[Vertical Vessel Foundation Analysis and Design Guide] PURPOSE This practice establishes guidelines and recommended procedures for the design of vertical vessel foundations using AFES(=Automatic Foundation Engineering System). AFES can design vertical vessel foundations as either soil- or pile-supported footings. CONTENTS This practice comprises the following: Create or Open New Project Setting Soil and Pile Parameters. Creating New Structure. Exporting Load Combination. Assign Foundation Grouping. Editing footing sizes and other parameters. Pier and Footing Reinforcement Set Pile Layout for Pile Foundations. Import Load Combination for various foundation groups. Performing Design and Analysis functions. Quantity BOM(Bill of Material) function Construction Drawing Export 3D Modeling Data (PDMS, PDS Frame Work Plus) There is a need to gather all necessary data from responsible disciplines such as load data of machine or equipment from Mechanical group, etc. before proceeding to modeling. You can input loads directly to AFES through the “Load Case/Combination” feature or import superstructure analysis result files for foundation analysis and design. Below figures are foundation types commonly used for vertical vessel equipment supports. Use : OCT Block Foundation Use : OCT Block Foundation Use : OCT Foundation Design data sample for equipment is shown below based from actual projects. This equipment is a vertical vessel supported by octagonal shape foundation. DESIGN DATA Equipment Design Data Footing Sketch Sheet excel. . This kind of calculation can be done by manual.Sample spreadsheet calculation for wind and seismic load is presented below which was applied for actual project. visual basic or in any form provided to satisfy code and standard requirements. . . A window dialogue will display as shown. Site Name. Project Name. To open the existing project. Click on the “New/Open Project” from Top toolbar menu 1.1 Create New Project a) From “File” menu.1. address. The client data includes your client manager name. General data includes project No. The Project Number and Structure Name entered in Project Information will display as a menu header Note: General Data should be input. e-mail. project rate that values the program needs to use for the specific project. supervisor. any more. Client Name. number of telephone and fax. Create or Open New Project The first step is to enter project specific items. Job data includes assigned engineer. duration of project. . These items include general data. select “New/Open Project”. This data needs to use for the specific project. or create a new project. client data and Job data about a project. Or . A window dialogue will display as shown.b) Select “New Project” option then click “OK” button. c) Enter information then click “OK” button. select “New/Open Project”.1. . c) Select a project then click “OK” button.2 Open Existing Project a) From “File” menu. A window will display as shown. b) Select “Open Existing Project”. safety factor. strength reduction factors.2. a) Click “Setting of Constant” button. This includes a number of parameters such as design code. capacity of pile. allowable increase of pile. Setting Soil and Pile Parameters. Setting of constants options include design information that AFES needs in order to design a foundation. 2. b) Select “Bearing Capacity of Soil” tab. material and unit weight. d) Enter “Soil Bearing Capacity (Qa)” value. clear cover. bearing capacity of soil. . allowable increase of soil. c) Enter name in the “Soil Bearing Capacity Name” text box. set all design parameters from the “Setting of Constant” form.1 Set “Bearing Capacity of Soil” from the “Setting of Constant” command. In case of New project. supports and anchor bolt options. e) Click “Save” button. b) Enter name in the “Pile Name” text box. h) Click “Save” button. . a) Select “Capacity of Pile” tab.2. c) Select “Pile Type”.2 Set “Capacity of Pile” from the “Setting of Constant” button. g) Enter values for “Elastic Modulus (Ep)” and “ Pile Area”. e) Enter values for “Pile dimensions” f) Enter values for “Allowable Capacities”. d) Select “Pile Shape”. reuse data from projects conducted previously. Every input and output data can be saved in AFES Data Base according to projects. An engineer is able to create a file for a new project. and then click on the “New” button. . “Add : New Structure Name” dialog window will appear. 