ACKNOWLEDGEMENTI do express my hearty appreciation to those who have contributed a lot to this report both explicitly and implicitly and my deep sense of gratitude to Mr. D.K.SAHOO, Manager(SYSTEMS), NALCO for his valuable supervision, guidance and encouragement for completion of the project. Lastly, I would like to thank my Teachers and my Parents for their inspiration and guidance in shaping my career. TABLE OF CONTENTS: SERIAL NUMBER TITLE PAGE NUMBER 01 Brief about NALCO 6-23 02 Study of systems application in NALCO 25-28 03 30-39 05 Application Softwares used at Systems, NALCO System Softwares used at Systems, NALCO Conclusion 06 References 04 40-48 49 50 Brief About NALCO A jewel in the crown NOW A NAVARATNA COMPANY With a consistent track record in capacity utilization, technology absorption, quality assurance, export performance and committed manpower, with excellent team work NALCO has emerged as Asia’s leading Aluminium Company. NALCO has been contributing significantly to the state and central government exchequers years through the increased production and consistent posting of profits. With its second phase expansion, involving an investment of over 5000 cores which is nearing completion, the company is all set for third phase expansion. Besides, plans afoot for Greenfield projects in countries like Indonesia, South Africa and Iran. With time, all these remarkable achievements have translated into another creditable title for NALCO, now a Navaratna company from April 2008. NALCO presents its special gratitude to the Government of India and Odisha for their continuous support and guidance through 28 years long journey. 2.1 DETAIL BACKGROUND OF NALCO: Following the discovery of large reserves of bauxite ore in the east coast and the preliminary project work done by Bharat Aluminium Company Limited, NATIONAL ALUMINIUM COMPANY LIMITED was set up as a public sector enterprise under Ministry of mines by the Government of India in 1981 to implement one of the largest multi-locational integrated Aluminium projects of the world with its own Captive Power Plant and Port Facilities. The technical collaboration of Aluminium Pechiney of France, the support of Euro-Dollar loan From a consortium of International banks and the special dis-pensations of the project expeditiously within he budgeted cost of `2408 crores. In order to strengthen its business and increase market share, NALCO has been pursuing expansion programmers on a sustained basis. The first phase expansion was taken up in the year 2002 involving fresh involvement of `3900 crores. NALCO has taken over international Aluminium products Ltd. (IAPAL), a wholly owned subsidiary of NALCO w.e.f March 2000 with the project cost of `385 crores having a capacity of 50,000 TPY of Aluminium alloy coils sheets. Soon after the completion of the first phase expansion, the company launched its second phase expansion, commencing from October 2004, which involves fresh investment of more than `2408 crores. The project in nearing completion. The company is now planning third phase expansion with an investment of `6000 crores, which will increase its production capacity. . Bhubaneswar. Here in spring. is one of the picturesque valleys of this beautiful district. her painted spring and slumbering summer and her winter ranging from fierce to mild. undulating meadows. Koraput town the headquarter of the district is 36kms from damanjodi. provides varieties of living in different seasons. nature and man vie each other to make living joyous. feasts the eye as few other districts ca. The nearest rail station at Vijaynagaram is at a distance of 135km.2.” Damanjodi. the Gazetteer of India writes: “Koraput with the rolling mountains. The plateau of Panchpatmali. its mining operation and the manufacturing units are located at Damanjodi in Koraput district and Angul at a distance of 550kms and 160kms by road from Bhubaneswar Respectively. thera is of course passenger rail service from Koraput to Vishakhapatnam through the most enchanting hilly terrains of Araku valley and Anantagiri. enchanting waterfalls and terraced valleys leading upto verdant hill.H.2 PLANTLOCATION: While the Corporate head quarters of NALCO is located at Bhubaneswar. The Sunabeda township of Hindustan Aeronautics Limited is 18km from Damanjodi. the capital city of Odisha. 43 that connects Vijaynagaram of Andhra Pradesh with Raipur of Madhya Pradesh. koraput with her golden autumn and misty mornings of the monsoon months. on the foothills of Panchpatmali hills. roaring rapids. long uphill road. Damanjodi is 12km from similiguda a small town located on the N. Angul and sambalpur. where NALCO has established its Alumina Refinery and a township. which is range elsewhere. Damanjodi is also connected by bus service from Berhampur. cuttack. where Bauxite mine of NALCO is located is connected by a 16km. DAMANJODI: Introducing Koraput. Clubs Swimming pool. NALCO Township at Angul is modern & well planned. Both the schools because of their facilities and standard of teaching have been become attractions even to outsiders. the township has its own post office Police station and Bank. trainees’ hostels etc. the confiscicated on account of the rrebellion against the British by the then ruling Chief Somanath Singh. Angul became a district head quarter in 1994. Sambalpur. Today in the vicinity of Angul a large number of industries have come up. This school is run by Delhi Public School Society. The place is easily accessible by road and rail. In 1847. Establishment of NALCO and other industries have brought about accelerated growth to the trade. Sundargrh and Rourkela. Community Centers. Talcher coal mines of Mahanadi Coal Mines Limited and 2Thermal Power Plants of NTPC. guest house. An Oriya medium high school is run by Saraswati Vidya Mandir. Thus Angul passed under the British rule earlier which spread to many other parts of Odisha. ANGUL: Nalconagar is situated within 5km of Angul town. Local population till the advent of industries basically depended on agriculture for livelihood. parks. commerce and anciliary industry in the district. the township has market . the Captive Power Plant and its township close to the National Highway. In Addition to 3679 dwelling units and trainees’ hotels with 403 rooms. Nalco has established its Smelter plant.H. There is an English medium School offering CBSE courses. Playgrounds. Nalco Nagar. a 30 bedded well equipped modern hospital.Nalco Township at Damanjodi is a well planned one Apart 2968 dwelling units the township has market complexes. Angul was one a feudal sate with a chequered history of palace intrigues and wars with neighbouring states.55 which is the main highway connection of Bhubaneswar with Raipur Madhya Pradesh. Angul today is a fairly big and bustling town on the N. The other important industries in and around this place are Heavy Water Plant of Atomic Energy Commission. 