Welding Handbook

WELDING WIRE AND ELECTRODES4 DIRECTORY CERTIFICATIONS ......................................................................................................3 NICKEL ALLOY FILLER METAL .................................................................................5 Nickel and High Nickel Alloy Welding Wires ......................................................... 5 Recommended Welding Parameters............................................................... 8 Typical Chemical Composition ........................................................................ 8 Nickel and High Nickel Alloy Electrodes ............................................................... 9 Typical Electrode Sizes & Currents ............................................................... 12 Typical Chemical Composition ...................................................................... 12 Suggestions for Welding Nickel and High Nickel Alloys ...................................... 13 STAINLESS STEEL FILLER METAL ..........................................................................14 Stainless Steel Welding Wires ............................................................................ 14 Recommended Welding Parameters............................................................. 18 Typical Chemical Composition ...................................................................... 19 Stainless Steel Electrodes .................................................................................. 20 Typical Chemical Composition ...................................................................... 23 Typical Electrode Sizes & Currents ............................................................... 23 Suggestions for Welding Stainless Steels .......................................................... 24 LOW ALLOY STEEL FILLER METAL .........................................................................28 Low Alloy Steel Wires ......................................................................................... 28 Typical Chemical Composition ...................................................................... 30 Recommended Welding Parameters............................................................. 30 Suggestions for Welding Low Alloy Steels .......................................................... 31 PACKAGING OPTIONS ...........................................................................................32 TABLES AND CHARTS ............................................................................................33 www.techalloy.com / 1-800-638-1458 / Techalloy Welding Products WELDING WIRE AND ELECTRODES 1 WELDING WIRE AND ELECTRODES Back to Directory QUALITY …IT’S WHAT WE’RE ALL ABOUT. The company that is today known as Techalloy Welding Products was founded in 1919 and is devoted to the manufacture and sale of welding consumables for shielded metal arc welding (SMAW), submerged arc welding (SAW), tungsten inert gas welding (TIG) and gas metal arc welding (MIG). The product range consists of welding wires and coated electrodes in stainless steel, nickel and nickel-based alloys, special purpose types together with a number of low alloy steels. The original company, Reid Avery, stood for great craftsmanship and expertise. Since adopting the Techalloy name, a pledge has been made to continue the fine legacy established by Reid Avery – and to pursue innovative product developments. As part of this effort, Techalloy became the first company in the United States to produce imprinted TIG rods, saving welders hours of wasted time with traditional tags. New production equipment and technological advancements in the last few years have focused on ensuring the manufacture of premium quality welding consumables. The company has received ISO 9001 and 14001 certification to complement its existing significant number of certifications and registrations. www.techalloy.com / 1-800-638-1458 / © 2007 / Techalloy Welding Products There are no warranties whatsoever.Back to Directory WELDING WIRE AND ELECTRODES 2 TECHALLOY AND CENTRAL WIRE GROUP Techalloy is a member of the Central Wire Group. IMPORTANT NOTICE Techalloy Welding Products sells all of its products subject to the “Terms and Conditions of Sale” which are issued by Techalloy Welding Products and are available for review upon request. This affords Techalloy significant advantages in terms of financial.com / 1-800-638-1458 / Techalloy Welding Products . and not for specification purposes. and are not to be construed as either express or implied warranties of fitness for these or other applications. or statutory. one of North America’s largest and most highly regarded drawers of specialty wire. express.techalloy. www. Ontario. These Terms and Conditions of Sale are incorporated for all purposes as if fully set forth in this handbook. There is no warrant of merchantability of fitness for a particular purpose. The data contained in this handbook is intended for general information only. technical. other than those specified in these Terms and Conditions of Sale. implied. Maryland and Perth. whether written. oral. and supports its sales and marketing activities with strategically located warehouse locations throughout North America. and operational resources on a global basis. Techalloy produces its welding consumables in Baltimore. and are minimum or maximum only where indicated. Applications suggested for these alloys are made to permit you to make your own evaluation and decision. They are not intended for specification purposes. All analyses should be considered as typical or average values. the buyer.3 WELDING WIRE AND ELECTRODES Back to Directory CERTIFICATIONS Certifications are important to a company because they represent the hard work and diligence that has gone into creating a quality product. dependability. and peace of mind. because they represent quality. Certifications are important to you. 14001 ASME Section III Certification American Bureau of Shipping Canadian Welding Bureau Military Qualified Products TUV (Germany) Brazil Welding Foundation (FTBS) DHV (Norway) ISO 9001:14001 CERTIFIED AMERICAN BUREAU OF SHIPPING 308 308L 309 309L 310 316 316L 347 CANADIAN WELDING BUREAU 308 308L 308LHS 309 309L 309LHS 310 312 316 316L 316LHS 317L 347 385 409CB 2209 625FE EN606 HC276 622 410NiMo Weld A 502 505 630 208 413 418 617 718 Techrod 112 Techrod 276 Techrod 122 Techrod 182 MILITARY QUALIFIED PRODUCT LIST 308 308L 309 309L 310 316 316L 347 410 307-15 308-15 308L-15 308-16 308L-16 308MOT-16 308MOT-15 309-15 309-16 310-15 310-16 316L-15 347-15 410-15 Techalloy 418 Techalloy 413 Techalloy 606 Techalloy 625 Tech-Rod 182 Tech-Rod 190 www. TECHALLOY HOLDS CERTIFICATIONS OF ISO 9001.com / 1-800-638-1458 / Techalloy Welding Products .techalloy. ................................................................................................................................................................................ 14 Recommended Welding Parameters................................................................ 30 Recommended Welding Parameters............................................................14 Stainless Steel Welding Wires ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 20 Typical Chemical Composition ...........................28 Low Alloy Steel Wires ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 8 Nickel and High Nickel Alloy Electrodes .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................com / 1-800-638-1458 / Techalloy Welding Products .............................................. 28 Typical Chemical Composition ..................................................Back to Directory WELDING WIRE AND ELECTRODES 4 CONTENTS CERTIFICATIONS .........................................................................................32 TABLES AND CHARTS . 5 Recommended Welding Parameters.............................. 12 Suggestions for Welding Nickel and High Nickel Alloys . 12 Typical Chemical Composition ...................... 13 STAINLESS STEEL FILLER METAL .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9 Typical Electrode Sizes & Currents ......................... 23 Suggestions for Welding Stainless Steels ............................................................................... 31 PACKAGING OPTIONS ........................................................................................ 19 Stainless Steel Electrodes ...............techalloy............................................... 24 LOW ALLOY STEEL FILLER METAL ....................................... 30 Suggestions for Welding Low Alloy Steels .............................................................. 8 Typical Chemical Composition ......3 NICKEL ALLOY FILLER METAL ....5 Nickel and High Nickel Alloy Welding Wires ......................................................................................................................................................................33 www....... 23 Typical Electrode Sizes & Currents .......................................................................................................... 18 Typical Chemical Composition .......... 000 PSI Elongation 460 MPA 260 MPA 28% 720 MPA TECHALLOY 276 AWS A5. and SAW welding of nickel 200 or 201. and crevice corrosion.14 ERNiCrMo-4 Tensile Strength 105.25 . It is also used to repair castings.000 PSI Elongation 740 MPA 30% TECHALLOY 99 AWS A5. TYPICAL CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE WIRE Carbon Manganese Silicon Iron Nickel .5 . The weld metal of Techalloy 55 is harder than that of Techalloy 99.50 43. pitting.55 16. without which the weld and heat affected zones could develop cracks. The welds are easily machinable. repair and overlay cladding of Ni-Cr and Ni-Fe-Cr components.55 .65 .1 3. Carbon Titanium Chromium Nickel . A preheat and interpass temperature of 350°F (175°C) minimum is recommended during welding. as well as dissimilar materials of nickel base alloys.01 .500 PSI Yield Strength 38.05 .techalloy. It can also be used for overlay and buildup.500 PSI Yield Strength 62.5 WELDING WIRE AND ELECTRODES Back to Directory NICKEL & HIGH NICKEL ALLOY WELDING WIRES PRODUCT USES Techalloy 55 is used for TIG and MIG welding of cast iron. Carbon Manganese Silicon Aluminum Titanium Nickel Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Molybdenum Tungsten Vanadium Nickel Iron .14 ERNiCr-4 High Chromium Nickel alloy used for joining. offers excellent resistance to stress corrosion cracking.30 .0 95.14 ERNi-1 Techalloy 208 is used for TIG.40 .15 ERNiCl Carbon Manganese Silicon Nickel .6 Balance Tensile Strength 107. This alloy. This wire also can be used for cladding steel with nickel-chromium-molybdenum weld metal.500 PSI Yield Strength 36.5 Tensile Strength 66.000 PSI Yield Strength 81. Material is resistant to high temperature corrosion including fuel-ash corrosion and erosion in atmospheres containing sulpher.6 Tensile Strength 66. due to its high molybdenum content. This filler metal is extensively employed to overlay cast iron rolls. Techalloy 276 is used for welding of materials of similar chemical composition (UNS Number N10276).6 55.9 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ALL WELD METAL (AS WELDED) Tensile Strength 89.5 3.03 0.000 PSI Elongation 560 MPA 40% www. steels and stainless steels.000 PSI Elongation TECHALLOY 55 No AWS Specification 620 MPA 430 MPA 35% TECHALLOY 72 AWS A5. Dilution from the casting influences the mechanical properties of the metal.04 15.05 . machining can be accomplished by using carbide tipped tools.000 PSI Elongation 460 MPA 250 MPA 40% TECHALLOY 208 FM 61 AWS A5. This filler metal is also employed for overlaying on steel as well as repairing cast iron castings. A preheat and interpass temperature of 350°F (175°C) minimum is recommended during welding.15 Balance 5. MIG.22 . This material is primarily used for boiler tube overlay in coal fired boiler systems. It can also be used for dissimilar joints between nickel or nickel alloys to stainless or ferritic steels. Techalloy 99 is used for TIG and MIG welding of cast iron.06 . This wire is extensively employed to repair gray iron casting.com / 1-800-638-1458 / Techalloy Welding Products . However.05 99.15 43. 