3. or eliminate old and useless data for the user’s own sake.1 Choose “Create New Structure” button. Input structure name. Creating New Structure.3. which provide work efficiency in control over project information. A warning message will appear as shown.1. 4. it will be available for import in this program.4. a) Click “Load Case/Combination” button. e) Choose directory to save file. . c) Click “OK” button. assign file name then click “Save” button. b) Click “Load Combination” button. After exporting the file. Exporting Load Combination. Export Load Combination before assigning group otherwise they will be deleted. The Load Combination form will appear as shown. This function enables us to export load combination data that was saved in text file in AFES program. d) Click “Export” button. we will create the structure as shown below. The Assign Foundation Grouping command is used for assigning group for models with multi-foundations. At the end of this step. Foundations with the same load combinations are recommended to join in one group. The foundation modules in red box shown in above figure are normally used for vertical vessel equipment.5. This is very important because it eliminates repetitions of commands. 5. The available foundation types are as follows. . Assign Foundation Grouping.1 Click “Assign Foundation Grouping” button. b) Assign name from the “Group name” text box. f) Select “Non Pile fdn.” option. d) Select “Non Pile fdn. i) Click “Save” button. c) Select “Octagonal” from the “Group type”. e) Check “Block foundation”. .” g) Select “Different size (Each foundation)” h) Select nodes 1 and 5 from the “Using node list” form.5.2 Assign group for nodes 1 and 5. a) Click “New” button. 3 Assign group for nodes 2 and 6. a) Click “New” button. b) Assign name from the “Group name” text box.5. .” option. d) Select “Non Pile fdn. g) Click “Save” button. e) Select “Different size (Each foundation)” f) Select nodes 2 and 6 from the “Using node list” form. c) Select “Octagonal” from the “Group type”. c) Select “Octagonal” from the “Group type”. f) Click “Save” button.5 Assign group for nodes 7 and 8. e) Select “Pile fdn. g) Select nodes 7 and 8 from the “Using node list” form. f) Select “Different size (Each foundation)”. e) Select nodes 3 and 4 from the “Using node list” form. e) Select “Different size (Each foundation)”. 5. . b) Assign name from the “Group name” text box.” option. d) Select “Block foundation”.” option. a) Click “New” button.4 Assign group for nodes 3 and 4. d) Select “Pile fdn. a) Click “New” button. c) Select “Octagonal” from the “Group type”.5. h) Click “Save” button. b) Assign name from the “Group name” text box. .The structure outcome is shown below. Editing footing sizes and other parameters. b) Click “Feature Data/Dimension” button.1 Edit footing size of group “G1”. a) Select “G1” from the “Group” selection in top menu. <Footing tab> . The Feature Data (Dimension) command is used to define the dimensions and other parameters necessary for the foundation and piers. 6. c) Choose “SUPT-01” in the “Soil Name” selection.6. <Pier tab> d) Enter values as shown in the “Feature” form for “Footing”. c) Choose “SUPT-01” in the “Soil Name” selection. b) Click “Feature Data/Dimension” button. e) Click “Save” button. . 6. a) Select “G2” from the “Group” selection in top menu.2 Edit footing size of group “G2”. <Footing tab> <Pier tab> . 6. a) Select “G3” from the “Group” selection in top menu.d) Enter values as shown in the “Feature” form for “Footing” and “Pier”. <Footing tab> . c) Choose “SUPT-02” in the “Soil Name” selection.3 Edit footing size of group “G3”. e) Click “Save” button. b) Click “Feature Data/Dimension” button. <Pier tab> d) Enter values as shown in the “Feature” form for “Footing” and “Pier”. 6. c) Choose “SUPT-02” in the “Soil Name” selection. .4 Edit footing size of group “G4”. b) Click “Feature Data/Dimension” button. a) Select “G4” from the “Group” selection in top menu. e) Click “Save” button. <Footing tab> <Pier tab> . d) Click “Save” button.c) Enter values as shown in the “Feature” form for “Footing” and “Pier”. . Below are our based from our company standards.10": 8 . Minimum Pier Reinforcement Octagons 4'. Reinforcement bar sizes depend on the design code designated in the Setting of Constant command. Set of bar array options are available in the Footing option.