Wing Chun1 Wing Chun Wing Chun A wing chun front kick (right) against a turning kick. This illustrates the principles of centerline and simultaneous attack and defence. Also known as Focus Country of origin Creator Famous practitioners Wing Chun, Wing Tsun, Ving Tsun Striking, Trapping China Ng Mui Sum Nung, [1] Yip Man, [2] Bruce Lee, [3] Wing Chun Traditional Chinese Simplified Chinese Literal meaning 詠春拳 咏春拳 fist of spring chant Transcriptions Mandarin - Hanyu Pinyin yǒngchūn quan Cantonese (Yue) - Jyutping Wing6 Ceon1 Kyun4 - Yale Romanization wihng chēun kyùhn Alternative Chinese name Chinese Literal meaning 永春拳 fist of eternal spring Transcriptions Mandarin - Hanyu Pinyin yǒngchūn quan Cantonese (Yue) - Jyutping Wing5 Ceon1 Kyun4 - Yale Romanization wíhng chēun kyùhn (and sometimes substituted with the characters 永 春 "eternal springtime"[4]). is a concept-based Chinese martial art and form of self-defense utilising both striking and grappling while specialising in close-range combat. The alternative characters 永 春 "eternal spring" are also associated with some other southern Chinese martial arts. pinyin: yǒng chūn. (also known as Snake-Crane style).[5][6] 2 History Part of the series on Chinese martial arts List of Chinese martial arts Terms • • • Kung fu (功 夫) Wushu (武 術) Qigong (氣 功) Historical places • • • • • Shaolin Monastery (少 林 寺) Wudang Mountains (武 當 山) Mount Hua (華 山) Mount Emei (峨 嵋 山) Kunlun Mountains (崑 崙 山) Historical people • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Yue Fei Yim Wing-chun (嚴 詠 春) Hung Hei-gun (洪 熙 官) Fong Sai-yuk (方 世 玉) Dong Haichuan (董 海 川) Yang Lu-ch'an (楊 露 禪) Wu Quanyou (吳 全 佑) Ten Tigers of Canton (廣 東 十 虎) Chen Fake (陳 發 科) Chan Heung (陳 享) Wong Fei-hung (黃 飛 鴻) Sun Lu-t'ang (孫 祿 堂) Huo Yuanjia (霍 元 甲) Yip Man (葉 問) Wang Zi-Ping (王 子 平) Famous modern actors • • • Bruce Lee (李 小 龍) Jackie Chan (成 龍) Sammo Hung (洪 金 寶) . literally "spring chant").Wing Chun Wing Chun (Chinese: 詠 春. including Weng Chun Kungfu and White Crane Weng Chun (Yong Chun). also romanised as Ving Tsun or Wing Tsun. Structure is viewed as important. but also for attack. tendon.[9][10] . She soon crosses paths with a Buddhist nun--Ng Mui. including the story of Yim Wing Chun. This perhaps explains why no one has been able to accurately determine the creator or creators of Wing Chun. Balance is related to structure because a well-balanced body recovers more quickly from stalled attacks and structure is maintained. Wing Chun rarely compromises structure for more powerful attacks because this is believed to create defensive openings which may be exploited. arms are positioned across the vitals of the centerline. balls. structure and stance Some Wing Chun practitioners believe that the person with better body structure will win. The common legend as told by Ip Man[7] involves the young woman Yim Wing-chun. Within the stance. Shifting or turning within a stance is carried out variantly on the heels. All attacks and counter-attacks are initiated from this firm. many legends about the creator of Wing Chun were spread to confuse enemies. firm but flexible. Performing Wing Chun's forms such as Chum Kiu or the Wooden Dummy form greatly improve proprioception. (Wing Chun literally means 'forever springtime' or 'praising spring'. Wing Chun favours a high. A correct Wing Chun stance is like a piece of bamboo. The legend goes that Ng Mui taught Yim Wing-Chun a new system of martial art that had been inspired by Ng Mui's observations of a confrontation between a Snake and a Crane. Wing Chun trains the awareness of one's own body movement derived from muscular. which is later named after her. This structure is used to either deflect external forces or redirect them.) at the time after the destruction of the Southern Shaolin Temple and its associated temples by the Qing government: After Wing-Chun rebuffs the local warlord's marriage offer. and asks the nun to teach her boxing. who was one of the Shaolin Sect survivors. Since the system was developed during the Shaolin and Ming resistance to the Qing Dynasty. or aligned so as to be braced against the ground. Yim Wing-Chun there-after marries Leung Bac-Chou and teaches him the style.Wing Chun Yuen Biao (元 彪) Jet Li (李 連 杰) Donnie Yen (甄 子 丹) Man-Cheuk Chiu（ 赵 文 卓 ） Jing Wu（ 吴 京 ） Legendary figures • • • • 3 • • • • • Bodhidharma (菩 提 達 摩) Zhang Sanfeng (張 三 丰) Eight immortals (八 仙) Five Elders (五 祖) Related • • • Hong Kong action cinema Wushu (sport) Wuxia (武 俠) The earliest known mentions of Wing Chun date to the period of Red Boat Opera. When the practitioner is effectively "rooted". the force of the hit is believed to be far more devastating. not only for reasons of defense.