The 9th Asia-Pacific Microscopy Conference(APMC9) in conjunction with the 39th Annual Meeting of the Korean Society of Microscopy November 02(SUN) ~ 07(FRI), 2008 Jeju, Korea Organized by The Korean Society of Microscopy (KSM) Under the auspices of The International Federation of Societies for Microscopy (IFSM) The Committee of Asia Pacific Societies for Microscopy (CAPSM) CONTENTS Welcome Address ............................................................................................................... iii APMC and CAPSM ........................................................................................................... v Committee .................................................................................................................................. v Organizing Committee .................................................................................................... vi Aspects of the Conference .......................................................................................... vii Scholarship Awardees ................................................................................................... viii Sponsors ...................................................................................................................................... ix Venue .............................................................................................................................................. x Conference Floor Plans .................................................................................................... x Presentation in Conference ....................................................................................... xiv Special Sessions ...................................................................................................................xv Social Program ................................................................................................................... xvi Exhibition ............................................................................................................................ xviii Time table ............................................................................................................................... xix List of Symposia..................................................................................................................xx Program at a Glance Oral Presentation......................................................................................................... xxi Poster Presentation ................................................................................................. xxiii Scientific Program ............................................................................................................... 1 Author index ........................................................................................................................ 163 ii WELCOME ADDRESS On behalf of the organizing committee of the 9th Asia-Pacific Microscopy Conference (APMC9), I wish to extend our warmest welcome to all the participants here at the APMC9 (formerly known as APEM). The APMC is an international conference that is held every 4 years under the auspices of the CAPSM (Committee of Asia-Pacific Society for Microscopy), providing leadingedge communication in microscopy in the Asia-Pacific region. APMC9 is the first meeting to extend its scope to all other areas of microscopy including SPM, AFM, confocal, X-ray and near field microscopy. More than 700 papers will be presented in 38 sessions during this Conference. The memorial symposium of professor Kehsin Kuo, the former president of CAPSM, is also planned as a special session of this Conference. All the members of the organizing committee sincerely hope this Conference will be scientifically stimulating and profitable for all the participants, and that it will contribute to the promotion of our understanding of microscopy as well as toward the encouragement of our collaborations in this region. I would also like to encourage you to take extra time to explore the life of the people and the geology of this volcanic island. When you leave Jeju Island, I hope you leave with wonderful memories of microscopy and of the island’s unique culture. I also would like to express my sincere thanks to all our sponsors and exhibitors. Without their support, it would not have been possible to arrange this Conference. Hu-Chul Lee Chairman The 9th Asia-Pacific Microscopy Conference WELCOME ADDRESS On behalf of the Korean Society of Microscopy (KSM), I warmly welcome you to the 9th Asia-Pacific Microscopy Conference, held in the Jeju International Convention Center on November 2-7, 2008. In 2008, we are celebrating the fortyfirst anniversary of KSM since the opening of the first scientific meeting of the Korean Society of Electron Microscopy (KSEM) on November 20 in 1967. Particularly this year, the Korean Society of Electron Miscopy has been renamed the Korean Society of Microscopy due to its wider scope of support for the various research activities throughout the divergent fields of microscopy. It is obvious that the rapid progress of new techniques in microscopies has led to outstanding contributions in a variety of scientific fields, especially Materials Science, Instrumentation and Life Science. Recently there have been major improvements and developments in the various fields of microscopy, for instance in the areas of the aberration correction and monochromation, probe microscopes, confocal microscopes and digital imaging. I am sure that APMC9 will be an exciting meeting place where these valuable recent research achievements are introduced and shared by all participants. It is truly a great honor for about 500 members of KSM to host this internationally well known APMC9 conference. Finally I hope that all of you will have a memorable and productive time learning more about the latest scientific achievements while forming and renewing friendships among the participants from within the Asia-Pacific region. Please enjoy the comfortable climate and beautiful scenery during your stay in this wonderful and peaceful Jeju Island, located in the southernmost part of Korea. Hwack Joo Lee President The Korean Society of Microscopy iii WELCOME ADDRESS Together with the 9th Asia-Pacific Microscopy Conference (APMC9) Organizing Committee, I like to extend a very warm welcome to the APMC9 at Jeju Island. The program consists of a wide range of presentations covering the full extend of microscopy techniques. I am certain all the participants will gain from all the expertise present at this conference. This conference will provide a good platform for net-working amongst the experienced and young microscopists. The oral presentations are backed by a strong array of poster presentations. In addition the exhibitors will share with you their latest products and technology. Technical and application specialists will be present to answer queries from you and assist you in optimizing the use of your equipment. The program also incorporated some social events like the Welcome Reception, Conference Dinner and a half day excursion. This provides further opportunities for participants to understand and appreciate the Korean culture and picturesque locations in Jeju Island. I wish you a very fruitful week at the APMC9. Mary Mah-Lee Ng President The Committee of Asia-Pacific Microscopy Societies iv APMC and CAPSM When the 3rd International Congress on Electron Microscopy (ICEM) was held in London in 1954, the International Federation of Societies for Electron Microscopy (IFSEM) was founded. It was agreed that IFSEM should sponsor regional conferences in Europe (EUREM) and Asia, as well as the Oceania Regional Conference (AORC). All three events are quadrennial but occur at biennially staggered intervals. The AORC and the EUREM take place in the same year. The first AORC was held in 1956 in Tokyo, Japan. The second AORC was held in Calcutta in 1965. After that, the AORC was not held again until 1984. It was renamed as the Asia-Pacific Conference on Electron Microscopy (APEM) and was restarted in Singapore in 1984. Subsequently, the 4th APEM conference was held in Bangkok in 1988, the 5th in Beijing in 1992, the 6th in Hong Kong in 1996, the 7th in Singapore in 2000 and the 8th APEM in Kanazawa in 2004. The 9th APEM will be held under a new name, the Asia-Pacific Microscopy Conference (APMC), on Jeju Island, South Korea, in 2008. The Committee of Asia-Pacific Societies for Electron Microscopy (CAPSEM) started in 1984 at the 3rd APEM in Singapore. The President was Prof. H. Hashimoto. The office of the President was succeeded by Prof. Kehsin Kuo (1993-96), Prof. David Ryans (1997-2000), Prof. Makoto Shiojiri (2000-04) and Prof. Mary Mah-Lee Ng (2004-present). The CAPSEM decided to change its name to the Committee of Asia-Pacific Societies of Microscopy (CAPSM) in 2004. CAPSM was founded to foster the development of all aspects of electron microscopy by supporting existing activities and simulating new ones. The Committee supports and initiates specialized meetings, symposia and workshops. CAPSM also assists individual researchers and regional research groups in meeting their needs concerning aspects such as technical staff training while facilitating the interchange of information from prior meetings COMMITTEE The Korean Society of Microscopy (KSM) President : Hwack Joo Lee (Korea Research Institute of Standard & Science) Vice President : Sung Sik Han (Korea University) Jeong-Sik Ko (Soonchunhyang University) General Secretary : Chang-Sub Uhm (Korea University) Committee of Asia-Pacific Societies for Microscopy (CAPSM) Executive President : Mary Mah-Lee Ng (Singapore) Vice President : Makoto Shiojiri (Japan) General Secretary : Hing Hiang Lian (Malaysia) International Federaton of Societies for Microscopy (IFSM) Executive President : Christian Colliex (France) Vice President : David J.H. Cockayne (UK) General Secretary : C. Barry Carter (USA) v ORGANIZING COMMITTEE Organizing Committee of the APMC9 Chairperson : Hu-Chul Lee (Seoul National University) Vice Chairperson : Yung-Chien Teng (Yonsei University) Hwack Joo Lee (Korea Research Institute of Standard & Science) General Secretary : Chang-Sub Uhm (Korea University) Secretary : Young-Woon Kim (Seoul National University) Conference Operation : Jong Ryoul Kim (Hanyang Univ.) Miyoung Kim (Seoul Nat’l Univ.) Program Organizer : Jin Kim (Program Chair, Catholic University) Life Science : Sung Sik Han (Korea University) Chang-Sub Uhm (Korea University) Materials : Chan Gyung Park (Pohang Univ. Sci. & Tech.) Instrumentation : Se Ahn Song (Samsung Adv. Inst. Tech) Exhibition : Youn-Joong Kim (Korea Basic Science Institute) Financial : Dongwha Kum (KIST) Soo Jin Kim (Hallym University) Publication : Do Hyang Kim (Yonsei Univ.) Im Joo Rhyu (Korea University) Venue : Hwa Ja Lee (Jeju Nat’l Univ.) Byung Soo Chang (Hanseo Univ.) Keesam Shin (Changwon National Univ.) Members of Organizing Committee Biology : Kwon-Soo Ha Materials : Jae Pyung Ahn Miyoung Kim Medicine : Yong Chul Bae Su Ja Oh Instrumentation : HionSuck Baik Dae-Hong Ko Hwa Shik Youn Exhibition : Chun-sik Bae Keuk-Rae Joe Hee-Seok Kweon Financial : Chang Soon Kim Hung-Yup Lee Publication : Sung-Mook Cho Jong Seoung Yoon Venue : Chang-Hyun Park Hyesung Jeon Nam Hee Cho Gyung Soo Park Se Jin Hwang In Sun Park Pyuck-Pa Choi Hae Seong Lee Jondo Yun Byung-Pil Cho Ki-Woo Kim Eung-Chun Lee Jun-Ho Kim Dong-Ho Moon In Sun Kim Byung-Kap Jeong Geung Ho Kim Byung Hyuk Sohn Dong-Heui Kim Kyung Ah Park Moon Hi Hong Joong Keun Park Eun Soo Kim Jong Ryoul Kim Cheol-Woong Yang Young Ho Ko Hyunjung Shin Wonho Je Jun-Mo Yang Woo-Sub Hwang Young Ho Kim Dong-Ryong Jeong Young-Kon Kim Soo-Sung Kim Hong-Je Seo Beob-Yi Lee Jung-Hyun Kwon Ki-Wook Kim Young-Chul Yang Korean Advisory Board Rim Soon Choe In Young So Sang Joo Kim Seong Hwang Kim Yen Tae Lee Young Bok Roh Tae Jeong Sohn Jae-Hyun Lee Woo Kap Kim Jeong Hwan Seo Eui Keun Ham Hee Lai Lee Young Chul Shin vi Wang-Hyu Lee Myung-Kook Kim Jin-Woong Chung Chang-Hwan Chun International Advisory Board Alberto V. Amorsolo, Jr (Phillipines) Sukumal Chongthumkun (Thailand) S Thameem Dheen (Singapore) Shichiro Miyazawa (Japan) Allan Mitchell (New Zealand) S.K. Sharmar (India) Sunshine Chen (Taiwan) M. Dani (Indonesia) DouXing Li (China) Ji-Jung Kai (Taiwan) Ba Mynit (Myanmar) K.A. Shoaib (Pakistan) Kazuo Furuya (Japan) Brendan Griffin (Australia) Nguyen Van Man (Vietnam) Fauziah Othman (Malaysia) Heng Qiang Ye (China) APMC9 Conference Secretariat Young-Woon Kim, Professor Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, e-mail :
[email protected] Phone : +82-2-880-7977 Fax : +82-2-883-8197 ASPECTS OF THE CONFERENCE The impassioned members of the Korean Society of Microscopy (KSM) are working to organize the APMC9 programs with the support of the Committee of Asia-Pacific Societies for Microscopy (CAPSM) and the International Federation of Societies for Microscopy (IFSM). The APMC9 meeting will be held in conjunction with the 39th Annual Meeting of the Korean Society of Microscopy. Microscopy has become an essential tool for biological, engineering and medical research, as it has contributed to increasing our quality of life worldwide. APMC9 will be a 5-day event that acknowledges the contribution of microscopy to mankind in the fields of biological, medical, physical and instrumentational science. Each day will begin with plenary lectures, which will be presented by widely renowned leaders in microscopy, followed by 5 related topical sessions by various contributors. vii SCHOLARSHIP AWARDEES Sponsored by FEI Company, Hitachi High-Tech Co., JEOL Ltd., and Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd. Daizen Watanabe Milarosa Librea Wisuit Pradidarcheep Gan-Guang Liou Lunjie Zeng Guan-Chung Lai Naruwan Saowakon Pang Junxiong Vincent Pauline Basilia Bralee Chayasombat Zubaidah Abu Hassan Blessie A. Basilia Yoshiaki Ishino Lubos Danisovic Normalawati Shamsudin Su Hyun Kim Yong Wang Tae-Keun Kim Tomoyuki Hasegawa Su-Youn Lee Sang Hoon Lee Kim Long Yeo Tzu-Tong Kao Jun-Yeong Oh Manussabhron Sethadavit Shijian Zheng In-chul Jung Jaruwan Poljaroen Sung-Dae Kim Hyun-wook Kim Naoki Hosogi Guangming Cheng Jee-woong Kim Gang-Su Hyon Yoshihiko Kurui Nguyen Thanh Thuy Han Sung Kim Baodan Liu SeongYong Park Shumei Wang Hui Xing Raman Chandrasekar Shunsuke Komatsu Marya Pogorelova Cai Wen Akifumi Ono Zonghoon Lee Yu-Ling Huang Chuan Zhi Yu Fazilova Surayyo Mikyung Han Radek PELC Chandra Prakash Prasad Chu jang Hann Farid che Ghazali Siti Fatihah Binti Ariffin Bon Woong Koo Ih-ho Park Xu-Feng Qi Tan Boon Chiew Voon Siew Hui Shaza Azlin Abd. Razak Idris b. Sharif Nurhazwani Abdullah Shee Shu Jin viii SPON NSORS The org ganizing committee wouldd like to thannk the contribbutors for AP PMC9 Sponsoor with exxhibition FEI Com mpany Ca arl Zeiss Co., Ltd. Korea Hitachi High-Technologies Co. OL Ltd. JEO Gatan In nc. TESCAN Leica Miicrosystems Ltd L UMENT KORE A CO. NIKON INSTRU INTEC Corp. C for EDA AX/TSL Inc. ano Fine Tech h Na NAMOTEC Fisschione Instuments ng Solutions Olympus Soft Imagin Bru uker Korea Nanoanalysiss I Oxford Instruments KE EY ONE ENGIN NEERING CO. LTD Alicon Korea K Pacific Co. Ltd CO OXEM CO.LTD D SEC Co. Ltd Nanofacttory Inc Boeckelerr Instrumentss, Inc. JPK Insttruments AG CAMECA A Korea Quorum T Techonologie es Ltd. NT resea arch Seron Te ech. SAMCHANG TRADING G CO. National Center for Nanomateria N als Technology Millbrook k Instrumentss Ltd. KOS Inc.. ung INC Woomyu IXRF Systems. Inc Thermo Scientific HREM Re esearch Inc ix VENUE International Convention Center, Jeju 2700 Jungmun, Seowipo, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, 697-120 Korea Tel : +82-64-735-1000 Fax : +82-64-738-8922 Web : http://www.iccjeju.co.kr/eng/ CONFERENCE FLOOR PLANS x xi xii xiii PRESENTATION IN CONFERENCE PLENARY LECTURES The plenary session will start at 10:00 on Monday and 08:30 on Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday in the Halla Hall located on the 3rd floor. The plenary lecture is scheduled for 40 minutes. P-01 (Nov. 03, 10:00~10:40, Halla Hall) Wolfgang Baumeister Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany Cryoelectron Tomography: Defining the Functional Modules of Cells P-02 (Nov. 03, 10:40 ~ 11:20, Halla Hall) A. Tonomura Hitachi, Ltd., Japan The Quantum World Unveiled by Electron Waves P-03 (Nov. 04, 08:30 ~ 09:10, Halla Hall) N. Hirokawa, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan The Molecular Motors, Key for Life: Structure, Dynamics, and Functions P-04 (Nov. 05, 08:30 ~ 09:10, Halla Hall) Lian-Mao Peng Peking University, China Characterizing Individual Nanostructures: The Structure and Electrical, Mechanical, and Optical Properties P-05 (Nov. 06, 08:30 ~ 09:10, Halla Hall) Dongwha Kum Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Korea Nano-structural Characterization of Advanced Materials using Electron Microscope ORAL PRESENTATION The oral sessions, including the invited talks, will be done in rooms 301, 302, 303, 401, 402, Samda1 and Samda2. The location and name of each hall for the oral sessions are indicated in the conference floor plan. Please note that a PC projector and a computer will be provided in each conference room for the oral sessions. Speakers may bring their own portable computer. Operation staff will set up a media center near the registration desk at the conference so that presenters can check the compatibility of their computers with the projectors and review the presentation materials on the computer provided by the operation committee. If you want to use the public computer in the presentation room, files should be prepared using Microsoft PowerPoint with standard fonts (Arial, Times New Roman, or any other fonts provided by Microsoft). Be sure to bring your PowerPoint file and supporting files (if any) in a CD-ROM or USB xiv drive so that you can copy it onto the computer before the sessions. Oral presenters should copy all the presentation materials at least 10 minutes before their sessions start, and they should also at that time alert the Chairman about their presence to help their sessions run smoothly. The compatibility of your presentation materials with our computers is not 100% guaranteed. Speakers must check the compatibility of the presentation materials using the computers in the media center before copying their presentation materials onto the computer in the session room. If you want to use your own computer, the operation staff of the conference will set up and support the connection between each speaker's computer and the projector. Macintosh computers will be provided for the presenters who use Macintosh. Please visit the Conference Headquarter Room located on the 3rd floor. POSTER PRESENTATION The poster sessions are scheduled on Tuesday and Thursday afternoon from 13:00 to 14:00. The sessions will be held on the first floor. The ID of each poster is given at the end of each summary in this program book. Please verify your ID on the poster panel before you display it. The paper should be posted on the board assigned to you by the Program Committee. The title of paper as well as the names of the author(s) and their affiliations should all be clearly visible at the top of the poster. The poster should have large, legible text fonts and figures, and should describe the results in the same manner as the oral presentation. It should be clear to readers even in author's absence. Authors are advised to stay with their posters during the poster discussions in order to communicate with the participants. The authors for Tuesday’s poster session should display their posters from 18:00 Monday to 12:00 Wednesday, and for Thursday’s poster session, from 18:00 Wednesday to 12:00 Friday. The posters still being displayed after the designated posting time will be discarded. SPECIAL SESSIONS PRE-CONFERENCE WORKSHOP Nov. 02 (SUN) 14:00 ~ 17:00 Room : 401, 402 1. TEM image and diffraction simulation using JEMS software (Room 402) Pierre Stadelmann, EPFL, Switzerland 2. How to get the Best of Electron Microscopy with Monte Carlo Simulations (Room 401) Raynald Gauvin, McGill University, Canada xv M12 (S1). MEMORIAL SYMPOSIUM of Prof. Keshin Kuo Nov. 06 (THU) 09:30~18:00 Room : Samda2 LUNCHEON SEMINAR 302 303 401 402 Nov. 03 (Monday) Nov. 04 (Tuesday) CAPSM MEETING Date : Thursday, November 06 Time : 12:00~14:00 Room : 304, Jeju ICC IFSM MEETING Date : Wednesday, November 05 Time : 14:00~18:00 Room : Weolla Room, Shiila Hotel KSM COUNSEL/GENERAL MEETING Date : Wednesday, November 5 Time : 12:00~13:00 Room : 402, Jeju ICC SATELITE MEETING The 38th SEIRIKEN Conference Frontiers of biological Microscopy – Synergy of the Advanced Technologies Nov. 10~12, 2008 Okazaki Conference Center, Okazaki, Japan Organizer : National Institute for Physiological Sciences (Japan) and JIST Chairperson & Contact : Kuniaki Nagayama (
