ASIA WATER MANAGEMENT FORUM29th October, 2012 Seoul, Korea WATER MANAGEMENT IN MYANMAR Bo Ni Director Watershed Management Division Forest Department Ministry of Environmental Conservation and Forestry Presentation Outlines Brief Introduction to Myanmar Water Resources & Water Resource Management in Myanmar Water Related Policies and Laws Water utilization and challenges Integrated Water Resource Management in Myanmar Water Supply & Waste Water Treatment Facilities Issues and Challenges Conclusion 52% Density : about 86 people /km2 Climate : Sub-tropical climate with three distinct weather namely.577 km2 Population : 58.Brief Introduction to Myanmar Topographic map of Myanmar Situated in South East Asia and total land area is about 676. Rainy and Winter season Temperature : Maximum 43°C Rainfall : Maximum > 5. Summer.000 mm Minimum < 800 mm About 70% of the people living in rural areas .38 million (2008-09). Growth rate :1. Sittaung and Thanlwin Discharge from the total drainage area: 1082 km3/ annum Monthly distribution of river flow closely follow the pattern of Rainfall.Water Resources in Myanmar Total Drainage Area : about 737. Chindwin. 80% during the rainy season (May-October) and 20% in dry season (November – April) Estimated groundwater potential : 495 km3 .600 km2 comprise of major four rivers namely Ayeyarwady. water quality stations on Ayeyarwady delta for measuring discharge and sediment flows and monitoring salt intrusion 3 Forest Department rehabilitation and conservation of forests and watersheds and maintaining the stability of Environment in order to develop the social and economic conditions of the nation. No. sediment discharge stations on main rivers and big tributaries. especially for irrigation dams and canals 2 Meteorology and Hydrology Department discharge stations.Water Resource Management in Myanmar The following Institutions are responsible for water resource management in Myanmar. Institutions Responsibility 1 Irrigation Department water level recording and discharge measurement. especially in rural areas . economy and environment 3 Mission statement for the water sector To establish a beneficial framework and effective mechanism for managing. 2003 Sustainability of water resources to ensure sufficient water quality of acceptable quality to meet the needs of the population in terms of health. food security. Source Statement 1 Guidelines on development of rural areas Ensuring adequate supplies of safe drinking water 2 Roundtable Workshop on the National Water Vision in Myanmar cooperation with UNESCAP and FAO. developing.Water Related Policies No. and protecting water and related resources in an environmentally and economically sound manner in order to meet the needs of the people of Myanmar . Source Statement 4 National Health Policy To intensify and expand environmental health activities including prevention and control of air and water pollution 5 National Policies in water sector To expand safe drinking water supply and adequate sanitation facilities in order to fulfill the basic needs of the people with priority attached to the rural areas to narrow up gap of disparity of social and economic development between the urban and rural .Water Related Policies No. 1930 The Burma Water Power Rules. 2012 It has been noted that laws. 1885 The Burma Municipal Act. 1928 and 1934 The Burma Embankment Act. 1914. 1898 The Burma Canal Act. 1905 as amended by Burma Act. 1905 as amended by Burma Act 1923 and 1931 The City of Rangoon Municipal Act. regulations and legislation set out in the early 1900s needed to be reviewed and amended except newly promulgated Environmental Law . 1932 Environmental Law.Water Related Laws The Rangoon Water Works Act. 1924. 1922 The Underground Water Act. Opportunities and threats in water resources development Opportunities Threats Rich in water resources Sedimentation is one of the major adverse effects of storage dams and in the lower courses of rivers Total utilization of the nation’s water resources : only 5% (56 km3) The development of industry and increasing population density will cause increasing river pollution and health risks for people living close to the rivers Changing in landuse . management conflicts of interest and weak coordination within the agencies * ESCAP Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2007. river pumping about 150. impact of shifting cultivation. Yangon City Development Committee (YCDC) 3. flooding and drought. deforestation in watershed areas.Water Utilization and Challenges total water withdrawal in 2000 was 33. http://www. Nay Pyi Taw Development Committee(NPTDC) 2.3% used in agriculture sector. 98. Township Development committee in each townships (TDCs) Water sector faces several problems including climate change effects.unescap.2% used for domestic and 0.org/stat/data/syb2007/ .000 ha domestic water withdrawal per capita is 8.5% used for industry sector* Dam Irrigation more than 1 million ha.9 m3/year (24.2 km³ .000ha and tube wells irrigation 36. Mandalay City Development Committee(MCDC) 4.4 liter/day)* Committee responsible for Urban Water Supply 1. 1. Integrated Water Resource Management Stakeholder Mapping . Integrated Water Resource Management Proposed Myanmar Water Commission for Integrated Water Resource Management . Integrated Water Resource Management It has been suggested that Myanmar Water Commission should comprise of a senior minister as chairman and the ministers from water-related ministries as member Suggested duties and responsible of MWC are. and the enforcement and amendment of existing laws (4) To act as coordinator for water users of both consumptive and non-consumptive nature and to give necessary instructions to the different water sectors (5) To take necessary action where relevant . (1) To lay down and prescribe the Policies and Guidelines concerning with water and water resources and required assessment (2) The preparation of water Laws (3) The introduction of new laws. environmental impact assessment for water usage (6) Recommendations for water and benefit sharing and resolving conflicts over transboundary