[8] Characteristics Balance. stable base. she says she'll reconsider his proposal if he can beat her in a martial art match. or middle (K1 or Kidney 1 point) of the foot depending on lineage. Additionally. rooted but yielding. the practice of "settling" one's opponent to brace them more effectively against the ground aids in delivering as much force as possible to them. and articular sources. narrow stance with the elbows kept close to the body. this then-still nameless style enabled Yim Wing Chun to beat the warlord in a one-on-one fight. Wing Chun techniques are generally "closed". If the arm is tensed. • A tense. the fist is held anywhere from vertical to horizontal (palm side up). Wing Chun practitioners attack within this central area to transmit force more effectively. For example. In Wing Chun. This is very much in the spirit of the tale of Ng Mui. including eyes. another center defined in some lineages and referring to the vertical axis of the human body where the center of gravity lies). The stance and guard all point at or through the center to concentrate physical and mental intent of the entire body to the one target. • Unnecessary muscle tension wastes energy and causes fatigue. the interpretation of the centerline concept itself is not. although these punches may appear to be superficially different they are simply the result of the punch beginning from a different origin position while following the same fundamental idea.Wing Chun 4 Relaxation Softness (via relaxation) and performing techniques in a relaxed manner. footwork is used. the fist is swiveled at the wrist on point of impact so that the bottom three knuckles are thrust forward adding power to the punch while it is at maximum extension. as well as compromising the striker's position. . with some lineages defining anywhere from a single "centerline" to multiple lines of interaction and definition. to punch in a straight line following the shortest distance between the fist and the opponent. stiff limb provides an easy handle for an opponent to push or pull with. A large emphasis and time investment in training Chi Sao exercise emphasizes positioning to dominate this centerline. stiff arms are less fluid and sensitive during trapping and chi sao. the vertical fist straight punch is the most common strike in Wing Chun. Muscles act in pairs in opposition to each other (e. Many variations exist. to the middle two knuckles. the principle of simultaneous attack and defense (Lin Sil Die Dar) suggests that all movements in the Siu Nim Tau with a forward execution flow into a strike if no effective resistance is met. The human body's prime striking targets are considered to be on or near this line. without need for recomposure. is fundamental to Wing Chun. However. but focused. • Tense. the arm should be relaxed before beginning the punching motion. to the bottom three knuckles. maximum punching speed cannot be achieved as the biceps will be opposing the extension of the arm. Minimum brute strength in all movement becomes an equalizer in uneven strength confrontations. with the limbs drawn in to protect the central area and also to maintain balance. Centerline While the existence of a "central axis" concept is unified in Wing Chun. The contact points also vary from the top two knuckles. Punches Because of the emphasis on the center line. with the hands crossed at the wrists. Other explicit examples of punches can be found in the Chum Kiu and Bil Jee forms. Depending on the lineage. limb affords the ability to feel "holes" or weaknesses in the opponent's structure (see Sensitivity section). • Tension reduces punching speed and power. The vertical punch is the most basic and fundamental in Wing Chun and is usually thrown with the elbow down and in front of the body. striking an opponent's shoulder will twist the body. dispelling some of the force and weakening the strike. Striking closer to the center transmits more force directly into the body. In some lineages of Wing Chun. The most commonly seen interpretation emphasizes attack and defense along an imaginary horizontal line drawn from the center of the practitioner's chest to the center of the enemy's chest. In most