Typing Book by Vivaan Sharma

Typing Book by Vivaan SharmaTyping Book Prepared by Vivaan Sharma Following massive protests over the death of 13 women who underwent the sterilization procedure of tubectomy in Bilaspur district of Chhattisgarh last November, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare has written to all States reminding them that every person should be counselled about the different family planning options available. The letter completely contradicts the Union government’s intent of achieving population stabilization almost exclusively through sterilization. In a letter sent in October 2014 to 11 high-focus States, the Ministry had noted that the 2020 family planning goals had ―underlined the importance of sterilization‖ surgeries in these States. Even the recently released draft National Health Policy 2015 highlights the ―challenge‖ of population stabilization in six of the 11 States. In order to achieve the annual targets, the government recently increased the compensation given to women/men, motivators (Accredited Social Health Activists) and doctors. If the revised incentive given to motivators is Rs.200 for tubectomy and Rs.300 for vasectomy, the amount is as high as Rs.1,000 for a ―permanent limiting method‖ (tubectomy or vasectomy) in the case of couples after up to two children. The higher incentive earmarked for permanent limiting methods is another reason why more women will now end up on the operating table. The government recently added a new component — post-partum sterilization done soon after or within seven days of delivery. This approach works to the government’s advantage as more women are opting for institutional delivery to avail of the cash incentive earmarked for it. Given the government’s primary focus on permanent and irreversible family planning options, the question of counselling women on the different options and giving them full freedom to choose the best one, will at best remain on paper, and not in practice. Sterilization is the most prevalent form of contraception in the country, constituting nearly 75 per cent of the.2002 Typing Book by Vivaan Sharma With a high number of tubectomies conducted every year and in a camp- based approach, tubectomy-related deaths as a result of poor quality of care will be inevitable even when they are done in health-care facilities. Unfortunately, the camp-based approach is set to continue. The pressure to meet targets, the incentives given to motivators and doctors and the permanent nature of sterilization would mean that the question of counselling men and women of the different options may remain on paper. When Mahinda Rajapaksa called a fresh presidential election two years ahead of the scheduled January 2016 end to his second term in office, he did so because he was confident of being voted back for another six years. There was no real challenger on the horizon at that time, and Mr. Rajapaksa, who had made the 2009 military victory over the LTTE the main theme of his government, believed that Sinhalese voters would once again repose their faith in him. Indeed, so entrenched had he become that few imagined he would lose, and that too to a relative unknown like Maithripala Sirisena, who was the Health Minister in the Rajapaksa Cabinet. Mr. Sirisena’s sudden emergence as a candidate of an opposition alliance took Mr. Rajapaksa by surprise. He had been unable to see, surrounded as he was by a cabal, that his one-family authoritarian rule had angered senior members of his Sri Lanka Freedom Party, and taken the shine off his image among the majority Sinhalese as the President who ended a 30-year war. The Tamil voters in the North and East, alienated as they were by the Rajapaksa government’s abject failure to face up to the challenges of post-war ethnic reconciliation, were always going to vote against him. The foot-dragging on investigations into alleged war crimes, the militarisation of the Tamil-dominated North, the hardships that this posed for the people, And the huge political failure on devolution of powers all ensured that the Tamil vote would go against him. Another significant.2005 Typing Book by Vivaan Sharma With no apparent attempt by the government to crack down on communal violence even after a bout of deadly rioting in 2013. The departure of the Sri Lanka Muslim Congress from the ruling coalition to the Sirisena camp just days ahead of the election, was the final blow against the Rajapaksa regime. Mr. Sirisena rode to victory on an out-and-out anti-Rajapaksa vote that rendered irrelevant his own perceived handicaps: the absence of personal charisma; a late start; doubts about whether a candidate of a diverse opposition group could provide a stable leadership; and the lack of resources in comparison to what the incumbent had at his disposal. He had to his advantage a rural base in the north-central districts of Sri Lanka, and aside from the backing of a ginger group of the ruling SLFP that defected along with him, the backing of the main opposition United National Party, and the Jathika Hela Urumaya, a party of Buddhist monks. With this he managed to poll nearly half of all Sinhalese votes cast, sweeping up in addition the Tamil and Muslim votes to win 51.28 per cent of the vote share compared to his opponent’s 47.58. The outcome is an unequivocal victory for democracy and a lesson to the whole region in peaceful regime change. The new President of Sri Lanka has his work cut out. To begin with, the focus is bound to be on Mr. Sirisena’s campaign promise to abolish the powerful Executive Presidency, which will require a constitutional amendment supported by two-thirds of Parliament, a difficult proposition. One option before him is to dissolve Parliament and call a fresh election a year ahead of schedule. The coalition itself is made up of disparate and mutually antagonistic parties that must learn to work together. UNP leader Ranil Wickramasinghe has already been named the new Prime Minister. Former President Chandrika Kumaratunga, who, after retiring from politics in 2005 re-emerged on the scene to mentor the SLFP defectors, may well emerge as a third power centre. Quickly.2007 Typing Book by Vivaan Sharma Mr. Sirisena will need to repair the much-eroded confidence in Sri Lanka as a country that respects the rule of law, independence of the judiciary and media freedom. Most importantly, the new dispensation must waste no time in addressing the Tamil demand for a just peace, because on this hinges the future of the country itself. With his vast powers, Mr. Sirisena can immediately redress some long- standing demands including returning to Tamils the land owned by them that the Army took over in the 1990s and has stubbornly refused to vacate. Devolution of powers to the Northern Province should also be high on his list of priorities, and if a new Constitution is being planned with a Westminster-style government, just power-sharing with the Tamil minority should find a place. The new dispensation will also need to move speedily on addressing alleged war crimes, starting with ascertaining how many Tamil civilians actually died in the last phases of the war. But Tamil stridency on these demands will hinder rather than help matters. As the main and most credible political representative of the Tamils, the Tamil National Alliance must play a responsible role. Tamil Nadu’s political parties must desist from fanning any extremist demands, for which there is no place on either side of the Palk Strait. For New Delhi, the change in Sri Lanka presents the opportunity to build a bilateral relationship that is based on mutual trust and honesty rather than on mutual suspicion. In recent months, the growing military relationship between Colombo and Beijing was one of the big concerns in New Delhi. As a sovereign country, Sri Lanka must be free to choose its friends and allies. But the least New Delhi can expect is that its defence concerns will not be compromised by a friendly neighbour. India’s relations with Sri Lanka are civilisational, not contractual, and despite all the ups and downs, the ties between the people of both countries, based on culture, religion and trade, have continued.2003 Typing Book by Vivaan Sharma Both countries have a common strategic interest in a peaceful Indian Ocean. It is from this large base that both must now work to strengthen mutually beneficial ties. The belated decision of the Delhi Police to treat the death of Sunanda Pushkar in January 2014 as a case of murder may have ended the year-long uncertainty about the fate of a meandering probe that has been bogged down in forensic and medical investigations, but it also raises troubling questions about the functioning of the force. Whatever the initial circumstantial clues that made suicide a more probable cause of death, there was little justification for the police to delay the registration of a first information report until a year after she was found dead in a hotel suite. And even that has been done more than three months after a medical report categorically said Ms. Pushkar’s death was unnatural and due to poisoning. The latest report of December 29, 2014, largely reiterated the finding. While the circumstances — signs emerged that not everything was all right between Ms. Pushkar and her husband Shashi Tharoor when she had a spat on Twitter with a foreign journalist just a day before her death — did indicate that she may have been under great psychological stress, there appeared to be some reluctance on the part of the police to address suspicions of foul play. There were suggestions that she may have died of a drug overdose, and adding to the theory was evidence found on the crime scene. Two used strips of a drug meant to treat panic and anxiety disorders, were found, but it was neither prescribed for Ms. Pushkar nor was it consumed, as the viscera analysis showed. It would not have been difficult to trace their origin by using the batch number or ascertain if it was prescribed for her and by whom. The theory that she suffered from Lupus has been proved wrong by the final report that states categorically that Ms. Pushkar was a normal, healthy woman with no ailments. It is to be hoped that the police.2004 We don't want unnecessary attention. Typing Book by Vivaan Sharma Don't be surprised if you come across a statue of Nathuram Godse. the Hindu Mahasabha plans to install them in the premises of temples across India. UP because According to senior functionaries of the Hindutva group. While treating the issue as serious problem for law and order the State police also plans to invoke section 144 of the IPC at the two places. Godse statue might soon be seen within temple premises across the country -. the day Godse shot dead Mahatma Gandhi. the outfit will first install Godse statue across the country and will then inform the media in order to avoid possible crackdowns by the Uttar Pradesh government and possible roadblocks posed by the other State government in the country. After its attempt to install Godse statues at few identified places in Uttar Pradesh was foiled by the State Police. in the temple in your vicinity. As per the revised strategy. in temples in the Hindi speaking States like Madhya Pradesh. We would rather focus on competing the job at hand. "After we announced about our plans the government sealed the place. they met several group of saints during the recently concluded "Magh Kumbh mela" in Allahabad. After its public announcement to build a temple for Godse in Sitapur district and install a Godse statue at an identified place in Meerut. The Hindutva outfit has decided not to publicise its programmes of the installation of the statue after it felt "too much media coverage" became an "obstacle" in its work. The Hindutva outfit is in touch with saints and temple trusts which supervise hundreds of temples. the Uttar Pradesh police sealed the two places.2010 . the killer of the Mahatma Gandhi. According to a senior Hindu Mahasabha leader who didn't want to be quoted because of the sensitivity of the issue. At present the outfit is quite determined but tight upped about how it plans to install statue of Nathuram Godse on January 30." he told this correspondent. assured it of their support.to start with. the Hindu Mahasabha leader said: "Godse was no less than any other greater because he sent across the message of unified India and protested against the division the country by Klimt Gandhi". "We have a dedicated set of youths who are brimming with nationalistic fervour and who are ready to put Godse statue at the Raj Ghat at the cost of getting arrested but we don't want to work like that. We do have statues of great Hindu reformers and great men in temple premises." maintained the Hindutva leader. had resulted in its leaders being booked under various sections of the IPC." said the outfit leader. Typing Book by Vivaan Sharma "We met hundreds of saints during the Magh Kumbh Mela in Allahabad who assured us of their support and