What causes unemployment in the Philippines?In: Unemployment [Edit categories] http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_causes_unemployment_in_the_Philippines The more probable cause of unemployment in the Philippines is the unavailability of jobs provided. With a growing population of about a 8 million, millions needed jobs and only few can sure provide one. The lack of investors and businesses that could provide good jobs for the Filipino people is one key factor in the growing unemployment in the Philippines. But probably, one cause of unemployment in the Philippines may be lack of education. With the increasing demands of the fast developing world, it is really hard to find jobs when you are not a graduate of a particular skill or course. Though the Philippines is a literate country, its not enough to be able to reach the qualifications of most in-demand jobs because even mere sales ladies nowadays are required to have at least 1-2 years in college. We are facing a competitive world and its a must to reach the norms of development. Thus, a high educational attainment, which most Filipinos lack, is one way to uplift the unemployment rate of the country. EMPLOYMENT AND LABOR RELATIONS Philippines Table of Contents A high rate of population growth, lack of access to land, insufficient job creation in industry, and a history of inappropriate economic policies contributed to high unemployment and underemployment and a relatively high proportion of the labor force being in low-productivity, service sector jobs in the late 1980s. Real wages were low, having declined at about 3 percent per year since 1960, and relatively weak labor unions were unable to substantially affect the deterioration of workers' earning power. Labor Force and Employment Population growth averaged 2.9 percent from 1965 to 1980 and 2.5 percent in the late 1980s. While more than 40 percent of the population was below fifteen years of age, the growth of the working-age population--those fifteen years of age and older--was even more rapid than total population growth. In the 1980s, the working-age population grew by 2.7 percent annually. In addition, the labor force participation largely because of the increase in the proportion of women entering the work force. and low wages. Informal sector occupations were characterized by low productivity. increased drastically following the economic crises of the early 1980s. Manufacturing industry was not able to make up the difference. down from 60 percent in 1960. perforce. transportation. unemployment in mid-1990.rate--the proportion of working-age people who were in the labor force-rose approximately 5 percentage points during the 1980s. Cebu. and older people. who were relatively well educated and not heads of households. transportation. employed only approximately 45 percent of the work force in 1990. Unemployment. Manufacturing's share of employed people remained stable at about 12 percent in 1990. Urban areas fared worse. modest fixed assets. became the residual employer.4 percent. accounting for almost 40 percent of the work force in 1988 as contrasted with 25 percent in 1960. and a host of private and public services). monitoring. The service sector (commerce. According to a 1988 study of urban poor in Metro Manila. which had provided most employment. In the first half of the 1980s. repair work. a consequence of the highly concentrated control of productive assets and the inadequate number of work places created by investment in the industrial economy. The size and growth of the service sector was one indicator. and personal services." because of the lack of record keeping by its enterprises and a relative freedom from government regulation. Agriculture. inexperienced entrants into the labor force. Such endeavors are often referred to as the "informal sector. long hours of work. for example. which had averaged about 4. Beyond the unemployment generated from economic mismanagement and crises was a more long-term. Underemployment was another. So the actual labor force grew by 750. approximately 20 percent of male household heads and 35 percent of . structural employment problem. finance. more than half of the respondents engaged in informal sector work as their primary income-generating activity. less educated. Underemployment has been predominantly a problem for poor. remained above 15 percent in Metro Manila. Much of this growth was in small-scale enterprises or self-employment activities such as hawking and vending.5 percent during the 1970s. The unemployed have tended to be young. and Davao cities published in the Philippine Economic Journal. peaking in early 1989 at 11. or reporting.000 people or approximately 4 percent each year during the 1980s. 4 million.500 in 1965 to more than 25.500 in 1975 to 385.6 billion. 