circumstances. With the correct forwarding these "holes" grant a path into attacking the opponent. nose.g. To reach outside this area. biceps and triceps). since it targets the "core center" (or "mother line". the hands do not move beyond the vertical circle that is described by swinging the arms in front. solar plexus and groin. whereas a relaxed limb provides an opponent less to work with. • A relaxed. • Muscular struggle reduces a fight to who is stronger. throat. and therefore has more impact. as opposed to the butt end of the bat being thrust forward into the opponent's face (wing chun punch). With each successive punch. • Alignment & Structure. Wing Chun is often criticized for encouraging weaker punches that do not utilise the whole body.Wing Chun The punches may be thrown in quick succession in a "straight blast" or "chain punching". and his body as the "hammer". Other kicks include a stamping kick (Mook Jong) for very close range and a sweep performed with the heel in a circular fashion. Variations on a front kick are performed striking with the heel. A common demonstration of this is the "one-inch punch". This is a desirable trait to a Wing Chun practitioner because it promotes use of the entire body structure to generate power. Wing Chun punches are delivered using Fa Jing. the rebound of a horizontal punch uses only the arm to strike. 5 Kicks Kicks can be explicitly found in the Chum Kiu and Mook Jong forms. a punch that starts only an inch away from the target yet delivers an explosive amount of force. The elbow is kept low to cover the front midsection of the body. The punch travels straight towards the target from the guard position (hands are held in front of the chest). In this elbow-out position the hinge-structure directs force outwards along the limb producing torque in the puncher's body. as per the formal name of the punch (which is translated as "The Sun-character Rushing Punch (or Hammer in Cantonese)"). this kick can also become a knee at close range. the vertical punch is thus more suitable. This kick is usually used as a finisher at closer range. It is more difficult for an opponent to execute an elbow lock/break when the elbow occupies this position. with legs being used to check incoming kicks or to take the initiative in striking through before a more circular kick can land. targeting anywhere between the ribs and the back of the knee. This aids in generating power by use of the entire body structure rather than only the arm to strike. which would cause far more damage than a glancing hit and is not as easy to evade. A common analogy is a baseball bat being swung at someone's head (a round-house punch). Traditionally. Every kick is both an attack and defence. Kicks are delivered in one movement directly from the stance without chambering/cocking. A roundhouse kick is performed striking with the shin in a similar manner to the Muay Thai version with most of the power coming from the body pivot. Because of Wing Chun's usage of stance. or a pivot may be involved with the foot and knee on a plane at an angle (Mook Jong). vertical nature of the punch allows a practitioner to absorb the rebound of the punch by directing it through the elbows and into the stance. . the practitioner would step in closer and closer to the opponent. it can be used as a disorienting finisher. Many skilled practitioners pride themselves on being able to generate "short power" or large amount of power in a short space. a short burst of energy in which the arm is momentarily tensed at the conclusion of the strike. Also with the elbow down. it is thereby supported by the strength of the entire body rather than just a swinging fist. kicks are kept below the waist. driving the fists forward as a hammer drives a nail. The limb directly in front of the chest. in contrast to northern systems which utilize many high kicks. This is characteristic of southern Chinese martial arts. The punch is not "loaded" by pulling the elbow behind the body. • Strength and Impact. Wing Chun practitioners believe that because the elbow is behind the fist during the strike. When executed correctly. The body may be square and the knee and foot are vertical on contact (Chum Kiu). Depending on lineage. a beginner is often introduced to basic kicking before learning the appropriate form. it offers less opening for the body to be attacked while the forearm and punch intercept space towards the head and upper body. At short