Trans Siberian Railway

Trans-Siberian Railway1 Trans-Siberian Railway WARNING: Article could not be rendered - ouputting plain text. Potential causes of the problem are: (a) a bug in the pdf-writer software (b) problematic Mediawiki markup (c) table is too wide Trans-Siberian RailwayBridge over Kama River, near Perm in 1912Bridge over Kama River, near Perm in 1912Trans-Siberian line in red; Baikal Amur Mainline in greenTrans-Siberian line in red; Baikal Amur Mainline in greenLine length: 9,289€km (5,772€mi) Track gauge: Russian gauge1,520€mm (4€ft€11€27•32€in) Russian gauge km Station0 Yaroslavsky Rail TerminalYaroslavsky Terminal, Moscow 59 Khotkovo 73 Sergiyev PosadMoscow OblastMoscow Vladimir OblastVladimir Oblast border 112 Alexandrov, Vladimir OblastAlexandrovBalakirevoVladimir OblastVladimir - Yaroslavl OblastYaroslavl Oblast border 145 BerendeevoRyazantsevoSilnitsi 200 Petrovskoye, Yaroslavl OblastPetrovskoye 224 RostovRostov YaroslavskiSemibratovoKozmodemyansk 284 Yaroslavl289 Volga River 356 Danilov, Yaroslavl OblastDanilovto Vologda and ArkhangelskSot 394 LyubimSekshaYaroslavl OblastYaroslavl - Kostroma OblastKostroma Oblast borderBrodniKorega 450 BuiRossolovoKhramki 501 Galich, RussiaGalichKrasilnikovoLoparevoMonakovoAntrolovoNikkolo-UgolNikolo-PolomaNomzhaYelenskiyNevaNelshaBrantovkaPetrus 651 Manturovo, Kostroma OblastManturovoVocherovoShekshemaVarakinskiyVetluga River 698 SharyaZeblyakiYakshangaBurunduchikhaKostroma OblastKostroma Kirov OblastKirov Oblast borderSuprotivniyMetilGostovskayaShabalino 818 SvetchaYumaKapidantsiAtsvezhDarovitsato Nizhni Novgorod & Moscow 870 KotelnichVyatka RiverBistryagiOrichiStrizhiLyangasovoChukhlominskiy957 Kirov, Kirov OblastKirov 975 PozdinoPoloy 995 Bum-KombinatProsnitsaArdashiRekmino 1052 ZuevkaKosaFalenki 1127 YarKirov Oblast - Udmurtia borderKozmil 1165 Glazov 1194 BalyezinoPibanshur 1221 Cheptsa River 1223 ChepstaKezKabaludKuzmaUdmurtia - Perm Krai borderBorodulinoSubbotniki 1310 VereshchaginoZyukay 1340 MendeleevoGrigorevskaya 1387 ChaikovskayaShabunichi 1410 OveryataKurya 1432 Kama River1436 Perm 1452 FermaMulyankaYugYergach 1534 KungurKishertShumkovoTulumbasiKordonPerm Krai - Sverdlovsk Oblast borderShamary 1672 ShalyaSargaSabik 1729 Kuzino 1748 Krylosovo 1770 Pervouralsk 1777 Europe - Asia borderIset River1816 YekaterinburgShartashPutevkaKosolinoGagarskiyBazhenovoGryaznovskaya 1912 BogdannovichPishminskayaYelanskiy 1955 KamyshlovAksarikhaOshchepkovoProselok 2033 Talitsa 2064 YushalaBahkmetskoyeTugulymKarmakSverdlovsk OblastSverdlovsk - Tyumen OblastTyumen Oblast border2144 TyumenVoynovkaOzero AndreyevskoyaVinziliBogdaninskaya 2222 YalutorovskTobol RiverZavodoukovskNovaya ZaimkaVagayOmutinskayaLamyenskayaGolishmanovoKarasulskaya 2431 Ishim, Tyumen OblastIshimIshim RiverMaslyanskayaNovo AndreyevskiyTyumen OblastTyumen - Omsk OblastOmsk Oblast borderMangut 2565 NazyvayevskDragunskayaLyubinskaya 2706 Irtysh River2712 OmskKormilovka 2760 KalachinskIvanovkaOmsk OblastOmsk - Novosibirsk OblastNovosibirsk Oblast borderKaratkansk 2885 Tatarsk, Novosibirsk OblastTatarskKabaklyChanyOzero KarachinskoyeKoshkulTebisskaya 3040 BarabinskKozhurlaUbinskayaKargatKokoshino 3212 Chulym (town)ChulymDuplenskayaLesnaya PolyanaChik 3322 Ob 3332 Ob River3335 NovosibirskMochischeOyashChebula 3463 BolotnayaNovosibirsk OblastNovosibirsk Kemerovo OblastKemerovo Oblast border 3491 YurgaTom RiverTalmenkaYashkinoKholkinoBranch line to Tomsk 3570 TaygaLikhtach 3602 Anzhero-SudzhenskYayaIzhmorskBerikulskAntibesskiy 3715 MariinskSuslovoTyazhinItatKemerovo Oblast - Krasnoyarsk Krai border 3849 BogotolKritovoChulym River (Ob River)Chulym River 3917 Achinsk 3960 ChernorechskKozulkaZeledeyevoKachaMinino 4098 Krasnoyarsk4101 Yenisei RiverZlobinoZikovoSorokinoKamarchagaBalay 4227 Uyar, Uyarsky District, Krasnoyarsk KraiUyar 4262 Zabaykalsky KraiChitaPeschankaAtamanovkaNovayaMakkaveyevo 6265 Darasun 6293 Karaymskaya6312 Trans-Manchurian RailwayTrans-Manchurian line junction UrulgaZubarevoRazmakhninoSolntsevaya 6417 Onon 6446 Shilka (town)Shilka-Pass.Jewish Autonomous OblastJewish Autonomous Oblasts border 8198 ObluchyeKimkan 8234 IzvestkovayaBirakanTeploye OzeroLondoko 8306 Bira8351 BirobidzhanIn 8480 VolochayevkaDezhnevkaNikolayevka 8512 Priamurskaya 8515 Amur RiverAmurJewish Autonomous OblastJ. LugPodkamennayaKultuk. There are connecting branch lines into Mongolia. The tsar's train was designed and built in St.Trans-Siberian Railway Zaozyorny. With a length of 9.289 km. Slyudyansky District. Irkutsk. Omsk. Lonely Planet Publications. ChesnokovskayaSerishevo 7873 Belogorsk. Ulan-Ude. retrieved 2013. Amur OblastSvobodnyZeya RiverM. China and North Korea. Chelyabinsk. Slyudyansky District. It has been connecting Moscow with Vladivostok since 1916 and is still being expanded.Republic of BuryatiaBuryatia border 5390 Vydrino 5426 TankhoiPereyemnaya 5477 Mysovaya 5530 PosolskayaTimlyuy 5562 SelenginskTalovkaTataurovoSelenge River 5642 Ulan Ude5655 Trans-Mongolian RailwayTrans-Mongolian line junction Talitsi 5675 OnokhoyZaigraevoChelutayIlka 5734 NovoilinskiKizmaRepublic of BuryatiaBuryatia Zabaykalsky Krai border 5784 Petrovsk-Zabaykalsky (town)Petrovsk-ZabaykalskyBalyagaTarbagataiNovo-PavlovkaTolbagaKhokhotay 5884 BadaZhipkhegen 5932 Khilok.HistoryRoute development In March 1890. runs through Yaroslavl. Petersburg to serve as the main mobile office of the tsar and his staff for travelling across Russia. Irkutsk OblastKultuk 5312 Slyudyanka. Russian languageRussian: ‚ƒ„…††‡ˆ‡ƒ†‰„Š ‹„Œ‡†•ƒ„Ž• Transsibirskaya Magistral') is a network of railways connecting Moscow with the Russian Far East and the Sea of Japan. Chita.Ust-Ordynsky borderGolovinskaya 5027 KutulikZabituyUst-Ordynsky . Lonely Planet Guide to the Trans-Siberian Railway. Amur OblastSkovorodino 7323 Bolshoy NeverTaladanGonzha 7501 MagdagachiSulusTigda 7602 UshumunSivakiMukhinskayaBereya 7723 Shimanovskaya 7772 LedyanayaBuzuli 7815 Svobodny. Amur OblastBelogorsk7875 