now we are planning to install statues in temples with the support of these saints. The public announcement by the outfit to install a Godse statue and subsequent well reported bhumi pujan in Meerut for the statue. IIT Bombay has embarked on a commendable mass online education programme that will provide free online courses and give access to high quality. It also plans to inaugurate and launch small libraries which would provide literature highlighting Godse's "point of view about unified India and correct sequence of events as far as Gandhi's killing is concerned". While justifying the proposed move." added another. The Hindutva group has ordered about five hundred statues from artists in Jaipur. we decided that as mark of respect to Godse we can install his statues somewhere in the premises of temples. He clarified that the statues won't necessarily be in the main part of the temples so as not to equate Godse with the Hindu Gods. IIT- style education to Indian students in Indian languages. In a step that could significantly push the bar for quality online education in the country. "After some serious thinking and discussion with saints. We just want to spread the message of 'Akhand bharat' (unified India) which was the main mission for Nathuram Godse ji.2002 . On the Republic Day. thermodynamics. Khakhar credited Prof. a not-for-profit initiative by MIT and Harvard. MOOCs are seen as the best way forward to ensure quality in education and vocational training. will last 12 weeks. but the academic infrastructure is not up to the expected levels and quality of education suffers.000 Teachers or T10KT programme of the institute. Prof. it incorporates aspects of active learning. launching the first three courses. Describing the initiative as “pathbreaking”. “We have about 3500 colleges. Simultaneously. “The rapid evolution of technology makes it imperative for students and teachers to incorporate the various offerings of technology in their learning process. Global educational institutions are increasingly adopting MOOCs and given India‟s need for reaching out to largest possible number of learners. collaborative discussions on forum. The students will get an honour certificate of achievement certifying successful completion of the course after they have qualified in the tests. readings and problem sets. Deepak Phatak of the Computer Science and Engineering Department for bringing it to IIT Bombay. designed for mechanical engineering students. IIT Bombay will also offer training workshops for invited teachers on effective teaching and mentoring students in online courses for each of these three subjects under the Train 10. online quizzes etc.” he said. Mass Open Online Courses or MOOCs have emerged as the most inexpensive mechanism for offering quality education online to a very large number of learners and in addition to traditional course materials like videos. Signals and Systems will be a 16-week course in two parts designed for electrical engineering students. Typing Book by Vivaan Sharma Online Courses (MOOC) in computer programming. and signals and systems from the institute‟s IITBombayX platform developed in collaboration with edX.2005 . The course on Thermodynamics. The Introduction to Computer Programming will be 16-week course in two parts aimed at computer programming students. In December 2014.4 billion.4 per cent compared to the previous year. “The courses will also be important for collecting data on student behaviour and their approach in online education which we could share with other educational institutions. while Facebook‟s income last year amounted to $12. So. The company earned in 2014 a net profit of $2. and a course by Tata Institute of Social Science on open source animation tools.” Prof Phatak told The Hindu on Thursday. or 30 line programmes to write. 745 million (84 per cent) logged in to the network through. but in IIT Bombay.” Prof Phatak said. Prof Phatak said the IITBombayX platform will soon offer other courses like a course in agriculture designed by Hyderabad-based International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (Icrisat). adding that anyone from 15 year-old to 75-year-olds can register for the courses.9 billion. The results presented on Wednesday showed that the business branch of Facebook grew more last year and confirmed the success of the company to make the network more mobile-based. simply put IITBombayX stands for extended online educational services from IIT Bombay and IIT-style learning. nearly double the figure of 2013. Typing Book by Vivaan Sharma In other institutes. He said the IITBombayX courses will be initially offered in English and Hindi. Facebook has exceeded analysts‟ predictions with annual results of double the net profit posted by the company a year earlier — thanks to good business growth through mobile devices in 2014.” he said. computer programming students may be given 10. 20. but eventually in all Indian languages as the project expands nationally. the number of Facebook subscribers reached 890 million which meant a growth of 18 per cent compared to a year earlier. “A chemistry course by Dr. students write 200 to 250 line programmes. representing an increase of 58.2007 . Mangala Sunder of IIT Madras is also being planned. Of the total number of active daily users. and there is no limit on how many can enrol at a time. 16 percentage points more than in the same period in 2013. Sen has been appointed for a term of five years with immediate effect. “Kabeer”. marking an increase of 48. “Vivekananda”. a network that puts in contact exhibition platforms — mostly mobile applications — with advertisers.87 per share in electronic trading after the close of the markets in New York.20 in the same period the previous year. November and December. lyricist and composer. with $2.25 per share. Typing Book by Vivaan Sharma In addition.58 billion for the last quarter of 2013. During the three months of October. Facebook Mobile aims to penetrate emerging markets such as Latin America and Southeast Asia where not everyone has access to computers but where the use of smart phones is significantly increasing. Facebook‟s results. “Sanmanti”. It added that he is famous for his mono act musical plays “Tulsi”. Facebook shareholders earned profits of $0. compared to the $0. According to an order issued by the Culture Ministry on Wednesday. Sen was recently awarded the Padma Shri on Republic day for his contribution to the arts.8 billion. who was appointed by the UPA government. To take full advantage of this trend. the country's premier institution for the performing arts. revenues derived from advertising on mobile phones during the last quarter of 2014 accounted for 69 per cent of total revenue. “Saahab” and “Soordas” which have been highly acclaimed. “Sen has done many research-oriented musical programmes and rendered many significant bhajan albums since 1983 as singer.2010 .81 per cent to $74. while the company had a turnover of $3.6 per cent. quit on September 30 last year. Eminent singer and theatre director Shekhar Sen has been appointed the new chairman of the Sangeet Natak Akademi. Mr. the statement from the Ministry said. Mark Zuckerberg‟s company presented Facebook Audience Network last year. The Akademi has been without a head after earlier chairperson Leela Samson. however. did not meet investor expectations and the share price slipped by 1. which sells devices in India through e-commerce major Flipkart. the first company to take the online route for sales of its handsets in India. Boni replied in negative. but the Moto E and Moto G make up a large chunk of the sales. he added. the Bharatiya Janata Party‟s reforms agenda seems inseparable from — even if not organically linked to — the Hindutva project. Boni said. directed and enacted by him. starting with Bangalore. or worse. He has been the recipient of numerous State awards.” Mr. almost 80-85 per cent. seen as a distraction. Moto G and Moto X in the market. Motorola India General Manager Amit Boni said. “We are looking at setting up about 5-10 experience centres across various metros this year. Are economic reforms riding piggyback on the political appeal of Hindutva under the Narendra Modi government? Or is Hindutva being smuggled into a discourse in which growth and development alone matter? Either way. Motorola. Mr. currently sells three handsets in the country .Moto E. As a party. “We have crossed the three million device sales milestone. the BJP is many things to many people.” These centres are aimed at enabling customers to experience the touch and feel of the device before they make their buying decision. a hindrance. The three handsets are priced differently. Moto 360. And it would have to remain that way if it is to retain support in a country as diverse as India. on Thursday said it is looking at setting up offline experience centres in the country that would double as service centres. Asked if the company will sell devices via the offline route. often featuring him in the protagonist's role. beside a smartwatch.2010 . The company also announced that it has sold over 3 million devices in the country. He performed his play 'Kabeer' at the Lok Sabha in 2005. with many of those who are intent on pushing for the right-wing economic agenda uncomfortable with the antics of the Hindu religious right. Typing Book by Vivaan Sharma All his plays are written. Motorola. But the tensions are palpable. to make the distinction clear: if the reforms are to succeed over the long term. painful to push through. and when concepts like nation- building and national identity are sought to be constructed on a religious basis. and not ride on a communally divisive project. and make it the foremost right-wing neo-liberal party of India. and use the two sections in the service of each other. Steering this boat. This is when the leaders in the government and the party will try and force a compromise. fire in its belly. Whether those involved with Swarajya will be able to do what the BJP politicians are hesitant to undertake remains to be seen. Typing Book by Vivaan Sharma True.2002 . after all. and not in some other guise. with a growing and increasingly assertive middle class with. Hindutva would. Rearticulating the „Indian Right‟ point of view to an India that is now considered the youngest nation in the world (70 per cent of the country‟s population is said to be below the age of 35 based on the 2011 census). Politicians would rather not undo the yoking of these two different programmes. be politically sold to the aspiring middle classes as a facilitator of reforms. and the reforms would be pushed down the throat of the economically marginalised sections as a necessary adjunct of their political mobilisation. But for those who want to rescue the BJP from regressive Hindutva politics. It is for those interested in marketing the reforms as reforms. there are many who have a foot in both the camps. then. Economic reforms are. when the socio-political milieu is more in sync with discounting ideologies if not totally debunking them. the contradictions between the Hindutva project and the economic reforms project would become more evident. the challenge is to keep the two sets of agenda separate: to isolate the religious lumpen elements and not allow them to discredit the economic reforms. as they say. could well be an excruciating tightrope walk. they have to be their own justification. but in the days and months ahead. the minimal state and cultural rootedness.” says Mr. opinion and essays. Deb and his team are all set to shortly relaunch the Swarajya magazine. Those core principles will continue to guide the new Swarajya. one of the tallest leaders of the freedom movement and Mahatma Gandhi‟s „conscience keeper.” Mr. Big ambitions. while underscoring that Rajaji‟s vehicle of communication was “the first coherent and consistent intellectual response to Nehruvian socialism and the ever expanding Big State in newly independent India.” Mr. which was started in 1956 by the veteran journalist. Khasa Subba Rao. but thought processes. it was an extremely cold evening in Delhi as Mr. Deb.” Aiming at a formal launch in early February 2015. begin somewhere. to champion the cause of “individual liberty. Deb explained in an hour-long interview to The Hindu in New Delhi recently.” On January 15. Calling themselves “India‟s new liberal right. which they hope will redefine both tradition and modernity in India and give the country far greater self-esteem in the comity of nations. including commentary. who see in these testing times a great opportunity to rationally and humanely build a “liberal right- of-centre discourse. whose fame as an author spread with his book “The IITians: The Story of a Remarkable Indian Institution and How its Alumni are Reshaping the World. private enterprise. 