WORKBOOK“Ah, but a man’s reach should exceed his grasp, Or what’s a heaven for?” (R.Browning: “Andrea del Sarto”) 1 WRITING TOPICS 1. Whoever gets success becomes a target. 2. People attend colleges or universities for many different reasons (for example, new experiences, career preparation, increased knowledge).Why do you think people attend colleges? 3. If you could make one important change in the university you attend, what change would you make? Use reasons and specific examples to support your answer. 4. It has been said, “Not everything that is learned is contained in books”. Compare and contrast knowledge gained from experience with knowledge gained from books. 5. Effective advertising sells products. Describe an advertisement and explain why it is effective. 6. A company has announced that it wishes to build a large factory near your community. discuss the advantages and disadvantages of it. 7. We all work with many different kinds of people. In your opinion what are some important characteristics of a co-worker? Use reasons and specific examples. 8. What are some major characteristics of a leader? 9. Passions in business are weaknesses 10. There is no bad merchandise, only bad tradesmen 11. There is a connection between pleasant scents and sales. 12. The most important things in life are invisible. 13. Sometimes it is better not to tell the truth – Do you agree or disagree? 14. “Life flashes by like lightening”. Comment. 2 READING PASSAGES 1. Read and answer the following questions: The following opinions were expressed in response to a questionnaire about LOVE A student, 21: I love women and I love sex. I’m not sure what love is. I guess love is sex. If I could, I would make love to a different girl every night. No, I’m not thinking about marriage. Maybe when I’m old. A teenage girl, 16: I dream of love almost day and night. I imagine places where I’ll meet my perfect man. He takes my hand and we walk through a green forest smelling of pine trees. We communicate without words, finally he kisses me. No, we don’t make love. That would be too vulgar! Love is pure! A businessman, 40: I haven’t got time for love, or marriage, or family. Occasional sex with a stranger is everything I can allow myself. I admit it’s becoming less and less exciting – every time a different woman, a different hotel room and the same old scenario. Late dinner at an expensive restaurant, lots of alcohol, a taxi to the hotel….. and typical symptoms of the-morning-after. The worst thing is, you wake up lonely. A man, 70: Love? Well, I love my granddaughter, she’s the sweetest little creature in the world. Sexual love? I don’t know. After all, what really counts is friendship, loyalty and day-to-day care, and not romantic sighs or passionate love-making. A girl, 6: I love my doggie Nancy, and I’ll never leave her. And she loves me too. When Daddy gets angry with me, I talk to Nancy – she understands everything. A man, 32: There’s no life without love. I’d love to be a father, but although I’ve been going out with my boyfriend, George, for three years now, I don’t think he’s going to get pregnant. Sex? I’d rather go for a long walk in the rain. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Add your own definition to the above ones. Which of the men respinding to the questionnaire value friendship over sex? Who agrres to the opinion that love should be platonic? What are these people’s attitude towards sex, marriage. Which of the opinions annoyed you? Which made you laugh? Why? 2. In the library of an American university, the librarian left a notice saying : “Back in a minute”. Someone then scribbled the signature “Godot”. Graffiti, the art of writing on the walls, is believed to be as old as the human race. It is a way of commenting on current social and political events, and of mocking advertising slogans. It can alos be a way of expressing oneself for people who have no chance or no courage to express their views in public. Graffiti writers use all sorts of walls available but probably the most popular are public lavatory walls, maybe because of the privacy 3 I’m a battleship. Lookout replied. I’m a captain. Some graffiti writers vandalise walls of builings with obscenities and various kinds of abuse. or moving astern?” the captain called out.” came the reply. the lookout on the wing of the bridge reported. and with what intention? 2. He spat out.” By that time. advise you change course 20 degreesy” Back came a signal. What the most popular graffiti in Romania? Who writes them. ”Light. graffiti can also be a form of vandalism. The captain then called to the signalman. How do you like the following? Keep Britain Tidy. 1. The visibility was poor with patchy fog. the captain was furious. “which meant we were on a dangerous collision course with that ship. 1. “I’m a lighthouse. Kill a tourist ( added to the environment protection slogan) Jesus saves – Today he is the only one who can afford to Join the army – Meet interesting people and kill them God is dead – Nietzsche Nietzesche is dead-God. captain. the following slogan does not seem obscene at all: “Eat beans. This. however. Compared to many of these. “Is it steady. Shortly after dark. Two battleships assigned to the training squadron had been at sea on maneuvers in heavy weather for several days. America needs gas” In most countries graffiti is regarded as a criminal offence.they guarantee. bearing on the starboard bow”. Local authorities organize graffiti removing squads. change course 20 degrees. you can be punished with a fine. However. “Send. What is your personal attitude to graffiti? 3. so the captain remained on the bridge keeping an eye on all activities. Change course 20 degrees. I was serving on the lead battleship and was on watch on the bridge as night fell. if you are caught painting walls. “Steady.” “I’m a seaman second class. does not discourage numerous graffiti writers who cover the walls of the whole world with thousands of new pictures and comments every year.” We changed course.” Back came the flashing light. and the London Underground spends about two million pounds every year on cleaning trains and station walls. What does “the lighthouse” represent for you? 4 . or even sent to prison for up to ten years. “Send. “Signal that ship: We are on a collision course. Most grafiti are witty and humorous and provide excellent free entertainment. In Britain. “Advisable for you to change course 20 degrees” The captain said. “You had better change course 20 degrees. If they were honest. Darwin and lots more were far from being geniuses in their teens. We must know the rality by ourselves to become a credible. History books seldom mention it. plain dullness and they showed no promise of being great. and to separate facts from opinions not pretending to have answers for everything. The world was built by men and women whose parents worried that they would never amount the “hill of bens”. defenders acknowledge that the whole reason to advertise is to persuade. He does not have to respond in pre-determined. But they believe that advertising can’t create demand for a product no one wants. if you suffer from the same symptoms. don’t despair.4. “A winner is not afraid to do his own thinking and to use his own knowledge. ovaluates what they say. one can’t help asking in return: “informed of what?” Most of the items are trivial and apart from that. A winner listens to others. indecision. They were given to daydreaming. or if the quality isn’t acceptable they can – and do – leave without buying. life in general” (Winners) D. You don’t hear too much about their early failure because parents prefer to cite more inspriring examples” (Ch.D. but if they can’t find the right size or colour. Advertising may bring people int oa store to buy. regardless of their actual need for these products. but comes to his/her own conclusions. He enjoys work. all the news seems to be bad. A winner can be spontaneous. they would probably say they had the duty to keep the public informed. rigid ways. It’s Never Too Late for Success) B. but the truth is that many of our greatest figures were less than inspiring when they were teenagers. Rice. Read the texts and comment upon them: A. “If you asked most newspaper editors what they