000typ Panchpatmali in koraput Alumina Refinery 8. a 50 bedded hospital with ultra modern facilities. There is an English medium School offering CBSE courses.45. Both the schools because of their facilities and standard of teaching have been become attractions even to outsiders. Community Centers.30. This school is run by Delhi Public School Society.complexes. etc. guest houses.000tpy 4.000tpy 4. An Oriya medium high school is run by Saraswati Vidya Mandir.000tpy 15.400.00.000tpy 3. Playgrounds.00.800. FIVE MAIN SEGMENTS OF THE INTEGRATED COMPLEX: SEGMEN T INITIAL CAPACITY CAPACITY AFTER FIRST EXPANSION CAPACITY LOCATION UNDER SECOND EXPANSION Bauxite Mines 2. parks.60.000tpy Angul Captive Power Plant 720MW 960MW 1200MW Angul Port Facilities (Ship Loading Rate) 2200tph 2200tph Vishakhapatnam (Andhra Pradesh) .000tpy Damanjodi in koraput Alumiium Smelter 2. Clubs Swimming Pool.300.000tpy 21.000tpy 6.75. The township has its own post office Police Station and Banks. km. Resource . Fig:- Presently.Over 90% gibbsitic Over burden – 3meters(average) Ore thickness – 14meters(average) Transport – 14. serving feedstock to Alumina Refinery at Damanjodi located on the foothills. a fully mechanized opencast mine of 4.8 million tpa capacity is in operation since November. the capacity is being expanded to 6.3 million tpa.Bauxite Mines: On panchpatmali hills of Koraput district in Odisha.1985. silica2% Mineralogy .310 million tones Ore quality.6km long single flight multicurve cable beltconveyor of 1800tph . The salient features: Area of deposit -16sq.Alumina 45%. In operation since September.000 tpa. is located in the picturesque valley of Damanjodi in Koraput district.Alumina Refinery: The 5. the capacity is being expanded to21. The salient features: Atmospheric pressure digestion process Pre-desilication and inter-stage cooling for higher productivity Energy efficient fluidised bed calciners Co-generation of 3x18. having there parallel streams of equal capacity.000 tpa Alumina Refinery.00.5 MW power by use of bank pressure turbine in steam generation plant Advanced red mud disposal system .75. 1986. the Refinery is designed to: Fig:- Provide Alumina to the Company’s Smelter at Angul Export the balance Alumina to overseas market through Visakhapatnam Port Presently. Captive Power Plant: Close to the Aluminium Smelter at angul. Fig:- Presently. The coal demand is met from amine of 3. The salient features: Micro-processor based burner management system for optimum thermal efficiency Computer controlled data acquisition System for on-line monitoring Automatic turbine run-up system Specially designed barrel type high pressure turbine Electrostatic precipitators with advanced intelligent controllers Wet disposal of ash The water for the plant is drawn from River Brahmani through a 7km long double circuit pipeline. comprising 8x120MW clusters. the capacity is being expanded to 1200 MW. has been established for firm supply of power to the Smelter. . a Captive Power Plant of 960MW capacity. The Power Plant is inter-connected with the State Grid.5 million tpa capacity opened up for Nalco at Bharatpur in Talcher by Mahanadi Coalfields Limited. bus bars. standard sheets and coils .000tpa. circles. cable wraps.000 tpa export-oriented Rolled Products Unit is all set to produce foil stock.000 tpa strip casting machines With the acquisition and subsequent merger of International Aluminium Products Limited (IAPL) with NALCO.60.5 tonne induction furnace with a 4 tph alloy ingot casting machine 26.5 tph wire rod mills 2 x 45 tonne furnaces and 60/42 per drop billet casting machine 2x 1. Presently.000 tpa capacity Aluminium Smelter is located at Angul in Odisha. fin stock. Fig:- The salient features: Advanced 180kA cell technology Micro-processor based pot regulation system Fume treatment plant with dry-scrubbing system for pollution control and fluoride salt recovery Integrated facility for manufacturing carbon anodes.45. 4 x 35 tone and 4 x 45 tone furnaces and 2 x 15 tph and 2 x 20 tph ingot casting machines 4 x 45 tonne furnaces and 2 x 9.Aluminium Smelter: The 3. Based on energy efficient state-of-the-art technology of smelting and pollution control. can stock. coil stock. the Smelter Plant is on operation since early 1987. anode stems etc. the 50. the capacity is being expanded to 4. is based on advanced technology of smelting and pollution control its capacity is further expanded to 4. 45.000 tpa capacity Aluminium smelter.35000DWT Alumina reception -48x 53 ton pay-load wagons Alumina storage -3x 25000 ton RCC Silos Ship loading rate -2200 tph Smelter Plant: The 3. Fig:- The salient features: Maximum ship size. The smelter plant has three main processes.Port Facilities: On the Northern Arm of the lnner Harbour of Visakhapatnam Port on the Bay of Bengal.000 tpa. located at Angul at Odisha. Anode plant (carbon area) and cast house. Electrolytic reduction (pot line). Smelter flow diagram POT LINE: .60. Nalco has established mechanized storage and ship handling facilities for exporting Alumina in bunk and importing Caustic Soda. Each pot line has 240 pots. there are three pot lines. At Nalco Smelter.The main process area of Smelter is pot line.000 MT per annum Rolled Products Unit. Out of 240 pots of fourth pot line already 120 pots have already commissioned. Fourth pot line is under commissioning. for production of aluminium cold rolled sheets and coils from continuous caster route. integrated with the Smelter Plant at Angul. Italy. based on the advanced technology of FATA Hunter. Fig:- NALCO Products: . rest pots will be commissioned by this year Electrolytic pot cathodic bus bar Rolled Products Unit: Nalco has set up a 50. Aluminium Metal: Ingots Sows Billet Wirerods Alloy eire rods Cast strips Alumina & Hydrate: Calcined Alumina Alumina Hydrate Zeolite – A Special Products: Specialty Hydrate /Alumina (Alumina Chemicals) Rolled Product: Aluminium Rolled Products . 198 7 . 199 0 Investment decision by the Government-Jan. Bauxite Mines-Nov. 198 2 Signing of major Euro-Dollar Loan agreement – Feb. Indira Gandhi – March.Nalco landmarks: 197 5 Discovery of bauxite in the East coast 197 9 Preparation of Nalco’s Feasibility Report-July. Foundation Stone Laid by Late Smt. Formation of the company-Jan. 198 6 Alumina Refinery-Sept. 198 1 Indo-French Collaboration Agreement-Jan. 198 5 Commissioning dates Port Facilities-Sept. Civil Work Starts – Feb. Captive Power Plant-Sept. 1987 198 8 Commencement of Alumina export-Jan. Commencement of sale of Aluminium-May. First Mines Safety award First CAPEXIL Export award 198 9 London Metal Exchange Recognition-May. Commencement of Aluminium export-Sep. 199 2Star Trading House Status-Jan 199 3 Indira Gandhi Rajbhasa Award 199 4 ISO-9002 Certification Alumina Refinery-Nov Indira Priyadarshini Vrikshamitra Award 199 5 ISO-9002 Certification Smelter Plant-Feb.Smelter Plant-March. Dedicated to Nation by Late Shri Rajiv Gandhi-June. Captive Power Plan Indira Gandhi Rajbhasa Award 199 6 . 