CONTENTNo. CONTENT PAGES 1. Group member 2. Introduction 2 3 3. Objective 4 4. Basic Element Of Water Quality Standards 4-5 5. Water Classification And Uses 6 Advantages And Disadvantages Of Water Quality 6-7 8 Standards 7 Water Quality Test 6. Conclusion 9-16 17 GROUP MEMBERS 3927036 MEMBER 1 Tuan Muhammad Syahid Bin Tuan Ibrahim DF 130083 014 – 8140798 MEMBER 2 MohdAmirul Hakim Bin MohdZailani DF 130014 013 – 7678406 MEMBER 3 Mohd Amir Azizi Bin Kasin DF 130013 013 – 7187852 INTRODUCTION We were given a task to choose one subtopics in chapter 1. chapter 2 or chapter 3 for the purpose 2| P a g e .GROUP LEADER Mohd Shafiq Bin Mohd Rosli DF 130016 017 . and/or aquatic life. we need to analyze the requirement that have been given. This aim of this project is to expose students with industrial practice by using their skills and knowledge from what we had learned in the class. This project was conducted to fulfill the requirement of this subject “Environmental Engineering.of reviewing the subtopics. Water quality supplied by water treatment plant (WTP) operators and the treated water quality in the distribution system are both monitored by Minister of Health (MOH) by way of sampling and testing. turbidity. BFC 32403. Besides. recreation. Ensure effective protection of public health. With number of 4 people in a group. The task is to study the importance of subtopics both in terms of its role.e. In industrial we as an engineer need to know about the basics knowledge of the environment to give something extra to become an excellent engineer. Water quality standards in the context of the supply of drinking water is the water supply by drinking water standards set by World Health Organization (WHO) and Minister of Health (MOH).Coli& residual chlorine. Samples are taken from the various sampling stations (SPA) which are stationed at the treatment plants.9 (Water Quality Standards) to be our topics in this project. 3| P a g e . public water supply. service reservoirs and also in the distribution system. aluminium and residual chlorine) covered and tracked under the MOH’s Quality Assurance Programme (QAP). There are five (5) main key parameters (i. E. such as swimming. So we decided to choose subtopics 1. its advantages and disadvantages and their use to society and state. a water quality standard is developed to help protect and maintain water quality necessary to meet and maintain designated or assigned uses. Water Quality Standards Water quality standards are the foundation of the water quality based control that guidelines under World Health Organization (WHO). OBJECTIVE Objective of having Water Quality Standard is stated below: Guidelines for continual quality of water supplied to public. public water supply. Improve the management of the water utilities.g. The criteria consist of numeric concentrations and/or narrative requirements. BASIC ELEMENT OF WATER QUALITY STANDARDS To design a water quality standard. The elements are stated below: Designated uses of the water body (e.. there are few basic element need to be followed. MINIMUM QUALITY STANDARDS BY SYARIKAT AIR JOHOR (SAJ) 4| P a g e . recreation) Water quality criteria to protect designated uses by limiting chemical constituents that may be present in the water body. aquatic life. An anti-degradation policy to maintain and protect existing uses and high quality waters. Ensure that the drinking water is safe to drink and not hazardous to health or objectionable to the physical senses of consumer. the precautionary principle and the prior licensing wastewater discharges by competent authorities have become key element of 5| P a g e . The prevention of pollution at source.WATER CLASSIFICATION AND USES Control of water pollution has reached primary importance in developed and a number of developing countries. It is important to maintain high quality level for natural water. nutrients and other water pollutants from point sources into aquatic ecosystems.successful policies for preventing. controlling and reducing inputs of hazardous substances. The government has set up the minimum quality standard that reflects its beneficial use.2 (Malaysian National Standard for Drinking Water Quality) 6| P a g e . The more stringent standard has been used for stream that use for water sources for municipal purposed as in Malaysia Interim National Water Quality Standard (INWQS). Table 1. