Voice & Accent Training Manual1 Click here to get your free novaPDF Lite registration key Table of Contents DAY-1 Break up timings 30. Mins 1. Hour Overview of Voice & Accent Pre-assessment of Voice & Accent Recording Exercise Reading Exercise & Extempore (To assess Stress Pattern, Expression & Grammar) Pre-assessment Feedback DAY- 2 Consonant Sound & Articulation Review Sound Practice Reading Exercise Phonetic DAY- 3 Vowel Sound & Neutral Accent Review Sound Practice Reading Exercise Visual Clips Phonetic DAY- 4 Review Session Recap of Sound using Cue Card Reading Group Discussion Listening & Comprehension 1. Hour 30. Mins 45. 45. 45. 45. Mins Mins Mins Mins 30. 45. 45. 20. 40. Mins Mins Mins Mins Mins 01. Hour 45. Mins 30. Mins 45. Mins 2 Click here to get your free novaPDF Lite registration key Studying accent reduction is more like studying dance." Reducing your accent is different than other skills such as grammar and vocabulary. All that you need is the desire to change. It involves the training of muscle groups. Usually. This “transference” occurs mainly for two reasons. Level 2: People understand what you want to say. For example. they choose /i/ as in the word he or meet. sports or martial arts." Simply observing or knowing how to. What is an "Accent?" We often hear people say. Everybody is born with these muscle groups located in our tongue. and your English is pleasant to listen to Can I reduce my Accent? Anybody with the desire to reduce their accent can reduce their accent. we achieve success! The key to learning to speak English clearly and correctly is training and practice. Hence. is not enough. when saying the word chip. You use the wrong sounds in English words. lips and jaw. Level 3: People understand you. The first reason is that the speaker is not aware that a specific sound exists in English." or "He has an accent. ". an accent is the process by which a speaker substitutes a sound from their native language for a sound from English. 3 Click here to get your free novaPDF Lite registration key . Awareness and knowledge is important but you have to try it in order to be able to actually do it.Overview of Voice and Accent There are 3 level of English pronunciation: Level 1: People often don't understand what you want to say. but it is unpleasant to listen to you. music.they substitute a similar sound which exists in their native language. Change begins with the desire to change. " I want to reduce my accent. many students are unaware of the sound /I/ as in the word chip or big. But what exactly is an accent ? Essentially. As a result. When we combine our desire with proper instruction and practice. proper instruction and most of all practice and training! Accent reduction is about "doing. they use the closest sound from their native language instead. Clear and accurate speech comes from "doing. It doesn't involve specific pitches – just knowing when to raise your pitch and when to lower it. But there are simple rules to guide you when you're not sure. For example instead of saying convince They might say: convince This can be confusing for a listener. Finally. O and U. an accent -not to mention some confusion in mid -conversation. The word that may sound like “zat” or “ dat” The student chooses /z/ or /d/ because it's easier and “close enough. For example. E. there are fifteen vowels sounds in English! You are probably already aware of most of them.So a word like chip ends up sounding like cheap and there it is . You have to become aware of the melody of English. /z. I.” Another element of an accent is incorrect intonation. you must first become aware of all the sounds of English. Don't worry. In order to lose your accent. However the articulation of the sound is just too difficult or feels unnatural The result is that /th/ is pronounced like /s/. there are five vowels in the Latin alphabet-A. However. For example. Once you learn the rules. 