9 Tensile Strength 86. Techalloy 418 is used for TIG or MIG welding of nickel copper alloys (ASTM B127.000 PSI Yield Strength 88. This filler metal can also be used for dissimilar welding applications between various nickel alloys and stainless or carbon steels.03 Manganese 2.25 65.06 .com / 1-800-638-1458 / Techalloy Welding Products . MIG.55 .14 ERNiCu-7 360 MPA 34% 590 MPA TECHALLOY 606 FM 82 AWS A5.25 Balance . TYPICAL CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE WIRE Nickel Manganese Silicon Iron Titanium Copper Carbon Manganese Silicon Titanium Nickel Copper 31.22 Chromium 20.008 .5 Balance Tensile Strength 112. and SAW welding of nickel-chrome-cobalt-molybdenum alloys as well as between themselves and dissimilar metals. This filler metal can be used for MIG overlay on steel after a first layer with nickel 208 (Filler Metal 61).45 9. molybdenum and tungsten as principal alloying elements. MIG.000 PSI Elongation 770 MPA 610 MPA 28% TECHALLOY 622 AWS A5.techalloy. Tensile Strength 115.Back to Directory WELDING WIRE AND ELECTRODES 6 NICKEL & HIGH NICKEL ALLOY WELDING WIRES PRODUCT USES Techalloy 413 is used for TIG.14 ERNiCrCoMo-1 Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Cobalt Molybdenum Aluminum Titanium Nickel Carbon Manganese Iron Chromium Molybdenum Tungsten Nickel .1 21. Dissimilar welding applications include joining nickel-copper alloys to Nickel 200 copper-nickel alloys.11 21. It offers an outstanding resistance to stress corrosion cracking.20 3.20 .35 Balance . The weld metal provides optimum strength and oxidation resistance from 1500°F (815°C) up to 2100°F (1150°C). B166.05 3. such as stainless. Techalloy 617 is used for TIG. carbon or low alloy steels. MIG and SAW welding of base metals such as ASTM B163.85 Silicon . and B165 UNS Number N04400).45 .000 PSI Elongation Tensile Strength 76.000 PSI Elongation 790 MPA 570 MPA 38% www. It can also be used for cladded overlay as well as spraying applications.000 PSI Yield Strength 52. This filler wire also can be used to overlay welding where similar chemical composition is desired.5 Nickel 72. It is one of the most used nickel alloys whose applications range from cryogenic to high temperatures.5 3.10 . and oxyfuel welding of 70/30. pitting.77 2.05 1.75 . B164.25 . Dissimilar-welding applications include joining copper-nickel alloys to Nickel 200 or nickel-copper alloys.000 PSI Elongation 360 MPA 38% TECHALLOY 617 AWS A5.0 .14 ERNiCrMo-10 Techalloy 622 is an alloy of nickel with chromium.000 PSI Yield Strength 21. B167 and B168 – alloys which have UNS Number N06600.7 ERCuNi 360 MPA 140 MPA 32% 530 MPA TECHALLOY 418 FM 60 AWS A5.4 Columbium + Tantalum 2. 80/20 and 90/10 copper-nickel alloys.5 13.14 ERNiCr-3 Carbon . Techalloy 622 offers excellent corrosion resistance in oxidizing as well as reducing media in a wide variety of chemical process environments.8 12.500 PSI Elongation TECHALLOY 413 FM 67 AWS A5. This filler metal can be used for MIG overlay on steel after a first layer with Nickel 208 (Filler Metal 61).000 PSI Yield Strength 82. It is used to weld alloys of similar composition as well as dissimilar joints between nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloys and stainless or carbon or low alloy steels.2 Balance MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ALL WELD METAL (AS WELDED) Tensile Strength 53.500 PSI Yield Strength 52. B163. and crevice corrosion. Techalloy 606 is used for TIG. as well as for overlaying. 45 . It is mainly used for welding high-strength aircraft components.1 Columbium + Tantalum 5. This enables automated systems with continuous wire feed to achieve a high quality. Techalloy 718 is used for TIG welding alloys 718.05 Silicon .5 9. high deposition rate overlay.25 29.009 Manganese . It can be used for welding of dissimilar joints between nickel-chrome-molybdenum alloys and stainless or carbon or low alloy steels.05 Titanium . The combination of nickel and chromium provides the resistance to oxidizing conditions and the combination of nickel and molybdenum provides resistance to reducing conditions. and for joining Ni-Cr-Mo alloys.8%) is preferred in various applications where dilution of iron must be controlled to the minimum.000 PSI Elongation 610 MPA 420 MPA 34% Techalloy ® is a registered trademark of Techalloy Welding Products www.14 ERNiFeCr-2 Carbon . and SAW welding of nickel-iron-chromium-molybdenum-copper alloys. and liquid rocket components involving cryogenic temperatures.62 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ALL WELD METAL (AS WELDED) Tensile Strength 114.65 Columbium + Tantalum 3.0 630 MPA 27% TECHALLOY 825 AWS A5.04 . pitting.6 1.04 Manganese .55 Carbon Manganese Silicon Iron Chromium Molybdenum Copper Nickel Titanium . Techalloy 625 with low iron (less than 0. and crevice corrosion. 706.000 PSI Elongation TECHALLOY 625/ 625HWT AWS A5. The high alloy content of Techalloy 625 enables it to withstand highly corrosive environments.5 3.0 21.12 Chromium 21.9 Aluminum .1 2. It can also be used for cladding as well as for spraying applications.0 59 Tensile Strength 110 PSI Yield Strength 80 PSI Elongation Tensile Strength 125. MIG.14 ERNiCrMo-3 790 MPA 590 MPA 27% TECHALLOY 625 FCA AWS A5. Due to its molybdenum content.7 Nickel Balance Iron .34 ENiCrMo3T1 Techalloy 625FCA is a gas shielded. TYPICAL CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE WIRE Carbon .500 Yield Strength 85. this alloy offers resistance to stress corrosion cracking.000 PSI Yield Strength 91. Used for dissimilar welding of NiCrMo Alloys to Steel. This can also be used to overlay cladding where similar chemical composition is required.35 .9 Molybdenum 8.14 ERNiFeCr-1 Techalloy 825 is used for TIG. for surfacing Carbon & Low Alloy Steels. and X-750.com / 1-800-638-1458 / Techalloy Welding Products . Techalloy 625HWT is engineered to work with the standard Gas Tungsten Arc process with an AC power source to preheat the welding wire before introduction to the GTA heat source. This alloy can be age hardened to higher strengths.30 21.4 Nickel Balance Iron 17.500 PSI Yield Strength 61.01 . MIG. Tensile Strength 88.7 WELDING WIRE AND ELECTRODES Back to Directory NICKEL & HIGH NICKEL ALLOY WELDING WIRES PRODUCT USES Techalloy 625 is used for TIG.5 3. This filler metal is very versatile in its applications.25 Silicon .000 PSI Elongation 786 MPA 550 MPA 30% 860 MPA TECHALLOY 718 AWS A5.2 Chromium 19.techalloy.0 42. Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Columbium Molybdenum Nickel . and SAW welding of nickel-chrome-molybdenum alloys.0 Molybdenum 3.14 ERNiCrMoT-3 solid wire. all position flux cored wire that provides a final weld chemistry equivalent to the compostion requirements of AWS A5. 6 .045 inches 1/16 inches 3/32 inches 1/8 inches (0.5 .2 mm) (0.001 .045 inches 1/16 inches SAW 3/32 inches 1/8 inches 5/32 inches TYPICAL CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF NICKEL & HIGH NICKEL WIRES Product Techalloy 55 Techalloy 72 Techalloy 99 Techalloy 208 (FM 61) Techalloy 276 Techalloy 413 (FM 67) Techalloy 418 (FM 60) Techalloy 606 (FM 82) Specification AWS A5.45 Co .02 .20 .0 .005 .techalloy.04 .04 .001 .9 .2 72.com / 1-800-638-1458 / Techalloy Welding Products .06 .015 .19 Techalloy 718 (FM 718) ERNiFeCr-2 Techalloy 825 (FM 65) ERNiFeCr-1 .0 *Specification: AWS A5.7 3.05 .22 .50 3.25 12.9 mm) (1.6 mm) (2.11 .04 .4 mm) (3.9 Cb +Ta W S P Al Ti Cu .05 13.015 .65 64.04 .002 .006 .75 21.008 3.55 .020 .Back to Directory WELDING WIRE AND ELECTRODES 8 NICKEL & HIGH NICKEL ALLOY WELDING WIRES RECOMMENDED WELDING PARAMETERS FOR TIG.1 42.5 .6 95.5 5.5 .0 65.15) ERNi-1 ERNiCrMo-4 ERCuNi (AWS A5.05 .14 None ERNiCr-4 ERNiCl (AWS A5.25 .10 .01 Mn Si Fe Cr Mo Ni 55.001 .0 21.30 .5 0.17 . & SAW WELDING OF NICKEL ALLOYS Process TIG Diameter of Wire .4 mm) (3.35 .55 19.10 Bal 99.20 17.62 21.40 1.5 2.40 .55 16.05 3.008 .62 21.009 .34 www. MIG.40 .5 BAL 31.1 .25 29.10 53.75 .002 .05 .2 mm) (1.90 1.03 .5 9.2 mm) (1.003 .00 0.5 8.004 .05 .003 .002 .005 1.2 mm) (4.009 .77 2.03 .6 .10 .10 5.006 .55 .06 .65 .035 inches .0 mm) Voltage (V) 12-15 13-16 14-18 15-20 15-20 26-29 28-32 29-33 28-30 29-32 30-33 Amperage (A) 60-90 80-110 90-130 120-175 150-220 150-190 180-220 200-250 275-350 350-450 400-550 Gas 100% Argon 100% Argon 100% Argon 100% Argon 100% Argon 75% Argon + 25% Helium 75% Argon + 25% Helium 75% Argon + 25% Helium Suitable Flux may be used Suitable Flux may be used Suitable Flux may be used MIG .85 .25 .7) ERNiCu-7 ERNiCr-3 C .001 .1 21.45 .035 inches .15 43.12 .9 BAL BAL 3.30 Techalloy 617 (FM 617) ERNiCrCoMo-1 Techalloy 622 Techalloy 625/625HWT (FM 625) Techalloy 625FCA* ERNiCrMo-10 ERNiCrMo-3 ENiCrMo3T1 .25 .002 .22 .4 9.01 3.0 2.35 2.20 .45 .8 3.25 BAL BAL .5 15.0 59 .6 43.1 20.9 mm) (1.05 .5 3.009 .3 3.6 mm) (2. 9 54. PRODUCT USES Tech-Rod 55 is used for welding of cast irons to themselves as well as for joining cast irons to mild steels. The welds are moderately hard and require carbide tipped tools for machining.500 PSI Yield Strength 89.85 .74 2.5 Molybdenum 9.techalloy. A preheat and interpass temperature of not less than 350°F (175°C) is required during welding.9 WELDING WIRE AND ELECTRODES Back to Directory NICKEL & HIGH NICKEL ALLOY ELECTRODES Techalloy’s extensive line of nickel alloy coated electrodes blends weld-appeal with proper metallurgy for optimum performance.34 Iron 1. Tech-Rod 99 is designed for welding of gray iron castings to themselves as well as joining them to mild steels or stainless steels.73 4.50 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ALL WELD METAL (AS WELDED) Tensile Strength 84. It is also used extensively in overlay cladding where similar chemical composition is required on the clad side.5 Chromium 21.15 ENiFe-Cl 580 MPA 410 MPA 8% 500 MPA TECH-ROD 99 AWS A5. It is also used extensively to repair castings.25 1.500 PSI Elongation 620 MPA 34% www.35 Silicon . Its applications include dissimilar joints between nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloys to either stainless steels.000 PSI Yield Strength 56.000 PSI Yield Strength 59. These electrodes are used in applications where the temperature ranges from cryogenic up to 1800°F.2 Columbium + Tantalum 3.500 PSI Elongation Tensile Strength 72.com / 1-800-638-1458 / Techalloy Welding Products .55 Nickel Balance Tensile Strength 114.500 PSI Elongation TECH-ROD 55 AWS A5.09 40. carbon.11 ENiCrMo-3 Carbon . or low alloy steels.2 1. The welds are quite machinable. It is also employed for the repair of castings.2 1. Tech-Rod 112 is a covered electrode which is used to weld nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloys.9 . TYPICAL CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE DEPOSIT Carbon Manganese Silicon Iron Copper Nickel Carbon Manganese Silicon Iron Copper Nickel .15 ENi-Cl 390 MPA 5% 790 MPA TECH-ROD 112 AWS A5.45 91. A preheat and interpass temperature of not less than 350°F is recommended during welding.5 .03 Manganese . 1 3. Typical specifications for the nickel-chromium-molybdenum base metals are ASTM.3 Balance 3. especially when welding on base metals of nickel-iron-chromium alloys.03 Manganese 6. B619.3 3.65 Balance MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ALL WELD METAL (AS WELDED) Tensile Strength 110. TYPICAL CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE DEPOSIT Carbon Manganese Silicon Iron Chromium Molybdenum Cobalt Aluminum Nickel .techalloy.6 Tensile Strength 87.000 PSI Yield Strength 78.60 Tensile Strength 84.35 .45 .500 PSI Elongation 600 MPA 490 MPA 33% TECH-ROD 141 AWS A5.11 ENiCrCoMo-1 760 MPA 600 MPA 26% TECH-ROD 122 AWS A5.25 Columbium + Tantalum 1.50 . which limits its usage up to 900°F.45 .2 1.8 11.500 PSI Elongation 370 MPA 36% www.35 1. They are also used for dissimilar joints between nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloys and stainless. Tech-Rod 135 is a covered electrode which is used for nickel-iron-chromium-molybdenum-copper alloys.4 29.11 ENiCrMo-10 Tech-Rod 122 electrodes are used for welding of nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloys as well as for overlay cladding on carbon.2 13. The applications include surfacing as well as clad-side welding. This electrode can also be used for overlay cladding where similar alloy is required. Tech-Rod 122 offers excellent corrosion resistance in oxidizing as well as reducing media in a wide variety of chemical process environments.65 8.42 Iron 7. Weld metal provides optimum strength and oxidation resistance above 1500°F up to 2100°F.11 ENiCrFe-3 Tech-Rod 182 electrodes are used for welding of nickel-chromium-iron alloys to themselves.1 . 