thought their job was.” (Advertising and Promotion Industry) C. On the other side of the controversy. People are also able to ignore advertising messages by turning down the radio or simply turning the page in a magazine or newspaper. But when one looks at the average newspaper in Britain today. responsive person. It seems that most people enjoy reading about other people’s misfortunes and in this case editors should admit that their real aim is not to inform the people but simply to entertain” (Synthesis Plus) 5 . He can change his plans when the situation calls for it. “You and your parents can stop worrying – Pasteur. “Does advertising manipulate people into buying what they don’t need? Critics say that advertising is so powerful and persuasive that people have no choice but to buy what they see advertised. Edison. So. other people. the editors would say that all they are interested in is selling their papers. Their spouses and friends abandoned them long ago and they have no time. Pattie feld that the last chapter of the film would probably be Terry’s funeral. while encouraging other sufferers… 5. either generating complicated calculations or writing papers for various scientific magazines and conferences. Doctors have interpreted this kind of behaviour as pathological and named it “workaholism”. difficulty in expressing ideas logically. Children of 16 will have devoted more than twice as many hours to TV than to their school-teachers. “Present viewing statistics indicate that the average Briton who reaches the age of 65 will have spent nine years of his life watching television. demanding and full of stress. What do you think is the ideal proportion between work and leisure? 6 . to make new acquaintances. He is incapable of reading a book other then professional stuff and. “I was already impressed by this charming and good-looking man when we first talked for the first time. Other consequences of too much TV are a decline in learning levels. more articulate. a disinclination to be involved and exercise choice” ( Milton Shulman. After reading a large number of letters and talking to many patients on the phone. less communication between parent and child. if he goes to a party. “Workaholics spend most of their lives working and find it impossible to relax and rest. or will. The Times) F. They usually don’t take holidays. 1. more concerned societies than we had before. after half an hour he takes an encyclopedia or an atlas of astronomy from the bookshelf and plunges into it in the nearest armchair. It is certain that four decades of TV have not produced wiser. he spends all day in front of the computer. He was the first AIDS patient I had met face to face and as usual I called him a victim. He fought for his life to the last minute. politicians. she chose the 40-year old Terry to be the main character in her documentary. Only broadcasters and home secretaries resis the overwhelming evidence that TV has been a major contributin in the increase of violence. no matter how tired and overworked they are. My neighbour works sixteen hours a day. When however she started working on the programme on AIDS. her life changed. scientists and computer programmers. How do you see the future of workaholism? 3. he gets so bored with people and their small talk that. Being a professor in physics.E. and weekends are a nightmare for them. kinder. saying that he did not let us treat him as a patient. If it’s possible they spend their weekends in the office or at least take home some urgent work to do. The species of workaholics breeds especially well among business executives. And it seems that in the present day business world. the species has every chance for fast development. He treats teaching during seminars and going to conferences as entertainment. What are the professions most infected by workaholism? 2. more humane. He protested against the label. Pattie thought that she had been assigned a routine job. Can you think of a situation when it might not be a good idea to say exactly what you think? 2. such men as John D. They demonstrated that personal virtues could bring success.P. Nowadays the high-salaried manager replaced the business tycoon. It has learnt to think independently and flexibly and is much better at relating one thing to another. gave lavish parties. In contrast. They retained their small-town values and lifestyles. The great tycoons were fierce competitors.Morgan. Children often scream before their piano practice because it’s so boring. You say. He displayed ostentation in his private and business life. although some parts have rusted up. others used force. Andrew Carnegie. sailed yachts. John D.6. you get less frustrated. ‘I wish I could help you but I’m short of money myself’. Some of these men were honest. But the joy is that. the enterpreneur who not only made it big but made it very big. according to business standards of their day. your brain has learnt all kinds of other things since you were young. suppose a friend wants to borrow some money from you. Rockefeller and Henry Ford. eventually you’ll get the hang of it. He and his companions gambled. J. 7. operated on a scale of magnificence. the business “tycoon”. theirs was the gospel of work and thrift. 7 . if you’re calm and simply do something carefully again and again. Experience has told you that. or have to be bribed to take exams. built palatial homes and bought the art treasures of Europe. have to be given gold stars and medlas to be persuaded to swim. In some ways age is a positive plus.Rockefeller and Henry Ford demonstrated puritanical qualities.Morgan. single-minded in their pursuit of financial success and power. BUSINESS TYCOONS America once idealized the businessman who amassed a vast financial empire. perhaps the most flamboyant of the enterpreneurs. What kind of people could be described as dishonest? What exactly is a lie? Is it anything we say which we know is untrue? Or is it something more than that? For example. Can a life based on principles and values be a source of wealth? 8.P. Later their heirs would establish the largest philantropic foundations in America. Among the giants wer J. What is a tycoon? 2. But when you’re older? Some people fear going back to school because they worry that their brains have got rusty. University students frequently do the minimum amount of work because they ‘re crazy for a good social life instead. 1. It is often said that we learn things at the wrong time. For instance. bribery and guile to achieve their wealth and power. DOES HONESTY ALWAYS PAY? 1. when you’re older. Research has also been done into the way people’s behaviour changes in a number of small. It has been found that if they are sitting down at the time. are better at telling less serious lies than men are generally lie far more than men do make promises they intend to break more often than men do lie at parties more often than men do 3. According to the passage. He says there are several typical forms of this. and in particular the context in which the lie is told. or squirming about in a chair simply tend to occur more frequently in this situation. c. a ‘white lie’ seems to be a lie a. One explanation of this may be that lying causes a slight increase in blood pressure. apparently unimportant ways when they lie. women are better liars than men. particularly when telling a ‘white lie’ such as when a woman at a party tells another woman that she likes her dress when she really thinks it looks awful. One reason people sometimes rub their noses when they lie is that 8 . such as covering part of the mouth with the fingers. To the trained observer. that the other people believe that othe people don’t believe told in order to avoid offending someone told in order to gain some advantage 2.In fact. b. they tend to move about in their chairs more than usual. Another gesture which gives liars away is what the writer Desmond Morris in his book “Manwatching” calls ‘the mouth cover’. This is the kind of lie politicians and businessmen are supposed to be particularly skilled at: the lie from which the liar hopes to profit or gain in some way. Research suggests that women a. Such a gesture can be interpreted as an unconscious attempt on the part of the liar to stop himself or herself from lying. Other researchers say that men are more likely to tell more serious lies. Is this really a lie? Professor Jerald Jellison of the University of Southern California has made a scientific study of lying. Choose the best answer: 1. d. They also tend to touch certain parts of the face more often. d. However. this is only one side of the story. touching the upper-lip or putting a finger of the hand at one side of the mouth. such as making a promise which they have no intention of fulfilling. they are saying. b. ‘I wish I were somewhere else now’. The tip of the nose is very sensitive to such changes and the increased pressure makes it itch. you are not short of money but your friend is in the habit of not paying his debts and you don’t want to hurt his feelings by reminding him of this. According to him. It is not one gesture alone that gives the liar away but a whole number of things. such gestures as rubbing the nose or covering the mouth. in particular the nose. c. Of course. our goal is to have one thing left over from a ripe-for-the-scrap-heap Opel: a fond memory. Working in close cooperation with various specialist recycling companies.for Opel and the environment. b. But today. 