UN 2002-01 Part 1 E (1997-02)

Continued on pages 2 to 9KRUPP UHDE STANDARD February 1997 Vessels and equipment VESSELS AND EQUIPMENT OF GLASS-FIBRE- REINFORCED PLASTICS (FRP) BASED ON UNSATURATED POLYESTER RESINS Technical delivery conditions UN 2002-01 Part 1 Behälter und Apparate; Behälter und Apparate aus glasfaserverstärkten Kunst- stoffen (GFK) auf Basis von UP-Harzen; Technische Lieferbedingungen Supersedes 91-05 This standard was elaborated by BASF Aktiengesellschaft Bayer AG Chemische Werke Hüls AG Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Th. Goldschmidt AG Uhde GmbH and members of AVK (Arbeitsgemeinschaft Verstärkte Kunststoffe e.V. = Association of reinforced plastics) under the chairmanship of Bayer AG. Other companies are free to adopt the unmodified version of this standard provided that the procedures specified in the supplement to this standard are observed. This supplement, which is distributed on request only, lists all companies who have adopted this standard. Contents 1 Scope............................................................................................................................................................ 2 2 Requirements................................................................................................................................................ 2 2.1 Materials ........................................................................................................................................................ 2 2.1.1 UP resins........................................................................................................................................................ 2 2.1.2 Reinforcing materials ...................................................................................................................................... 2 2.1.3 Fillers ............................................................................................................................................................. 2 2.2 Special requirements ...................................................................................................................................... 2 2.3 Fabrication ..................................................................................................................................................... 2 2.3.1 Laminate structure.......................................................................................................................................... 2 2.3.2 Permanent joints............................................................................................................................................. 3 2.3.3 Disconnectable joints ...................................................................................................................................... 4 2.3.4 Supporting and reinforcing elements................................................................................................................ 4 2.3.5 Internals ......................................................................................................................................................... 4 2.3.6 Aging.............................................................................................................................................................. 4 2.4 Surface finish.................................................................................................................................................. 4 2.5 General tolerances.......................................................................................................................................... 4 2.5.1 Vessel / equipment diameters ......................................................................................................................... 4 2.5.2 Vessel / equipment lengths ............................................................................................................................. 5 2.5.3 Deviation from the straight line (shell line) ........................................................................................................ 5 2.5.4 Nozzles and flanges........................................................................................................................................ 5 2.5.5 Supporting elements ....................................................................................................................................... 5 2.5.6 Wall thicknesses ............................................................................................................................................. 5 2.6 Mechanical strength........................................................................................................................................ 5 3 Shipment....................................................................................................................................................... 6 4 Pre-commissioning tests.............................................................................................................................. 