3. The average stay abroad was 3. elsewhere. The number of seamen also increased. If so. From the late 1940s through the 1970s.3 years for seamen. and transport and equipment workers or operators. to almost 86. as well as service workers. The total number of placements abroad from 1980 through 1988. Most of those emigrating were professionals and their families. the majority were production. Overseas migration absorbed a significant amount of Philippine labor. Government statistics show that overseas placements of landbased workers increased from 12.000 in 1988. The Philippine Overseas Employment Administration consolidated responsibility for regulating overseas land-based workers and seamen.1 years for land-based workers and 6. Inasmuch as wages paid for overseas contract work have been a multiple of what Filipinos could earn at home.female household heads were unable to find more than forty days of work a quarter. quite a different flow of migration developed: most emigrants were workers engaged in contract work in the Middle East and. a growth rate of about 30 percent per annum. Remittances through the banking system for the period 1983 to 1988 totaled approximately US$4. professionals. migrants were largely Filipino members of the United States armed services.2 million. In the 1970s and 1980s.000 in 1970. The Central Bank estimated that remittances passing through "informal channels" might be as much as twice the documented figure. the number of United States immigrant visas issued to Filipinos increased dramatically from approximately 2. In 1982 the Philippine Overseas Employment Administration was established in the Ministry of Labor and Employment. construction. making them the largest Asian community in the United States. as well as adjudicating complaints and conflicts.500 in 1975. By 1990 Filipino-Americans numbered 1. export of labor would be . An increasing number also were merchant seamen. The agency also was tasked with promoting employment opportunities abroad for Filipinos. and relatives of those who had previously migrated. from 23. to a lesser extent. After liberalization of the United States Immigration and Nationality Act in October 1965. an amount equal to 14 percent of merchandise exports during the same period. supervising recruitment. was about one-half the growth in the country's labor supply during that period. such employment opportunities have been in great demand. Overseas employment created two benefits for the economy: jobs and foreign exchange. Although some were professionals.000 in 1988. " Going beyond collective bargaining. In 1987 only 350. she had the backing of a wide . The right to strike was partially restored in 1976. strikes were forbidden or severely limited. militant. for a short while. it was designated the official labor center of the Philippines by the Marcos government. and nationalist unionism. Formed in December 1974. The Marcos labor code of 1974 made arbitration compulsory. Another labor organization. or the May First Movement. The Aquino government took a somewhat more liberal approach to labor. but some of the structures of the Marcos period remained.000 unions. When Aquino came into office in 1986. These workers were organized into some 2. but with considerable restrictions. was formed in July 1980. except for setting up a commission in 1970 to supervise the fixing of minimum wages. Although TUCP supported Marcos. bringing together nine broadly based. and. For most of the martial law period (1972-81). The Labor Advisory and Consultative Council (LACC).2 million Filipinos were part of the union movement. Organized labor in the Philippines has been relatively weak. Labor Relations From independence in 1946 until martial law was declared in 1972. the Kilusang Mayo Uno (KMU).the largest single earner of foreign exchange.000 workers were covered by collective bargaining agreements. concerned primarily with the collective bargaining process. more ideologically oriented unions. drew the various factions of the labor movement together to advise the Ministry of Labor and Employment. The KMU was more openly political. involved itself minimally in labor relations. Membership in LACC included the KMU. half of which were not connected to a national union or federation. the TUCP. In 1986 it was estimated that about 2. the government encouraged collective bargaining and. formed at the onset of the Aquino administration in 1986 by then Labor Minister Agusto Sanchez. Lakas Ng Manggagawa Labor Center. The largest union body was the Trade Union Congress of the Philippines (TUCP). the KMU called for the formation of worker solidarity movements and advocated a nationalist-oriented alternative to the prevailing economic and social policies of the government. the Federation of Free Workers. accounting for approximately 20 percent of the wage-andsalary work force or 10 percent of the total labor force. projecting itself as a proponent of "genuine. it represented itself as a proponent of nonpolitical unionism. The two major union centers represented sharply different visions of the role of unions in society. and 1990. including those affiliated with labor unions. Aquino presented a package of labor-law reforms. 