59 years since its inception. Typing Book by Vivaan Sharma But the current scene is no sociology of melancholy or despair for an enthusiastic band of thought leaders led by noted writer and journalist Sandipan Deb. It will “naturally be a magazine of ideas. Rajagopalachari.2011 . Deb and I tried in vain to spot the noted Barista Coffee shop at Connaught Place. Swarajya in its new avatar will be a glossy monthly instead of a weekly. he said.‟ Rajaji gave Swarajya its Charter.” as he put it. have a strong digital presence and hopes to be on a par with magazines like The Economist in generating top quality content. popularly known as Rajaji. with the patronage of C. as a right-of-centre. retorted that he would rather use the word “classical liberal” than “conservative” because “we are for. Deb said. self-glorifying forays into the Sanskritic past as reflected in recent public statements like “the spaceship was invented in India. which are not usually associated with the term „conservative‟. politically. gender equality. but we are against lumpen Hinduism. Mr. Swarajya will also promote the scientific temper. real. conservative magazine. freedom of expression etc. Typing Book by Vivaan Sharma Then. the entire gamut of what it is to run a liberal journal now unfolded. uninformed. “the long liberal summer is over. individual freedom. whether they were by Aryabhatta. and we also hope to stand for. sans the Italian flavours.” Doctrinaire „Hindutva‟ is not to be conflated with being a simple Hindu. Madhava. human rights. we are in fact right-wing liberals — we will support gay rights for example. he argued.” However. The new editorial-director of Swarajya was unflinching to every query that this correspondent posed. but a certain sort of secularism which is not aimed at creating only vote banks. Deb acknowledged that in the last two decades.2013 . Deb. the right-wing debate in the Indian polity. are things that should be seriously studied. “We are not in any way embarrassed about being Hindu. Brahmagupta or the Kerala school of mathematicians. solid Indian advances made in mathematics and physics.” Mr. Again on the issue of secularism. and also Rajaji stood for.” I gently prodded Mr. but will not fall for uncritical. Reminded of the great literary critic George Steiner‟s memorable one-liner.. Deb as to how he saw the journal‟s revival “in the age of Hindutva” and religious extremism. as we settled down on the mezzanine floor of another quiet and sombrely lit café nearby. he made clear. “we are against mixing of religion with politics … We are for secularism.” he said. It was a totally different era when Rajaji started Swarajya in the mid-1950s. with both an IIT and IIM background. Mr. so too in India.2002 . They left shouting Allahu-Akbar. Some caution is justified when political personages are involved to avoid the impression of favouritism or vindictive targeting. thought and expression. Self-censorship in order not to hurt religious sensibilities is now the norm in most parts of the world. but it should not be at the cost of a free and impartial investigation. Since 2006. the publication continued to caricature Islam even after a firebombing in November 2011. the fundamentals on which all open. when it first published the Danish cartoons of Prophet Mohammed. just as it also relentlessly lampooned Christianity and Judaism — its Christmas week cover caricaturing the birth of Jesus was designed to provoke and cause offence. Ten staff members at the satirical weekly. hesitant and overcautious: a clear sign that it has been weighed down by the stature of Mr. The investigation has undoubtedly been tardy. The horrific terrorist attack in Paris at the office of the French magazine Charlie Hebdo is a direct assault on the freedom of speech. where media and expressions of popular culture including cinema. democratic societies are built. were gunned down by masked men who entered the building and targeted the editorial meeting in what seemed to be a well-planned and professional operation. Charlie Hebdo had been under threat of violent attacks by Islamist groups. Typing Book by Vivaan Sharma The formation of a special team to carry forward the probe from now on is a positive sign. Refusing to be intimidated. Sensitivity towards the privacy of individuals involved cannot detract from the quest for the truth. including four of its top cartoonists. art and writing have to walk the tightrope daily in deference to what Salman Rushdie in an interview to this newspaper described. Tharoor. but the lapse of nearly a year bodes ill for the prospects of gathering credible and relevant evidence to unearth the whole truth. killing two policemen on the street outside before driving off in a getaway car. world leaders laid thrust on renewable energy and sustainable development at the Vibrant Gujarat Summit here on Sunday. Maintaining freedoms and equality before the law in the face of a severe challenge to security is the most difficult test for any democratic polity and society. If the sizeable numbers of people adhering to the Muslim faith have been able to resist. Ban urged the Indian business community ―to lead the transformation we need to achieve sustainable development and inclusive growth. all who believe in freedom of expression and the democratic way of life must express solidarity with the magazine. double energy efficiency and double the use of renewable energy. While the inevitable security measures will have to be taken. IS or any other group. extremist ideology thrives best in a polarised society.2002 . Islamism. U. Typing Book by Vivaan Sharma Irrespective of what anyone thinks of its editorial policy. it would be most unfortunate if the attack on Charlie Hebdo were to give rise to a backlash against French Muslims. Mr. Attacking democratic freedoms is part of a larger agenda. Whether it is al-Qaeda. Praising Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s smart city initiative for encouraging the use of renewable energy and energy efficiency. it is because French republicanism has been able to surmount even the most divisive controversies.‖ ―India is in.‖ He set 2030 as the target to provide universal access to energy to all seven billion people in the world. and condemn this unspeakable act of violence against them. Raising concerns over the impact of climate change. That would result in precisely what Islamist groups want — an alienated Muslim population that would become a recruiting ground for their violent cause. such as the ban on wearing the hijab and niqab in public and the Islamophobic discourse by the French right-wing parties that surrounded it. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon urged investors to ―shape and agree on the post-2015 development agenda with a set of sustainable development goals.N. The customers were charged an entry fee of Rs. While Reliance Industries chief Mukesh Ambani said his group would invest Rs.1 lakh.‖ World Bank president Jim Yong Kim projected the Indian economy to grow 6. 20. two dozen cell phones. Secretary of State John Kerry sought India’s cooperation in ensuring sustainable development. The police on Sunday arrested 43 people.2006 . including 2500 foreign delegates from around 120 countries and about 30 world leaders from the field of politics and business. Besides a dozen bouncers. a kitchen and restrooms. Rs.20 lakh in cash. five Nepalese girls were hired on contract on a salary of Rs. raided the ―L‖ block house in the early hours.4 per cent this year.S. Only those known to the owners were permitted to visit the place. Large conglomerates from India and abroad announced huge investment and job creation plans. one of the owners and a resident of the area. Prime Minister Narendra Modi cited the Centre’s recent decisions to invite foreign investment in Railways. Modi said the country had ―democracy.000 per month to help and entertain the customers. Typing Book by Vivaan Sharma The Summit saw participation by 8.500 delegates. Mr. U. 20. branded liquor and a currency counting machine were seized from the spot. several police teams. ―The casino housed a bar. 1 lakh crore in 12-18 months across businesses. demography and demand. Defence and Insurance. including five Nepalese women. 3 lakh and the customers were served branded liquor and meals. from an illegal casino in the upmarket DLF Phase-II here. Saharan. Kumar Mangalam Birla of Aditya Birla Group announced investment plans for Rs. Projecting India as a 3D investment destination. two of whom have been arrested. Acting on a tip-off. Closed circuit. playing cards.‖ said Mr. Naresh Malhotra. under the supervision of Deputy Commissioner of Police (East) Deepak Saharan. reportedly told the police that the premises was taken on a monthly rent of Rs. The casino was being run by three men in partnership.000 crore in the State. the Dean added. with the facilities located adjacent to each other. additional manpower and Government permission was lacking. The Rs. It treats anywhere between 7.2003 . It is likely to be commissioned in April. others are from Gurgaon. Hospital Dean S. Faridabad and Bihar. one to remove the organ and another to transplant it. trauma and toxicology wards/departments besides Intensive Medical and Coronary Care Units to the new building will be a priority. A case under Excise and Gambling Acts has been registered at DLF-II police station. vascular surgery.200- odd in-patients. These include surgical gastroenterology. Conducting organ transplantation at CMCH has been a long-time demand of people of this region since only the private hospitals in Coimbatore performed complicated procedures.000 beds besides six modern operation theatres and several super speciality departments.000 outpatients every day besides the 1. the hospital has also sought an increase. Typing Book by Vivaan Sharma The casino was being run from the basement of the three-storey building. The new building will also have the infrastructure to facilitate organ transplantations. It will also have provisions to accommodate a catheterisation laboratory. with five blocks. 2012. Further. CMCH doctors said had the expertise but only infrastructure. rheumatology and endocrinology (surgical and medical). The Coimbatore Medical College Hospital (CMCH) is all set to become a 2. The CMCH is the tertiary referral centre for several Western districts and even border districts of Kerala such as Palakkad.000-bed facility this year. 57 crore-centenary building. zero-delay accident. medical oncology. Revwathy says shifting the casualty. It requires two operation theatres. It is also likely to accommodate some of the new super speciality departments that have been sought by the CMCH. The Public Works Department (Medical Wing) began construction of the extended facility on October 18. Most of those arrested belong to Delhi.000 and 8. will accommodate around 1. the government constituted an expert committee and there were two reports. which was a shopping arcade of its times. The report of Vishwanath and Mr. The restoration exercise has been split into two contracts. The consultant for the conservation work is the Indian Heritage Cities Network Foundation. The heritage structure. apart from embellishing the surrounding precincts. Vishwanath of the Karnataka Quality Control Authority (and who is now no more). 6 crore for the works.S. The government has sanctioned Rs. Mysore. Rahman stated that the decorative arches were in a dilapidated state but the foundation was intact with no. The original structure was constructed using brick and lime mortar. Bengaluru. and V. lacked maintenance and it partially collapsed in August 2012. of which one has been finalised and will be taken up. Typing Book by Vivaan Sharma Neuro-Surgery Department. of which Rs. After this incident. resulting in the death of four persons. has a built-up area of 1. head of IHCN.61 sq m. Govindan Kutty. With 54 shops on the ground floor and 42 shops in the first floor. and the first floor had a Madras Terrace that was replaced with Reinforced Cement Concrete. Revwathy. including its portico. the structure. Soon after the collapse of the heritage structure. which has only two assistant surgeons to perform emergency operations to the ever-increasing number of road traffic accident victims in the region.183. said Dr. who was then the vice-principal of SJCE. One report was submitted by a team headed by C. Syed Shakeeb Ur Rahman.2003 . Lansdowne Building was constructed in 1892 to commemorate the visit of British Viceroy Sir Lansdowne and his wife to the city. Chief Minister Siddaramaiah launched the restoration work of the Lansdowne Building and performed the ground-breaking ceremony here on Sunday. it has been out of bounds for the public. 3 crore will be utilised for the restoration of the heritage structure while the remaining sum will be used for underground drainage work and providing electricity. has alleged that India is using Afghanistan soil to carry out attacks on Pakistan. last date for filing nomination would be January 21. then it should compromise on Kashmir. adviser to Pakistan Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif on national security and foreign affairs. the EC said. Typing Book by Vivaan Sharma Voting for Delhi assembly elections will be held on February 7 (Saturday) and the counting will be held on February 10 (Tuesday). As per the SC order on Nota. formed to probe.2001 . the date for scrutiny would be January 22 and the last date for withdrawal of nominations would be January 24. 