Unit 11. WHAT’S BEEN HAPPENING?1a What kind of general information do you discuss when handing over the watch? Circle the categories you talk about. Add some more categories to the list. maintenance and repairs supplies technical information weather conditions messages the log book traffic in the vicinity 1b Listen to the cassette. The Chief Officer is handing over the navigational watch to the 3 rd Officer. Which of the topics in Exercise 1a are mentioned in the dialogue? 1c Listen to the dialogue again. Decide if the statements are true or false. 1. The 3rd Officer has never sailed this route before. 2. The weather is expected to improve when they reach Port Elisabeth. 3. Some detached buoys can be seen from the bridge. 4. There is only a container ship and a warship in the vicinity. 5. The Chief Officer expects to rest well. T/F T/F T/F T/F T/F 1d Here are some sentences from the dialogue. We’ve been going through (1) some nasty weather. Since I started the watch she’s been rolling (2) so violently that the waves have been breaking (3) over the deck railings. I’ve been looking out for (4) them, but so far I’ve seen (5) nothing. Have you filled in (6) the log book? I’ve recorded (7) details of our exact position. My eyes have got used to (8) the darkness now. 1.Which of the examples describe ongoing activities and emphasise the length of time of the activities? What tense is used in these examples? 2.Which of the examples report or check information? What tense is used in these examples? 2a. Present Perfect continuous The Present Perfect Continuous is used to talk about unfinished or recently finished actions. This tense emphasises how long the action has been happening. e.g. He has been reading the manuals all morning.(We don’t know if he has finished reading or not, but he was occupied all morning.) They have been trying to contact the Coastguard. (They have probably not been able to contact the Coastguard yet, but they have spent some time trying.) The Present Perfect Continuous is often used to comment on, or sometimes complain about, the duration of an activity. e.g. He’s been learning to drive for two years but he hasn’t passed his test yet. I’ve been waiting for twenty minutes but my train still hasn’t arrived. The Present Perfect Continuous can also be used to comment on an action that has been in progress for a long time. e.g. They’ve been studying English for two years. They’re fluent now. The form of the Present Perfect continuous is; Subject+have/has+(not)+been+ing He has been working here for two weeks. They have (not) been watching the video. Present Perfect Continuous and Present Perfect Simple The Present Perfect Simple is often used to talk about how much has been done. e.g. He has read two manuals this morning. (He has finished reading two manuals.) Remember that some verbs are not used in the continuous form (verbs that describe states not actions) e.g. I’ve always liked him. He has belonged to that club for many years However, verbs that describe states can be used in the continuous form when talking about physical illness. e.g. I’ve been having a lot of headaches recently. She’s gone home. She’s been feeling ill all day. Complete the sentences using the Present Perfect Simple or Present Perfect Continuous. 1.’Is Henri still working?’ ‘No, he…………(finish/already).’ 2.’How long…..(you/know) him?’ ‘Oh, for about ten years.’ 3.’I’m sorry I’m late……….(you/wait) long?’ 4.’How many times…….(you/be) to the Far East?’ ‘Several times.’ 5.’What…………(you/do) this morning?’ ‘I………………(paint) the bulkheads. I’ll be finished this afternoon.’ 6.’Why are you sweating so much?’ ‘Oh, I………………(work out) in the gym for the past two hours.’ 7.’…………(you/phone) the office yet?’ ‘I…….(try) for an hour but I can’t get through.’ 8.’Come quickly! There…………(be) an accident. Peter……..(break) his leg.’ 9.’There you are! I……….(look) for you for ages!’ 10. ‘I wonder what they are discussing at the meeting. They…………(talk) for hours.’ ) . the start of my watch. e. ……………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………… FOR:……………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………… The continuous form The continuous form is used to describe actions in progress at different points in time.. (The action is still happening or has recently finished. I’ve been working here SINCE:……………………………………………………………. June 21st. Be quiet. 12 o’clock. Friday. last month. a couple of hours. (The action is happening now) I was watching a training video at 1400 yesterday.g. SINCE is used with points in time and FOR is used with periods of time.’ Do these time markers relate to a point in time or a period of time? Write each one n the correct section. a few minutes. ‘How long have you been working with that company?’ ‘For about 3 years. (The action was happening at a specific time n the past) I’m tired because I have been watching this training video for 3 hours. Christmas. e. Notice the difference between the Present Continuous. six weeks.’ ‘How long has it been raining?’ ‘Since 3 o’clock.2b Since and for Remember that SINCE and FOR are used with expressions of time to say how long something has been happening. many years.g. two days. the Past Continuous and the Present Perfect Continuous. I’m watching a training video. Conditions should improve considerably when we GET TO Port Elizabeth. 3rd Officer: What about the harnesses and head straps? 2nd Officer: Yes. Visibility’s BEEN GETTING steadily WORSE.. there’s one problem. Notice the different uses of GET. Maybe you can check it over…. 3rd Officer: How much have you done/have you been doing so far? 2nd Officer: Well. Emilio. They all seem to be fine.Read the dialogue. I have already tested/I have been testing the warning whistle and checked/checking the rubber and the sealing in all the facemasks. I am doing/I have been doing the monthly check on the Breathing Apparatus Sets but I haven’t finished yet. 2nd Officer: Morning. For the past hour I am checking/I have been checking the cylinder pressures and topping up the pressure where necessary. Choose the correct form of the verb to complete the dialogue. Match each expression in capitals with its meaning from the list below. He couldn’t get a job with that company. I have already checked/ I have been checking the harnesses and made/making sure that all the headstraps are fully extended. At 1930 hours we GOT a message from a container ship just north of our current position. 3. . 2. here’s the maintenance record. I have to go and show an inspector around the ship. 4. I must get some sleep. 3rd Officer: No problem I’ll sort it out. He’s been getting good results at college this year. My eyes HAVE GOT USED TO the darkness now. I’ll let you GET SOME REST Each of the expressions using GET can be replaced with another word or phrase. The 2nd Officer is handing over the watch to the 3 rd Officer. It’s late. however. I’m glad you’re here for your watch. This set here appears to have a leak. Each set is ready for use. Why don’t you get the bus? It’s cheaper and quicker than the train. I’d like you to take over from me now. Here are some of the more common meanings and uses of GET. I am looking/I have been looking for it but I can’t find it. ‘GET’ + noun often means ‘obtain’. 3a Read these examples from the dialogue in Exercise 1b. Oh. GET is quite informal and can often be replaced with a more formal word. 1. 5. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) reach have become accustomed to have some sleep received has become worse 3b GET GET is a very common English word which has various meanings depending on the words that follow it.g. AS you can see. I got a letter from my brother yesterday. I have doe/I have been doing those three sets over there already so you can start on the sets in this locker. ‘receive’ or ‘take’ e. 5. I am often sea-sick during heavy seas.’ After getting washed and dressed. (=rise) I get on well with my cabin mate. …. The seaman got reprimanded after he was found asleep. arrived in) The computer crashed but we got around the problem by using the old (=overcame) typewriter. I’m looking forward to the wedding. …. He met Anna at Christmas. I have more time to study and I practise speaking with my colleagues. 9. 10. 1. (=become disoriented) I can’t get used to working at night.Rotterdam. GET I multi-word verbs e.. 8. They always get up very early.very stormy conditions.. Everyone got ready for the drill. I kept…. 2.. ‘Have you heard/ Tom and Maria have just got engaged. I’ve mainly been working on gas carriers since then. I’ll call you when we….g. Some of the workers could not agree to their new working conditions but I refused to…. …. I hope the weather will get better soon.g. (=become involved in) I always get lost in a new city.the argument... When I moved to Bangkok. There were a few problems but after much discussion we managed to…. Choose from the phrases in the box I Exercise 3b. Let’s try this café here. and is used to describe things that happen out of our control. If you want to…. The rating…. … ….g. ……because I couldn’t understand the street signs.g. I went downstairs to breakfast. … these days..in the New Year and they are planning to…. 3. ……. My cough has been getting worse recently... (=reached. My English…. I’m getting hungry..GET + adjective often means ‘become’ e. ……this summer. ……was six months ago. (=have a good relationship) We got to Rio de Janeiro just in time for Mardi Gras. I……. He got married last month. Hardly anyone writes to me! The last time I…. ….them. 11. 4.. .(=prepared) GET + past participle is like the passive ‘be’+ past participle. Complete these sentences using an appropriate phrase with GET in the correct tense. 