500 MPA 400 MPA 26% 580 MPA TECH-ROD 182 AWS A5. It offers an outstanding resistance to stress corrosion cracking.06 . and for dissimilar welding between nickel-chromium-iron alloys and steels or stainless steels. High manganese reduces creep strength. These electrodes can also be used for surfacing as well as dissimilar welding between nickel and steel or stainless steel.02 2. or low alloy steels. low alloy.Back to Directory WELDING WIRE AND E L E C T R O D E S 10 NICKEL & HIGH NICKEL ALLOY ELECTRODES PRODUCT USES Tech-Rod 117 is a covered electrode which is used for welding of nickel-chromium-cobaltmolybdenum alloys (UNS number N06617).8 35.05 97. High manganese of this weld deposit reduces the possibility of micro fissures. pitting. Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Molybdenum Tungsten Nickel Iron . or stainless steels. carbon. and B626 – all of which have UNS Number N06022.16 21.014 .2 . This can also be used for overlay cladding where similar chemical composition is required.000 PSI Yield Strength 87.000 PSI Yield Strength 71.9 540 MPA 36% TECH-ROD 135 No AWS Specification Carbon Manganese Silicon Iron Chromium Molybdenum Copper Nickel Carbon Manganese Silicon Iron Titanium Nickel .000 PSI Elongation Impact Strength 600 ft.40 27.04 .5 21. lbs. at Room Temperature Tensile Strength 114.000 PSI Elongation Tensile Strength 64.85 .com / 1-800-638-1458 / Techalloy Welding Products .500 PSI Elongation Impact Strength 60 ft.35 1.5 Silicon .4 Chromium 15. and crevice corrosion. F574. Carbon .11 ENi-1 Tech-Rod 141 is used for welding of cast and wrought forms of commercially pure nickel.500 PSI Yield Strength 58. lbs at Room Temperature 790 MPA TECH-ROD 117 AWS A5.500 PSI Yield Strength 53.75 Nickel 68. B622. 2 67.000 PSI Elongation 610 MPA 500 MPA 36% Techalloy ®.32 Chromium 15. B163. Dissimilar welding applications including joining nickel 200 and copper-nickel alloys.5 1.04 Manganese 1.6 .9 . B165 – all of which have UNS Number N04400).03 3.000 PSI Yield Strength 78.14 5.2 . Tech-Rod 276 is used for welding materials of similar composition.6 ECuNi 380 MPA 260 MPA 28% TECH-ROD 190 AWS A5. Due to high molybdenum content this alloy offers excellent resistance to stress corrosion cracking and pitting and crevice corrosion. Tech-Rod® is a registered trademark of Techalloy Welding Products. This filler metal is widely used in marine applications because of its good resistance to the corrosive elements of sea water.65 28. This low carbon nickelchromium-molybdenum filler metal can also be used for dissimilar welding between nickel base alloys and stainless steels. These electrodes can also be used for overlay cladding where similar alloy is needed. TYPICAL CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE DEPOSIT Nickel Manganese Silicon Iron Titanium Copper 30.11 ENiCu-7 Carbon Manganese Silicon Iron Titanium Copper Nickel Carbon Manganese Silicon Iron Molybdenum Tungsten Chromium Nickel . It is also used for the clad side of copper-nickel clad steels.75 Silicon . B127.015 .95 .25 Iron 8.com / 1-800-638-1458 / Techalloy Welding Products . as well as for surfacing and cladding. These electrodes have wide applications ranging from cryogenic temperatures up to 1500°F.8 .5 59.25 15. B164.11 W E L D I N G W I R E AND ELECTRODES Back to Directory NICKEL & HIGH NICKEL ALLOY ELECTRODES PRODUCT USES Tech-Rod 187 is a copper-nickel.500 PSI Elongation TECH-ROD 187 AWS A5.5 Molybdenum 1. Carbon .500 PSI Elongation 520 MPA 360 MPA 39% TECH-ROD 276 AWS A5.5 16.1 3. They also can be used for overlay welding as well as for welding of clad steels where nickel-copper surfacing is required.35 . all-position electrode for shielded metal arc welding of wrought or cast alloys of similar composition as well as 80 Cu + 20 Ni and 90 Cu + 10 Ni alloys.2 Balance MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ALL WELD METAL (AS WELDED) Tensile Strength 54.500 PSI Yield Strength 37.4 .000 PSI Elongation Tensile Strength 106.15 Tensile Strength 89.62 .11 ENiCrMo-4 730 MPA 540 MPA 39% TECH-ROD WELD A AWS A5.5 Nickel 71.500 PSI Yield Strength 52. Tech-Rod 190 is used for welding materials of nickel-copper-alloys to themselves (such as ASTM.techalloy.000 PSI Yield Strength 72. www.11 ENiCrFe-2 Tech-Rod Weld A electrodes are used for welding of nickel-chromium-iron alloys to themselves as well as for dissimilar welding between various nickel alloys and carbon or stainless steels.1 Tensile Strength 75.5 Columbium + Tantalum 1. 1 71.45 Cu ENiFe-Cl (AWS A5.50 59.50 1.50 21.80 Si Fe Cr Mo Ni 54.03 2.80 63.73 .95 5.20 8.11 C Mn .04 .012 .2 97.009 .5 67.Back to Directory WELDING WIRE AND E L E C T R O D E S 12 NICKEL & HIGH NICKEL ALLOY ELECTRODES TYPICAL ELECTRODE SIZES & CURRENTS FOR SMAW WELDING OF NICKEL ALLOYS Amperage (A) Process SMAW Diameter of Wire 3/32 inches 1/8 inches 5/32 inches 3/16 inches (2.65 11.004 .005 .34 .35 .25 .10 .90 .50 16.55 BAL BAL 35.5 1.5 91.10 1.5 Cb +Ta W S .1 .09 40.20 .35 .6) ENiCu-7 ENiCrMo-4 .75 15.6 .03 .006 3.03 .012 .005 P .45 6.04 .74 .1 29.42 .65 9.05 Bal Cu 28.2 1.4 .5 1.20 13.012 .005 .50 15.0 mm) (4.65 .15 1.35 7.3 3.009 Ti Al Other 1.006 .005 .2 1.62 .6 .45 .15 3.015 .004 .09 .8 mm) Voltage (V) 24-28 26-30 28-32 28-32 Flat 70-85 85-110 110-140 120-160 Vertical & Overhead 65-75 80-90 100-120 110-130 TYPICAL CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF NICKEL & HIGH NICKEL COVERED ELECTRODES Product Tech-Rod 55 Tech-Rod 99 Tech-Rod 112 Tech-Rod 117 Tech-Rod 122 Tech Rod 135 Tech-Rod 141 Tech-Rod182 Tech-Rod 187 Tech-Rod 190 Tech-Rod 276 Specification AWS A5.30 .012 .05 15.9 ENiCl (AWS A5.15) ENiCrMo-3 ENiCrCoMo-1 ENiCrMo-10 None ENi-1 ENiCrFe-3 ECuNi (AWS A5.8 Cu 1.005 1.015 .25 68.85 Co 3.01 .25 .40 1.15) .75 .20 .techalloy.012 .2 Cu 3.20 3.com / 1-800-638-1458 / Techalloy Welding Products .009 .90 21.009 .35 2.25 Tech-Rod WELD A ENiCrFe-2 8.40 27.4 mm) (3.32 .007 .35 .9 Cu 1.02 .06 .50 21.6 30.4 .50 .014 .14 .10 .009 .2 mm) (4.50 www.85 .006 .005 .16 4. www. Electrode Storage & Reconditioning Coated electrodes just removed from sealed containers are intended for use as is out of the container. Two characteristics contribute to this difference: • Nickel could form a tenacious viscous oxide during welding which restricts the wettability and flow of the weld metal. Techalloy Welding Products manufactures nickel and nickel alloy welding consumables for TIG. With submerged arc welding. For TIG welding. Interpass cleaning is essential to ensure complete slag removal as well as fusion between the weld beads. argon or argon-helium mixtures are generally used. Weld joint designs used for nickel alloy welding should be different from those used for welding steels. lead and other lowmelting substances. For manual welding. which will provide better accessibility to the welder. A procedure test is generally required to assure that the proposed welding parameters and filler metals result in sound and acceptable chemical and mechanical properties of the welds. Often the corrosion is enhanced by the operating conditions of high pressure and temperature. SAW and SMAW processes. Open cans of electrodes exposed to a high humidity atmosphere for more than four hours or low humidity for more than eight hours should be reconditioned before using by baking in a drying oven for 1-2 hours at 400°F – 500°F.13 W E L D I N G W I R E AND ELECTRODES Back to Directory SUGGESTIONS FOR WELDING NICKEL & HIGH NICKEL ALLOYS Nickel and High Nickel Alloys are used in fabrication of equipment which has to withstand highly corrosive environments. The products and process parameters are provided in the tables on pages 8 and 12 for easy reference. Another characteristic of nickel alloy weld metal is the lower penetration. leading to defective welding. do not hesitate to call us at 1-800-638-1458. appropriate current ranges should be used to avoid overheating. • Selecting a superior formulated covered electrode to ensure proper flow and cleanliness. • Choosing the correct type of gas and gas flow rate to ensure proper protection from atmospheric oxygen. MIG. Should you need to have more information or discuss applications or welding parameters. The weld metal flow problem can be reduced by: • Selecting an appropriate joint design. The weld area on both sides of the weld joint must be lightly ground to remove oxide from the surface. The sluggish nature of the weld metal calls for more open joint. In some cases the mild and low alloy steel equipment and vessels are clad by nickel alloys to combat corrosion. the flux may need to be pre-baked before welding to reduce the chances of weld defects due to moisture.techalloy. they should be purged and filled with inert gas before welding to avoid oxidation at the root. As the cleanliness of the welding consumables is of paramount importance. • Nickel is highly susceptible to embrittlement by sulfur. For joining tubes and pipes. Various high nickel alloys are developed and are being developed to meet these demanding conditions.com / 1-800-638-1458 / Techalloy Welding Products . • Clean welding consumables which do not contain any lubricants or oxides or contaminants. Gas flow rates of 30 to 50 CFH are required to obtain high quality welds. Overheating of the electrode could result in loss of deoxidizers and breakdown of the binder of the flux. MIG welding calls for helium additions to argon to improve the wetting of the weld metal. Welding of nickel is different from welding other metals and alloys. Electrodes from open containers should be stored in a holding oven at 215°F – 240°F. phosphorus. Techalloy Welding Products has incorporated in-line cleaning systems to ensure the requisite degree of cleanliness. This necessitates the use of a smaller land at the root of the joint. 50 12. Can also be certified as ER308H.95 0 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ALL WELD METAL (AS WELDED) TECHALLOY 307 TECHALLOY 308/308H AWS A5. The lower carbon content reduces the possibility of intergranular corrosion.45 9.com / 1-800-638-1458 / Techalloy Welding Products .85 .500 PSI Yield Strength 59.65 .1 8 .85 20.000 PSI Yield Strength 58.85 8 . with higher silicon content to improve the bead appearance and increase welding ease.90 18.90 .500 PSI Elongation 420 MPA 34% www. 304. This filler metal can also be used for dissimilar welding.9 ER309L AWS A5.07 6. This is a suitable wire for applications at cryogenic temperatures.500 PSI Elongation Tensile Strength 85.9 ER308 390 MPA 40% 600 MPA TECHALLOY 308LHS AWS A5.techalloy.9 ER308LSi 410 MPA 39% 590 MPA TECHALLOY 309/309L AWS A5.000 PSI Yield Strength 57. 308.000 PSI Elongation Tensile Strength 86.500 PSI Yield Strength 59. The weld deposit is fully austenitic and calls for low heat during welding. This filler metal is the most popular grade among stainless steels. 302. and 347 stainless steels. Ideal for welding Types 304L.03%. Techalloy 309L is preferred over 309 for cladding over carbon or low alloy steels. 