11. "In order to restore mandate of people. which were not acceptable to Pakistan. Sartaj Aziz also criticized the Modi government's non-cooperative attitude on the India-Pakistan talks.3 crore voters will vote to elect candidates from 70 constituencies in the national capital." chief election commissioner VS Sampath said. In an interview to Dawn TV. "The stance of the previous governments in India was subtle. the Election Commission announced on Monday. Sampath said that the option to not vote for any candidate will be provided in all electronic voting machines. "The notification for the polls would be done on January 14. Sartaj Aziz. Sartaj Aziz also added that the Modi government wanted resumption of stalled India-Paksitan talks on its own terms and conditions. The special investigation team (SIT). the election results will be known before February 15. however. also admitted that the India's involvement had decreased since the adoption of a joint Pakistan-Afghan policy to not to let their soils be used against each other. Sartaj Aziz said that Pakistan would not differentiate between 'good' and 'bad' Taliban and both civil and military were on the same page when it came to dealing with terrorists." "1. but the Modi- led government said that if Pakistan is to maintain good ties with India." Sampath said. Addressing a press conference.763 polling stations have been set up across Delhi." Aziz told dawn. Sartaj Aziz. Gujarat has an opportunity to gain significantly from the fresh impetus in Indo-US ties." John Kerry said. "Obama is really happy to be the first US President to be visiting India twice. Tharoor was staying at an Ayurveda treatment centre in Guruvayur for the last 15 days. When asked that whether Shashi Tharoor will be questioned regarding his wife's alleged murder. the Delhi Police chief said that nothing has been decided yet. It be extrapolated to rest of India. a source said on Sunday. we reviewed the progress of our economic relationship and how to take it ahead. "PM Narendra Modi has built a reputation by building efficiency." John Kerry said. is looking at all angles in the case. "The investigation is in its primary stage and we can't come to a decision so early." Kerry said. US secretary of sate John Kerry said on Monday that the US is working with India to strengthen its fight against terrorism. Typing Book by Vivaan Sharma MP Shashi Tharoor's wife Sunanda Pushkar. Congress MP Shashi Tharoor returned to Delhi on Sunday. "I am impressed with what I have seen during the Vibrant Gujarat summit." Kerry said.2000 . Just exactly who they are hasn't been revealed yet. John Kerry also said that "we are committed to work with India to reach." "The US investment in India have risen from $2. "The US will work towards PM Narendra Modi vision to supplying 24/7 electricity to India. by streamlining bureaucracy. The MP is likely to be questioned sometime this week along with a politician and a senior police officer.4 billion to $28 billion. The source also said that a formal notice may not be served to Tharoor if he becomes available to record his statement before police. Delhi Police chief BS Bassi said on Monday. John Kerry said. trying to make decisions faster." the US secretary of sate said. Kerry said that "during my discussion with PM Modi and other officials." Bassi said. Speaking at the Vibrant Gujarat summit. Kerry also said that he had discussions with PM Modi as President Obama is visiting India. The 18% returns from equities that year didn't help much as these funds had only a small portion of their corpus in stocks. As on November 30.2006 . The police suspect the family died of suffocation from the smoke emanating from the burning of coal in an urn in the bedroom. These calculations are based on SIP returns on monthly contributions from inception till December 2014. They reached late. The Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority (PFRDA) allows NPS managers to invest up to 15% in equities. but NPS ( National Pension System) investors have finally joined the party in the capital markets. As bond yields shot up in 2013-14. The NPS schemes for the general public have also done very well. while the average state government scheme has delivered 10.6%. The average NPS fund for Central government workers has given 10. Three pension funds manage this gigantic corpus. But the higher returns have been accompanied by greater volatility. but no pension fund manager has ever hit that ceiling. the SIP returns of the average Central government fund was 5. Typing Book by Vivaan Sharma A 55-year-old man.500 crore invested in NPS. The NPS funds did very well in 2012-13.35% returns since launch.84%. which is almost 92% of the assets under management (AUM) of the NPS. The high returns should be music to the ears of the estimated 36 lakh government employees (14 lakh central government and 22 lakh state government) who have nearly Rs 53.9%.4% while the average state government fund grew only 4. but gave pathetic returns in the following year. while the corporate bond fund has given 10. the central government scheme of UTI Retirement Solution. Gilt funds have given average returns of 9.6%.9%. his wife and daughter were found dead in their house near Kabirbaug in Narayan Peth on Sunday morning. thanks to the bullishness in the equity markets and the recent rally in bonds. 2014. An analysis by ET shows that NPS schemes have generated better returns than the provident fund. The average equity fund has generated 14. 2000 . a MeT official said. Therefore. The chances of snowfall are maximum and most frequent during this period which leads to rise in night temperatures. PF managers keep a lower allocation to stocks. The Valley is currently under the grip of 'Chillai-Kalan' which began on December 21." says Manoj Nagpal. better than the 20% delivered by the equity funds in the period. This is due to the bond rally in 2014. NPS funds have given good returns in the first nine months of 2014-15. weather in the Valley continues to remain dry and cold. the E class (equity) funds have done well with average SIP returns of 14. bringing respite from the cold wave conditions. which otherwise intensify due to dry weather in winters.1% in April 2014 to around 7. But this compromises the long-term return potential of the scheme. The Meteorological Department has said there is a possibility of light rain or snowfall at isolated places in the state over the next 24 hours. The dry weather has resulted in increased cases of cough. Cold wave conditions continued unabated in Kashmir Valley with minimum temperatures hovering below freezing point. The average SIP return of the gilt funds in 2014- 15 is close to 22%. Despite the conservative allocation. Typing Book by Vivaan Sharma "The unsaid benchmark use for the central government NPS is the EPFO rate of return. known as 'Chillai-Kalan'. head of marketing and business development at Zyfin Advisors and founder CEO of Outlook Asia Capital. has passed. In the NPS segment for the private sector. The 10-year benchmark bond yield fell 135 basis points — from 9. They should ideally increase the exposure to equity. ET looked at the returns of four types of investors in the past three fiscals and since launch (see table).8% by the end of 2014 — pumping adrenaline into the NAVs of funds overweight on government bonds.6% since the scheme was thrown open to the public in May 2009. Even as more than half of the 40-day harshest winter period in Kashmir. causing severe problems to the residents. flu. France will deploy nearly 5. Amedy Coulibaly.1 degrees Celsius. pesky power cuts and development of a thin layer of frost on roads due to severe cold. As it emerged that Cherif Kouachi met Coulibaly in prison. probably received help from someone else.000 security forces and police to protect the 700 Jewish schools in the country.Said Kouachi and his brother Cherif Kouachi . Typing Book by Vivaan Sharma The problems of the residents in the Valley are compounded by freezing of water taps. Many water bodies. who killed a policewoman in southern Paris then four Jewish shoppers in a hostage drama. down by about a degree from the previous night's minus 2.stormed the offices of Charlie Hebdo satirical weekly. In a move that will benefit lakhs of students and impact over 400 universities across the country. the University Grants Commission has mandated the introduction of grading system from 2015-16. including the famous Dal Lake. Interior minister Bernard Cazeneuve promised to boost security at Jewish institutions. recorded a low of minus 3. slaughtering 12 people. Srinagar. With the weather remaining dry. which came just two days after two other gunmen . the minimum temperatures in Kashmir and Ladakh region continued to remain below freezing point. It has directed universities to standardize their. were partially frozen as the bone-chilling cold intensified. a MET department spokesman said. Manuel Valls said. Valls said France would move to isolate Islamist detainees from the rest of the prisoner population.2003 . the summer capital of Jammu and Kashmir. so as to prevent jails from being used as a breeding ground for radicals. The Jewish community has been particularly shaken by Friday's attack on the kosher supermarket in eastern Paris. telling parents of a Jewish school to the south of Paris that soldiers would also be posted as reinforcements. as Prime Minister ManuelValls said that the gunman who attacked a kosher supermarket probably had an accomplice.2 degrees Celsius. pledging "the hunt will go on". 2014. The institute had constituted an inquiry panel to probe the charges and sent the professor on leave. the girls had lodged a complaint with the IIT director alleging that the professor wanted them to visit his chamber frequently. and threatened to spoil their career by awarding poor marks. The BOG. As part of the punishment. took the decision on the basis of inquiry report by a seven-member committee. Under CBCS. such as dean or head of any department or committee in the institute. "The institute followed the laid down procedures for such an allegation with due diligence. elective and core. Sources said the IIT took action against the professor this weekend after the minutes of a meeting of the board of governors (BOG) held in New Delhi in December reached here. even at night. the teacher can never hold any administrative post." Roy told TOI on Sunday. students will pursue three types of courses . some universities follow the credit system for courses at different levels. The faculty member concerned was censured and issued certain strictures. The new move will provide wider options for students to learn and ensure their seamless mobility across institutions. The regulatory body has directed universities to introduce the choice-based credit system (CBCS) and credit framework for skill development (CFSD). Students must pursue core subjects every semester. IIT Bhubaneswar (IITBBS) has 'censured' a professor for mental harassment of two M Tech girls. IITBBS director Sujit Roy said the case had reached a logical conclusion.foundation. many universities follow the numerical marking system. under the chairmanship of S K Roongta. It is a closed chapter for us now. and can pick electives from a pool of subjects unrelated to their disciplines. The professor was already a dean and founder head of a department since 2009 when the. On April 27. Typing Book by Vivaan Sharma Currently. Currently.2001 . The move comes following a meeting last week between state education ministers and HRD minister Smriti Irani. brightened when at a recent meeting with American diplomats. After it shout down the border gates for passage of American and its allies' supplies. Typing Book by Vivaan Sharma When US President Barack Obama convened NATO summit in Chicago. a cumbersome task full of challenges.000 containers through Pakistan's Torkham gate border alone. It may be remembered that before Islamabad closed down its ground routes. As such Pakistan along with some other 30 countries. agenda for this two-day summit was fixed: America and its allies were to draw a roadmap for foreign troops' withdrawal from Afghanistan before the 2014 deadline. Thinking that the summit would allow a chance for a bilateral meeting with the US President and thus enhance his political stature back home. however. Such effective transportation of goods through Pakistan helped the US in undermining challenges from the Taliban and Al Qaeda in the South Asian country. demanded thousands of dollars per truck for smooth passage of supplies in to Afghanistan. Prospect. American