6 4.1 General .......................................................................................................................................................... 6 4.2 Type and scope of tests .................................................................................................................................. 6 4.3 Performance of tests....................................................................................................................................... 7 4.3.1 Preliminary tests ............................................................................................................................................. 7 4.3.2 Constructional checks and fabrication supervision............................................................................................ 7 4.3.3 Pressure or leakage test ................................................................................................................................. 8 4.3.4 Inflammability.................................................................................................................................................. 8 4.4 Records.......................................................................................................................................................... 8 5 Marking......................................................................................................................................................... 8 Dimensions in mm Date Prepared Date Checked Date Approved © 1997 Krupp Uhde GmbH Technical discipline: EN-EP Page 2 UN 2002-01 Part 1 1 Scope This standard applies to vessels and equipment, including their accessories, of glass-fibre-reinforced plastics on the basis of unsaturated polyester resins, hereinafter generally termed UP-GF, with a resin-rich inner coating (chemoresistant coating). In addition to this standard, all applicable regulations and accepted engineering practices shall be observed, particularly the codes and standards listed as well as the processing instructions of the resin manufacturers. If the requirements of this standard are in contradiction with those specified in the purchase order, the latter shall take precedence. If the manufacturer desires or has to deviate from the requirements specified below, e.g. in the case of sandwiching, he shall obtain prior written approval of the orderer. This standard does not absolve the manufacturer from his full responsibility for the design and fabrication of the vessels and equipment. 2 Requirements 2.1 Materials 2.1.1 UP resins Resin with the best possible resistance to the thermal and chemical stress concerned shall be used. The de- sired type of resin is specified in the purchase order and shall be indicated in the workshop drawing. The resin used for the laminate structure shall not be dyed or pigmented. If a pigmented top coat is specified, same shall not be applied until after the vessel has been tested. 2.1.2 Reinforcing materials Hydrolysis-proof C or E-CR glass-fibre non-wovens or synthetic fibre non-wovens as well as textile glass mats, textile glass fabrics and textile glass rovings of types E and E-CR glass, or, in special cases, staple fibre fabrics of C glass shall be used according to the technical delivery specifications outlined in DIN 61853 Part 1, DIN 61854 Part 1 and DIN 61855 Part 1. All reinforcing materials shall have suitable binders and suitable sizes. Polyester powder is a suitable binder whereas PVA is unsuitable. Metacrylsilane constitutes a suitable size. 2.1.3 Fillers The resins used shall not contain any fillers except for those employed for influencing the viscosity (max. 5% by mass according to the recommendations of the resin manufacturers), provided the chemical resistance is not adversely affected thereby. 2.2 Special requirements If necessary, special requirements, e.g. regarding translucency, non-inflammability and electrical conductivity, shall be agreed upon. When using standard resins, the material as per DIN 4102 Part 1 shall be regarded as normally inflammable, equivalent to construction material class B2. 2.3 Fabrication The processing instructions of the resin manufacturers shall be observed. The entire laminate structure should be built up by the wet-in-wet method. If this is not possible, prolonged interruptions of the lamination work will involve a risk that proper bonding cannot be achieved owing to hardening of the surface. If necessary, the surface must be roughened prior to continuing the lamination work. 2.3.1 Laminate structure The laminate structure is subdivided into an inner coating, a carrying body and a surface covering. The application of the chopped fibre/polymer spray-up method and the use of moulded covers and heads are only permitted if approved by the orderer. 2.3.1.1 Inner coating Normally, the thickness of the inner coating (chemoresistant coating) shall be ≥ 2.5 mm. Other thicknesses shall be agreed upon. The inner coating shall comprise a resin layer of approx. 