2001 & April 2001 Alumina Refinery Expansion to 15. ISO-14001 Certification Bauxite Mines-June.75. Completion of 1st phase expansion . FIMI Environment Award for Bauxite Mines-Sept.Bauxite Mines –Jan. 1996 9697 9798 199 8 9899 200 1 200 2 200 4 FICCI Award for Pollution Control and Environment Excellent performing Public Sector Enterprise Award Gem Granite Environment Award Sri Sitaram Rungta Memorial Social Awareness Award The Best Occupational Health Service Award by Govt of Odisha-Mar First EEPC Export Award Best Exporters Award for the year 1998-2000 Rajbhasa Shield by Ministry of Mines-Feb.000 TPA dedicated to the Nation State PollutionvExcellence Awaed for Alumina Refinery – Sept.ISO-9002 Certification. Captive Power Plant-Dec. To continuously develop human resources. Nalco affirms that it assigns high importance to promotion and maintenance of a pollution-free environment in all its activities. To satisfy the customers and shareholders. Environment Policy: In recognition of the interests of the society in securing sustainable industrial growth.200 5 Five Star Expert House Status 200 7 200 8 Top Export Award of CAPEXIL for 20th year in Succession April-Nalco achieves Nava Ratna Status VISION & MISSION: VISION To be reputed global Company in the Metals and Energy Sectors. employees and all other stakeholders. create safe working conditions. protecting and enhancing the environment as well as discharging social responsibility in order to ensure sustainable growth. innovation and global competitive edge. MISSION To achieve sustainable growth in business through diversification. . To intensify R&D for technology development. compatible with a wholesome environment. To be a good corporate citizen. improve productivity and quality and reduce cost and waste. Guiding Principles: To ensure a healthy return on investment by maximizing operational efficiency. Meeting the needs and expectations of the customer and consistently improving our systems and work ethos will be our chosen path in achieving excellence in business and fulfilling our social obligations. Quality Policy: Quality will from the core of our business philosophy. To work closely with government and local authorities to prevent or minimize adverse consequences of the industrial activities on the environment. water. To constantly improve upon the standards of pollution control and provide a leadership in environment management.Objectives: To use non-polluting and environment-friendly technology. To comply with all applicable laws governing environment protection through appropriate mechanisms. To adopt internal customer focus as a means to external customer satisfaction. To actively participate in social. To continually improve and redesign systems processes and practices in order to ensure error prevention and improve response time. land. To monitor regularly air. Capacity utilization and productivity. noise and other environmental parameters. welfare and environmental development activities of the locality around its units. . To develop employees awareness on environmental practices. Out of this allocable fund: 40% is for Damanjodi sector. Commitment: We dedicate ourselves to the quality policy and objective of the company in letter and spirit and commit to continuously strive for the fulfillment. where the company’s Mines & Refinery are located. To follow ethical business philosophy at all times. And 20% is for other areas. CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY: As a policy. Nalco has been allocating 1% of its net profit of the year for periphery development. To treat human resource as the key to quality excellence and ensure development. To provide value for money to all stake holders. involvement and satisfaction of employees. To ensure high quality if inputs through proactive interaction with suppliers. 40% is for Angul sector. . To meet obligations towards the society as a responsible corporate citizen. where the company’s Smelter & Power Plant are located. Activities of the succeeding year. 61.26.10Cr Other Areas : Rs.AMOUT ALLOCATED TOWARDS PERIPHERY DEVELOPMENT TILL (Including special projects) At Damanjodi :Rs.48.88Cr At Angul : Rs.89Cr . Study of System Application in NALCO . Intranet: It is allowed to all the employees at NALCO. In the main building many people are employed to calculate the profits . Two 4 mbps lines are used By NALCO units in Angul for internet. BSNL lines goes from Bhubaneswar main branch to CPP. To avoid net choking. mail-server. Angul. Registering of civil complaints is made. 2. the other is in working condition. Angul via Smelter plant. The profit incurred in a month is sent to the main server in Bhubaneswar.SYSTEMS DEPARTMENT: The systems department is the computer related department in NALCO. LAN. It helps in the way that if one line fails. In the Intranet all the various units of NALCO. anti-virus and many more of the Smelter Unit of NALCO. Birthdays of employees are stored. . It handles all network related data. plot the charts of progress. calculate the salary of employees and so on and so forth. Angul via CPP. Different but trusted domains have been put in place. Email is also managed by Lotus Notes in NALCO. Leased lines have also been taken to the Refinery and Mines and also to the port facilities at Vishakapatnam. smelter plant. MacAfee anti-virus is used for maintaining the security and UNIX server is used to maintain the Mail server. In the Intranet Sites: 1. namely BSNL and TATA INDICOM. firewall. internet access is allowed to people from the rank of Assistant General Manager (AGM) and above in the hierarchy. 1 1U Digit Digital al Unixalphl V4.DETAIL ABOUT CONNECTIONS IN THE SYSTEMS DEPARTMENT: Inside the systems department there are various servers catering to various needs. Works Maintenance System. supplier’s E) Bill Passing System.0E System(Smelter).1(A Aluminium SE) dispatch(Smelter).1(AS Punching & Gate pass al Unix. Servers: UNIX SERVER DETAILS Server No Total of memory( CP MB) U Smelt er1 2 4099. Contractor Worker’s 11. Stores Accounting system(Expansion Project).0E ha 4100 Digit Digital al UnixAlpha V4.2 Aluminium Dispatch (Rolling Plant).5.1(AS FAS.Payrolls.7 Smelt er2 2 1024 Smelt er3 1 768 Smelt er4 2 1536 Smelt 1 1024 Mode Operat l ing Syste m HPHPrp547 UX 0 B.E) system.0D -800 RDBMS (Sybase Version) Application packages 111. The data base in which the work is done is SYBASE.5.System.2.0.5.5(ASE FAS(Rolling). The lists of these are given below with their configurations. Stores Accounting Alpha V4.purchase Management system (expansion project) Digit Digital 11.budget 11.Incentive -4100 system Comp HP 12.11. . It is a DBMS based on Relational model. NALCO:ERP: It stands for Enterprise Resource Planning. It is a software package with computer programs that control the entire Data Base. LAN: Local Area Network.er5 aq Tru64 Alpha UnixES40 V5. Generally ranked over the entire globe. Covers a very large area of network. It is an integrated computer based systems used to manage internal and external resource including tangible assets. DNS: Domain Name system. It is a method of assigning IP addresses to computers in a network.Windows Server 2008 (Enterprise Edition) IMPORTANT TERMINOLOGIES USED AT SYSTEMS. INTRANET: It is a private computer network that is combined within an enterprise. DHCP: Dynamic Host configuration Protocol. Serves to a small building or Organization. Covers small physical area. INTERNET: It is defined as a network of computer networks.1B ) Payroll(Rolling Plant) ACTIVE DIRECTORY SERVER DETAILS Total Memory (RAM)-4GB Hard Disk Capacity-512 GB Operating system. It maps the human readable address into IP address. RDBMS: Relational Data Base Management System. It is a computer program that can copy itself and infect a computer DBMS: Data Base Management System. . VIRUS: Short for vital Information Resource Under Seize. WAN: Wide Area Network. The RDP of Windows is mstc (Microsoft terminal services client). such as a hardware platform. a storage device or network resources. The objects fall into two broad categories: resources (e. hosting of multiple virtualized environments within a single OS instance. . SERVERS: It is a part of a computer network that does a particular task. Remote Desktop Connections: Formerly known as Terminal Services . It consists of more than 1 hard disks in the form of RAID(REDUNDANT Array of Independent Disks). Security principals are assigned unique