1989. widespread during the Marcos era. The government also imprisoned the leader of the KMP. however. The pledges were rethought. Old charges of slander and fraud dating back to 1967 and 1971 were revived against Beltran. modified in some cases. In 1990 the government charged two KMU labor leaders with sedition: Medardo Roda. the KMU led a series of general strikes in response to dramatic increases in the prices of petroleum products. the army opened fire on a march of the Peasant Movement of the Philippines (Kilusang Magbubukid ng Pilipinas--KMP) and their supporters who were protesting the lack of government action on land reform. resurfaced early in the Aquino administration. After a 1990 violent strike. Agusto Sanchez. More about the Economy of the Philippines. demonstrations. the chairman of the KMU was murdered. the chairman of KMU. was considered to be too prolabor and eased out within a year of his appointment. In particular.htm . Repression of labor activists. In November 1986. in 1987. These labor actions were noteworthy both because of a heightened level of conflict between strikers and the authorities and because of the participation of professionals and other middle-class groups. Soon. From September to December 1990. and antigovernment rallies. making it easier to petition for a union certification election.us/philippines/73. or Welga ng Bayan. but the KMU and other progressive unions resisted the conservative drift of her administration through strikes. the president began to shift ground as she received vigorous protests by both Filipino and foreign businessmen against her May Day promises. before a large and enthusiastic gathering of labor groups. on ten-year-old fraud charges initiated against him by the Marcos government. Jaime Tadeo. The following January. The KMU gained influence through its leadership of the national strike. http://countrystudies. and abrogation of repressive labor legislation decreed by the Marcos government. and not promulgated in others. The TUCP was generally supportive of the Aquino government. her first minister of labor. both the military and government officials suggested banning the KMU as a communist-front organization. a federation of drivers. In her May 1 speech that year. Eighteen were killed and nearly 100 wounded. This willingness to respond to the interests of the boardroom rather than the shop floor also extended to official appointments. including extension of the right to strike.spectrum of the population. the head of PISTON. and Crispin Beltran. during which an estimated 500 participants were arrested. several companies reported either laying off workers or cutting working hours as the crisis reduced demand for Philippine exports.8 percent as of October 2008. (ECOP). the United States and Western Europe -. In Luzon. "Workers will always be the victims in a recession. northern Philippines. In Cebu. "The recession in our trading partners has hit our exports sector hard." said Philippine Socio-Economic Planning Secretary Ralph Recto.Unemployment rate in the Philippines is expected to remain high in the next few months as the global economic crisis crimps business activities. according to the country's National Statistics Office. so did the demand for Philippine labor. The Philippines has one of the highest unemployment level in Southeast Asia. analysts said.. 2009 02:04 AM MANILA (Xinhua) -. southern Philippines. Inc. Analysts said the most vulnerable workers are those in the exportoriented industries such as electronics and textile manufacturing. Intel Corp. As these markets contracted. The global economic turmoil has dampened demand in Japan. shut down its factory and retrenched 1. Cristobal said several of ECOP's member-companies have to lay off workers as they either close shops or reduce their output. .large markets for Philippine export goods. "When there's no demand for your products. Indeed. has temporarily shut down and laid off about 250 workers as a result of the financial crisis. services and migrant workers. standing at 6. how can you continue to hire people to make your products?" said Rene Cristobal. the first US semiconductor firm that established a facility in the Philippines. furniture maker and exporter Giardini del Sole Inc. executive secretary of the Catholic Bishops Conference of the Philippines' Episcopal Commission on Migrants and Itinerants.800 workers. vice president of the Employers Confederation of the Philippines.Philippines