4 Click here to get your free novaPDF Lite registration key . Losing your accent involves learning how to properly articulate the vowels and consonant sounds and finally. many students are aware of the sound /th/ as in think or that. The second reason a speaker substitutes the wrong sound is that he or she may simply find it too difficult to pronounce the correct sound./ /d/ or /t/. it gets easier and the stress patterns start to become second nature. It's a very simple melody and you don't have to have musical training or a musical ear to learn it. using them habitually in your everyday speech. English has a melody. some people have accents because they put the stress in the wrong places of words and sentences. Foxtrot G. Victor W. Tango U. Yankee Z. Charlie D.CONSONANT SOUND AND ARTICULATION Phonetic Alphabet The phonetic alphabet is an internationally recognized set of words used to clarify the letters of the alphabet. X-Ray Y. Alpha-Alfah B. Juliet K. Zulu Letters A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Phonetic Alphabets Alpha Bravo Charlie Delta Echo Foxtrot Golf Hotel India Juliet Kilo Lima Mike November Oscar Papa Quebec Romeo Sierra Tango Uniform Victor Whiskey X-ray Yankee Zulu Sound ALfah BRAHvoh CHARlee DELLtah ECKoh FOCKStrot Golf HohTELL INdeeah JEWleeETT KEYloh LEEmah Mike noVEMber OSScah pahPAH KehBECK ROWmeoh seeAIRrah TANGgo YOUneeform VIKtah WISSkey ECKSray YANGkey ZOOloo 5 Click here to get your free novaPDF Lite registration key . Hotel I. Uniform V. Lima M. use the phonetic alphabet to check that you have got it right. Echo F. Quebec R. Lettters Phonetic Sound Alphabet A. Romeo S. Mile N. India J. Kilo L. November O. Whenever you have to take down a message and check the spelling of the word. Whisky X. Papa Q. Bravo C. Golf H. Oscar P. Delta E. Sierra T. (b) manner of articulation. which refers to where in the mouth the sound is produced. (c) Voicing. which refers to whether or not there is a vibration of the vocal cords as the sound is produced.CONSONANT Consonants are produced when the airstream is obstructed in the vocal tract. which refers to the way the air is obstructed in the mouth while producing the sound. Consonant sounds can be characterized according to three main phonetic properties: (a) place of articulation. 6 Click here to get your free novaPDF Lite registration key . occur. about butter. know brink. gnat. Thames sudden. ghost. anchor hill. played cut. suggest summer. budget. heaped. picture germ. seal 7 Click here to get your free novaPDF Lite registration key . question. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Sound Word pen bed tank door keen gate chair jump mad not singer Let Other Examples cap. No. climb. example watch.Consonants Phonetic Script S. anxiety. ticket begged. shepherd snub. damn funny. queen new. crazy. beauty 8 Click here to get your free novaPDF Lite registration key .Phonetic Script S. scene. of . cement scissors. whole worry. language. No. garage behave. schedule. rough. nephew Bath feather. photo shove. buzz machine. booth loss. rhyme. ration measure. 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Sound Word fit vain think that see cousin shell division he race west yet Other Examples off. write which. 9 Click here to get your free novaPDF Lite registration key . VOICED AND VOICELESS CONSONANTS Voiced Consonants – These are the consonant sounds which is produced from the larynx and the pronunciation of the same will make the vocal chord vibrate Voiceless Consonants – These are the consonant sounds which is produced from the tongue tip and their will be no vibration of vocal chord while pronouncing the same.teeth toothridge hard palate back of throat tongue on soft palate VL VD VL VD VL VD stop fricative affricate nasal liquid glide m p b f v Θ ð VL VD t d s z VL VD VL VD k g ʃ ʒ ʧ ʤ VL h n l r y ŋ w 10 Click here to get your free novaPDF Lite registration key . lips bottom together lip teeth tongue tongue on . Labiodental sounds. [tS] as in “choose”. French [{] and Arabic [q]. which are produced when both lips are brought together. e. Uvular sounds. e.g. [n]. 11 Click here to get your free novaPDF Lite registration key . Velar sounds. [p]. [S] as in “shoe”. which are produced by raising the back of the tongue to the uvula. and [D] as in “this”. e. [k]. which are produced by having the lower lip touch the upper teeth. which are produced at the pharynx. [l]. Alveolar sounds. [T] as in “think”.g.g. e. which is the final sound in “king”. and [dZ] as in “jam”. [g]. Pharyngeal sounds. which are produced at the glottis. Glottal sounds.Places of articulation Bilabial sounds.g. which are produced by raising the back part of the tongue to the soft palate or the velum. which are produced when the tip of the tongue comes between the