9. WHAT’S LEFT AFTER RECYCLING AN OPEL? Every Opel has always been built to last as long as possible. And some of these parts have themselves already been manufactured from recycled plastics. Depending on type. 9 . But none of these plastic parts can be simply shredded. they now aim to bridge any remaining gaps in the recycling circuit. d. RECYCLING DOESN’T START AT THE SCRAPYARD.a concept that could be called “pre-cycling”. It would appear from the passage that a. Recycling is better……. and this proportion is likely to rise even further. Ultimately. sorted magnetically and then melted down like iron or steel. Plastics account for about ten percent of a vehicle’s unloaded weight. 1993) Write: TRUE/FALSE 1. c. Our engineers and material specialists have been developing ideas and new methods for systematical plastics recycling for years. Therefore. The problem is critical. is equipped exclusively eith coded.a. for example. c. An Opel Astra that rolls off the assembly line today. The text is a paid advertisment for Opel. metals are recyclable at an 80 to 98% rate. b. there is no simple way of finding out if someone is lying certain gestures are proof that the speaker is lying certain gestures are proof of lying only if they are repeated frequently people lie in some situations more often than in others. plastics must be produced from the beginning with recycling in mind. d. (From: Time Magazine. recyclable plastic parts…. THE ART OF PRECYCLING. And our environment is just too valuable to be spoiled with piles of discarded cars. they are trying to stop themselves from telling lies 4. we are building our new models in such a way that they can also be taken apart as easily as possible. Experts estimate that in the future up to 12 million used vehicles will be scrapped in Europe annually. they eish they were somewhere else the nose is sensitive to physical changes caused by lying they want to cover their mouths. It is therefore becoming increasingly important to introduce environmentally acceptable recycling methods. The various materials which make up today’s cars are much too valuable to be simply thrown away. Recycling metals does not represent a major problem anymore. Choose from the list A-H the sentence which best summarizes each part (1-6) of the article. The text is introducing a major breakthrough in recycling techniques. 6. In the future. 12. Recycling metal has longer traditions than recycling plastic.2. The amount of useful recycled iron and steel will weigh less than the metal going into the process. Plastics amount to 10% or more of the full weight of a vehicle. The ultimate aim of Opel manufacturers is to be able to make use of ll parts of a vehicle when it is not running any more. Recycling methods somtetimes pollute the environment. There are no technical problems left for large quantities of plastic to be recycled. There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use. 14. 10. 3. Pre-cycling means producing environmentally friendly materials 15. 10. The text is critical of car manufacturers. A B C D E F G H 0 10 There are different types and definitions of gossip Gossip can make us more sympathetic towards others A lot of gossip is not based on truth Gossip can be beneficial as well as unpleasant We like to learn about the misfortunes of successful people We sometimes gossip to convince ourselves that we’re no different from most people When people gossip. it sometimes reveals an unpleasant side to their characters Most people enjoy gossiping . 13. including Opel. THE GOOD NEWS ABOUT GOSSIP “Intelligent people talk about ideas Average people talk about events Common people talk about other people” You are going to read a magazine article about gossip. 7. The methods for recycling plastics are to be modelled on the well-known processes used for metals. Metal amounts to 80-90 percent of the full weight of a vehicle. The text is taken from a green magazine giving positive examples to be followed by other companies 4. 9. that are not doing enough for the environment 5. at least 12 million cars in Europe will be sent to the scrapyard every year. 11. The text is taken from an Opel manual. 8. some gossip is positively good for you. ‘It’s impossible to keep anything a secret at work. 3. Bits of information passed around also help us understand how other people think and what’s happening in their lives. Talking about people we know gives us a sense of belonging. the rich and famous 11 . ‘Both sexes spend about two-thirds of their time talking about personal relationships and social behaviour. at school or at work. we’re assessing our relationships and our lifestyles. Most of it is harmless and in fact. Whatever you call it. The word ‘gossip’ conjures up an image of a group of people huddled in a corner. Sharing information can help keep groups and communities together. Sometimes it’s all too tempting to pass on nasty tales about people you don’t like – or even people you do. However. but they call it different things. knows. When we chat about other people’s lives. This tends to happen when we’re jealous of other people. I was glad I knew. Professor of Psychology at Liverpool University. However. men talk about office politics. And when we discuss someone’s problems at home.Nobody likes to admit it. not all gossip is negative. we want confirmation that other people’s lives are just as fraught with difficulty as out own. Knowing that someone is under pressure because of a personal problem allows you to be more sensitive and tolerant.’ 4. Subconsciously. We use the information that reaches us through others to compare our lives with everyone else’s. 2. but nothing is as much fun as talking about who’s doing what. Women gossip. a secretary.’ 5. other people’s lives are a constant source of fascination. There’s no reason why we should care that a celebrity is in trouble. However. and deciding whether we’re doing better or worse. However. whispering about someone else’s misfortune or sharing some scandalous news about a neighbour or colleague. Who can honestly say they don’t experience a slight feeling of satisfaction when people whose lives they envy suffer a major setback? 