tackles high unemployment rate amid economic crisis (philstar. Philippine economic planners expect export receipts to fall this year and this doesn't bode well for workers. especially for those employed in labor-intensive manufacturing companies." said Father Edwin Corros.com) Updated March 02. president of the Philippine Institute for Development Studies. But such economic growth. Migration: by need not by choice The lack of opportunities in the Philippines will force most Filipinos to seek greener pastures abroad. In a paper issued last month.3 percent) will boost consumption and keep the economy afloat. around one million Filipinos go overseas.9 percent this year compared to last year's 9.the bulk of which will be used to build infrastructures -.4 percent." she said. Luz Lorenzo. the director doesn't expect the unemployment level to hit double-digit levels which were recorded several years ago. but he believed that the strong macroeconomic fundamentals combined with the 330-billion-peso (about 6.400 overseas Filipino workers were displaced because of the crisis. agrees that the consumption driving Philippine economy will be resilient this year.000 workers were retrenched. she said. the Philippine GDP is expected to expand at 3. is not high enough to absorb the burgeoning labor force.000 new jobs. forecast that as much as 200.7 percent to 4. . despite the global recession. Every year." he said. Unemployment will remain a problem. Josef T.will create 800. However. "The economy will not fall in the deep end. 33. For this year.000 workers may be laid off as the crisis continues to hurt the local economy. director of national planning and policy of the National Economic and Development Authority. Yap. Recto said the easing of inflation (estimated to hit 3.000 workers are experiencing shorter working hours while over 5. But neither will it be a bed of roses. The stimulus package -. expect unemployment levels to stay at current levels. Recto conceded the crisis will pressure the employment situation.84 billion US dollars) stimulus package will cap the growth in unemployment rate. regional economist of the ATR Kim Eng Securities.8 percent in the next few months. "Assuming that the economy will not decelerate further in 2009. there is reason to be cautiously optimistic that the unemployment rate will not rise beyond 6.The Philippine Labor Department reported that 40. mostly forced to leave their families to provide them with a better life. Dennis Arroyo. Arroyo directed the Philippine Overseas Employment Administration to aggressively market Filipino labor and expertise abroad. also caused social problems. The country's economic managers said one of the factors that will support the consumption-driven economy is the steady inflow of remittances. Labor deployment will therefore remain a key government . Philippine President Gloria Macapagal.Father Corros said most of the retrenched migrant workers that the Episcopal Commission on Migrants and Itinerants has been assisting in the past few months still prefer to work overseas instead of just staying in their own country. What is needed. Migration has long been part of the Philippine government's strategy to solve the unemployment problem. although it brought in the much needed remittances. doesn't offer such option. seafarers and programmers. The separation also breaks family ties and hurt the children who were left behind by their parents. Numerous migrant workers have been physically and sexually abused and have to endure exploitative working conditions. with 10 percent of its over 80 million population living abroad. caregivers.000 Filipino migrant workers but analysts and government officials believed that there will be demand for Philippine labor abroad. "Migrating is the only option for them because they can't find jobs here. sent construction workers to the Middle East. This kind of policy has long been criticized by migrant rights advocates. for most of the country's labor force. The current global economic crisis. explaining that migration." he said." The Philippines is one of the world's biggest labor exporters. They go abroad because it's difficult to look for jobs here.working as entertainers. adding that "we go back to the same problem. is for the government to develop an economy that will provide decent jobs and will make migration a choice. Filipinos continue to leave in droves -. however. domestic helpers. not a necessity. This policy started in the 1970s when then Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos. The global crisis may have slowed businesses and even retrenched more than 5. Thirty years later. faced with huge levels of foreign debt and the oil crisis. This was done to rein in the rising unemployment levels and avoid growing social unrest. nurses. they said. deputy executive