ANNA UNIVERSITY :: CHENNAI 600 025FORMAT FOR PREPARATION OF PROJECT REPORT FOR B.E. / B. TECH. / B. ARCH. 1. ARRANGEMENT OF CONTENTS: The sequence in which the project report material should be arranged and bound should be as follows: 1. Cover Page & Title Page 2. Bonafide Certificate 3. Abstract 4. Table of Contents 5. List of Tables 6. List of Figures 7. List of Symbols, Abbreviations and Nomenclature 8. Chapters 9. Appendices 10. References The table and figures shall be introduced in the appropriate places. 2. PAGE DIMENSION AND BINDING SPECIFICATIONS: The dimension of the project report should be in A4 size. The project report should be bound using flexible cover of the thick white art paper. The cover should be printed in black letters and the text for printing should be identical. 3. PREPARATION FORMAT: 3.1 3.2 Cover Page & Title Page – A specimen copy of the Cover page & Title page of the project report are given in Appendix 1. Bonafide Certificate – The Bonafide Certificate shall be in double line spacing using Font Style Times New Roman and Font Size 14, as per the format in Appendix 2. The certificate shall carry the supervisor’s signature and shall be followed by the supervisor’s name, academic designation (not any other responsibilities of administrative nature), 3 3. abbreviations etc. List of Tables – The list should use exactly the same captions as they appear above the tables in the text. Abbreviations and Nomenclature – One and a half spacing should be adopted or typing the matter under this head. List of Figures – The list should use exactly the same captions as they appear below the figures in the text.5 3. Appendices shall carry the title of the work reported and the same title shall be made in the contents page also. Appendices.4 Abstract – Abstract should be one page synopsis of the project report typed double line spacing.6 3. 3. which refers to the material they annotate. Tables and References appearing in appendices should be numbered and referred to at appropriate places just as in the case of chapters. One and a half spacing should be adopted for typing the matter under this head. should be used. Appendix 1. • • • . One and a half spacing should be adopted for typing the matter under this head. Table of Contents – The table of contents should list all material following it as well as any material which precedes it. etc. Footnotes should be used sparingly. Chapters – The chapters may be broadly divided into 3 parts (i) Introductory chapter. Standard symbols. which is included in the main text may serve as a distraction and cloud the central theme. They should be typed single space and placed directly underneath in the very same page. The main text will be divided into several chapters and each chapter may be further divided into several divisions and sub-divisions.department and full address of the institution where the supervisor has guided the student.7 3.9 Appendices – Appendices are provided to give supplementary information.8 Tables and figures in a chapter should be placed in the immediate vicinity of the reference where they are cited. The term ‘SUPERVISOR’ must be typed in capital letters between the supervisor’s name and academic designation. (ii) Chapters developing the main theme of the project work (iii) and Conclusion. 3. The title page and Bonafide Certificate will not find a place among the items listed in the Table of Contents but the page numbers of which are in lower case Roman letters.g. 3. Font Style Times New Roman and Font Size 14. One and a half spacing should be adopted for typing the matter under this head. A specimen copy of the Table of Contents of the project report is given in Appendix 3. e. Each chapter should be given an appropriate title. Appendices should be numbered using Arabic numerals. List of Symbols. Appendix 2. photographs and diagrams may be designated as figures. 1231-1236. The reference material should be listed in the alphabetical order of the first author. All other non-verbal materials used in the body of the project work and appendices such as charts.. 4. K. 2. The name of the author/authors should be immediately followed by the year and other details. One and a half spacing should be used for typing the general text.10 List of References –The listing of references should be typed 4 spaces below the heading “REFERENCES” in alphabetical order in single spacing left – justified. (1984) ‘Open Loop Minimum Time Control of Mechanical Manipulations and its Applications’.3. (1994) ‘Transport Phonomena of Sm Sel – X Asx’.By the word Table. pp. J. graphs. Shin. 3. is meant tabulated numerical data in the body of the project report as well as in the appendices. maps. San Diego. Ariponnammal.Conf. C. S. N. CA. Barnard. Proc. pp.Contr.421-425.10. R. 3. ***** .81–94. and Kellogg. (1980) ‘Applications of Convolution Operators to Problems in Univalent Function Theory’. S. No.W. Michigan Mach. pp.Amer. Vol.42. and Natarajan.G. Pramana – Journal of Physics Vol.1 Table and figures . REFERENCES 1.D. TYPING INSTRUCTIONS: The impression on the typed copies should be black in colour. The general text shall be typed in the Font style ‘Times New Roman’ and Font size 14. A typical illustrative list given below relates to the citation example quoted above..27. and Mckay.1. F.FUZZY LOGIC AUTOMATIC VOLTAGE REGULATOR A PROJECT REPORT Submitted by AUGUSTINE DANIEL GERALD. M GAUTHAM SENGUTTUVAN in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING in ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING PALLAVAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING ANNA UNIVERSITY: CHENNAI 600 025 APRIL 2011 . A BHARATH. BHARATH. A (52107105004). M. SUPERVISOR Lecturer Depatrment of EEE Pallavan College of Engineering Kancheepuram Depatrment of EEE Pallavan College of Engineering Kancheepuram . HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT SIGNATURE Mr. G.B. F. M (52107105007). SIGNATURE Mr.ANNA UNIVERSITY: CHENNAI 600 025 BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE Certified that this project report “FUZZY LOGIC AUTOMATIC VOLTAGE REGULATOR” is the bonafide work of “AUGUSTINE DANIEL GERALD.E.E.A. Uvaraj M. Dinesh B. GAUTHAM SENGUTTUVAN (52107105011)” who carried out the project work under my supervision. J.. K. We are immense pleasured in thanking our H.A.E. Damodaran M. We thank our internal guide Mr. M. Malathy M.. G. J. for giving us his affordable approach to make our project a fruitful one..E. M. Mr.E. Uvaraj M.I. for giving us the permission to do this project.O. Finally we acknowledge all who directly or indirectly contributed to our project. who helped us in all the moments of our project by giving his valuable suggestions and innovative ideas.ACKNOWLEDGEMENT It is our prerogative to admit the encouragement given by our college principal Mr. We also thank our class advisor Mrs.B..D. S... Dinesh B. M.E.. . and all our department staffs and our colleagues for giving their moral supports and vital encouragement throught our project end to success.E. that are non precise and often convey a surprising amount of information. fuzzy control uses the fuzzy rules to make a decision and generate the control effort.ABSTRACT In this project the fuzzy logic is applied with the three variable input single outputs Proportional Integral Derivative for the Automatic Voltage Regulator. The result of the defuzzification has to be a numeric value which determines the duty factor of the PWM signal used to drive the motor. Instead of the mathematical formula. Fuzzy logic operators provide formal method of manipulating linguistic variable. . The control output is used to control the motor of the auto-transformer to regulate the voltage from Fuzzy rules. Here the fuzzy might provide elegant and efficient solutions in the design of multivariable control based on experimental results rather than on mathematical models. APPENDIX 3 . . . ...... ... 1.. ..(A typical specimen of table of contents) <Font Style Times New Roman> TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER NO.. .2... .. . INTRODUCTION 1..3 1. . . ... .2 . .2 General .. .. ..... . ...3 1.. . GENERAL 2.2 …………….. .2..2 .2... . .2 GENERAL . 1.2.. . .3 . ..... .2... . ...4 ..2. ..... . . 1.1 .1 1. .. 1. ABSTRACT LIST OF TABLE LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF SYMBOLS TITLE PAGE NO... . ...1 1..2. LITERATURE REVIEW 2.. ... ..1 General 1.. .. .2.. 2.. iii xvi xviii xxvii 1. .. 99 1 1 2 5 12 19 25 29 30 45 58 69 75 100 2.2. NEED FOR PROJECT Fuzzy logic controller processes the user defined rules that are used for governing the control system. so that it can be modified easily to alter the performance of the system. small. multi-channel PC. Fuzzy Logic enables you to use a simple rule based approach which offers significant cost savings. It provides a simple way to arrive at a definite conclusion based upon vague. networked. Fuzzy Logic’s approach to the control system shows how much faster it takes decision with the others. both in memory and processor class. Fuzzy logic controller processes the user defined rules that are used for governing the control system.FUZZY LOGIC AUTOMATIC VOLTAGE REGULATOR CHAPTER – 1 INTRODUCTION Fuzzy Logic is a problem-solving control system methodology that lends itself to implementation in systems ranging from simple. so that it can be modified easily to alter the performance of the system. . or missing input information. embedded micro-controllers to large. imprecise. ambiguous. noisy. Fuzzy control is attractive due to its similarity to the human way of thinking. The fuzzy system is suitable for linear as well as for nonlinear systems . The system design does not involve complex mathematical equations but it is based on logical reasoning.CONCEPT OF FUZZY LOGIC Fuzzy logic acknowledges that things can be either true or untrue During the past recent years fuzzy control has emerged as an attractive application area.