[email protected]) SOCIAL PROGRAM WELCOME RECEPTION Date : Monday, November 02 Time : 18:30~20:00 Place : Ocean View, Jeju ICC (5th floor) CONFERENCE BANQUET Date : Wednesday, November 05 Time : 18:30~20:00 Place : Tamna Hall, Jeju ICC (5th floor) xvi EXCURSION Nov. 05 (Wednesday) 13:00 ~ Route 1 - Volcanic island Jeju ICC-Seongsan Ilchulbong-Jeju Folk Village (Movie setting place for drama, “Dae-Jang-Geum”)- ICC Seongsan Ilchulbong is famous site for the Route 2 – Natural Beauty of Jeju ICC-Light hiking through cedars - Garden of Rocks-SanGeumBooli-ICC Route 3 – Peaceful Jeju ICC-YakCheon temple –SanBang Mountain – Rock of dragon – Garden of Meditation(dwarfed potted plants) - ICC ACCOMPANYING PERSON PROGRAMS The Organizing Committee of APMC9 will provide these tours to the accompanying persons. These tours include transportation, translator service and lunch. The itinerary may be subject to change. Full-day tour 1 : Southern Coast of Jeju Island Date : November 03, 2008 (Monday) Price : US$ 69 Course : Hotel - Heopjae & SSangyoung Cave - Mt.Sanbang - Lunch - Chenjaeyeon waterfalls International Convention Center(All-in drama set) or International peace center(waxwork) - Lotte dutyfree shop or Grocer's shop - Hotel Full-day tour 2 : Eastern Coast of Jeju Island Date : November 06, 2008 (Thursday) Price : US$ 65 Course : Hotel - Manjang Cave - Seongsan sunrise peak - Seopjiloji - Lunch - Horse riding(selected tour) - Park southernland(Korean Fantasy Blockbuster Drama/Soap Opera "Tae Wang Sa Sin Gih) - Shilla Duty-free shop or grocer's shop - Hotel Half-day tour : Peaceful Jeju Date : November 05, 2008 (Wednesday) Price : Free of charge Course : ICC - YakCheon temple - SanBang Mountain - Yongmeori Cliff - Garden of Meditation(dwarfed potted plants) - ICC For the details, please refer the website of APMC9, www.apmc9.or.kr. xvii EXHIBITION The 1st floor of ICC Jeju Monday, November 03 13:00 ~ 17:00 Tuesday, Nov. 04 ~ Thursday, Nov. 06 09:30 ~ 17:00 BOOTH # EXHIBITOR BOOTH # EXHIBITOR 1 FEI Company 20 Gatan Inc. 2 Carl Zeiss Co., Ltd. Korea 21 TESCAN 3 EDAX JAPAN K.K 22 WOOMYOUNG INC. 4 Nanofactory Instruments Inc 23 SEC Co., LTD 5 Bruker BioSciences Korea Co., LTD 24 SAMCHANG TRADING CO. 6 Thermo Scientific 25 CAMECA Korea 7 Seron Technologies Inc. 26 JPK Instruments AG 8 NAMOTEC 27 NT Research Inc. 9 NIKON INSTRUMENT KOREA CO., LTD 28 KEY ONE ENGINEERING CO., LTD 10 Olympus Soft Imaging Solutions 29 Alicona Korea Pacific Co. LTD 11 JEOL LTD 30 COXEM CO., LTD 12 Oxford Instruments Nanoanalysis 31 Boeckeler Instruments, Inc. 13 HREM Research Inc 32 KOS, Inc 14 Leica Microsystems LTD., Korea 33 Korea Institute of Science and Technology 15 Fischione Instuments 34 Microscopy and Analysis 16 IXRF Systems, Inc 35 17 Quorum Techonologies LTD 36 Korea Basic Science Institute National Center for Nanomaterials Technology 18 Nano Fine Tech 19 Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation 37 Exhibition Floor Plan xviii Millbrook Instruments Limited xix Nov.06 (THU) Nov.07 (FRI) PLENARY LECTURE 5 Nov.05 (WED) PLENARY LECTURE 3 09:00 PLENARY LECTURE 4 Nov.04 (TUE) Nov.03 (MON) Nov.02 (SUN) 08:30 PLENARY LECTURE 2 11:00 L-03 (Rm.302) L-06 (Rm.301) M-12 (S1) (Samda2) M-11 (Samda1) M-01 (Rm.303) I-07/Holography (Rm.401) I-07/Tomography (Rm.402) L-04 (Rm.302) L-05 (Rm.301) M-10 (Samda1) M-05 (Samda2) I-11 (Rm.401) I-05 (Rm.402) L-06 (Rm.301) M-06 (Samda1) M-09 (Rm.303) I-12 (Rm.401) I-04 (Rm.402) E X H I B I T I O N L-06 (Rm.302) L-02 (Rm.301) M-03 (Samda1) M-04 (Samda2) I-03 (Rm.401) I-02 (Rm.402) PLENARY LECTURE 1 L-08(Rm.302) O P E N I N G 10:00 T O U R 12:00 POSTER (1 F) CLOSING CEREMONY LUNCH POSTER (1 F) CAPSM MEETING (Rm.304) LUNCH KSM Counsel/General Meeting (Rm. 402) LUNCH LUNCH 13:00 TIME TABLE 15:00 16:00 I-05 (Rm.402) I-09 (Rm.401) L-05 (Rm.302) L-14 (Rm.301) M-07 (Samda1) L-13 (Rm.302) L-01 (Rm.301) L-07 (Rm.302) M-12 (S1) (Samda2) M-11 (Samda1) M-01 (Rm.303) I-06 (Rm.401) I-07/Tomography (Rm.402) EXCURSION IFSM MEETING (Weolla Room , Shiila Hotel) L-06 (Rm.302) 17:00 L-11 (Rm.302) M-04 (Samda2) L-12 (Rm.301) M-03 (Samda1) I-02 (Rm.402) I-03 L-10 (Rm.301) M-08 (Samda1) M-02 (Samda2) I-08 (Rm.401) I-01 (Rm.402) Pre-Conference Workshop REGISTRATION L-09 (Rm.302) 14:00 18:00 CONFERENCE BANQUET (Tamna Hall) WELCOME RECEPTION 19:00 xx Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy and X-ray Spectrometry In-situ Dynamics in TEM and SEM Electron Tomography and Electron Holography FIB and Sample Preparation Advanced Optical Microscopy and Scanning Probe Microscopy I05. I06. I07. I08. I09. Nanometer-sized Materials : dots, particles, tubes and fibers Semiconductors and LSI Device Materials Surfaces, Interfaces and Grain Boundaries Metals, Alloys and Steels Ceramics and Inorganic Materials Magnetic and Super-conducting Materials Amorphous Materials and Quasicrystals M01. M02. M03. M04. M05. M06. M07. Materials Science Atom Probe Microscopy Electron Crystallography and Image/Spectrum Processing I04. I12. High Voltage TEM I03. X-ray Microscopy SEM Instrumentation I02. I11. TEM and STEM Instrumentation I01. Instrumentation and Techniques 43 Nov.04(Tue) Nov.07(Fri) Nov.04(Tue) Nov.05(Wed) 401 402 Nov.06(Thu) Nov.03(Mon) Nov.04(Tue) Nov.04(Tue) Nov.05(Wed) Nov.07(Fri) Nov.04(Tue) Samda2 Samda1 Samda2 Samda2 Samda1 Samda1 Nov.07(Fri) 401 303 Nov.05(Wed) Nov.04(Tue) Nov.03(Mon) Nov.06(Thu) 401 401 401 402 401, 401 Nov.06(Thu) 22 Nov.04(Tue) 402 402 78 Nov.03(Mon) 402 33 83 45 26 30 10 60 79 44 25 7 52 55 57 23 20 5 Date(day) Room Page Life Science Nov.04(Tue) Nov.04(Tue) Nov.07(Fri) 302 302 301 Nov.06(Thu) Nov.04(Tue) 301 L14. Laser Optics for Biology and Nano-biotechnology Nov.04(Tue) Nov.03(Mon) Nov.03(Mon) Nov.03(Mon) Nov.05(Wed) 302 301 302 301 302 302 Nov.06(Thu) Nov.05(Wed) 301 302 Nov.05(Wed) Nov.06(Thu) Nov.04(Tue) Nov.06(Thu) Nov.06(Thu) Nov.06(Thu) Nov.05(Wed) Nov.07(Fri) Nov.03(Mon) Date(day) 302 302 301 301 Samda2 Samda1 Samda1 303 Samda1 Room L13. Diagnostic Approach by Electron Microscopy in Medicine L12. Confocal Microscopy in Neurobiology L11. New Phase Contrast Methods for TEM and their Applications L10. Advanced Techniques in Biological Preparation and Observation L09. Applications of Stereology in Life Science L08. Synapses and Synaptic Plasticity L07. Recent Progress of Fucntional Morphology of the Kidney L06. Cells and Tissues Structures L05. Immunocytochemistry and Histochemistry L04. Plasma-membrane and Cell-organelles Societies L03. High Voltage and Analytical Electron Microscopy in Biology L02. Cellular Electron Tomography L01. Cryo-electron Microscopy for Single Particles M12. (S1) Special Session M11. Applications to Materials Science and Engineerings M10. Geological/Minerological Materials M09. Radiation Effects M08. Polymer/Organic/Biomimectic/Medical Materials LIST OF SYMPOSIA 37 75 36 18 13 17 38 76 68, 84 39 41 49 50 73 34 71 67 64 47 81 12 Page PROGRAM AT A GLANCE ORAL PRESENTATION November 03, 2008 Monday AM Time Room 09:20~12:05 401 09:20~12:00 Samda2 M-04) Metals, Alloys and Steels 09:20~11:50 Samda1 M-03) Surface, Interfaces and Grain Boundaries 09:20~12:00 301 L-02) Cellular Tomography 09:20~10:50 302 L-08) Synapses and Synaptic Plasticity 11:00~12:00 302 L-06) Cells Structures Symposium 09:30~10:00 Halla Hall Opening Ceremony 10:00~10:40 Halla Hall Plenary Lecture 1 10:40~11:20 Halla Hall Plenary Lecture 2 I-03) HV-TEM and Electron Tissues PM 13:30~18:00 402 I-01) TEM and STEM Instrumentation 13:30~17:50 401 I-08) FIB and Sample Preparation 14:00~16:00 402 I-02) SEM Instrumentation 16:20~18:00 402 I-05) Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy and X-ray Spectrometry 14:00~14:45 401 I-03) HV-TEM 15:00~18:05 401 L-10) Advanced Techniques in Biological Sample Preparation and Observation I-09) Advanced Optical Microscopy and Scanning Probe Microscopy 14:00~17:20 Samda2 M-04) Metals, Alloys and Steels 14:00~15:30 Samda1 M-03) Surface, Interfaces and Grain Boundaries 15:40~18:25 Samda1 M-07) Amorphous Materials and Quasicrystals 14:00~16:00 301 L-12) Confocal Microscopy in Neurobiology 16:20~18:00 301 L-14) Laser Optics for Biology and Nano-Biotechnology 14:00~15:15 302 L-06) Cells Structures 15:40~17:40 302 L-05) Immunocytochemistry and Histochemistry 14:00~16:55 Samda2 M-02) Semiconductors & LSI Device Materials 14:00~17:05 Samda1 M-08) Polymer/ Organic and Biomimetic/ Medical Materials 13:30~17:45 301 13:30~15:10 302 L-09) Applications of Stereology in Life Science 15:20~18:05 302 L-11) New Phase Contrast Methods for TEM and Their Applications PM November 04, 2008 Tuesday AM 08:30~09:10 Halla Hall 09:20~11:50 402 Plenary Lecture 3 I-02) SEM Instrumentation xxi and Tissues November 05, 2008 Wednesday PM AM Time 08:30~09:10 Room Halla Hall Symposium 14:00~16:10 402 I-07) Electron Tomography 14:00~18:10 401 I-06) In situ Dynamics in TEM and SEM 14:00~17:30 303 M-01) Nanometer-sized Materials: Dots. Particles Wires, Tubes and Fiber 14:00~16:45 Samda1 M-11) Applications to Materials science and Engineering Plenary Lecture 4 09:20~11:10 402 I-05) Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy and X-ray Spectrometry 09:20~12:05 401 I-11) X-ray Microscopy 09:20~12:20 Samda2 M-05) Ceramics and Inorganic Materials 14:30~18:10 Samda2 M-12 (S1))Memorial Symposium of Professor K. H. Kuo 09:20~11:50 Samda1 M-10) Geological / Minerological Materials 14:00~17:15 301 L-01) Cryo-Electron Microscopy for Single Particles 09:50~11:20 301 L-05) Immunocytochemistry and Histochemistry 14:00~15:50 302 L-13) Diagnostic Approach by Electron Microscopy in Medicine 302 L-04) Plasma-Membrane and Cell-Organelles Societies 16:00~18:15 302 L-07) Recent Progress of Funtional Morphology of the Kidney 09:20~11:40 November 06, 2008 Thursday November 07, 2008 Friday AM AM 08:30~09:10 Halla Hall 09:20~11:20 Plenary Lecture 5 09:00~12:00 402 I-04) Electron Crystallo-graphy and Image / Spectrum Processing 402 I-07) Electron Tomography 09:00~11:45 402 I-12) Atom Probe Microscopy 09:20~11:50 401 I-07) Electron Holography 09:20~12:05 303 M-09) Radiation Effects Samda1 303 M-01) Nanometer-sized Materials: Dots. Particles Wires, Tubes and Fiber 09:20~12:05 09:20~12:05 09:20~11:30 301 09:20~12:05 Samda1 M-11) Applications to Materials science and Engineering 09:20~12:00 Samda2 M-12 (S1))Memorial Symposium of Professor K. H. Kuo 09:20~11:45 301 L-06) Cells and Tissues Structures 09:20~11:50 302 L-03) High Voltage and Analytical Electron Microscopy in Life Sciences xxii M-06) Magnetic and Superconducting materials L-06) Cells Structures and Tissues POSTER PRESENTATION November 04, 2008 November 06, 2008 Tuesday st 1 Floor Thursday st 13:00 ~ 14:00 1 Floor 13:00 ~ 14:00 I-01) TEM and STEM Instrumentation (I01-12 ~ 16) I-04) Electron Crystallography and Image/Spectrum I-02) SEM Instrumentation (I02-14 ~ 22) Processing (I04-08 ~ 09) I-03) HV-TEM (I03-09 ~ 20) I-06) In situ Dynamics in TEM and SEM (I06-12 ~ 13) I-05) Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy and X-ray I-07) Electron Tomography (I07-24 ~ 34) Spectrometry (I05-09 ~ 13) I-07) Electron Holography (I07-35) I-08) FIB and Sample Preparation (I08-14 ~ 17) I-11) X-ray Microscopy (I11-08 ~ 09) I-09) Advanced Optical Microscopy and Scanning Probe I-12) Atom Probe Microscopy (I12-07 ~ 08) Microscopy (I09-08 ~ 10) M-01) anometer-sized Materials: Dots. Particles Wires, M-02) Semiconductors & LSI Device Materials (M02-09 Tubes and Fiber (M01-21 ~ 47) ~ 23) M-06) Magnetic and Super-conducting Materials M-03) Surface, Interfaces and Grain Boundaries (M03-12 (M06-10 ~ 16) ~ 23) M-09) Radiation Effects (M09-09 ~ 18) M-04) Metals, Alloys and Steels (M04-19 ~ 51) M-10) Geological/ Minerological Materials (M10-07 ~ M-05) Ceramics and inorganic materials (M05-09 ~ 16) 09) M-07) Amorphous Materials and Quasicrystals (M07-09 ~ M-11) Applications to Materials science and 15) Engineering (M11-19 ~ 41) M-08) Polymer/Organic and Biomimetic/Medical M-12) Memorial Symposium of Professor K. H. Kuo Materials (M08-09 ~ 18) (M12-16 ~ 20) L-02) Cellular Electron Tomography (L02-07 ~ 09) L-01) Cryo-Electron Microscopy for Single Particles L-05) Immunocytochemistry and Histochemistry (L05-14 (L01-10 ~ 14) ~ 27) L-04) Plasma-Membrane and Cell-Organelles Societies L-06) Cells and Tissues Structures (L06-23 ~ 46) (L04-07 ~ 10) L-08) Synapses and Synaptic Plasticity (L08-04) L-05) Immunocytochemistry and Histochemistry L-09) Applications of Stereology in Life Science (L09-05) (L05-28 ~ 37) L-10) Advanced Techniques in Biological Sample L-06) Cells and Tissues Structures (L06-47 ~ 74) Preparation and Observation (L10-12 ~ 28) L-07) Recent Progress of Functional Morphology of L-11) New Phase Contrast Methods for TEM and Their the Kidney (L07-08 ~ 11) Applications (L11-10 ~ 14) L-13) Diagnostic Approach by Electron Microscopy in L-12) Confocal Microscopy in Neurobiology (L12-06) Medicine (L13-06 ~ 10) xxiii PLENARY LECTURE SCIENTIFIC PROGRAM Plenary Lecture November 03, 2008 Halla Hall Chair: Sung Sik Han 10:00-10:40 Cryoelectron Tomography: Defining the Functional Modules of Cells: Wolfgang Baumeister; Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany Electron Tomography (ET) is uniquely suited to obtain 3-D images of large pleiomorphic structures. While the principles of ET have been known for decades, its use has gathered momentum only in recent years. Technological advances have made it possible to develop automated data acquisition procedures. This, in turn, allowed to reduce the total electron dose to levels low enough for studying radiation sensitive biological materials embedded in vitreous ice. As a result, we are now poised to combine the power of high-resolution 3-D imaging with the best possible preservation of the specimen. Chair: Se Ahn Song 10:40-11:20 The Quantum World Unveiled by Electron Waves: A. Tonomura; Hitachi, Ltd, Hatoyama, Saitama, 350-0395, Japan, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan, OIST, 12-22, Suzaki, Uruma, Okinawa, 904-2234, Japan Bright beams such as lasers and synchrotron radiation play a decisive role in opening up new windows for investigating microscopic structures of materials. We have repeatedly developed brighter electron beams since 1968 to utilize the phase information in an electron beam. As it turned out, every time we developed a brighter electron beam, the precision in the phase measurements increased thus opening up new applications. It has become possible to carry out fundamental experiments in quantum mechanics that were once regarded as “thought experiments”. Such experiments include single-electron build-up of an interference pattern and conclusive experiments on the Aharonov-Bohm effect. Also, visualizing magnetic lines of force in h/e flux units by interference microscopy and dynamically visualizing quantized vortices in superconductors by Lorentz microscopy has become possible. In spring 2000, we completed a 1-MV microscope that has the brightest beam ever obtained, and we have begun obtaining various new results on the vortex behaviors inside high-Tc superconductors, such as the observations of vortices trapped along tilted columnar defects in Bi-2212 film and elucidations of the mechanism for forming a special arrangement of vortices, the chain-lattice state, that reflects the layered structure of the material. November 04, 2008 Halla Hall Chair: Chang-Sub Uhm 08:30-09:10 The Molecular Motors, Key for Life: Structure, Dynamics and Functions: N. Hirokawa; Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan The intracellular transport is fundamental for cell morphogenesis, functioning and survival. To elucidate this mechanism we have identified and characterized kinesin superfamily proteins, KIFs, using molecular cell biology, molecular genetics, biophysics, X ray crystallography and cryoelectron microscopy. KIF1A and KIF1B beta transport synaptic vesicle precursors and play essential roles on neuronal function and survival. KIF1B alpha and KIF5s transport mitochondria. KIF17 conveys NMDA type glutamate receptors, important for memory and learning, in dendrites through the interaction with scaffolding protein complex containing mLin10 (Mint1). AMPA type glutamate receptors are transported by KIF5s via GRIP1-GluR2 interaction. KIF5s also transport specific mRNAs with a large protein complex composed of 42 proteins. KIF2A, a unique middle motor domain KIF, plays a significant role in brain wiring by depolymerizing microtubules in growth cones and controlling extension of axonal branches. KIF3 complex composed of KIF3A, KIF3B and KAP3 is fundamental for left-right determination of our body through formation of monocilia in the ventral node which rotate and generate leftward flow of extra embryonic fluid, nodal flow. This nodal flow conveys vesicular parcels containing Sonic hedgehog and retinoic acid secreted from node cells by the trigger with FGF signaling toward left and determines left-right asymmetry. Conditional gene targeting 1 PLENARY LECTURE study of KAP3, an associated protein of KIF3 motor complex revealed that KIF3 suppresses tumorigenesisby transporting N cadherin – beta-catenin complex from cytoplasm which works as a transcriptional factor in the nucleus and enhances cell proliferation from Golgi to plasma membrane. KIF4 binds poly ADP ribose polymerase 1(PARP1) and works as a molecular switch to control activity dependent neuronal survival during brain development. Thus, KIFs play a number of significant roles not only on intracellular transport, but also on higher brain functions, brain wiring, fundamental developmental events such as left-right asymmetry, tumorigenesis and activity dependent neuronal survival during brain development. Concerning the mechanism of motility we discovered KIF 1A, a unique monomeric motor and revealed high resolution structures of motor domain at atomic level by cryoEM combined with X-ray crystallography of 5 different nucleotide binding states during ATP hydrolysis. Because previously identified motors function as dimers such as kinesin, dynein and myosin, the prevailing hypothesis for motor movement was the hand over hand model, which means a motor needs two legs to move as humans do. However, we demonstrated that the single monomeric KIF1A motor can move processively on microtubules by biased Brownian movement using biophysical approaches such as single molecule motility assay and optical trapping combined with cryoelectron microscopy and X-ray crystallography. Atomic structures of AMP/PCP (preisomerization, strong binding) state, AMP/PNP (prehydrolysis, strong binding) state, ADP/AlFx (early ADP/Pi, strong binding) state, ADP vanadate (late ADP/Pi, active detaching) state and ADP (weak binding) state were solved and it was shown that KIF1A uses two microtubule-binding loops in an alternating manner to change its interaction with microtubules during ATP hydrolysis cycles; loop 11 is extended to bind helix 11’ of tubulin in protofilament in the AMP-PNP state, then loop 11 dissociates from tubulin at ADP vanadate state in which KIF1A actively detaches from microtubules and at ADP state loop 12 extends and K-loop in loop 12 binds flexible C-terminus of tubulin (E-hook) which allows Brownian movement of KIF1A. Then after ADP release KIF1A moves to the microtubule’s plus end on binding to the microtubule. The slow rate-limiting ADP release from free kinesin is accelerated by more 104-fold following interaction with MT. Therefore, ADP release is a key fundamental regulatory step for kinesin. We propose an atomic mechanism for this regulation based on five new crystal structures of ADP-releasing intermediatesof the monomeric kinesin KIF1A and supporting kinetic measurements of mutant KIF1As. Mg2+ and its coordinating water form a stable and dense hydrogenbonded network, which is called the Mg2+-water cap, to tightly trap ADP in the nucleotide-binding pocket. Release of this cap precedes ADP release, accompanied by 2 breakage of the link between switches I and II. Loop L7 mediates this link by acting like a latch to keep these two elements together. A stereospecific interaction between latch loop L7 and beta-tubulin breaks the latch interaction between switches I and II, which induces rapid removal of the Mg2+-water cap and rapid release of ADP. The large conformational change of the switch II complex accompanying the ADP release is tightly coupled with the movement of the neck-linker, suggesting a role in the straindependent regulation of ATPase activity. These two unique built-in regulatorymechanisms will enable