security identifiers(SIDs) VIRTUALIZATION: In computing. printers) and security principals (user or computer accounts and groups).is one of the components of Microsoft Windows(both server and client versions) that allows a user to access applications and data on a remote computer over a network. AD: Active Directory.g. Application virtualization and Workspace virtualization. An Active Directory structure is a hierarchical arrangement of information about objects. the hosting of individual applications in an environment separated from the underlying OS. using the Remote Desktop Protocol(RDP). the creation of a virtual (rather than actual) version of something. Operating system-level virtualization. operating system. This is the main reason that it is difficult to implement Web sites that react intelligently to user input. the two main ones being TCP and IP.TCP/IP (pronounced as separate letters) Short for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol. this actually sends an HTTP command to the Web server directing it to fetch and transmit the requested Web page. For example. such as Netware. the underlying protocol used by the World Wide Web. This shortcoming of HTTP is being addressed in a number of new technologies. uploading a Web page file to a server). FTP Short for File Transfer Protocol. TCP/IP uses several protocols. Even network operating systems that have their own protocols. Java. FTP works in the same way as HTTP for transferring Web pages from a server to a user's browser and SMTP for transferring electronic mail across the Internet in that. including ActiveX. like these technologies.g. the suite of communications protocols used to connect hosts on the Internet. HTTP defines how messages are formatted and transmitted. TCP/IP is built into the UNIX operating system and is used by the Internet. making it the de facto standard for transmitting data over networks. the protocol for exchanging files over the Internet. HTTP is called a stateless protocol because each command is executed independently.. also support TCP/IP. when you enter a URL in your browser. . JavaScript and cookies. FTP uses the Internet's TCP/IP protocols to enable data transfer. and what actions Web servers and browsers should take in response to various commands. which covers how Web pages are formatted and displayed. The other main standard that controls how the World Wide Web works is HTML. FTP is most commonly used to download a file from a server using the Internet or to upload a file to a server (e. HTTP Short for HyperText Transfer Protocol. without any knowledge of the commands that came before it. Veronica and Jughead. Telnet is a common way to remotely control Web servers. To start a Telnet session. This enables you to control the server and communicate with other servers on the network. With the ascendance of the Web. A Gopher server presents its contents as a hierarchically structured list of files. All the information you'd like to include in your Web page fits in between the <BODY> and </BODY> tags. The Telnet program runs on your computer and connects your PC to a server on the network.Telnet tel´net) (n. HTML defines the structure and layout of a Web document by using a variety of tags and attributes. You can then enter commands through the Telnet program and they will be executed as if you were entering them directly on the server console. let you search global indices of resources stored in Gopher systems. Two systems. many gopher databases were converted to Web sites which can be more easily accessed via Web search engines. the authoring language used to create documents on the World Wide Web. you must log in to a server by entering a valid username and password. The correct structure for an HTML document starts with <HTML><HEAD>(enter here what document is about)<BODY> and ends with </BODY></HTML>. HTML Short for HyperText Markup Language. although it is not a strict subset. Gopher was developed at the University of Minnesota and named after the school's mascot.) A terminal emulation program for TCP/IP networks such as the Internet. gopher A system that pre-dates the World Wide Web for organizing and displaying files on Internet servers. IP address . HTML is similar to SGML. For example. Consequently.240 could be an IP address. the node address is called the Data Link Control (DLC) address. However.An identifier for a computer or device on a TCP/IP network.10. each different type of network medium requires a different MAC layer.000 networks Class C . 1. a hardware address that uniquely identifies each node of a network. Within an isolated network. The four numbers in an IP address are used in different ways to identify a particular network and a host on that network. you can assign IP addresses at random as long as each one is unique.assign Internet addresses from the following three classes. The MAC layer interfaces directly with the network medium. so a new classless scheme called CIDR is gradually replacing the system based on classes A.supports 65.supports 16 million hosts on each of 126 networks Class B . LACNIC and APNIC -. Each number can be zero to 255. B. connecting a private network to the Internet requires using registered IP addresses (called Internet addresses) to avoid duplicates. Networks using the TCP/IP protocol route messages based on the IP address of the destination.ARIN. How to Find a MAC Address To display your MAC address on a Windows NT/2000/2003/XP/Visa computer: Click START Go to ACCESSORIES Select Command Prompt . On networks that do not conform to the IEEE 802 standards but do conform to the OSI Reference Model. the Data Link Control (DLC) layer of the OSI Reference Model is divided into two sub-layers: the Logical Link Control (LLC) layer and the Media Access Control (MAC) layer. The format of an IP address is a 32-bit numeric address written as four numbers separated by periods. RIPE NCC. and C and is tied to adoption of IPv6. Four regional Internet registries -. In IEEE 802 networks. Class A . MAC address Short for Media Access Control address.160.supports 254 hosts on each of 2 million networks The number of unassigned Internet addresses is running out.000 hosts on each of 16. 105. The DNS system is. establishes a connection between two hosts so that they can send messages back and forth for a period of time. The MAC address is the number located next to "Physical Address" in the list. an Internet service that translates domain names into IP addresses. which establishes a virtual connection between a destination and a source.com might translate to 198. is really based on IP addresses. but there's no direct link between you and the recipient. IPv6 will coexist with the older IPv4 for some time. DNS (1) Short for Domain Name System (or Service or Server). therefore. . Every time you use a domain name. What is The Difference Between IPv6 and IPv4? What is Internet Protocol -. (2) Short for digital nervous system. they're easier to remember.232. its own network. Because domain names are alphabetic. For example. It allows you to address a package and drop it in the system. IPv6 is an evolutionary upgrade to the Internet Protocol. Type: (no quotes) "ipconfig /all" In the "ipconfig /all" results look for the adapter you want to find the MAC address of. it asks another one. on the other hand. The Internet however. Most networks combine IP with a higherlevel protocol called Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). TCP/IP. IP