line to BlagoveshchenskVozhayevkaPozdeyevkaYekaterinoslavka 7992 Zavitaya 8037 BureyaDomikan 8088 ArkharaRachiKundur-KhabarovskiyAmur OblastAmur . Oblast .Khabarovsk Krai border8523 KhabarovskKorfovskaya 8598 Verino 8621 KhorDormidontovka 8642 Vyazemsky. Zabaykalsky KraiKhilokKhushengaKharagun 6053 MogzonKhilok River 6093 Sokhondo 6125 YablonovayaLesnoyIngodaChernovskayaKadala6199 Chita. the future Tsar Nicholas II personally inaugurated and blessed the construction of the Far East segment of the Trans-Siberian Railway during his stop at Vladivostok. Nicholas II made notes in his diary about his anticipation of travelling in the comfort of "the tsar's train" across the unspoiled wilderness of Siberia.Kholbon 6496 PriiskavayaNerchinsk 6532 KuengaBranch line to Sretensk 6593 Chernyshevsky-Zabaikalski 6629 BushuleyKhoktonga 6670 ZilovoUlyakanUryumSbega 6789 KsenevskayaKislyy KlugArteushkaRazdolnoye 6906 MogochaTaptugariSemiozernyy 7010 AmazarZhanna 7075 Zabaykalsky Krai Amur Oblast border 7119 Yerofei Pavlovich 7211 Urusha 7266 Takhtamigda7273 line to Baikal Amur MainlineBAM 7306 Skovorodino.A. Krasnoyarsk KraiZaozyornayaKamalaSolyankaBoshnyakovo 4343 KanskKansk-Yeniseiski]] 4375 Ilansky (town)IlanskayaIngashiskayaTinskayaReshotiKlyuchiKrasnoyarsk Krai Irkutsk Oblast borderYurtiBiryusinsk 4516 Taishet4520 Baikal Amur Mainline junction 4555 RazgonAlzamay 4631 KamyshetUk 4680 NizhneudinskKhingoyKhudoyelanskayaShebertaUtay 4794 TulunShubaTulyushka 4875 KuytunKharikKimeltey 4940 ZimaTiretZalariIrkutsk Oblast . Khabarovsk KraiVyazemskayaRozengartovka 8756 BikinKhabarovsk KraiKhabarovsk Primorsky KraiPrimorsky Krai borderZvenevoiBurlit-VolochayevskiyLuchegorskGuberovo 8890 Dalnerechensk 8900 LazoRuzhinoLesozavodskShmakovkaSviyagino 9050 Spassk-DalnyMuchnaya 9109 SibirtsevoIpplolitovkaOzernaya PadDubininskiy 9177 UssuriyskVaranovskiyNadezdinskayaline to Nakhodka 9255 Uglovaya 9289 Vladivostok The Trans-Siberian Railway (TSR. Novosibirsk. Irkutsk OblastSlyudyankaUtulik 5358 BaykalskMurinoIrkutsk Oblast . it is the longest railway line in the world.Irkutsk Oblast border 5061 Cheremkhovo 5087 PolovinaBelaya 5124 Usolye-Sibirskoye 5133 TelmaKitoy 5160 Angarsk 5170 Meget 5178 Irkutsk-Sort5185 IrkutskKayaGoncharovoB. The main route of the Trans-Siberian Railroad begins in Moscow at Yaroslavsky Rail TerminalYaroslavsky Vokzal. Zabaykalsky KraiChita and Khabarovsk to 2 . after visiting Japan at the end of his Eastern journey of Nicholas IIjourney around the world. These forces supported the White movementWhite Russian government of Admiral Alexander Kolchak. 002. Hong Kong. route No. both of which also follow the Trans-Siberian for much of their routes. Moscow-Pyongyang. A Russian staff and administration based in Harbin operated it. From Tarskaya the Trans-Manchurian heads southeast. Benjamin Isitt. and the Kiev•Vladivostok 11. whilst troops and injured personnel in a troop train travelling from east to west went along the line. from where they emigrated back to Czechoslovakia through Vancouver in Canada. and White Russian soldiers fighting the Bolsheviks on the Ural MountainsUral front. At 1 E6 m9. The additional Chinese Eastern Railway was constructed as the Russo-Chinese part of the Trans-Siberian Railway. p. no 2 (June 2006): 223•264 Canada's Siberian Expedition Digital Archive Siberian Expedition websiteThe Trans-Siberian Railroad also played a very direct role during parts of Russia's history. 002. men and ammunition coming from west to east would have to wait in the sidings. 251 As one of the few organised fighting forces left in the aftermath of the imperial collapse. Singapore. it is the third-longest single continuous service in the world. after more than five decades of sporadic work. CIS railway timetable. Some trains split at Shenyang. Moscow-Vladivostok. "Mutiny from Victoria to Vladivostok. Archived 2009-12-03. route No.380€mi) CIS railway timetable. Archived 2009-12-03. Kiev-Vladivostok. in Zabaykalsky Krai).085 kilometres (6. which coincides with the Trans-Siberian as far as Ulan-Ude on Lake Baikal's eastern shore. Archived 2009-12-03. Dorling Kindersley. 350. After the Russian Revolution of 1917. route No. It was built from 1891 to 1916 under the supervision of government ministers of Russia who were personally appointed by the Tsar Alexander III of RussiaAlexander III and by his son. 2011 a train from Khasan (urban-type settlement)Khasan made its inaugural run to Rajin in North Korea. via Harbin and Mudanjiang in China's ManchuriaNortheastern Provinces (from where a connection to Beijing is used by one of the Moscow•Beijing trains). after the Moscow•Pyongyang 10. spanning a record seven time zones and taking eight days to complete the journey.War and revolution In the Russo-Japanese War (1904•5). Known as the Baikal Amur Mainline (BAM).000€km (621€mi) east of Lake Baikal. with a portion of the service continuing to Pyongyang. In 1991. Tsar Nicholas II of RussiaNicholas II. by partisan fighters who blew up bridges and sections of track. a fourth route running further to the north was finally completed. The track was a single track and as such could only allow train travel in one direction.First World War • Willmott.. as they could not move resources to and from the front as quickly as would be necessary. this recent extension departs from the Trans-Siberian line at Taishet several hundred miles west of Lake Baikal and passes the lake at its northernmost extremity.888€mi) CIS railway timetable. and reaches the Pacific OceanPacific at Sovetskaya Gavan. or the Panama Canal to Europe also through Japan. and before the Red Army took control. which coincides with the Trans-Siberian as far as Tarskaya (a stop 12€km (7€mi) east of Karymskaya.Trans-Siberian Railway Vladivostok via Southern Siberia. This is the shortest and the oldest railway route to Vladivostok. It crosses the Amur River at Komsomolsk-na-Amure (north of Khabarovsk). about 