director of the Philippine . "We see a steady labor demand in the Middle East. however. Inc. BPO revenues are forecasted to grow by 20 percent to 30 percent this year and companies expected to hire 100. Cristina Coronel." Recto said in last week's economic briefing. But now we're trying to change that.policy. president of the Philippine Software Industry Association. the holding company for Ayala Corporation's investments in business process outsourcing. software development and back office will offer opportunities to the country's programmers. "A lot of companies are under a lot of pressure to cut cost so I think it will accelerate outsourcing. Job openings. Australia and elsewhere which are responding to the crisis by embarking on infrastructure projects with their own stimulus packages. Outsourcing industry offers new jobs There are some bright spots in the domestic labor market. Industrialized economies with aging populations will continue to seek cheap. To solve this problem. English-proficient and skilled nurses and caregivers from countries like the Philippines.will keep their jobs as they're usually employed in the recession-proof healthcare sectors.000 new workers.time employment." said Ma. Analysts said most Filipinos in the United States -.one of the top destination countries for Filipino migrants -. graphic designers and accountants. Call centers will remain the biggest revenue earner and employer in the BPO sector. Every year.000 Filipino nurses and 14. But BPO executives believe that the growing demand for the high-value non-voice outsourcing sectors such as animation." said Alfredo Ayala. BPOs are offering workshops and scholarships to expand its talent pool. will not necessarily translate into full. we're really leading in the contact center sector. 000 caregivers were deployed. CEO of LiveIt Solutions. We're trying to expand to the higher value non-voice services. Dennis Posadas. The business process outsourcing (BPO) industry is expected to remain bullish. BPOs offer a lot of perks and benefits to its employees but very few are qualified to work in the industry. over 8.. The Philippines is one of the world's biggest exporters of health care workers. "Right now. philstar. View previous articles from this author. Technology and Engineering.com/microsite/noynoy_aquino_inauguration_2010/article. Poverty still a growing problem in the Philippines By Joseph Yu. very few are qualified to take the jobs because many are not adequately trained. They need to emphasize on science and math education. Estimates of poverty incidence in the country relesaed by the National Statistical Coordination Board (NCSB) show that 40% of the population. #43. or some 31 million Filipinos. But even comparing government's low daily poverty threshold with the minimum wage reveals that wages are inadequate compared with what a family needs just to survive. said that as far as outsourcing in the information technology sector is concerned.com. 5 July 2002 Despite her promise to alleviate the condition of the poor.edu Sun Jul 14 10:30:12 2002 Date: Tue. "We still need to improve basic education in our pubic schools. 9 Jul 2002 10:31:18 -0500 (CDT) From: IBON Reach Expansion Department <ibonred@info. http://www.missouri.math. .ph> Subject: [ibon] Poverty Still A Growing Problem in the Philippines Article: 141707 To: undisclosed-recipients:. Low Wages Comparing IBON's estimates of the daily cost of living with the daily minimum wage demonstrates that most Filipino families do not earn enough to make ends meet (Table 1). President Arroyo seems to be losing the battle against poverty Poverty is one of the most serious social problems in the country today. which showed that one out of five Filipinos would rather leave the country if only they had the opportunity.aspx? articleId=444878&publicationSubCategoryId=200 From owner-imap@chumbly. This was highlighted by the results of a recent Pulse Asia survey. are poor. But IBON Foundation's alternative estimates of poverty incidence show that nearly 88% of the country's households are poor. IBON Features." he said.Congressional Commission on Science. 625 last year. due to increasing costs of fuel and electricity. and wages.62 0.66 0. Beverages & Tobacco Clothing 0. light and water group fell in May to P0.66 0 0 6 0.67 209. Table 2 shows that the purchasing power of the peso in the country fell to P0. their hard-earned peso can buy fewer goods and services.60 0.564 from P0. Table 2.47 Sources of basic data: NSO.66 items 3 5 5 Food. in pesos) 200 200 200 2 1 0 REGION Philippines NCR Outside NCR 0.60 0.based on 2000 wage orders /c . Peso Purchasing Power by Region and Commodity Group (as of May 2002. the buying power of the fuel.00 /c Areas outside NCR 217. Notably.62 0.60 0.24 NCR 295.65 0.including P30 emergency cost of living allowance Low Purchasing Power To make things worse for the ordinary Filipino worker. Table 1.76 434.63 416.91 530. NSCB /a .as of April 2002 /b .59 0.603 in May from P0.71 .66 3 5 5 0.25 168.67 0.01 280. down in order to keep the country competitive and attract foreign investors.62 0.69 1 6 1 0. DOLE.62 0. Minimum Wage vs Daily Cost of Living & Daily Poverty Threshold (in pesos) Region Daily Poverty Threshold Daily Cost of Living /a Minimum Wage /b Philippines 228.This is because government is dead-set on keeping living standards.622 lat year.68 0.66 8 6 5 COMMODITY GROUP All 0. 