water usage between neighboring countries (7) Decision-making and establishing the cause and effect of water use and development of water resources .Integrated Water Resource Management It has been also suggested that to establish a working (coordination) committee comprise of heads of departments in the ministries concerned as members Suggested duties and responsible of the working (coordination) committee are. (1) To deal with international organizations as well as regional and national organizations (2) Conduct coordination work between water sectors (3) The preparation of standardization works for water quality of each sector of water usage (4) To prepare and implement a National Water Vision (5) To monitor and make the necessary assessments. e.g. Water Resource Utilization Department (WRUD). .Water supply and waste water treatment facilities In Myanmar. Nay Pyi Taw Development Committee(NPTDC) 2. the following governmental agencies are taking responsible and committing all-out measures for provision of urban water supply services. workshop and IEC Materials. Township Development committee in each townships (TDCs) Regarding to achieve improved water supply system. 1. Department of Development Affairs (DDA). Water Safety Plans. many agencies have been involved such as three Development Committees. National Health Laboratory (NHL). Awareness and Capacity Building of community through trainings. Low Cost Water Treatment. Yangon City Development Committee (YCDC) 3. Environmental Sanitation of Department (ESD) and Department of Health (DoH). These agencies have been carrying out water supply and sanitation activities and drinking water quality surveillance and monitoring pilot projects. Mandalay City Development Committee(MCDC) 4. Slow sand filter Pumps at slow sand filter Purified water collecting ground tank . Carrying out works for water supply. 2. 3. water storage reservoirs and pipelines. 1. Carrying out works for construction and maintenance of reservoirs.Water supply and waste water treatment facilities The NayPyiTaw (New Capital of Myanmar) Development Law was enacted in 2009. Altogether 23 functions and duties are prescribed in the Law and the following Water works in this Law are being used. Carrying out works for sanitation and sewage. Water supply in Yangon Profile of Yangon (former capital city) age : more than three hundred years old topography : slightly undulating and hilly land in the center of the city and low flat on the fringes drainage : originate in the highest parts run in all directions and finally drain into the Yangon and Bago rivers population : more than 5 million in 33 townships city authority : Yangon City Development Committee (YCDC) Yangon city area map . • 340 000 m3 per day (1. Phugyi. 2002) Hlawga reservoir .5 million m3 per day in 2020) • 4 reservoirs (Hlawga. Gyobyu.Water supply in Yangon • a long history of more than 150 years. and Ngamoyeik) and over 200 tube wells • water is supplied by the long-distance pipelines • only 37% of city area benefits and water pressure is very low ( JICA study report. 4th January. • consumers have installed their own pumps to draw water from YCDC’s distribution pipes to ground or elevated tanks • consequently conditions of the distribution pipe become negative pressure • some distribution pipes are contaminated by ground water. • water supply is sometimes suspended. 2009 water transmission pipe from Gyo-phyu reservoir 19 . quantity and pressure.Water supply in Yangon • the existing water supply facilities were constructed during the colonial era • YCDC’s water supply system is very low in terms of water quality. • E-coli are detected in the water of the distribution pipe and in reservoirs ( JICA study report. 2002) .Water supply in Yangon Water treatment • water treatment plant installed at only Gyobyu reservoir (coagulation and sedimentation) • treatment facility does not fully function because coagulant is not injected. • supply water is without treatment • a lot of deposits settle in the pipes and the reservoirs • the distribution pipes are blocked up by massive floating water plants Hlawga reservoir. operated since 1904 • disinfection is implemented intermittently due to limited budget. Public. machinery and engineers • the local residents/companies provide financing • contributes significantly to Yangon’s water supply system •….this is the main feature of public-private partnership..Private partnership for water supply Residential area Industrial zone .Water supply in Yangon Water supply program for out of YCDC water supply area • tube wells dug on basis of self help •YCDC has to provide required technology & equipments. fao. December 2004 http://www.HTM . Bangkok.org/docrep/008/ae546e/ae546e00.Water supply in Yangon Urban water supply rate : YCDC‘s current water tariff structure Rural water supply rate FROM VISION TO ACTION. A SYNTHESIS OF EXPERIENCES IN LEAST-DEVELOPED COUNTRIES IN SOUTHEAST ASIA THE FAO-ESCAP PILOT PROJECT ON NATIONAL WATER VISIONS PHASE 2. maintenance and rehabilitation of facilities safely. reliably and efficiently Prioritizing capacity-building needs in order to enhance organizational capacity and effectiveness of the water resources coordination system . development and protection activities into the socio-economic development process of the country Enhancement and consolidation of the existing systems The operation.Issues and Challenges Strengthening the legal framework to ensure effective and harmonious integration of water resources management. Moreover. Therefore. institutional strengthening and sectoral coordination of all relevant aspects. efficient water use. It is desirable to establish much more private water supply firms in the course of development so as to reduce the burden on the government .Conclusion The pressure of rapid population growth and attendant demands for more food will inevitably strain in the country’s water resources further. it will be necessary to establish a high-level Water Commission as well as an effective National Water Policy covering water laws. ecosystem conservation. disaster preparedness.