efficient mechanochemical energy conversion in kinesins. November 05, 2008 Halla Hall Chair: Chan Gyung Park 08:30-09:10 Characterizing Individual Nanostructures: the Structure and Electrical, Mechanical and Optical Properties: Lian-Mao Peng; Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China Carbon nanotube (CNT) and semiconductor nanowire (NW) materials are important building materials for nanotechnology. These materials may be synthesized via a range of physical and chemical methods, and new nanotube and NW materials are being produced every day. Measurements on individual nanostructures remain, however, difficult and it is even more challenging to control the property of these nanomaterials via structure modification at near atomic resolution. A very promising and perhaps the best method to tackle these problems is to combine the scanning tunnelling microscope (STM) with the electron microscope (EM) so that manipulation and structure modification may be made via a highly controllable fashion on individual nanostructure, and their real time electrical, mechanical and optical properties can be measured in-situ inside the electron microscope. We first consider the measurements of the commonly encountered vertically grown NW arrays. Despite the tremendous effort devoted to the growth of these NW arrays, non-uniformity still exists. Unlike most of the physical properties of an NW film, which are mainly determined by the majority NWs, the electrical property of the vertical grown NW film is often dominated by a few NWs having good contacts to the external measurement circuit. Although STM and atomic force microscope (AFM) can be used to probe the individual NWs, these techniques require that the buckling. The load for this mode of bucking can be estimated yielding a critical load of 10nN. The local strain of the nanotube can be estimated using the high resolution TEM (HRTEM) image via =Rout/Rc, with Rout and Rc being the radius of the tube and curvature respectively. The nanotube becomes unstable when the strain is more than 7%, and failure occurs eventually when the strain reaches 13-14%. A versatile technique has also been developed which converts the photoluminescence (PL) into a local technique. This technique utilizes the use of suspended individual NWs on the tip of our nanoprobe, and allows comprehensive optical, electrical, and microstructure characterization of the same nanostructure. The incorporation of the nanomanipulator with the micro-PL measurement enables convenient identification of the NW position using the corresponding SEM image as the reference. For the NW with regular shape, only slight difference in UV to visible emission ratios was observed for the two parts with different diameters. On the other hand, for the NW with irregular shape and rougher surface, with the decrease of the diameter, dramatically increased green emission and decreased UV emission can be observed. PLENARY LECTURE NW thin film has a smooth surface and this is no the case commonly encountered in practice. A rough top surface, as those commonly associated with the NW array film, would result in tip breaking and/or difficultly in judging the tip-sample height. On the other hand, the multiple probe system inside the scanning electron microscope (SEM) provides an idea solution to investigate the electrical properties of individual NWs in the NW film, particularly in the presence of multi-junctions. An individual NW can be selected from the NW film and the probe can be located at any desired portion of the individual NW in a “see-and-probe” manner. In this way, the topography of the surface is no longer a restriction for the measurement and each individual junction along the NW can be investigated separately. Another important advantage of this in-situ method is that quantitative analysis of the electric characteristics of semiconducting NW requires the detailed structure parameters of the NW being measured, and EM observations provide just the required information. A typical two terminal I-V characteristic and the diameter, length etc. of the NW may readily be obtained from corresponding TEM image providing valuable input for the quantitative analysis of the transport property of the semiconductor NWs. While it is very convenient to carry out manipulation and electrical measurements on individual nanostructure in a SEM, the resolution of the SEM is limited and the vacuum level is typically not as good as in a transmission electron microscope (TEM). The higher resolution and vacuum level in a TEM has been utilized for revealing the important role played by the CNT tip structure on its electron field emission characteristics and effects of deformation on the conductance of the CNT. These experiments show clearly that the conductance of the large diameter multi-walled CNT is not easily affected by deformation and these CNTs may in principle be used in the fabrication of novel nanoelectronic circuit as interconnects. The mechanical properties of individual nanostructures can also been studied in-situ by a range of techniques, including pulling and bending tests. In a typical experiment, two metal electrodes were used. The first electrode was a microscopically flat Pt tip that was prepared by simply cutting a pure Pt wire of 0.3 mm using a scissor. The second electrode was a very sharp W-tip with a radius of curvature of several tens nm. The W-tip was connected to a piezotube that allows a fine movement of the W-tip in three dimensions over several micrometers. Before the test the nanotube has a uniform diameter consisting of 9 layers. The failure occurs at the outmost shell of the nanotube via a so called “sword-in-sheath” fracture mechanism, and this is similar to that observed for the CNTs. On the other hand, different bending deformation is observed for the WS2 nanotube. The bent tube profile resembles slender column in the second mode of November 06, 2008 Halla Hall Chair: Do Hyang Kim 08:30-09:10 Nano-structural Characterization of Advanced Materials using Electron Microscope: Dongwha Kum; President, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 39-1 Hawolgok-dong, Sungbuk-ku, Seoul 136-791, Korea Performance and properties of a given material is mainly governed by its microstructural elements such as grain size, distribution of phases and defect density, which has been the essential tools for metallurgists and materials scientists. It cannot be emphasized enough that the history of advanced materials development has kept pace with the development of microstructural characterization techniques.Compound optical microscope was invented in early 17th centuries and affected all aspects of human history. Looking into the microscope, we learned about the microworld of living creatures and overcame disease from microorganisms. Looking up the sky through the telescope, we started exploring the universe. Similarly, microstructures examined by the microscope have provided clues to understand the behavior of materials in the microscopic scale. This tradition has continued up to now and brought instruments with better resolutions using electrons and X-rays, as well as atomic probes. Now it is naturally accepted that seeing atomic arrangements in materials is just 3 PLENARY LECTURE one of routine operations of modern microscopes. Recent advent of nano-technology in many engineering and scientific fields is largely indebted to these advanced microscopes and associated techniques. Resolution of modern electron microscope is at picometer level and this includes both image resolution and spatial resolution. In addition, energy resolution of the spectro- meter has improved to sub eV range. Combining picometer resolution and sub eV energy resolution, one can now easily obtain chemical, structural, electric and magnetic informationfrom sub nm regions of the sample from the electron microscope. Not only from the hardware development, the capability of the electron microscope expands explosively with newly developed software for quantitative information retrieval with single atom sensitivity and/or picometer strain measurements. One of the direct beneficiaries of advanced electron microscopy is in the field of information technology where the circuit size of memory device far surpassed the micron scale. Characterization with high-resolution microscopy played a crucial role pushing the limit of integration into the nanometer range. Another important development in advanced materials research benefited from electron microscopy is scrutiny of natural and/or ancient materials. Advanced microscopy techniques provide different perspectives on natural or ancient materials and change our views on these materials. Nature provides wide variety of micro / nanostructural examples of materials with excellent or unique properties over engineering counterpart. Biomimetic approach mimics such natural microstucture to take advantage of superior properties and this approach is only fruitful with thorough understanding of complex and hierarchical microstructure at every length scale. Such structural color display is common in Nature and electron microscopic observation reveals true origin of the color. Inspirations for advanced materials can be found also from ancient artifacts through nanoscale characterization. One of the excellent examples is Damascus sword, where carbon nanotube and fiber reinforcements are found in the sword dating back to 10th century. The role of electron microscopy has been important in Korea with rapidly emerging technological fields such as nanotechnology and bio-nano technology. As a core research institute in Korea, KIST put much effort to meet the global standard in characterization and recent acquisition of monochromated, aberration corrected TEM is the result of such effort. However, we also realize the importance of other specialized microscopy techniques with photons or atomic probes and examples are shown in the field of molecular / biological imaging with multi-photon microscopy. 4 November 03, 2008 MONDAY I-01) TEM and STEM Instrumentation Organized by Joong-Keun Park and Kunio Takayangi Room 402 13:30 ~ 18:00 13:30-14:00 Invited Recent Corrector Developments for Highresolution Electron Microscopy: Max Haider, H. Müller, S. Uhlemann, P. Hartel and J. Zach; CEOS GmbH, Englerstr. 28, D-69126 Heidelberg, Germany The hexapole corrector has been steadily improved over time in order to achieve a stable and reliable corrector capable for high resolution imaging modes with such a Cs-corrected TEM or STEM. Nevertheless, the largest illumination cone in STEM and the highest acceptance angle in TEM are limited by either the chromatic aberration and/or by high order aberrations. The chromatic aberration cannot be counterbalanced in a hexapole-corrector but in a more complicated quadru-octupole-corrector as described below. The disturbing fifth-order aberration, which is the six-fold astigmatism A5, can be reduced in an advanced hexapole-corrector to a level which allows an increase of the illumination angle up to more than 40 mrad. I01-01 14:00-14:15 The Newly Installed Aberration Corrected and De dicated STEM (Hitachi HD2700C) at Brookhaven National Laboratory: Hiromi Inada1, Y. Zhu2, J. Wall2, V. Volkov2, K. Nakamura3, M. Konno3, K. Kaji3, K. Jarausch1 and R.D. Twesten4; 1Nanotech Systems Division, Hitachi High Technologies America, Inc., 5100 Franklin Dr. Pleasanton, CA 94588 USA, 2 Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA, 3Nanotech Products Business Group, Hitachi High Technologies Corp., 884 Ichige, Hitachinaka, Ibaraki, 312-8504 Japan, 4Gatan Inc., 5794 W. Las Positas Blvd. Pleasanton, CA 94588 USA The Hitachi HD2700C was recently successfully installed at the newly established Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Lab (BNL).The BNL HD2700C has a cold-field-emission electronsource with high brightness and small energy spread, ideal for atomically resolved STEM imaging and special high resolution EELS. The instrument was delivered in July, 2007. Within two weeks of the start of the installation, 0.1nm resolution of HAADFSTEM image was achieved. The microscope capables high energy resolution EELS spectroscopy which is 0.35eV for 10s. I01-02 ORAL MONDAY Chair: Kunio Takayanagi 14:15-14:45 Invited Investigation of Point Defects by AberrationCorrected STEM and First-Principles Theory: S.J. Pennycook1,2, M. Varela1, A.R. Lupini1, A.Y. Borisevich1, W. Luo1,2, D. Kumar3, S-H. Oh4, P. Werner5, N.D. Zakharov5, S. Molina6, K. van Benthem7, S. Rashkeev8, K. Griffin Roberts9, K.M. Krishnan9 and S.T. Pantelides2,1; 1Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA, 2Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA, 3 Department of Mechanical Engineering, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27410, USA, 4 Korea Basic Science Institute, 52 Eoeun-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-333, Korea, 5Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, 06120 Halle, Germany, 6Department of Materials Science, University of Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain, 7Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA, 8Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID 83415, USA, 9Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA The successful correction of aberrations in scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) has improved lateral resolution by more than a factor of two [1], brought greatly enhanced sensitivity for imaging individual atoms, and depth resolution of a few nanometers [2-4]. In zone axis crystals, columnar channeling tends to reduce the depth resolution, and image simulations are necessary to establish the depth sensitivity [5]. To illustrate this capability, images from Si nanowires grown by a Au-catalyzed vapour-liquid-solid method will be presented [6]. A high density of Au atoms are seen not only on the surface of the nanowires, but by changing focus are seen also in the bulk of the nanowire, as shown in Fig. 1. The gold atoms move under the influence of the beam, and may not be present in the as-grown material. However, substitutionaland three interstitial configurations are found, which are confirmed by density functional calculations to be stable (substitutional) or metastable (interstitial) sites. Furthermore, the number density of the different configurations correlates with their calculateddefect formation energies. As a second example of the identification of a point defect complex, the origin of ferromagnetism in Co-doped anatase will be shown by a combination of imaging, EELS and theory to be a Co-Ti+3-VO complex [7]. I01-03 Chair: Joong-Keun Park 14:45-15:15 Invited Spherical-Aberration Corrected 50pm Electron Microscopy: Kunio Takayanagi; Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 5 ORAL MONDAY 152-8551 Japan We developed a new system for measurement and adjustment of the aberrations up to fifth order. The method uses the Ronchigram taken from an amorphoussarea of the specimen. Auto-correlation for each of the segmental areas of the Ronchigram suffices to adjust aberration coefficients within a short period. In addition to details of the newly developed 300kV STEM-TEM, application data are presented. I01-04 15:15-15:30 Advanced (scanning) Transmission Electron Microscopy (S/TEM) for Atomicscale Characterisation and Analysis: B Freitag, DJ Stokes, E Van Capellen and DHW Hubert; 1FEI Company, PO Box 80066, 5600 KA Eindhoven, The Netherlands, 2FEI Hong Kong, 1508 Concordia Place, 1Science Museum Road, TST East, Hong Kong The need for tools that can deliver ultra-high resolution information is driving the development of electron microscopy and spectroscopy to the extremes of performance. We have been developing aberrationcorrected and monochromated (scanning) transmission electron microscopy (S/TEM) to eliminate delocalisationeffects, giving the ability to work at sub-angstrom length-scales, coupled with sharplydefined energy resolution for spectroscopic techniques. This enables us to acquire information at the single atomic level and gain knowledge of inter-atomic bonding for precise characterisation of chemical composition and electronic structure. We are able to use these new capabilities to great effect in the study of nanoparticles,interfaces and grain boundaries, giving new insights. I01-05 15:30-15:45 How to Obtain a Point Resolution of 1Å in Different Voltage TEM?: G.M. Cheng and L.L. He; Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China The effects of different parameters of TEM, such as λ, Cs, Cc and beam divergence, on the contrast transfer function were studied by through-focus image simulation using NCEMSS. The real point resolution was limited by the decay of the envelope functions (for a given DEL and TH) and cannot reach to the theoretical point resolution determined by λ and Cs. The effects of DEL and TH were investigated by comparing the experiment and simulation images. And finally we have summarized the conditions for obtaining a point resolution of 1Å in different voltage TEM. I01-06 15:45-16:00 Coffee break 6 Chair: Max Haider 16:00-16:30 Invited TEM Image Analysis and Simulation using the Java Language: P. Stadelmann; Centre Interdisciplinaire de Microscopie Electronique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédéralede Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland The recent spread of aberrations corrected transmission electron microscopes offers new opportunities to observe crystals structures along directions of high order [u,v,w] indices. Moreover, the largely improved point-to-point resolution of the most advanced instruments will produce HRTEM images resulting of the interference of many diffracted beams. As a result, intuition will no longer suffice to get quantitative data out of recorded images and recourse to image analysis and simulation will become more important than ever. I01-07 16:30-16:45 Design and Fabrication of Boersch Phase Plate in TEM: C.H. Hsu1, S.H. Huang1, T.W. Huang1, C.S. Chang2, Jessie Shiue2, Y.K. Hwu2, F.G. Tseng1 and F.R. Chen1,2; 1Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, ESS New Buliding, 101, section 2 Kuang Fu Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan, R.O.C., 2Institute of Physics, Academic Sinica, Taiwan, R.O.C. The contrast in TEM image from samples composing of low Z element is very poor due to the weak interactions between low Z atoms and incident electron beam. The contrast enhancement with Einzel electrostatic phase plate is demonstrated in SiO2/SiONX interface containing of higher averaged Z element. A further application in biological specimen containing averaged low Z elements (such as carbon and hydrogenatoms) needs a smaller phase plate size to conform the cutoff frequency requirement. We present a modified and simple fabrication process and to miniaturize the size of shielding area of cantilever. I01-08 16:45-17:00 Development of a High-speed Quantitative Elemental Mapping System and its Applications: Kazutoshi Kaji, Ryoji Namekawa, Daisuke Terauchi, Wataru Shimoyama, Kaneo Kageyama and Shigeto Isakozawa; Naka Division, Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation, 882, Ichige, Hitachinaka-shi, Ibaraki-ken, 312-8504, Japan We have developed a high-speed quantitative elemental mapping instrument for a dedicated STEM. This instrument has two kinds of electron detectors. One, which consists of 3 channels, is for elemental mapping, and the other, which consists of 1024 channels, is for electron energy-loss spectrum measurement. With the system, an elemental mapping image and a STEM dark field image can be obtained simultaneously. Using the instrument, we have observed the 1nm Cr elemental distribution with a high-speed and a high signal to noise ratio condition. I01-09 Chair: Stephen Pennycook 17:30-17:45 Shadow Image Distortion in a Conventional Transmission Electron Microscope: Katsuhiro Sasaki,Yosuke Kubo and Kotaro Kuroda; Department of Quantum Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan Geometrical electron optics of the shadow image distortion due to electric and/or magnetic field in a conventional transmission electron microscope has been analyzed. The shadow image distortion of a selected area diffraction aperture due to an electric field has been measured, and the analysis of the geometrical optics has been proofed. The optical parameters to estimate the quantitative vale of the electric field have been determined. I01-11 17:45-18:00 High Resolution Imaging and Spectroscopy of Graphene Using the TEAM 0.5: Z. Lee1, A. Dato2, R. Erni1, W.