rejected the demand. it was trumped up as an important meet of America and its allies. including Afghanistan and Russia was invited to participate in the summit. Pakistan. . It was presumed that a meeting between Pakistani counterpart would perhaps help in resolving the issue. But the US President who has made troops' pull-put from Afghanistan. Pakistani authorities said they could think of reopening land routes provided the US and its allies paid charges for this. in protest against killing of 24 Pakistani soldiers in air strikes by US and its allies. Islamabad has shut down its ground routes for NATO supplies to Afghanistan. Since November last year. according to sources. In fact. the US and NATO chose Central Asian routes to ferry goods to Afghanistan. the US could move 35. Pakistan President Asif Ali Zardari failed to realize that dealing with Americans in the background of Pakistan's stated position on reopening of ground routes for supplies to Afghanistan would be a tricky matter. major part of the income is spent on economic development programmes which too increases national income as well as per capita income. check business booms and depression and also maintain full employment. Restrict Unnecessary Consumption: Another objective of taxation is to restrict the unnecessary consumption particularly of harmful commodities. One of the main objectives of taxation is to make savings more dynamic and promote capital formation. On the other hand. Political Objectives: Particularly in democratic countries taxation is used as a weapon for attaining political objectives. Increase in National Income: Another objective of taxation is to increase the national income. This increase in production leads to increase in national income of the country along with increase in per capita income. such as wine. Thus. thus. Tax is the main source of the government income. This income is used for productive purposes and thereby overall production is increased. In underdeveloped countries. In underdeveloped countries. With particular reference to underdeveloped and developing countries. Low rate of taxation during a business depression shall accelerate more income to the people and help in raising demand and. For instance. high rates of taxes and additional taxes may be useful to check inflationary pressure on prices. lower and middle-class voters may be attracted by imposing high taxes on rich people and luxury goods and nominal or no taxes on goods consumed by poor and middle-class people. tax policy may be used as a regulatory mechanism to achieve price stability. revive business activity. . Promoting Capital Formation: Another objective of taxation is the promotion of capital formation. Typing Book by Vivaan Sharma Bringing Business Stability and Maintaining Full Employment Conditions: Another main objective of taxation is to bring about business stability and maintain full employment conditions. the savings can easily directed towards production and capital formation through the assistance of taxation. the levels of consumer protection that each type of card provides can be different. in most cases your checking account. so all direct taxes fall heavily on the people whose income. When you use your debit card to make a purchase. Both types of cards can be swiped at the checkout counter. they usually just had your bank name. In addition you will also pay interest on the money "loaned" to you at the rate which you agreed to when you applied for their credit card. is automatically debited when you use your debit card. While the two . Today debit cards look exactly like credit cards even carrying the same logos. The account that is attached to your debit card. Their burden is equitably distributed as they are progressive in nature. The card you use at the ATM is known as a debit card. hardware or convenience store. you agree to pay them back the money you borrowed to make your purchase. your account number and your name. On the other hand. As the income of a person increases. While the two cards might act and look alike. Fortunately the days of the mad rush to get cash from the bank are long gone We now enjoy the convenience of using a nearby automatic teller machine (ATM) or you can even get "cash back" at your local grocery. Typing Book by Vivaan Sharma Maintenance of Proper Standard: Another objective of taxation is the maintenance of proper standard. usually a banking institution. Debit cards didn't have a credit card company logo on them. used to make purchases on the internet. when you use your credit card to make a purchase you are using someone's else's money. it's just like using cash. or to pay for the fill up at the gas pump. Equitable: Direct taxes are based on the canon of equity. When debit cards first appeared it was easy to tell them apart from credit cards. The cost of your purchase is deducted from the funds you have in that account. instead. specifically the issuer of the credit card. This is known as the annual percentage rate (APR). the rate of income tax also increases. In effect. but only if you notify the issuer within two business days of discovering the card's loss or theft. The protection offered to debit card fraud is similar but with a few exceptions. Your liability for debit card fraud can jump up to Rs. MasterCard and Visa offer zero-liability protection where you won't pay any charges if someone uses your credit card to make an unauthorized purchase. return receipt requested. Visa and MasterCard zero-liability protection applies to your debit card but only for transactions that do not involve the use of your PIN (personal identification number). your liability under federal law is limited to Rs. 50 (for example) of unauthorized charges. Therefore. If the credit card is not physically present when an authorized or fraudulent purchase is made. 500 if you don't report the loss or theft within two business days. after you're contacted them by phone to protect your consumer rights. For example. Also be aware that you should contact your card issuer by certified letter. most experts agree that you should use your debit card for the same of purchases you'd make as if you were using cash. you could be totally liable for any fraudulent debit card charges if you wait 60 days or more from the time your statement is mailed. Typing Book by Vivaan Sharma Under federal law. it makes more sense to use your debit . And if you are the type of person that gives a passing glance to your monthly bank statement. 50. you're also free from liability for those charges. As for which card to use for that type of purchase. the same as for a credit card. such as over the internet. if you notify the credit card issuer before a thief is able to make any charges you may be free from all liability. Additional protection against fraudulent use of your credit or debit cards may be available through your homeowner's or renter's insurance. if someone steals your credit card you're only responsible to pay the first Rs. However. Check your policy or with your agent for more information about your coverage. it can be said that the cardholder has at his disposal 'instant credit' upto a fixed limit whenever he needs it. hip-swinging Elvis wall clock arrives broken. limited edition. as they open up relationship with merchants. inconveniences and dangers. If you gold-plated. the Centre is keen to go ahead with its Land Acquisition Bill which they claim is mandatory for the purposes of infrastructure and industrial development. You will find it much easier to dispute a charge when you use your credit card. even if your banking institution could really use a gold-plated. limited edition. the Centre was has refused to accept suggestions of a parliamentary committee that prohibits acquisition of land for private companies. Recommendations of the committee took the policymakers by surprise. To the Card Holder: The small and attractive plastic credit cards are very easy to carry and they shopping. Advantages in Using Credit Cards. Even as a vociferous lobby is pushing hard towards land acquisition. your credit card company will remove the charge until the problem resolved. hip-swinging Elvis wall clock of their very own. They are also useful marketing tools. contrary to this suggestion. Numbers of fringe benefits are available to the credit card holder. Typing Book by Vivaan Sharma Avoid using your debit card for any online purchase or for something which is expensive. It has increased the purchasing power and has also become a status symbol to holder. To the Issuer: The credit cards enable the issuer to provide a fuller service to their customers. without the burden of carrying wards of currency notes with its inherent risks. With your debit card you are stuck dealing with the merchant directly to resolve any problems with a purchase. In short. The advantages and acceptability of credit cards from the customer's view point vary from that of a banker or member establishments. Now. Union Rural Development minister Jairam Ramesh and Union Law minister Salman Khurshid ruled out any such possibility as recommended . Maratha strongman and an important UPA allay.The parliamentary committee had recommended that the government need not acquire land for PPPs or the private sector. it should not acquire land either. So this (acquisition) has to happen. allowing the government to acquire land for PPP projects. "We cannot think of industrialization or starting of any Public Private Partnership (PPP) projects in the absence of acquisition of land by the state. whose thrust is on urbanization and industrialization." said Sharad Pawar.long fast on Sunday protesting against corruption. However. It also argued that no country in the world other than India acquires land for private companies. Anna Hazare and yoga guru Baba Ramdev sat on a day. The Rural Development minister said that India would not have industrialized to the extent it did without support of the government's land acquisition policy. There is no way out. specific provisions for compensation have been made to compensate land owners in case of acquisition of land. Typing Book by Vivaan Sharma Nationalist Congress Party (NCP) president Sharad Pawar favoured the acquisition of land by the state governments. Ramdev began his campaign by issuing a warning to the government to get ready for "fight to the finish" by . The draft Bill proposes adequate compensation in terms of subsistence allowance. Jairam Ramesh rejected the suggestion to delete a clause in the Land Acquisition Bill. He also said the government would not compromise with the fundamental principles in the Bill. Hazare and Ramdev arrived at the protest venue of Jantar Mantar together this morning after visiting Mahatma Gandhi's memorial and Shahid Park.Attacking the UPA government and threatening a fight to the finish by August on the issue of black money. Every project will come to standstill. The committee argued that since the government did not acquire capital or manpower for the private sector. In their first appearance on a public platform after a year. whose view matters on every crucial issue. Meanwhile. the puzzle with regard to black money will be solved. which can allegedly be used by people to stash away black money. You have to be politically honest too. You have to take care of the political. Typing Book by Vivaan Sharma But you hold the high constitutional post. The protest also had its share of drama when a man in his late twenties and claiming to be a 'volunteer' of Team Anna. it was "ideal" but "when we talk about it. the country will not accept it. If the government names the actual investors of FDI. then we are called "khalnayaks (villains)"." he said in an apparent reference to Foreign Institution Investors (FII)." Ramdev told his supporters. Seeking answers to the fall of the rupee and dipping GDP from finance minister Pranab Mukherjee. Ramdev claimed that FDI worth Rs 20 lakh crore held the "key" to people involved in stashing away black money abroad. tried to attempt self-immolation alleging that he was mistreated by prominent members of India Against Corruption." he told reporters. who were waiving the tricolour.. minister of state for parliamentary affairs Harish Rawat said Team Anna and Ramdev were free to voice their concern against corruption but they cannot be allowed to "destroy" the existing institutions to tackle graft. if they want to destroy the existing institutions. Before beginning his fast. he told reporters that he was intensifying the protest to bring back black money stashed away abroad and "I want the countrymen to be part of the fight to finish by August". In his address. . "Your personal honesty is not enough. constitutional and democratic responsibility. Ramdev also invoked the name of Rajiv Gandhi saying when the former prime minister talked about only 15 paise out of a rupee reaching the beneficiaries. You have to keep your Cabinet honest. Then people will respect you (more). But Anna