305. Tensile Strength 89.84 23. MIG.03% to reduce the possibility of intergranular carbide precipitation.95 10 . This wire is used to weld equipment made with 304 and 308 stainless grades.05 1. Techalloy 308/308L has the same analysis as type 308 except the carbon content has been held to a maximum of .9 5 .6 . used for general-purpose applications where corrosion conditions are moderate. Tensile Strength 85.019 1. Techalloy 309LHS is of the same chemical composition as 309L.9 ER309LSi 420 MPA 34% 620 MPA TECHALLOY 310 AWS A5.8 10.70 12 .10 20. Welding speed is higher than 308 or 308L due to improved wettability of weld metal.65 .500 PSI Elongation 400 MPA 36% 620 MPA TECHALLOY 309LHS AWS A5. and submerged arc welding of unstabilized stainless steels such as Types 301. Techalloy 308LHS is a stainless steel welding wire for MIG welding.75 .11 1.00 8 .021 1.9 ER309 Techalloy 309/309L is of similar composition as Techalloy 309 except for the carbon content being lower than . The weld beads are exceptionally smooth due to good wetting.500 PSI Yield Strength 60.9 ER310 Techalloy 310 is used for the welding of stainless steels of similar composition in wrought or cast form.40 27. Tensile Strength 88.016 1.72 .000 PSI Elongation Tensile Strength 89.4370 used for automotive exhaust applications and dissimilar stainless grades.51 23.46 20.9 ER308H AWS A5.7 8. as well as for dissimilar joints that undergo heat treatment. TYPICAL CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE WIRE Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Nickel WRC FN Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Nickel WRC FN Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Nickel WRC FN Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Nickel WRC FN Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Nickel WRC FN Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Nickel WRC FN Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Nickel WRC FN .Back to Directory WELDING WIRE AND E L E C T R O D E S 14 STAINLESS STEEL WELDING WIRES PRODUCT USES A popular European grade 1.65 10.500 PSI Yield Strength 60.40 12. 321.46 20.9 ER308L AWS A5.9 ER308 Techalloy 308/308H is used for TIG.019 1.000 PSI Elongation 610 MPA 410 MPA 39% 590 MPA TECHALLOY 308/308L AWS A5. 000 PSI Elongation Tensile Strength 86. 400 MPA 36% TECHALLOY 316LHS AWS A5.000 PSI Elongation Tensile Strength 86. Techalloy 320LR has a composition similar to Techalloy 320. high sulfur environments may adversely affect elevated temperature performance. The low melting residuals are limited in this alloy to reduce the possibility of microfissuring. Techalloy 347 is a columbium-stabilized stainless steel welding wire used to weld Types 321 and 347.001 . This alloy has very high ferrite. TYPICAL CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE WIRE Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Nickel Molybdenum WRC Ferrite Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Nickel Molybdenum WRC FN Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Nickel Molybdenum WRC FN Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Nickel Molybdenum WRC FN . 400 MPA 35% 590 MPA TECHALLOY 320LR AWS A5.72 10 Tensile Strength 84.25 6 .1 2.9 9.6 34.500 PSI Elongation Tensile Strength 86.9 ER312 760 MPA 540 MPA 45% 590 MPA TECHALLOY 316/316L AWS A5.11 1.500 PSI Yield Strength 78.500 PSI Elongation Tensile Strength 86.022 1.com / 1-800-638-1458 / Techalloy Welding Products .9 ER317L Techalloy 317L is used for welding stainless steels with similar composition.05 19. However.9 . When welding similar cast alloys. except that carbon.48 19.500 PSI Yield Strength 58.6 .000 PSI Yield Strength 58. with higher silicon content for optimum ease in welding and smooth bead appearance.95 . .000 PSI Elongation 580 MPA 390 MPA 29% 600 MPA TECHALLOY 347 AWS A5. It is for this reason that this alloy is often used for welding Type 320 stainless steels. This low carbon alloy is not as strong at elevated temperatures as ER316H.9 ER320LR Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Nickel Molybdenum Columbium + Tantalum Sulfur Phosphorus Copper WRC FN Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Nickel WRC FN Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Nickel Columbium WRC FN 400 MPA 35% TECHALLOY 330 AWS A5.9 ER347 390 MPA 35% www.500 Yield Strength 58. The weld metal provides excellent heat and scale resistance up to 1800°F.4 13.64 .15 W E L D I N G W I R E AND ELECTRODES Back to Directory STAINLESS STEEL WELDING WIRES PRODUCT USES Techalloy 312 is used to weld cast alloys of similar composition and is used to weld dissimilar metals and weld overlays.techalloy. Addition of columbium reduces the possibility of chromium carbide precipitation and consequent intergranular corrosion.000 PSI Yield Strength 56.5 .2 2.500 PSI Yield Strength 57.25 6 .66 . Due to its higher molybdenum content.85 3. and sulfur levels are kept at lower levels as well as the columbium and manganese being specified at a narrower range.52 19.80 . Higher productivity could be realized in MIG welding.60 2. heat input is necessary.75 .32 13.9 ER316L AWS A5.500 PSI Elongation TECHALLOY 312 AWS A5.04 1. Techalloy 316LHS is similar to 316L.45 8 .2 0 .44 19.025 1.08 30 min .4 0 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ALL WELD METAL (AS WELDED) Tensile Strength 109. limit welding to two or three layers only. silicon.87 .03% in order to reduce the possibility of formation of intergranular carbide precipitation.9 ER316 Techalloy 316/316L has the same analysis as ER316. Lower carbon makes the weld metal less susceptible to intergranular corrosion.016 1.6 8. this alloy offers high resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion. except that the carbon content is limited to a maximum of 0.65 . This filler metal is primarily used for welding low carbon molybdenum-bearing austenitic alloys.000 PSI Yield Strength 57.007 3.500 PSI Elongation Tensile Strength 84.44 29.9 ER330 Techalloy 330 is used to weld cast and wrought material of similar chemical composition.25 .42 15.9 ER316LSi 600 MPA 400 MPA 36% 580 MPA TECHALLOY 317L AWS A5.95 35.25 12.85 19.017 1. phosphorus. This being a fully austenitic alloy.23 1. 500 PSI Elongation TECHALLOY 385 AWS A5. 405. This improves corrosion resistance.5 25.05 . Techalloy 409Cb is a ferritic stainless steel welding wire which is used to weld type 409 and 409Ti base materials.5 Tensile Strength 89.6 4. TYPICAL CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE WIRE Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Nickel Copper Molybdenum WRC FN .35 20.500 PSI Elongation 620 MPA 540 MPA 24% www.11 .1 1. saving chromium from forming carbides. or abrasion.com / 1-800-638-1458 / Techalloy Welding Products . silicon and phosphorus are controlled to lower levels in this alloy. and promotes ferritic micro-structure.9 ER410 Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium . Addition of columbium leads to a preferential reaction with carbon.35 Tensile Strength 67.9 ER409Cb Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Columbium .500 PSI Elongation 460 MPA 350 MPA 26% TECHALLOY 410 AWS A5.techalloy. increases strength at high temperatures. Techalloy 410 is used to weld Types 403. This filler metal may also find applications for joining Type 317L material where improved corrosion resistance in specific media is needed.000 PSI Yield Strength 78.019 2. 410.6 0 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ALL WELD METAL (AS WELDED) Tensile Strength 86. calls for preheating of the joint to 350°F before welding.Back to Directory WELDING WIRE AND E L E C T R O D E S 16 STAINLESS STEEL WELDING WIRES PRODUCT USES Techalloy 385 is used for welding materials of similar chemical composition which are used for fabrication of equipment and vessels for handling of sulfuric acid and many chloride containing media. It is also used for welding overlay on carbon steels to resist corrosion.500 PSI Yield Strength 59. the low melting constituents such as carbon.62 .5 .39 12.45 .05 . being an air hardening type.9 ER385 (904L) 600 MPA 410 MPA 36% TECHALLOY 409Cb AWS A5. This material.000 PSI Yield Strength 50.48 11. erosion. and 416. NOTE: Mechanical properties listed to the right reflect utilization of a post-weld heat treatment between 1350°F and 1400°F for one hour. In order to reduce the propensity for fissuring and hot cracking. Preheating and interpass temperature of not less than 300°F are required.techalloy.17 W E L D I N G W I R E AND ELECTRODES Back to Directory STAINLESS STEEL WELDING WIRES PRODUCT USES Techalloy 410NiMo is used primarily to weld cast and wrought material of similar chemical composition. followed by precipitation hardening between 1135°F and 1165°F for four hours. Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Columbium .5 Tensile Strength 77. NOTE: Mechanical properties listed to the right reflect utilization of a post-weld heat treatment between 1400°F and 1450°F for two hours.000 PSI 830 MPA TECHALLOY 430 AWS A5. Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium . NOTE: Mechanical properties listed to the right reflect utilization of a post-weld heat treatment between 1100°F and 1150°F for one hour.500 PSI Yield Strength 59. Mechanical properties of this alloy are greatly influenced by the heat treatment.50 . it is also used for overlays and thermal spraying.500 PSI Yield Strength 92.29 . Post weld heat treatment is used to temper the weld deposit.com / 1-800-638-1458 / Techalloy Welding Products . Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium .000 PSI 1000 MPA Yield Strength 120. In addition to the applications of welding similar alloys.9 ER410NiMo 820 MPA 630 MPA 20% TECHALLOY 420 AWS A5. It requires preheat and interpass temperatures of not less than 400°F.54 Silicon .51 . which offers superior mechanical properties to 430 grade.78 Copper 3. followed by slow cooling. NOTE: Mechanical properties reflect the heattreated specimen at 1400°F to 1450°F for two hours.01 . This alloy is often used for surfacing applications which call for superior resistance to abrasion. In addition its fatigue resistance is also higher. NOTE: Mechanical properties are greatly influenced by changes in welding parameters such as preheat and interpass temperatures.49 Nickel 4.000 PSI Yield Strength 60.4 11.40 Tensile Strength 74.36 16. Preheating of the joint to a minimum of 300°F is recommended.9 ER420 Techalloy 420 has a higher carbon content than Techalloy 410.000 PSI Elongation TECHALLOY 410NiMo AWS A5.2 Tensile Strength 145.000 PSI Elongation 530 MPA 410 MPA 25% TECHALLOY 430LCb Techalloy 430LCb is stabilized ferritic steel.45 .22 Tensile Strength 150.9 ER430 Techalloy 430 is a ferritic stainless steel which offers good ductility in heat treated condition.07 .43 Chromium 16. This product is also used for overlay cladding as well as in thermal spray applications.40 18.03 Manganese .20 .55 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ALL WELD METAL (AS WELDED) Tensile Strength 118. TYPICAL CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE WIRE Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Nickel Molybdenum .9 ER630 (17-4PH) Techalloy 630 is a precipitation hardening stainless steel used for welding of materials of similar chemical composition.35 13.6 Columbium + Tantalum . the fact that lead to its spontaneous popularity in the automotive industry.000 PSI Elongation 510 MPA 40 MPA 25% TECHALLOY 630 AWS A5.45 .000 PSI 1030 MPA Yield Strength 135.8 4.02 . Welding must be done with very low heat input.44 .000 PSI Elongation 930 MPA 10% www. Carbon . NOTE: Mechanical properties listed to the right reflect utilization of a post-weld heat treatment between 1875°F and 1925°F for one hour. 5 3.02 1.25 0. This structure results in high tensile/yield strength and superior resistance to SCC and pitting corrosion.9 mm) (1.00 1.com / 1-800-638-1458 / Techalloy Welding Products .90 0.035 inches .4 .2 mm) (0.9 ER2594 (Super Duplex Grade) 850 MPA 650 MPA 28% RECOMMENDED WELDING PARAMETERS FOR STAINLESS STEELS Process TIG Diameter of Wire .6 mm) (2.0625 inches SAW 3/32 inches 1/8 inches 5/32 inches www.1 mm) (1.Back to Directory WELDING WIRE AND E L E C T R O D E S 18 STAINLESS STEEL WELDING WIRES PRODUCT USES Techalloy 2209 is a filler material designed to weld duplex stainless steels such as UNS Number N31803.4 8. The welding wire is overalloyed 2-3 percent in Nickel to provide the optimum ferrite/austenite ratio in the finished weld.016 1.2 mm) (4.00 25.1 mm) (1.50 3.0 mm) Voltage (V) 12-15 13-16 14-18 15-20 15-20 24-28 26-29 28-32 29-33 28-30 29-32 30-33 Amperage (A) 60-90 80-110 90-130 120-175 150-220 140-180 160-210 180-250 200-280 275-350 350-450 400-550 Gas 100% Argon 100% Argon 100% Argon 100% Argon 100% Argon 99% Argon + 1% Oxygen or 97% Argon + 3% CO2 99% Argon + 1% Oxygen or 97% Argon + 3% CO2 99% Argon + 1% Oxygen or 97% Argon + 3% CO2 99% Argon + 1% Oxygen or 97% Argon + 3% CO2 Suitable Flux must be used Suitable Flux must be used Suitable Flux must be used MIG .0 PSI Yield Strength 94.45 22.0 PSI Elongation TECHALLOY 2209 AWS A5.techalloy.9 mm) (1.6 mm) (2.045 inches 1/16 inches 3/32 inches 1/8 inches (0. Techalloy 2594 provides matching chemistry and mechanical property characteristics to wrought superduplex alloys such as 2507and Zeron 100. as well as to superduplex casting alloys (ASTM A890).000 PSI Yield Strength 80. The wire is lower in ferrite compared to that of base metal in order to obtain improved weldability.030 inches .18 40 min. TYPICAL CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE WIRE Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Nickel Molybdenum Nitrogen WRC FN Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Nickel Copper Molybdenum Nitrogen .035 inches .2 . The welds are characterized by high tensile strength and improved resistance to stress corrosion cracking and pitting.50 9.250 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ALL WELD METAL (AS WELDED) Tensile Strength 105.045 inches .9 ER2209 (Duplex Grade) 720 MPA 560 MPA 26% TECHALLOY 2594 AWS A5.8 mm) (0.4 mm) (3. 