TRIAL OSPE ST YEAR 1From ppsp usmkk QUESTION 1 Model of abdomen F A E B C D QUESTION 1 a. Labels the structures from ( A F ). (6M) b. What are the contents of rectus sheath? (4M) a. A- tendinous intersection B- internal oblique muscle C- rectus abdomonis muscle D-rectus sheath E- external oblique muscle F- linea alba - Rectus abdominis muscle - Pyramidalis, -The superior and inferior epigastric vessels, -The terminal portions of the lower intercostal nerves. b. Model of skull QUESTION 2 a. Identify the foramen A-G. (7M) b. Give 1 nerve passes through foramen A and B? (2M) c. Regarding to the nerves, state the function of A s nerve (1M) a. A-optic canal B-superior orbital fissure C-foramen ovale D-internal acoustic meatus E-jugular foramen F-Hypoglossal canal G-foramen magnum b. A-optic nerve B-oculomotor / trochlear / abducent nerve c. Carry visual signal from eyes to brain QUESTION 3 A B QUESTION 3 a. What type of agglutination test was shown in picture? (1M) b. Interprete the result of the test in: (2M) ABc. Give 2 conditions that can give false positive result: (2M) a. Direct agglutination test a. A- Positive B- Negative c. - Proteinuria - Hematuria -Bacterial infection -Methadone Rx QUESTION 4 A B QUESTION 4 The picture shown the stages of one type of parasite. a. Name the parasite. (2M) b. State what is A and B. (2M) c. State 2 characteristics of B. (2M) d. How does the parasites is being transmitted? (2M) a. b. c. d. Giardia intestinalis/lamblia A- cysts B- thropozoites i-2 symmetric nuclei ii-2 ventral sucking disk with 4 pairs of flagella iii-2 axonemes and 2 median bodies Fecal oral route QUESTION 5 B E D A C F QUESTION 5 a. Label the structures from A-F. (6M) b. State 2 first segment branches of right coronary artery. (2M) c. Give 2 tributaries of coronary sinus. (2M) a. A - right pulmonary artery B - left subclavian artery C - left atrium D - arteriosus ligament E - right aurikle F - left pulmonary vein b. -right conus artery -anterior atrial and ventricular branches -artery of sinu-atrial node c. -Great cardiac vein -Small cardiac vein -Middle cardiac vein -Posterior vein of left ventricle -Oblique vein of left atrium QUESTION 6 One of your sister has a severe bleeding at right arm because cut off by knife. Perform wound dressing to stop the bleeding before send him to the hospital. (10M) One of your sister has a severe bleeding at right forearm from a knife wound. Perform wound dressing to stop the bleeding before send him to the hospital. (10M) 1. Access the situation. If there is immediate danger, remove the danger and the person to a safe place. 2. Call 999 and alert the emergency medical services. 3. Check the level of consciousness of the person. If unconscious, proceed with CPR. If conscious, proceed next step. 4. Identify the area of wound. Access for distal colour-bluish??, sensationnumbness??, or movement-too tight?? assess for circulation and movement of the arm 5. Apply direct pressure over the wound. 6. Place sterile dressing or clean cloth over the wound. if the there is still bleeding put extra cloth on top of the dressing. Don¶t remove any impaled object. 7. Check whether the bleeding stopped or not. If yes, treat for shock (patient complain of cold, clammy, delirious and unconscious), elevate the leg and care for the wound. Lastly, seek for medical attention. 8. If bleeding doesn¶t stopped, elevate extremities above the level of heart. Continue apply pressure over the wound. 9. If still continue bleeding, do pressure point (state where is the pressure point that will be utilize) and keep put pressure over the wound. 10. Access CSM again after finish dressing. QUESTION 7 Question 7 a. b. State two fundamental patterns of motility (2M) State 3 steps of physiology of peristalsis in this picture (3m) Give 1 example of neurotransmitter that can cause contraction of intestinal smooth muscle (1M) Give example of neurotransmitter that can cause relaxation of intestinal smooth muscle (1M) c. d. a. -propulsion -mixing b. -contraction of circular muscle behind the food mass -contraction of longitudinal muscle ahead of food mass -contraction of circular muscle layer forces food mass c. -acetylcholine -substance P d. -vasoactive intestinal peptide -ATP QUESTION 8 X Y QUESTION 8 a. Identify X and Y. (2 M) b. Give 2 functions of X and Y. (4M) c. State 2 