7. e.good….. (=become accustomed to) GET + past participle is also used to describe things that we do to ourselves. you’ll have to study hard. ……with this company in 1995. …. ……for wearing the wrong type of shoes on deck. they…. (=was told off) I try not to get drawn into their arguments. I have been at sea for many years but it is still difficult to… ….. …. e. 6. “Although it is heartening to see so many people offering to assist the rescue effort. You are going to read a news article. “Attempts by local fishermen to try to lead the whales along the shore and out of the inlet will probably not work” commented one environmentalist. the rescue effort tragic results What do you think the problem is? What do you think the outcome is? Why do you think the incident occurred? Compare your answers with a study partner. Rescue workers are trying to keep the other whales from following the first two to the shore.the…. Fishermen say it s likely that the whales followed a trawler into the shallow North Sea inlet yesterday afternoon. They hope that. particularly younger ones which appear to swim down the east coast of Scotland instead of the west on their way from the Arctic. volunteers and vets have been working round the clock in an attempt to lead six sperm whales back to deeper waters. 3. “We are appealing for people to stay away from the beach” said Jean Carey. ‘What are your travel plans?’ ‘I… …. The reason why whales become stranded in shallow waters or beach themselves is not known although it could be that their sonar system does not detect gradual changes in depth. . they may be able to find their way back into the North sea when the tide comes in. local environmentalists a North Sea inlet beached whales 1. There are fears that the two stranded whales might not survive. a local marine biologist. Read the news article and check your predictions. according to environmentalists involved in the rescue operation. “We are appealing for people to stay away from the beach. 2. Environmentalists. Once a few whales beach themselves. 4b.at 1015 from Central Station so I should be in London by mid-afternoon.12. resulting in some whales becoming trapped in shallow water or on beaches.” Many whales die along the North Sea coast. in the hope that others will follow. the rest of the pod may follow.” Two sperm whales have recently beached themselves on a shallow sand bank near the harbour and four others are in danger of following them.’ 4a. if they can keep them in the tideway. look at some key words from the text and answer the questions. Arrangements have now been made for a barge come and tow some of the whales back to deeper waters. we already have enough volunteers to help us keep the two beached whales wet and cool. Before you read it. There is little difference in meaning e. 5b Expressing certainty and uncertainty I May. Then read the article again and correct the statements. 5. It’s definitely going to rain. 3. 2. the four whales in the tideway will swim back into the North Sea. . -Attempts to save the whales will probably not work/probably won’t work. -It is likely that the whales followed a fishing trawler. It is 100% certain that this will happen -Look at those clouds.) In the negative we use may not or might not (*could not is not used) Expressing certainty II We can express certainty and uncertainty in other ways. The whales followed a trawler into the inlet. Look at these examples.(It is possible but not certain that they will find their way back) Towing them back to deeper waters may not work. The two beached whales might not survive. might and could are used to say you are uncertain about something. Volunteers are not needed in the rescue effort. 1. It is 100% certain that this will not happen -It is unlikely that the whales on the beach will survive. which is the best title for the article in Exercise 4b? Why? Can you think of an alternative title? SOS (SAVE OUR WHALES) Whales in Danger Fishermen at Fault Locals lead whales to safety 5a Read these sentences from the article. They may be able to find their way back into the North Sea. (It is possible that their sonar system does not detect gradual changes in depth.g. It is 80 to 50% that this will happen -The other whales will probably follow. The two beached whales are going to die.4c Read these titles. In your opinion. -We definitely do not need more volunteers. -It is possible that the whales in the water will survive. (It is possible that they will not survive) It could be that their sonar system does not detect gradual changes in depth. There is a mistake in each statement. When the tide comes in. (it is possible that this strategy will not work) The four whales in the water might survive. Rescue attempts are not working. 4. (It is possible that they will survive. He promised to come to the meeting. It is unlikely/It is possible that the weather will improve. 2. 7. Maritime Focus 6a. He’ll definitely/It’s likely that he’ll be here. masts. state which) and distance to a well-known landmark such as a navigational aid or small island. He might/will definitely get promotion if he proves his leadership qualities but it hasn’t been decided yet. 4. 6.The match could/will probably be called off: there’s a 50% chance of snow later.Choose the correct item to complete these sentences. speed. and destination.) (8)Kind of assistance required (9)Any other information which might facilitate rescue. decks. but I’ll try it anyway. Include any information on vessel movement such as course. number of persons on board. 5. I’m going to a meeting during my lunch break. such as: length or tonnage of vessel. etc. What kind of messages are they and what are the circumstances that require such message types? 