1. the Trans-Siberian Railway was seen as one of the reasons Russia lost the war.267 kilometres (6.259 kilometres (5. Port 3 .P. From Ulan-Ude the Trans-Mongolian heads south to Ulaan-Baatar before making its way southeast to Beijing. The Trans-Siberian Railway is often associated with the main transcontinental Russian line that connects hundreds of large and small cities of the European and Asian parts of Russia. Thus the Japanese were quickly able to advance whilst the Russians were awaiting necessary troops and supplies. China. connecting Russia with China and providing a shorter route to Vladivostok.753 miles). The intervention was weakened. services. with the Czechoslovak LegionsCzechoslovak Legion using heavily armed and armoured trains to control large amounts of the railway (and of Russia itself) during the Russian Civil War at the end of World War I. the railway served as the vital line of communication for the Czechoslovak LegionsCzechoslovak Legion and the allied armies that landed troops at Vladivostok during the Siberian Intervention of the Russian Civil War. the Czechs and Slovaks were able to use their organization and the resources of the railway to establish a temporary zone of control before eventually continuing onwards towards Vladivostok. This caused significant strategic and supply difficulties for the Russians. and ultimately defeated. as a goods train carrying supplies. based in Omsk. joining with the main route in Ussuriysk just north of Vladivostok. A second primary route is the Trans-Manchurian. through Canada to Europe. North Korea. On October 13." Canadian Historical Review 87. H. The third primary route is the Trans-Mongolian Railway. 2003. December 1918. particularly in the volatile region between Krasnoyarsk and Chita. Zabaykalsky KraiChita. 1941. the mighty rivers of Eastern Siberia’the Yenisei. But early beginnings were difficult. when the USSR was a neutral power and Germany's merchant shipping was interdicted by the Western Allies. the Pacific Route • involving crossing the northern Pacific Ocean and the Trans-Siberian Railroad • became the safest connection between the US and the USSR. V. According to one analysis of the natural rubber supply chain. The first railway projects in Siberia emerged after the completion of the Moscow-Saint Petersburg Railway in 1851. M. Zabaykalsky KraiChita project. many of which were the same rivers. Accordingly. and the Lena ’ were mostly navigable only in the north-south direction. 4000 tonnes were sitting in DalianDairen. but his plans could not materialise as long as the colonists had to import grain and other food from China and Korea. usually allowed Soviet ships to sail between the US and Russia's Pacific ports unmolested (which contrasts with Germany's or Britain's behavior. 1996. was launched in 1844. As a result. One commodity particularly essential for the German war effort was natural rubber. The railway also played an important role in the evacuation of Soviet industries from European Russia to Siberia in 1941•42. Chiune Sugihara. the railway served as the essential link between Germany and Japan. 2000 tonnes were transiting Manchukuo. Nikolay Muravyov-Amursky. Aside from the Siberian RouteGreat Siberian Route.G. the upper course of the Angara River (the Angara RiverAngara below Bratsk was not easily navigable because of the rapids). V. The situation reversed after June 22. Steamboats started operating on the Yenisei in 1863. and 5700 tonnes. One of the first was the Irkutsk•Chita. the USSR became the recipient of lend lease supplies from the US. pp. IEIE. 1941. ISBN 5-89665-060-4.Based on a chapter of: Problem Regions of Resource Type: Economical Integration of European North-East. it was anxious to preserve good relations with the USSR and. 2010). now ice-covered. April 26. ISBN 0-275-95648-2. World War II During World War II. K. Alexeev. Demand and design In the late 19th century. and it was not until 1857 that steamboat shipping started developing on the Ob system in a serious way. on the Lena RiverLena and Amur RiverAmur in the 1870s. a small number of German Jews and anti-Nazis used the Trans-Siberian to escape Europe. Germany cut off its only reliable trade route to Japan (they had to use submarine blockade runners from that point on). Kuleshov’Novosibirsk. Only a railway could be a real solution to the region's transport problems. good roads suitable for wheeled transport were few and far between.During this time. and in the repositioning of Soviet troops from Germany to the Japanese front in preparation to the Soviet•Japanese War (1945)Soviet•Japanese War of August 1945.While the comparative flatness of Western Siberia was at least fairly well served by the gigantic Ob RiverOb•Irtysh•Tobol•Chulym River (Ob River)Chulym river system. it accounted for as much freight as the two other routes (Arctic convoys of World War IINorth Atlantic•Arctic and Persian CorridorIranian) combined. / Managing editors: V. Eastern Destiny: Russia in Asia and the North Pacific. as well as with the rest of the country. The first steamboat on the Ob RiverRiver Ob.Praeger/Greenwood. Several thousand Jewish refugees were able to make this trip thanks to the Japanese visas issued by the Japanese consul in Kaunas. and consequently. 4 . On the other hand. whose navies would destroy or capture neutrals' ships sailing to their respective adversaries). Even though Japan went to war with the US. on average. rivers were the main means of transport." Telaviv1 (Monday. By invading the Soviet Union. V. 152•53. which Japan was able to source from South-East Asia (in particular. cargo and passengers travelled by horse-drawn sleds over the winter roads. For about five months of the year. proposed by the American entrepreneur Perry Collins and supported by Transport Minister Constantine Possiet with a view toward connecting Moscow to the Amur River. Ural and Siberia. Bandman. During the cold half of the year. An attempt to partially remedy the situation by building the Ob-Yenisei Canal was not particularly successful. Siberia's governor. as of March 22. despite German complaints. As of March 1941. was anxious to advance the colonisation of the Russian Far East. 300 tonnes of natural rubber would. on the way from South-East Asia to Japan. French Indochina). 