morphologies of X. (2M) a. X- neutrophil Y- eosinophil b. X- tissue phagocytes -move to the sites of infection/inflammatory where they digest, killl and breakdown bacteria. -process of moving to sites of infection-chemotaxis -process of ingestion of bacteria phagocytosis Y -phagocytic and can kill ingested organism -against tissue parasite, able to discharge their granule contents -involved in allergic reactions c. -2 to 5 lobes of segmented nucleus -dense chromatin -cytoplasm contains granule: i)primary granule: MPO, ACP, acid hydrolases ii)secondary granule: lysozyme, lactoferritin, collagenase. QUESTION 9 D X B C A QUESTION 9 a. Identify the structure of A-D. (4M) b. State epithelium lining of X. (1M) c. State 1 hormone contain in A. (1M) a. A - body of epididemis B - external anal sphincter C - corpus spongiosum D - ejaculatory duct b. Transitional epithelium c. Testosterone QUESTION 10 Question 10 a. State the type of this medium (2M) b. State 2 organisms that can be cultured on this agar (2M) c. What are the colony morphology of the culture on the agar? (2M) a. Selective and differential media b. -Escherichia coli/ Escherichia coli -Salmonella typhi/ Salmonella typhi c. Colony morphology: If salmonella small, round, flat and colourless colonies. Absence of pink colour indicates that Salmonella sp. is a non lactose-fermenter. If E.coli Colony morphology: small, round, flat, dry and dark pink/red colonies. The colour indicates that Escherichia coli is a lactosefermenter A B QUESTION 11 a. Name equipment A & B. (2M) b. Give 3 fundamental goals for these equipments. (3M) a. A-nasal prong B-oxygen mask b. Improve tissue oxygenation. Decrease work of breathing in dyspneic patient. Decrease work of the heart in patient with cardiac problem. QUESTION 12 DRUG X DRUG Y efficacy DRUG Z Log Drug Concentration % Maximum Question 12 a. Define (a)Drug Efficacy (1M) (b)Drug Potency(1M) b. Arrange the drugs based on INCREASING efficacy. (3M) c. Arrange the drugs based on DECREASING potency (3M) a. Efficacy-The capacity of a drug to activate its receptor once it is bound. Potency-Amount of drug required to elicit a response. b. Y-Z-X c. X-Y-Z Slide of thymus QUESTION 13 The slide showing an organ. a. Name the organ (1M) b. Give 2 histological characteristics (2M) c. State 2 gross features of this organ (2M) a. Thymus b. Hassal s corpuscle in medulla incomplete lobulation each lobule has cortex and medulla surrounded by capsule c. Located at superior mediastinum, may extend to anterior has 2 lobes-right and left lobe undergo involution after puberty QUESTION 14 You were jogging in a park with your friends. Suddenly, a man seemed to experience chest pain and fainted near the road. There wasn t any medicine with him. Take appropriate actions and perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation on that person. (10 M) You were jogging in a park with your friends. Suddenly, a man seemed to experience chest pain and fainted near the road. There was not any medicine with him. Take appropriate actions and perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation on that person. (10 M) 1. 2. 3. 4. Danger- access the situation. Remove the person to a safe place. Response- (kneel on the right side of the person) tap the person on his shoulders, asking loudly, hello, hello are ok sir? Ask somebody to activate the medical emergency system and ask them to bring along an AED. (Call 999) Breathing- expose the chest area, maintain head tilt chin lift position. Put your ear/cheek near his airway to feel for warm air and listen for breathing sounds. Eyes see for any chest movement. If no breathing, (check for airway obstruction) then give two rescue breaths.Make sure chest expand with each breath. Rescue breath- pinch the person nose tightly + still maintain head tilt n chin lift position. Give breath to patient mouth. Chest compressions- place heel of your hand in the middle of chest.(show how you determine the position to place the hand) Place the other hand on top of it. Elbows must be straight and shoulder directly above hand/body in 90 degree position. Compress 30 times with the rate of 2 compressions per second. (count out loud) followed by 2 rescue breaths. ( do 5 cycles of 30 compressions and 2 rescue breaths. Recheck the circulation 5. 6. Thank you WISH ALL OF U A BEST OF LUCK