6. as Donna. It’s a relief to know we’re not the only ones who sometimes do things we’re ashamed of . we’re also looking for reassurance that our own behaviour is normal. Most men think women wast time chatting about inconsquential things. At best it stops you putting your foot in it. otherwise I might have been tempted to call him a miserable old fool. Women spend more time talking about othe people’s relationships and men spend more time talking about themselves. I discovered my boss was having problems at home. says men gossip just as much as women. not all gossip is an innocent exchange of information. Gossip columnists play on our need to compare our lves to other people’s. where and with whom. 1. Robin Dunbar. Nor do I write it snobbishly. all religious instruction. Obviously. THE IDEA OF SUMMERHILL This is a story of a modern school – Summerhill. Logically. When they have problems we can identify with. for it demonstrates that freedom works. I taught in ordinary schools for many years. When my first wife and I began the school. all suggestion. not an evil. or stay away from them. We have been called brave. In column A put a number of 0-3 according to the importance attached to these aims at the school you attend. he will develop as far as he is capable of developing. and the way adults interfere with learning. but it did not require courage. Summerhill is possibly the happiest school in the world. My view is that a child is innately wise and realistic. In column B. 11. We have no truants and seldom a case of homesickness… The function of the child is to live his own life. Compare your conclusions as a class. It is a good school only for those who believe in such a school. a school that makes active children sit at desks studying mostly useless subjects is a bad school. I knew the other way well. while those who are only fit to sweep the streets will sweep the streets. Writing topic: A teacher that had a lot of influence on me. All it required was what we had – a complete belief in the child as a good. we had one main idea: to make the school fit for the child – instead of making the child fit the school. All this interference and guidance on the part of adults only produces a generation of robots…… Free children are not easily influenced. The children have classes usually according to their age. the innate qualities of children. being. Discussion questions: 1. What were you afraid of when you were younger? 5. but sometimes according to their interests. The author holds quite strong views on education. the absence of fear accounts for this phenomenon and is the finest thing that can happen to a child. I knew it was all wrong. not the life that his anxious parents think he should live. In what ways does a child usually have to fit a school? 2. the absence of fear accounts for this phenomenon. What are the freedoms that children at Summerhill enjoy? 3. Some people enjoy such gossip so much that even the lives of characters in TV soap operas fill their discussions. all direction. If left to himself without adult suggestion of any kind. all moral training. Children can go to them. Group work. It is no longer such: it is a demonstration school. Which of these views do you agree with? 4. for I would rather see a school produce a happy street cleaner than a neurotic scholar. It was wrong because it was based on an adult conception of what a child should be and of how a child should learn. Indeed. Summerhill began as an experimental school. we feel better. Summerhill is a place in which people who have the innate ability and wish to be scholars will be scholars. In order to do this. There is a timetable – but only for the teachers.are held up as role models. we set out to make a school in which we should allow children freedom to be themselves. we had to renounce all discipline. for those uncreative citizens who want docile. put a number of 0-3 according to what you think the ideal school’s priorities should be. But we have not produced a street cleaner so far. A Helping you to develop your personality and character Helping you to do as well as possible in the exams Teaching you about right and wrong Showing you how to get on with other people Teaching you about what is going on in the world today 12 B . so we see their lives as more interesting than our own. as if they really existed. uncreative children who will fit into a civilization whose standard of success is money. Well. ………Lessons are optional. British Leyland. was accused of having alloted dubious funds and of other suspicious practices. BRIBERY – AN UNAVOIDABLE EVIL? Students who take Economic studies are sometimes a little amazed at finding out that in their syllabus. additional discounts and payments to different secret accounts in Switzerland. etc) Making school a pleasant place to be in 12. but what about real life when confronted with such a situation? Some years ago. Sometimes. Seldom do they realize that later on in the career they are going to follow they shall be tempted to compromize n order to obtain what they want. Talking about moral integrity is easy. Who is to suffer if we spend some more millions bribing some of our customers? If we didn’t do it . It is also known that there are countries that have put pressure on some foreign companies in order to obtain donations for some political parties. On this list there are some countries in the Close and Middle East. The second category covers the sums paid to obtain faster the official agreement for a certain project. is increasing in many countries. ruled by president Salvadore Allende. under its different appearances. Nevertheless. in that same period. the third largest car manufacturer in the US has revealed that between 1971 and 1976 it had made such suspicious payments of more than two and a half million dollars. The company denied these allegations. In the same category can be included the big payments to the running families in certain countries or to their closest counsellors to arrange weapon sales or important contracts in the building or petro-chemistry industry. we sell cars abroad for over a million pounds yearly. they may not be fully aware that bribery. an English car manufacturer. For example. there are also lectures on business ethics. the American conglomerate ITT (International Telephone and Telegraph Corporation) offered an important sum of money to a presidential candidate in a time when it was investigated for additonal violations of the anti-brust law. This is the situation.Keeping you occupied Helping you with things you will need to know when you leave school (running a home. It turned out that the same company was willing to fund the attempt to overturn the Marxist government in Chile. that is to speed up the biroctarical gearing. willing to confess off the record: “Look. Over 300 other American companies have revealed the same thing. The first category includes the payments made for political purposes to secure important contracts. the Chrysler Corporation. managing money. A witness stated in front of a court investigating a case referring to a weapon sale contract to Iran that a British company had paid one million dollars to a go-between who had helped it to successfully clinch a tank sale to Iran. someone else would. The third category includes the sums paid in countries where they pay bribes in order to botain the conclusion of some contracts. there were some people in the car-building industry. an expensive gift is necessary to soften up a 13 . in some it was even a style of life for centuries. These payments can be divided into three cathegories. which were withdrawn later on. such as the payment of extremely important funds to certain agents and customers.” Bribery and suspicious payments have become a fact in the commercial life: for instance. Unfortunately. Although one may exagerate in saying that industry is blocked by bribery. “It is useless to have a quiet dog”. without imposing anything. The British wish the system was strict enough to make the firms behave. or a lesser sum is paid to some influential customs officials to clear goods. Could one draw up a code able to impose some rules to the companies and to outlaw bribery under all its aspects? The International Commerce Chamber is for a code of ethics able to outlaw taking and giving bribes. But the French delegation considers that drawing up and imposing laws is government’s task. they say.member ot the government. The task of a business community as the ICC is to establish the right and the wrong. the members of the Chamber have different opinions on the way in which the code should be enforced. 