upper and lower teeth. [f] and [v]. which are produced by raising the front part of the tongue to the alveolar ridge. Interdental sounds.g.g.g.g. e. and [r]. e. Arabic [÷]. Alveopalatal sounds. [s]. and [N]. which are produced when the front part of the tongue touches the alveolar ridge and then the hard palate (that part of the mouth which is just behind the alveolar ridge). e.g. [h] and [/]. [t]. e. [b]. e. [d]. [Z] as in “vision”. and [m]. [z]. they must always be either followed or preceded by a vowel. and in their articulation the tongue moves rapidly in a gliding fashion either toward or away from a neighboring vowel.g. [k]. but not enough to cause any real constriction or friction. 12 Click here to get your free novaPDF Lite registration key . e. [j] and [w]. e. [b]. Glides: such sounds are produced with little or no obstruction of the air in the mouth. e. [z]. Liquids: In the production of these sounds.g. [l] and [r]. there is some obstruction of the airstream in the mouth. [f].g. e. [S]. and [Z]. [D].g. [tS] and [dZ]. and [g]. Fricatives: such sounds are produced by a partial obstruction of the airstream. [T]. This is referred to as the manner of articulation for the sound.g. [s]. [v]. Nasals: such sounds are produced when the air escapes through the nasal cavity rather than the mouth. where the passage in the mouth through which the air escapes is very narrow. [p].g.Manners of articulation Speech sounds are also differentiated by the way the airstream is affected as it travels from the lungs up and out of the mouth and nose. and [N]. [d]. [n]. Stops: such sounds are produced by a complete obstruction of the airstream in the mouth. Affricates: such sounds are produced by a stop closure followed immediately by a slow release of the closure characteristic of the fricative. [t]. e. e. [m]. When occurring in a word. causing friction. e. The sounds produced this way are characterized as voiceless. [t]. [p].g. we indicate this difference in aspiration by superscripting the h h aspirated sound with [ ]. spit (b) tar vs. If the vocal cords are apart when the airstream is pushed from the lungs.Voicing Consonant sounds may be produced either with or without a vibration of vocal cords. star (c) cool vs. and [s]. Aspiration A few sounds (specifically the voiceless stops) are produced with an extra puff of air when occurring initially. [d]. Compare your pronunciation of the [p]. the voiceless stop is released with a strong puff of air. Such sounds are voiced sounds. e. and [k] sounds in both words in each of the following pair: (a) pit vs. By contrast. e.g. which distinguish them from the unaspirated voiceless stops that do not occur initially. [b]. whereas in the second word of each pair no such aspiration is found. The voiceless stops in the first words are therefore characterized as “aspirated” sounds. [t].g. In transcription. if the vocal cords are together. spit [spIt] 13 Click here to get your free novaPDF Lite registration key . school You can easily notice that in the first word of each pair. the airstream forces its way through and causes them to vibrate. the air is not obstructed at the glottis and it passes freely into the supraglottal cavities. pit [p It]. and [z]. which is called aspiration. Ha. Ga. Wa. Ng Zsh Zsh Zsh Zsh Ha. Ha. Ja.Consonant Drill Consonant . Ng. Ja Ra Ra Ra Ra Da Da Da Da Na Na Na Na Wa. Wa Ng. Ng. Ga Consonant . Ha Ya. Wa. Ya. Ya Ga.Voiceless Ph Ph Ph Ph Th Th Th Th Sa Sa Sa Sa Ch Ch Ch Ch Fa Fa Fa Fa Ta Ta Ta Ta Sha Sha Sha Sha Ka Ka Ka Ka 14 Click here to get your free novaPDF Lite registration key .Voiced Ba Ba Ba Ba Ma Ma Ma Ma Va Va Va Va Th Th Th Th Za Za Za Za La La La La Ja. Ga. Ja. Ya. (a) same: _____________ (b) sea: (c) ass: _____________ ____________ (a) shame: ______________ (b) she: (c) ash: ______________ _____________ (a) doze: ______________ (b) peas: ______________ (c) knees: ______________ (a) whim: _____________ (a) leisure: ______________ (b) lesion: ______________ (a) buzz: ______________ (a) thank: ______________ (b) death: ______________ (c) thought: _____________ (b) ways: ______________ (c) chains: ______________ (b) worse: ______________ (c) west: ______________ 15 Click here to get your free novaPDF Lite registration key . (a) bridge _____________ (b) wage: _____________ (c) change: ____________ 3. (a) vim: _____________ (b) verse: _____________ (c) vest: ______________ 5.Exercises Consonant contrasts that cause difficulty Transcribe and say the following: 1. (a) dose: _____________ (b) peace: _____________ (c) niece: ____________ 6. (a) tank: _____________ (b) debt: _____________ (c) taught: ____________ 2. (a) ledger: _____________ (b) legion: _____________ 4. The teal tee-shirts total thirteen. and sharply for B. reapy rippy ray. Tip. They make your lips.Consonant Tongue Twisters Exercise Twisters with "t" and "th" Those toes aren't these toes. green trees. tap. P. Something sure is fishy in this city. Explode that "b. M. lip and lap. rap. trickety trackety truck. which would you pick every time? Ribbons rolled. This tike ties threads together twice. what's your excuse? Tip and tap. Silver slivers shimmer softly in the sunlight. jaw. leapy lippy lay. Tongue twisters are excellent for sharpening enunciation. I wish her well forevermore. Tongue Twisters For S T C F L Snickety snackety snuck. A shout from the south woke the sleeping sherriff. For the W. Twisters with "r" and "l" The rickety ladder rattled right and left before it crashed through the glass. Real lemon. and thirteen tee-shirts are tie-dyed teal green. Twisters with "s" and "sh" She's so sick. clickety clackety cluck. quick. Loose. These teas aren't those teas. the tan tee-shirts total thirty. Learn to articulate properly. P. hair untied. M." Bring those lips down hard. Feely filly fay. 16 Click here to get your free novaPDF Lite registration key . That tike ties together three threads. FOR B: A big black bug bit a big black bear. rip and rap. freely frilly fray. real lime. lip. and W These consonants demand ACTIVE LIPS! Say "Boom". and she's so sore. rip. lap. made a big black bear bleed. Twist twice to tie tightly. pucker the lips. leafy lettuce reminds me of really pretty. Thirty tee-shirts are tan. ribbons loose. Rotten lettuce really reeks. Those threads the two tikes tied are tight. It is simple and can BE INTERESTING. Tongue Twisters For: B. and tongue EXERCISE and increase your ability to articulate. L. Your tongue should snap as a whip. FOR D: Double bubble gum bubbles double. FOR WH: What whim led Whitey White to whittle near a wharf where a whale might wheel and whirl? T. how much wood would a woodchuck chuck. if a woodchuck would? But if a woodchuck would chuck wood. The same for the "Z"—except it is vocalized. groove it. how much wood would a woodchuck chuck. 17 Click here to get your free novaPDF Lite registration key . The first four of these consonants are made alike. FOR W: If a woodchuck would chuck wood. The tip of it should SHARPLY TOUCH the hard palate—just above the upper teeth. On the R. FOR S: Suzy Schell sells sea shells on the seashore. sifted a sieve of unsifted thistles. FOR P: Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers. For "Wh" purse the lips as you blow the breath through the extended fissure. Non double bubble gum doesn't bubble double. D. where is the sieve of sifted thistles Theophilus the thistle sifter sifted? What dost thou think of those that go thither? S. FOR Z: Moses supposes his toeses are roses. Force the breath through the narrow fissure. FOR TH: Theophilus Thistle. To pronounce "S" you raise your tongue. but Moses supposes amiss. and R A lazy TONGUE will get you in trouble with these twisters. the entire tongue arches itself along the roof of the mouth—without touching it. If Theophilus the thistle sifter sifted a sieve of unsifted thistles. FOR M: Military malarkey makes monstrous madmen into maligned martyrs. if a woodchuck could and would chuck wood? Th (thing) and TH(thou) Touch the tip of the tongue to the rim of the upper teeth. If Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers. Z. and WH These sounds require extremely tenuous coordination. and arch it toward the hard palate. The tongue tip should protrude ever so slightly. where is the peck of pickled peppers Peter Piper picked. N. For Moses knowses his toeses aren't roses as Moses supposes. the thistle sifter. For "Sh" and "Zh" the fissure is broader. FOR T: Thomas Tattertoot took taut twine to tie ten twigs to two tall trees. FOR N: A snifter of snuff is enough snuff of a sniff for the snuff-sniffer. F and V Both F and V are formed by biting lightly the lower inside lip. FOR F: I never felt felt feel Hat like that felt felt. K requires the back of the tongue to touch the soft palate. But force the voice through the nasal passage. But V is vocalized." This is an example. When sounding Ng (sing). 