0.4 mm thickness, reinforced by non-wovens. Its further build-up shall comprise textile glass mats. In special cases, synthetic fibre non- wovens or C glass staple fibre fabrics may be used if agreed upon with the orderer. The glass mass of the inner coating shall be between 25% and 35% and be distributed uniformly over the entire thickness and circumference. Complete adhesion over the entire surface area shall be ensured between inner coating and carrying body. UN 2002-01 Part 1 Page 3 In justified cases, other thicknesses may be agreed upon for the inner coating of resin reinforced with non- wovens. Measures shall be taken to prevent the curing of the inner coating from being affected by air on the side in contact with the process fluid. 2.3.1.2 Carrying body The carrying body shall be fabricated to meet the mechanical strength requirements (see 2.6 Mechanical strength). The glass mass shall be 30% (min.) to 60% (max.). A structure of pure rovings (wound rovings and roving fabrics) is not permitted. When applying the carrying body to the inner coating, it must be ensured that the latter is not compacted to an extent that the glass mass increases or shifted (this particularly applies to to the further application of layers in the multi-layer process). Unevenness, e.g. resin concentrations, cracks, pores, wetting faults, etc., which might adversely affect the mechanical strength shall be avoided. 2.3.1.3 Surface covering The surface covering shall comprise at least one textile glass mat, a layer of non-wovens and a weather-proof resin layer of max. 0.2 mm thickness which is also resistant to the particular atmosphere. Measures shall be taken to prevent the curing of the surface covering from being affected by air. 2.3.2 Permanent joints A distinction is made between the various joints, i.e. butt joints, lap joints, and parts, such as nozzles, fins, brackets, etc., which have to be attached inside and outside by lamination. The structure of all the joints is subdivided into a carrying, an inner and a surface laminate. 2.3.2.1 Butt joints The misalignment of the edges may be 50% of the wall thickness (max. 5 mm) if an inner overlaminate is possible, and max. 2 mm if this is not possible. The max. gap width may be 0.5% of the diameter (max. 5 mm). The annular gap shall be filled with a glass-fibre-reinforced resin filler of equivalent type. All butt joints shall be fabricated by means of a laminate according to 2.3.2.6 (Carrying laminate), 2.3.2.7 (Surface overlaminate) and 2.3.2.8 (Inner overlaminate). 2.3.2.2 Lap joints A lap joint can either be made rectangularly or jointed. The gap to be filled shall be kept as small as possible. Adhesion over the entire surface area must be ensured. The transitions of the lap shall be primed. All lap joints shall be fabricated by means of a laminate according to 2.3.2.6 (Carrying laminate), 2.3.2.7 (Surface overlaminate) and 2.3.2.8 (Inner overlaminate). 2.3.2.3 Parts to be attached by lamination When attaching parts to the inside or outside of vessels by lamination, complete adhesion over the entire surface area shall be achieved. The gaps shall be filled with a resin filler of equivalent type. Fillets shall be formed at the transitions (see examples for the design according to Krupp Uhde standard UN 2002-03). If nozzles are reinforced by fins, chapter 2.3.4 (Supporting and reinforcing elements) shall additionally be observed. The necessary overlaminate shall start with at least one textile glass mat. Its further build-up shall consist of a laminate according to 2.3.2.6 (Carrying laminate). For laminated joints inside the vessel, the carrying laminate shall be followed by a surface layer according to 2.3.2.8 (Inner overlaminate). For laminated joints on the outside of the vessel, the carrying laminate shall be followed by a surface layer according to 2.3.2.7 (Surface overlaminate). Nozzles shall be attached to the vessel wall as shown by the examples for the design according to Krupp Uhde standard UN 2002-03, Serial No. C 3.2. Thebuild-up of the outer laminate shall be performed according to 2.3.2.6 (Carrying laminate) and 2.3.2.7 (Surface overlaminate). For nozzle sizes ≥ DN 50 and vessel diameters of ≥ 600 mm, an overlaminate according to 2.3.2.8 (Inner overlaminate) shall be applied inside the vessel. Collars and fixed flanges shall be attached by wet moulding. 2.3.2.4 Pre-treatment All surfaces of joints shall be ground to the first layer of glass and freed thoroughly from dust. Impurities shall be removed by grinding immediately prior to laminating. 2.3.2.5 Sealing Cutting edges which cannot be overlaminated shall be sealed with a resin of equivalent type. Measures shall be taken to prevent the curing process from being affected by air. Page 4 UN 2002-01 Part 1 2.3.2.6 Carrying laminate After the priming or bond has sufficiently set, a resin coating shall be applied to the surfaces to be laminated. The laminate structure shall be formed further by placing at least one textile glass mat on top of the resin coating. This shall be followed by the carrying laminate comprising further textile glass mats and fabrics until the thickness required according to 2.6 (Mechanical strength) has been obtained. The min. glass mass shall be 30%. 2.3.2.7 Surface overlaminate The thickness and design of the surface overlaminate of parts attached to the outside of vessels by lamination correspond to 2.3.1.3 (Surface covering). 