Hazare and Ramdev should understand that in the name of fighting corruption.. Ramdev said the Indian Economy. "They have full freedom to voice concern against corruption.. " he said. It also disapproved of Modi’s reported insistence on resignation of Sanjay Joshi from the BJP’s national executive last week. The association with Ramdev had been opposed by a section within Team Anna on the ground that the yoga guru was facing corruption charges. From Team Anna." he said. “It seems Narendra Modi needs to review his style of working and organisational ability. The dais had a picture of Rajbala who died following injuries suffered by her during the police action last year at Ramlila grounds.. said it was being felt that Modi needed to do a rethink about organisational capabilities. We need to remove the archaic laws and have swadeshi laws. We are not against anyone.. "Even Mahatma Gandhi had said that India needs its own laws. an article in the organisation’s mouthpiece has indicated that the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) has several prime ministerial candidates. The article. The article assumes significance because its author Devendra Swaroop is a former editor of Panchjanaya and has access to views of the RSS insiders. Kiran Bedi and Manish Sisodia were the prominent members who joined Hazare and Ramdev in the day-long fast. Arvind Kejriwal. which figures in the latest issue of Panchjanaya.. those in the power and leaders of the ruling party maintain that laws are not made on the streets. Typing Book by Vivaan Sharma Recalling the police crackdown on his supporters last year. .. But we still have British era laws like the one on land acquisition and the Police Act.” it said. "Whenever we talk of corruption. Modi could not control his unhappiness towards a fellow RSS functionary is a mystery. In an apparent disapproval by the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) of Gujarat Chief Minister Narendra Modi’s style of working. Ramdev claimed efforts by the government to tarnish the image of Team Anna members and his aides had failed to break the movement against corruption. There is no family feud. “The role of Narendra Modi in the Sanjay Joshi episode at BJP’s national executive meeting in Mumbai is worth considering…why despite having faith in the Sangh. Ramdev claimed it was "Ravan lila" played out at the Ramlila grounds. This is the first time that Ramdev and Hazare are sitting on a joint fast. . When the crude oil prices are coming down in the international market. Advani said in his blog that people were angry with the Congress-led government but they were upset with the BJP too. it said that the BJP had several chief ministers and central leaders who were capable of being its prime ministerial candidates.” the aide said. “She requested him to think over a rollback. He has said that he will look into the matter. Modi apparently insisted that he would attend the conclave only if his bete noire Joshi resigned from the party’s national executive and the party bowed to his demand.K. saying “the mood within the party is not upbeat”. West Bengal Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee Saturday requested Prime Minister Manmohan Singh to ensure its complete rollback. In a dig at Modi’s prime ministerial ambitions. The article in the RSS mouthpiece slamming Modi’s action at the BJP executive close to veteran BJP leader L.” the article said. then why is there an oil price hike in India? Why shouldn’t the hiked prices be completely rolled back?” a close aide quoted Banerjee as saying. “We are not happy with this partial cut in petrol prices by Rs. “It allowed opponents of the BJP to speak against Modi. Banerjee Saturday made the request to Manmohan Singh during his brief visit to the city. “The chief minister has told Dr. Advani launching an attack on party president Nitin Gadkari. It also attacked Modi over media reports about Joshi changing his travel plans and boarding a plane instead of going by train after the Mumbai meeting as the train would have touched places in Gujarat. But it said that the decision should be taken by the the parliamentary party after the party won the Lok Sabha election. Expressing her dissatisfaction over the partial cut in the petrol price hike. Typing Book by Vivaan Sharma He made Joshi’s presence a prestige issue and allowed the media to attack the BJP and the Sangh.” it said.2 per litre.” the official Trinamool Congress website said. Singh to see that there is a total roll back. Typing Book by Vivaan Sharma In a partial rollback.2 a litre with effect from midnight Saturday after crude prices softened in the global market. come what may. Banerjee also demanded a “national status” for the annual Ganga Sagar Mela held at the Sagar Island of South 24-Parganas. She was kidnapped May 22. were safe. So far the Congress has displayed sphinx-like silence on its ultimate choice. The prime minister confirmed all four hostages. Banerjee earlier led a protest rally of several thousands here.” The decks have been cleared for the race to Raisina Hills following Nationalist Congress Party leader P A Sangma's categorical assertion that he will contest for the Presidential post. Prime Minister David Cameron described the raid as “extraordinarily brave” and “breath-taking” after Helen Johnston was freed in the morning by the country’s special forces. The Sun reported. the report said. Johnston’s family said: “We are delighted and hugely relieved by the wonderful news that Helen and all her colleagues have been freed. oil marketing companies cut petrol prices by Rs. In a statement. While . A number of British Special Air Service (SAS) troops were reportedly involved in the operation. Samajwadi Party supermo Mulayam Singh Yadav's presence at a function to mark three years of UPA's rule has seemingly increased the comfort level of the Congress in handling number games for the presidential post. easing pressure on a government that faced a political backlash for the hike in the petrol prices 10 days ago. Johnston was freed along with three other hostages in an early morning mission. In a significant move. asking the central government to roll back the increased petroleum prices. including Kenyan Moragwe Oirer and two Afghan civilians. Cameron personally authorised the operation to liberate Johnston from a cave Friday afternoon over rising fears for her safety. British troops in Afghanistan managed to save a 28-year-old woman British aid worker along with three others in Afghanistan Saturday. " Along with old probable like Hamid Ansari. But if it is still Pranab’s name on everyone's lips.. By then. Meanwhile. With shadow of concern over Manmohan With . hectic backroom parleys are going on. "I favour a political person for this position. Even as the National Democratic Alliance spruces up its act. his "indispensability factor" to the UPA has come to the force. Typing Book by Vivaan Sharma While a resolute and contrite Sangma has assured Tamil Nadu Chief Minister J Jayalalithaa and Odisha Chief Minister Naveen Panaik about how serious he is on contesting. Both were equally optimistic that only the UPA can muster adequate numbers to secure the victory of their candidates." said Yadav. the Bharatiya Janta Party's national executive would have indicated its mind after deliberation on the issue in Mumbai. While as far as a section of the meida is concerned. setting the tone for Presidential elections in July. Both the top UPA allies firmly argued on these lines at the Prime Minister's residence on May 22.. Pawar has got firm support from Samajwadi Party chief Mulayam Singh Yadav on this issue. old political angularities are likely to impact the Raisina Hills endgame. other names that are doing the rounds include Karan Singh and Gopal Krishna Gandhi. thus creating a flutter in political parlance. The political concurrence that has emerged between Pawar and Mulyam Singh Yadav is considered to be significant. senior Congress leader Pranab Mukerjee continues to be the frontrunner. but we have to tread carefully because we do not want any post announcement embarrassment. and sought to engage in course-correction by apologizing to UPA chairperson Sonia Gandhi for his outbursts on her foreign origin a few years ago. A senior functionary of the mother party told this periodical: "It is not that we are indecisive and confused. Maratha strongman Sharad Pawar has created a buzz by his rejection of party colleague P A Sangma for the Presidential slot. the eventual outcome will be clear by this weekend. Probably. We should keep faith the hard work. Samajwadi Party supremo Mulayam Singh Yadav had. wrong as we have often done in the past. engineers and scientists. More space was given to the PM on the issue. ingenuity and resilience of our farmers. And it was clearly there when she at a function held at the Prime Minister's residence to mark three years of the UPA rule. In fact. This is the occasion when need to reiterate our commitment for progress and ensure speedy delivery. workers. By making his presence at the function. While it signaled major political development. I am convinced that we will prove the doomsayers. rural development and social sectors. asked the Congress leaders as well as ministerial colleagues for soul searching. who claim that India's economy is in retreat. there was no prevarication when she told her party leaders that they should ensure better delivery in implementation of projects. He enumerated more. Trinamool Congress chief Mamata Banerjee was absent. We have pursued this objective by enhancing fund fro agriculture. . it seems to have fallen on Congress chief Sonia Gandhi's shoulder to remind UPA's stakeholders about the need for course correction. her take was sharp and incisive." The PM highlighted how MNREGA now reaches one of every five households in the country. yet it didn't rescue those occupying seats of power as well as those in the party's organization hierarchy from the hard message of Sonia. He came out with an emphatic statement: "Notwithstanding the difficulties that we are facing." she thundered. industrialists. Typing Book by Vivaan Sharma With shadow of concern over Manmohan Singh-led UPA II government's performance looming large. however compensated the absence of Mamata. "Barely two years are left to seek a fresh mandate two years are left to seek a fresh mandate and this is not possible by making vacuous promises alone. Uttar Pradesh Assembly poll's disastrous outcome had significant proved this point which is still fresh in the memory of every Congressman. adequate nutrition and safety of individual are important measures of a healthy and reasonably long life. these are great achievements.” In this chapter.3 years for females from 1951 to 1999. “Fundamentals of Human Geography.1 during the same years. The other significant features of the report are. it also succeeded in increasing life expectancy at birth from 37.8 to 26. indicators and approaches to human development and methods of calculating the index in your book. poverty. with the exception of Kerala.1 per thousand in 1951 to 8.1 years to 62. let us try to understand the applicability of these concepts. The findings of 2001 Census of India are very disturbing particularly in case of child sex ratio between 0-6 age groups. Similarly. Availability of pre and post natal health care facilities in order to reduce infant mortality and post delivery deaths among mothers. but it still is much higher than many developed countries The situation is more alarming when seen in the context of gender specific and rural and urban health indicators. a lot needs to be done. It has also done reasonably well in bringing down birth rate from 40. You have already studied the concepts. What factors are responsible for it? Is it the social attitude or scientific methods of sex- determination? Freedom from hunger.2 to 65. India has done reasonably well in some of the health indicators like decline in death rate from 25. India has recorded declining female sex ratio.3 years for males and 36. illiteracy and any other forms of domination is the key to human development. .1 per thousand in 1999 and infant mortality from 148 per thousand to 70 during the same period. Though. the child sex ratio has declined in all the states and it is the most alarming in the developed state of Haryana and Punjab where it is below 800 female children per thousand male children. Typing Book by Vivaan Sharma Life free from illness and ailment and living a reasonably long life span are indicative of a healthy life. ignorance. old age health care. but a fundamental right may only be changed by amending the Constitution itself. natural that when India became independent and the Constitution was being prepared. The word fundamental suggests that these rights are so important that the Constitution has separately listed them and made special provisions for their protection. there were no two opinions on the inclusion and protection