18 Click here to get your free novaPDF Lite registration key . swinging. FOR L: Likeable Lillian loves lovely luminous aluminum linoleum. FOR R: Around the rugged rock the ragged rascal ran. F is unvocalized and the breath is merely allowed to escape. K. Say the word "fife. singing singers sang winning songs. G is merely the vocalized form of this sound. FOR NG: The ringing. again arch the tongue in the same manner. If Harry Hugh hid the heel behind the high hill. FOR H: Harry Hugh hid the heel behind the high hill. where is the heel Harry Hugh hid? FOR K: Cass Cash can catch a check cashier to cash his un-cashed check. FOR V: Vern Verve is well versed in very wordy verb verse. The breath is then released VERY SHARPLY. H. and NG H is simply made by expiring through the mouth. the tongue is positioned towards the back of the mouth. Usually the higher a back vowel. roundedness is a reinforcing feature of mid to high back vowels. the tongue is positioned high in the mouth. such as [u]. In front vowels. In most languages. In high vowels. in contrast to consonants. and not distinctive. In Round vowels such as [o] and [u] the lips comes together and forward to form round shape. However. such as [i]. the tongue is positioned low in the mouth. some languages treat roundedness and backness separately. such as [a]. whereas in back vowels. 19 Click here to get your free novaPDF Lite registration key . such as [i] and [u]. Roundedness Roundedness refers to whether the lips are rounded or not. Backness Backness refers to the horizontal tongue position during the articulation of a vowel relative to the back of the mouth. the more intense the rounding. which are characterized by a constriction or closure at one or more points along the vocal tract Articulation The articulatory features that distinguish different vowels in a language are said to determine the Vowel’s quality. the tongue is positioned forward in the mouth. Vowel System is determined in terms of common features like: 1) Height (vertical dimension) 2) Backness (horizontal dimension) 3) Roundedness (lip position) Height: Height refers to the vertical position of the tongue relative to either the roof of the mouth or the aperture of the jaw. whereas in low vowels.Vowel A vowel is a sound in spoken language that is characterized by an open configuration of the vocal tract. or tongue. aw-ful front high seat /iy/ sit /I/ mid say /ey/ central back do /uw/ book /ʊ/ up /ʌ/ schwa /ə/ no /ow/ met /ɛ/ low cat /æ/ my /ay/ stop /a/ ball /ɔ/ now /aw/ 20 Click here to get your free novaPDF Lite registration key . teeth.." . it is produced by not blocking the breath with the lips.. The word "vowel" came into English from the Latin vocalis meaning "voice. is an OPEN sound.. ie.A Vowel Sound ... ie. can form a syllable by itself: hell-o.. is always voiced (VD). . the vocal cords vibrate. broad. blue beggar. could group. foot. people.Vowels Phonetic Script S. we. possible 21 Click here to get your free novaPDF Lite registration key . money dead . aunt. do. friend hand. door wolf. receive pretty . what . heart cough. because warm. said. No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Sound Word feet fit send sat ask pot all put food again Other Examples seat . plait almond . women. concert. buy mouth. chair. journey aim. dear airport. scarce tour. town. fete boat. day. No 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Sound Word up early Other Examples onion. soul isle. bow (bend) boy. height. fluent eI ace old ice out oil zero area poor 22 Click here to get your free novaPDF Lite registration key . word. trouble serve. does. jury. idea. toe.Phonetic Script S. buoy period. Vowel Exercises DRILLS oo oop ou oup aw awp aa aap aye ayep ee eep aaow aaowp aai aaip oops oosp oosps oopk oups ousp ousps oupk awps awsp awsps awpk aaps aasp aasps aapk ayeps ayesp ayesps ayepk eeps eesp eesps eepk aaowps aaowsp aaowsps aaowpk aaips aaisp aaisps aaipk SHORT VOWEL SOUNDS EH BET CHECK DESK DEBT FENCE GET KED LET MEN NET I BIT CHICK DID FIT GRIT KILL LIT MILK KNIT PIT OO BOOK COOK PUSH FOOT GOOD COOK LOOK SHOULD NOOK PUT UH BUT CUT DOES FUN GUT CUD LUMP MUCK KNUCKLE PUTT AE BAT CAT THAT FRANK