by itself can be compared to something like the postal system. a DNS service must translate the name into the corresponding IP address.4.IP? IP (short for Internet Protocol) specifies the technical format of packets and the addressing scheme for computers to communicate over a network. There are currently two version of Internet Protocol (IP): IPv4 and a new version called IPv6. If one DNS server doesn't know how to translate a particular domain name. the domain name www. in fact. a term coined by Bill Gates to describe a network of personal computers that make it easier to obtain and understand information. and so on.example. until the correct IP address is returned. IPv6 is designed to allow the Internet to grow steadily. both in terms of the number of hosts connected and the total amount of data traffic transmitted. IPv4 uses a 32-bit address scheme allowing for a total of 2^32 addresses (just over 4 billion addresses). A new Internet addressing system Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) is being deployed to fulfill the need for more Internet addresses. there are other important technological changes in IPv6 that will improve the IP protocol: No more NAT (Network Address Translation) Auto-configuration No more private address collisions Better multicast routing .Internet Protocol Version 6? IPv6 (Internet Protocol Version 6) is also called IPng (Internet Protocol next generation) and it is the newest version of the Internet Protocol (IP) reviewed in the IETF standards committees to replace the current version of IPv4 (Internet Protocol Version 4). coexist with the older IPv4 for some time. read “3 Ways to Secure Your Virtualized Data Center” now. IPv6 was born out of concern that the demand for IP addresses would exceed the available supply. What is IPv6 -.Internet Protocol Version 4? IPv4 (Internet Protocol Version 4) is the fourth revision of the Internet Protocol (IP) used to to identify devices on a network through an addressing system. smartphones and game consoles -.: To protect your virtual network. in fact. The Internet Protocol is designed for use in interconnected systems of packet-switched computer communication networks IPv4 is the most widely deployed Internet protocol used to connect devices to the Internet. With the growth of the Internet it is expected that the number of unused IPv4 addresses will eventually run out because every device -. It was designed as an evolutionary upgrade to the Internet Protocol and will.What is IPv4 -. While increasing the pool of addresses is one of the most often-talked about benefit of IPv6. IPv6 is the successor to Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4).that connects to the Internet requires an address. Sponsored Server virtualization is growing in popularity. IPv6 is often referred to as the "next generation" Internet standard and has been under development now since the mid-1990s. but the technology for securing it lags.including computers. com is a fully qualified domain name. It is often believed that "Ping" is an abbreviation for Packet Internet Groper. FQDN A fully qualified domain name consists of a host and domain name.10.webopedia.160. including top-level domain. It works by sending a packet to the specified address and waiting for a reply. more efficient routing True quality of service (QoS). For example.com is the top level domain. There are many freeware and shareware Ping utilities available for personal computers. . Simpler header format Simplified. For example. 1. and. IPv6 addresses are 128-bit IP address written in hexadecimal and separated by colons. but Ping's author has stated that the names comes from the sound that a sonar makes. webopedia is the second-level domain. An example IPv6 address could be written like this: 3ffe:1900:4545:3:200:f8ff:fe21:67cf ping A utility to determine whether a specific IP address is accessible. a 32bit numeric address (IPv4) is written in decimal as four numbers separated by periods. Each number can be zero to 255. PING is used primarily to troubleshoot Internet connections.240 could be an IP address. www is the host. For example. also called "flow labeling" Built-in authentication and privacy support Flexible options and extensions Easier administration (say good-bye to DHCP) Recommended Reading: IPv6: Preparing for the Migration The Difference Between IPv6 and IPv4 IP Addresses An IP address is binary numbers but can be stored as text for human readers. www. com is also a FQDN Remote Desktop Remote Desktop. enables you to connect to your computer across the Internet from virtually any computer. or smartphone.xerox. How to Use Windows Remote Desktop .A FQDN always starts with a host name and continues all the way up to the top-level domain name. Pocket PC.parc. a function included with Windows XP Professional. Unlike a typical VPN connection (which will give a remote PC access to the company network) Remote Desktop will actually allow you to see and control your connected PC as though you were sitting directly in front of it. so www. or you can Google it to be detected by a Web site service. Like with the Computer Name. . This is the number you want to use when connecting to your Remote Desktop PC when away from the home or office. You can find your Internet IP address on your router's status pages. This requires signing up for a service (a few free ones are DynDNS. you can use this only when you are on the same network.afraid. we'll connect using the traditional client program (called Remote Desktop Connection) that's installed by default on most Windows versions. it's best to use a domain or host name to connect to your Remote Desktop PC. and it is used by the network components when sending and receiving data. if you have a dynamic IP address. which include: Computer Name: This is the Computer Name value of the computer that Windows uses to help you identify computers on a local network. not if you are connecting from a computer outside your home or office. It's that simple.Connecting to Your PC with the Traditional Client Now you're all ready to remotely connect to your PC either from another computer on your network or from any computer on the Internet. and even small business.103) also helps identify computers on a local network. you need to click the Computer Name tab. Start>All Programs>Accessories>Remote Desktop Connection Once the program loads. and No-IP) and configuring your router with your account details so your host name stays updated when your IP address changes. and if in Windows XP. Internet IP Address: This number is the IP address of your Internet connection or modem. Windows Remote Desktop.168. You can find this value on a computer by right-clicking the My Computer or Computer icon on your desktop or the Start menu. A word of caution: Your Internet IP changes. Internet connections. Local IP Address: This number (such as 192. You can use this only when you are on the same network as the Remote Desktop computer. You have. you can enter the path to your Remote Desktop PC into the Computer field and hit the Connect button.1. anywhere from daily to monthly. a few different items you can use as a path. clicking Properties. used to identify computers or networks on the Web. FreeDNS. This type of address is typical on most residential. First. You can find a computer's IP address by looking through the network connection status details in Windows. You can call