distances this can become a knee. This concept is similar to impact loading in engineering. a practitioner typically would thrust his full body weight towards his opponent. Wing Chun favours the vertical punch for several reasons: • Directness. • Protection. Whereas. though some have made interpretations of small leg movements in the Siu Nim Tau and Bil Jee to contain information on kicking as well. elbow down. However. with the fist as the "nail". If the attack fails.Wing Chun 6 Uncommitted techniques Wing Chun techniques are uncommitted. firmly ingraining the cardinal tools for interception and adaptation.Yip Man Close range Wing Chun teaches practitioners to advance quickly and strike at close range. if the correct techniques are applied. a shorter person with a shorter range can defeat a larger person by getting inside his range and attacking him close to his body. and 3) sensitivity training and combination techniques. This means that if the technique fails to connect. he or she becomes immobile. Chained vertical punches are a common Wing Chun identifier. Training through Chi Sao with a training partner. According to Wing Chun theory. in contrast to one big attack. these attacks. Empty hand . Trapping skills and sensitivity The Wing Chun practitioner develops reflexes within the searching of unsecured defenses through use of sensitivity. The most commonly seen Wing Chun generally comprises six forms: three empty hand forms. Any punches or kicks can be strung together to form a "chain" of attacks. one practices the trapping of hands. one "wooden dummy" form. This also means that there are a few different ideas concerning what constitutes progression in the curriculum from form to form. standing. the practitioner's position or balance is less affected. balance. 2) fundamental arm cycles and changes. Chinese philosophy: "Greet what arrives. relaxation and sensitivity. so only a general description of overlap between different schools of thought is possible here. Forms also train the practitioner in the fundamental movement and the correct force generation of Wing Chun. Depending on lineage. This means that theoretically. It is from the forms and san sik that all Wing Chun techniques are derived. break down the opponent gradually causing internal damage. escort what leaves and rush upon loss of contact". and stepping drills. San Sik (translated as Separate Forms) are compact in structure. Curriculum Forms and san sik Forms are meditative. the focus. All Wing Chun techniques permit this. and two weapons forms. many Wing Chun practitioners practice "entry techniques"—getting past an opponent's kicks and punches to bring him within range of Wing Chun's close range repertoire. content and intent of each form can have distinct differences which can therefore have far reaching implications. the practitioner is able to "flow" easily into a follow-up attack. solitary exercises which develop self-awareness. turning. They can be loosely grouped into three broad categories: 1) focus on building body structure through basic punching. While the Wing Chun forward kick can be considered a long range technique. When an opponent is "trapped". such as when the practitioner is seriously injured. the dummy is not a physical representation of a human. Yale Cantonese: sám kìuh. is composed of extreme short-range and extreme long-range techniques. pinyin: 橋 xún qiáo. Although representative of a human opponent. a thick wooden post with three arms and a leg mounted on a slightly springy frame representing a stationary human opponent.Wing Chun 7 小 Siu Nim Tao (小 念 頭. low kicks and sweeps. this form provides the engine to the car. but an energetic one. Such movements include very close range elbow strikes and finger thrusts to the throat. For branches who use the "sinking bridge" interpretation. It also teaches methods of recovering position and centerline when in a compromised position where Siu Nim Tao structure has been lost. 