GALLERY CATCH LAMP MAT NATURAL PACK A AGAIN TOGETHER EVER GATHER MOTHER BROTHER ELDER SPONSOR TRAINER TEACHER AW BOUGHT CAUGHT DOT FROCK GOT COT LOTTERY MOCK KNOCK POPCORN 23 Click here to get your free novaPDF Lite registration key . LONG VOWEL SOUND Aa CAR BARK DARK HEART BAR CAR CALM PALM CHARM I BEET QUICHE DEEP HEAT EAT SEAT DEEPER KEEP NEAT Uu SHOE TRUE CLUE DROOL DO FOOL COOL FOOD RUDE Er SHIRT DIRT TURN FERN CHURN BURN CURT BURST SURF awh HALL LONG TALL BROAD LONGER ALL WALLET WALNET WALL Vowel contrasts that cause difficulty Transcribe and say the following: 1(a) buy: _____________ (b) fete: _____________ (c) tie (d) I’ll: : ____________ ____________ (a) boy: ______________ (b) foil: ______________ (c) toy (d) oil: : _____________ ______________ 2(a) sail : _____________ (a) sell: ______________ (b) fail: _____________ (c) paper: ____________ (d) late: _____________ (b) fell: ______________ (c) pepper: ____________ (d) let: _____________ 24 Click here to get your free novaPDF Lite registration key . 3(a) low: _____________ (b) show: _____________ (c) so : _____________ (a) law: ______________ (b) snore: ______________ (c) saw: ______________ (d) cork: ______________ (d) coke: _____________ 4(a) hurt: _____________ (b) curt: _____________ (c) shirt: ______________ (d) turn: _____________ (a) hut: (b) cut: (c) shut: (d) fun: _____________ ______________ ______________ _____________ 5(a) green: _____________ (b) meals: _____________ (c) ease: ____________ (a) grin: ______________ (b) mill: ______________ (c) is: ______________ (d) beaten: _____________ (d) bitten: _____________ 6(a) main: _____________ (a) men: ______________ (b) hail: _____________ (c) raid: ____________ (b) hell: ______________ (c) red: (d) wet: ____________ _____________ (d) wait: _____________ 7(a) hate: _____________ (b) made: _____________ (c) rate : _____________ (a) hat: ______________ (b) mad: ______________ (c) rat: ______________ (d) ran: ______________ (d) rain: _____________ 25 Click here to get your free novaPDF Lite registration key . / /.” So. Treena tripped on the tree root. Phil will hardly ever tell. /ay/. Feeling ill or feeling well. / /. / /. 26 Click here to get your free novaPDF Lite registration key . Practice with /iy/ and /I/ The sheep on the ship slipped on the sheet of sleet. /aw/. Practice with vowel sounds / /. Vowel sounds / /. Gnats are not now gnawing on the nuts at night. Tins of tiny sardines filled the field. When she put it in her batter. /a/. Feeling full. but she said “This butter’s bitter. She sells slippers. the butter made her batter better. /I/.8(a) back: _____________ (b) hat: _____________ (c) pack: ______________ (d) cat: _____________ (a) bark: _____________ (b) heart: ______________ (c) park: (d) cart: ______________ _____________ 9(a) pool: _____________ (b) fool: _____________ (c) shooed: ____________ (a) pull: _____________ (b) full: ______________ (c) should: _____________ Vowel Tongue Twister Practice: Twisters with "i" and "ee" Bumblebees briefly buzzed beneath the bins of beans. The keen king kissed the quick queen on her green ring. it will make my batter bitter. and tiny little creepers. “If I put it in my batter. better than the bitter butter. and really ripped her raincoat. / /. sleepers. Phyllis didn't eat a bit of the beets. /a/. / / Betty Botter bought some butter. she bought some better butter. We can control the way we speak. The coat from the coast cost more than most Neutral Accent What is Neutral Accent? An accent is a way of pronouncing a language. We change our accents. and when you learned the language you are speaking and it gives impressions about you to other people. Most people vary their accent depending on who they are speaking with. where. / y/. and do. and /aw/ /ay/ Quite nice white mice /aw/ How now brown cow / y/ The spoiled boy foiled the coy boy’s joy by purloining his toy. both consciously and unconsciously. Practice with /ow/ Joe told a joke he wrote on his own. often without noticing. I know that’s not the note that Noel wrote. People do not have a single fixed accent which is determined by their experiences. Neutral Accent 27 Click here to get your free novaPDF Lite registration key . as we have new life experiences. It is therefore impossible to speak without an accent Your accent results from how.Practice with diphthongs /ay/.