54 0. or a second job.49 0. This means that more Filipinos were not earning enough to meet their needs and thus.4 33.77 0. Meanwhile. Light & Water Services Miscellaneous 9 6 0. oil price hikes this year have brough pump prices back to January 2001 levels.26% from 17.47 0. The underemployment rate also increased to 19.70 4 2 0 0.098 66.186 .9 33. the National Statistics Office (NSO) April Labor Force Survey revealed that the unemployment rate grew to 13.052 69.57 5 9 0 0.9% from 13.51 0.621 69. Labor Force Indicators. Table 3.76 0.0 Employment (in '000) Rate (%) 30. April 2002 Preliminary Results Philippines April 2002 January 2002 April 2001 Labor Force (in '000) Participation Rate (%) 35.83 0 5 3 Source: NSO Although 2001 was marked by a series of oil price rollbacks. are seeking more work.62 0.56 0.1 Housing & Repairs Fuel.57 4 1 7 0.3% in April last year (See Table 3).5% in the same period last year. Many of these are forced to fend for themselves due to the lack of economic opportunities in the country. There was also an increase in the number of unpaid family workers.5 The NSO also reported an increase in own account workers. most of them in the service sector.092 17.9 3. Table 4. Retrenchment Most people also lost their jobs due to an increase in closures in the first two months of the year.4 million from 10. This increase also points out the lack of employment opportunities.393 10.160 86. a 79% increase from last year (Table 4).724 15. yet are not paid. since these workers would probably prefer to look for jobs to better help their families .922 19.if only there were jobs available.1 29. These are workers who help in the families' business or work.096 miliion from 4.3 Underemployment (in '000) Rate (%) 5. A total of 20.86.461 13.3 4.6 4.056 million a year earlier.866 13.962 workers were affected. These self-employed workers are considered employed by the government even if they do not engage in productive work. The department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) reported that some 152 firms closed and 671 reduced their workforce.705 89. to 11.9 million a year earlier. Establishments Resorting to Permanent Closures/Retrenchment Due to Economic Reasons and Workers Displaced .7 Unemployment (in '000) Rate (%) 4. to 4.9 5.7 29. . conflict theorist and symbolic interaction theory view the economy and by the mid century how they have evolved and the role of these theories to explain social and economic phenomenon. Karl Marx and Social interactionist theories. seasonal factors in some industries particularly such as changes in tastes and climatic conditions which affects demand for certain products and services. Commonwealth Ave. business cycle or recessions. individual perceptions and willingness to work and search for jobs. accessibility for retraining and . According to the DOLE.com/archives/54a/247. It can be caused by rapid technological change.500 Filipinos leave the country dialy to seek employment of migrate elsewhere. their values and attitudes towards some jobs and about employers.More closures should be expected as firms fail to compete with the influx of cheap exports brought about by the government's globalization thrust. Quezon City. http://www. some 2. No wonder so many Filipinos choose to seek their fortunes abroad.. In this essay I will discuss how unemployment is an individual and a social problem and how Max Weber distinguished power. 1-5pm.hartford-hwp. 2002. authority and coercion and how the functionalist. PSSC Bldg. How unemployment is individual and social problem Unemployment is caused by many factors in a modern market economy. FIND OUT MORE IN THE IBON MIDYEAR BIRDTALK: STABILIZATION AND RECOVERY? on July 10. The relevance of these theories to explain the causes of unemployment in the global economy in the mid-century. 