鏢 Biu Tze (鏢 指. "little practice"). A common wing chun saying is "Biu Jee doesn't go out the door. xiǎo liàn tóu. It serves basically as the alphabet for the system. It is here that the open hand forms are pieced together and understood as a whole. Some branches view the symmetrical stance as the fundamental fighting stance. and footwork. For some branches this is the turbo-charger of the car. Siu Lim Tao is the foundation or "seed" of the art from [11] which all succeeding forms and techniques depend. The second form. "wooden dummy") The Muk Yan Jong form is performed against a "wooden dummy". whether it be from pivoting (rotational) or stepping (translational). positions. developed in Chum Kiu. Yale Cantonese: bìu jí. Biu Jee. Using a car analogy: for some branches this would provide the chassis. and most important form in Wing Chun. Alternately "sinking bridge" pinyin: chen qiáo. Still other branches view this form as imparting deadly "killing" and maiming techniques that should never be used if you can help it. a third degree of freedom involving more upper body and stretching is developed for more power. For others it can be seen as a "pit stop" kit that should never come in to play. and "emergency techniques" to counter-attack when structure and centerline have been seriously [17] compromised." Some interpret this to mean the form should be kept secret. Chum Kiu. Yale Cantonese: síu lihn tàuh. while others see it as more a training stance used in developing [14] technique. For some branches bodyweight in striking is a central theme. Likewise for some branches. The third form. Yale Cantonese: cham4 kiu4. the form takes on more emphasis of an "uprooting" context adding multi-dimensional movement and spiraling to the already developed engine. others interpret it as meaning it should never be used if you can help it. "little idea" or "little imagination") or Siu Lim Tao (小 練 頭.) The first. recovering your "engine" when it has been lost. "seeking the bridge". Yale Cantonese: síu 頭 nihm tàuh. pinyin: biāo 指 zhǐ. pinyin: 樁 mùrénzhuāng. Close-range attacks using the elbows and knees are also developed here. The Hong Kong wall mounted version of the Wooden Dummy . As well as pivoting and stepping. Wooden dummy practice aims to refine a practitioner's understanding of angles. for others this is [13] the engine. "darting fingers") Wooden dummy 木 Muk Yan Jong (木 人 人 樁. xiǎo 念 niàn tóu. 尋 Chum Kiu (尋 橋. focuses on coordinated movement of bodymass and entry techniques to "bridge [15][16] the gap" between practitioner and opponent and move in to disrupt their structure and balance. Yale Cantonese: muhk yàhn jòng. and to develop full body power. Fundamental rules of balance and body structure are [12] developed here. Sup Saam Sao ("Thirteen Hands"). Weapons Once correct force generation in the open-handed forms is achieved. Luk Sao participants push and "roll" their forearms against each other in a single circle while trying to remain relaxed. the student is ready to progress to weapons. the idea is to be able to extend that force further to the end of a weapon as an extension of the body. using the same principles. and Biu Jee of other families. Chui Da ("Chase Striking"). A form involving a pair of large "Butterfly Knives". 8 六 點 半 棍 Luk Dim Boon Kwun. 八 斬 刀 Also known as Yee Jee Seung Do ("Parallel Shape Double Knives") and Baat Jaam Do (Eight Chopping/Slashing Knives"). lau-flowing) are used throughout the unarmed combat as well. Cantonese chi1 sau². and drills used for the development of automatic reflexes upon contact and the idea of "sticking" to the opponent. these weapons forms can be used as an exercise to strengthen the forearms and wrists even further. lan-to expand. Jin Jeung ("Arrow Palm"). 13 feet in length. momentum and "feel". so they are not part of the current curriculum. Jin Kuen ("Arrow Fist"). his skill with them could not compare to Yuen Kay San's. thereby training each other to sense changes in body mechanics. kit-deflect. Chum Kiu. With the open hand forms delivering force to the end of the finger tips. Also referred to as "Dragon Pole" by some branches. According to Sum Nung. For some branches that use "Six and A Half Point Pole". got-cut down. Leung Ting demonstrating the Long Pole The Yuen Kay-San/Sum Nung branch also historically trained throwing darts (Biu). dim-shock. Also. a few family styles of Wing-Chun (especially those coming from the "Hong Sun Hay Ban Tong" (Red Boat/Junk Opera Society) have a combination advanced form called. The aim is to feel forces. Fa Kuen ("Variegated Fist"). Historically the knives were also referred to as Dit Ming Do ("Life-Taking Knives"). Other branches do a version of this where each of the arms roll in small separate circles. wan-circle. The name six and a half point pole comes from these 7 principles. pressure. quickly and with the appropriate technique.Wing Chun Forms Both the Way Yan (Weng Chun) and Nguyễn