-K. Hsieh1, M. Watanabe1, M. Frenklach3 and V. Radmilovic1; 1National Center for Electron Microscopy, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA, 2Applied Science & Technology Graduate Group, University of California, ORAL MONDAY 17:00-17:30 Invited Computer Calculation of the Lorentz Microscopy Image and Magnetic Domain Structure of FePt: C Thin Film Comprising Order-disorder Two-phase Mixture: M.C. Kim, W.H. Lee and J.K. Park; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 373-1 Guseung-dong, Yuseong-gu, 305-701 Daejeon, S. Korea A computer calculation technique of Lorentz microscopy image was developed and applied to the analysis of the Lorentz microscopy image and magnetic domain structure of medium ordered FePt : Cthin film for recording media, comprising orderdisorder two-phase mixture. The magnetic domain structure was, at the as-deposited state, a vortexantivortex network structure and became fine-scale reverse domains bounded by localized vortices at dc-demagnetized state. The result of computer simulation was in good accordance with the experimental observation using LTEM. This particular domain structure was developed partly due to a facilitation of the nucleation of reverse domains by soft particles. I01-10 Berkeley, California 94720, USA, 3Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA A synthesized free-standing graphene layer, i.e. a two-dimensional (2D) single atomic sheet of carbon, is imaged successfully on the lately developed TEAM 0.5 instrument under the TEAM (Transmission Electron Aberration-Corrected Microscope) project. The TEAM 0.5 is equipped with two aberration correctors for illumination and projection systems and with an electron monochromator, which have been optimized in 80-300kV. High resolution imaging of the graphene layers are very hard in any conventional microscopes because a higher kV beam damages the thinnest carbon layers and a lower kV operation deteriorates resolution for the light atoms. However, the TEAM instrument brings us a high resolving power capability even at 80kV for imaging and spectroscopy of the preserved graphene layers. A TEM image from a typical region of the synthesized freestanding graphene layer displays densely packed hexagonal single-layer of carbon and unambiguous Moiré patterns formed from superimposed two individual graphene layers, which represent a coincidence site. Exit wave reconstructions were performed from a through-focus image series and the corresponding high resolution images were simulated using Mac TempasX software for comparison. Monochromated electron energy loss spectra (EELS) of free-standing graphene sheets were also obtained. The carbon K-edge in EELS can be used to identify the structure of graphenesheets. The EELS of single layer sheet exhibits unique graphitic characteristics, which has the 1s-π* and 1s-σ* transition at 285 eV and 291 eV. It is also challenging to distinguish fine-scale singlelayer grapheme from other carbon nano-structures. We are able to perform STEM parallel beam diffraction on nano region of graphene single-layer and bilayer using a Zeiss Libra 200 FE-TEM operated at 200kV with Koehler illumination. The several sets of diffraction patterns from single graphene layer and two layers of graphite appear differently because the synthesized graphene sheets exist typically in overlapped and folded sheets on TEM sample grids. A set of hexagonal diffraction spots from a single graphene layer can be identified by simulated diffraction patterns. I01-17 I-08) FIB and Sample Preparation Organized by Moon-Hi Hong and Hiang Lian Hing Room 401 13:30 ~ 17:50 Chair: Moon-Hi Hong 13:30-14:00 Invited 7 ORAL MONDAY Triple Focused Ion Beam (TFIB) Application on Biological Samples: H.L. Hing1, M.A. Kaswandi1, A.Z. Sahalan1, K.B. Chua1, K.L. Yap1, S. Normalawati1, Y. Muranaka2, I. Ohta2, K. Sano3, T. Nihira4 and S. Harashima4; 1Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, 2Research Equipment Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, 431-3192 Japan, 3Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki-shi, 569-8686 Osaka, Japan, 4ICBiotech, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka 565-0871, Japan Triple Focused Ion Beam (TFIB) is an instrument that uses highly charged gallium ions to mill samples of minutes sizes together with the cleaning the sample with Argon. TFIB can also be as an accessory of the scanning electron microscope with the addition the Gallium ion gun and Argon gas injector. The FIB had been used extensively in the semi-conductor industry, defect analysis, circuit modification, mask repair and making TEM samples. Recently, FIB has been used as ultra microtome for the sectioning of biological and biomedical materials [1,2,3]. However, the images obtained was not as reliable. Therefore, work was undertaken to refine the FIB technique with the use of Argon gas the clean the surface of the milled samples to produce unobstructed image of the 33333 I08-01 internal structures. 14:00-14:15 Bending of Nanometer Scale Materials in Vacuum Using a Focused Ion Beam: Byong Chon Park1, Ki Young Jung2, Sang Jung Ahn1, Jinho Choi1 and Dal-Hyun Kim1; 1Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 305-340, Korea, 2Nanofocus Inc. Seoul 152-050, Korea We report an ion beam bending process which could provide an innovative technique of fabricating nanotools like a bent spike, a hook and a pick regardless of materials. The ion beam was found to plastically bend any material having nanometer scale geometries of free-standing tube, spike and plank, along the ion beam so that its free end is directed toward the ion source. The current understanding is that it is a directional ion radiation damage, where the concentration gradient of the induced defects as well as the implanted gallium ions through the target material generates the corresponding stress gradient. I08-02 14:15-14:30 Serial-section Polishing Tomography: J.A. Hunt1, P. Prasad1 and E. Raz2; 1Gatan Research & Development, 5794 W. Las Positas, Pleasanton, CA, USA, 2Gatan FA Products Division, 5794 W. Las Positas, Pleasanton, CA, USA Tomographic reconstruction of a wide range of materials can be accomplished via mechanical polishing 8 serial-sectioning-alternately polishing away material and imaging the remaining polished surface with optical (or electron) microscopy. The Gatan Centar Frontier, a computer-controlled polishing system designed for failure analysis specimen preparation including semiconductor delayering, was modified for this application. The application of serial-section polishing tomography to the reconstruction of a portion of a printed circuit board is successfully illustrated. I08-03 Chair: Hiang Lian Hing 14:30-15:00 Invited The Application of Focused Ion Beam (FIB) in Materials TEM Interfacial Research: Wen-An Chiou1 and Kevin McIlwrath2; 1NISP Lab, NanoCenter, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742-2831, USA, 2Nanotechnology Systems Division, Hitachi High Tech. America, Inc., Pleasanton, CA 94588, USA Interface is an important subject in materials research. However, with different varieties of materials, specimen preparation specifically for interfacial investigation has been a great challenge for electron microscopists. This paper presents a brief review of the development of FIB research and the application of FIB in TEM specimen preparation. Four of the most interesting materials/interfaces were selected: (1) ceramic/metal and polymer, (2) metal and soil, (3) mineral and polymer, and (4) metal and bio-tissue/minerals. TEM results demonstrated the unique capability of FIB in preparing difficult samples that had been thought to be impossible. I08-04 15:00-15:15 FIB and TEM Observations of Surface Defects in Hot Dip Zinc Coatings: Moon-Hi Hong1, Doo-Jin Paik1, Jong-Che Park2 and Hiroyasu Saka3; 1Surface Treatment Department, POSCO Kwangyang works, 545-700, Korea, 2POSCO Technical Research Lab., Kwangyang 545-700, Korea, 3Department of Quantum Engineering, Nagoya University, 464-8603, Nagoya, Japan The characteristic and ability of FIB fabrication to remove the materials using an accelerated Ga ion beam from the very small and/or precisely located slab were employed to prepare the cross-sectional thin films of zinc-coated steel sheets composed of Fe-Zn intermetallic compounds. The effect of chemical composition and substrate properties on the surface quality of galvannealed steel sheets has been investigated by the combination of FIB and TEM techniques. Streaky marks showed the enrichment of oxides at interface between galvannealed coating and steel substrate. I08-05 15:30-15:50 Coffee break Chair: Wen-An Chiou 15:50-16:20 Invited Recent Development in FIB Technique for Site Specific TEM Specimen Preparation and its Application to Nano-materials Characterization: T. Kamino, T. Yaguchi, M. Konno, T. Agemura and T. Ohnishi; FEI Company Japan Ltd., NanoPort Japan, NSS-2 Bldg. 1F, 13-34 Kohnan 2-chome, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-0075, Japan New FIB techniques for site specific TEM specimen preparation and 3D characterization of nano-matrerials are discussed. I08-07 16:20-16:35 Advantages Using Backside TEM Specimen Preparation Technique: S. Sadayama and N. Suzuki; Hitachi High-Technologies Corp., 882 Ichige, Hitachinaka, Ibaraki, 312-0057 Japan Etching rate of Tungsten compounds was slower than that of Silicon. This issue will become more serious when membrane thickness is required 50nm or thinner. We addressed the issue using backside TEM specimen preparation technique. I08-08 16:35-16:50 Advanced Technology for Post–FIB TEM Sample Preparation: R.R. Cerchiara, P.E. Fischione, J. Liu, J.M Matesa and A.C. Robins; E.A. Fischione Instru- ments, Inc., 9003 Corporate Circle, Export, PA 15632, USA We applied the technique to a commercial NAND type flash memory device using Helios400s which has a flip-stage capability. The results indicates generated bumps however, at above gate structures. The area beneath the gate structures, which is the most interested area, is preserved at high-quality. I08-09 ORAL MONDAY 15:15-15:30 The Observation of the Inhibition Layer Breakdown during Galvannealing Reaction between Iron and Zinc: Doo-Jin Paik1, Moon-Hi Hong1, Ki-Hyeon Ryu1 and Jong-Che Park2; 1Surface Treatment Department, POSCO Gwangyang works, 545-700, Korea, 2POSCO Technical Research Lab., Gwangyang 545-700, Korea When the steel sheets are dipped into a molten zinc bath to produce galvannealed steel sheets iron dissolved from the steel strip surface leads two main reactions, which are the formation of the inhibition layer at the coating and steel substrate interface and the precipitation of dross particles in the bath. Formation of the inhibition layers and their thickness and compactness are the critical issue for producing high quality galvannealed steel sheets. The formation and breakdown of an inhibition layer at the interface will be assessed using a hot dip galvanizing simulator and FIB(Focused Ion Beam) system and TEM. I08-06 Chair: Takeo Kamino 16:50-17:05 Transmission Electron Microscopy Specimen Preparation by Focused Ion Beam and Removal of Damaged Layer Caused by Ga Ion Irradiation: T. Kato1, H. Sasaki1,2, Y. Yamada3, T. Izumi3, Y. Shiohara3 and T. Hirayama1; 1Nano Structures Research Lab, Japan Fine Ceramics Center, 2-4-1 Mutsuno, Atsuta-ku, Nagoya, 456-8587, Japan, 2 Yokohama R&D Lab, Furukawa Electric Ltd., 2-4-3 Okano, Nishi-ku, Yokohama, 220-0073, Japan, 3 Superconductivity Research Lab, Division of Superconducting Tapes and Wires, ISTEC, 1-10-13, Shionome, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-0062, Japan We have developed a combination technique using a focused ion beam (FIB) microsampling and a standard ion milling method to remove damaged layers caused by the FIB milling. A small sample a few m wide × 10 m long × 10 m deep was lifted out, and then fixed on a cross-section of a metallic foil with 1-2 m in thick by FIB microsampling. The sample was further thinned by FIB. However, damaged layer induced by a Ga ion irradiation was formed on the thinned sample surfaces after FIB milling. Finally, the FIB damaged layers was, therefore, etched by Ar milling. I08-10 17:05-17:20 Advanced Specimen Preparation using a Low Energy Focused Ion Beam for Atomic-scale Characterisation and Analysis: DJ Stokes, L Roussel, B Freitag and DHW Hubert; FEI Company, PO Box 80066, 5600 KA Eindhoven, The Netherlands Focused ion beam (FIB) specimen preparation techniques have been successfully used to generate ultra-thin lamellae for TEM and STEM. Now, with the further capabilities of lower gallium ion beam energies, it is possible to reduce the effects of ion beam damage and implantation, to the extent that we can create lamellar specimens yielding sub-Angstrom resolution in the S/TEM I08-11 17:20-17:35 A Novel Preparation Method of Mechanical Polishing for Cross-sectional TEM Specimen with 9 ORAL MONDAY 10 nm Thickness: Chang Chang Chiang1 and Rong Tan Huang2; 1Industrial Application Group, National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan, 2Institute of Materials Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan Based on wedge technique, a newly developed preparation method called optic four-point adjustment technique referring to the operated process of regular optical microscope is used to prepare high quality TEM sample with large thin area and very thin thickness. The holder glued a piece of crosssectional specimen is placed on the stage of an optical microscope. The cross-section line and the planar surface can be adjusted by turning the two adjusting screws to focus four-point. A so-called three-dimensional TEM is used to verify the TEM sample thickness. Consequentially, the sample thickness smaller 10 nm is successfully prepared. I08-12 17:35-17:50 Nanofabrication in Diamond Using Ion Implantation and FIB Milling: S. Rubanov1, B.A. Fairchild2, P. Olivero3, A.D. Greentree2, D.N. Jamieson2 and S. Prawer2; 1Bio21 Institute, the University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia, 2 School of Physics, the University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia, 3Experimental Physics Department, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Natural Sciences, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy Ion implantation and FIB patterning were used for fabrication of nano structures in a single crystal diamond. To create ultra thin films for device fabrication we used double implantation technique. In this case two amorphous damage layers with a thin single-crystal layer ‘sandwiched’ between were created. The samples were annealed at 550 and 1260 C. Cross-sectional TEM showed graphitization of entire amorphous damage layers for annealing at 1260 C. The etchable graphitic layers can be removed to form free standing membranes into which the desired structures can be sculpted using FIB milling. I08-13 M-02) Semiconductors & LSI Device Materials Organized by Jaepyng Ahn Room Samda2 Chairs: J.C. Park and K. Furuya 14:00-14:30 Invited 10 14:00 ~ 16:55 CS-corrected STEM/TEM Studies of Ge Quantum Dots on Slightly Oxidized Si(001) Surfaces: N. Tanaka1,2, S.-P. Cho1,2, A.A. Shklyaev1,3, J. Yamasaki2, E. Okunishi4 and M. Ichikawa1,3; 1 CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan, 2EcoTopia Science Institute, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan, 3Dep. of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan, 4JEOL Ltd., 3-1-2 Musashino, Akishima, Tokyo 196-8558, Japan Cs-corrected STEM was applied to observation and elemental analysis of Ge nanodots grown on Si(001) surfaces with an ultrathin SiO2 coverage. The observation suggested a new growth model of the Ge nanodots on the Si(001) surfaces. Strain state of the interface of Ge/Si was also analyzed from the Cs-corrected TEM images. It was shown that Cs-corrected STEM/TEMs are very much useful for analysis of interface structures composed of various kinds of semiconductors. M02-01 14:30-14:45 Lateral Diffusion of Arsenic in Polysilicon Gate Electrode Analyzed by Cs Corrected HAADFSTEM and EDX: Y. Kunimune, T. Tomizawa and T. Kurokawa; Test and Analysis Engineering Division, NEC Electronics Corporation, 1120 Shimokuzawa, Sagamihara 229-1198, Japan We investigated the lateral diffusion characteristics of arsenic in polysilicon gate electrode by using Cs corrected HAADF-STEM and EDX. We found that the arsenic segregating at polysilicon/SiO2 interface does not diffuse laterally, while the arsenic in the bulk area diffuses a few times as far as it diffuses in single crystal silicon. The result suggests that diffusion of arsenic from n-type polysilicon to p-type polysilicon might be crucial and should be considered for designing the CMOS devices after 45 nm rules. M02-02 14:45-15:00 Structural and Chemical Analysis of HfO2 Dielectric Films with Ti/Hf Capping Layer: Jae Hyuck Jang1, Tae Joo Park2, Jeong Hwan Kim2, Kwang Duk Na2, Cheol Seong Hwang2 and Miyoung Kim1; 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Korea, 2 Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Inter-university Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea An undesired interfacial layer is grown between high-k films and Si substrate during film deposition and post deposition annealing. The additional Hf-metal layer on HfO2 decreased the amount of excess oxygen and the grain boundary density. These additional metal layer change the structure of HfO2, the equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) decreases with increasing rapid thermal annealing (RTA) temperature. Especially, in-situ high voltage electron microscopy (HVEM) operated at 1.2 MeV is employed to investigate the kinetics of Er/SiO2 interfacial reaction. M02-06 15:00-15:15 Atomic Structure and Composition at the Interface of Epitaxial CoSi2 on Si (001): G. H. Gu1, H. B. R. Lee1, H. J. Kim1 and C. G. Park1,2; 1Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang Univ. of Science and Technology (POSTECH), San 31, Hyoja-dong, Namgu, Pohang, Korea, 2National Center for Nanomaterials Technology, POSTECH, San 31, Hyojadong, Namgu, Pohang, Korea STEM-HAADF is a powerful technique to provide precisely the location of atoms at the interface and chemically sensitive atomic images. In this study, we have investigated at the interface between CoSi2 and Si to evaluate the epitaxial quality of CoSi2 by using the Cs corrected STEM (JEOL 2100F) with an probe size about 0.8Å. The epitaxial growth was observed for Co with a Ti capping layer prepared only by ex situ deposition, not by in situ deposition. STEMHAADF analyses revealed that CoSi2 layer was epitaxial with a cube-on-cube relationship, (001) CoSi2 // (001) Si and [100] CoSi2 // [100] Si. M02-04 16:25-16:40 Bulk and Surface Electronic Excitations in HfO2/GaAs (001) Heterostructures by STEMEELS: S. C. Liou1, M.