5800 tonnes of this essential material were transiting on the Soviet railway network between the borders of Manchukuo and the Third Reich. Patrick March. 3800 tonnes were in Japan. During the first two years of the war. Nikita Myasnikov's Osnova. 2002. traverse the Trans-Siberian Railway every day on its way to Germany. including the mathematician Kurt G‘del and the mother of the actor Heinz BernardJonathan Lowenstein "The Journey of a Lifetime: my grandmother's escape on the Trans-Siberian railway. the development of Siberia was hampered by poor transport links within the region.Trans-Siberian Railway Said and Triest. to the Pacific Ocean. the Trans-Siberian Railway played an important role in the supply of the powers fighting in Europe. Russian engineers started construction at both ends and worked towards the centre.600 metres (5. a clumsy bureaucracy. Together with low speed and low possible weights of trains. Tomsk. who was then finance minister. Thus. Northern route: via Tyumen. The designers insisted and secured the decision to construct an uninterrupted railway. sleighs were used to move passengers and cargo from one side of the lake to the other until the completion of the Lake Baikal spur along the southern edge of the lake. there were a large number of rejected and upcoming applications for permission to construct railways to connect Siberia with the Pacific. The design process lasted 10 years. By 1880. and was 64 metres (210€ft) long. because the swampy banks of the Ob River near it were considered inappropriate for a bridge. The railway was laid 70€km (43€mi) to the south (instead crossing the Ob at Novonikolaevsk. a bridge across the Ural River was built and the new railway entered Asia. grew into the large Siberian city of Novosibirsk. Barnaul. Their boilers. by Armstrong Whitworth. with two funnels. From Vladivostok the railway was laid north along the right bank of the Ussuri River to Khabarovsk at the Amur River. allowed a doubling of train weights to 6. Construction Full-time construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway began in 1891 and was put into execution and overseen by Sergei Witte. They were "knock down" vessels. Until the Circum-Baikal Railway was built the line ended on either side of the lake. in 1897. there was a continuous railway from Petrograd to Vladivostok that remains to this day the world's longest railway line. later renamed Novosibirsk). The railway ran on to the east. The bridge across the Ob River was built in 1898 and the small city of Novonikolaevsk. but from time to time the Circum-Baikal Railway suffered from derailments or rockfalls so both ships were held in reserve until 1916. The Russian admiral and explorer Stepan Makarov (1849•1904) designed Baikal and Angara but they were built in Newcastle-upon-Tyne. Unlike the rejected private projects that intended to connect the existing cities demanding transport. She has been restored and is permanently moored at Irkutsk where she serves as an office and a museum. to save money and avoid clashes with land owners. The Icebreakerice-breaking train ferry SS BaikalSS€Baikal built in 1897 and smaller ferry SS AngaraSS€Angara built in about 1900. Abakan and Mongolia. In 1890.In winter. Irkutsk OblastListvyanka where a shipyard was built especially to reassemble them. The railway was instantly filled to its capacity with local traffic. as well as convict labourers from Sakhalin and other places were used for building the railway. it was decided to lay the railway outside the existing cities. Baikal was burnt out and destroyed in the Russian Civil War but Angara survives. because of the weakness of Siberian enterprises. Railwaymen fought against suggestions to save funds. Before 1880. but not Eastern Russia. England. Effects The Trans-Siberian Railway gave a 5 . This worried the government and made connecting Siberia with Central Russia a pressing concern. alternative projects were proposed: Southern route: via Kazakhstan. just a dead-end branch line connected with Tomsk. every part of the ship was marked with a number.000 tonnes. and the most unfortunate. four funnels. the central government had virtually ignored these projects. She could carry 24 railway coaches and one locomotive on her middle deck. In 1898 the first train reached Irkutsk and the shores of Lake Baikal about 60 kilometres (37 miles) east of the city. Tomsk was the largest city. With the Amur River Line north of the Chinese border being completed in 1916. founded in 1883. the ship was disassembled into many hundreds of parts and transported in kit form to Listvyanka. During the Russo-Japanese War. begun in 1929 and completed in 2002. becoming the Ussuri Railway.200 feet) deep.Trans-Siberian Railway It was on Muravyov's initiative that surveys for a railway in the Khabarovsk region were conducted.Completion of the Circum-Baikal Railway in 1904 bypassed the ferries. Russian soldiers. mostly wheat. Yeniseysk and the modern Baikal Amur Mainline or even through Yakutsk. the Trans-Siberian did not have such a priority. each ship was bolted together in England. engines and some other components were built in Saint Petersburg and transported to Listvyanka to be installed. Along with the route actually constructed. Lake Baikal is more than 640 kilometres (400 miles) long and more than 1. by installing ferryboats instead of bridges over the rivers until traffic increased. Baikal had 15 boilers. and fear of financial risk. Tobolsk. Angara was smaller. for example. it upset the promised role as a transit route between Europe and East Asia. the military traffic to the east almost disrupted the flow of civil freight. Irkutsky District. Electrification of the line. made the four-hour crossing to link the two railheads. The Vladivostok to Khabarovsk section was built slightly earlier. across the Shilka RiverShilka and Amur rivers and soon reached Khabarovsk. that is. Similar to the First Transcontinental Railroad (North America)First Transcontinental Railroad in the US. depriving the city of the prospective transit railway traffic and trade. šƒ„‹‰™› œ. Today the Trans-Siberian Railway carries about 200. At these speeds. around 30% of Russian exports travel on the line.932 tonnes (30. at least on some sections. China. Bellinger (2005). a trainload of containers can be taken from Beijing to Hamburg. and a similar barrier in Manchuria. Central European University Press. 