Tế-Công branches use different curricula of empty hand forms. where he taught a curriculum of San Sik. In Wing Chun this is practiced through two practitioners maintaining contact with each other's forearms while executing techniques. slightly smaller than short swords (Dao). "Saam Baai Fut" (3 Bows to Buddha) which includes many flow/leak techniques from all of the first 'standard' 6 forms. test resistances and find defensive gaps. Also. This increased sensitivity gained from this drill helps a practitioner attack and counter an opponent's movements precisely. Term for the principle. The Tam Yeung and Fung Sang lineages both trace their origins to Leung Jan's retirement to his native village of Gu Lao. and Chi Sao Lung ("Sticking Hands Set"). The other major forms of the style are Sui Da ("Random Striking"). or Flowing counting as half a point. Chi Sao additionally refers to methods of rolling hands drills (Luk Sao). Chi sao Chi Sao (Chinese 黐 手. with the last principle:Lau. . Joy Kuen ("Drunken Fist"). Mandarin chǐshǒu) or "sticking hands". their 7 principles of Luk Dim Boon Kwun(Tai-uprooting. or "Long Pole"— a tapered wooden pole ranging anywhere from 8 to "Six and A Half Point Pole". The Siu Lien Tao (Little First Training) of Cho Ga Wing Chun is one long form that includes movements that are comparative to a combination of Siu Nim Tao. Also.[19] In popular culture Donnie Yen has also caused tremendous impact in the martial arts world through his various films. is named as one of "The Three Great Martial Art Schools of the South". In some lineages (such as the Yip Man and Jiu Wan branches). the Mook-Wan is used for training the wrists and forearms. and to instruct the student in "flow" from technique to technique." is the lower-body equivalent of the upper body's Chi-sao training. it should not be confused with sparring/fighting. is another.Wing Chun Luk Sao is most notably taught within the Pan Nam branches where both the larger rolling drills and the method where each of the arms roll in small separate circles are taught. each practitioner uses one hand from the same side as they face each other. Yen is widely credited by many as the person responsible in popularizing the traditional martial arts system known as Wing Chun. which was a huge box office success . because students are busy concentrating on upper body movements. Southern martial art Wing Chun. which originated and became popular in Southern China. An approximately 10 inch to 14 inch ring made of bamboo or ratan (some schools use a "metal" ring (progressively)). Chi Sao drills begin with one-armed sets called Dan Chi Sao which help the novice student to get the feel of the exercise. This has led to a tremendous increase in the numbers of people taking up Wing Chun. many will usually not place the emphasis required in the lower body. 9 Chi gerk "Sticking-legs. other schools just train techniques and strategies without a formulated "set" pattern. Donnie Yen played the role of Wing Chun Grandmaster in the 2008 movie.[21] . re-defining the genre of action films. Also Jook Wan Huen (bamboo link ring). Chi Sao is a sensitivity drill to obtain specific responses. Ip Man. they are usually harder to relax during drills. the eldest son of Ip Man even mentioned that he is grateful to Donnie Yen for making his family art popular and allowing his father's legacy to be remembered. allowing hundreds of new Wing Chun schools to be opened up in Mainland China and other notable parts of Asia. though it can be practiced or expressed in a combat form. An actual "form" set-up in some schools. somewhat rare training-tool in some families of Wing-chun. Mook Wan "Wooden Ring".[18] It is the world's most popular form of Southern Kung Fu. Because the legs are stronger. in over 64 countries.