14 . the businessment often find themselves nowadays in circumstances when it is hard for them to concord their commercial interests and their consciousness. we have to make sure that management is not itself smug about its status and that it does not issue mission 15 . The proliferation and subsequent questioning may have been an inevitable evolution. might think it marvellous to have such a resource of business school graduates ready for the recovery. and who feel that academia has not been sufficiently appreciative of the needs of industry or of the employers’ possibility contribution. given the name of the degree. that there should be no league table for UK business schools. If the Management Charter Initiative. perched anxiously on their own internal aldders. One wonders where all the tutors for this massive infusion of business expertise came from and why all this mushrooming took place. when empowerment is a buzzword that is at least generating genuflexions. is successful. Optimists. no unanimity about what the degree should encompass. No-one doubts that we need more scientists and innovation to give us an edge in an increasingly competitive world. there is now much doubt about the value of the degree – not least among MBA graduates themselves. there will be a powerful corrective. and no agreed system of accreditation. suggests that this might be the case. Surely there is something wrong. Above all. If scientist feel themselves undervalued and under-used. not need to be too concerned about the fall in applications for business school places. who are now lauded captains of industry We may. the ability to communicate and lead. above all. more so now. It is curious. which revealed that eighty-one per cent of managers thought they would be more effective if they received more training. therefore. Perhaps companies that made large investments would have been wiser to invest in already existing managers. There is. We believe now that management is all about change.MULTIPLE CHOICE The Muddle of MBA’s It is incongruous that the number of British institutions offering MBA courses should have grown by 254 per cent during a period when the economy has been sliding into deeper recession. some comparatively unlettered. What was taken some years ago as a ticket of certain admission to success is now being exposed to the scrutiny of cost-conscious employers who seek “can-dos” rather than “might-dos”. They need the inherent qualifications of character. or those given to speedy assumptions. or even the doubt about BMAs. currently causing concern and which is overdue for attention. Unfortunately. now exploring the introduction of a senior management qualification. if not total conviction. too the fact that trining alone does not make succesful managers. suffering as they are from the effects of recession and facing the prospect of shrinking management structures. and. that is not a promising augury for the future. a degree of selfsubjugation. It seems we have to resolve these misapprehensions between science and industry. working in industrial ghettos. One hope there will be some of that in the relationship between management and science within industry. One can easily think of people. The Institute of Management’s 1992 survey. …. b.…. 2. c. c. a. a. More empowerment is required – and we should strive to achieve it. c. d. . a. 3. 4. b. a. U – the information is not clearly given in the passage. 16 Employers today are looking for proven experience rather than potential ability Most managers interviewed felt that their colleagues needed more training The Management Charter Initiative is an attempt to standardize MBAs. In the writer’s opinion.. b. According to the passage. d.if you disagree with the statement. science increases competition scientists are undervalued the management of science needs reassessment management feels smug about its status READ the following statements and say how they reflect the information in the reading passage: A.statements about communication without realising that the essence of it is a dialogue. feel that they have not been consulted sufficiently about their needs consider that cost-consciousness is the most important qualification are more concerned about the value of the degree than graduates themselves feel that MBAs will not be necessary because of shrinking management structures 3. What is the writer’s view in the reading passage? He believes that……. Choose the right answer: 1. D. b. employers…….A 1. managers need a degree and the ability to communicate training needs to be done in groups to be successful managers today must have good communication and leadership skills industrial managers do not need to write letters 4. . d. According to the passages. Companies would have benefited more from investing in their own staff rather than recruiting MBAs. d.Example: The number of MBA courses being offered more than doubled during the recession .. there are too many MBAs the degree is overvalued standards are inconsistent the degree has dubious value 2. c.if you agree with the statement. crowds and noise. ever-changing environment of the city. They may not always be accurate. Using T-shirts and clearly labelled identifiers of places visited or affiliations are ways in which we can identify oruselves and have a clear opener for social itneraction with others. we keep our faces blank and eyes straight ahead. we make use of stereotypes as convenient shorthand ways to make quick judgements about situations and people. or the car they are driving or the newspaper they are reading. we are not just protecting ourselves but are avoiding overloading other people as well. and this applies particularly to things that regularly appear in the line of sight as we walk through the street. attitudes and personality to others. Some other signals are much more subtle and may involve small differences in behaviour. In the city. The problem with the shorthand of stereotypes is that they restrict experience. people’s 17 . and in doing so. or to those which are important to us. and provide us with a way of dealing with the wide diversity of city life. It is becoming increasingly common for brand names to be placed on the outside of garments. In England. We thus ignore certain things in the environment. When we are in public. Passing someone on the way to work. we use dress and other non-verbal clues to create a stereotype that signals oru social group. and lets others tell at a distance whether an individual has similar tastes and is a suitable person to associate with. and the structure of clothes is changing to cater for these needs. modes of dress are particularly important with regard to self-presentation. It is as if we have tunnel vision. We may decide not to go certain places because we believe they will not offer something we enjoy. We don’t stop. and they can often be dangerously wrong. we not only use stereotypes to enable us to decode information but also make use of them in order to present an image of ourselves. Besides clothers. and this labelling makes it easy to transmit information about fashion and price instantly. In the context of the city. and most city dwellers experience a kind of information overload. make-up and in particular hairstyle are all part of the process of giving off signals as to our group. where social grouping or class continues to make social distinctions. such as traffic. which is dealt with by using an attentional filtering process. Different groups often use clearly identifiable styles of clothes so that they can be easily recognised. but they are used regularly in a relatively benign way. Commuters on their way to work may filter out or not even notice the sight of young people who have been sleeping rough in the sam spot for some time. hairstyles also signal group membership.SENDING MESSAGES IN THE HUMAN JUNGLE When we walk through the city we are bombarded by stimuli of all kinds. However. By using limited clues to provide us with a rapid opinion of other people or places we may choose to limit oru interactions. the stereotypes we use ofer a rapid way of summing up others without investing much energy or effort. this enables us to make contact with other likeminded people and avoid others whom we regard as different. When we are overloaded in the fastmoving. and in the city. we may often summarise their social position and attitudes by briefly glancing at their dress. The way the hair is worn in some traditional societies signals status and psotion. I refused the offer. b. a. question b. b. a. People walking in cities ignore much of the stimuli around them because a. d. The new tax put a heavy…………. According to the text. bargain c. In the city. there is too much information to take in everyone else is expressionless the