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF WATER QUALITY STANDARDS Advantages: 7| P a g e . Disadvantages: Can cause a variety of diseases such as E. especially those potentially carrying the disease with the purpose of obtaining good water quality. Arrange to eliminate pollution. Consumer will feel uncomfortable to use water that has high hardness that does not meet the conditions required by the WHO. WATER QUALITY TEST 8| P a g e . Provide drinking water safe to drink and not hazardous to health or objectionable to the physical senses of consumer. kill all organisms.coli. Provide a good quality of water supplied to consumers. nitrates. applicable to a wide variety samples and ease of manipulation. There are several test can be conducted. temperature and flow rate. fecal coliform.Water quality test is to determine dissolve oxygen. o The dichromate reflux method is preferred over procedures using other oxidants because of superior oxidizing ability. wastewater. o It is a common environmental procedure for determining the extent to which oxygen within a sample can support microbial life. b) Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) o The objective is to measure the effectiveness of waste water sample (usually industrial waste water) through the oxidation and reduction reaction. o COD is used as a measurement of pollutants in natural and waste waters to assess the strength of discharged waste such as sewage and industrial effluent waters. etc) based on the amount of oxygen needed to stabilize the organic matter in the sample. o BOD test is perform over five day period. o COD is the total measurement of all chemicals in the water that can be oxidized. pH level. turbidity. The test conducted as below : a) Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) o The objective is to measure the strength of the water sample ( water. biochemical oxygen and phosphorous in water. Wastewater and Blank Sample Sample Undergo Rapid Temperature Increase 9| P a g e . total solid. which are bigger and heavier. o The particles are encouraged to collide leading to coalescence of particle to form flocs particles.c) Total Solid Determination o The objective is to determine the total solid is water sample. o Coagulant that normally used are salts of aluminium namely aluminiumsulphate or ferric salts namely ferrous sulphate or ferric chloride. Solid may affect water or effluent quality adversely in a number of ways. o Solid refer to matter suspended or dissolved in water or waste water. o Water with high dissolved solids generally are of inferior palatability o Solid analysis are important in the control of biological and physical wastewater treatment process and for assessing compliance with regulatory agency o Total solid is the term applied to the material residue left in the dishes after evaporation of a sample at 103°C to 105°C o Total solid include total suspended solid and total dissolved solids. o Coagulant process is by adding chemical coagulant to the raw water or wastewater. o The settling velocities of colloidal particles of sizes less than 50μm. o Total suspended solid is the portion of total solid retained by filter o Total dissolved solid is the portion of solid that passess through a filter of 2.0 μm nominal pore size under specified condition d) Jar Test o The objective of jar test is to determine the optimal coagulant dose which will produce the highest removal of a given water turbidity o Raw water and waste water are normally turbid containing solid particles of varying sizes. o Next process is flocculation. o Process promote particles collision due to gentle agitation resulting in agglomeration of smaller non-settleable particles into flocs (bigger particles) which settles easily to produce clarified water. 10| P a g e . o For example. the standard plate count method is an indirect measurement of cell density and reveals information related only to live bacteria. o Bacteria are remarkable adaptable to diverse environmental conditions. o (Escherichia coli (or E. There are found in the bodies of all living organisms and on all parts of the earth. o Very few of the thing we eat or drink are bacteria free.coli) is the most prevalent infecting organism in the familu of gram-negative bacteria known as enterobacteriaceae) that causing food poisoning. o The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) through Water Quality Standard imposed that for the recreational waters (freshwater) the geometric mean of the indicated bacterial densities should not exceed one or the other of the following two selected bacteria that is E.Reagent : AluminiumSulphate Coagulant and Flocculation Process e) Bacteria Counts o Water treatment plants monitor the effectiveness of their sterilization process. 11| P a g e . coli 126 per 100 ml or Enterococci 33 per 100 ml. which allow sunlight to penetrate to a greater depth. living organisms and those from human behavior. g) Turbidity o Turbidity measurs water clarity.Meat extract. 