[20] Ip Chun. together with Hung Gar and Choi Lei Fut. Global spread Wing Chun is practiced globally. Chi-gerk is first experienced by way of various strength and conditioning drills. and a great deal of strength and conditioning is experienced prior to continuing. Hong Kong: Leung's Publications. cebridge. html) [15] The Forms of Wing Chun Kuen Kung Fu | Reading Academy Wing Chun & Kali (http:/ / www.google. com. co. ISBN 0-8048-3141-6. Retrieved on 2012-01-14. Retrieved 2010-02-06. Ritchie. html) [19] Kung Fu Magazine's Description of Wing Chun (http:/ / ezine. "Wing Chun Concepts" (http://www. com/ modules. • Leung Ting (1978). Boston: Tuttle Publishing. Wing Tsun Kuen. bc. Retrieved on 2012-01-14. co. com/ ) [7] Translation of Ip Man's account of Wing Chun's History (http:/ / www. teamwingchun. Books. com/ ) [6] Yong Chun White Crane Kung Fu (http:/ / www. . bc. Rene. Retrieved 2010-02-06. kwokwingchun. vtmuseum. com/ martialarts2. . & Wu. uk/ forms. Michael Tse – Google Books (http:/ / books. google. yongchunbaihechuen. [10] "Integrative Wing Chun" (http:/ / ezine. google. [2] Complete Wing Chun: The Definitive Guide to Wing Chun's History and Traditions – Robert Chu. ca/ HiddenPowerOfSNT_remix. com/ books?id=t36y4sRDkWMC& pg=PA31& dq=sum+ nung+ wing+ chun& hl=en& ei=gdwkTrjjNoLo0QG2uZyxCg& sa=X& oi=book_result& ct=result& resnum=1& ved=0CDgQ6AEwAA#v=onepage& q=sum nung wing chun& f=false). Books.com (1998-06-15). youtube. Y. htm) [18] Orange County Wing Chun FAQ's (http:/ / www. uk/ history-family-tree) [8] The Secret History of Wing Chun: The Truth Revealed (http:/ / home. Wu – Google Books (http:/ / books. • Ritchie. tstvingtsun. René Ritchie.Wing Chun 10 References [1] Complete Wing Chun: The Definitive Guide to Wing Chun's History and Traditions – Robert Chu. [11] The Simple Basics of a Complex Art – By Michel Boulet (http:/ / www. Complete Wing Chun: The Definitive Guide to Wing Chun's History and Traditions.com (1998-06-15). php) [16] Ving Tsun Martial Arts Studio – Training (http:/ / www. – By Benny Meng and Alfredo Delbrocco [9] "Rediscovering the Roots of Wing Chun" (http:/ / ezine. ca/ Training. com. php?article=249). Y. ocwingchun. Rene. php?s=963c365569b1f8ccf0f1c75173df7325& f=1) [20] Ip Chun (葉 準). com/ forum/ forumdisplay. com/ magazine/ article. Books. html) [17] City Wing Chun – Training Notes (http:/ / www. Rene.wingchunkuen.html). html) [14] martialarts2 (http:/ / www. zaobao. "What's in a name?" (http:/ / www. htm) [12] Wing Chun Stance by Jim Fung (http:/ / wingchun. kungfumagazine. org/ articles/ meng/ truthrevealed. Retrieved on 2012-01-14. wingchunkuen. com/ articles/ michel-boulet-simple-basics. au/ media/ wing-chun-articles/ wing-chun-kung-fu-articles-essays-theory/ wing-chun-stance-article-guide-how-to-grandmaster-jim-fung) [13] The Hidden Power of Siu Nim Tau by Tsui Sheung Tin (http:/ / www.google. Rene Ritchie. Kung Fu Magazine. richhealthandwellness.com/sumnung/articles/ article_ritchie03_concepts. google. shtml) Sources • Chu. [3] Wing Chun Kung Fu: Traditional Chinese King Fu for Self-Defense and Health – Ip Chun. Y.google. com/ 2009/ 01/ orange-county-wing-chun-faqs. php). com/ watch?v=y6oPgV0tJrM) [21] 叶 问 之 子 叶 准 否 认 和 甄 子 丹 闹 不 合 | 联 合 早 报Singapore (http:/ / stars. wcarchive. kungfumagazine. Complete Wing Chun: The Definitive Guide to Wing Chun's History and Traditions and Ritchie. com. (1998). php?name=News& file=article& sid=4) [5] Weng Chun Kung Fu (http:/ / weng-chun. [4] 永 春 in usage : Leung Ting. Wu. Wu – Google Books (http:/ / books. Roots and Branches of Wing Tsun and Robert Chu. . com/ magazine/ article. php?article=141). au/ wongwebsite/ kwoon/ BiuJi. ISBN 962-7284-01-7. Robert. sg/ pages9/ zhenzidan100520. Kung Fu Magazine. Y.com. com/ books?id=t36y4sRDkWMC& pg=PA4& dq=yip+ man+ wing+ chun& hl=en& ei=sNwkTtzHE-L30gHG8sS7Cg& sa=X& oi=book_result& ct=result& resnum=1& ved=0CEYQ6AEwAA#v=onepage& q=yip man wing chun& f=false). 84yo wing chun legend | YOUTUBE VIDEO (http:/ / www. com/ books?id=VrU_4f34q9YC& pg=PA52& dq=bruce+ lee+ notable+ wing+ chun& hl=en& ei=L9wkTt-2D-a00AGB-uXfCg& sa=X& oi=book_result& ct=result& resnum=2& ved=0CDMQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage& q& f=false). tstvingtsun. René Ritchie. kungfumagazine. Donkeydonkeydonkeydonkey.Article Sources and Contributors 11 Article Sources and Contributors Wing Chun Source: http://en. Igoldste.0 Unported //creativecommons. BakFuSifuARV. Blanchardb. Autodidaktor. Image:Ting pole. HSL.php?title=File:Ting_pole. Olivier. Dswong. Tarkovsky. Ngmuisi. Consultfchun.. IanBreen. DaiBakLung..jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Rpf. 63. N419BH. Angela. Womble bee. Lau Kar-Yung. Phil Winstanley. Aarchiba.0/ . Thadius856. Pacobob. RaktaGauraKalevara. Sekabin. 200. Clovis Sangrail. Ilovecake2008.jpg Source: http://en. Cmdrjameson. Damirgraffiti. Apocalyptic Destroyer. Jason Leach. Dominus. Kowloonese. DarkCryst. Soangry. Stevecook777. CLW. Night of the Big Wind.wikipedia. Epbr123. Mariachi50. Graham87.jpg License: GNU Free Documentation License Contributors: at en. Aaron Schulz. Smsarmad. 