of rights in the Constitution. The skill gaps at the level of designers. Fundamental Rights are different from other rights available to us. Typing Book by Vivaan Sharma The leaders of the freedom movement had realized the importance of rights and demanded that the British rulers should respect rights of the people. Besides this. It was therefore. judiciary has the powers and responsibility to protect the fundamental rights from violations by actions of the government. Ordinary rights may be changed by the legislature by ordinary process of law making. As we shall study below in this chapter. It is estimated that leather industry will require at least one millions additional man power in the next five years. Executive as well as legislative actions can be declared illegal by the judiciary if these violate the fundamental rights or restrict them in an unreasonable manner. With the expansion . Fundamental rights are not absolute or unlimited rights. Government can put reasonable restrictions on the exercise of our fundamental rights. Fundamental Rights are protected and guaranteed by the constitution of the country. While ordinary legal rights are protected and enforced by ordinary law. no organ of the government can act in a manner that violates them. The Motilal Nehru committee had demanded a bill of rights as far back as in 1928. The Constitution listed the rights that would be specially protected and called them „fundamental rights‟. technologists and management professionals are more stark and demanding. The Fundamental Rights are so important that the Constitution itself ensures that they are not violated by the government. This authority of the court is seen as an effective protection to the judges from unfair criticism. The appointment of judges has never been free from political controversy. The judges have a fixed tenure. In order to be appointed as a judge. Parliament cannot discuss the conduct of the judges except when the proceeding to remove a judge is being carried out. Typing Book by Vivaan Sharma The Indian Constitution has ensured the independence of the judiciary through a number of measures. This gives the judiciary independence to adjudicate without fear of being criticized. The judiciary has the power to penalize those who are found guilty of contempt of court. The actions and decisions of the judges are immune from personal criticisms. Parliament cannot discuss the conduct of the judges except when . Thus. The Constitution provides that the salaries and allowances of the judges are not subjected to the approval of the legislature. It is part of the political process. Security of tenure ensures that judges could function without fear or favors. judges may be removed. The Constitution makers believed that a difficult procedure of removal would provide security of office to the members of judiciary. Political opinions of the person or his/ her political loyalty should not be the criteria for appointments to judiciary. The Constitution prescribes a very difficult procedure for removal of judges. a person must have experience as a lawyer and/or must be well versed in law. The legislature is not involved in the process of appointment of judges. The judiciary has the power to penalize those who are found guilty of contempt of court. it was believed that party politics would not play a role in the process of appointments. The judiciary is not financially dependent on either the executive or legislature. This authority of the court is seen as an effective protection to the judges from unfair criticism. Only in exceptional cases. But they have security of tenure. They hold office till reaching the age of retirement. In order to be appointed as a judge. But they have security of tenure. They hold office till reaching the age of retirement. This authority of the court is seen as an effective protection to the judges from unfair criticism. The legislature is not involved in the process of appointment of judges. As we shall study below in this chapter. This gives the judiciary independence to adjudicate without fear of being criticized. it was believed that party politics would not play a role in the process of appointments. . Only in exceptional cases. The Constitution makers believed that a difficult procedure of removal would provide security of office to the members of judiciary. The judges have a fixed tenure. The actions and decisions of the judges are immune from personal criticisms. judges may be removed. Typing Book by Vivaan Sharma The Indian Constitution has ensured the independence of the judiciary through a number of measures. a person must have experience as a lawyer and/or must be well versed in law. Besides this. Thus. Parliament cannot discuss the conduct of the judges except when the proceeding to remove a judge is being carried out. The appointment of judges has never been free from political controversy. The Constitution prescribes a very difficult procedure for removal of judges. The Constitution provides that the salaries and allowances of the judges are not subjected to the approval of the legislature. Security of tenure ensures that judges could function without fear or favors. It is part of the political process. The judiciary has the power to penalize those who are found guilty of contempt of court. judiciary has the powers and responsibility to protect the fundamental rights from violations by actions of the government. Political opinions of the person or his/ her political loyalty should not be the criteria for appointments to judiciary. no organ of the government can act in a manner that violates them. The judiciary is not financially dependent on either the executive or legislature. On a variety of pleas. This perception was aggravated by the activities of Christian missionaries. but many other kingdoms and principalities like Jhansi and Satara. colleges and universities which taught Western sciences and the liberal arts. . their faiths and convictions. Once these territories were annexed. let us look at Awadh. With the cooperation of sections of Indian society they set up English-medium schools. We need to see what they reflect about the minds of people who believed them – their fears and apprehensions. the British annexed not only Awadh. It seemed to the people that all that they cherished and held sacred – from kings and socio-religious customs to patterns of landholding and revenue payment – was being destroyed and replaced by a system that was more impersonal. As you know. To explore the basis of the revolt of 1857 in some detail. In such a situation of uncertainty. Governor General Lord Dalhousie described the kingdom of Awadh. Typing Book by Vivaan Sharma We cannot understand the power of rumors and prophecies in history by checking whether they are factually correct or not. under the leadership of Governor General Lord William Bentinck. the British introduced their own system of administration. The British established laws to abolish customs like sati and to permit the remarriage of Hindu widows. like misgovernment and the refusal to recognize adoption. Rumors circulate only when they resonate with the deeper fears and suspicions of people. The rumors in 1857 begin to make sense when seen in the context of the policies the British pursued from the late 1820. rumors spread with remarkable swiftness. alien and oppressive. one of the major centers where the drama of 1857 unfolded. The cumulative impact of all this on the people of North India was profound. the British adopted policies aimed at “reforming” Indian society by introducing Western education. their own laws and their own methods of land settlement and land revenue collection. Western ideas and Western institutions. caused by the rise in big businesses and technological advances in factories (for instance). and becoming equal financial contributors within their households. secondary education comprises the formal education that occurs during adolescence. Then came the times when Women got to the space of equality in the work place. achieving their own dreams. but is generally around the seventh to the tenth year of schooling. may be called secondary or high schools. The purpose of secondary education can be to give common knowledge. Now I believe it is time for them to lead the way forward this New Year. or a part of it. selective tertiary. The exact boundary between primary and secondary education also varies from country to country and even within them. with a curriculum focused on practical job skills that would better prepare students for white collar or skilled blue collar work. Depending on the system. Typing Book by Vivaan Sharma In most contemporary educational systems of the world. high schools were created. Canada and Australia primary and secondary education together are sometimes referred to as K-12 education. for the improvement in human capital caused employees to become more efficient. or vocational schools. that required skilled workers. comprehensive primary education for minors. Secondary education occurs mainly during the teenage years. "post-secondary". colleges. The exact meaning of any of these terms varies from one system to another. gymnasiums. middle schools. to prepare for higher education or to train directly in a profession. vocational school) for adults. In the United States. . or "higher" education (university. The emergence of secondary education in the United States did not happen until 1910. lyceums. This proved to be beneficial for both employers and employees. and in New Zealand Year 1– 13 is used. It is characterized by transition from the typically compulsory. schools for this period. which lowered costs for the employer. to the optional. In order to meet this new job demand. . If my research is correct. and to be the soldier fighting against the world‟s sufferings. service. then the four pillars of business which are dedication. It is time to let go of all pressures and work towards becoming empowered with regular income coming your way. self awareness. achieving their own dreams. It is amazing that from an early age. some women could be deprived of these opportunities because their men don‟t want them to work. Now I believe it is time for them to lead the way forward this New Year. who are capable and intelligent and willing to work. Unlike other Women Empowerment programs. grandmothers and other women in their lives. Then came the times when Women got to the space of equality in the work place. Typing Book by Vivaan Sharma We believe that an empowered woman can change a lot in the society. sacrifice. women start to learn about some of the finest human qualities like compassion. let focus on Women Empowerment in Business share with as many women as you think you would like to I am taking the pledge this new year to work on a business model that is going to empower 3000 women of India to lead the way in their own special way. we believe that Money as an energy is one of the most powerful empowerment tools. and becoming equal financial contributors within their households. the others may be restricted due to family pressures or peer pressures. however due to various reasons are unable to do it today. honesty are also attributes of women…For many centuries. but is generally around the seventh to the tenth year of schooling. The reasons could be varied for various women. the role of woman was to be the nurturing institution for her children. to be the solid foundation for her spouse. devotion by observing their own mothers. The exact boundary between primary and secondary education also varies from country to country and even within them. We believe in practical steps to create income for women. Secondary education occurs mainly during the teenage years. consistency. or output. we assume that the time period is known and therefore do not mention it. to have a comprehensive idea of the total flow of production in the economy. the sum total of the monetary value of these diverse commodities gives us a measure of final output. Often we hear statement like the average salary of someone is Rs 10. in order to get a quantitative assessment – a measure of the total final goods and services produced in the economy – it is obvious that we need a common measuring rod. We cannot add meters of cloth produced to tones of rice or number of automobiles or machines. counting them will highly exaggerate the final value of our economic activity. But inherent in all such statements is a definite period of time. Our common measuring rod is money. Otherwise such statements are meaningless. . However. when the context is familiar. since we are dealing with value of output. we need to have a quantitative measure of the aggregate level of final goods produced in the economy. Sometimes. or profits are concepts.000 or the output of the steel industry is so many tones or so many rupees in value. Thus income. However. At this stage it is important to introduce the concepts of stokes and flows. Whereas