#4 vertical with #4 ties at 15 inches maximum. The arrangement of footing bars are parallel to the X and Y axis except for Tank1 and Tank2 Ring type modules which are in radial and longitudinal directions. Octagons larger than 12.0" to 5'. Octagons 9'. Pedestals larger than 8'. Octagons 6'.0" to 12'. Pier and Footing Reinforcement The Reinforcement Data command is used to assign bar sizes and spacing for piers and footings. click the “Reinforcement data” shown in below figure.0" to 8'.0": 32 .7. The requirement for additional vertical reinforcing for anchor bolt development will be checked in accordance with Company Structural Engineering Guide.#5 vertical with #5 ties at 15 inches maximum. Reinforcement data form will appear as .#5 vertical with #5 ties at 15 inches maximum.0" in diameter will have a mat of reinforcing steel at the top.1 Block Foundation button. 7.0": 24 . From the main tool bar.10": 16 .#4 vertical with #4 ties at 15 inches maximum. b) Set “Footing” reinforcement arrangement. Different forms for single and double layer arrangement are presented. . c) Select “Save” then “Close” button.a) Set Array Type Select from the array types of footing reinforcement layout. 2 Octagonal Foundation a) Set Array Type Select from the array types of footing reinforcement layout. Different forms for single and double layer arrangement are presented.7. . b) Set “Footing” reinforcement arrangement. c) Select ‘Pier’ or footing tab. . Enter the values of footing re-bar as shown. Fore further discussions. refer to Help documents.d) Select “Save” then “Close” button. . Define pile features first before proceeding to this function in the Setting of Constant command. h) Click “Regenerate” button. d) Select “Origin Point”. (PCD)”. f) Set “Circular” option. i) Click “OK” button.” and “Pile Circle Dia. 8. The Pile Data command is used to layout and assign piles in the foundation. in the Assign Foundation Grouping command. Repeat above steps in creating new circular pile array arrangement then click “Add Draw” to include to defined pile arrangement. e) Select “PHC-12” from the “Pile Name” selection. Regular pile arrangements are available for circular or rectangular arrays. c) Select “Array Wizard” tab. (Circular Array) a) Select “G3” from the “Group” selection and “3(F5)” from the “Pier” in top menu.8.1 Set Pile Arrangement for foundation group “G3 – F5”. g) Enter “Star Angle”. This function is activated only when the selected type is Pile fdn. b) Click “Pile Data” command. . Set Pile Layout for Pile Foundations. “No. (Rectangular by Coordinates) a) Select “G3 from the “Group” selection and “4(F6)” from the “Pier” in top menu. f) Click “OK” button.2 Set Pile Arrangement for foundation group “G3-F6”. c) Select “PHC-12” from the “Pile Name” selection. e) Enter coordinate values from the corresponding text boxes as shown.8. d) Click “Add” button 18 times to define 18 piles. . b) Click “Pile Data” command. c) Select “Coordinates”. d) Select “Origin Point”. These are also based from our actual projects. fireproofing.Erection or Empty Load . and pile capacity check for a pile supported foundation.Wind Load Y Direction . Operating Weight: Empty weight plus weight of operating liquid or catalyst. Empty Weight: Fabricated weight of vessel plus weight of internals. add. and taking different factors for various cases. one way shear check.Earthquake Load Empty Y Direction .Earthquake Load Operation X Direction . Combinations by Allowable Strength Design are normally applied with 1. platforms. plus internals. pier design.Earthquake Load Empty X Direction . Assigned load cases can be combined with factors in accordance with a few design methods and specifications.Test Load . insulation.0 factored value. sliding. generally taken from vessel drawing. Import Load Combination for various foundation groups.9. generally taken from vessel drawing. Below are load cases and load combinations usually used for vertical vessel footing based from ACI code. DESIGN LOAD CASE A vertical vessel or tower is subjected to the loading conditions mentioned under general loads. and platforms. Combinations referring to Ultimate Strength Design are used for footing reinforcement. generally taken from vessel . and piping that are actually erected with the vessel. manways.Earthquake Load Operation Y Direction Vertical Loads Erection Weight: Fabricated weight of vessel. The default load cases for a vertical vessel foundation that AFES generates are as follows: . piping. uplift check.Operating Load . The Load Case/Combination command is used to define. edit or delete load cases and combinations. overturning. The purpose of the combinations is to take into account soil bearing