14p mkaef. Me2hero. Huaiwei.wikipedia. Sevela. EagleFan. Malo. LiDaobing.org/w/index. Ohconfucius. Lawrencekhoo. Tonytypoon. Simonm223. AdamWilliss. Thamesbank. Leonard G. Werckmeister. Ottawakungfu. Mboverload. Instantnood. Yuenkitmun. Photodude. Xargque. 1115 anonymous edits Image Sources. Conversion script. 蛇 鶴 詠 春. Magister Mathematicae.255. Cyrius. Megaboz. Aardark. Ampers&Amper&. VNAF Ace. Leopheard. Kwamikagami.wikipedia. Jazzwick.jpg Source: http://en. Reach Out to the Truth. Liquidmetalrob. JoeMarfice. Seaphoto. Mparsonteacher. Ronstar111. Coffee Atoms. PRehse.137. Woohookitty. RevolverOcelotX. That Guy. Carleas. GregorB. Lglvtkf.org/w/index.wikipedia. Sverdrup. . Graphik. LightOfWisom. Arnold777. Guardian Tiger. Bookandcoffee. Freakmighty. Jiang. Rpf. HenryLi. OlEnglish. Stevenprica. Frogular. Kachaitam. R'n'B.83. Wikipelli. Kungkang. Sifu d. Heroeswithmetaphors. Bluez4u2. Rudjek. GD 6041. Wingchun2. Madchester. Spoon!. Ckessler. Asc85. Bigtophat. Cwidhelm. Millahnna. Aamb5512. Kmhkmh. Medains. Dblanchard. LonerXL. Eric Douglas Statzer. Templarion. Glenn Magus Harvey. Takunr3. PierreLafond. John. Reedy. DeltaQuad. Tarotcards. JFD. Sara yeung. Piano non troppo. DarKnEs5 WaRrí0r. Vugluskr. DocWatson42. Lucky 6. DHN. Chalst. Amir3dmax. Bobo192. Irønie. ZIM. Lim-yc. Aff123a.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia. CommonsDelinker. RepublicanJacobite. Gaius Cornelius. 2 anonymous edits File:Flag of the People's Republic of China. Moroboshi. Publius314. LondonWingChun. MitsuSC. Mav. MementoVivere. Dwanyewest.xxx. Dralithi. Catgut.(code). Bobet. Leptonoggin.. Jolenine. Richardsargent. BillFlis. Harcalion.wikipedia. Lancswingchun. Mind meal. Allanzhang10. Tarvindergill. Neofuzzy.php?title=File:Wingchun. Shawnc. Aeontech. Jeff G. Koonleg50. ArglebargleIV. Peteryeung. Amccarri. 1 anonymous edits Image:Mu_ren_zhuang_(Chinese_martial_arts_training_dummy). Samurai1882. Sannse. Bryan Derksen. Mikhailov Kusserow. From That Show!. Beetstra. Liftarn. RaGnaRoK SepHír0tH.php?oldid=484114091 Contributors: (aeropagitica). Alanmak. Black Knight takes White Queen. Ligulem. JimVC3. Staringispolite.svg License: Public Domain Contributors: Drawn by User:SKopp. TigerShark. Drhouse17. Mani1. Scottalter. Cinco Terro.org/w/index. Wikieditor06.192. Wildmanfan. Pecoc. Camw. redrawn by User:Denelson83 and User:Zscout370 Recode by cs:User:-xfi. Habj. Hathawayc. Danny. Miciah. Ming Dak Ka Mat.php?title=File:Mu_ren_zhuang_(Chinese_martial_arts_training_dummy). Vrenator. Claim1. Ksfkay. Kedadi. Helohe. Dragondreams. Finerion. 1101agaoj. DanielBne. DanAkins. Mellery. Rossen3. Vaganyik. Chinmoku. Gurokevin. GeoWingChun. Delldot. Jksusi. Cjrother. Chensiyuan. Wragge. Far7anR. Pundit. Yaoleilei. Vasiľ. Elk949. SarahStierch. Menchi. Sherool.svg Source: http://en. Frank Shearar. Terrence528. Kaiser jkd. WT guy. Splarn crixpen. Subdolous. Khackenbeck. Tingsiuli. Licenses and Contributors Image:Wingchun. Martialarm. Design. Dycedarg. Nettlehead. Topsaint. JJL. Kaiwanxiao. Euchiasmus. BokicaK. Martarius. THEN WHO WAS PHONE?. GreatWhiteNortherner.wikipedia. Tobias Hoevekamp.JPG Source: http://en. Wgungfu. RJaguar3. RyanGerbil10.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Rpf License Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3. Krist Rea. Belovedfreak. Steven Walling. Ellywa. Shelper. Utheran. WingChunSifuARV. Kaplan Wing Chun.org/w/index. Yunshui. Aikibum. Constantinosports. Issovia. Dazed But Not Confused. Wintran. Academic Challenger. Quadell. Benekos.V.xxx. Cforrester101. Redrebel108. Tbhotch.org/w/index.JPG License: GNU Free Documentation License Contributors: Millevache. Furio. WikiTuxedo. Clam61. Jfjkdc. Jonjames1986. Ghewgill. 47. Cantonwingchun. Maghypman. Onessun. Wiki bloodaxe. KnowledgeAndVision. Frostbyte. Esemono. SineSwiper. Hewinsj. PamD. Regancy42. Utcursch. Bradeos Graphon. Sam Francis. Beastmouth. Saxifrage. Kim Bruning. Kungfu05.83. Arraes. Nate1481. Da Vynci. Us441. Dbachmann. LordJohn VII. Capricorn42.daniel. SunCreator.107. Pethol. Lightdarkness. Philbeer. Yunfeng.org/w/index.php?title=File:Shaolinsi.org/licenses/by-sa/3.php?title=File:Flag_of_the_People's_Republic_of_China. Joyson Prabhu. Fvw. Vyvial. PseudointelLexual. GoatGod. Laserai. NotoriousSIG. RockOfVictory. User:Shizhao (colors) Image:Shaolinsi. Lemuel Gulliver. Janggeom. Engchunkun.p. LesnarMMA. Master of the Oríchalcos. HarmonicSphere. Spencer195. Gabbe. Morinae. JBsupreme. Martialedge.9. Gary Lee Stewart. Aureliano.xxx.