1900•1990: the interaction of climate and agricultural policy and their effect on food problems". the peak migration years. 2008-01-24’e. Khramkov A. 2007According to a 2009 report. Collection of scientific articles.com. Thus. Railroad Transportation of Bread from Siberia to the West in the Late 19th•Early 20th Centuries. ¦—˜. which was Emancipation reform of 1861 in Russiaformally abolished in 1861. Railway Gazette International. freight trains will be able to cover 1. // . with trains making around 900€km (559€mi) per day. last update: 6:41 a. Russia. about 4 million peasants arrived in Siberia.500€km (932€mi) per day.The Trans-Siberian Railway also brought with it millions of peasant-migrants from the Western regions of Russia and Ukraine. agriculture in Central Russia was still under economic pressure after the end of serfdom.One of the complicating factors related to such ventures is the fact that the Commonwealth of Independent StatesCIS states' Russian gaugebroad railway gauge is incompatible with China and Western and Central Europe's standard gauge. A.154.643. Dronin. " Climate dependence and food problems in Russia. and many farms switched to Maizecorn production.". ISBN 963-7326-10-3The Trans-Siberian line remains the most important transportation link within Russia. The Trans-Siberian is a vital link to the Russian Far East. Altai Krai exported wheat to the railway via the Ob River. G. Belarus. Bloomberg. or from Pusan for $2. facilitating substantial exports to central Russia and Europe. in 1896 the government introduced the Chelyabinsk tariff break (“”ŽŠˆ‡…†‰‡• •„ƒ‡–…—• ˜”ƒ”Ž™‹). While it attracts many foreign tourists.Subtelny.With perfect coordination of the participating countries' railway authorities. to defend the central territory and to prevent possible social destabilisation. as well as those connected to it by river transport.g.. Orest (2000).820. or perhaps of Belarus) were around 12 days. By Patrick Donahue.Trans-Siberian Railway positive boost to Siberian agriculture.com.000 containers per year to Europe. and. However. the volume of traffic between Russia and China could reach 60 million tons (54 million tonnes). to export cheap grain towards the West.000€km (5. Mongolia. from around 1869. From 1896 until 1913 Siberia exported on average 501. " Ukraine: a history. typical cargo travel time from Japan to major destinations in European Russia was reported as around 25 days. it gets most of its use from domestic passengers. 2008. // ¥ƒ”Ÿ˜ƒ‡…‡‹„•”Ž‡ ‡ ˜ƒ”Ÿ˜ƒ‡…‡‹„•”Ž•†•›™ › ¢‡ˆ‡ƒ‡. By 2010. Trans-Siberian in seven days. and in late 2009 announced a 20% reduction in its container shipping rates.4. according to this plan. EDT July 20. $11 billion will be invested over the next five years to make it possible for freight traffic to cover the same 9.000 pood) of bread (grain. Novosibirsk and Tomsk.592€mi) distance in just seven days. ¨„ƒ…„§Ž: ©žŸ-›™ œª«. E. It influenced the territories it connected directly. p. the TSR will transport a forty-foot container to Poland from Yokohama for $2. ISBN 5-7904-0195-3. Russian Railways intends to at least double the volume of container traffic on the Trans-Siberian and is developing a fleet of specialised cars and increasing terminal capacity at the ports by a factor of 3 . 2001. most of which will go by the Trans-Siberian. to 100€km/h (62€mph) by 2015.N. 262. but typical cargo travel times are usually significantly longer China-to-Germany Cargo Train Completes Trial Run in 15 Days. M. •”Ž”ž…™Ÿ™ƒ™ …—” ˜”ƒ”›™ž‰‡ ¡Ž”ˆ„ ‡ž ¢‡ˆ‡ƒ‡ › ž„˜„Ÿ…™‹ …„˜ƒ„›Ž”…‡‡ › ‰™…£” XIX’…„¤„Ž” XX ››. œ. Poland and Germany agreed to collaborate on a cargo train service between Beijing and Hamburg. For instance. This measure changed the nature of export: mills emerged to create bread from grain in Altai Krai. With its 2009 rate schedule. flour) annually. University of Toronto Press. ISBN 0-8020-8390-0 Between 1906 to 1914. p. 05 May 2009Developments in shipping On January 11. Barnaul: Altai State University publishing house.The railroad can typically deliver containers in 1/3 to 1/2 of the time of a sea voyage. MarketWatch.3: ¢ˆ™ƒ…‡‰ …„§¤…—¡ †•„•”•. As Siberian agriculture began. 38. at a maximum operating speed of 80€km/h (50€mph). in early 2009 Russian Railways announced an ambitious "Trans-Siberian in Seven Days" program. 2001.m. a tariff barrier for grain passing through Chelyabinsk. Mitsui talking to Russian railway operator on trans-Siberian freight service By Hiroyuki Kachi. Therefore. via the Trans-Mongolian and Trans-Siberian lines in as little as 15 days. The plan will involve increasing the cargo trains' speed to 90€km/h (56€mph) in 2010•12. the best travel times for cargo block trains from Russia's Pacific ports to the western border (of Russia. a train travelling from China to Western Europe would encounter break-of-gaugegauge breaks twice: at the Chinese-Mongolian or the Chinese-Russian frontier and at the Ukrainian or the Belorussian border with Central 6 . 