6b Read the following situations and then write out an appropriate message for each circumstance. 3. Listen to the three VHF transmissions. etc. If available. The forecast is terrible. and number needing medical attention. 1. (10)‘Over” EXAMPLE: distress Call and Message (send Radiotelephone Alarm Signal. 8. fire. colour of hull. NOTE! Distress Signal/Call MAYDAY is used to indicate that a mobile station is threatened by grave and immediate danger and requests immediate assistance. This couldn’t/might not be the correct phone number. for at least 30 seconds but not more than one minute) “MAYDAY MAYDAY MAYDAY THIS IS BLUE DUCK BLUEDUCK BLUE DUCK WA 1234 . I probably won’t/definitely won’t be at lunch today. (7)Nature of distress (sinking. We don’t know for sure yet but the whales may not/will definitely not find their way back to deeper waters. cabin. I may not/could not finish the varnishing until tomorrow. If I run out of time. or in any terms which will assist a responding station in locating the vessel in distress. MAYDAY has priority over all other communications (1)Distress Signal/Call – Mayday (three times) (2)‘This is…’(once) (3)Name of vessel in distress (spoken 3 times) and call sign (spoken once) (4)Distress call ( spoken once) (5)Name of vessel (spoken once) (6)Position of vessel in distress by latitude and longitude or bearing (true or magnetic. Include description of your vessel.’ (4) Name of calling vessel ( spoken 3 times) and call sign (spoken once) (5) The Urgency Message(i.e.MAYDAY BLUEDUCK DUNGENESS LIGHT BEARS 185 DEGREES MAGNETIC-DISTANCE 2 MILES STRUCK SUBMERGED OBJECT NEED PUMPS-MEDICAL ASSISTANCE AND TOW THREE ADULTS-TWO CHILDREN ABOARD ON COMPOUND FRACTURE OF ARM ESTIMATE CAN REMAIN AFLOAT TWO HOURS BLUE DUCK IS THIRTY-TWO FOOT CABIN CRUISER BLUE HULL DECK HOUSE OVER” The Offer-of-Assistance Message usually includes the following: (1) Name of the distressed vessel (spoken once) (2) The words THIS IS (spoken once) (3) The name of the calling vessel (spoken once) (4) The word OVER (spoken once) (5) (On hearing an acknowledgment. ending with the word OVER from the distressed vessel.an urgent storm warning.”Man overboard” messages are sent with the Urgency signal. (1)Urgency call – Pan-Pan (three times) (2)Addressee-ALL STATIONS (or a particular station) (3)‘This is…. loss of person overboard but only when the assistance of other vessels is required. etc (7) The words THIS IS (spoken once) (8) name of calling vessel and radio call sign (spoken once) (9) the word OVER . PAN-PAN has priority over all other communications with the exception of distress traffic. but long enough to be sure that further transmissions will not cause harmful interference and long enough to work out relative position and time to reach the distressed vessel: “BLUE DUCK-THIS IS-WHITE WHALE-OVER (on hearing the word OVER from BLUE DUCK. no steering or power in shipping lane) (6) Position of vessel and any other information that will assist responding vessels.) (6) Name of caling vessel and radio call sign (spoken once) (7) The word OVER (spoken once) EXAMPLE: Offer-of-Assistance To be sent after a short interval of time. continue with your offer of assistance message. continue) I AM PROCEEDING TOWARD YOU FROM TEN MILES WESTWARD EXPECT TO ARRIVE IN ONE HOUR COAST GUARD HAS BEN NOTIFIED INCLUDING YOUR NEED FOR DOCTOR I HAVE ONE INCH PORTABLE PUMP PLEASE ADVISE IF MY ASSISTANCE IS NOT NEEDED WHITE WHALE-WZ4321-OVER Urgency Signal/Call PAN-PAN is used when the safety of the vessel or person is in jeopardy. Safety call – SECURITE/SECURITY (spoken three times) (2) Addressee-ALL STATIONS/SHIPS (or a particular station)(spoken 3 times) (3)The words ‘THIS IS’….. (4) Name of vessel calling and radio call sign (5) Announcement of the working channel (frequency) where the message will be given (6) Radio Call Sign (7) The word OUT The Safety message usually includes the following:(select working channel (frequency) announced in step 5 above) (1) The Safety call/signal (spoken 3 times) (2) The words ALL STATIONS/SHIPS (spoken 3 times) (3) The words THIS IS (spoken once) (4) Give the Safety Message (5) Repeat the Radio Call Sign (6) The word OUT EXAMPLES: Safety Call and Message (On VHF Channel 16) “ SECURITE-SECURITE-SECURITE ALL SHIPS-ALLSHIPS-ALL SHIPS THIS IS –BLUE DUCK-WA 1234 LISTEN CHANNEL 68 WA 1234-OUT” (On VHF Channel 68) “SECURITE-SECURITE-SECURITE ALL SHIPS-ALL SHIPS-ALL SHIPS THIS IS BLUE DUCK-WA 1234 A LOG APPROXIMATELY TWENTY FEET LONG TWO FEET IN DIAMETER ADRIFT OFF HAINS POINT POTOMAC RIVER WA 1234-OUT” .EXAMPLE: Urgency Call and Message “ PAN-PAN PAN-PAN PAN-PAN-ALL-STATIONS (or a particular station) THIS IS-BLUE DUCK-BLUE DUCK-BLUE DUCK HAVE LOST MY RUDDER AM DRIFTING TOWARD SHORE AND REQUIRE TOW SEVEN PERSONS ON BOARD BLUE DUCK IS THIRTY-TWO FOOT CABIN CRUISER-BLUE HULL WHITE DECK HOUSE THIS IS-BLUE DUCK-WA 1234 OVER” Safety Signal/Call SECURITE/SAFETY is used for messages concerning the safety of navigation or giving important meteorological warnings (1). due to collision with a submerged object. 