2.3.2.8 Inner overlaminate The thickness and design of the inner overlaminate of laminated joints and nozzles installed inside the vessels correspond to 2.3.1.1 (Inner coating). 2.3.3 Disconnectable joints Vessel flanges and collars shall be designed according to Krupp Uhde standard UN 2002-03, Serial Nos. C 2 and C 3. If possible, disconnectable joints coming into contact with the process fluid inside the vessel shall be avoided. If this is not possible, appropriate corrosion-resistant bolts shall be used. For block flanges, the standard shall be applied analogously. Threaded inserts shall be corrosion-resistant. All collars and fixed flanges shall be attached by the wet-in-wet method. 2.3.4 Supporting and reinforcing elements Horizontal vessels and equipment shall be provided with saddles which provide support over at least 150° of the vessel shell and then extend tangentially. The supporting shells of the saddles shall be lined with soft material. In order to protect the laminate, soft linings (e.g. soft rubber strips) of at least 5 mm thickness shall be provided between vessel shell and support. Vertical vessels with dished heads and vertical equipment shall preferably be provided with skirts, not with supporting steel structures. The vessels and equipment shall be provided with lifting lugs. The reinforcing elements shall be of the same material as the basic structure. Other materials shall be agreed upon. Steel parts which have been laminated into the laminate shall be corrosion-resistant. Lifting lugs shall be located in the centroidal axis. 2.3.5 Internals For internals, which are installed inside of or projecting into vessels and which come into contact with the process fluid, the requirements according to 2.3 (Fabrication) analogously apply as regards the build-up of their laminate structure. Pipes shall correspond to DIN 16965 Part 5. 2.3.6 Aging Referred to the amount of resin used, the mass of monomer styrene shall not exceed 2%. If the resin system used requires aging at an elevated temperature, same must be performed at the works after fabrication of the vessels, equipment and their accessories has been completed. The temperature required and the duration of the aging process are specified in the processing instructions of the resin manufacturers or they must be agreed upon with the resin manufacturers for special designs. 2.4 Surface finish In accordance with the fabrication process used, the inner and outer surfaces of vessels and equipment shall be smooth and free of cracks. Dents, exposed glass fibres and resin concentrations as well as adhesive residues and stains are not permitted. Minor flat grooves and unevenness of the outer surfaces are permitted provided that the dimensions and tolerances specified in the respective standards are met. Clusters of blisters, areas of pore concentrations as well as delamination and occlusions of foreign matter are not permitted. Repair and touch-up work is only permitted if approved by the orderer. The location, scope and type of the repairs, which also included the inner coating, shall be entered into the fabrication documents and forwarded to the orderer. 2.5 General tolerances The dimensions for the vessels and equipment are specified in the drawings. The following permissible devia- tions apply to dimensions with no tolerance specified: 2.5.1 Vessel / equipment diameters D ≤ 1000 mm, permissible tolerance as for pipes of UP-GF as per DIN 16965 Part 1, Part 4 and Part 5. D > 1000 mm, permissible tolerance of the mean outside diameter ± 0.5% of D. The mean outside diameter is determined by measuring the circumference. UN 2002-01 Part 1 Page 5 The max. out-of-roundness of the vessel or equipment shall be calculated according to the following equation: U = 2 (D max. - + D D D min. max. min. ) × 100 in % The following values shall not be exceeded: Table 1. Ratio of wall thickness/diameter Internal pressure External pressure s/D ≤ 0.01 2 % 0.01 < s/D ≤ 0.01 1.5 % 1.5 % 2.5.2 Vessel / equipment lengths Degree of accuracy C as per DIN 8570 Part 1. 2.5.3 Deviation from the straight line (shell line) For vessel and equipment lengths exceeding 2000 mm, the deviation may be 0.5% of the cylindrical length. 2.5.4 Nozzles and flanges The tolerances for nozzles, collars and flanges are specified in the applicable DIN and works standards. Spacing of the nozzles from the reference plane: Degree of accuracy B as per DIN EN ISO 13920. Nozzle lengths, spacing between nozzles: Degree of accuracy B as per DIN EN ISO 13920. For manholes and inspection openings, the min. dimensions as per AD regulation A 5 shall be observed. The max. deviation of the nozzle axis from the specified angle as well as of the rectangularity of the flange sealing face is 0.5°. The flange sealing faces shall be sufficiently even to ensure that tight connections can be obtained with the specified seals without exceeding the permissible deformation of sealing and flange materials (machining, if possible). 2.5.5 Supporting elements Arrangement, dimensions and position relative to a reference plane: degree of accuracy C as per DIN EN ISO 13920. Max. deviation from the specified angle: 0.5°, but not more than 10 mm. 2.5.6 Wall thicknesses The actual wall thicknesses must not be less than those specified in the drawing. 