your ISP to see if you have a dynamic IP address or a static address. under the WAN or Internet section. Domain or Host Name: If you have a dynamic IP address (or you don't want to remember a static address).org. assigned by your Internet service provider (ISP). though. enter the URL. On the Remote Desktop Web Connection page click Connect. click Yes. you should now be able to bring up your computer with a Web browser. However. You don't need to fill in the Server field. and hit the Enter key. Wrapping It Up Now you should be able to remote into your PC from the next room or from around the globe. Remember to disable any automatic sleep. If you're prompted to install the Remote Desktop ActiveX control. If you leave the default Size set to Full-screen. you must use your Internet IP address. Keep Windows up-to-date with critical and recommended updates to make sure you're protected from the latest known security holes. Even when connecting to a PC via the Web browser. Otherwise you'll see the Remote Desktop screen in your browser at the size you specify. If you are connecting to the Remote Desktop from a computer on the local network. The URL consists of http://YourIPAddress:PortYouChoose/tsweb/. Reference the bullets in the previous section for more on these addresses as well as info on domain or host names that you could use in place of an IP address when connecting via the browser. if you are connecting from elsewhere. We'll leave you with a few tips to commit to memory: Remember your PC must be plugged in and turned on to remotely connect to it. . If you run into problems and can't connect using the client program or the Web access page doesn't load. you can use the PC's local IP address rather than the Internet IP address. You only have to type colon and the port number if you changed the default port 80 to something else. is always on and protecting against hackers. double check your firewall and router settings. the host computer must also have the traditional Remote Desktop feature enabled. Open a Web browser. Make sure Windows Firewall. it will try to use the traditional client program if it's installed. or stand-by features on your PC. or another third-party solution. hibernation.Connecting to Your Windows XP PC via Web Browser Sponsored If you followed the directions to set up Web access of your Remote Desktop PC. Application Softwares used at Systems. NALCO . It is an abstraction simplifying the underlying component by providing a user friendly interface. The detailed structure is very complex and all commands written in the front end is executed at the back end. Under Back End: . NALCO. Front End Application Softwares are those software which interact with human interface. GUIs can be used in computers. Graphical User Interface: Is a type of user interface that allows users to interact with electronic devices with images rather than text commands. The Front End Application Software is also divided into two parts. Command User Interface: Is a type of user interface that allows user to interact with the computer with the help of commands.APPLICATION SOFTWARE: Application Software is a set of computer programs that contains programs to execute different applications and commands on them. The actions are usually performed through direct manipulation of the graphical elements. typed command labels or text navigation. The 2 types of applications softwares used at systems. The first one being Front End Application Software & the second one being Back End Application Softwares. as opposed to text-based interfaces. A GUI represents the information and actions available to a user through graphical icons and visual indicators such as secondary notation. Back End Application Softwares are those softwares that don’t interact with human interface. household appliances and office equipment. The first one being Command User interface (CUI) application Software & Graphical User Interface (GUI) Application Softwares. com .819(2010) Website www. Company Profile. NALCO) includes: POWER BUILDER Sybase: Sybase.sybase.Chen. analytics and data warehousing solutions and mobile applications development platforms. President Employees 3. California(1984) Dublin. SYBASE® An SAP company Industry Computer software Founded Headquarters Berkeley. is an enterprise software and company offering software to manage. using relational database. Sybase Under Front End: The Command User Interface (CUI) Application Softwares (at Systems. CEO. analyze. NALCO) includes: APT DWB The Graphical User Interface (GUI) Application Softwares (at Systems. California Key people John S. and mobilize information. an SAP company. NALCO APT is used as one of main Front End Software to work with database using Sybase. but it has since been modified to also work with the RPM Package Manager system via apt-rpm. While Power Builder’s market share has diminished. and APT is also available in open Solaris (included in the Nexenta OS distribution). APT was originally designed as a front-end for dpkg to work with Debian’s deb packages. etc. Telesphoreo is a project dedicated to porting APT to mobile operating system. Sybase released a major upgrade to Power Builder.At Systems. NALCO Sybase acts as the main Back End Software for all computers in the network.Payroll. peaking around 1998 with around 100000 users. The main packages run are Financial Accounting Systems(FAS). either from binary files or by compiling source code. All the databases are stored using this software. Dispatch. a division of SAP. The fink project has ported APT to Mac OS X for Some of its own package management tasks. . All the queries regarding various operations are written in the front end are executed here. In 2010. with a complicated port to iOS. It is been in use since 1991. At systems. Power Builder: It is an integrated development environment owned by Sybase. intended to complete directly with Microsoft Visual Studio. Advanced Packaging tool (APT): It is a free user interface that works with core libraries to handle the installation and removal of software on the Debian GNU/Linux distribution and its variants. Many applications have been developed using this to run various package. ATP simplifies the process of managing software on Unix-like computer systems by automating the retrieval. configuration and installation of software packages. many applications created with it are still in use. There are a number of third-party tools that build upon and enhance the functionality of Power Builder. Systems. Applications running include Payrolls. Visual Expert for Power Builder. power builder has seen substaintial competition arise from Java development tools and from Visual Studio. Gate Pass. including Appeon for Power builder. and Enable Multilingual. the company that provides the enterprise resource planning solution has upgraded the package and launched it as SAP ERP Central Component (ecc)6.”Systems analysis and program development”).0 in 2005. NALCO power builder is used to run various applications over the network. At Systems. but that all extract data from the common database). The purpose of positioning it as ECC is to enable SAP to build and develop an environment of other products that can function upon the foundation of the central component. SAP’s ERP solution includes several modules that support key function areas. However in recent years. SAP AG. installed. Power Builder is used primarily for building business