81º30'W Port repair facilities are required. The time is 01:30 UTC. Request immediate assistance. The ballast line non-return valves have failed. which has punctured the hull in the area of nos. It is three-twenty in the afternoon and Ouessant lighthouse is eight miles bearing one-ninefive from your ship. Gale warning southwest gale force winds imminent in sea areas Dover Thames. urgency or safety procedures should be used: (a) 100 miles southwest of Landsend engine broken down. The shore station transmits the following information after having confirmed the information from the ship: The salvage tug Liberdad de los Pueblos will leave after two hours. Sinking. The ship is directly in the path of a hurricane (code name EDNA). The immediate assistance of a salvage tug is required. probably due to grit in the valve seatings. . Diving operations in progress at Ninian north platform ship movement within a radius of 500 metres prohibited until further notice. Your dead reckoning position is twenty-five degrees and ten minutes south. The hurricane is 500 miles away from the ship on a bearing of 105º. Ships in vicinity please stand by. Just to the north of you. The tug will be at the ship’s position after 6 hours.30 North 16. It is now 15. (i)You are sinking. Ship holed in engine room. is the south East Ridens Light buoy.Look at these messages and decide whether distress. (iii) You have to stop your main engine for a while to replace a cooling water pipe. and you are keeping zone +11. Require tug assistance. There is no doctor or proper medical facility n board.00 ship’s time. (ii)Your chief engineer has fallen down an engine room ladder.20 west fire in number two hold. 52. The information known to the ship is as follows: There is a major engine breakdown. one-hundred-and-sixty and a half degrees west. one mile away.4 and 5 and double bottom tanks. (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) From Harbourmaster Falmouth yacht Belinda overdue on voyage from Cromer to Falmouth left Cromer 10th march report any sightings to Lloyds London. 6c (i)Write out the appropriate messages for the following circumstances: An urgent VHF conversation takes place between a ship (EVERGLADES) and a shore station (CIENFUEGOS) because the ship has suffered a major breakdown and requires immediate assistance. The position of the ship is 21º30'N. He has broken both legs and is bleeding from the mouth. Over. This is Iolande.Over. then informs her about the expected time of arrival in the distress area-19.00 local time. Please take command of search and rescue.signal strength one.Mayday relay.It is not safe to fire a rocket. 6d Fill in “Utopia”’s replies in the following VHF exchange: South Point Radio: Mayday relay. Correction 160º four miles from Barwater Pier. South Point Radio: Attention. (iii)A VHF conversation takes place prior to a berthing operation. two breastrops and two springs. Utopia: (Confirms taking command of search and rescue) Utopia: (addresses Iolande asking whether it is safe to fire a rocket) Iolande: Utopia.6'W. Search and rescue in operation 160º four miles from Barwater Pier.one tug on the starboard quarter The shore station advises the ship to have heavy wires ready for and aft. The coastguard acknowledges the information and asks the ship to confirm the position. The shore station (Goteborg Port Traffic) calls the ship (Silja Queen) on a working channel (VHF channel 12). All vessels are advised to keep clear of sea area Quake Sands. 160º six miles from Barwater Pier. The shore station tells the ship that the berth is called Skeepsbron Number 2 and that the ship will be expected to berth port side alongside. Utopia: (addresses Iolande confirming that she will make a lee for her and will send a boat as well) . The aft lines required are three sternlines. I need help. and the shore station answers that the forward lines required are: three headlines. This is South Point Radio. This is South Point Radio.25'N 07º32. The coastguard also asks the ship to check that the wreck is a catamaran because a trimaran is reported missing. two breastropes and two springs.The shore station suggests the following arrangement of tugs: Take:-one tug on the port bow -one tug on the starboard bow . Utopia: (asks again the position of the vessel) South Point Radio: Utopia. The ship is unable to provide more information but it does repeat that the wreck is probably old because of seaweed on the hull.Attention. of the type known as a catamaran.Following received from yacht Iolande. The shore station also informs the ship that ratguards are required. The ship asks what lines are required.Mayday relay.) South Point Radio: Utopia.Please send a boat. The name is not visible and no survivors are sighted. by the ship. I am sinking. It looks like an old wreck. The ship has observed the wreckage of a yellow and black yacht. and to keep the passenger gangway stowed.Over. This is Iolande. Utopia:(addresses Iolande.) Utopia: (addresses South Point Radio that she has sighted Iolande and that her position is 162º four miles from barwater Pier.The shore station informs the ship that a gangway will be provided by the shore. My position is 160ºfour miles from Barwater Pier. of some wreckage. All vessels.advised working channel 06) Iolande: (Here Iolande speaks a Polynesian language) Utopia: (Asks Iolande to use the SMCP. Utopia: (addresses vessel in distress) Iolande: Utopia.