485€mi). still called by its old Soviet name Sverdlovsk in most timetables. Slyudyansky District. Ufa. 1 day 14 hours. route No. Tyumen (2. MT+7. For example: Some trains would leave Moscow from Kazansky Rail Terminal instead of Yaroslavsky Rail Terminal. 3 days 4 hours.777€km). this was historically the earliest configuration.483€km). MT) on the Volga River. Zabaykalsky KraiChita (6. 20 hours.388€km) Changchun (7. Moscow-Vladivostok. There is no direct passenger service along the entire original Trans-Manchurian route (i. 3 days 12 hours.752€mi). Archived 2009-12-03. 9 days 2 hours. Moscow-Beijing. North Korean side of the border) Pyongyang (10. Yaroslavsky Rail Terminal (0€km.772€mi). RussiaSamara. MT) on the Vyatka River.105€mi). MT+7) Khasan (urban-type settlement)Khasan (9. 6 days 14 hours. make a stopover in the Nizhny and then transfer to a Siberia-bound train From 1956 to 2001 many trains went between Moscow and Kirov via Yaroslavl instead of Nizhny Novgorod. follows the same route as the Trans-Siberian between Moscow and Chita.676€km (1.407€km (5. MT+6.626€km).The train ferry in service on Lake BaikalTrain entering a Circum-Baikal tunnel west of Kultuk. making the total distance to Vladivostok at 9. Vladimir (210€km (130€mi). 6 days 4 hours. MT) Nizhny Novgorod (461€km (286€mi). Depending on the route taken. Nazyvayevsk station. used by train No. from Moscow or anywhere in Russia. 13 hours. 6 days 19 hours. 1 day 22 hours.274€km (3. MT+3) on the Irtysh RiverNovosibirsk (3. MT+7).820€km (4.312€km (5. 6 hours. Yekaterinburg (1. 2. 7 days 10 hours.323€km (1. MT+2) in the Urals. because it provides a shorter exit from Moscow onto the Nizhny Novgorod main line. Russian border town.568€mi) from Moscow) The express train (No. MT+6) Junction with the Trans-Manchurian line at Tarskaya (6.771€mi).706€mi). MT+7) on the Amur RiverUssuriysk (9. Perm (1. west of Manchuria. Siberia. Moscow Time). MT+3) on the Ob RiverKrasnoyarsk (4. Zabaykalsky KraiChita and then follows this route to China: Branch off from the Trans-Siberian-line at Tarskaya (6.Bridge over Kama River near PermBashkirsBashkir switchman near the town Ust-KatavUst' Katav on the Yuryuzan River between Ufa and Cheliabinsk in the UralsUral Mountains region.165€mi).493€km (5.898€mi) from Moscow) Zabaikalsk (6.848€mi). junction with the Trans-Manchurian line and Korea branch (It is located in Varanovsky. there is a break-of-gaugeManzhouli (6. 2 days 11 hours. Between Yekaterinburg and Omsk it is possible to travel via Kurgan Petropavlovsk (in Kazakhstan) instead of Tyumen. marked by a white obelisk. Kirov OblastKirov (917€km (570€mi).g. on the Pacific OceanServices to North Korea continue from Ussuriysk via: Primorsk (9.622€km) Chita. Other trains get from Moscow (Kazansky Terminal) to Yekaterinburg via Kazan. Chinese border town Harbin (7. Irkutsk OblastKultukVladivostok terminus of the Trans-Siberian RailwayRoutes In general. the lower the train number the fewer stops it makes and therefore the faster the journey.104€km) Omsk (2. Chelyabinsk and Petropavlovsk. The train number makes no difference in the duration of border crossings. MT+5) eastern shore of Lake Baikal Junction with the Trans-Mongolian line (5.052€mi).020) travel time from Moscow to Beijing is just over six days. 1. border with North Korea) Tumangang (9.573€km (4. 1 day 2 hours.Trans-Siberian Railway European countries. MT+5) near Lake Baikal's southern extremity Ulan Ude (5.638€km (4.859€mi) from Moscow) Beijing (8.289€km (5. MT+4) on the Yenisei RiverTaishet (4. this would save some 20€km (12€mi) off the distances.609€km (3. Trans-Siberian lineThe marker for kilometre 9288 at the end of the Trans-Siberian Railway in Vladivostok A commonly used main line route is as follows.412€km (5.125€mi) from Moscow..288€km (5. One can bypass Yekaterinburg altogether by travelling via Samara. the capital of Jewish Autonomous RegionKhabarovsk (8.257€km (5.Moscow.153€km (3.831€mi). This would add some 29€km (18€mi) to the distances from Moscow.845€mi). GalleryStart of Trans-Siberian railway in Moscow.961€km (5.443€mi) from Beijing).277€mi). Kirov. 1910Snow in the end of April.397€km (868€mi). due to the obvious administrative and technical 7 .663€mi). 13€km (8 miles) from Ussuriysk) Vladivostok (9.166€km (3.778€km (1. Moscow-Beijing CIS railway timetable.267€km (6.303€km (2. 3 days 22 hours. MT+6) There are many alternative routings between Moscow and Siberia.065€km (2. MT+2) on the Kama River Official boundary between Europe and Asia (1.526€mi). junction with the Baikal-Amur MainlineIrkutsk (5.002M.e.380€mi). Distances and travel times are from the schedule of train No. 020. One can take a night train from Moscow's Kursky Rail Terminal to Nizhny Novgorod. to Vladivostok via Harbin). 5 days 15 hours. 5 days 13 hours). 1910View from the rear platform of the Simskaia railway station of the Samara-Zlatoust Railway.202€mi). Trans-Manchurian line The Trans-Manchurian line.274€km) Birobidzhan (8.147€km). as e.020. c. the distances from Moscow to the same station in Siberia may differ by several tens of km. c. "The Great Siberian Railway". MT+5) Beijing (MT+5) Cultural importance The Trans-Siberian Railway is the theme for the Trans-Siberian Railway Panorama and 1900 Trans-Siberian Railway (Faberg® egg)Trans-Siberian Railway Faberg® egg. MT+5). (1936).G. S. However. Winchester.900€km (3. In the play Fiddler on the Roof and the Fiddler on the Roof (film)film version. 