environment is already familiar to them they do not wish to talk to other people 2.. Lending them so much money is out of the ……. the main disadvantage of using stereotypes is that they a. d.. we assess people by using stereotypes because a.circumstances b. Class distinctions tend to be relatively fixed. Under the…………. In the city. b. chance d. c. on behalf c. they are more likely to be secondary determinants of friendship and association. on their budget a.. where greater variety is permitted. d. c. c. bond 18 . opportunity d. they can help to create a particular stereotype they allow people to express their individuality they give a great deal of information about an individual people are becoming increasingly interested in fashion Now choose the best word: 1. d. occasion 2. clothes are particularly important because a. debt b. although in the context of the city. we all have prejudices against certain groups they enable us to form reliable impressions of others we need to make judgements very quickly they need to be given the benefit of the doubt 3. b. risk 3. Choose the best answer: 1. may make us miss out on potentially pleasurable experiences have the potential of leading us into dangerous situations can rarely be relied upon make us mentally lazy 4. c.accent and the manner of speaking are all clues to our social group. strong b. hold out b. represent 10. useful 12.reduced d. headline 19 . The discovery was a major……………for all research fields. call off 8. accountant c. filter 13.The ad in the newspaper offered me the long-wished for opportunity. article b.. breakdown d.announcement c. fee c.kept 14. Have you paid the…………. fearless d. hang on d.. retires d. breakout 5. measure c. a. a. a.. a. information d. due b. librarian 11. choice b.a minute. hire d.mark d. a. pensions 9.enough to ask your boss for a rise? a. money 6. Are you ……. breakthrough b.They have lowered the price of cars. estimate b. hand on c. break in c.for the conference? a. honest b.responsibility d. assistant b.limited c. When she……….kind c.resigns c.What does GMT stand for? a. If you will only…………. dismisses b. We need a score of industrious people to finish it in time. bold 7. careful c. hard-working d. a. she’ll take more care of her grandson. burden 4. I’ll put you through. a.c. Which is your favourite brand of cigarettes? a. clerk d. bald c. conceal d.Being a book-keeper is boring in my opinion. increased b. The accident in the works grieved everybody a. Make the report brief next time. plant d. Nobody knew what the cargo of that plane really was. a.16. phone-call c. short c. long 17. processed c. a. message CLOZE EXERCISES 20 . mission b. will you? a. port c. clear b. letter b. telegram d.make c. solid 18. I’ve just got his wire. load d.necessary b. lab 1. mine b. purpose 2.Where do they bring the raw material from? a. plain d. crude d. live. the “life line”……. doctors in Japan claim they ……… accurately predict a patient’s susceptibility to a disease by a simple examination of………. The sad fact is that we need work because it imposes the discipline we need. However.. The “heart line” ……. to the doctors. after they begin jobs they become ………. For if it is there. which is a good sign. To serious……. however.. Obviously this again depends on the kind of work. of health is indicated by the “health line”..for imagination. ……… care of your health. but most of us are in conventional………………jobs which offer little ………..! ATTITUDES TO WORK AND LEISURE Use the following words or phrases in its correct place below. in fact. and freedom comes naturally to them. palm prints.. to use the free time they already have very ……….. but probably find it more in our work than in our leisure time. The line of head…… connected with intelligence. the “line of fate” shows events which ……. receive genuine satisfaction from their work. 21 . They find they need it.the palm of your hand does…… indicate how long you are going …. For those…... influence our lives.readers it really shows just how well you are going to live it. In the sixties links were found …. not many people have the necessary……….. Our mistake is in regarding leisure as a chance to do nothing.. We leave our work only to face a leisure that we find difficult to cope with.HEALTH IN THE PALM OF YOUR HAND Contrary…… a widely held belief.believe in the power of the palm to indicate……. to work. said to control ……… your emotional and your sexual life. you should. So ……… time you go to the seaside or circus and have your palm …….. This depends on age. You might find out more about the future than through a ……. Likewise... abnormal hand prints and a German measles epidemic. breaks in the life……… signal illness or other major change. constructively conditioned creativity scope rewarding aimless 9 to 5 aspire challenge initiative reglementation fulfilment Most adults……………. it is ……… always present. future. Your general……. Those with ………… jobs which require …………. ……. However. Life seems ………… and we secretly look forward to our work again. Palmistry has some support from doctors. much they complain about its routine and …………. whereas in fact it should be looked on as a ……………. to more leisure but. We dream about personal…………. The “sun line” hints……… your artistic inclinations.. The young are free from work and responsibility. remember to ask about your health. in overall academic ability. ……. down. defence against its weaknesses. However. Societatea noastră creează în prezent un produs nou. placed on a new diet. artificial colourings. While ……… of us could munch our way through the six feet of sugar cane it takes to produce two teaspoons of sugar. When the new study is completed.. The youngsters were studied by top criminologist Dr. nearly ……… half when all junk food was banned from ……. 22 . ……. if the rest of the diet is high……. Sugar was ……. by wholefood. These objectives must be compativle with your personal ambitions and values. Cocietatea noastră creează produse competitive de când s-a înfiinţat. says Ian Stoakes.. this can ……. Junk food was ………. development director of the British Society ……. sugar is not poisonous.000 youngsters in detention centres ……. menu.. flavouring……. their guards couldn’t believe the difference. Most………………strategies tend to be simple and concentrate on the business’s strength while building an…………. products. 5. Stephen Schoenthaler. …. An over-elaborate strategy which prevents management from concentrating on the key issues is a common………… So too is failing to define the true nature of your business and its markets.. fighting to stealing . Modern methods of processing and condensing food ……. Another dramatic diet experiment on more than one million American schoolchildren over four years showed a 15% …. Nutritional Medicine.. ……… everyone agrees that food can affect behaviour. from biscuits…….. 1995. ………. baked beans. p. is convinced that the food …… eat does affect our behaviour. In addition to the manufacturing and distribution problems which could arise.. we can easily get …….... us to consume far more “empty calories” than ever……… For example. 4.fell ……. Această societate creează produse noi annual. it should……. us more about diet and behaviour links.CAN FOOD AFFECT BEHAVIOUR? When ……… than 8. So. one third of a person’s food intake in the UK is sugar. to the “hidden” sugar in everything.. It is surprising how often new companies underprice their products. does a manufacturer of home computers serve the market for personal computers or that for executive toys? Price strategy will be a key for the new business. to “borderline malnutrition”. The inmates’ problem behaviour – everything ……. it doesn’t contain any nutrients. times that amount in a day when it ……. fats. preservatives were eliminated.. For example. heavily processed and overcooked. adequate successful strategies low price issue “You should set realistic objectives for your business and develop appropriate ……………. you will be vulnerable to attack from an established competitor by sustained price cutting. It is generally unwise to choose a strategy involving high volumes of……………….” (How to Set up Your Own Business – by David Philip.10) TRANSLATIONS 3. to achieve them. 7. Acum îmi caut o altă slujbă. Am lucrat la această companie mai mult de 10 ani. ceea ce înseamnă că îl puteţi utiliza numai în limita disponibilului din contul Dvs. 15. şi-a dat seama că temerile sale fuseseră inutile. 