(ii)A VHF conversation takes place between a ship “Atlantic Rover” and a coastguard station Falmouth Coastguard following the discovery. Make a lee for me. Initial contact is made on VHF channel 16 and a suitable working VHF channel is then selected. This is South Point Radio. Its position is 49º20. I’ve recorded details of our position. there’s also a warship due south of our position-you can see it here on the radar-and several small craft. here. in the vicinity. Tense: Present Perfect Simple. Did you sleep well? 3rd Officer: Better than I expected. too. 3rd Officer: Really? No sign of it improving? Chief Officer: Oh yes. Have you filled in the log book? Chief Officer: Yes. As well as the tanker. Chief Officer: In this weather? Not much chance! I’m looking forward to reaching Port Elizabeth and some calmer seas…. (3) and (4) describe actions that may not be finished. 3rd Officer: Ah. I’ll just check the deck log and let you get some rest. though. 1b weather conditions technical information messages the log book 1c 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) True True False False False 1d 1) Examples (1). conditions should improve considerably when we get to Port Elizabeth. at 1930 hours we got a message from a container ship just north of our current position. warning us that some buoys have become detached in the storms.Unit 2 Answer Key 1b-Tapescript Chief Officer: good morning. Everything is in full working order. Look. Visibility’s been getting steadily worse. perhaps fishing vessels. course. speed and the weather conditions. but so far I’ve seen nothing. Since I started the watch. haven’t we? Now I know why the Cape has such a bad reputation! Chief Officer: Oh.. Tense: Present Perfect Continuous. We’ve been going through some nasty weather. We get a bit of shelter and the currents aren’t as unpredictable. 3rd Officer: Well.I also checked the bridge equipment. by the way. There appear to be a lot of small vessels over there near the coast…Well. Apparently. 2a . she’s been rolling so violently that the waves have been breaking over the deck railings. I’ll keep a look out for them. they are adrift n this area. I’ve been looking out for them. Mike. yes…my eyes have got used to the darkness now. (6). 2) Examples (5). The gales are likely t continue for another few hours. (2). (7) and (8) describe finished actions. Oh. as you can see . it’s not always this bad-shame it’s like this for your first time on this route. ’How long have you known him?’ ‘Oh. 2. 12 o’clock.’ 2. the start of my watch. Have you been practising the guitar/playing your guitar? 4. I have already checked the harnesses and made sure that all headstraps are fully extended. As you can see. 6. I have been at sea for many years but it is still difficult to get used to very stormy conditions. a few minutes. for about ten years. they got engaged in the New year and they are planning to get married this summer. 8. 3.’Have you phoned he office yet?’ ‘I’ve been trying for an hour but I can’t get through.’What have you been doing this morning?’ ‘I’ve been painting the bulkheads. I’m glad you’re here for your watch. 4-b. I have been doing the monthly check on the breathing Apparatus Sets. This set appears to have a leak.’Come quickly! There has been an accident. here’s the maintenance record. I have to go and show an inspector around the ship. last month.’ 7. I’m looking forward to the wedding. The rating got reprimanded for wearing the wrong type of shoes on deck. 3rd Officer: How much have you done so far? 2nd Officer: Well.’Why are you sweating so much?’ ‘Oh. Christmas.1. 3.’ 9. He’s been learning Spanish for fifty years/since 1984.’There you are1 I’ve been looking for you for ages!’ 10. there’s one problem. I’ll sort it out 3a 1-c. six weeks. He met Anna at Christmas. Maybe you can check it over… 3rd Officer: No problem.’ 8.’I wonder what they are discussing at the meeting. There were a few problems but after much discussion we managed to get around them. I’ve mainly been working on gas carriers since then. 3b 1.’How many times have you been to the Far East?’ ‘Several times. 2b (possible answers) 2. I am often sea-sick during heavy seas. 4. Oh. 7. . The officer has been updating the chart for an hour and a half/since 0830. When I moved to Bangkok I kept getting lost because I couldn’t understand the street signs. I have been looking for it but I can’t find it. 3-d.’ 3. 2-a. but I haven’t finished yet. 5. Have you been waiting long?’ 4. I’ve been working out in the gym for the past two hours. you’ll have to study hard. Each set is ready for use. I got a job with the company in 1995. 2c I’ve been working here since Friday. I have done those three sets over there already so you can start on the sets in this locker. Emilio. 6.’ 5. The stevedores have been working all morning/since sunrise. If you want to get good results. however. I’ve been working here for two days. The cook has been preparing dinner for an hour/since 1700.’Is Henri still working?’ ‘No. 2d 2nd Officer: Morning. 3rd Officer: What about the harnesses and head straps? 2nd Officer: Yes. Hardly anyone writes to me! The last time I got a letter was six month ago.’I’m sorry I’m late. They’ve been talking for hours. I have already tested the warning whistle and checked the rubber and the sealing in all the facemasks. he has already finished. a couple of hours. 5-c. They all seem to be fine. I’ll be finished this afternoon 6. For the past hour I have been checking the cylinder pressures and topping up the pressure where necessary. many years. Peter has broken his leg. I’d like you to take over from me now. June 21 st. 5. I’ll call you when we get to Rotterdam. 3. Request immediate assistance. 12. 6. He’ll definitely be there. I have more time to study and I practices speaking with my colleagues. 4. Lost propeller. It is likely that the whales followed a trawler into the inlet. 8. 5. I definitely won’t be at lunch today. If I run our of time. My English is getting better these days. Tapescript 2 Pan-Pan Pan-Pan Pan-Pan This is Vega Vega Vega Pan-Pan Vega. The match could be called off: there’s a 50% chance of snow later. I’m going to a meeting during my lunch break. distance.9. 11. There are already enough volunteers involved in the rescue effort. I may not finish the varnishing tomorrow. Over. Golf Xray Xray Xray Position: latitude. 2. The two beached whales might die. 2. 6a Tapescript 1 Mayday Mayday Mayday This is Rattler Rattler rattler Mayday Rattler. Seven Victor Alfa Tango Position: bearing zero-nine-zero degrees true. 7. Collision with iceberg. the four whales in the tideway may be able to swim back into the North sea. 3. He might get promotion if he proves his leadership qualities but it hasn’t been decided yet. longitude: zero-three-nine degrees two-zero minutes West. one-five miles from Ras Sarkan. Some of the workers could not agree to their new working conditions but I refused to get drawn into the argument. Rescue attempts may not be working. 4. 10. This might not be the correct phone number. The forecast is terrible.’ 5a 1. sinking. He promised to come to the meeting. 5b 1. . We don’t know for sure yet but the whales may not find their way back to deeper waters. It is unlikely that the weather will improve. When the tide comes in. ‘What are your travel plans?’ ‘I’m getting the train at 1015 from Central Station so I should be in London by mid-afternoon. 5. but I’ll try it anyway. five-zero degrees three-zero minutes North. Charlie Alpha Alpha Alpha Position. 6b (a) Pan-Pan. (e) Securite. We have a badly injured person. submarines and aircraft taking place in sea area Delta from 0800 hours UTC. Time: zero-two-zero-zero UTC. March 7th.Pan Pan-Pan This is Arcadia Arcadia Arcadia Pan-Pan Arcadia. Request medical assistance. (c) Securite.Time:one-five-two-zero UTC. (ii)Pan-Pan Pan. Latitude two-five degrees one-zero minutes South. March 3rd to 2200 hours UTC. Military exercise involving darkened ships. (f) Pan-Pan (i) Mayday Mayday Mayday This is Arcadia Arcadia Arcadia Mayday Arcadia. March 7th. Tapescript 3 Securite Securite Securite All ships All ships All ships This is Nitonradio Nitonradio Nitonradio Securite Nitonradio Navigational warning: military exercise Involving darkened ships. Over. (b) Pan-Pan. Out. Longitude one-six-zero degrees three-zero minutes West. March 3rd to 2200 hours UTC. Bearing zero-one-five from Ouessant light distance eight miles. (d) Mayday. Charlie Alpha Alpha Alpha Position. Over. submarines and aircraft taking place in sea area Delta from 0800 hours UTC.Require tow. Request immediate assistance. We are sinking. Over . I say again. This is Everglades. This is Everglades.(iii) Securte Securite Securite All ships All ships All Ships This is Arcadia Arcadia Arcadia Securite Arcadia. Salvage tug assistance urgently required. Charlie Alpha Alpha Alpha Navigation Warning time: Zero-one-three-zero UTC. Period: five minutes. This is CIENFUEGOS. Pan-Pan received. Cienfuegos. Reason: engine repairs. Information one: Position: Latitude two-one degrees three-zero minutes North. . Longitude zero-eight-one degrees three-zero minutes West. Engine breakdown. Information two received: Major engine breakdown. Stand by VHF channel one-six. Longitude zero-eight-one degrees three-zero minutes West. Everglades.Request immediate assistance from salvage tug. Kilo Golf Mike Xray Position: Laitude two-one degrees three-zero minutes North. distance one mile. Over Pan-Pan. Pan-Pan. Information three: We are in path of hurricane EDNA. Longitude zero-eight-one degrees three-zero minutes West. Out 6c (i) Pan-Pan Pan-Pan Pan This is EVERGLADES EVERGLADES EVERGLADES Pan-Pan EVERGLADES. This is Cienfuegos. Request all ships keep clear of me. Request received: You require assistance from salvage tug. Over Pan-Pan Cienfuegos. Port repair facilities required. Everglades. Not under command. Over Pan-Pan. Arcadia position: bearing one-eight-zero degrees true from South East Ridens light buoy. Information one received:Your position Latitude