2.6 Mechanical strength All vessels and equipment shall be designed for a pressure of +20 mbar and a vacuum of -10 mbar. The manufacturer shall perform and be fully responsible for the stress analysis which shall be submitted to the orderer together with the workshop drawings. The drawings shall show material-specific data such as: • Exact designation of the UP resins • Laminate structure of cylinders, heads, internals, nozzles, collar bushings and top laminates (butt joints) • Additional materials (adhesive, reinforcing material, filler compound) • Fabrication process • Materials of parts attached by lamination The strength values taken as a basis for the stress analysis shall likewise be entered in the drawing. These values must not be less than the min. strength values listed in Table 2. The mechanical strength must meet the operating, working and test requirements outlined in the specifications. The inner coating described under 2.3.1.1 is not taken into consideration for the stress analysis. AD regulation N 1 applies to pressure vessels according to the pressure vessel code (DruckbehV, dated 01.05.1989), whereas AD regulation N 1 applies analogously to all other vessels. The rating and design of the vessels and equipment and their accessories shall take into consideration all forces affecting the vessels and equipment, including the weight of the insulation, the effect of the supporting structures, wind loads, earthquake loads, any dynamic loads, the effects of hydrostatic tests and of the loads encountered during assembly and transport. Proof of the vessels and equipment being able to withstand vacuum shall be furnished by calculation. Collars and flanges shall meet the requirements as per DIN 16966 Part 7. DIN 16966 Part 1 applies to nozzles. Page 6 UN 2002-01 Part 1 Table 2. Strength values (minimum values) for carrying laminates at room temperature Load case Strength values N/mm 2 Tensile strength K Z 100 Bending strength K B 130 Modulus of elasticity in tensile stress E Z 8000 Modulus of elasticity in bending stress E B 7200 Interlaminar shear strength 8 Interlaminar tensile strength 4 It should be noted that pure chopped-strand laminates are excluded, because this laminate structure does not seem to be suitable for carrying laminates in vessels and because fabrication is uneconomical. 3 Shipment Vessels and equipment and their accessories shall be stored and transported with a view to ensuring that the requirements according to Krupp Uhde standard UN 2002-04 are met. 4 Pre-commissioning tests 4.1 General This standard applies to pressure vessels according to the pressure vessel code (DruckbehV, dated 01.05.1989) and to vessels which are not subject to the pressure vessel code. The tests applicable to each case are shown in Table 3 and Table 4. 4.2 Type and scope of tests Tests exceeding those required according to Table 3 and Table 4 are specified in the purchase order (e.g. type of test for process fluids p > 1000 kg/m³, presence of a representative during the tests, specimens for tests at the orderer's premises). Table 3. Vessels not subject to the pressure vessel code Pressure range Scope of test Inspector Remark Max. allowable working pressure p ≤ 0.1 bar a) if ordered, preliminary test (4.3.1) b) if ordered, constructional check (4.3.2.2) c) leakage test (4.3.3.2) d) if ordered, fabrication supervision (4.3.2.3) Manufac- turer Tests preceded by "if ordered" will be performed by a representative of the orderer only if specified in the purchase order. Table 4. Pressure vessels subject to the pressure vessel code Test group according to § 8 of pressure vessel code (Druck- behV.) Scope of test Inspector Remark A I 1) II a) if ordered, preliminary test (4.3.1) b) if ordered, constructional check (4.3.2.2) c) pressure test (4.3.3.3) d) if ordered, fabrication supervision (4.3.2.3) Manufac- turer's expert Tests preceded by "if ordered" will be performed by an expert only if specified in the purchase B III IV VI VII a) preliminary test (4.3.1) b) constructional check (4.3.2.2) c) pressure test (4.3.3.3) d) if ordered, fabrication supervision (4.3.2.3) Officially appointed expert order. Vessels subject to other codes and regulations The vessels are tested according to the applicable codes and regulations (e.g. VbF, Landesbauordnung, etc.). 1) Only applies to pressure vessels of group I, if used for combustible, caustic or noxious gases, vapour The performance of the acceptance test (§ 9 of the pressure vessel code (DruckbehV)) prior to the initial start- up does not constitute part of this standard. This must be arranged by the owner after the vessels and equipment have been delivered and erected. UN 2002-01 Part 1 Page 7 4.3 Performance of tests 4.3.1 Preliminary tests For the preliminary test, the documents according to 2.6 (Mechanical strength) shall be submitted to the orderer for approval. 