capacity.Wind Load X Direction . Mainly applied load combinations are Allowable Strength Load Combination and Ultimate Load Combination. Load cases definitions are also discussed for further information. Wind loads are normally calculated by the Mechanical group. however. the differences shall be jointly discussed and resolved. When calculating or checking wind loads. seismic forces determined in accordance with job specifications. Thermal Loads Thrusts due to thermal expansion of piping will be included in the operating load combinations. DESIGN LOAD COMBINATION The default allowable or unfactored load combinations for a vertical vessel foundation generated by AFES depend on the concrete design code selected. It is generally desirable to design for test weight since unforeseen circumstances may occur. due consideration should be given to factors which may significantly affect total wind loads such as the application of dynamic gust factors or the presence of spoilers on the vessel. Wind loads calculated by hand should be compared to the computer printout. usually conforming with the UBC (Uniform Building Code). It should be determined whether a hydrostatic test will actually be done in the field. Seismic Loads In earthquake zones. Wind Loads Wind loads should be calculated in accordance with the job specifications and Company Structural Engineering Guidel: Wind Load Calculation. Consult with the Pipe Stress Engineer for any thermal loads that are to be considered. the combinations are as follows: . for seismic design considerations and procedures. If the results do not compare favorably. Refer to Structural Company Engineering Guide: Earthquake Engineering. Test Weight: Empty weight plus weight of water required for hydrostatic test. Seismic loads calculated by the Mechanical group shall be independently verified as appropriate by the Structural group. generally taken from vessel drawing.Self Weight + Oper + Wind X Direction . Dead load factors will be applied to the resultants of piping thermal loadings. The above loads should be considered as dead loads when applying load factors used in ultimate strength design. when deemed advisable. will replace wind forces when greater. verification by the Structural group may be required. If the two results compare favorably. the mechanical results should be used for foundation design.drawing.Self Weight + Oper . For eg if ACI code is selected. 9Self Weight + 0.05Self Weight + 1.Self Weight + Oper + EQ X Direction .3Wind Y Direction .4025 EQ Y Direction .0.2Wind X Direction .Self Weight + Erec or Empty .9Self Weight + 0.05 Erec + 1.2Oper + 1.4Self Weight + 1.4025 EQ X Direction .6Oper .05Self Weight + 1.6Self Weight + 1..1.Self Weight + Erec + Wind X Direction .05Self Weight + 1.2Self Weight + 1.1.1.9Oper + 1.4025EQ Y Direction .1.Self Weight + Erec + Wind Y Direction .4025EQ X Direction .05Self Weight + 1.05Oper + 1.2Self Weight + 1.0.05Self Weight + 1.9Self Weight + 0.4Erec or 1.9 Erec + 1.0.42Wind Y Direction For eg if BS81100 code is selected.43EQ Y Direction .1.05 Erec + 1.05Test + 0.3 Wind Y Direction .Self Weight + Oper + Wind Y Direction .33Wind X Direction .9Oper + 1.Self Weight + Erec + EQ Y Direction .9Self Weight + 0.4Empty + 1.9 Erec + 1.1.2Wind Y Direction .9 Erec + 1.4Empty .1.9Self Weight + 0.05Self Weight + 1.1.05 Erec + 1. the combinations are as follows .9Self Weight + 0.2Oper + 1.05Self Weight + 1.0.275 Wind X Direction .3Wind X Direction .0.9Self Weight + 0.05Test + 0.0.1.Self Weight + Oper + EQ Y Direction .1.1.05Oper + 1.05Oper + 1.9Oper + 1.4Self Weight + 1.0.1.9Self Weight + 0.1.275 Wind Y Direction .43 EQ X Direction .1.Self Weight + Erec + EQ X Direction .4Empty + 1.43EQ Y Direction .4Oper .1.4Self Weight + 1.05Self Weight + 1.05Self Weight + 1.4Self Weight + 1.Self Weight + Test + 0.05 Erec + 1.9Oper + 1.2Wind Y Direction .1.05Oper + 1.275 Wind Y Direction .Self Weight + Test + 0.43EQ X Direction .275Wind X Direction .9 Erec + 1.2Wind X Direction .33Wind Y Direction .42Wind X Direction .1.0.05Self Weight + 1.3Wind X Direction . 5Platform .2Self Weight + 1.9Self Weight + 0.1.5Platform You can actually create new load combinations through the Load Combination button but in this example.1.0 EQ Y Direction + 0.1. b) Click “Import” button.2Self Weight + 1.6Wind X Direction .6Self Weight + 1.4Test + 0.9Empty + 1. a) Click Load Combination button.6Wind Y Direction .0.2Wind X Direction .2 Oper + 1.0.9Self Weight + 0.2Wind Y Direction . c) Access the load combination file then click “Open” button. The Load Combination form will display as shown..0 EQ X Direction + 0. we will use Import command.4Test + 0.6Self Weight + 1.2 Oper + 1.9Empty + 1. . A warning message will appear as shown.1. e) Click “Save” button.d) Select appropriate button as explained in the warning message form. . Repeat same procedure for the other foundation groups. 