-W. Chu1, C. H. Chen1, Y. J. Lee2, M. Hong2 and J. Kwo3; 1Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, 2Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, 3Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan HfO2 with its high dielectric constant (k~ 18-25) and large band gap (5.68 eV) is a leading dielectrics for effective passivation of the GaAs substrate in metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs). Here, we studied the electronic excitations of 5 nm-thick HfO2 films grown on GaAs (001) by the conjunction of scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS). High-angle annular dark filed (HAADF) image of the epitaxial HfO2 films, revealing an atomically sharp interface between the film and substrate. The STEM-EELS spectra of HfO2 acquired at the center of the film were observed spectral features above the optical band gap at ~6, ~16, ~28.5, ~35, and ~39 eV. We have determined the complex dielectric function of the HfO2 film by performing Kramers-Krönig analysis (KKA). Following the KKA, the peaks at ~6, ~28.5, ~35, and ~39 eV can be interpreted as bulk interband transitions. Peak at ~16eV is the bulk-plasmon excitation. A more detailed study of the exciting physics underlying this unexpected phenomenon is now in progress. M02-07 15:15-15:40 Coffee break Chairs: M.Y. Kim and Nobuo Tanaka 15:40-16:10 Invited The Recent Status and Future Trend of Material Characterization in Semiconductor Devices: S.Y. Lee; Hynix Semiconductor Inc. San 136-1 Ami-ri Bubal-eub Icheon-si Kyoungki-do, Korea M02-05 16:10-16:25 Physical Properties and Reaction Kinetics of High-k Er-silicate Gate Dielectric: Chel-Jong Choi; Deparment of Semiconductor Science & Technology, Chonbuk National University We describe a novel method to fabricate high-k Er-silicate gate dielectric and demonstrate its physical properties using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). The interfacial reaction between Er and SiO2 films leads to the formation of high-k Er-silicate film. Due to thermally driven Er diffusion, ORAL MONDAY so gate leakage current is less than HfO2. Structural analysis on the effects of metal capping on high-k was performed by transmission electron microscopy and compositions and electronic structures were studied by energy dispersive spectrometer and electron energy loss spectroscopy. M02-03 16:40-16:55 Analysis on the Residual Strain and Defects of GaN Layers Grown on Sapphire Substrate by Convergent Beam Electron Diffraction: Hui Yoon Shin; LG Electronics Convergent beam electron diffraction (CBED) method using transmission electron microscope (TEM) has been realized to be an outstanding technique for obtaining crystallographic information with high spatial resolution due to its small probe size. We investigated the local strains and defects in GaN overlayers grown on sapphire substrates using TEM. GaN layers were grown on two types of sapphire substrates by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). One is a cone-shape patterned sapphire substrate (PSS) and the other is a normal sapphire 11 substrate, which was deposited Mg-doped p-type GaN (p-GaN) overlayer and p-AlGaN layer. From the observation of each GaN overlayer using TEM, we studied the variation of local strain on the shape of sapphire substrate and the defect formation within GaN overlayer, respectively. M02-08 ORAL MONDAY M-08) Polymer/ Organic and Biomimetic/ Medical Materials Organized by Geungho Kim and Byeonghyeok Sohn Room Samda1 14:00 ~ 17:05 Chair: Byeonghyeok Sohn 14:00-14:30 Invited Control of Nanoscale Lateral Ordering and Vertical Orientation in Amphiphilic Block Copolymer Thin Films: Joona Bang and Taejoon Kim; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University It has been shown that poly (styrene-b-ethylene oxide) (PS-b-PEO) block copolymer thin films, where the hydrophilic PEO block forms the cylindrical microdomains, exhibit the excellent lateral ordering with the vertically oriented microdomains via solvent annealing process. In this system, the relative humidity plays a crucial role to control the lateral ordering and vertical orientation of microdomains. This strongly implies that the interaction between the water and the hydrophilic block induces such morphologies. In this work, we expand and generalize this idea to the other hydrophilic blocks, such as polydimethylacrylamide (PDMA). Cylinder forming PS-b-PDMA block copolymers was synthesized by the controlled livingradical polymerization (CLRP). Upon the solvent annealing process, we could control the film morphologies of the PDMA microdomains depending on the relative humidity. At the low humidity conditions, the cylindrical PDMA domains were oriented parallel to the substrate, while the vertical orientation with the good lateral ordering was achieved at the high humidity conditions. This suggests that the existence of the hydrophilic block is critical in the solvent annealing process. Furthermore, the facile synthesis of such system via CLRP can be used to design many useful block copolymer templates, such as nanoporous structures and functionalized nanopatterns. M08-01 14:30-15:00 Invited Ultrathin Layer-by-Layer Multilayer Flims: From Surface Modification to Electronic Devices: Jinhan Cho; School of Advanced Materials Engineering, 12 Kookmin University Ultrathin polyelectrolyte (PE) multilayer films prepared by the versatile layer-by layer (LbL) assembly method have been utilized for the preparation of light-emitting diodes, electrochromic, membrane, and drug delivery system, as well as for selective area patterning and particle surface modification because the various materials with specific properties can be inserted into the film with nano-level thickness irrespective of the size or the shape of substrate. Since the introduction of the LbL technique in 1991 by Decher and Hong, various hydrophilic materials can be inserted within LbL films through complementary interactions (i.e., electrostatic, hydrogenbonding or covalent interaction) In this study, we explain the various interactions and the adsorption behavior for the formation of LbL SA multilayer films and also describe a few examples of potential applications such as superhydrophobic surfaces, electrochemical sensor and nonvolatile memory devices. M08-02 15:00-15:15 TEM Tomography Observation of the Defects and Grain Boundaries in Block Copolymer Double Gyroid Network Structures: Hirokazu Hasegawa, Vincent H. Mareau, Satoshi Akasaka, Tetsuro Okamoto, Taketsugu Osaka and Tadashi Matsushita; Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan We investigated the grain boundaries and defect structures of double gyroid network structures (DG) formed during the ordering process in the blends of polystyrene-block-polyisoprene diblock copolymer and polystyrene homopolymer (hPS) from solutions in toluene by means of transmission electron microscopy and electron tomography. In case of the epitaxial growth of DG from a perforated layer (PL) we found that every other layer of PL was connected to one of the two DG networks. The PL layers are parallel to the DG (111) plane and the grain boundary is parallel to the DG (211) plane. M08-03 15:15-15:30 Visualization of Nanoscaled Organic Multilayer by Low-Voltage STEM: T. Ueda1, A. Makino1 and Y. Takai2; 1Advanced Technologies Development Laboratory, Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd., 1048, Kadoma, Osaka 571-8686, Japan, 2Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan We could clearly observe the nanoscaled multilayer of an organometallic material and organic semiconductor materials by low-voltage STEM method. Furthermore, tri-layered organic electroluminescent 15:30-15:50 Coffee break Chair: Geungho Kim 15:50-16:20 Invited From Flat Thin Films to Curved Nanopores: Kyusoon Shin; School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University During the recent years, we found some examples where frustration, induced by curvature, breaks the symmetric structure of self-assembled block copolymers. The structure and the crystallization behavior of crystalline materials were also found to be controlled by the imposed curvature in a nano- scopic cylindrical pore. In addition, polymeric melt shows breakdown of bulk behaviors under this nanoscopic confinement. With the emergence of nanoscale science and engineering, those unexpected physical behaviors are of significant importance in the design and execution of nanofabrication strategies. M08-05 16:20-16:35 Microscopy Observation on Biodegraded Household NR Gloves: A.R. Shamsul Bahri and A. Ikram; Rubber Research Institute Malaysia, Malaysian Rubber Board, P.O.Box 10150, 50908 Kuala Lumpur The environmental degradation of household NR latex gloves buried in soil was examined using conventional optical and electron microscopy. Gloves pieces treated with acetone to remove the autooxidation formulation prior to soil burial were compared with the untreated gloves. All the gloves had been allowed to degrade for various time periods (3, 6, 12, and 18 months). The degradation degree of the sample was evaluated on the integrity of rubber network of the latex particles within the samples. There were marked differences between network densities of latex particles for treated and untreated samples as early as 3 month treatment. Latex particles in treated samples showed a very coarse and loose rubber network that occasionally surrounded by a network of higher density latex particles, though a few remnants of latex particles can still be seen. Whereas the untreated samples showed some distinguished latex particles membrane and the integrity of rubber network was still almost intact. The disintegration of rubber network became more apparent in 6, 12 and 18 months of burial. There rubber network in 18 months samples disintegrated totally and the network coalesced into free polymeric strands. M08-06 16:35-16:50 Electron Microscopy Study of the Encrustation on Nanocrystalline (NC) Ti Substrate in a Simulated Urinary Tract Environment: W.-A. Chiou1, L.-C. Lai1,2, K. McIlwrath3 and J. C. Earthman2; 1NISP Lab, NanoCenter, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742-2183, USA, 2Dept. of Chemical Eng. and Materials Sci., University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA, 3Nanotechnology Systems Div., Hitachi High Tech. America, Inc., Pleasanton, CA 94588, USA The use of materials for medical applications in the urinary tract is hampered by the formation of calcium-based crystalline deposits, generally referred to as encrustation. Previously nc-Ti was proved to be more resistant for formation of encrustation in sterile urine. By utilizing special lift-out technique by FIB, ultra-thin cross-sectional TEM specimen was prepared to examine the interface between encrustation particle and nc-Ti in order to understand the mechanism of encrustation in a simulated urinary tract environment. Encrustation particles were composed of nanocrystalline CaO particles and amorphous materials, but without any orientation relationship with Ti substrate. High P was found at the interface. M08-07 ORAL MONDAY diodes were also observed. As a result, the electron transport layer, the light emitting layer, and hole transport layer were actually observed, and the thicknesses of the layers were almost consistent with the designed values. The low-voltage STEM method can clearly visualize not only the difference of the scattering effect due to the heavy atoms in the organic layer but also the difference of the scattering effect due to the material density in the layers. M08-04 16:50-17:05 Transmission Electron Microscopy Study of Gold /Mercury Amalgam: Tung Hsu; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua Univeristy, Hsinchu 300, TAIWAN Au/Hg amalgam was grown by evaporation of Hg on Au films at room temperature. Trasmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies of such films have found the amalgan formation very non-uniform, the amalgamization process much slower than expected, and that the amalgam was basically Au3Hg. M08-08 L-10) Advanced Techniques in Biological Sample Preparation and Observation Organized by Yung-Chien Teng and Shin-ichi Izumi Room 301 13:30 ~ 17:45 13 Chair: Yung-Chien Teng ORAL MONDAY 13:30-13:45 Atomic Force Microscopy of the Microprocesses During Myoblast Fusion: Su-Jin Kim1,2, Sejin Kim3, Hyunjung Shin3 and Chang-Sub Uhm1; 1Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 136-705, Korea, 2Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea, 3School of Advanced Materials Engineering, Kookmin University, Seoul 136-702, Korea Cultured myoblasts, focusing on the microprocesses related to the intercellular interaction, were observed with an atomic force microscope by taking topological images. For atomic force microscopy (AFM), cells were fixed and either dried as in usual scanning electron microscopy or kept in the buffer. The dried cells were used for observing intercellular interactions related to the fusion. The prefusing myoblasts aligned in a chain were mostly spindle in shape and were characterized by the presence of many microprocesses along the facing edges of adjacent aligned myoblasts. The space between fusing myoblasts and between myotubes and myoblasts were often traversed by filopodia and cellular bridges formed by the connection of microvilli. These results suggest that microprocesses may be involved in the fusion of myoblasts. To represent in vivo, we tried to experiment in the liquid state. So, we obtained that the best images of the fixed cell in liquid were achieved using the contact mode of AFM. Finally, we achieved the result that AFM observation is an efficient tool in the study on the interaction between cells, and the fixation-imaging in liquid is a good approach to understand the cellular dynamics. L10-01 13:45-14:00 Application of Digital Image Processing Algorithms to the Recognition of Atomic Structure of SWCNTs: Maofa Wang1,2, Xiaoping Zou1,2, Fei Li1,2, Jin Cheng1,2, Hongdan Zhang1,2, Pengfei Ren1,2 and Guang Zhu 1,2 ; 1 Research Center for Sensor Technology, Beijing Information Technology Institute, Beijing, China, 2Beijing Key Laboratory for Sensor, Beijing, China It is very difficulty to recognize graphite atomic structure of SWCNTs in their STM images with naked eyes. So, it is important and intresting thing to recognize the graphite atomic structure of SWCNTs by processing original STM images, which is useful to calculate chiral vector and track surface structure disfigurement of SWCNTs during In-situ STM scanning of the analyzed object later. The inspection and characterization of nanomaterials and structures should be performed extensively and whenever possible in a non-invasive way. In this paper, we report some digital image processing algorithms application on 14 the recognition of atomic structure of SWCNTs. Those techniques are now being frequently used in metrology and characterization laboratories including in the fields of nanomaterials and systems. L10-02 Chair: Shin-ichi Izumi 14:00-14:15 Pore Formation by Antimicrobial Peptide, Magainin 2, in Phospholipd Vesicles Detected and Visualized by Cryo-Electron Microscopy: Mikyung Han1, Yuan Mei2 and Steven J. Ludtke1; 1Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX. USA, 2Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX. USA Cytolytic peptides, such as Magainin, Melittin, Alamethicin, Defensins, and Cecropins, are ubiquitously present within the animal kingdom as a part of the host-defense system. Peptides in this class are under active commercial development as broad-spectrum antibiotics, particularly aimed at antibiotic resistant strains. Due to its direct interaction with the lipid membrane, it is believed that bacteria will be unable to develop resistance to these drugs. Magainin 2 is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial peptide isolated from the skin of the African clawed frog Xenopus laevis. It is believed to initially interact specifically with acidic lipids in the bacterial membranes through electrostatic interactions, forming an amphiphillic helix, followed by hydrophobic interactions inducing pore formation, but the issue remains controversial. A number of methods, such as circular dichroism, solid state NMR, and Raman and neutron scattering experiments, have been used to study the structure of possible pores and, while evidence for pores was obtained, none of those methods could directly observe the pores themselves, particularly under conditions reasonably similar to those encountered in-vivo. We present a new method for studying peptide/lipid interactions, which employs cryo-EM to directly image Magainin-induced pores in phospholipid vesicles. L10-03 14:15-14:45 Invited Immunohistochemical Advancement of in vivo Cryotechnique to Cryobiopsy for Cells and Tissues of Living Animal Organs: S. Ohno, N. Ohno, N. Terada, S. Saitoh and Y. Fujii; Department of Anatomy and Molecular Histology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo-city, Yamanashi, Japan In conventional microscopic preparations, ischemic or anoxic artifacts are caused by tissue-resection or perfusion-fixation. The in vivo cryotechnique (IVCT) was developed to overcome these problems, and useful for analyses of soluble molecules at high Chair: Yasuaki Hotta 14:45-15:00 Application of FIB Techniques for Biological Sample Preparation: Jong Min Kim1,2 and Chang-Sub Uhm1; 1Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, 2 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea Focused ion beam, known as FIB, is a recently introduced technique used in the semiconductor and materials science. It has been used for site-specific analysis, imaging, nanofabrication, material deposition, and ion milling at nanoscale. The application of FIB for biological samples has not been tested widely. In this study, the possible usability of FIB for biological sample preparation was tested using completely dried human bone piece, osteointegrated dental implant, and cultured muscle cells. The bone piece and osteointegrated dental implant were ion-milled using FIB without any special pretreatment. The cultured muscle cells were prepared as for routine scanning electron microscopy, and ion-milled with FIB. Cut pieces of samples were attached to the grids, and observed with transmission electron microscope (TEM). TEM observation revealed the fibrous and inorganic materials. The osteointegrated dental implant revealed the structure at the interface. Various filamentous structures connecting adjacent myoblasts were prominent even after FIB milling. These results suggest that, with some refinements, FIB may be a useful tool in studying deep structures of inorganic materials-rich biologic samples and some surface phenomena occuring at the interface between biomaterials. L10-05 15:00-15:30 Invited Effects of Dental Conditioners on Enamel Surface Morphology and Enamel-Resin Interface: R.J. Scougall-Vilchis1, Y. Hotta2 and K. Yamamoto1; 1 Department of Oral Functional Sciences and Rehabilitation, 2Central Research Institute of Oral Science, Asahi University, School of Dentistry, 1851 Hozumi, 501-0296, Mizuho City, Gifu Pref., Japan In dentistry, enamel conditioning is a routinely procedure for restoration of the teeth, and for bonding orthodontic brackets. The most commonly used conditioner is 37% phosphoric acid; however, it produces more enamel loss than self-etching primer (SEP). Moreover, studies with scanning electron microscope (SEM), and focused ion beam system (FIB), have shown a gentler conditioning pattern of SEP. Therefore, this study was conducted to compare the effects of three SEP on the enamel surface morphology and enamel-resin interface. Material and Methods: The SEP evaluated were: Primer A&B (Shofu Inc., Kyoto, Japan); Clearfil Mega Bond FA (Kuraray Medical Inc., Tokyo, Japan); and Bond Force (Tokuyama Dental Corp., Osaka, Japan). Enamel surfaces were conditioned with different SEP, chemically prefixed with 2.5% glutaraldehyde and fixed with 1% OsO4; similar to previously described procedure. After which, the surfaces were observed under SEM (S-4500, Hitachi Co. Ltd., Japan). In addition, specimens were prepared to observe of the enamel-resin interface by placing composite-resin after the enamel conditioning. The specimens were then milled with FIB system (FB-2100, Hitachi Co.), and observed with SEM (S-4800, Hitachi Co.). Results: Although the smooth surface of untreated enamel slightly changed after SEP conditioning, the surface conditioned with primer A&B seemed more similar to the untreated enamel than the other surfaces. The enamel-resin interfaces showed interesting differences, Bond Force gave the impression to produce a more irregular interface line. Conclusion: The self-etching primer evaluated in this study, showed a gentler conditioning pattern. However, their actions on the enamel surfaces were slightly different and further studies are required to find their best properties for clinical use. L10-06 ORAL MONDAY time-resolution with light or electron microscopy. Recently, another cryobiopsy has been developed, which enables us to obtain frozen specimens of large animals including humans, and has almost the same technical advantages as IVCT. Therefore, morphofunctional information in vivo about cells and tissues in living animals could be obtained by immunehistochemistry. Their application would be expanded from experimental animal studies to clinical medicine. L10-04 15:30-15:45 Coffee break Chair: Chang-Sub Uhm 15:45-16:00 Three-Dimensional Structure of the Golgi Apparatus in Onion Root Tip Cells by High-Resolution Scanning Electron Microscopy: T. Naguro, S. Inaga, H. Nakane and T. Kameie; Division of Genome Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan To verify the validity of the so-called cisternal maturation model by the study at the electron microscope level, details of the three-dimensional structure of the Golgi apparatus in onion root tip cells were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In this report we demonstrate stereo SEM images of the Golgi apparatus viewed from various 15 angles: cis-, tras-, and lateral-sides. Special attention is mainly focused on the unique form of the most outside cisterna of trans side in the Golgi apparatus. L10-07 ORAL MONDAY 16:00-16:30 Invited Ultrastructural Defferences between the Atrial Myocardium and the Bachmann’s Bundle with Special Reference to Intercalated Disks: Takeshi Yamaguchi and Tatsuo Shimada; Department of health science, Faculty of medicine, Oita university In 1916, G. Bachmann has suggested electrophysiologycally the