2007 by Prit in Business and Society Comments (51)|21 Liked It The individual and societal causes of unemployment in the perspectives of Max Weber.html auses of Unemployment Published on August 27. at the PSSC Auditorium. Philippines. For example a professor can influence the students to assign work and demand them to do to satisfy some criteria. authority and coercion Power can be defined as one person’s ability to influence others does what ever they want even though they don’t like to do what is demanded and they resist doing what is demanded. willingness and perception of unemployed of the benefits of training and the possibility for them to get a job after the training even though they have a chance to get a job.acquisition of work skills. Read more in Business and Society « Industrial Relation System in Australia and the Factors That Affect It Automated Customer Service in Today’s Corporate World » It can be seen from the above causes unemployment in a particular period can be a combination of caused by social factors and how the economy as a whole works and also due to the subjective individual factors. In a sociological point of view according to functionalist and conflict theorists the unemployment is caused primarily by the social factors than by the individual factors. color. discrimination in the workplace based on race. ethnicity. age and class. religion. In summary applying the sociological and the primary causes of unemployment unemployment is individual as well as a social problem in a market economy. Even the economy or societal factors are not present unemployment can be caused by individual perception and their own subjective behavior. As discussed above it is caused by the society as well as by individuals. However according to Max Weber and symbolic interaction theories individuals construct their own social constructs and perception and they can be subjective in their behavior and there fore can become unemployed even though the actual condition they can get a job in the job market. Max Weber’s distinction among power. As well a dictator like Hitler can control all aspects of life because of this ability to impose his will on majority of people. In other words a person or group on other person or other . which would explain its recent declining unemployment rate.3 million in 1980 to 32. These numbers are much higher than other South East Asian countries. After a slight decline in 2001. or money/resources to create more jobs. Employment . double what it was 20 years earlier. the rate continued to rise until peaking at 11. What has caused the Philippines to have such a high unemployment rate? edit Factors There are many factors contributing to the Philippines’ high unemployment: Rapid population growth: • The population of the Philippines was 75.7% in 2006.7% in 2005. its GDP growth was 4-6% lower then there’s. the unemployment rate stands at 7. Currently. there’s too many people and not enough jobs. barely peaking higher than 8%. Growing labor force: • The Philippines’ labor force is said to be growing by about 2. It is predicted to double at least one more time before it stabilizes.2 million in 2000. With the wealth of the nation being so low. however from $98. Mixed with poor economic performance. During the 1990’s it stayed dramatically low. whose rates tend to stay below 6%. companies have less to spend. the Philippines’ GDP is not as large. making it hard to create new jobs for people. the high population is problematic.groups can use power legitimately or illegitimately. That is power and authority can be different in this respect. It nearly doubled from 17. Compared to other South East Asian countries.8 billion in 2005 to $167 billion in 2008. Within the past the years the GDP has been making a climb. although it continues to grow. Its population tends to remain much greater than surrounding Asian countries.8% each year.3%.com/business-and-society/causes-of-unemployment/ Unemployment Rate Unemployment has been a persistent problem in the Philippines. Slow economic growth: • While it has a relatively high population. It then dropped to 8. Factors contributing to this growth include the rapidly growing population and the increasing number of women entering the workforce. The unemployment rate steadily increased from 1990 until 2000. http://bizcovering.3 million in 2000. That is power need not come from proper authority or legitimate authority. 2003. Education • Education has only been a focus of government spending within the last 20 years. Retrieved from "http://internationalbusiness. Those people that aren’t attending school are typically trying to enter the workforce. it limits the resources and knowledge available. The topic URBAN POOR was selected from a group of topics given and then given emphasis by the author according to the relevance of this specific group in today's world.cultural conditions of the Urban Poor. Rizwanul. Gordon and Islam.com/publicdata?ds=wbwdi&met=ny_gdp_mktp_cd&idim=country:PHL&dl=en&hl=en&q=philippines+GDP Balisacan. With less people attending school.com/wiki/Philippines__micro_measures(unemployment)" Poverty In Philippines We have many premium term papers and essays on Poverty In Philippines.: The World Bank. Betcherman. Poverty tends to be the greatest ill that plagues the Filipino as a society. adding to the number of unemployed. only 95% of children were attending primary school. New York: Oxford University Press. • • • • • http://www. You can browse our collection of term papers or use our search engine. The poor ranges from poor. in 2003. political and socio. However.C.google. We also have a wide variety of research papers and book reports available to you for free. East Asian Labor Markets and the Economic Crisis.which . Poverty In Philippines Introduction: This study is about the economic. 