12| P a g e . Agar & Peptone Preparing Samples Using Total Plate Count f) Dissolve Oxygen o This test is the most important of the water quality test to measure water’s ability to support plants and animals. o The main sources of turbidity are erosion. o Example factors that affect the amount of dissolved oxygen in water is water temperature. less gas will dissolve. o Temperature rises. If the pH falls below 4 or above 9 everything is dead Checking pH 13| P a g e .Checking Turbidity Instrument h) pH Level o pH level can be determine using pH meter o The pH of water is important to aquatic life. 2) River Flows – Managing Water For The Environment 14| P a g e . Wildlife and Conservation Biology University of Minnesota. H. water sensitive urban design techniques can capture stormwater. o There are many natural and human factors that can affect a river’s temperature in example human factors include industry. o Then measure the temperature at approximately the same time. development and dams. Head Department of Fisheries. The example is state below : 1) Managing Stormwater If left unmanaged.T. orange and float it down the river WAYS TO INCREASE WATER QUALITY “We are killing the lakes and wetlands in our neighborhood. has a small part in it. but together the efeect are becoming very significant” a special quoater by Jim Perry. with our seemingly harmless everyday yard work.6km apart that have the same conditions. o To measure temperature and flow rate we need to find two places along the river that are about 1. However. Each of us. o If the difference is greater than 2°C. then there is thermal pollution. Morse Professor of Water Quality. stormwater can wash harmful pollutants from urban areas into our waterways and bays. o To find flow rate we use buoyant object. clean it and put it to good use – such as watering green spaces in our community.i) Temperature and Flowrate o Temperature of water may harm river’s ecology. There are solutions available to help in saving our local lakes and wetlands. 7) Properly Dispose of Household Hazardous Waste Do not pour old gasoline onto the street or wash paint brushes at the end of your work. 3) Enforcing Laws and Regulation Enforcing laws and regulation to protect our waterways. 6) Use zero-phosphorous Fertilizer Do not use fertilizer that contains phosphorous. This pattern can be distrupted by human activities such as developing land or taking river water to irrigate crops. lemon juice.Besides compliance with planning schemes or conditions of planning permits. paint. strategies and guidelines to protect and manage our waterways. which plants and animals rely on to reproduce and survive. Their effect on our waters can be devastating. motor oil or other like.Rivers and creeks have natural patterns of high and low flows. Consider one pound of phosphorous in runoff can result in 500 pounds of algae growth. Providing input to regional plans – such as specialist technical advice to local government an undertaking flood studies. 4) Developing Plans. antifreeze. Properly dispose of household hazardous wastes. baking soda. Implemanting laws and state direction in the development of regional plans and creating strategies and guidelines to deliver these outcomes. Phosphorous that accelerates algae growth in our lakes and wetlands. borax. 5) Use Environmentally Safe Cleaning Products Safer substitutes.People illegally taking water from waterways. dispose of them at your country waste site. salt. 8) Increased Monitoring And Notification 15| P a g e . Whether gasoline. lie vinegar. persticides. olive oil and cedar chips can get the job done just as well as their more hazardous counterparts. Strategies and Guidelines Develop plans. particulates (e. and when our water is polluted it is not only devasting to the environment. recreation. such as swimming. it is to ensure effective protection of public health and improve the management of the water utilities. bathing. water quality standard act as a guidelines for continual quality of water supplied to public. The prevention of pollution at source. CONCLUSION Fresh water is one of our most vital resources. to track down specific causes of exceedences. Investment in wastewater infrastructure is needed to ensure the lasting protection of water quality. 16| P a g e . Better water quality policies are needed to improve the quality of treatment and overall water management. As a conclusion. That is the reason Water Quality Standard was introduced by our government to manage and to help protect and maintain water quality necessary to meet and maintain designated or assigned uses. it is treated to remove chemicals. lakes and other surface water sources. Much of water comes from rivers. watering our lawn and so forth.It is needed to understand the health of the river. public water supply.g. nutrients and other water pollutants from point sources into aquatic ecosystems. and/or aquatic life. cleaning. Before it is delivered to our homes. This clean potable water is the used for cooking. and to enable regulators to inform the public with more timely and accurate information. soot and silt) and bacteria. but also to human health. controlling and reducing inputs of hazardous substances. the precautionary principle and the prior licensing wastewater discharges by competent authorities have become key element of successful policies for preventing. drinking. Besides. 17| P a g e . it is to ensure that the drinking water is safe to drink and not hazardous to health or objectionable to the physical senses of consumer.Lastly.