0.500 PSI Elongation Tensile Strength 123.4 mm) (3. 50 27.012 .18 .016 .9 20.72 1.01 .003 .65 23.40 19.015 3.005 .07 .90 Cb +Ta N S .014 0.85 34.75 .4 1.35 .017 .9 ER320LR AWS A5.05 .4 0 0 10 4.65 1.8 13.00 Si .9 ER410 AWS A5.9 ER630 AWS A5.005 .20 9.11 .017 .9 ER2594 Specification 1.45 .80 1.006 .02 Mn 6.51 .46 .014 .2 12.50 Mo Ni 8.45 20.021 .44 .013 .25 .techalloy.11 .016 .40 .4370 AWS A5.003 .46 .019 .62 .44 .017 .80 20.55 4.05 .9 ER308L AWS A5.50 18.10 10.03 .85 1.02 .com / 1-800-638-1458 / Techalloy Welding Products .014 .14 .44 .50 .45 .50 12.6 1.50 9.010 .85 10.65 1.22 3.008 .6 13.52 .35 .9 ER330 AWS A5.6 1.010 .32 19.11 .40 .40 23.42 .012 .009 .1 35.9 ER316LSi AWS A5.39 .60 19.64 1.014 .6 0 .51 .004 .9 ER410NiMo AWS A5.35 1.025 Cu FN 5 8 8 8 12 10 0 30 min 6 8 6 2.00 12.20 16.013 .014 .9 ER310 AWS A5.25 2.05 .10 29.25 .020 .9 ER385 AWS A5.9 ER308H AWS A5.007 .019 .95 8.008 .65 2.45 .66 1.95 4.012 .007 .019 .04 .9 ER317L AWS A5.25 2.012 .95 1.45 1.84 .6 40 min 0.9 ER309LSi AWS A5.10 .50 11.001 .07 .005 .23 .75 1.025 .9 ER409Cb AWS A5.9 ER420 AWS A5.90 .021 .016 .9 ER316L AWS A5.9 ER308LSi AWS A5.78 8.43 .54 1.9 9.50 40 min www.00 Fe BAL BAL BAL BAL BAL BAL BAL BAL BAL BAL BAL BAL BAL BAL BAL BAL BAL BAL BAL BAL BAL BAL BAL BAL Cr 18.40 .012 .85 .017 .9 ER309L AWS A5.45 3.9 ER347 AWS A5.010 .85 .6 25.016 .016 .36 .5 11.48 .87 1.018 .49 22.29 .022 .20 3.004 .25 19.95 19.006 P .015 .014 .70 12.008 .40 25.6 15.010 .5 13.014 .9 ER2209 AWS A5.9 ER430 C .05 .90 1.25 .7 20.019 .48 .2 3.72 .9 ER312 AWS A5.2 16.95 20.19 W E L D I N G W I R E AND ELECTRODES Back to Directory STAINLESS STEEL WELDING WIRES TYPICAL CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF STAINLESS STEEL WIRES Product Techalloy 307 Techalloy 308/308H Techalloy 308/308L Techalloy 308LHS Techalloy 309/309L Techalloy 309LHS Techalloy 310 Techalloy 312 Techalloy 316/316L Techalloy 316LHS Techalloy 317L Techalloy 320LR Techalloy 330 Techalloy 347 Techalloy 385 Techalloy 409Cb Techalloy 410 Techalloy 410NiMo Techalloy 420 Techalloy 430 Techalloy 430LCb Techalloy 630 Techalloy 2209 Techalloy 2594 AWS A5.016 .40 . 4 Balance 7 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ALL WELD METAL (AS WELDED) Tensile Strength 84.035 1.500 PSI Yield Strength 61.04% maximum) that offer increased resistance to intergranular corrosion.58 . The weld deposits exhibit high tensile strength and offer good resistance to abrasion. and consequent susceptibility to intergranular corrosion.65 2. which minimizes the formation of chromium carbides.035 1.0 3.4 E309L-17 410 MPA 36% TECH-ROD 310 AWS A5.04% carbon.4 9.com / 1-800-638-1458 / Techalloy Welding Products .3 Balance 7 . In addition to the resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion.800 PSI Yield Strength 58. 400 MPA 36% TECH-ROD 317L AWS A5.65 .000 PSI Elongation Tensile Strength 88.techalloy.500 PSI Elongation Tensile Strength 109.4 E317L-16 Tensile Strength 82.3 9.4 E308L-16 AWS A5. this consumable offers good resistance to intergranular corrosion.500 PSI Yield Strength 55.52 18. with controlled ferrite.500 PSI Yield Strength 58. Type 309/309L is ideal for joining stainless steel to themselves or to carbon or low alloy steels.000 PSI Elongation 570 MPA 400 MPA 38% www.75 13.55 18. with reduced carbon levels (0.43 19. The weld deposit. Tech-Rod 309L is preferred to Tech-Rod 309 for cladding over carbon or low alloy steels. except the carbon is limited to a maximum of 0.12 1.95 Balance 0 . Tech-Rod 310 electrodes are used to weld stainless steels of similar composition in wrought and cast form.80 . The weld deposit contains a maximum of .000 PAS Yield Strength 78.4 E308L-17 580 MPA 380 MPA 40% 555 MPA TECH-ROD 309/309L AWS A5.4 E316L-16 AWS A5.04%. The weld deposit of Tech-Rod 317L is similar to that of Type 317. and as such calls for minimum heat input during welding.6 Balance 8 . as well as for dissimilar joints which undergo heat treatment.4 E316L-17 The weld deposit of Tech-Rod 316L electrodes is similar to that of Type 316.7 12. except the carbon is limited to a maximum of 0.000 PSI Elongation TECH-ROD 308/308L AWS A5. Tech-Rod 309/309L gives a weld deposit similar to 309.90 .4 E309L-16 AWS A5.52 26.4 E310-16 625 MPA 425 MPA 34% 750 MPA TECH-ROD 312 AWS A5. The extra low carbon content reduces the possibility of carbide precipitation and consequent intergranular corrosion.000 PSI Elongation Tensile Strength 90. Precise control of the carbon content in Tech-Rod 316/316L electrodes provides a weld deposit matching the corrosion resistant qualities of Type 316/16L stainless steel.75 .45 12. TYPICAL CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE DEPOSIT Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Nickel Iron WRC FN Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Nickel Iron WRC FN Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Nickel Iron WRC FN Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Nickel Iron WRC FN Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Nickel Molybdenum Iron WRC FN Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Nickel Molybdenum Iron WRC FN .4 Balance 30 min . The weld deposit is fully austenitic.035 1.000 PSI Elongation Tensile Strength 85.500 PSI Yield Strength 59.2 20.4 E312-16 Tech-Rod 312 electrodes are used for welding wrought and cast alloys of similar composition as well as for welding dissimilar metals. gives excellent notch toughness at -320˚F (-196˚C).04%.56 29. 540 MPA 23% 590 MPA TECH-ROD 316/316L AWS A5.11 1.03 1.30 Balance 7 .Back to Directory WELDING WIRE AND E L E C T R O D E S 20 STAINLESS STEEL ELECTRODES PRODUCT USES Tech-Rod 308/308L is a low carbon electrode used to weld Types 304L and 347.53 23.65 . 24 Chromium 19.000 PSI Yield Strength 57.000 PSI Elongation 540 MPA 430 MPA 23% TECH-ROD 410NiMo AWS A5. the low melting constituents such as carbon.com / 1-800-638-1458 / Techalloy Welding Products . however.5 25. as such.52 . with carbon.000 PSI Yield Strength 57.2 4. silicon.4 E385-16 (904L) 610 MPA 450 MPA 32% TECH-ROD 410 AWS A5.65 .03 . erosion. These materials are used in fabrication of equipment and vessels for handling and storing sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid.52 Balance Tensile Strength 110.500 PSI Yield Strength 91.1 .9 Molybdenum 2. This composition is designed to reduce the possibility of microfissuring. The columbium content is approximately ten times the carbon content.4 E410-16 Tensile Strength 78.55 . Tech-Rod 385 is used for welding materials of similar chemical composition (UNS Number N08904).45 34.48 15. Tensile Strength 84. and sulfur controlled to lower limits and columbium and manganese kept to a narrower range.500 PSI Yield Strength 63.12 .21 1. TYPICAL CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE DEPOSIT Carbon . being an airhardening type.techalloy.9 .500 PSI Elongation 580 MPA 390 MPA 26% TECH-ROD 347 AWS A5.8 Nickel 33. low heat input is advisable for welding. calls for a preheat and interpass temperature of not less than 400˚F (200˚C) during welding.52 12.4 Columbium + Tantalum .1 Balance MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ALL WELD METAL (AS WELDED) Tensile Strength 85.21 W E L D I N G W I R E AND ELECTRODES Back to Directory STAINLESS STEEL ELECTRODES PRODUCT USES Tech-Rod 320LR is similar in composition to Tech-Rod 320. phosphorus.000 PSI Elongation 800 MPA 630 MPA 17% www.4 Balance 0 . Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Nickel Molybdenum Iron .000 PSI Elongation TECH-ROD 320LR AWS A5.4 E347-16 590 MPA 390 MPA 35% TECH-ROD 385 AWS A5.52 19.6 Balance 7 .4 E330-16 Tech-Rod 330 electrodes are used to weld wrought and cast forms of stainless steel of similar chemical composition. This material. Welding must be done with low heat input.4 E320LR-16 590 MPA 390 MPA 34% TECH-ROD 330 AWS A5.500 PSI Yield Strength 57.45 12. using stringer bead technique.000 PSI Elongation Tensile Strength 88. Preheat and interpass temperatures of not less than 300˚F (150˚C) are recommended during welding. Tech-Rod 347 electrodes are columbium stabilized stainless steel electrodes used for welding Types 347 and 321 stainless and stainless clad steels. it precludes intergranular corrosion under severe operating conditions.024 Manganese 2.55 Sulfur . high sulfur environments adversely affect the high temperature performance. and phosphorus should be kept low.4 E410NiMo-16 Tech-Rod 410NiMo is designed to weld materials of similar chemical composition in cast and wrought forms. and when this product is used to weld stabilized Type 347 or 321 parent metal.000 PSI Elongation Tensile Strength 86.68 .000 PSI Yield Strength 65.05 Silicon . which offer good heat and scale resistance above 1800˚F (980˚ C).050 1.1 4.6 1. The heat input has to be kept to a minimum during welding to avoid the possibility of microfissuring.011 Iron Balance WRC FN 0 Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Nickel Iron WRC FN Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Nickel Columbium Iron WRC FN Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Nickel Molybdenum Copper Iron WRC FN Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Iron . However.45 20. NOTE: Mechanical properties listed to the right reflect utilization of a post-weld heat treatment between 1550˚F and 1650˚ F for two hours.015 2. silicon. NOTE: Mechanical properties listed to the right reflect utilization of a post-weld treatment between 1100˚F and 1150˚F for one hour. Tech-Rod 410 is designed to weld stainless steels of similar chemical composition as well as to overlay carbon steels to impart corrosion. The weld metal is fully austenitic and.27 Copper 3.15 . and abrasion resistance.75 Balance 0 .15 10. 