considering intermediate goods may give a fuller description of total economic activity. Since each of these commodities is produced for sale. Counting them separately will lead to the error of double counting. Typing Book by Vivaan Sharma Now. we should realize that the value of the final goods already includes the value of the intermediate goods that have entered into their production as inputs. But these are incomplete statements because it is not clear whether the income which is being referred to be yearly or monthly or daily income and surely that makes a huge difference. But why are we to measure final goods only? Surely intermediate goods are crucial inputs to any production process and a significant part of our manpower and capital stock are engaged in production of these goods. The mythological thinking. It should be immediately stopped. But the horror of the dowry system has made this ceremony one of the feared institutions. Through these unfair means they get the consent of the groom's parents for his marriage.a-days this problem has created a lot of hue and cry in our country. In some cases bride's father was offered money to allow her to marry a young man. The groom's father continues to place a series of demands before the bride's father. In some case bride grooms are demanding money for their education and for constructing buildings. is respected in the world for her mythological culture. color television. The demands include refrigerator. He strongly asserts that these demands must be fulfilled before marriage. the deep belief in almighty and religious nature has made the Indians well cultured. Because the bride was considered to be a virtuous arid the suitable one. motor cycle or car. Thus begins the clandestine atmosphere of dowry. They persuade the groom's parents and show them the temptation of money and dowry. money and plots of land in the capital area. Marriage is one of the most sacred and holy ceremonies in our society. It was considered to be a sin. But. the land of Gods. . Typing Book by Vivaan Sharma Our country India. Otherwise he can never consent to his son's marriage. The parents of the girl desperately move in search of a suitable groom for her now. ornaments of pure gold of sizeable quantity. sadly there are some of the stained systems in our country which are the black spots in our image. Nobody bothers to approach a girl's parents for her marriage. In ancient Indian society there was no question of the dowry in marriages. The bride-groom was voluntarily presented with some useful gifts which were not demanded at all. Dowry system is one of those much discussed systems. Now. This increasing system is a growing injustice to our society and morals. Although it is one of the most hated systems surprisingly it is growing day by day. But the whole situation has altered. We depend on rainwater to grow crops. Typing Book by Vivaan Sharma The main occupation of the people in our country is farming. The water from the lake can regulate the flow of water in the river. At some places. Canals. Channels are dug to build canals. we normally use the Persian wheel to draw out this water. River-water is diverted into these canals. When it rains. Find out the names of the others dams and the rivers they are built on. produces electricity and controls floods in the river is called a multipurpose project. This is called a dam. West Bengal and Tamil Nadu have a good network of canals. wells and tanks are three important means of irrigation. The canal is the most important source of irrigation in India. We must make other arrangements to water the fields at the proper tme. A project which helps to provide water for irrigation. Dams also help in the production of electricity. it is used to turn turbines which produce electricity. We can reach this underground water through wells. Deep tube wells have to be bored when the water is at a great depth. our government has built a number of multipurpose projects. some water seeps through the soil and goes deep into the ground. We can build a barrier of cement and steel to block the flow of river-water. the river-water has to be stored. Today. A huge lake is created behind the dam. The dam also helps to control floods in the river. The water from such lakes can also be diverted to the canals for irrigation. We do not receive the same amount of rainfall in all parts of the country. . Where the water is not too deep. where there is not enough water. Irrigation is one of the important ways to do it. The canals can take river-water to the far-off fields. Haryana. India has one of the largest irrigation systems in the world. Some of them are shown on the map. Punjab. It does not rain regularly throughout the year. When water from the lake behind the dam is made to fall from a high point.Thus we cannot depend only upon rainfall to grow our crops. a typical book's worth of type would be bulky. and another. Included in make-ready is the time taken to mount the plate onto the machine. The less it was moved in this condition the better: so printing would be carried out in the same location as the typesetting. typesetting and printing took place in one location. A make-ready is the preparatory work carried out by the pressmen to get the printing press up to the required quality of impression. A web press carries out the folding itself. they move into the bindery. Printed sheets on the other hand could easily be moved. . Similar make readies take place in the folding and binding areas. specializing in binding alone. each involving spoilage of paper. As the production line circulates. At that time. particularly those with shorter runs will be printed on sheet-fed offset presses. all the make-ready sheets will be discarded. because of the dominance of letterpress printing. and the press will start making books. because of increasing computerization of preparing a book for the printer. not one complete book at a time. As soon as the pressman decides that the printing is correct. which are fed by a continuous roll of paper. clean up any mess from the previous job. delivering bundles of signatures (sections) ready to go into the gathering line. a complete "book" is collected together in one stack. Excess numbers are printed to make up for any spoilage due to "make-readies" or test pages to assure final print quality. Notice that when the book is being printed it is being printed one (or two) signatures at a time. When type was all metal. fragile and heavy. next to another. but most books are now printed on web presses. and get the press up to speed. After the signatures are folded and gathered. Typing Book by Vivaan Sharma Some books. and binding in a different factory. Now. and can consequently print more copies in a shorter time. In the middle of last century there were still many trade binders – stand-alone binding companies which did no printing. while trade secrets and trade marking are mostly a matter of state law. The regulations are implemented and enforced by the China Securities Regulation Commission in China. and when and how information is disclosed to shareholders and to the public. A business needs protection in every jurisdiction in which they are concerned about competitors. and in Hong Kong. bank loans and debentures. these regulations are primarily implemented and enforced by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission. tax law. employee benefit plans. and more. Most businesses have names. It is not unheard of for certain kinds of corporate transactions to require a team of five to ten attorneys due to sprawling regulation. food and drug regulation. The proliferation and increasing complexity of the laws governing business have forced increasing specialization in corporate law. trademarks and such. logos and similar branding techniques that could benefit from trade marking. Other types of capital sourcing includes crowd sourcing on the internet. copyrights. intellectual property law on copyrights. Commercial law spans general corporate law. it is the Securities and Futures Commission. In Singapore. telecommunications law. venture capital. Many countries are signatories to international treaties concerning intellectual property. This could require patents. mergers and acquisitions. In the United States. employment and labor law. Typing Book by Vivaan Sharma Businesses that have gone public are subject to regulations concerning their internal governance. health-care law. Patents and copyrights in the United States are largely governed by federal law. trademarks or preservation of trade secrets. the regulation authority is the Monetary Authority of Singapore. . Other Western nations have comparable regulatory bodies. Businesses often have important "intellectual property" that needs protection from competitors for the company to stay profitable. such as how executive officers' compensation is determined. patents. securities law. educational support for teaching and a fully equipped auditorium. technologists and management professionals are more stark and demanding. it is the Securities and Futures Commission. computer lab. Every exporter had an office in Chennai & most of the leather & footwear industry is located in and around Chennai. In Singapore. The regulations are implemented and enforced by the China Securities Regulation Commission in China. The skill gaps at the level of designers. Campus has an excellent infrastructure and modern facilities. Other Western nations have comparable regulatory bodies. . The large scale presence of the Tanning industry has resulted in Tamil Nadu becoming a dominant production centre in the country for leather and leather based products. Chennai Campus is located at Lrungattu kottai near SIPCOT Footwear Park. It is estimated that leather industry will require at least one millions additional man power in the next five years. The campus area spread over 15 acres is situated in a calm and serene surrounding with the state- of-the art Campus housing & buildings having a built-up area of more than 4 laces sq. the regulation authority is the Monetary Authority of Singapore. Typing Book by Vivaan Sharma FDDI. Chennai is the biggest hub of the world leather industry. well furnished and centrally air-conditioned building. The Campus is equipped with International Testing Laboratory. 40 minutes drive from Chennai. class rooms and lecture halls. Tamil Nadu accounts for 30 % of leather exports and about 70 per cent of leather production in the country. latest multi- media audio-video. With the expansion and huge investment coming up in this from the national and international reputed brands the employment opportunities in this sector is going to increase many fold. and in Hong Kong. The Institute has a state-of-the-art library. In Tamil Nadu many people are employed in the industries dealing with leather and leather based products. which assists in conducting the various academic programmers. ft. Similar protections for unique status exist in tribal areas of India including those in Himachal Pradesh. shall. And if a woman married someone who wasn‟t a Kashmiri PR. continue to be governed by Article 370 of the Constitution of India". (matters specified in the instrument of accession) the Indian Parliament needs the State Government's concurrence for applying all other laws. After that they had to seek a fresh right to remain PRs. Andaman & Nicobar Islands and Nagaland however it is only for the state of Jammu and Kashmir that the accession of the state to India is still a matter of dispute between India and Pakistan still on the agenda of the UN Security Council and where the Government of India vide 1974 Indira-Sheikh accord committed itself to keeping the relationship between the Union and Jammu and Kashmir State within the ambit of this article . Thus the state's residents lived under a separate set of laws. and fundamental rights. in the case of State of J&K vs Sawhney. the state high court. an administrative rule – thanks to in-built patriarchy or misogyny – made it clear that women could remain PRs only till marriage. Foreign Affairs. the state created various categories of residents – with some being called permanent residents with special rights. Arunachal Pradesh. The provision of women losing their PR status after marrying outside the state. Finance and Communications. In 2004. including those related to citizenship. she automatically lost her own PR status. as compared to other Indians. In notifications issued as far back as 1927 and 1932. declared that there was no provision in the existing law dealing with the status of a female PR who married a non- resident. The 1974 Indira-Sheikh accord mentions that "The State of Jammu and Kashmir which is a constituent unit of the Union of India. . Though the law did not discriminate between female and male PRs. ownership of property. in its relation with the Union. Typing Book by Vivaan Sharma This article specifies that except for Defense. Typing Book by Vivaan Sharma .