presence of specialized cardiac myocytes of the interatrial pathway and this was named Bachmann’s bundle(BB). Although BB is known as “Bachmann’s bundle pacing”, it is not clear whether or not BB are similar in ultrastructure to the atrial myocardium. Hearts of adult monkeys were used,and the right auricle and BB were dissected. For light microscopy, paraffin sections were immunostained with aniti- desmin, connexin40 and 43 antibody. For scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of intercalated disks and cytoskeleton, tissue blocks were treated with 2N or 6N NaOH. Furthermore, transmission electron micro- scopy (TEM) was used to observe BB and atrial appendage cells. In immunostained specimens, cardiac myocytes had connexin40 and 43 at the intercalated disks which indicated fast conductance. These cells were also positive in desmin antibody. In SEM, the ultrastructure of cardiac myocytes in the BB were characterized the presence of less myofibrils, mitochondria with small size and abundant intermediate filaments. It was noted that there were no granules as demonstrated in the atrial myocardium. Furthermore, atrial working myocytes had wide steps and risers, and had many microprojections and microridges, while cardiac myocytes in the BB had no step and riser, and had irregular projections. At the TEM level, intercalated disks in atrial working myocytes ran comparatively straight, while those in BB ran with a wave form. In conclusion, the BB was fundamentally different from atrial working myocytes, and showed the aspect of cardiac conduction system. L10-08 16:30-16:45 Ultrastructural and Physiological Studies on the Contractile Mechanism of Body Wall Muscles of an Echiuroid, Urechis unicinctus: Suechika Suzuki1,2,3, Risa Hatakeyama2, Yumi Tannno2, Chieko Hamamoto3,4, Akiji Itoh1, Yukio Yamanaka1, Naonori Ishii1 and Yuriko Ono1; 1Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, 2Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, and 3 Research Institute for Integrated Science, Kanagawa University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, Japan, 4Electron Optics Division, JEOL Ltd, Akishima, Tokyo, Japan 16 To make clear the mechanism of body movement of an echiuroid, Urechis unicinctus, ultrastructural and physiological experiments were performed, including the cytochemical study on the origin of activator Ca and its translocation during muscle contraction. The body wall was constructed with the three muscle layers; inner circular, middle longitudinal, and outer circular layers. We have reported the structural features and physiological properties of the inner circular muscle. In this paper, we will reveal the structural and physiological properties of the longitudinal muscle, and discuss the complementary role of the circular and longitudinal muscles for the body movement. Key Words: body wall muscles, echiuroid, activator Ca, K-contracture, pyroantimonate method. L10-09 Chair: Megumi Iwano 16:45-17:15 Invited Pathological Roles of Reactive Oxygen Species at Penetration Pegs of Alternaria alternata Japanese Pear Pathotype during Plant Infection: G.-S. Hyon1, Y. Morita1, N. Hosogi2, K. Ikeda1, H. Nakayashiki1 and P. Park1; 1Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, Japan, 2National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institute of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higasiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan Alternaria alternata Japanese pear pathotype generated H2O2 from both the plasma membranes and cell walls of the appressoria. To determine the pathological roles of H2O2 in microbial pathogenicity, we studied the inhibitory effect of diphenylene iodinium (DPI) on infection of the pathogen and the roles of H2O2 generation in the NADPH oxidase (Nox) mutants of the pathogen. Both H2O2 generation and fungal penetration were depressed by DPI at appressoria in susceptible leaves. Disruption of noxB resulted in the decreased lesion formation and fungal penetration. The results suggested that Nox was associated with L10-10 H2O2 generation and fungal penetration. 17:15-17:45 Invited Cytological Study for Pathological Roles of Compounds Analogous to AK-toxins, Disease Determinants, during Plant Infection: N. Hosogi1, G.-S. Hyon2, T. Osato2, K. Inoue2, K. Ikeda2 and P. Park2; 1 National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higasiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan, 2Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, Japan Alternaria alternata Japanese pear pathotype produces host-specific toxins, such as AK-toxin I and II. Some AK-toxin-analogous compounds (AKA) were synthesized and the structure-activity of the toxins ischemia. We measured the numbers of neuron and the capillary length density in the hippocampal CA1 region of transient global ischemic gerbil brain with design-based stereological technology, i.e., “Optical Disectors” and “Space balls” method. In the present study, we suggest the possibility that blood vessels correlates with neuronal progenitor cells in the damaged brain area. L09-02 14:10-14:20 Coffee break L-09) Applications of Stereology in Life Science Organized by Won Taek Lee Room 302 13:30 ~ 15:10 Chair: Won Taek Lee 13:30-13:50 Introduction of Stereology: Jong Eun Lee and Kyung Ah Park; Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea Stereology is a set of simple, efficient and unbiased methods for quantification of threedimensional geometric characteristics of objects e.g. volume, surface area, length, number and connectivity. “Stereos” means bodily or spatial (3-D) in Greek. In stereolgy, the way in which the questions are asked is to “throw” geometric probes, such as dissectors, planes, lines and points at the object and observe how the probe and the object interact. It is essential to understand that for the result to be unbiased both the sampling and the probing, counting or measuring, must be random. There is an intimate relationship between the feature being quantified and the type of probe that is used. L09-01 13:50-14:10 Stereological Studies of Neural Numbers and Capillary Length Density in the Hippocampal CA1 Region Following Transient Global Ischemia: Chan Park; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kyunghee University, Seoul, Korea The pyramidal neurons of the hippocampal CA1 region are essential for cognitive functions such as spatial learning and memory. Global brain ischemia provoked by transient occlusion of the carotid arteries (2VO) in gerbils results in a severe loss of neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region. It has been reported that the CA1 region cellular damage is followed by a massive formation of new neurons in the CA1 region. Recent evidence shows that vascular tissues may participate in neurogenesis after brain ORAL MONDAY was studied. Although some AKA had chemical structures slightly different from the toxins, they had the pathological roles as well as the toxins. However, some AKA did not have such activities. Comparing the structures of AKA with the activities, optimum bulkiness or hydrophobicity for the activities probably existed in the amino acid moiety and the conjugated carboxylic acid moiety of the toxin. Epoxide moiety of the toxin might be essential for the activities. L10-11 14:20-14:40 Stereological Estimaiton of Nerve Fibers: Won Taek Lee and Kyung Ah Park; Dept. of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea Although there are some reports on the quantitative changes of diabetic neuropathy in experimental animals and human, detailed paremeters such as sizes of axon, thickness of myelin sheath, perimeter of nerve fibers, etc were not yet investigated thoroughly. Purpose of this study is to estimate the precise and detailed changes of myelinated and unmyelinated peripheral nerve fibers by unbiased stereological techniques in experimentally induced diabetic neuropathy. Quantitative studies of nerve fibers are invaluable for studying experimental, developmental and pathological changes. With stereological techniques it is now possible to obtain precise and unbiased estimates of both number and sizes of axons from a small sample of axons. L09-03 14:40-15:10 Integration Confocal Stereology with DesignBased Stereology: Julie Simpson; MBF Bioscience, USA Confocal microscopy has become the gold standard for positive identification of fluorescently labeled tissue and determination of co-localization. Traditional epi-fluorescent techniques can be unreliable for precisely identifying co-localization due to the contribution of out of focus light. Design-based stereology has become the gold standard for accurately quantifying cell number within biological specimens. Therefore, coupling confocal microscopy with design-based stereolgy is a powerful technique that can be used for simultaneous and precise unbiased quantification of multiple cell types and co-localization. Further enhancing the power of this technique is the ability to quantify fluorescently labeled tissue live or off-line from acquired confocal image stacks. L09-04 17 L-11) New Phase Contrast Methods for TEM and Their Applications Organized by Kuniaki Nagayama and Youn-Joong Kim Room 302 15:20 ~ 18:05 ORAL MONDAY Chair: M. Marko 15:20-15:40 Invited In-focus Phase Contrast: Present State and Future Developments: R.R. Schröder1, B. Barton2, K. Schultheiß3, B. Gamm3 and D. Gerthsen3; 1Bioquant, CellNetworks Cluster of Excellence, University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, Heidelberg, Germany, 2Max-Planck-Institute of Biophysics, Maxvon-Laue Str. 3, 60438 Frankfurt /Main, Germany, 3 Laboratory for Electron Microscopy, University Karlsruhe, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany The advantages of in-focus phase contrast over the conventional bright-field defocus contrast of weak phase objects will be illustrated and different implementations of carbon-film based phase plates and electro-static devices such as einzel lenses or a drift tube will be discussed. As examLes from our own labs we will describe Hilbert phase contrast tomography and the novel Phase contrast Aberration Corrected Electron Microscope, the so-called PACEM project in collaboration with Carl Zeiss-NTS. Finally, we will discuss future developments, such as an obstruction-free electrostatic phase plate and dedicated optics (anamorphotic Boersch-type) and a completely novel electrostatic Hilbert phase plate. L11-01 15:40-16:00 Invited Development and Application of Zernike Electrostatic Phase Plate: Practice and Theory: F.R. Chen1,2, S.H. Huang1, Jessie Shiue2, Yeukuang Hwu2, WeiHau Chang3, Ji-Jung Kai1, F.G. Tseng1 and Chia -Seng Chang2; 1Dept. of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan, ROC, 2Institute of Physics, Academic Sinica, Taiwan, ROC, 3Institute of Chemistry, Academic Sinica, Taiwan, ROC The improvement of Si based micro-machining technique allows us to produce an electrostatic microlens (Einzel phase plate). Alternation of phase with Einzel phase plate has been shown by several groups and the contrast enhancement with Einzel electrostatic phase plate is demonstrated in SiO2/SiONX interface containing of higher averaged Z element. A further application in biological specimen containing averaged low Z elements such as carbon and hydrogen atoms) needs a smaller phase plate size to conform the cutoff frequency requirement. The practical difficulties and the solutions to the electro-static 18 phase plate of smaller size such as tilting of phase plate, contamination, radiation damage, limitation of the illumination, monitoring of workablility of phase plate and integration with TEM system will be will be discussed in detail in my talk. L11-02 16:00-16:15 Progress on Implementation of a Drift-tube Design for an Electrostatic Phase-contrast Aperture: R.M. Glaeser1, D. Typke1, K.H. Downing1, R.A. Nordmeyer2, E.W. Cornell2, R. Cambie2 and J.J. Jin2; 1Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, 2 Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley Proof-of-concept experiments have previously shown that a “Drift tube” type of microfabricated electrode can be used as an electrostatic phase plate for transmission electron microscopy. Further development of this concept requires (1) that the scale of microfabricated features be reduced to 500 nm or less and (2) that technology be established that prevents unwanted charging of the device during use. We report that deep UV photolithography can be used for microfabrication of devices with the desired feature size, and experiments are currently under way to determine the effectiveness of heating such apertures during use. L11-03 16:15-16:35 Invited An Aharonov-Bohm Effect Design for Hilbert Differential Phase Contrast: Kuniaki Nagayama1, Radostin Danev1, Hiroshi Okawara1, Kazuo Yamamoto2, Tsukasa Hirayama2 and Atsushi Kitayama2; 1Okazaki Inst. Integrative Biosci. & Nat. Inst. Physiol. Sci., NINS, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan, 2JFCC, Nagoya 456-8587, Japan 3. Terabase Co., Okazaki 444-8787, Japan, The function of new phase plate (AB phase plate) is based on the “Aharonov-Bohm (AB) effect”. This phase plate is equivalent to the Hilbert phase plate previously realized with carbon films. New phase plate utilizes vector potential generated by a submicron bar magnet and any information breaking scattering of electron will not occur except for the portion of the magnetic nano-wire. Two methods using a submicron wire of electron biprism and a FIB fabricated submicron platinum wire were tested for fabrication. We will show electron holographic results monitoring the phase retardation around a magnetic nano-wire and TEM results obtained for biological specimens. L11-04 16:35-16:45 Coffee break Chair: K. Nagayama 17:05-17:20 Zernike Phase Contrast Electron Microscopy of IceEmbedded Influenza A Virus: M. Yamaguchi1, H. Okada1, R. Danev2, K. Nishiyama3, K. Sugawara3 and K. Nagayama2; 1Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan, 2Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institute of Natural Sciences, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Japan, 3The Chemo-SeroTherapeutic Research Institute, Kikuchi Research Center, Kyokushi, Kikuchi, Kumamoto, Japan The ultrastructure of the frozen-hydrated influenza A virus was examined by Zernike phase contrast electron microscopy. Using this new microscopy, not only lipid bilayers but also individual glycoprotein spikes on viral envelopes were clearly resolved with high contrast in micrographs taken in focus. In addition to spherical and elongated virions, three other classes of virions were distinguished on the basis of the features of their viral envelope: virions with a complete matrix layer, which were the most predominant, virions with a partial matrix layer, and virions with no matrix layer under the lipid bilayer. About 450 glycoprotein spikes were present in an average-sized spherical virion. Eight ribonucleoprotein complexes were distinguished in one viral particle. Thus, Zernike phase contrast electron microscopy is a powerful tool for resolving the ultrastructure of viruses, because it enables highcontrast images of ice-embedded particles. L11-06 17:20-17:35 Observation of Polyphosphate Bodies and Newly Synthesized DNA in Cyanobacteria by HDC- ORAL MONDAY 16:45-17:05 Invited Use of a Zernike Phase Plate for Cryo-Electron Tomography: M. Marko, C.-E. Hsieh and C. Mannella; Resource for Visualization of Biological Complexity, Wadsworth Center, Empire State Plaza, Albany, NY, USA The near-native cell ultrastructure can be studied in 3-D by cryo-electron tomography of frozenhydrated specimens. For a given specimen thickness, target resolution, and accelerating voltage, there is a threshold for the total electron dose that can be used for collecting a tilt series without inducing significant electron-irradiation damage. In-focus phase-plate imaging improves contrast and allows images of frozenhydrated specimens to be recorded at a lower electron dose. This allows the number of tilt images to be increased, resulting in higher tomographic resolution. We will share our experiences with implementation of phase-plate imaging for cryoelectron tomography in an unmodified TEM. L11-05 TEM: Y. Kaneko1, K. Nitta2 and K. Nagayama3; Biology Section in the Faculty of Education, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan, 2Okazaki Institute for Integrative Biosciences, 3National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan The ultrastructure of ice embedded whole cyanobacterial cells was observed with a Hilbert differential contrast transmission electron microscope. We attempted to identify in vivo DNA by incorporation of BrdU, which conferred electron density to newly synthesized DNA in cyanobacterial cells. Localization of BrdU was confirmed by fluorescently labeled antiBrdU antibodies and EDX analysis of ultrathin sections. BrdU incorporation was most conspicuous at cellular poles and co-localization of Br and P was detected at polyphosphate bodies and DNA structures. Various electron dense fibril structures could be recognized by HDC-TEM in those areas that were electron dense due to BrdU incorporation. L11-07 1 17:35-17:50 Direct Observation of Ice-Embedded Cyanobacteria by Using High Voltage Electron Microscope Equipped with Zernike Phase Plate: Hideki Shigematsu1, Koji Nitta1, Radostin Danev1, Youn-Jong Kim2 and Kuniaki Nagayama1; 1Division of NanoStructure Physiology, Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, Myodaiji-cho 5-1, Higashiyama, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan, 2Division of Electron Microscope Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, 52 Yeoeundong, Yuseong-gu, Yuseong P.olbox 41. Daejeon, Korea A method to investigate ultrastructures of cellular organisms, especially for membrane systems has been developed in combination of transmission electron microscope (TEM) and cryo-fixation techniques. A cryo-TEM equipped with phase plate made of thin carbon film had been applied for direct observation of ice-embedded cyanobacteria, Synechococcus sp. PCC7942 cell. But still we have difficulties for thicker part in the cell. Here, we developed the phase plate for HVEM at KBSI and evaluated its applicability to ice-embedded cyanobacteria. L11-08 17:50-18:05 TEM Techniques for Quantitative Size Measurem ents of Rosette Nanotubes: Marek Malac1,2, Ray Egerton1,2, Masahiro Kawasaki3, Kazuo Ishizuka4, Gabor Borzsonyi1, Andrew Myles1 and Hicham Fenniri1; 1National Institute for Nanotechnology, Edmonton, 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, T6G 2M9, Canada, 2Dept of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2G7, Canada, 3JEOL USA, Inc., 11 Dearborn Road, Peabody, MA 01960, USA, 4HREM Research Inc., 14-48 Matsukazedai, Higashimasuyama, 355-0055, Japan 19 Electron energy loss spectroscopy, electron holography and transport of intensity approaches were optimized and compared for low dose quantitative characterization of rosette nanotubes with about 4 nm diameter. L11-09 November 04, 2008 TUESDAY I-02) SEM Instrumentation ORAL TUESDAY Organized by Jondo Yun and Brendan Griffin Room 402 09:20 ~ 11:50, 14:00 ~ 16:00 Chair: Jondo Yun 09:20-09:50 Invited Low Voltage Imaging in the FE-SEM: Raynald Gauvin and Camille Probst; Department of Mining, Metals and Materials Engineering, McGill University, Canada The Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope equipped with a STEM detector is a new device allowing new imaging possibilities at high spatial resolution. This paper intends to show the possibility of imaging nanomaterials, such coating or nanotubes. I02-01 09:50-10:05 A Complementarity Experiment of Surface and Cross-sectional Imaging for Mesoporous Materials by Low Voltage, High-resolution SEM: Atsushi Miyak1, Shuichi Takeuchi1, Kunji Shigeto1, Naoki Sakamoto1, Mine Nakagawa1, Sho Kataoka2, Yuki Inagi2 and Akira Endo2; 1Naka Division, Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation, Japan, 2National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Japan Direct SEM imaging of Mesoporous silicas susceptible to the incident beam are attempted at a low voltage, 800V. Optimum beam scan settings satisfy both smaller beam illumination time per pixels and good S/N ratio without charging or beam damage, by using a FE-SEM. Mesoporous silica films inside the microcapillary tubes reveals that the surface is covered with approximately 10nm sized uniform pores, and the highly ordered structure continues overall from the view of the cross section. Surface walls of mesoporous silica powders are compared cross-section, postembedding particles milled by broad ion beam milling system. This reveals their uniform, cylindrical structures. I02-02 20 10:05-10:20 Ultra High-Resolution and Low Energy Scanning Electron Microscopy: D.J. Stokes1, L.Y. Roussel1, I. Gestmann1 and R.J. Young2; 1FEI Company, The Netherlands, 2FEI Company, USA We present our most recent results involving ultra high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM), including very low energy energy SEM using beam deceleration to reduce the energy of the primary electron beam as it reaches the specimen, along with other approaches to improve resolution. this talk, using EELS with a 2-Å electron probe in the near-field geometry and energy-filtered spectral imaging in real space, we have unambiguously demonstrate the existence of the uncommon SEP excitations on the nanorod surfaces of various semiconductors at energies near the interband transitions and also from metallic nanoparticles in the deep UV, non-metallic spectral regime. I02-03 10:20-10:35 A Study for Elimination of BSE Topographic Information by Imaging Middle or Low Voltages: Masanari Furiki1, Masako Nishimura, Tomoyasu Hirashima, Shigeru Kawamata, Sukehiro Ito, Yasuko Aoki and Mine Nakagawa; Naka Division, Hitachi High- Technologies Corporation, Japan Elimination of topographic information from BSE image is tried under the condition of middle or low operating voltages (3-7kV) by different kinds of SEMs and BSE detectors without any signal calculation. The results of copper plate imaging strongly suggests that topographic information can be eliminated by BSE detectors because of BSE signals relatively lower energy level. BSEs have other information can freely pass because they have higher energy level. BSE detectors themselves work as a kind of energy filter at ranges between middle and lower voltages. I02-04 10:35-10:50 Coffee break Chair: Raynald Gauvin 10:50-11:05 Charge Contrast Imaging of Insulators at the Low Pressure in a FE-SEM: Y. Ji, Y.