applications. Anwendungen und Produkte in der Datenverarbeitung (German for “ systems. etc. The first name chosen for the company was not System.Sybase sells another programming language called Pocket Builder. It is based on Power Builder and used for creating applications that run on mobile devices such as cell phones or PDAs. and run separately. FAS. Power Builder is used by some companied in the financial and telecoms sectors. Applications and Products” or the acronym SAP) but originally Systemanalyse and Programmentwicklung (in English . Applications and Product (SAP): SAP AG was founded by five former IBM employees in 1972 who wanted to create a real-time business data system. It uses the concept of modules(individual programs that can be purchased . including: SAP ERP Financials SAP ERP Operations SAP ERP Human Capital Management . and lead time reduction. final and accounting. product design and development.SAP ERP consists of several modules including: utilities for marketing and sales. As a result of marketing changes and changes in the industry other versions of SAP have been released that address these changes. Extension sets were used to deliver new features and keep the core as stable as possible. When SAP R/3 Enterprise was launched in 2002. human resources. inadequate testing. Architectural changes were also made to support enterprise services architecture to transition customers to a services. The SAP Web Application Server was wrapped into Net Weaver. If SAP ERP is implemented correctly an enterprise can go from its old calculations system to a fully integrated software package. SAP’s set of middleware programs and tools. including SAP R/3 Enterprise.SAP ERP collects and combines data from the separate modules to provide the company or organization with enterprise resource planning. . field service. The first edition of my SAP ERP was launched in 2003 and bundled previously separate products.oriented architecture. failing to plan the change to SAP ERP properly. the implementation and training costs are expensive. SAP Strategic Enterprise Management (SEM) and extension sets. SAP Strategic Enterprise Management and Internet Transaction Sever were also merged into SAP ECC. which was also introduced in 2003. production and inventory control. inventory reduction. All these factors can mean the difference between having a successful implementation of SAP ERP or an unsuccessful one.6 consisted of various applications on top of SAP Basis. Potential benefits include: efficient business process. Although there can be major benefits for customers of SAP ERP.SAP R/3 through version 4. allowing user to allowing users to run them under one instance. Many companies experience problems when implementing SAP ERP software. all applications were built on the top of the SAP Web Application Server. such as: failing to specify their operation objectives. The Web application Server contained all the capabilities of SAP Basis. absence of a strong commitment or positive approach to change. A complete architecture change took place with the introduction of my SAP ERP edition 2004. R/3 enterprise was replaced with the introduction of ERP Central Component (SAP ECC). failing to deal with organizational differences. The SAP Business Warehouse. a platform that enabled large corporations to build mainframe business applications for materials management and financial and management accounting. It is currently positioned. The ABAP programming language was originally used by developers to develop the ASP R/3 platform. ABAP is one of the many application-Specific fourth-generation languages (4GLs) first developed in the 1980s. The syntax of ABAP is somewhat similar to COBOL. Here. pronounced as ‘ah-bop’. alongside the more recently introduced java. Details have been given below: ABAP (Advanced Business Application Programming): Originally Allgemeiner Berichts-Aufbereitungs-Prozessor. ABAP was one of the first languages to include the concept of Logical Databases (LDBs). is a high-level programming language created by the German software company SAP. It finds a wide range of applications for all types of databases. Programming in SAP requires knowledge of a language known as ABAP. as the language for building business applications. Besides the predefined package of SAP employees at systems. the German meaning of “generic report preparation processor”. It was also intended to be used by SAP customers to enhance SAP application-customers can develop custom reports and interfaces with ABAP programming. but was later renamed to Advanced Business Application Programming.Presently NALCO is switching over from all previous versions and softwares to SAP. it was originally the report language for SAP R/2. Knowledge of relational . which provides a high level of abstraction from the basic database level(s). German for “general report creation processor”. NALCO have developed various other packages to cater to various different requirements of the industry. ABAP used to be an abbreviation of Allgemeiner Berichts-AufbereitungsProzessor. at NALCO the financial accounting and material management is done by SAP. The language is fairly easy to learn for programmers but it is not a tool for direct use by non-programmers. 6. in this respect it can be seen as a Virtual Machine comparable with the Java VM. The database interface handles all the communication with the relational database on behalf of ABAP programs. which can be viewed and edited with the ABAP work bench tools. ABAP remains the language for creating programs for the client-server R/3 system. it also contains extra features such as buffering of tables and frequently accessed data in the local memory of the application server. All ABAP programs reside inside the SAP database. all but the most basic functions where written in ABAP. which is part of the SAP kernel.database design and preferably also of object-oriented concepts is necessary to create ABAP programs. SAP’s current development platform Net Weaver Supports both ABSP and Java. . The runtime system is responsible for processing ABAP statements. controlling the flow logic for screens and responding to events (such as a user clicking on a screen button). In 1999. A key component of ABAP runtime system is the Database Interface. and generated code. By 2001. ABAP program execute under the control of the runtime system. which SAP first released in 1992. As computer hardware evolved through the 1990s. which turns database-independent ABAP statements (“Open SQL”) into statements understood by the underlying DBMS (“Native SQL”). SAP released an object-oriented extension to ABAP called ABAP Objects. They are nit stored in separate external files like Java or C++ programs. along with R/3 release 4. more and more and more of SAP’s applications and systems were written in ABAP. In the database all ABAP code exists in two forms: Source code. a binary representation somewhat comparable with Java byte code. SAP R/3 Influenced by Objective-C.COBOLO.safe.nominative Major implementations SAP R/2.structured.oriented.strong.ABAP/4 Paradigm Object.impretive Appeared in 1983 Designed by SAP AG Typing discipline Static.SQL OS CROSS-PLATFORM . Nalco .System Softwares used at Systems. Microsoft Windows At Systems. .System Softwares:It is computer software designed to operate to the computer hardware and to provide a platform for running application software. Ex. although the