12. 14. schimb valutar. 18. Operaţiuni valutare: încasări şi plăţi în numerar. Studiam ecomomia centralizată de doi ani când a avut loc Revoluţia în România. în lei şi valută. dar n-am întălnit niciodată o asemenea situaţie. Îl aşteptam de o oră în momentul când ne-am hotărât să începem tratativele fără el. Am citit această carte a lui Adam Smith. 9. 16. 10. 11. Depozite – în lei pe termen de 30. Citeam ceva foarte interesant când a intrat directorul în birou şi ne-a spus că şi-a amânat plecarea la Londra. colegii mei discutau de mai bine de jumătate de oră despre noile măsuri guvernamentale anunţate. Alina lucrează la acest proiect de 5 luni. În prima zi de lucru avea emoţii. Când am ajuns la birou. 90 de zile. Lucrez în această instituţie de cinci ani. pentru modernizarea sau terminarea acestora. – Ce făceai ieri pe vremea aceasta? . Se temea că nu este destul de competent pentru a lucra la acea firmă. 19. Evaluări şi consultanţă – Evaluări patrimoniale în vederea privatizării. 60. remiteri cecuri pentru operaţiuni comerciale BANCA ROMÂNĂ DE COMERŢ EXTERIOR Serviciul Carduri Acest card este un card de debit. 23 .Calculam preţul noilor produse. lichidării capitalului social. Studiam mult înainte de 1989. 8. TRANSLATE THE FOLLOWING BANK LEAFLET Produse şi servicii oferite clienţilor noştri: Conturi curente – purtătoare de dobândă. 17. dar acum două luni a dat faliment. După câteva zile de lucru. cu plata dobânzii la termen Credite – pentru persoane fizice: pentru construirea de case şi case de vacanţă. Noi lucrăm în schimbul de după-amiază. Adam Smith a publicat renumita sa carte în 1776. pentru persoane fizice şi juridice. De o jumătate de oră încerc să prind legătura telefonică cu Compania Lloyds şi nu reuşesc. asocierii. 20. Studiam economia centralizată când a avut loc Revoluţia în România. 13.6. de carduri. Într-un timp foarte scurt. de carduri. Regretăm că trebuie să vă spunem că marfa a sosit în condiţii proaste. şi a apărut ca rezultat al potenţialului economic pe care România poate să-l asigure pentru această ramură a industriei de telecomunicaţii. ea nu corespunde mostrelor/condiţiilor stipulate în contract 3. de la utilizatorii particulari.În contul de carduri trebuie să aveţi un sold minim comunicat de către bancă. separat de card. În orice caz. Azi am primit cutiile/baloturile la care vă referiţi în avizul Dvs. separat de numărul de card. 2. dispune de una dintre cele mai mari reţele pe plan naţional. care are deja o mare reţea de dealeri pe plan internaţional.” (România Liberă. 15 oct. La efectuarea unei operaţiuni la un automat bancar. după introducerea cardului şi citirea acestuia.1997) RECLAMAŢII 1. Nu uitaţi să luaţi cardul imediat ce a fost returnat de maşină. fiind considerat uitat. servind o gamă largă de clienţi. cu drepturile nete aferente perioadei lucrate. la principalii dealeri ai operatorilor de reţea. De asemenea acesta poate fi alimentat la orice ghişeu Bancorex. Ea este specializată în distribuirea telefoanelor celulare. datorită unui colectiv care asigură toată gama de servicii şi produse. Trebuie să vă rugăm să înlocuiţi bunurile deteriorate sau să ne creditaţi cu contravaloarea acestora. Mobile World Trading SRL devine prima companie românească dedicată exclusiv telefoanelor mobile în sistem GSM. Extrasul contului de carduri îl veţi primi cel puţin lunar. “Mobile World Trading SRL este o companie cu renume naţional. Probabil a fost deteriorată în timpul transportului. În caz contrar el este retras. ci se angajează să asigure de fiecare dată servicii de calitate clienţilor săi. Azi Mobile World. ÎNTĂRZIERI ÎN LIVRARE Rapeluri 24 . Contul de carduri va fi alimentat de către societatea comercială/instituţia la care lucraţi. vor fi preluate din contul Dvs. Cardul poate fi utilizat pentru plăţi la comercianţi şi pentru retragere de numerar la ghişeele băncilor şi la automate bancare care au afişat însemnul VISA. Cardul poate fi utilizat începând cu data plăţii primului salariu. al cărei principal obiectiv este furnizarea telefoanelor mobile în sistem GSM şi a accesoriilor aferente lor. Plăţile/retragerile de numerar efectuate de Dvs. compania a reuşit să intre pe pieţele naţionale. Aceste date sunt necesare pentru blocarea rapidă a cardului în cazul pierderii/furtului. Mobile World Trading nu se mulţumeşte numai cu livrarea de produse de calitate la preţuri competitive. de la casieria societăţii comerciale/instituţiei la care lucraţi. supl. La primirea cardului vă rugăm să vă notaţi numărul acestuia şi data de valabilitate. cu prezentarea cardului. De asemenea notaţi parola primită odată cu cardul. el vă este returnat. 76 din 02/05 are o întârziere considerabilă Întrucât piesele de schimb ne sunt necesare imediat. 2. I can’t leave the town. Regretăm mult să constatăm că nu am primit nici un răspuns la cererile noastre repetate pentru suma neachitată din factura noastră nr. 5. Înainte de Revoluţie. Cu cât s-a mărit cifra dvs. deoarece am cumpărato en gros. Când a fuzionat firma dvs. Ce profit aţi obţinut anul trecut pe aceste acţiuni? 2. Când? Contabilul n ostru a întocmit dispoziţia de plată pe data de 20 februarie. valoarea ei era mai scăzută. cu acest canal de televiziune? 4. 8. Când am cumpărat această marfă. partener? 7.1. 10. de afaceri în comparatie cu anul trecut? 12.the Manager at the beginning of next week. 3. Ati plătit impozitul? Da. Când v-aţi asociat cu noul Dvs. 6. am fi bucuroşi dacă le-aţi expedia fără întârziere. Aceast firmă s-a înfiinţat acum patru luni în urma unei hotărâri de guvern. I (see)………………. 11. Translate: 1. KEEP UP YOUR GRAMMAR Use either Present Simple or Present Continuous: 1. Dorim să vă reamintim că factura noastră nr. în România obiectele de vestimentaţie se vindeau numai cu amănuntul. vom fi obligaţi să anulăm comanda. A crescut venitul pe cap de locuitor în timpul guvernării Văcăroiu? 9. va trebui să recurgem la justiţie fără altă notificare. Ce sistem de contabilitate aţi utilizat în ultimii ani? Nu am utilizat decât contabilitatea convenţională. 25 . Al doilea rapel. Dacă mărfurile nu pot fi expediate în 2 zile.76 din 02/05 nu a fost încă acceptată şi vă solicităm să acordaţi neîntârziat atenţie acestei chestiuni. Ultimul rapel. care este acum scadentă de 5 luni. bazată pe costul istoric. Registrul contabil al fiecărei companii a trebuit refăcut în 1995. Comanda noastră nr. 3.76 din 02/05.c. În aceste împrejurări suntem siliţi să spunem că dacă nu vom primi mandatul de plată pentru achitarea completă a sumei datorate până la 01/09 a. Surplusul de bani lichizi a dus adesea la o devalorizare a monedei naţionale. (to write) the report for the AGM. Rita is coming to see us on Sunday 2. I’m trying to find out the new address of the company. 6. The governor of the National Bank of France (pay) ……………… us a visit this week. He (write)………… the report for the next meeting. You must hurry. Last week the “Amerom Television” (announce) ………. in the afternoo shift.our company will become famous all over the country.. We form questions in the Simple Present Tense with the help of:………. 4. We (buy)………… ten new shares of this firm last year and (sell)……… them a few months later. The number of unemployed………………. They are launching a new range of products now. Jeff is using the company’s car this morning. We form questions in the Present Continuous by:…………………. with the co-workers. 5. 6. the matter and they (not approve)……… the joint venture. 3.(increase) at the moment. I’m meeting my lawyer at 10:30 in the court..his famous book in 1776. The sales manager is talking to a Japanese dealer. The number of unemployed (increase)………….. The commission (discuss)……………. The manager is talking about a new economic plan. 4. 7. 11.. Everybody …………(wait) for you. A new bid (to take) ………. at the moment.2. What you (do) for a living? 8. You always (argue)………. 4. 7. 3. 5. During the week he generally (work)………. He sells computers and hi-fi equipment. We all (hope)…………. Ask questions for the following underlined words: 1. I (read)…………. *Exception: Use Past Tense Simple or Present Perfect: 1. The cost of living (fall)…………… Every year things are more and more expensive. 4.. I (not approve)…………. 