4.3.2 Constructional checks and fabrication supervision 4.3.2.1 General The necessity of constructional checks results from § 9 of the pressure vessel code (DruckbehV) (see 4.2 - Type and scope of tests). Fabrication supervision will be specified in the purchase order and will be performed by a representative of the orderer. The tests listed below do not constitute a substitute for the manufacturer's own inspections and do not absolve the manufacturer from his liability for any fabrication defects. 4.3.2.2 Constructional checks The purpose of the constructional check is to determine whether the requirements according to 2.1 (Materials), 2.3 (Fabrication) and 2.6 (Mechanical strength) have been met. 4.3.2.2.1 Mechanical strength Requirements according to 2.6 for • Tensile test: tests as per DIN EN 61 • Bending test: tests as per DIN EN 63 • Interlaminar tensile strength: tests as per DIN 53397 • Strength of flanges and collars: tests as per DIN 16966 Part 7 • Strength of nozzles: tests as per DIN 16966 Part 1 • Shear strength: tests as per DIN 53399 Part 2 If specified in the purchase order, the bending strength can be measured during the pressure test at particularly critical points. 4.3.2.2.2 Laminate structure Requirements according to 2.3.1. The glass layers shall be determined by incinerating a specimen as per DIN EN 60. 4.3.2.2.3 Glass content Requirements according to 2.3.1. The tests shall be performed as per DIN EN 60. The values shall be determined separately for the inner coating and for the carrying body. 4.3.2.2.4 Residual styrene content Requirements according to 2.3.6. The tests shall be performed as per DIN 53394. 4.3.2.2.5 Barcol hardness test The test shall be performed by taking 10 readings with instruments as per DIN EN 59 at 1 measuring point. The mean value shall be above 40 scale divisions. The two highest and lowest readings shall be ignored for calculating the mean value. The test shall only be performed on the outer laminate surface and on the inner laminate surface of cut-outs. 4.3.2.2.6 Acetone test Wetting of the UP-GF surface by wiping it three times with an acetone-impregnated cloth shall not cause stickiness of the laminate surface immediately after the acetone has evaporated. The test shall only be performed on the outer laminate surface and on the inner laminate surface of cut-outs. 4.3.2.2.7 Dimensional check Requirements according to 2.5. The purpose of the test is to determine whether the requirements according to 2.5 have been met. 4.3.2.2.8 Surface finish Requirements according to 2.4. Page 8 UN 2002-01 Part 1 A visual check for any cracks, blisters, etc. shall be performed using a suitable light source (counterlight), if necessary. 4.3.2.3 Fabrication supervision For the fabrication supervision, the fabrication sequence shall be made known in advance. During the fabrication process, the orderer's representatives shall be granted access at all times to the manufacturer's works concerned in order to permit testing the materials, the laminate structure, insertion of the nozzles, etc., i.e. to determine whether the requirements according to 2.1 (Materials), 2.3 (Fabrication) and 2.6 (Mechanical strength) are being met. The tests shall be performed on nozzle cut-outs. If no suitable specimens can be taken from the nozzle cut- outs, the material specimens shall be taken from test pieces which have been fabricated simultaneously with the actual component, and which must correspond to the component as regards fabrication, structure and composition. The nozzle cut-outs shall be marked with the location of the cut-out, be temporarily stored and handed over to the orderer's representative. The nozzle cut-outs or the specimens fabricated simultaneously with the actual vessel or equipment must be subjected to heat treatment together with the vessel or equipment. In the case of vessels which are subject to supervision according to the pressure vessel code, special agreements shall be made for the specimens. 4.3.3 Pressure or leakage test 4.3.3.1 Purpose of test The pressure test serves to determine whether the pressure vessel or pressure vessel components are tight under test pressure and to ensure that no deformation or damage occurs which might be serious from the aspect of safety. Unless otherwise specified in the purchase order, the pressure or leakage test shall be performed with water. Gas may also be used for the pressure test, if agreed upon. 4.3.3.2 Leakage test The leakage test shall be performed by filling the vessel with water, the filling level being determined by the future operating conditions (in most cases the vessel is filled up to the upper edge of the topmost nozzle). No visible leaks may occur after 20 hours have elapsed. 4.3.3.3 Pressure test AD regulation N 1 applies to the pressure test. 4.3.4 Inflammability Requirements according to 2.2 (Special requirements). The test shall be performed as per DIN 4102 Part 1. 