application code is usually executed directly by the hardware and will frequently call the OS or be interrupted by it. consisting of programs and data. Unix. Operating systems are found on almost any device that contains a computer starting from cellular phones and video game consoles to super computers and web servers. that runs on computers. manager computer hardware resources. and provides common services for execution of various application software. Operating Systems can be of two types: Command Based Operating System. Linux Graphical Operating System. the operating system acts as an intermediary between application programs and the computer hardware. An Operating System (OS) is software. Ex. For hardware functions such as input and output and memory allocation. They generally include the operating systems. NALCO the Command Based Operating System used is Digital UNIX. . where it was known as Digital UNIX (formerly DEC OSF/1 AXP).Packard (HP).bit UNIX operating system for the Alpha instruction set architecture (ISA).) Tru64 UNIX requires the SRM boot firmware found on Alpha-based computer systems. As its original name suggests. DEC’s previous UNIX product was known as Ultrix and was based on BSD. as it is built on top of the Mach kernel developed at Carnegie Mellon University.Digital UNIX:Tru64 UNIX is a 64. It is unusual among commercial UNIX implementations. and before that. currently owned by Hewlett. Tru64 UNIX was a product of Compaq. Previously. MkLinux. Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC). and Mac OS X. (Other UNIX implementations built on top of the Mach kernel are NEXTSTEP. Tru64 UNIX is based on the OSF/1 operating system. Compaq OS family Unix Working state Current Source Model Closed source Initial release January 1992: 19 years ago Latest stable release 5. HP. Version Approx Date DEC OSF/11.Tru64 UNIX Company/Developer DEC.1B-6/ October 2010 Supported platforms DEC Alpha Kernel type Hybrid kernel Default user interface Command line interface License Proprietary Official website Tru64 UNIX Software VERSIONS: These versions released for Alpha AXP platforms.2 March 1993 Notes . compliant Curses Y2K readiness.0A UNIX Digital 4.2C UNIX July 1995 Digital 3.DEC OSF/11.2F UNIX June 1996 Digital UNIX 4.0 March 1996 Digital 4.0C UNIX CDE made default desktop X/Open. extended UIDs/GIDs: .0 August 1994 SMP support Manager (LGM) Digital UNIX 3.0 March 1994 Logical Storage introduced DEC OSF/13.0B UNIX December 1996 Digital 4.3 August 1993 DEC OSF/12.2 February 1995 Digital 3. 76 Big Pages.1 Name Service Switch(NSS).5.0F UNIX December 1997 UNIX November 1998 UNIX April 1999 Tru64 4.8.0D Digital 4.8. Netscape 4.5. Send mail 8.ISO 9660 install disc Tru64 UNIX 5. Netscape 4.3.0A class scheduler. Netscape 3.Digital 4. IPv6 Enhancements. limited DVD support.51.04 July 1999 September 2000 UNIX September 2001 Tru64 5. Hotswap.9. COM for Tru64 UNIX UNIX April 2000 UNIX May 2000 Maximum 256 X clients (formerly 128). Tcl/Tk 8.05 Improved performance/scalability. UNIX 98 Conformance.0 Tru64 5. Netscape 4. Netscape 4.1 Tru64 5. Netscape 4.0E Tru64 4. Send mail 8.4.3 UFS Delayed metadata option. Send mail 8.8. Netscape 4.X11R6.1B-1 UNIX November 2003 Extended System V functionality.1. AdvFS atomic write data logging.4 . Open MP.8. JDK1.1A USB support. IPv6 Online CPU addition/removal.7 Tru64 UNIX 5.7. X11R6.1B UNIX September 2002 Tru64 5. Netscape 6.0G USB keyboard/mouse support.2.ODBC/JDBC. Mozilla 1. Unicode 3. 1B-4 The Graphical Based Operating System Used at System NALCO is Microsoft Windows Server 2008 (Enterprise Edition).1B-3 UNIX August 2004 UNIX June 2005 Unified Buffer Cache Scaling. named Windows Server 2008 R2.DST changes. .1B-5 UNIX March2009 Standards conformance.5 Tru64 5. It is a successor to Windows Server 2003. Windows Server 2008 is based on Windows NT 6. and officially released on February 27.1B-6 UNIX October 2010 Defect Fixes Only Tru64 5.5 UNIX December 2006 POSIX conformance.2.S. A second release.x.6 AdvFS robustness. Released to manufacturing on February 4. was released to manufacturing on July 22.4. 2008. released nearly five years earlier. Perl 5. 2008. 2007 U. Mozilla 1.2. support for latest DST changes. 2009. Rebranding(COMPAQ to HP). BIND 9. Accounting refinements. BIND 9.7.1B-2 Tru64 5. Mozilla 1. LSM Enhancements.8.8 Tru64 5. Like Windows Vista and Windows 7.Tru64 5. Microsoft Windows Server 2008: Windows Server 2008 (Sometimes abbreviated as “Win2K8”) is one of Microsoft Windows Server line of Operating System. Screenshot of Windows Server 2008 . SCCM Platform support Ia-32.Developer Microsoft Website Official website Releases Release date RTM: February 4. Windows Sever Update Services.18005.090713-1255) (July 22.090410-1830) Windows Server 2008 R2 (Build 7600.2008(inof) Current version Windows Server 2008 Service Pack2 (Build 6002. 2009. ltanium Preceded by Windows Server 2003 Succeeded by Windows Server 2008 R2 . x86-64. 22months ago)(info) Source model Closed source/Shared Source License MS-EULA Kernel type Hybrid Update method Windows Update. 2008.16385. Retail: February 27. EDITIONS:- . Similar to Windows Server 2003. Windows Server 2008 for Itanium based Systems supports IA64 processors.Most edition of Windows Server 2008 are available in x86-64 (64-bit) and IA32(32-bit) versions. As such it is not optimized for use as a file server or media server. Microsoft has announced that Windows Server 2008 is the last 32-bit Windows Server operating system. Windows Server 2008 for Itanium-based Systems Windows Server 2008 Foundation (Codenamed “Lima”) CONCLUSION: . Microsoft has optimized the IA-64 version for high-workload scenarios like database server and Line of business (LOB) applications. Windows Server 2008 is available in the editions listed below. Windows Server 2008 Standard (IA-32 and x86-64) Windows Server 2008 Enterprise (x86 and x86-64) Windows Server 2008 Datacenter (x86 and x86-64) Windows HPS Server 2008 (Codenamed ”Socrates”) (replacing Windows Compute Cluster Server 2003) Windows Web Server 2008 (x86 and x86-64) Windows Storage Server 2008 (Codenamed ”Magni”) (x86 and x86-64) Windows Small Business Server 2008 (Codenamed ”Cougar”) (x86-64) for a small businesses Windows Small Business Server 2008 (Codenamed ”Cougar”) (x86-64) for a small businesses Windows Essential Business Server 2008 (Codenamed ”Centro”) (x86-64) for Medium-sized businesses [28]. The study on overview of NALCO and the functions of the SYSTEM Department gave me general ideas regarding the company and SYSTEM Department in detail. NALCO. It was a truly a memorable and satisfying experience to complete this training in NALCO. This was my first experience regarding how an industrial set up actually runs and having completed this training which will be of great future use gives me immense pleasure. This training also provided me a platform to understand what the industry expects from me and how I need to perform in a professional field.Basic objective of this study was to acquire knowledge and practical exposure in a NAVARATNA Company. . Overall it was a wonderful experience to get associated and work with NALCO. www. www.com 5. www.sybase.com .wikipedia.REFERENCES:- 1. www.sdn.sap.org 3. www.microsoft.com 4.com 2.nalcoindia. PREPARED BY: Janmejaya Das B-Tch 2ND YR (2010-2014) Gandhi Institute for Education and Technology Affiliated to: Biju Patnaik University of Technology Mail id: [email protected] Ph no-+919938606292 .