50 3. but with the dilution from mild or low alloy steel. Peen to relieve stresses.25 0. The electrode is overalloyed 2% to 3% in nickel to provide the optimum ferrite/austenite ratio in the finished weld. it could become martensitic. as well as to superduplex casting alloys (ASTM A890). corrosion. The micro-structure of the weld metal consists of austenite and ferrite.25 Balance 40 min Tensile Strength 102.com / 1-800-638-1458 / Techalloy Welding Products .4 E2594 (Super Duplex Grade) Tensile Strength 130.16 Balance 35 min 0.02 1. This electrode is used for joining and overlaying a variety of steels such as carbon and spring steels. The ferrite of weld metal will be lower than the ferrite of Type 2205 base metal.4 Balance MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ALL WELD METAL (AS WELDED) Tensile Strength 74.500 PSI Elongation TECH-ROD 430 AWS A5.3 .000 PSI Yield Strength 87. WELDING PROCEDURES: Clean weld area and bevel heavy sections.05 . Not heat treatable. and pitting.000 PSI Yield Strength 65. preheating and interpass temperatures of 300˚F (150˚C) during welding are recommended. This structure results in high tensile and yield strengths and superior resistance to SCC and pitting corrosion. The welds offer excellent resistance to stress corrosion cracking. TYPICAL CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE DEPOSIT Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Iron .000 PSI Elongation is 2” Hardness 830 MPA 450 MPA 15 .00 25. stainless steels and dissimilar steels.0 PSI Yield Strength 101. Tech-Rod 2209 is used to weld duplex stainless steels such as UNS Number N31803.25% 200-300 BHN www. Weld AC or DC.50 9.65 .000 PSI Yield Strength 58.42 16.0 PSI Elongation 900 MPA 695 MPA 31% TECH-ROD WELD-ALL Tensile Strength 120.4 8. Welding of duplex stainless steels calls for controlled parameters to achieve specified mechanical and corrosion resistance properties.52 22.Back to Directory WELDING WIRE AND E L E C T R O D E S 22 STAINLESS STEEL ELECTRODES PRODUCT USES Tech-Rod 430 is designed to weld materials of similar chemical composition as well as overlay on carbon steels. tool and die grades.90 0. The undiluted weld metal is ferritic. Tech-Rod 2594-16 is a superduplex grade electrode that provides matching chemistry and mechanical property characteristics to wrought superduplex alloys such as 2507 and Zeron 100.4 E430-16 530 MPA 400 MPA 23% 700 MPA TECH-ROD 2209 AWS A5.9 3.65 . Deposits are of high strength with satisfactory elongation and resistance to wear.4 E2209-16 (Duplex Grade) Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Nickel Molybdenum Nitrogen Iron WRC FN Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Nickel Copper Molybdenum Nitrogen Iron WRC FN . and impact.00 1.techalloy. Preheat to 400˚F. Therefore.000 PSI Elongation 600 MPA 22% TECH-ROD 2594-16 AWS A5. Hold a short arc and run stringer beads for high alloy tool steels.02 1. 4 Cb +Ta N * * * * * * * S .8 mm) Voltage (V) 24-28 26-30 28-32 28-32 Flat 70-85 85-110 110-140 120-160 Vertical & Overhead 65-75 80-90 100-120 110-130 www.022 .024 .015 .56 .80 1.025 Cu 7 8 0 FN 30 min 4 7 7 3.022 .016 .45 .4 E320LR-16 AWS A5.04% and .009 .2 29.021 .02 Mn 1.12 .017 .4 E385-16 AWS A5.5 0 0 7 1.52 .90 1.018 .45 26.4 E2209-16 AWS A5.022 .27 * * * * * 4.40 2.024 .055 .00 Si .4 E2594 C .05 .0 mm) (4.42 .024 .4 E410NiMo-16 AWS A5.035 .50 Mo Ni 9.15 20.00 Fe BAL BAL BAL BAL BAL BAL BAL BAL BAL BAL BAL BAL BAL BAL BAL BAL Cr 19.7 0 2.techalloy.50 12.024 .23 W E L D I N G W I R E AND ELECTRODES Back to Directory STAINLESS STEEL ELECTRODES TYPICAL CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF STAINLESS STEEL ELECTRODES Product Tech-Rod 308/308L Tech-Rod 309/309L Tech-Rod 310 Tech-Rod 312 Tech-Rod 316 Tech-Rod 316/316L Tech-Rod 317L Tech-Rod 320LR Tech-Rod 330 Tech-Rod 347 Tech-Rod 385 Tech-Rod 410 Tech-Rod 410NiMo Tech-Rod 430 Tech-Rod 2209 Tech-Rod 2594-16 Tech-Rod Weld-All Specification AWS A5.4 mm) (3.45 19.4 E312-16 AWS A5.021 .80 15.4 E410-16 AWS A5.4 E330-16 AWS A5.4 E310-16 AWS A5.30 3.11 .016 .90 12.035 .55 * * 3.65 1.com / 1-800-638-1458 / Techalloy Welding Products .40 12.08% TYPICAL ELECTRODE SIZES & CURRENTS FOR SMAW WELDING OF STAINLESS STEELS Amperage (A) Process SMAW Diameter of Wire 3/32 inches 1/8 inches 5/32 inches 3/16 inches (2.10 16.4 E308L-16 AWS A5.90 8.012 .022 .00 33.16 .90 34.025 .45 .024 .15 .56 .60 25.3 18.75 19.65 2.019 .4 E316-16 AWS A5.20 .55 .48 .03 .4 E308L-17 AWS A5.4 E347-16 AWS A5.50 40 min * Nitrogen in these weld deposits is usually between .70 1.65 13.050 .52 .10 12.019 .4 10.01 P .021 .10 .52 .023 .018 .40 22.43 .021 .12 .40 23.021 .012 .58 1.95 9.3 3.85 18.4 E309L-17 AWS A5.2 mm) (4.035 .52 4.4 E316L-16 AWS A5.011 .4 E316L-17 AWS A5.014 .52 .9 1.4 25.03 .6 20.65 2.60 .05 1.4 E317L-16 AWS A5.25 .023 .70 18.25 35 min 0.9 9.52 .02 .4 E430-16 AWS A5.24 .52 1.75 1.3 12.020 .024 .21 .65 1.68 .53 .65 1.4 E309L-16 AWS A5.35 2. Welding Requirements To weld stainless steels. ferrite reduces corrosion resistance. 300 Series stainless steels contain iron. The 400 Series can be divided into ferritic grades and martensitic grades.1%. None of the above requires any preheat or interpass temperature or post weld heat treatment. Nonetheless. 309LSi and 312. However. However. If the resulting ferrite is too high. in which case the resulting ferrite in the weld deposit. there is some ferrite in several grades. which contain higher ferrite are used for welding dissimilar metals. Each grade calls for different preheat and interpass welding temperatures. nickel and carbon as principal ingredients. Formation of micro-fissures could be avoided by selecting the low heat input process of welding such as TIG or shielded metal arc with up to 1/8” diameter electrodes. avoidance of contamination of product. • The process of welding. or carbon levels below 0. 2FN or less – there could be a problem of microfissuring in the welds. Not all 400 Series are weldable. Fully austenitic grades give rise to micro-fissuring during welding. three factors are to be considered: • The type of stainless steel material that is to be welded. These materials are prone to develop micro-fissures during welding.Back to Directory WELDING WIRE AND E L E C T R O D E S 24 SUGGESTIONS FOR WELDING STAINLESS STEELS Stainless steels were primarily developed to render corrosion resistance. chromium. 400 Series stainless steels contain iron. These are called austenitic steels. The stainless steels which do not contain any ferrite are called fully austenitic steels. which could be eliminated by choosing low heat input processes along with restricted low melting constituents in the weld metal. which could occur between 800˚F and 1100˚F. The consumables selected for welding these materials should be able to deposit weld metal with low levels of impurities and low melting constituents. Weldable 400 Series stainless steels are also called straight chromium steels. These modified grades and the higher chromium grades up to 30% have markedly decreased hardenability and are called ferritic stainless steels. There are certain other requirements that must be met in every stainless application.techalloy.com / 1-800-638-1458 / Techalloy Welding Products . and the only choice for such media is to opt for fully austenitic grades. Welding 300 Series Stainless Steels The 300 Series consists of two types of material: those which contain ferrite and austenite. after dilution from the base materials. If the ferrite after dilution is too low – say. and those which contain only austenite. The martensitic grades contain chromium from 11-14% and are air hardenable unless modified with an addition of aluminum. as they can withstand a variety of corrosion media. Welding of austenitic stainless steels with more than 10% ferrite should be done with low interpass temperature in order to avoid temper embrittlement. A small amount of ferrite is necessary to stop cracking during solidification of welds. in certain media. chromium. columbium. They may include corrosion resistance in a particular medium. 400 Series and others. titanium. and carbon as principal ingredients. The other grades which do not contain any ferrite are called fully austenitic grades. These grades are very popular in the fabrication industry. and the nickel content from 5% to 35%. such welds undergo faster embrittlement and it is advisable to limit such welds to one or two layers. as the microstructure of these grades is predominantly austenite. There are several grades of stainless steels which can be broadly grouped into 300 Series. • The distortion caused by welding. www. The chromium content of these steels ranges from 16% to 30%. Some grades such as 309L. resistance to oxidation and carburization at elevated temperatures as well as the ability to provide requisite mechanical strength. heating up to 150˚F before welding is advisable to evaporate any condensed moisture in the joint. The second group of stainless steels is the 300 Series. should be taken into consideration. since their major alloying element is chromium. Welding Duplex and Super Duplex Stainless Steels Duplex and super duplex stainless steels were developed to combine the best properties of austenitic and ferritic steels. compared to 300 Series stainless steels. Open cans of electrodes exposed to a high humidity atmosphere for more than four hours or low humidity for more than eight hours should be reconditioned before using by baking in a drying oven for 1-2 hours at 400˚F – 500˚F. and is extremely sensitive to air hardening. Techalloy 420 is a martensitic grade. but it is advisable to heat to 200˚F to avoid condensation in the joint. These steels are resistant to corrosion as well as to stress corrosion cracking and pitting from hydrocarbon compounds. The electrodes should be transferred to a holding oven when the package is opened to stop them from absorbing moisture from the atmosphere. Control of heat input during welding is essential to avoid formation of intermetallic phases. Some principal functions of the flux are: • To ionize the arc atmosphere and improve metal transfer • To generate shielding gases.com / 1-800-638-1458 / Techalloy Welding Products .3 (%Mo) +16(%N) Electrode Storage & Reconditioning Coated electrodes just removed from sealed containers are intended to be used as is from the container. The major welding processes are: • Shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) • Submerged arc welding (SAW) • TIG welding • MIG welding • FCAW SMAW Welding In shielded metal arc welding. 65 Ksi (450 N/ mm2). The coating flux contains various minerals in order to impart different characteristics to welding. 430 and 430LCb grades which are ferritic do not require preheat. and thus protect the molten weld metal from atmospheric oxidation • To provide slag coverage to the molten weld metal • To provide deoxidants to react with dissolved oxygen in the weld metal and protect alloying elements • To provide alloying elements to the weld • To make a clean slag-metal separation on solidification. and in some cases post-weld heating to avoid formation of brittle structure called martensite. www. They have higher yield strength. Higher nickel is required to reduce ferrite in order to obtain optimum mechanical properties. 