two-one degrees three-zero minutes North. Over. Information three received: You are in the path of hurricane EDNA. Port repair facilities required. Information two: Major engine breakdown. Information two: ETA of tug your position period: six hours After departure this port. Stay on. Over. Falmouth Coastguard. This is Atlantic Rover. Atlantic Rover. Over. On VHF channel one-one. Information two received: Wreckage of yacht type:catamaran. Longitude zero-zero-seven degrees three-two decimal six minutes West. Everglades. (ii) Falmouth Coastguard.Everglades. Over.Standing by on VHF channel one-six. Cienfuegos. This is Atlantic Rover. Information one received: Wreckage sighted in position: latitude four-nine degrees two-zero decimal two-five minutes North. This is Falmouth Coastguard. Nothing more.Over.This is Atlantic Rover. Information one: Wreckage sighted in position: latitude fournine degrees two-zero decimal two-five minutes North.This is Falmouth Coastguard. Over. LATER Pan-Pan. Over. Atlantic Rover. Agree VHF channel one-one.Over.Over. Answer: Negative. Nothing more. Atlantic Rover. Information two received: ETA of tug my position period: six hours after departure Cienfuegos. Pan-Pan.Out. Over. This is Falmouth Coastguard. This is Cienfuegos. Information: Yacht type trimaran missing in area. Information two: Wreckage of yacht type:catamaran. This is Everglades. Hull is covered in seeweed. Request: Please confirm position and type of yacht. Atlantic Rover. Pan-Pan. Falmouth Coastguard. Information one received: Tug Liberdad de los Pueblos ETD after period: two hours. Falmouth Coastguard. Colour: black and yellow. Hull covered in seeweed. Atlantic Rover. Final Call. Switch to VHF channel one-one. This is Falmouth Coastguard. Over. Falmouth Coastguard. There are no survivors.Question: Are there any survivors?. Longitude zero-zero-seven degrees three-two decimal six minutes West. This is Cienfuegos. Information three: Wreckage is old. Colour: black and yellow. Standing by on VHF channel one-six. . Information three received: Wreckage is old. Information one: Tug Liberdad de los Pueblos ETD after period: two hours. Stand by on VHF channel one-six. This is Atlantic Rover. two breastropes and two springs. Utopia Captain: Iolande. I expect to reach you at 1900 hours zone time. Information four: Ratguards are required. What is the position of the vessel in distress? Say again. This is Goteborg Port Traffic. Question: What lines are required? Over. Nothing more. quantiy: one for starboard bow.This is Silja Queen.Nothing more. Silja Queen. Goteborg Port Traffic.Over. Over. Advise try channel 6. Please read back. This is Utopia. Information four: Ratguards are required. This is Falmouth Coastguard. Over. Out . Information received. two breastropes and two springs. 6d Utopia Captain : South Point. I read you with signal strength one. Over. Hull covered in seaweed. Advice received: Have heaving wires ready fore and aft. (iii) Silja Queen. Silja Queen. Goteborg Port Traffic. Over.Utopia. Over. Port side alongside. This is Goteborg Port Traffic. Advice: Have heaving wires ready fore and aft. Over.Falmouth Coastguard. Out. two breastropes and two springs. Information three received: Gangway will be provided by shore. Nothing more. Goteborg Port Traffic. This is Silja Queen. Over. This is Silja Queen. This is Silja Queen. Out. two breastropes and two springs Over. Over Utopia Captain: Iolande. Over. Request received: Positive. Goteborg Port Traffic. Silja Queen. quantiy: one for starboard bow. Information: No trimaran sighted. This is Goteborg Port Traffic. Stay on. Keep passenger gangway stowed. I am coming to your assistance. Over. This is Silja Queen. Information one: Your berth Skeepsbron number two. Aft: three sternlines. This is Utopia. Aft: three sternlines. Stay on. Information three: Gangway will be provided by shore. Information two: Tugs provided quantity: one for port bow. On VHF channel one-two. Position and type of yacht. Read back: Forward: three headlines. Goteborg Port Traffic. This is Goteborg Port Traffic. Please use the standard marine communication phrases. This is Goteborg Port Traffic. Port side alongside. This is Atlantic Rover. Correct. Utopia Captain: Iolande I cannot understand your language.This is Atlantic Rover.This is Goteborg Port Traffic. Over. quantity: one for starboard quarter. Silja Queen. Silja Queen.Answer: Forward: three headlines. Information two received: Tugs provided quantity: one for port bow. Wreckage is old. Read back is correct. Over. Goteborg Port Traffic. This is Goteborg Port Traffic. Silja Queen. Silja Queen.Iolande.. Information one received:My berth Skeepsbron number two. Keep passenger gangway stowed. Over. Atlantic Rover. Stay on. Positive. quantity: one for starboard quarter. Utopia: Iolande. . Over.Utopia Captain: South Point. Out. I am in position 162 degrees four miles from Barwater Pier. I will make a lee for you. Utopia Captain: South Point. I am in command of search and rescue. This is Utopia. Is it safe to fire a rocket? Over. Utopia: Iolande. I have sighted Iolande. This is Utopia. I am sending a boat to you.