12. of your behaviour. We despatch the goods for wholesalers on Sunday mornings. this famous book of Adam Smith. 10. Adam Smith (publish) ………….. 9. My secretary………….. this product costs double this year compared to last year.they (not intend)………… to merge with other cable-TV company. 5. 6. place last summer. 7. 5. 2. 3. Because of inflation. 1.. Every year things are more and more expensive. 26 . Don’t disturb the sales manager. They want to open up a new branch downtown. 2. 3. The cost of living (fall)………………. one of the vice-presidents of “Geruna” concern flew to America last summer.? He would be arrested if he left the country.? Nobody wanted to join you. aşa-i? Stabilirea bugetului pe anul următor se va face în următoarea sesiune a Parlamentului. I heard this company had financial difficulties a month ago. the deputy director told us that the financial situation of our company could improve in a few months’ time. He has worked in this company for the last five years.. 6. nu-i aşa? Stress for correction. We form the interrogative of Past Tense:……………………………………………. *Exception: We form the interrogative of Present Perfect:………………… QUESTION TAGS You didn’t get the loan last year. 4.Ask questions for the underlined words: 1.? Sunteţi un bun organizator. 10. 3. 5. 7. …………….…………? Let’s have a sightseeing tour of the town. ……….? There are ten minutes left.……….? The Manager can’t attend the meeting. The secretary has already typed the report.? Now open the door.………. 2. After discussing with the accountants. nu-i aşa? Aţi analizat punctele forte şi punctele slabe ale acestei companii. ……….nu-i aşa? Nu tot personalul s-a implicat în rezolvarea la timp a acestei probleme. Thompson hired two new assistants a few days ago.……………? This computer has never had a virus. nui aşa? Analiza contabilă a stabilit exact poziţia companiei noastre. 9. nu-i aşa? Această meserie implică multe cunoştinţe şi eforturi. 27 .. The “Comfort Hotel” chain sold part of its assets five years ago.. aşa-i? Pentru a împiedica scăderea valorii monedei naţionale. 8. The annual turnover increased with 7% last year in comparison with the year before. Mrs.………? One can buy really cheap calculators these days. The International hotel won another competition of excellency last year. Mrs Popescu.………. BNR trebuie să ia o serie de măsuri financiare. We did all the assignment last night.………? You haven’t been to Chicago yet. nu-i aşa? Strategia de stabilire a preţurilor nu a fost prezentată la timp. work for today? When I (finish)…….two plane crashes so far... We (be)…….my 23rd phone call last night I (decide)……… to unplug the telephone. in such a hurry last night that we completely (forget) ……… to send the report. These pilots (survive)………. He said that a factory in Germany ……….(to read) them.here for ages! I think he (write)………… this letter of application two weeks ago. My boss tells me that he (not renew)……… my contract from next month. 1.. OR He does not drive a BMW.(to have) time. cry)…. Use the appropriate Mood. “Tell me if you can go”. I work at Jackson Ltd.(to hear) that you speak German”. Here are the papers with all the details. It’s important to find…….” But neyt day I told the manager I wanted to go and he said: “I hoped that you …………(agree)”. look) ………like? Where (be)……. A: Yes. at night when you (be)……… a baby? 10. I……………. do) …….A: He drives a BMW B: He doesn’t drive a BMW. we (leave)………. She (call)…………. he does drive a BMW. Hurry up. 7. They employ 200 workers. the headquarters.(to work) there since 1986. 5.(to want) a specialist for six months. 4. 6. They’ve got en suite bathrooms in all the rooms.you? I (wait)………. He was new so I wondered what he …………. Voice. 4... “I…………(to like) a few days to think about it”. (You. “All right. When I went to see him. 5. 2.in one’s work 28 SATISFY . 3. I ……………. 11. 3. 1. What (you. Let me have them back after you…………. the safe. When I told my friends about it they all said it………… (seem) marvellous. 9. “I……………(to say) yes yet. If I (have)………. finish)………. 12.. You’re having dinner with the Prime Minister.when the bomb exploded? What (the bank robbers. he said “I’d like you to help me with a special project. when the delegation (arrive)…. in five minutes. 8.(to be) like. They stayed in Munich last night. 6. I (open)………. Last week the manager asked me to see him if I ………. 13. She’s working for a PAT Freight Service. ……(You. Tense of the verbs in brackets: 1. He’s got a new job. 2.. Word formation 1. just one more minute. due to these activities. This may have been partly owing to the launch of Ash Grove. Trendsetters Inc. In his dramatic……. based in New York.2. The product was launched in January with widespread advertising on regional radio accompanying the main advertising in selected magazines. which was selling at 20% less than Countrywoman.decided to reduce the number of employees. 6... If I’m not satisfied. I need some…………. The………. We installed a new computerized stock system introduced new packaging with four bars going at 15% discount. In fact. What is the deadline for the……………? 9.from her job made everyone at the company angry. The scarves should sell well if they hit the 29 . The manager’s …………. beating our product by one month. 10. At that time there was more advertising in up-market journals and at points of sale. his………. although our presence later in those outlets almost certainly led to the temporary rise in sales. As Chief Buyer. is a major American clothing retail chain. In February there was some sponsorship of women’s sports events. 3. and as Countrywoman was obviously continuing to lose ground to Ash Grove. was gone. I’ll just write a letter of ………. The closure of heavy industry led to massive………. Inc. It is now November 1. 7. Maggie’s ………. the President informed the workers about the company’s financial difficulties. very briefly this is what happened. you have not previously done business with Island Silks. especially athletics.is totally illegible. In fact. Role-card Chief Buyer . Without going into the details at the moment. Ash Grove was the first to gain acceptance in supermarkets. sales levelled off and started to fall in April. up from just over 50. we developed considerable regional distribution problems. 5.000 a month. and are keen to place an order for 50.. Please help me. By March. 11. sales were running at 75. The rest of the story is well known. MANAGE LONG ASSIST DISMISS SPEAK OPTIMISTIC APPLY SIGN COMPLAIN EMPLOY COMPLEMENTARY MATERIALS Model version for “Countrywoman” The sales curve for Countrywoman shows a classic failure of a product to gain secure entry in the market. You have been quoted a unit price of $ US 50. 4. and you need the goods quickly as you are approaching your peak selling period – the six weeks before Christmas. but these did not result in a rise in sales. but you were very impressed with the silk scarves in their new ‘Miriam Designer Collection’ on show at last month’s Hong Kong Clothing Fair.000 in July. 8. including the cost of insurance and shipping.000 scarves from the collection. a medium-sized clothing manufacturer based in Hong Kong. Trendsetters. we decided temporarily to withdraw the product from the market.000 at the beginning of June to about 70.. with the project. but there was no increase in sales as a result of this effort. The only problem with this contract is its………. As soon as he saw the results of the research tests. Use the following points system as a guide to your priorities. You should try to score as many points as possible. Decisions Delivery date November 15 November 30 December 7 Different patterns 20 15 10 Colours 12 10 6 Terms of Payment By irrevocable letter of credit 90 days presentation 60 days presentation 30 days presentation at sight Discount 4% 3% 2% 1% 0 30 Points 3 2 1 3 2 1 4 3 1 5 3 2 1 5 3 2 1 0 . and you will need to decide your objectives.shelves at the right time and mid-November would be ideal. Your customers like bright colours and intricate patterns and expect to be able to choose from a wide range of designs. negotiating limits and strategy accordingly. making as few concessions as possible – the retail clothing market in the US is highly competitive. Your objective is to negotiate a satisfactory deal. 31 . 32 . 33 . Irregular verbs 34 . 35 . 36 .