100 Ksi (69 N/mm2).25 W E L D I N G W I R E AND ELECTRODES Back to Directory SUGGESTIONS FOR WELDING STAINLESS STEELS Welding 400 Series Stainless Steels Welding most of the 400 Series stainless steels calls for maintaining preheat and interpass temperatures. and should be preheated and welded above 600˚F and subjected to post-weld heating at 500˚F for one hour. Duplex stainless steels typically have a pitting index between 35 and 38. Electrodes from open containers should be stored in a holding oven at 215˚F – 240˚F. Welding Processes Influence of welding processes and parameters also are to be considered for welding stainless steels. and higher tensile strength. Duplex and super duplex stainless steels are sensitive to embrittlement around 900˚F and could rapidly form brittle inter-metallic phases (such as “CHI” and “SIGMA”) between 1300˚F and 1500˚F. and super duplexes typically have a pitting index above 40. Techalloy 410 calls for a preheat and interpass temperature of 400˚F to avoid possible formation of martensite. Techalloy 409Cb. the consumable used for welding is a coated electrode. Filler metals to weld duplex and super duplex stainless steels will have similar chemical composition to that of the parent metal except that the nickel is higher by 3% to 4%. Heat input in the range of 15-60 KJ/inch is recommended for welding.techalloy. Pitting index is calculated with the following formula: PITTING INDEX = %Cr +3. Control of Distortion Due to Welding Two factors contribute to distortion: • The thermal coefficient of expansion of austenitic stainless steels is very high compared to that of mild steels. which must be controlled by using suitable jigs. TIG Welding In TIG welding. The consumable wire is melted in the arc atmosphere and the inert gases like argon or helium or their mixture are used as shielding gases. which work on the principle of measuring the magnetic strength. shape. and for making root pass welding in pipes. slag and metal separate by virtue of the difference in their specific gravities. MIG Welding Gas-Metal-Arc welding is generally called MIG (metal inert gas) welding. • By calculating from the chemical composition with the help of diagrams developed by Schaeffler. and the distortion is the lowest of any welding process. and the slag will be chipped off. Due to the combination of the above factors. Shielding gases are chosen taking quality. The welding parameters. the flux is separately fed into the joint where the consumable wire establishes an arc beneath the flux. In this process. Ferrite can also be estimated from the chemical composition of undiluted weld metal using multiple regression charts. and the consumable www. and orientation of ferrite could influence the accuracy of measurements. the wire as well as some part of the flux melts. thermal experience. The functions of the flux are similar to those in shielded metal arc welding. and on solidification. the arc is struck between the workpiece and a non-consumable electrode like thoriated tungsten for welding ferrous materials. • By metallographic methods. and the size. Ferrite can be measured from an undiluted weld metal employing a calibrated instrument. and the welding machines are easily transportable. DeLong. The arc atmosphere is shielded by gases like: • 100% argon • 99% argon with 1% oxygen • 97% argon with 3% carbon dioxide MIG welding is a high-productivity process. since the heat input in this process is minimal. TIG welds do not cause any undercuts or excessive penetration.com / 1-800-638-1458 / Techalloy Welding Products . and Welding Research Council. the first two items are popular. and balanced heat input during welding. TIG welds provide superior quality weld metal.Back to Directory WELDING WIRE AND E L E C T R O D E S 26 SUGGESTIONS FOR WELDING STAINLESS STEELS SAW Welding In submerged arc welding. MIG welding doesn’t need expensive machinery. fixtures. TIG is extremely suitable for joining thin sheets and tubes. assume an important role. the weld metal makes the joint. stainless steels undergo distortion. and zirconiated tungsten for aluminum. cost and operability into consideration. shielding gas. As the welding head moves along the joint. Measured ferrite and estimated ferrite could differ to a certain extent. but the productivity is low. Heat input is high in SAW leading to higher productivity. welding parameters. In the heat generated from the arc. making this process very popular on construction sites. the consumable travels through a nozzle and a tip before it strikes an arc with the workpiece. • The conductivity of heat of stainless steels is much less than that of mild steels.techalloy. In MIG welding. Of the above. while the third approach is laborious and time-consuming. Estimation of Delta Ferrite in Austenetic Stainless Steel There are three methods of estimating ferrite in stainless steels: • By measuring with instruments like MagnaGauge. 5 x %Cb SCH A A + EFFL ER M LIN E WRC FERRITE NUMBER AUSTENITE 0 2 4 6 PRIOR MAGNETIC PERCENT FERRITE 8 0% 2% 4% 6% 6% 7.8% 13 10 12 14 16 18 AUSTENITE PLUS FERRITE DELONG DIAGRAM: Calculate the nickel and chromium equivalents from the weld metal analysis. % 2 9. www. If nitrogen analysis of the weld metal is not available.3% 12 .08% for GMA weld metals. . 309. and 317 families.7% 10 . 316.27 W E L D I N G W I R E AND ELECTRODES Back to Directory SUGGESTIONS FOR WELDING STAINLESS STEELS WRC-1992 DIAGRAM FOR STAINLESS STEEL WELD METAL 18 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 18 Nieq = Ni + 35C + 20N+ 0.5 X % Mn 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 CHROMIUM EQUIVALENT = %Cr + %Mo + 1. assume 0.com / 1-800-638-1458 / Techalloy Welding Products .techalloy.25Cu 16 8 A 0 4 16 12 2 6 14 AF 20 16 24 14 28 10 18 35 14 45 22 30 55 26 40 12 FA 50 65 60 75 70 85 80 95 12 F 90 10 0 10 10 18 20 26 24 22 Creq = Cr + Mo + 0.5 x %Si + 0. or 0.7 Cb 28 30 DELONG (FN) DIAGRAM FOR STAINLESS STEEL WELD METAL NICKEL EQUIVALENT = % Ni + 30 X % C + 30 X % N + 0. The DeLong diagram predicts the WRC Ferrite Number within plus or minus 3 in approximately 90% of the tests for the 308.06% for GTA and covered electrode. Back to Directory WELDING WIRE AND E L E C T R O D E S 28 LOW ALLOY STEEL WIRES A strong tradition has helped position Techalloy as a leading supplier of Low Alloy solid wires for critical fabrications.08 . calls for preheat and interpass temperatures of not less than 350˚F during welding.19 9.500 PSI Elongation Impact Strength @ 32˚F (0˚C) 60 ft-lbs Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Molybdenum .44 .28 ER90S-B3 Techalloy 90S-B3 is designed for gas metal arc welding of 2-1/4 Cr / 1 Mo steels.2 ER80S-B6 Techalloy 80S-B6 is designed to weld materials of similar chemical composition. NOTE: Mechanical properties (listed to the right) reflect utilization of a post-weld heat treatment of 1400˚F for two hours. NOTE: Mechanical properties (listed to the right) reflect utilization of a post-weld heat treatment between 1125˚F and 1175˚F for one hour. A preheat and interpass temperature of not less than 350˚F should be maintained during welding.60 .500 PSI Elongation 650 MPA 550 MPA 19% Impact Strength @ 68˚F (20˚C) 80 ft-lbs 105 Joules Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Nickel Molybdenum Vanadium Columbium Iron .07 Balance Tensile Strength 112.95 .com / 1-800-638-1458 / Techalloy Welding Products .28 ER80S-B2 590 MPA 490 MPA 21% 80 Joules 540 MPA TECHALLOY 80S-B6 (Techalloy 502) AWS A5. which are used for high temperature applications.48 1.500 PSI Yield Strength 80.18 .techalloy.55 .11 .36 5.45 . which are used for high temperature service. NOTE: Mechanical properties (listed to the right) reflect utilization of a post-weld heat treatment between 1250˚F and 1300˚F for one hour.500 PSI Yield Strength 60.10 . being an air-hardening type.000 PSI Elongation Impact Strength 40 ft-lbs at room temp.5 . 54 Joules 772 MPA TECHALLOY 90S-B9 AWS A5.000 PSI Yield Strength 71. interpass and post weld heat treatment.34 9.05 Tensile Strength 79.55 1.35 . for high temperature service applications. Preheating and interpass temperatures of not less than 300˚F must be used during welding.09 . NOTE: Mechanical properties (listed to the right) reflect utilization of a post-weld heat treatment between 1550˚F and 1600˚F for two hours.55 Tensile Strength 78.28 ER80S-B8 Techalloy 80S-B8 is designed for welding materials of similar composition.62 . 690 MPA 17% www.45 . This is an air-hardening material and as such calls for preheat and interpass temperatures of 350˚F minimum during welding.28 ER90S-B9 For welding 9 CrMo P91 grade steels.500 PSI Elongation PRODUCT USES Techalloy 80S-B2 is designed for the gas metal arc welding of 1-1/4 Cr / 1/2 Mo steels.000 PSI Elongation 550 MPA 430 MPA 30% TECHALLOY 90S-B3 AWS A5. Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Molybdenum . MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ALL WELD METAL (AS WELDED) Tensile Strength 85. This alloy.48 2.0 .07 .15 1. Requires controlled preheat. TYPICAL CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE WIRE Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Molybdenum .55 TECHALLOY 80S-B2 AWS A5.000 PSI Yield Strength 63.08 Tensile Strength 94. NOTE: Mechanical properties (listed to the right) reflect utilization of a post-weld heat treatment between 1550˚F and 1600˚F for two hours.000 PSI Yield Strength 100. 420 MPA 32% TECHALLOY 80S-B8 (Techalloy 505) AWS A5. Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Molybdenum . Mechanical properties listed to the right reflect utilization of a post-weld heat treatment of 1125˚F to 1175˚F for one hour. TYPICAL CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE WIRE Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Nickel Molybdenum Iron . Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Molybdenum Iron .25 1. low alloy steel welding wire developed for welding HY100 and other high strength steels. and the postweld heat treatment. Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Molybdenum Iron .07 1. combined with low temperature ductility are prime considerations. NOTE: Mechanical properties (listed to the right) of welds are greatly influenced by the flux used as well as the heat input and the post-weld heat treatment.30 2.10 .65 .500 PSI Elongation Impact Strength @ -60˚F / -51˚C 60 ft-lbs 730 MPA 15% 80 Joules 580 MPA TECHALLOY 515 AWS A5.31 . Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Nickel Molybdenum Iron . A preheat and interpass temperature of not less than 300˚F is required during welding.28 ER110S-1 790 MPA 680 MPA 17% 87 Joules 860 MPA TECHALLOY 120S-1 AWS A5.55 .000 PSI Elongation 900 MPA 11% www. NOTE: Mechanical properties of welds (listed to the right) are governed by the heat treatment undergone by the weld metal.500 PSI Yield Strength 71. This wire can be used for TIG.000 PSI Elongation Impact Strength @ -60˚F / -51˚C 60 ft-lbs TECHALLOY 110S-1 AWS A5.52 . NOTE: Mechanical properties of welds (listed to the right) are greatly influenced by the preheat.55 . A preheat and interpass temperature of not les than 300˚F should be maintained during welding.techalloy. Mechanical properties reflect utilization of a postweld heat treatment of 1250˚F to 1300˚F for one hour. as well as for overlays where moderate hardness is required.42 Balance MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ALL WELD METAL (AS WELDED) Tensile Strength 114.20 Balance Tensile Strength 145.com / 1-800-638-1458 / Techalloy Welding Products .69 . low alloy welding wire for joining steels of similar chemical composition.30 .28 ER120S-1 Techalloy 120S-1 is a high strength. A preheat and interpass temperature of not less than 400˚F is required during welding.28 . A preheat and interpass temperature of not less than 350˚F should be maintained during welding.50 Balance Tensile Strength 124.500 PSI Yield Strength 80.000 PSI 1.500 PSI Yield Strength 98.48 . The weld deposits also give adequate low temperature toughness down to -60˚F.02 Balance Tensile Strength 94.55 1.5 Mo wire for submerged arc welding applications of steels with similar chemical composition.23 EB2 Techalloy 515 is a 1-1/4 Cr / .000 PSI Elongation 490 MPA 22% TECHALLOY 521 AWS A5. MIG and submerged arc welding applications.45 . interpass temperature. the heat input.08 1.29 W E L D I N G W I R E AND ELECTRODES Back to Directory LOW ALLOY STEEL WIRES PRODUCT USES Techalloy 110S-1 is intended for applications where high strength. A preheat and interpass temperature of not less than 300˚F is recommended during welding.45 .000 MPA Yield Strength 130.54 Balance Tensile Strength 84. Mechanical properties are for weld metal oil quenched from 1550˚F and tempered at 1050˚F. low alloy steels. the heat input.000 PSI Yield Strength 106. and the postweld heat treatment.93 . NOTE: Mechanical properties of welds (listed to the right) are greatly influenced by the preheat.55 . interpass temperature.500 PSI Elongation 650 MPA 560 MPA 19% TECHALLOY 4130 Techalloy 4130 is a high strength. Applications include welding of HY100 and other high strength. Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Molybdenum Iron .22 2.23 EB3 Techalloy 521 is a 2-1/2 Cr / 1 Mo wire for submerged arc welding applications of steels with similar chemical composition.09 . NOTE: Mechanical properties of welds (listed to the right) are greatly influenced by the flux used as well as the heat input and the post-weld heat treatment.35 2. 