4.4 Records A report shall be prepared on the tests performed. A certificate shall be issued for the materials used, namely as per: DIN 50049 - 2.1 for resins, glass, etc. DIN 50049 - 2.1 for completed laminates in the case of pressure vessels according to Tables 3 and 4, Section A DIN 50049 - 3.1 B for completed laminates in the case of pressure vessels according to Table 4, Section B 5 Marking All vessels and equipment shall be provided with a plate holder at a clearly visible location. The following shall be attached to this holder in a durable, legible and not replaceable manner: • Name plate according to the purchase order which bears additional data on the type of resin used • The material data may also be specified on a separate plate • If an item of equipment comprises several parts, each part shall be marked durably and unambiguously. • The manufacturer shall receive shipping and marking instructions from the orderer. UN 2002-01 Part 1 Page 9 Reference standards Pressure vessel code (DruckbehV) dated 01.05.1989 AD regulation A 5 Openings, closures and special closure elements AD regulation N 1 Pressure vessels in glass-fibre-reinforced thermosetting plastics DIN EN 59 Glass-reinforced plastics; measurement of hardness by means of a Barcol impressor DIN EN 60 Glass-reinforced plastics; determination of the loss on ignition DIN EN 61 Textile glass-reinforced plastics; determination of tensile properties DIN EN 63 Glass-reinforced plastics; determination of flexural properties, three-point method DIN 4102 Part 1 Fire behaviour of building materials and building components; building materials; con- cepts; requirements and tests DIN EN ISO 13920 General tolerances for welded structures; linear and angular dimensions DIN 16965 Part 1 Wound glass-fibre-reinforced polyester resin (UP-GF); pipes, type A pipes, dimensions DIN 16965 Part 4 Wound glass-fibre-reinforced polyester resin (UP-GF); pipes, type D pipes, dimensions DIN 16965 Part 5 Wound glass-fibre-reinforced polyester resin (UP-GF); pipes, type E pipes, dimensions DIN 16966 Part 1 Glass-fibre-reinforced polyester resin (UP-GF) pipe fittings and joint assemblies; fittings; general quality requirements and testing DIN 16966 Part 7 Glass-fibre-reinforced polyester resin (UP-GF) pipe fittings and joint assemblies; bushings, flanges, flanged and laminated joints; general quality requirements and testing DIN 50049 Materials testing certificates DIN 53394 Testing of plastics; determination of the percentage of styrene in unsaturated polyester resin moulding material in the moulded state, test method with Wijs solution DIN 53397 Testing of textile glass-reinforced plastics; determination of the interlaminated tensile stress at maximum load DIN 53399 Part 2 Testing of reinforced plastics; shear test on plane specimens DIN 61853 Part 1 Textile glass, textile glass mats for plastics reinforcement; technical delivery conditions DIN 61854 Part 1 Textile glass; woven glass fabrics for plastics reinforcement; woven glass filament fabric and woven roving; technical delivery conditions DIN 61855 Part 1 Textile glass; glass roving for plastics reinforcement; technical delivery conditions UN 2002-04 Vessels and equipment; transport, shipping and erection instructions for vessels and equipment of FRP UN 2002-03 Vessels and equipment of glass-fibre-reinforced plastics (FRP) based on UP resins; typical configurations Further standards AD regul. A 5, App. 1 Directives for the arrangement of manholes and inspection ports DIN 2501 Part 1 Flanges; connecting dimensions DIN 16867 Glass-fibre-reinforced polyester resin (UP-GF) pipes, fittings and joints for use in chemical pipelines; technical delivery conditions DIN 16945 Reaction resins, reactants and reaction moulding materials; test methods DIN 16946 Part 1 Reaction resin moulding materials; casting resin moulding materials in the moulded state; testing methods DIN 16946 Part 2 Reaction resin moulding materials; casting resin moulding materials in the moulded state; types DIN 16948 Part 1 Glass-fibre-reinforced reaction moulding materials in the moulded state; classification and designation DIN 16948 Part 2 Glass-fibre-reinforced reaction moulding materials in the moulded state; properties of special moulding materials DIN 16964 Wound glass-fibre-reinforced polyester resins (UP-GF) pipes; general quality requirements and testing DIN 16965 Part 2 Wound glass-fibre-reinforced polyester resin (UP-GF); pipes, type B pipes, dimensions DIN 16966 Part 4 Glass-fibre-reinforced polyester resin (UP-GF) pipe fittings and joints, tees, nozzles, dimensions DIN 16966 Part 6 Glass-fibre-reinforced polyester resin (UP-GF) pipe fittings and joint assemblies; collars, flanges, joint rings, dimensions DIN 16971 Extruded sheets of polypropylene (PP); Technical delivery specifications DIN 53444 Testing of plastics; tensile creep test DIN 53452 Testing of plastics; bending test DIN 61850 Textile glass products and auxiliary products; terms and definitions UN 2002-05 Vessels and equipment; fabrication defects on vessels and equipment of glass-fibre- reinforced thermoset plastics VDI 2001 Thermoset mouldings VDI 2003 Chip-forming machining of plastics VDI 2010 Sheet 1 Fibre-reinforced reaction resin moulding materials, fundamentals, reinforcing fibres and additive materials VDI 2010 Sheet 2 Fibre-reinforced reaction resin moulding materials in the moulded state; unsaturated polyester resins VDI 2011 Manufacture of components from GRP (glass-fibre- reinforced plastics) VDI 2013 Sheet 1 Dimensioning of GFK (glass-fibre-reinforced plastics) construction components

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