2001. Hal. Inc. Arsenio M.wikia.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2002/wp0223. and to the very. Urban poor has become an interesting topic now days since it is very relevant to modern society. and Challenges. very poor..opportunities have failed to keep up with the growing number of people in the labor force. Washington. D. or furthering their education. This will also have an analysis of their general condition using a theory application. and only were 64% attending secondary school. and Hill. In doing so. Policies. Each condition is specifically analyzed in different aspects and parts to further understand the study.pdf http://www. one will be able to broaden one's ideas and analysis in certain conditions in relation to the topic about Urban poor. Many fiscal problems kept educational spending limited in the Philippines until mid-1990’s. The Philippines ranks higher in education than most countries with comparable per capita incomes. very poor. which then makes it hard to create new. The Philippine Economy: Development. or better jobs.imf. but of the holistic development as well. http://www. willingness and perception of unemployed of the benefits of training and the possibility for them to get a job after the training even though they have a chance to get a job. color.oppapers.most probably is CONFLICT THEORY. more of secondary sources. some in personal factors. logging and lumbering. some in economic changes. It can be caused by rapid technological change. accessibility for retraining and acquisition of work skills. as a product of understanding from the related sources.. slaughtering and meat packing are very seasonal and give rise to a considerable . ethnicity. but unemployment is not the result of any one cause. and some in legislative and regulatory conditions. age and class The political class claims to have the answer. It makes its appearance in a great variety of circumstances. Sources related to the study are referred to the bibliography at the end of the study. This paper was developed as a requirement and further study of the Sociological Theories presented in class and as a meaningful output of all the lectures and discussions that happened during class. seasonal factors in some industries particularly such as changes in tastes and climatic conditions which affects demand for certain products and services. Conclusions are from the author of the text. Muhammad Ali Jinnah. discrimination in the workplace based on race.com/essays/Poverty-Philippines/108928?topic Unemployment All persons of ten years of age and above who worked at least one hour during the reference period [the year] There are three types of unemployment: structural unemployment. Students and professionals are the intended audiences of this study.. individual perceptions and willingness to work and search for jobs.line based sources. may this hopefully. business cycle or recessions. Students work during the summer and return to school in September. had dreamt of exploiting the immense natural resources of the country for the best possible benefit of the people Unemployment is caused by many factors in a modern market economy. This study will hopefully be of help in the development of concrete analysis and plans not just towards the Sociological development of the urban poor. Throughout the year some workers may appear in the labor market and then withdraw. The informations contained in this study were based on researches provided by related literature and on. The founder of Pakistan. Analysis was done by choosing a theoretical orientation from the ones discussed in class. a stepping stone in solving problems of today's society. frictional unemployment. With all the informations and analysis represented. Building and construction activities. religion. a theory discussed in class with relation to the Sociological Theories presented. the rate of structural employment is more than others.. their values and attitudes towards some jobs and about employers. In Pakistan. and cyclical unemployment. wages. and working conditions always point the way. Jobs. Similarly. industrial and technological changes may force workers to readjust and relocate.amount of temporary unemployment. .
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