035 inches .55 .45 .05 1.55 .35 1. where its relevant classifications is AWS A5.23 EG 720 MPA 610 MPA 25% 67 Joules TYPICAL CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF LOW ALLOY WIRES Product Techalloy 80S-B2 Techalloy 80S-B6 Techalloy 80S-B8 Techalloy 90S-B3 Techalloy 90S-B9 Techalloy 110S-1 Techalloy 120S-1 Techalloy 515 Techalloy 521 Techalloy 4130 Techalloy AK-10 AWS A5.02 .45 .045 inches 1/16 inches MIG – Short Circuiting Transfer .45 9.55 .60 1.30 .12 1. The requirement of preheat and interpass temperatures should be determined taking the base plate chemistry and thickness into consideration.08 .18 .50 .28 ER110S-1 AWS A5.60 .09 .28 ER80S-B2 AWS A5.035 inches .000 PSI Yield Strength 88.weld heat treatment. weld metal undergoes globular transfer.40 Balance MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ALL WELD METAL (AS WELDED) Tensile Strength 104.30 2.55 1.045 inches 1/16 inches 3/32 inches 1/8 inches Voltage (V) 10-12 10-12 12-15 15-20 15-20 28-32 30-34 30-34 22-25 23-26 Amperage (A) 50-70 70-100 100-125 125-175 175-250 165-200 180-220 230-260 100-140 120-150 Gas 100% Argon 100% Argon 100% Argon 100% Argon 100% Argon 98% Argon + 2% Oxygen 75% Argon + 25% CO2 100% CO2 100% CO2* 75% Argon + 25% CO2 MIG – Spray Transfer .52 1.93 .42 .45 2.08 .08 .5 2.95 .10 .55 .com / 1-800-638-1458 / Techalloy Welding Products .28 ER100S-G Specification AWS A5.95 RECOMMENDED WELDING PARAMETERS FOR TIG AND MIG WELDING OF LOW ALLOY STEELS Process TIG Diameter of Wire .5 .95 .45 Si .20 .40 Ni V .Back to Directory WELDING WIRE AND E L E C T R O D E S 30 LOW ALLOY STEEL WIRES PRODUCT USES Techalloy AK-10 is a low alloy steel welding wire developed for welding of high strength steels with adequate ductility at low temperatures.09 .23 EB2 AWS A5.000 PSI Elongation Impact Strength @ -75°F/-59°C 50 ft-lbs TECHALLOY AK-10* AWS A5.15 2.36 .28 ER90S-B3 AWS A5.45 .55 1. NOTE: Mechanical properties (listed to the right) of welds are greatly influenced by the preheat.035 inches .62 .30 Mo .19 .65 .12 Mn . The hardness of the undiluted weld will be less than 235 BHN. TYPICAL CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE WIRE Carbon Manganese Silicon Chromium Nickel Molybdenum Iron .25 . the heat input.28 ER100S-G *This grade can also be used for submerged arc welding.48 .48 .28 ER120S-1 AWS A5.30 .23 EB3 C .55 9.2 ER80S-B6 AWS A5.0 .34 .28 .07 .22 .44 .69 .28 ER80S-B8 AWS A5. and the post.045 inches *With 100% CO2 gas shielding.techalloy.10 .11 .60 Fe BAL BAL BAL BAL BAL BAL BAL BAL BAL BAL BAL Cr 1.31 . interpass temperature.35 5.28 ER90S-B9 AWS A5.07 .54 1. www.45 . and nickel – and in some specific types vanadium and copper appear as alloying elements. and the consumables. molybdenum. since they have high creep resistance. The arc atmosphere is shielded www. TIG welds provide superior quality weld metal. TIG WELDING In TIG welding. the arc is struck between the workpiece and the non-consumable electrode like thoriated tungsten for welding of ferrous materials and zirconiated tungsten for aluminum. the metal gets oxidized. leaving inclusions and porosity in weld metal. and flow rate of the shielding gas. the liquid weld metal travels from the tip of the consumable in the form of tiny globules to the workpiece. or there could be insufficient melting of the wire. shielding gases. If the gas pressure is insufficient. and 100% carbon dioxide. They contain carbon. resulting in improper fusion. the liquid metal travels in the form of droplets. Usually the droplet or short-circuiting technique is used in root pass welding. feed of the wire. TIG is extremely suitable for joining thin sheets and tubes. and speed determine the heat input. Voltage. voltage. The smooth functioning of MIG welding depends on welding parameters. 75% argon with 25% carbon dioxide. amperage. In droplet transfer. and operates at lower current densities. There are two different techniques in MIG welding • Spray transfer • Droplet transfer/short-circuit type In spray type. MIG WELDING Gas-Metal-Arc welding is generally called MIG (metal inert gas) welding. Low alloy steels with chromium and molybdenum are designed for moderately high temperature applications. manganese. but the productivity is low. In this process. speed of welding.31 W E L D I N G W I R E AND ELECTRODES Back to Directory SUGGESTIONS FOR WELDING LOW ALLOY STEELS Low alloy steels are used for higher strengths and service environments of high and low temperatures. TIG welds do not cause any undercuts or excessive penetration. followed by spray transfer for the rest of the welding. The consumable wire is melted in the arc atmosphere and the inert gases like argon or helium or their mixture are used as shielding gases. the welding does not perform well.techalloy. and the distortion is the lowest of any welding process. by gases such as 100% argon. For still higher temperatures. ferritic and martensitic stainless steels are used. The welding parameters are amperage. the consumable travels through a nozzle and a tip before it strikes an arc with the workpiece.com / 1-800-638-1458 / Techalloy Welding Products . The feed of the wire has to be adjusted to suit the voltage and amperage. Spray transfer is achieved with higher current densities. chromium. If these parameters are not synchronized. 98% argon with 2% oxygen. and for making root pass welding in pipes. since the heat input in this process is minimal. There could be burnback fusing the tips. GMAW (MIG) GTAW (TIG) SAW (Sub-Arc) SMAW (Electrodes) STANDARD DIAMETERS . .24#/box 3 tubes – 30#/box A – Available upon request GMAW A A S S A GTAW SAW SMAW S S S A A A A A A S S # – Pounds www.techalloy. standard imperial size will be substituted.045” 1/8” 1/8” 5/32” 1/16” 5/32” 5/32” 3/16” PACKAGING OPTIONS Item 2# Spool 10# Spool 33# Plastic Spool 33# Wire Spool 60# Spool 60# Coil 10# Tubes (36”) 50# Bulk (36”) 250# Reel 500# Reel 250# Tech Pak 500# Tech Pak 500# Pay-off Pak 700# Pay-off Pak 8# Poly Tube (3/32” x 12”) 10# Poly Tube (3/32” x 14”) S – Standard Packaging (may vary by alloy) Standard Package 20 spools – 40#/box 4 spools – 40# /box 1 spool – 33#/box 1 spool – 33#/box 1 spool – 60#/box 1 coil – 60#/box 3 tubes-30#/box 60 cartons/skid 3 reels/skid 3 reels/skid 2 paks/skid 2 paks/skid 4 paks/skid 4 paks/skid 3 tubes . For example.030” 1/16” 1/16” 3/32” .035” 3/32” 3/32” 1/8” .Back to Directory WELDING WIRE AND E L E C T R O D E S 32 PACKAGING OPTIONS Unless a customer specifies that exact metric size is required.045” standard will be supplied instead of 1.com / 1-800-638-1458 / Techalloy Welding Products .2 mm wire unless otherwise specified at the time of the order. 048 decimeters 39.03125 .371 cubic decimeters 0.9219 .53125 .35 grams 2.26563 .4047 hectare 0.35938 Fraction 3/8 25/64 13/32 27/64 7/16 29/64 15/32 31/64 1/2 33/64 17/32 35/64 9/16 37/64 19/23 39/64 5/8 41/64 21/32 43/64 11/16 45/64 23/32 Decimal .4375 .techalloy.51563 .8125 .15625 .1076 square foot 9.328 foot 3.908 quart dry / 1.6719 .54688 .6250 .2903 square decimeter 1.1550 square inches 6.09.37 mile 1.23438 .0000 MEASURE OF VOLUME Volume Measures 1 cubic centimeter 1 cubic inch 1 cubic centimeter 1 cubic foot 1 cubic yard 1 stere 1 cord 1 liter 1 quart dry 1 quart liquid 1 dekaliter 1 gallon 1 peck 1 hektoliter 1 bushel Metric Equivalents 0.57813 .42188 .3524 hektoliter www.7500 .33 W E L D I N G W I R E AND ELECTRODES Back to Directory TABLES AND CHARTS LINEAR MEASUREMENTS Linear Measures 1 centimeter 1 inch 1 decimeter 1 foot 1 meter 1 yard 1 dekameter 1 rod 1 kilometer 1 mile WEIGHT MEASUREMENTS Weight Measures 1 gram 1 ounce 1 kilogram 1 pound 1 metric ton 1 English ton Metric Equivalents 0.46875 .14063 .452 square centimeters 0.28125 .37 inches / 1.8281 .47 acres 0.6563 .25 .32813 .9144 meter 1.01563 .9531 .54 centimeters 3.196 square yards 0.36 yards 0.0625 .8438 .29688 .2046 pounds 0. 1.34375 .6406 .com / 1-800-638-1458 / Techalloy Welding Products .9884 rods 0.0567 quarts liq.6˚F 95˚F 86˚F 77˚F 68˚F Metric Equivalents 0.881 dekaliter 2.3785 dekaliter 0.8594 .7813 .59 square kilometers FRACTION/DECIMAL EQUIVALENTS Fraction 1/64 1/32 3/64 1/16 5/64 3/32 7/64 1/8 9/64 5/32 11/64 3/16 13/64 7/32 15/64 1/4 17/64 9/32 19/64 5/16 21/64 11/32 23/64 Decimal .9463 liter 2.9844 1.8750 .264 steres 0.2759 cord 3.6417 gallons / 1.39 cubic centimeter 0.10938 .5625 .9375 .3125 .48438 .40625 .03527 ounce 28.7344 .937 inches / 0.1875 .98421 English ton 1.7969 .609.21875 .061 cubic inch 16.7031 .4536 kilogram 0.016 metric ton TEMPERATURE CONVERSIONS Fahrenheit Celsius 100˚C 50˚C 45˚C 40˚C 37˚C 35˚C 30˚C 25˚C 20˚C Fahrenheit 59˚F 50˚F 41˚F 32˚F 23˚F 14˚F 5˚F -4˚F -13˚F Celsius 15˚C 10˚C 5˚C 0˚C -5˚C -10˚C -15˚C -20˚C -25˚C SQUARE MEASUREMENTS Square Measures 1square centimeter 1 square inch 1 square decimeter 1 square foot 1 square meter 1 square yard 1 acre 1 square rod 1 hectare 1 acre 1 square kilometer 1 square mile 212˚F 122˚F 113˚F 104˚F 98.0353 cubic foot 28.375 .7656 .17188 .5029 dekameter 0.101 liters 0.3 kilometers Metric Equivalents 0.59375 .60938 .3937 inches 2.9688 .8375 bushels 0.135 pecks 0.07913 .125 .20313 .04688 .9063 .7646 cubic meter 0.6875 .50 .8906 .39063 .7188 Fraction 47/64 3/4 49/64 25/32 51/64 13/16 53/64 27/32 55/64 7/8 57/64 29/32 59/64 15/16 61/64 31/32 63/64 1 Decimal .00625 acre 2.45313 .621.386 square mile 2.8361 square meter 160 square rods 0.09375 . 16014 0.81182 0.44953 1.10189 .03984 0.00353 .000620 .51056 0.techalloy.66485 3.00397 .14953 1.com / 1-800-638-1458 / Techalloy Welding Products .10072 0.08969 0.000552 .000986 .02369 0.Back to Directory WELDING WIRE AND E L E C T R O D E S 34 TABLES AND CHARTS WIRE GAUGE TABLE Gauge 0000 000 00 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Inches .05253 1.40489 0.006895 1 kg = 2.32486 .02846 .25763 .25464 0.14261 0.001761 .57332 0.07987 0.01264 Millimeters 11.18940 4.001978 .002221 .12700 0.02505 0.01003 .00991 0.8 x ˚C + 32 1 oz.4049 9.00445 .62773 1.02010 .28594 0.00561 .000390 .22676 0.2514 7.05023 0.36057 0.00630 .11310 0.01594 . 2 = 305.46000 .01420 .07113 0.01987 0.20194 0.34814 6.000492 .64380 0.001397 .01790 .11443 .82734 5.29085 1.06334 0.91162 0.32109 Gauge 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 Inches .02257 .28930 .000697 .12849 .01113 0.02535 .002494 .04030 .7 = pound per lineal foot 1 Foot x .72295 0.02231 0.2 pounds www.03159 0.0000394 inches Tensile Strength Weight PSI = mPa / .04525 .04473 0.03547 0.82783 1.01126 .03589 .00893 .001244 .06408 .00786 OTHER USEFUL CONVERSIONS Measurements Temperature Coating Weight Draw Speed Stainless Steel Metric Distance Conversions ˚F = 1.26364 2.30485 2.40964 .5g/m 2 Feet per minute / 196.05082 .00314 .01576 0.002800 .90636 2.001108 .3048 = 1 meter 1 inch / 25.09074 .36480 .00708 .22942 .02813 0.14428 .05706 .01249 0.54371 5.18194 .000878 .03196 .4 = 1 millimeter 1 Micron = .000347 .00882 0.62129 4.00500 .07196 .08081 .000782 .00795 ./ft.17983 0.58819 2.8 = meters per second Diameter 2 x 2.000438 .20431 .000309 Millimeters 0.11538 3.16202 .01403 0.05641 0.001 millimeter = .01769 0.001568 .6840 10.45467 0.2659 8. Techalloy Welding Products 2310 Chesapeake Avenue Baltimore. Ontario. This alliance provides Techalloy an international reach.Techalloy Welding Products is part of a worldwide metals group owned by Central Wire. technical and operational resources. more stock on hand. UAE (early 2008) WORLDWIDE… A NAME TO RELY ON NORTH AMERICA'S LEADER Printed in USA IN STAINLESS STEEL AND NICKEL ALLOY WIRES (XXXXXX) . USA. California. 92570 Phone: (800) 233-3418 Fax: (951) 943-6061 Warehousing and distribution to open in Dubai. Texas. with advantages in financial. 77061 Phone: (800) 231-0539 Fax: (713) 466-7425 2500 “A” Street Techalloy Welding Products 2044 Rogers Road Perth. Canada K7H 1P9 Phone: (888) 267-3761 Fax: (613) 264-5551 Perris. through faster turnaround times. USA. Maryland. 21222 Phone: (800) 638-1458 Fax: (410) 633-2033 7402 Neuhaus Houston. Those advantages go straight to you. and better pricing. the customer. USA.