2010 ISBN 962-217-811-1 External linksRoute map: Google / Bing Russian Railways .official website Overview of passenger travel today "A 1903 map of Trans-Siberian railway". The Trans-Siberian Handbook. and then follows this route to Mongolia and China: Branch off from the Trans-Siberian line (5. "The Trans-Siberian Express". ¦. "The Trans-Siberian Railway: A Traveller's Anthology" (January 2009) ISBN 1904955495.304€km (3.921€km (3.663€mi). Road to Power: The Trans-Siberian Railroad and the Colonization of Asian Russia. ¦”Ž‡‰‡• ¢‡ˆ”ƒ†‰‡• ˜§•• (‡†•™ƒ‡‰™-°‰™…™‹‡¤”†‰‡• ™¤”ƒ‰). Mongolian border town Erenhot (842€km (523€mi) from Beijing.Y.Henry Rollins has talked of his trip on the Trans-Siberian Express during his speaking engagements. Grodekovo-Ussuriysk schedule. The cult film Horror Express starring Peter Cushing. ed.679€mi). the Chinese border station Grodekovo (8. Grodekovo-Harbin schedule. Asia Overland: Tales of Travel on the Trans-Siberian and Silk Road Odyssey Publications. November 2006 (Note that Russian train sites give incorrect kilometre distance between Chinese stations).928€km) Suifenhe (8.358€mi). 2003. 1991. Mongolian border town Ulan Bator (6. Harbin-Suifenhe train schedule.g. Deborah Manley. 1850•1917. Trailblazer.244€km) Vladivostok (8. MT+5) S¬khbaatar (city)S¬khbaatar (5. In the videogame Syberia the protagonist travels by train through Russia/Siberia • a clear reference to the Trans-Siberian Railway.655€km (3. MT+5).917€mi). 1991. November 2006. N. Bryn. The 2012 Television show An Idiot Abroad features Karl Pilkington travelling the length of the railway.€451•457 illustrated description of the route and the train 8 . takes the Trans-Siberian Railway to Siberia after her fianc® is exiled there. ¥. May 1900). 6th ed. M. "The Siberian Sojourn" Yonkers. Archived from the original on 11 Jan 2013. the Mongolian capital Zamyn--¬d (7. ed. in Harbin. ‚ƒ„…†˜™ƒ•. Grodekovo. Chinese border town Datong (371€km (231€mi). Tevye's daughter. pp.356€km) Trans-Mongolian lineThe Trans-Mongolian line follows the same route as the Trans-Siberian between Moscow and Ulan Ude. MT+5). ISBN 5-277-00758-š Omrani. Bijan. it is still possible to travel all the way along the original route. Mikhailoff. Russia Ussuriysk (8. ±™†‰›„. with a few stopovers (e. in the North American Review (Volume 170.013€km (4. Such an itinerary would pass through the following points from Harbin east: Harbin (7. (1972•1977) Thomas. Issue 522. Clarence. Guide to the Great Siberian Railway (1900) M. The 2008 thriller Transsiberian (film)Transsiberian takes place on the railway. ReferencesSources Marks. ISBN 1-873756-70-4(Russian) ¯„Ž‡…‡¤”›.514€mi) from Moscow) Naushki (5. assuming sufficient patience and possession of appropriate visas. The Corto Maltese comic Corte sconta detta arcana/Corto Maltese en Sib®rie has the Trans-Siberian Railway as part of the story that takes place in the Russian Revolutionary period of the 20th century.706€mi) from Moscow) Mudanjiang (7. Christopher Lee and Telly Savalas is set aboard the railway. and Ussuriysk).121€km). Hodel.666€mi).573€km (4.Trans-Siberian Railway (Rail gaugegauge break) inconveniences of crossing the border twice.895€km (3. Russian border town Russian•Mongolian border (5. MT+5). ISBN 0-8014-2533-6 Faulstich. Railway Wonders of the World.147€km). MT+5). Edith. wikipedia. DARTH SIDIOUS 2. 1. Celarnor. Olivier.org/w/index. Davecampbell. JayEsJay. Monedula.jpg €Source: http://en.2. Torqueing. Skullers. KGasso. Edward. Armando. Krinkle. Kumasukiyaki. Inwind. LakeToba. CommonsDelinker.org/w/index. Arthena.wikipedia. Harryboyles. Insider. Nzseries1.org/w/index.wikipedia. WilliamJE.svg €License: Public Domain €Contributors: user:axpde File:BSicon_HST.JPG €License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.svg €License: Public Domain €Contributors: Lantus 21:02.org/w/index. Spearhead. Alex Bakharev. Tide rolls. Tyhopho. Altenmann.jpg €License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3. Beliar. Mattisse. Svetovid. €•‚ƒ.jpg €Source: http://en. Bastionbooger0. Nomadtales.svg €License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.1. Wikimandia. Tarquin.org/w/index. I'm the Cavalry. Pne. Groggy Dice. Snarius.jpg €Source: http://en.wikipedia. Telaviv1.php?title=File:BSicon_KBHFe. JuTa.org/w/index. Mahjongg. Larysa Fabok. Pathoschild.jpg €License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.jpg €License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.wikipedia.wikipedia. Tomeasy.0 //creativecommons. Aaron-Tripel. Michalides. Waldo79. Wavelength. Kusunose.wikipedia. Rjwilmsi. The Thing That Should Not Be. ThatDeznaGuy. 1. Dpol. Patrick. XJaM. Beland. Tim Chynoweth. The Cunctator. Josce. Koraki. DocWatson42.org/w/index. Joeldp. CultureDrone. Primergrey.0 €Contributors: File:TransSiberianRailwayAtKm9288.svg €License: Public Domain €Contributors: user:axpde File:BSicon_ABZlf. Maxim. Vadmium. Apoivre. Yabbox. Bobrayner. Doroamitabul.JPG €Source: http://en. Pil56. Tm1729. Nemo bis. 1.php?title=File:Trans_Sibir. Mhclearinghouse. FocalPoint. Rurik. Cla68. Corti. Peterlin. CanisRufus. Mschlindwein.jpg €License: Public Domain €Contributors: digital rendering for the Library of Congress by Walter Frankhauser / WalterStudio File:TrainStation. Max Schwarz. Ozzieboy.org/w/index. Ckatz.svg €Source: http://en. Miaow Miaow.org/w/index. DraKyry.. EiDdluohSsreggiN.svg €Source: http://en.php?title=File:Map_Trans-Siberian_railway. Srich32977.php?title=File:TransSiberianRailwayAtKm9288. Jan. Grendelkhan.svg €Source: http://en.php?oldid=603012237 €Contributors: 4rdi. Farjiadmi. Jan. Ortolan88. Colonies Chris. Esq. JohnnyTwain. Hunnjazal. 2007 (CET) File:BSicon_ABZgl+l. Gurch. Lawrence96.svg €Source: http://en. Arseny1992. Charles01. 