10. Strength. Performing Design and Analysis functions.2 Select “Foundation Design New Version”.1 Click on the “Foundation Analysis/Design” button to be able to start analysis and design.10. 02. BS 8110. Detail Report Option and Contents. 10.4 Using “Conventional Rigid Method”. you may refer to help menu. stability and sectional design of components of footing. AFES executes Foundation Analysis and Design according to design standards widely accepted. 10. It is assumed that all external forces are loaded at the center of the piers and the connection between the pier and the footing is considered to be rigid enough to carry those forces. pier. Tank Design. AIJ-WSD99. a) Select “Rigid Method Foundation Design” option. corbels and tie girders are properly examined. Temperature and Shrinkage/Stability. Korean.3 Click “OK” button. The design codes of AFES support ACI318-99. CP-65 and IS456(2000). For through discussion on setting other functions such as General. 10. . b) Click “Analysis” button. c) Click “Report” button. . The calculation report will display as shown below. . protection materials. Options for BOM take off for active structure and all structures in a project is supported.1 For Active Foundation structure. grout. c) Click “OK” button. 11. a) From “Design” menu. concrete. anchor bolts and steel reinforcements. backfill.11. Quantity BOM(=Bill of Materials) function BOM functions are used for estimate of earthworks including other related items such as excavation. lean concrete. select “Quantity (BOM) then “Take off BOM 3D”. b) Set parameters from the “Afes – Bill of Material” form. crushed stone. . formworks. disposal. 11.2 For All Foundation structures. a) From “Design” menu.The “Bill of Material” form will display as shown below. . select “Quantity (BOM) then “Take off BOM 3D (All Structure)”. e) Click “OK” button. c) Click “OK” button.b) Set parameters from the “Afes – Bill of Material” form. . d) Check structures to include BOM Take off calculation from the form below. The “Bill of Material” form will display as shown below. . 12. . The Export DXF File command is used to export the drawing files made from AFES to other programs such as AutoCAD and MicroStation. You can set from this command the drawing preferences to be utilized before exporting to AutoCAD. a) Click “Export DXF File” button. A form will display as shown below. Layout and Drawing detail including plan and sections of foundation with reinforcement schedules. The program will create the DWG or DXF file format and display a construction drawing through a viewer. AFES interfaces with AutoCAD and MicroStation to create a construction drawing with bar-schedule. c) Click “OK” button. Standard drawings are already set up for various design codes. Construction Drawing AFES is a completely integrated software package for automatically producing drawings of reinforcing details for foundations that have been analyzed and designed using AFES. b) Set options from this form. The drawing report consists of the Standards. Drawing details will display as below. . . 13. A 3D foundation model of the objects designed by various design parts effectively communicates the geometric design data. PDS Frame Work Plus) Today. Export 3D Modeling Data (PDMS. A dialogue form will display as shown. For further discussions. . With our design to modeling interface from AFES to Frameworks Plus. 13. modeling objects from each part allows other parts to assess those object on their work process helping streamlining the work process through project completion. Therefore automating the work process from design to 3D modeling forms an integral component of reducing overall project cost. A dialogue form will display as shown. c) Check “Send Model Data to PDS” option then click “OK” button. you may refer to Help PDF manuals. you will experience significant productivity.1 Export to PDS a) Click “Export PDS Data” button.13. b) Set Output unit and coordinate mapping options.2 Export to PDMS a) Click “Export PDMS Data” button. b) Set various parameters accordingly and click “OK” button. plant design works involve many design parts.