1 anonymous edits License Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3. Garion96.h. Rioblen. The71.wikipedia.php?title=File:Yaroslavsky_rail_terminal_front_side. Goudzovski. Ingolfson. Shii.0 €Contributors: Petar MiloÁevi File:SS Baikal.org/w/index. Rockthing. Mudkip3DS.0. Jan. „…†‡. Nat Krause. Eleassar. SDC. JasonAQuest. Aris Katsaris.jpg €Source: http://en. Fratrep.svg €License: unknown €Contributors: File:BSicon_ABZlg. LaFoiblesse.php?title=File:TransSiberien_20080930_210924_copy.wikipedia.php?title=File:BSicon_ABZgl+l. ChrisCork.0/ . NatureA16. Wikieditor06. Jncraton. Illia Connell. Hugo999. Sharkface217.0 €Contributors: A.php?title=File:BSicon_ABZrg.wikipedia. Abraham. BaomoVW. Ztaffanb. Kinu. DelftUser. Howard Percy.org/w/index. Smk956. Wikiliki. Gsarwa. PaulHanson.org/w/index. Sole Flounder. Afterwriting.org/w/index.jpg €Source: http://en.wikipedia. Tygrrr. XLerate. Mintleaf. Maksdo. Arz1969. Motacilla.svg €License: Public Domain €Contributors: User:axpde File:BSicon_ABZrg. Mneubert.5. Ma8thew. Bletch.org/w/index. Kransky. Datepalm17.wikipedia. Bryan Derksen. Hvn0413. MoiraMoira. DanielMurdoch. Cemsentin1. FDT. Czyrko. Man vyi. Vanjagenije. ItsJames. Hmains. Mulad. Narayansg. LOL. Jason Recliner. Latebird. Bender235. Saez. Ivan the Knight. ²ed³. Jan. RaseaC.henderson. Robroyaus.wikipedia.0 €Contributors: Christophe Meneboeuf File:Yaroslavsky rail terminal front side. Ezhiki. Keegboy.php?title=File:BSicon_KBHFa.jpg €Source: http://en. Emeraude. Tabletop.php?title=File:Trans-Siberian_tunnel.org/w/index.php?title=File:BSicon_HST. AussieLegend.org/w/index.Article Sources and Contributors 9 Article Sources and Contributors Trans-Siberian Railway €Source: http://en. Zzuuzz. Itinerant1.svg €License: Public Domain €Contributors: Lantus 21:02. Akersmc.php?title=File:TrainStation.svg €Source: http://en. Peter Horn. Peyre.wikipedia. Kmorozov. BOARshevik. Koavf.wikipedia. Grutness.svg €License: Public Domain €Contributors: user:axpde File:BSicon_ABZrf. makatau. RoySmith.org/w/index.svg €Source: http://en.jpg €Source: http://en. Whoop whoop pull up. El Mayimbe. Jpatokal.svg €Source: http://en. MakeChooChooGoNow.org/w/index.org/licenses/by-sa/3. Cwmacdougall.wikipedia.svg €Source: http://en. Vianomada. Ymblanter.alex42.wikipedia. Mandarax.wikipedia. Tobby72. Jameslwoodward. Keithmall. XtoF. Eraserhead1. Ilgiz.0 Germany €Contributors: de:Benutzer:axpde File:BSicon_WBR€CKE. Brickie. Skomorokh. Mjminc. PrimeHunter. Anthony Appleyard. Tnxman307. Mimihitam. NawlinWiki.php?title=File:BSicon_ABZlf.svg €Source: http://en. JeremyA.svg €License: Public Domain €Contributors: Lantus 21:02. Rich Farmbrough.org/w/index. Mschlindwein. Alexf.png €Source: http://en. Eldumpo. Rotlink. KingMax96. JimmycurN. EngGerm12. JH-man. Minesweeper.org/w/index. OverlordKain. Enzymes. À—•. Cliopudicam. DnetSvg. Redrose64. 2007 (CET) File:BSicon_KBHFe. Vfp15.org/w/index. Licenses and Contributors File:Prokudin-Gorskii-25.svg €Source: http://en. 533 anonymous edits Image Sources. Thumperward. Outlook. Jim. Nickieee. Peter M Dodge. Namazu-tron. Vanisaac. Masha niggol. 1. NuclearWarfare. Apollo1758.php?title=File:Prokudin-Gorskii-23. Tertulia. Jarsonic. Culturalrevival. Dbstraight. Worldtraveller. Open2universe. BD2412. Phlebas. Lawsonstu. TLE12. Chase me ladies. Dino.jpg €License: GNU Free Documentation License €Contributors: Bukk. Leelee Sobieskihamper.php?title=File:BSicon_WASSERq.svg €Source: http://en.wikipedia. Mrg3105. RockyAlley. Austriacus. Intershark. Joey80. Goran. KNewman. Steroid83. Hypergeek14.wikipedia. Gif32. Eagles247.jpg €License: Public Domain €Contributors: InvictaHOG File:Vladstation. Andrew Shane.php?title=File:BSicon_ABZrf.php?title=File:SS_Baikal.2. Russlandtickets. Grafen. Towel401. Satellizer. Woohookitty. Optimist on the run. Qutezuce. Thingg. Mackensen. Sf5xeplus. DragonflySixtyseven. Northamerica1000.svg €Source: http://en.php?title=File:BSicon_eGRENZE. Stefan K¬hn. Romanm.php?title=File:BSicon_WBR-CKE.0 Germany €Contributors: de:User:Bernina. Svmich. Enginear. Hillsbro. Bobblewik.php?title=File:Vladstation. Someone else. 2007 (CET) File:BSicon_KBHFr. Noosahead.Tyne & Wear Archives & Museums File:Trans-Siberian tunnel.org/w/index. Chzz.svg €License: Public Domain €Contributors: user:axpde File:TransSiberien 20080930 210924 copy. R'n'B.jpeg €License: Public Domain €Contributors: Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorskii File:Trans Sibir. Captain Cornwall. Jauhienij.svg €Source: http://en. Petri Krohn. Mini-Geek. DePiep. Chrisminter. Leotolstoy. Soerfm. Nikosgreencookie. 2007 (CET) File:BSicon_LUECKEq. Jodal. Nageeb. Ingolfson. Johnred32. Your Lord and Master. Comm. Bseker.wikipedia.php?title=File:BSicon_KBHFr. Frietjes. Wm82. Phinn. Marek69. Wateronet. Freezing in Wisconsin. Billinghurst. Steveshelokhonov. Caiaffa.wikipedia. Keith D. Sunray. Myrtone86. MBK004.svg €Source: http://en.org/w/index.org/w/index.org/w/index. Mbusux. Postlebury. Demidow. Magnus Manske. Jim1138. EagleFan. Buran1. Berek. ´µ¶·¸¹º» ¼¶½¾¿·». Imroy. Val®rie75. Beagel. Lotje. JohnPannellUK.0 Germany €Contributors: de:Benutzer:axpde File:BSicon_eGRENZE. Thryduulf. Stefan Milosevski. VolatileChemical.wikipedia.php?title=File:BSicon_LUECKEq. Sameboat. Mschel. Schutz.php?title=File:BSicon_eGRENZE+WBR-CKE.svg €License: Public Domain €Contributors: Lantus 21:02. €•‚ƒ. Geofftosrvrip.php?title=File:Prokudin-Gorskii-25. Ae-a.wikipedia. Itsmejudith. Heart Like a Wheel. Alain. Altaihunters. Algorithme. Bulwersator.php?title=File:BSicon_ABZlg. Amornoguerra. Vmenkov. Kotasik. Jessbrice. Alsandro.png €License: Public Domain €Contributors: User:Stefan K¬hn File:BSicon_KBHFa. Cimbalom. de:User:axpde File:BSicon_BHF.org/w/index. Wikignome1213. Whoke6118. Lilac Soul.wikipedia. O wingless o.org/w/index. Oneiros.S2. InvictaHOG.Savin File:Prokudin-Gorskii-23.svg €License: Public Domain €Contributors: & File:BSicon_WASSERq. Steverwanda. Moryak. Pjacobi. Ahruman.wikipedia. TGCP. Ghirlandajo. Lesgles.wikipedia.svg €License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3. Skinsmoke. Mudchute.php?title=File:BSicon_BHF. Clarityfiend. Matthiashess. Whagers. G-Man.jpg €License: Public Domain €Contributors: digital rendering for the Library of Congress by Walter Frankhauser / WalterStudio File:Map Trans-Siberian railway. Delirium. Slambo. Ecthelion83. Uspn. PhantomOTO.svg €License: Public Domain €Contributors: user:axpde File:BSicon_eGRENZE+WBR€CKE. Paul.jpeg €Source: http://en. Klemen Kocjancic. Sionus.jpg €Source: http://en.svg €Source: http://en.svg €License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.jpg €License: unknown €Contributors: TWAM .0. Matthewmayer.