-Q. Zhang, L. Wang, B. Wei, X.-D. Xu and C.-X. Liu; Institute of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Beijing University of Technology, China Under an incomplete charging-neutralization condition, the localized charge results in a special contrast in secondary electron image of uncoated insulating samples. We observe the charge contrast image (CCI) in a thermal field emission SEM at about 10-5 Pascal for PbTiO3-Ni composite particle, patterned sapphire and human hair. The CCI displays the difference between non-conductive and conductive phase within a PbTiO3-Ni composite particle. The CCI displays the periodic bright/dark variations and indicates highly/lowly strained regions of patterned sapphires. The CCI shows the near-surface feature of the human hair. The charge contrast leads to suppress surface topography and enhance compositional variations. I02-05 11:20-11:35 A Comparison of the Microstructures of a Modified Tridacna Squamosa Marine Shell and Archaeological Shell Beads from Ille Cave, Palawan, Philippines by Scanning Electron Microscopy: P. Basilia1, A. Bautista2 and K. Szabó3; 1University of the Philippines Archaeological Studies Program, 2 National Museum of the Philippines, 3University of Guam Application of SEM on biological and archaeological materials namely, marine shell specimen and archaeological shell beads. SEM results of the Tridacna squamosa marine shell was compared to the archaeological shell beads recovered from the Ille Cave, Palawan, Philippines excavations to determine the extent of the taphonomic changes. It is a pioneer study on the taphonomic behavior of archaeological 11:35-11:50 Particle Analysis with LN2-free XFlash® Detectors (SDD) at the SEM Some Applications and Examples: Gabriele Mäurer and Dr. Bernd Altrichter; Bruker AXS Microanalysis GmbH, Germany In the presentation the authors will discuss the significance of energy resolution for particle analysis. XFlash Detectors for example offer an unmatched energy resolution of 125 eV at MnKa resulting at excellent light element performance (e.g. 48 eV at Carbon, 58 eV Fluorine). This is particularly important for low kV excitation voltages where the number of counts is limited and the clear separation of elements is desired. I02-08 ORAL TUESDAY 11:05-11:20 Strengthening Mechanism of an Extruded Mg15Gd-3Y Alloy by Artificial Aging Treatment: WANG Wen-yan1, XU Jing1, XIE Jing-pei1, WANG Ai-hua2, HOU Jin-ling1, LI Ji-wen1 and WANG Ai-qin1; 1School of materials science and engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, China, 2 School of materials science and engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China A new type of extruded Mg-Gd-Y alloy was strengthened to a high tensile strength of 450 MPa by artificial aging treatment. Effect of artificial aging treatment parameters on tensile strength and plasticity was investigated. Furthermore, the corresponding strengthening mechanism was revealed by Scanning Electron Microscope incorporating with energy dispersive spectrum, X-ray diffraction analysis, High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope. The high tensile strength was contributed by coherently dispersed and nano-sized Mg5(Gd,Y), MgGd3, Mg24Y5 phase onto hexagonal magnesium alloy matrix. I02-06 marine shell beads in the microstructural level using SEM. I02-07 12:00-13:00 Lunch 13:00-14:00 Poster Presentation (1st Floor) Chair: Brendan Griffin 14:00-14:30 Invited Dynamic Observation and High Resolution Element Mapping Study with LEEM and SR-XPEEM: Takanori Koshikawa; Fundamental Electronics Research Institute, Japan Low energy electron microscopy (LEEM) and photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM) are now widely used to observe the surface phenomena with the dynamic and versatile manner, e.g., spinpolarized LEEM (SPLEEM), Spectroscopic photoemission electron microscopy (SPELEEM), X-ray photoemission electron microscopy with synchrotron radiation (SR-XPEEM)), X-ray circular dichroism PEEM (XMCDPEEM), X-ray magnetic linear dichroism PEEM (XMLDPEEM) and so on. I02-09 14:30-15:00 Invited Scanning Cathodoluminescence Microscopy and Spectroscopy of Binary Oxide Nanostructures: M.R. Phillips, S.M. Moody and C. Ton-That; Microstructural Analysis Unit, University of Technology, Australia Simultaneous scanning cathodoluminescence microscopy and low voltage scanning transmission electron microscopy in a scanning electron microscope have been used to characterise individual binary oxide nanowires and nanoparticles. The re- 21 sults confirm the utility of the approach for this particular application but also reveal that considerable care must be taken in interpreting the data. I02-10 Chair: Takanori Koshikawa ORAL TUESDAY 15:00-15:30 Invited The Complexity of Material and ‘Orientation’ Contrast in Backscattered Ion and Electron Imaging with SEM and the 'Orion’ He-based Scanning Ion Microscope: Brendan John Griffin1 and David C Joy2,3; 1The University of Western Australia, Australia, 2University of Tennessee, USA, 3 Center for NanoPhase Materials Science, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, USA A study of the complexity of contrasts in backscattered ions and electron images using conventional SEM and the new He-based scanning ion microscope. I02-11 15:30-15:45 Development of a Novel Real-time Stereo Scanning Electron Microscope with a Sophisticated Manipulation System for Applying to Biomedical Studies: T. Ushiki1, S. Ito2, Y. Sato2, H. Aoyama3, F. Iwata4, E. Oho5, N. Baba5 and E. Takaoki6; 1Division of Microscopic Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan, 2Naka Division, Hitachi High-Technologies Co, Japan, 3University of Electro-Communications, Japan, 4Shizuoka University, Japan, 5Faculty of Informatics, Kogakuin University, Japan, 6META Corporation Japan, Japan Stereo image pairs of scanning electron microscopy are usually obtained by sample tilting, while beam tilting techniques were sometimes reported for real-time imaging. However, real-time imaging of stereo SEM is not still practically used mainly because of the technical difficulties about beam deflection, astigmatism correction and so on. In this paper, we introduce a real-time stereo SEM, which was newly developed by us especially for the biomedical use. We also introduce a sophisticated manipulation system which can work in the real-time stereo SEM. I02-12 the tilt angle up to an accuracy of 0.1°. In this paper an improvement of this approach is introduced, which achieves automatic calibration data refinement and traceable results. To demonstrate its accuracy, a micro-contour artefact and a depth measurement standard from the PTB (Physikalisch Technische Bundesanstalt, Germany) have been measured. I02-13 I-05) Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy and X-ray Spectrometry Organized by Hion-Suck Baik, Hiroki Kurata and Masami Terauchi Room 402 16:20 ~ 18:00 Chair: Hion-Suck Baik 16:20-16:50 Invited Development of a Nanotip-FEG and its Application to STEM-EELS Analysis: H. Kurata1, S. Isoda1 and T. Tomita2; 1Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Japan, 2JEOL, Japan In order to enhance a performance of STEM-EELS analysis, we developed a bright electron source, a nanotip, consisting of a nano-protrusion on a tip apex of W<111> emitter. In the present work, we demonstrate capabilities of a nanotip cold-field emission gun (FEG) mounted on a Cs-corrected STEM and its application to EELS analysis. I05-01 16:50-17:10 The Effect of Auger Electrons on X-Ray Microanalysis in the FE-TEM: Raynald Gauvin; Department of Materials Engineering, McGill University, Canada This paper presents the effect of Auger electrons on x-ray microanalysis in electron microscopy of thin foils. Their effect on the yield of x-ray emission and on the spatial resolution of x-ray microanalysis is presented. I05-02 Chair: Cheng-Hsuan Chen 15:45-16:00 Automatic Calibration for 3D Measurements with the SEM: R. Danzl, F. Helmli and S. Scherer; Alicona Imaging GmbH, Austria Usually, 3D surface measurement with the SEM is performed by using two input images. Since the accuracy is strongly dependent on the correct tilt angle, this is a rather error prone method. So, this stereoscopic approach has been extended to a third image which results in the automatic calculation of 22 17:10-17:40 Invited Recent Development of Soft-X-ray Emission Spectroscopy Instruments for a Conventional Analytical Transmission Electron Microscope: M. Terauchi1 and M. Koike2; 1Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Japan, 2APRC, Quantum Beam Science Directorate, Japan Information of electronic structure of valence electrons (bonding electrons) is imperative for characterizing a material. A development of a softX-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) instrument, referred as the original spectrometer, for a transmission electron microscope (TEM) presented us that a density of states (DOS) of the valence band can be obtained from a specified small specimen area. I05-03 I-03) HV-TEM Organized by Youn-Joong Kim and Hirotaro Mori Room 401 09:20 ~ 12:05, 14:00 ~ 14:45 Chair: Youn-Joong Kim 09:20-09:50 Invited Studies on Electron Irradiation Effects in Metals with HVEM: Hirotaro Mori, Kazuto Arakawa and Takeshi Nagase; Research Center for Ultra-High Voltage Electron Microscopy, Osaka University, Japan It is well known that high voltage electron microscopy (HVEM) possesses a number of advantages that cannot be afforded by conventional electron microscopy. Two examples of the advantages are: (i) the large observable thickness of specimens which is necessary for three-dimensional observations and for observations of the same phenomena as those occurring in bulk materials, and (ii) the feature that continuous observation of phenomena by a variety of electron microscopy techniques is possible simultaneously with the introduction of point defects. In this paper, topics of studies that were carried out by employing advantage (iii) mentioned above, will be presented. I03-01 ORAL TUESDAY 17:40-18:00 Basic Design of Microcalorimeter Type EDS System for Transmission Electron Microscope: T. Hara1, K. Tanaka2, K. Maehata3, K. Mitsuda4, M. Ohsaki5 and Y. Bando1; 1National Institute for Materials Science, Japan, 2SII NanoTechnology Inc., Japan, 3 Kyushu Univ., Japan, 4Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Japan, 5JEOL Ltd., Japan In order to improve the energy resolution of EDS analysis on TEM observation, we have developed the TES type microcalorimeter -EDS for TEM. The target value of the energy resolution is 10eV (at 5.9keV), which is one order higher than that of the current typical SSD type detectors. At present, we succeed to detect an X-ray pulse by this system. The basic concepts and design will be presented at the conference. I05-04 09:50-10:20 Invited In-situ High-resolution High-voltage Transmission Electron Microscopy for Industrially Important Materials: Se Ahn Song1, Wei Zhang1, Hong Sik Jeong2, Jin Gyu Kim3 and Youn-Joong Kim3; 1AE Center, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Korea, 2Semiconductor R&D Division, Samsung Electronics Co., Korea, 3Korea Basic Science Institute, Korea Phase transformation and crystal growth behavior of Ge2Sb2Te5 were investigated systematically by means of in situ heating (from room temperature to 500 ℃) of amorphous Ge2Sb2Te5 alloy in a high voltage electron microscope with real-time monitoring. Crystallization started to occur to amorphous Ge2Sb2Te5 around 130℃. Large crystal growth developed on heating from 200℃ to 400℃, and single crystalline grains grew up to 150 nm. Eventually the onset of partial melting of thin Ge2Sb2Te5 foil was at 500℃ and liquid Ge2Sb2Te5 was observed for the first time by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Hexagonal Ge2Sb2Te5 phase remains after a subsequent cooling. I03-02 10:20-10:35 Advantages of High Energy Electrons for Electron Spectroscopic Imaging of Complex Structured Nanoparticles: Y.-M Kim1, S. Kyung1, Y.-S Kim1, Y.-J. Kim1, Y.-W Jun2 and J. Cheon2; 1Korea Basic Science Institute, Korea, 2Department of chemistry and nano-medical national core research center, Yonsei University, Korea In this study we simulated and estimated advantages of high energy electrons especially on the coreloss spectroscopic imaging for complex structured nanoparticles like Fe3O4-CoFe2O4 coreshell structure. Finally, we demonstrated beneficial effect of high energy electrons for their elemental mapping on the Fe and Co L edges. I03-03 10:35-10:50 Coffee break Chair: Hirotaro Mori 10:50-11:20 Invited In-Situ Atomic Resolution HVEM Studies of Strontium Titanate at High Temperatures: F. Phillipp1, P.J. Bellina1, S.B. Lee2, R. Messer2 and P.A. van Aken1; 1Max-Planck Institute for Metals Research, Germany, 2School of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Korea, 3University of Cooperative Education, Germany 23 ORAL TUESDAY Applications of the Stuttgart JEM-ARM1250 highvoltage atomic resolution microscope are presented, with emphasis on atomic-resolution in-situ studies. Investigations of Strontium Titanate at temperatures between 900℃and 1000℃ are discussed in detail, including surface reconstruction phenomena served by profile imaging at 930 °C and the growth of TiO islands at 980℃ studied by both, profile and planview imaging. I03-04 materials. 11:20-11:50 Invited Energy-Filtering High Voltage Electron Microscope JEM-1300NEF for Multiple NanoStructure Analyses: S. Matsumura1,2, K. Yasuda1,2, T. Daio2, E. Tanaka2, Y. Tomokiyo2, M. Itakura3, S. Ooue4, S. Ohta5, T. Kobayashi5, K. Omoto5 and M. Ohsaki5; 1Department of Applied Quantum Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Kyushu University, Japan, 2 HVEM Laboratory, Kyushu University, Japan, 3 Department of Applied Science for Electronics and Materials, Kyushu University, Japan, 4Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyushu University, Japan, 5JEOL Ltd, Japan This paper will report the present status of the newly developed high voltage electron microscope installed at Kyushu University. The functions, specifications and some recent applications will be also demonstrated. I03-05 Chair: Syo Matsumura 11:50-12:05 Direct Imaging of Nanocrystal Formation in LiFePO4: Sung-Yoon Chung1, Young-Min Kim2 and Youn-Joong Kim2; 1Department of Materials Science & Eng., Inha University, Korea, 2Korea Basic Science Institute, Korea We show the formation of metal phosphate nanocrystals at a high temperature using high-voltage electron microscopy (HVEM), of which new developments allow one to determine the structural variation in real time in a variety of nanoscale materials. Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) was selected as a multiomponent model system for this atomic-level in situ observation. Since the discovery of the impressive lithium intercalation reaction in LiFePO4, a great deal of attention has been paid to the phosphate as an alternative cathode material in lithium-ion batteries due to its outstanding thermochemical stability and environmental benignity. In particular, the crystal size is known to be one of the most significant parameters among many other factors that determine the electrochemical cycling performance of LiFePO4. Thus, our present study will be able to suggest practical approaches to the effective synthesis of metal phosphate nanocrystals, as well as to elucidate the fundamental mechanism for nucleation and growth during crystallization of complex inorganic 24 I03-06 12:05-13:00 Lunch 13:00-14:00 Poster Presentation (1st Floor) 14:00-14:30 Invited High Voltage Electron Microscopy in Neuroscience Research: Im Joo Rhyu; Department of Anatomy College of Medicine Korea University, Korea Detailed morphology in cerebellar neurons includeing Purkinje cell, granule cell, basket cell and satellite cell could be observed in Golgi impregnated cerebellar slices with HVEM. Diverse Purkinje cell dendritic spine morphologies were categorized into several types and their normal distribution ratio and morphometric characteristics were determined. These characters of the spine were changed in response to learning and memory. With relative thick section serial sections of the cerebellum, efficient three dimensional reconstructions were possible compared with conventional TEM. Also, thanks to strong penetration power of HVEM, diverse morphology of mitochondria could be analyzed without sectioning. HVEM is one of the best options to explore nervous system. I03-07 14:30-14:45 Instrumentations for Cryo-HVEM in the Korea Basic Science Institute: Youn-Joong Kim, Jong-Man Jeong, Seon-Gyu Lee, Sang-Hee Lee, Jin-Gyu Kim, Young-Min Kim, Su Jin Kim, Hee-Seok Kweon and Sang Ho Oh; Division of Electron Microscopic Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, Korea Cryo-EM studies using HVEM on soft samples such as biological materials or organic materials consisted of light elements have not been well explored probably because of instrumental limitation as well as fear of irradiation damages by high energy electrons [1]. We investigated practical solutions for Cryo-HVEM problems encountered in our experiments: (1) temperature rise inside the HVEM due to the long cryo-transfer holder with the contacting crystal tip; (2) uncertainty of the real specimen temperature; (3) inadequate tasks of cryo-transferring outside the HVEM; (4) insufficient vacuum of the dry pumping system; (5) uncertainty of structures and properties of the embedding ice. I03-08 I-09) Advanced Optical Microscopy and Scanning Probe Microscopy Organized by Haeseong Lee, Wonho Jhe, Hirofumi Yamada Room 401 15:00 ~ 18:05 Chair: Haeseong Lee 15:30-16:00 Invited Subnanometer-resolution Imaging of Biomolecules and Hydration Force Measurements by Frequency Modulation Atomic Force Microscopy: Hirofumi Yamada1, Shin-ichiro Ido1, Kei Kobayashi2 and Yoshiki Hirata3; 1Department of Electronic Science and Engineering, Kyoto University, Japan, 2Innovative Collaboration Center, Kyoto University, Japan, 3 National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Japan High-resolution imaging in liquids by frequency modulation atomic force microscopy (FM-AFM) is severely hindered by the extreme reduction of the Q-factor due to the hydrodynamic interaction between the cantilever and the liquid. However, we recently demonstrated that the use of the small amplitude mode and the large noise reduction in the cantilever deflection sensor brought great progress in FM-AFM imaging in liquids. In this presentation subnanometerresolution imaging of biomolecules in liquids using the improved FM-AFM is described. I09-02 16:00-16:15 Development of TEM-STM System for In-situ Investigation of Properties of Semiconductors: S. Kim1, Y. Tanishiro1,2, K. Takayanagi1,2; 1Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan, 2CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Japan 16:15-16:30 In Situ AFM and Confocal Raman Microspectrometry Combined with Chemometric Methods for Particle Imaging: S. Sobanska, J. RimetzPlanchon, M. Choel, C. Brémard and J. Barbillat; Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman (LASIR UMR CNRS 8516), Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, France. Investigation of grain-like materials requires analytical tools capable of providing physicochemical information at the particle scale. Confocal Raman imaging using computer-controlled XY scaning and Z focusing combined with chemometric methods can provide spectra characteristic of single particle composition. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a complementary technique to describe the morphologyof particles with high spatial resolution. This work reports results obtained on atmospheric particles. Morphological and molecular characterization obtained by AFM and in situ Raman imaging gave evidence of atmospheric transformation of aerosols such as coagulation of particles and chemical reactions on particle surfaces. I09-04 ORAL TUESDAY 15:00-15:30 Invited Single-molecule Conductance Measurements by UHV-STM: M. Fujihira, and S. Fujii; Department of Biomolecular Enginnering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan Measurements of reliable single-molecule conductance using the mechanically controllable break junction (MCBJ) and the scanning tunneling microscopy based break junction (STM-BJ) method are now a key issue of single-molecular electronics. In particular, the effect of atomic details of single-molecule junctions formed during cyclic formation and breaking a metallic point contact with MCBJ and STM-BJ on measured single-molecule conductance values, Gsm, has been studied experimentally and theoretically. I09-01 Transmission Electron Microscope combined with Scanning Tunneling Microscope in an ultra High vacuum (UHV-TEM-STM) have been developed for simultaneous acquisition of both High resolution TEM and STM image. For preliminary test, we used HOPG as a sample. As a result, we obtained STM image of HOPG during electron beam irradiation, which is essential for simultaneous observation. I09-03 16:30-16:50 Coffee break Chair: Masamichi Fujihira 16:50-17:20 Invited Visualization of Confinement Potentials of Semiconductor Quantum Structures by Near-Field Optical Mapping of Exciton Wavefunction: Y. Sugimoto and T. Saiki; Department Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Keio University, Japan We performed high-resolution, near-field optical imaging of exciton and biexciton emissions in a single quantum dot. Significant displacement of the center of emission profiles was found, in contrast to the usual difference in the emission profiles of an exciton and a biexciton. By conducting a numerical calculation, such a displacement could be reproduced by introducing a shallow potential dip, which causes a significant difference in the penetration of the wavefunctions into the barrier. Precise mapping of 25 exciton and biexciton wavefunctions of quantumconfined structures will provide a new probe for weakly localized states due to local strain and disorder. I09-05 ORAL TUESDAY 17:20-17:50 Invited NSOM System Optimized for SIL-based Optical Memory and its Application: TaeSun Song and Wonho Jhe; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Center for Nanoliquid, Seoul National University, Korea The near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) having a form of planar waveguide was designed and reviewed for a possibility to improve the signal transfer performance and manufacturing efficiency while maintaining the constant performance. Such near-field optical system was checked in order to improve the intensity of optical signal. The cover-layered solid immersion lens (SIL) was used for the repeated usage. In particular, the multilayer and multi-channel NSOM to enhance the signal transfer rates was designed and reviewed. It is also discussed whether the performance in 3D or superHDTV is applicable or versatile enough in the biological research from the point of view of spatial frequency. I09-06 17:50-18:05 Electric Field Vector Imaging of Surface Plasmon Generated by a Single Slit: H.W. Kihm, K.G. Lee, J. S. Ahn, K.J. Ahn and D.S. Kim; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Korea Here, we show electric vector imaging using polarizer combined apertureless type NSOM. Surface plasmon polariton (SPP) generated by single slit is studied using polarization resolved NSOM. Polarization resolved near-field images distinguish SPP from other diffracted light, showing both how SPP is emanating from the slit aperture and how propagating SPP generates standing wave patterns on the metal surface. These observations demonstrate that polarization resolved near-field measurement provides new information not available in conventional techniques. I09-07 M-04) Metals, Alloys and Steels Organized by Keesam Shin Room Samda2 09:20 ~ 12:00, 14:00 ~ 17:20 Chair: K. Shin 26 09:20-09:50 Invited Effect of Nb and Cu Addition and Grain Size on the Distribution of Carbon in Ultra Low Carbon Steels: D.H. Yoo1, J.H. Seo1, J.B. Yoon2, C.G. Park3, D.Y. Park1, C.G. Lee1 and K. Shin1; 1School of Nano and Advanced Materials, Changwon National University, Korea, 2POSCO Technical Research Laboratory, Korea, 3School of Materials and Science Engineering, Pohang Univ. of Science and Technology, Korea In this study, we wanted to see the effect of additional Cu and Nb on the carbon distribution and grain size in the grain interior and grain boundary, respectively. For the observation, we fabricated two specimens of ultra low carbon steel; (A) with Cu and without Nb, (B) with Nb and without Cu. And we examined the distribution of carbon in the matrix and grain boundary by pulsed laser atom probe and the difference of formation of precipitates in two types of materials by transmission electron microscopy. From atom probe results about specimen B, we found a segregated region of carbon, boron, and phosphorus atoms which coincides with the grain boundary observed in secondary electron microscope. In case of carbon, maximum value of concentration in this region is about 1.3 at%., which is about 70 times higher than that in the grain interior. M04-01 09:50-10:05 Prediction of the Delamination Occurrence in the Cold Drawn Steel Filaments by Using Atom Probe Tomography: Y.S. Yang1, J.G.. Bae3 and C.G.. Park1,2; 1Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang Univ. of Sci. & Tech. (POSTECH), Korea, 2 National Center for Nanomaterials Technology (NCNT), POSTECH, Korea, 3R&D center KISWIRE, Korea Layer-integrated steels (LIS) are constructed by soft and hard steel layers are of interest for structural applications because of their excellent mechanical properties. The LIS used in this study is composed of commercial-grade steel SUS304 and SCM415. The layered sample was produced by a cold rolling process, and then annealed. During this procedure, a short time annealing was found to be a key process, since the interface strength of the LIS dramatically increases after annealing. In this paper, we describe the microstructure evolution of the interface between the SUS304 and SCM415 layers during annealing, by using STEM with EDS. M04-02 10:05-10:20 Three-dimensional TEM Observation of Porous Platinum Layers Formed on Porous Silicon by Immersion Plating: Junichi Shimanuki1, Masanori Hayase2 and Takashi Ishiguro2; 1Research Department, NISSAN ARC, LTD., JAPAN, 2Tokyo University of Science, Japan a new concept that even as small as 0.01% copper plays as a sulfide-former, although it has been regarded as one of unavoidable impurities in steel getting into during steelmaking process and it has been believed that copper exists as solid solution and has no effect on any precipitations in steel. Our analytical approach is mainly based on TEM & energy-filtered EELS elemental mappings and these results are backed up with chemical analyses. Two types of copper sulfide (Cu-S) exist in a steel with only a sulfide-former of Mn as free-standing-typed and coating-typed on MnS. In Ti-added steel, Cu-S exists at an overlapped area of TiS and Ti4C2S2 in a multi-phase-conjugated sulfide. Also, a mechanism to form Cu-S is also discussed . M04-05 10:20-10:35 HRTEM Study for the Effect of Ag/Cu Addition on Precipitates in Al-Mg-Si Alloys: K. Matsuda1, J. Nakamura2, T. Kawabata1, T. Sato3 and S. Ikeno1; 1 Graduate School of Science & Engineering for Research, University of Toyama, Japan, 2Graduate School of Science & Engineering for Education, University of Toyama, Japan, 3Graduate School of Science & Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan It is well known that excess Mg, additon of Cu and Ag causes increased hardness, elongation and extrusion resistance than Al-Mg2Si quasi-binary alloy. In this work, the age-hardening of excess Mg type Al- 1.0 mass% Mg2Si- 0.4 mass% Mg alloys with 0.5 mass% Ag or 0.5 mass% Cu have been investigated. It showed an increase in hardness and age-hardening response. Precipitates in those alloys aged at 523 K have been observed by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and classified into five types. The beginning of precipitation of the beta'-phase has been affected by additional elements, and a new phase has been found in those alloys. M04-04 11:15-11:30 On Nucleation Behaviour of β−ω Phase Transformation in β-type Ti-Mo Alloys: E. Sukedai; Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Okayama University of Science, Japan To clarify beta-omega phase transformation mechanism, nucleation behavior due to stress-aging and cooling to 131 K was investigated. In stress-aging, nucleation-sites increase with stressing and increasing aging time. It is found that nucleation needs incubation-time, and a stressing does not affect growth of aged omega- particles. As a specimen was cooled to 131 K without electron irradiation, omegaparticles appeared. The nucleation behavior is sensitive to electron beam irradiation. Reproducibility of nucleation by cooling was not recognized. Heterogeneous and fluctuating distribution of vacancy-clusters and solute atoms will be predicted as nucleation-sites. This prediction might be reasonable in the stress-aging. M04-06 10:35-10:45 Coffee break Chair: Man Ling Sui 10:45-11:15 Invited New Concept of Sulfide Precipitation in Steel Involving a Trace Level of Copper: Yasuhide Ishiguro1 and Kotaro Kuroda2; 1Steel Research Laboratory, JFE Steel Corporation, JAPAN, 2Department of Physical Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, Japan Sulfide precipitation in steel is reviewed by adding ORAL TUESDAY Porous platinum layers formed on porous silicon fabricated with MEMS (MicroElectromechanical Systems) techniques have attracted attention as one of the key material for building micro fuel cells because it allows the integration of the catalyst layer and electrodes. In the present study, we used threedimensional observation using electron tomography to examine the effectiveness of evaluating the nanostructure of porous platinum layers formed on porous silicon. In conclusion, it was found that Pt replaced Si at porous platinum layer. The morphology of the porous platinum was formed by partially connected particles about several ten nm in diameter. And it reveals the presence of small protuberances on the particles. M04-03 11:30-11:45 Voiding from Interfacial Impurities in SnBi/Cu Solder Interconnects: Pan-Ju Shang1, Zhi-Quan Liu1, D.X. Li1 and Jian-Ku Shang2; 1Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China 2Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA Voids are often found at solder interfaces, especially with copper metallization, following long-term aging. So far the voids are widely believed to form because of the Kirkendall effect. Here we present evidence for a different mechanism of void formation at solder interfaces. In the as-reflowed state, high resolution transmission electron microscopy revealed a clean and void-free interface. Upon aging, impurity atoms migrated to the interface and formed nanoparticles along a preferred orientation. Once impurity atoms 27 have occupied the interfacial sites and form immobile particles, diffusion flux became highly localized, resulting in voids around the impurity particles. M04-07 ORAL TUESDAY 11:45-12:00 Electron Microscopy and Dry Wear Property of Destabilised 18wt%Cr-3wt%C-6.7wt%Mo High Chromium Iron: A. Wiengmoon1, T. Chairuangsri2, N. Chomsang2 and J.T.H. Pearce3; 1Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Thailand, 2Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Thailand, 3 National Metals & Materials Technology Centre, Thailand An iron containing 18wt%Cr-3wt%C-6.7wt%Mo was investigated. The as-cast specimen was destabilised, followed by air cooling to room temperature. Tempering after destabilisation was performed. The result from SEM revealed that the as-cast microstructure consisted of austenite dendrites and eutectic M7C3 carbide together with Mo-rich eutectic carbide in a lamellar form. After destabilisation, secondary carbide was precipitated within the martensite matrix. The SADP confirmed that the eutectic carbide, Morich carbide and secondary carbide are M7C3. Destabilisation increased the macrohardness and dry wear resistance. Maximum macrohardness was obtained after the destabilisation plus tempering, however the wear resistance was lower than the destabilsed sample. M04-08 12:00-13:00 Lunch 13:00-14:00 Poster Presentation (1st Floor) Chairs: Tung Hsu and Y. Ikuhara 14:00-14:30 Invited Dynamical Processes of Twin Boundary Migration and Dislocation Emission from Twin Boundaries: Y.B. Wang and M.L. Sui; Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science (SYNL), Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Recent experiments show that the introduction of nanoscale growth twins to ultrafine grains leads to significant increases in both strength and ductility. Understanding the role played by twin boundaries during deformation is becoming of increasing importance. The real-time experimental evidences for twin boundary migration and twin boundaries acting as dislocation sources are presented, by carring out in situ tensile 28 straining experiments inside a transmission electron microscope. Such a study is especially valuable in an attempt to understand deformation mechanisms of various metals and alloys including growth twins or deformed twins. M04-09 14:30-14:45 Evaluation of the Microstructural Characteristics and Corrosion Behavior of Zirconium Alloy: Hyun-Gil Kim, Jeong-Yong Park, Byung-Kwan Choi and Yong-Hwan Jeong; Fusion Technology Development Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Korea Zirconium alloys have been used as a fuel cladding in a nuclear reactor, since these alloys have a good corrosion resistance and mechanical strength at a reactor operating temperature, and a neutron stability. Corrosion and mechanical properties of Zr alloys are controlled by the used alloying elements. From a study for the alloying effect on a corrosion behavior was considerably affected by Nb rather than the other elements. For a better understanding of the correlation between a corrosion and a microstructure, it is necessary to study a phase transformation with an annealing condition for Zr-Nb alloys. So, in this work, Zr-5wt.%Nb alloy specimens with different phase characteristics were prepared with various annealing conditions. A microstructural study and corrosion test were performed to investigate the effect of a phase such as the phase type, fraction, and size on a corrosion. M04-10 14:45-15:00 Displacive-Diffusional Transformation of η-Ni3Ti (HCP) Intermetallic Phase to Austenite (FCC) during Aging of an Fe-Ni-Ti Alloy: Yoon-Uk Heo1, Masaki Takeguchi1, Hu-Chul Lee2 and Kazuo Furuya1; 1High Voltage Electron Microscopy Station, National Institute for Materials Science, Japan, 2 Department of Material Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Korea Displacive-diffusional transformation in solid-state materials was studied very long periods. However, the understanding of this transformation has been divided into two-disputed groups. One group insisted this type of transformation to phenomenological theory of martensite crystallography (PTMC). Another believed that this was well explained by the diffusion controlled ledge wise growth mechanism. These two controversial points of view have no unity yet. In this study, we tried to understand the mechanism of displacivediffusional transformation, that is transformation of HCP h-Ni3Ti to FCC austenite (g), using a various kinds of transmission electron microscopy techniques such as phase contrast imaging, EFTEM, HAADF, and EELS spectroscopy. M04-11 15:15-15:30 Microstructure Evolution at SUS304/SCM415 Interfaces in a Layer-Integrated Steel: Taisuke Hayashi; Department of Materials Science, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Japan Layer-integrated steels (LIS) are constructed by soft and hard steel layers are of interest for structural applications because of their excellent mechanical properties. The LIS used in this study is composed of commercial-grade steel SUS304 and SCM415. The layered sample was produced by a cold rolling process, and then annealed. During this procedure, a short time annealing was found to be a key process, since the interface strength of the LIS dramatically increases after annealing. In this paper, we describe the microstructure evolution of the interface between the SUS304 and SCM415 layers during annealing, by using STEM with EDS. M04-13 15:30-15:50 Coffee break Chairs: Yasuhide Ishiguro and Sung-Joon Kim 15:50-16:20 Invited Transmission Electron Microscopy Study of Gold/ Mercury Amalgam: Tung Hsu; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua Univeristy, TAIWAN Microscopic particles of Au/Hg alloys were formed by evaporation of Hg on thin Au films. Structure of these alloys was studied with transmission electron microscopy. One structure, Au3Hg was identified. M04-14 16:20-16:35 Deformation Twinning and ω Transformation in a Metastable β-Ti Alloy: H. Xing and J. Sun; Electron Microscopy Laboratory, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao-tong University, China In this work, deformation microstructure of a metastable β-Ti alloy with chemical composition of Ti-23Nb-0.7Ta-2Zr-1.2O at.% was studied by highresolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). <111>{211} type deformation twinning and associated stress-induced ω phase transformation were observed in this deformed alloy. This plateshaped ω phase has one variant only, which is favorably oriented with respect to the applied shear stress. The formation of deformation twinning and stress-induced ω nucleation can be explained by the dislocation mechanism based upon the dissociation of the core dislocation 1/2<111> into three 1/6<111> twinning dislocations, and 1/12<111>, 1/3<111> and 1/12<111> trans- formation dislocations. M04-15 ORAL TUESDAY 15:00-15:15 Effects of Deformation and Cooling Rate on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of API X70 Linepipe Steels: J. S. Kang1, H. Yusen2 and C. G. Park1; 1Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang Univ. of Sci. and Tech. (POSTECH), South Korea, 2Shougang Group, Technology Institute, China Two types of API X70 grade steels, bainitic steel (a mixture of acicular ferrite and granular bainite) and ferritic steel (polygonal ferrite matrix with small fraction of martensite), were fabricated at pilot plant with varying deformation amount and cooling rate. Both steels showed similar tensile strength level around 650Mpa. But the higher density of mobile a<111>/2 dislocations in bainitic steels resulted in lower yield strength. Moreover, the trans-granular crack propagation across granular bainite had detrimental effects on impact transition temperature in bainitic steel even though it contained highly misorientated acicular ferrites. M04-12 16:35-16:50 Analysis of Dislocation Structure on Twinning Formation in High-nitrogen Austenitic Stainless Steel: Tae-Ho Lee1, Heon Young Ha1, Chang-Seok Oh1, Sung-Joon Kim1 and YunChul Jung2; 1Ferrous Alloys Research Group, Korea Institute of Materials Science, Korea, 2Test and Evaluation Center, Daegu Machinery Institute of Components & Materials, Korea Formation mechanism of deformation twinning in high-nitrogen austenitic stainless steel was suggested based on the analysis of dislocation structures. At the early stage of deformation, fault pairs composed of stacking fault and bounding partial dislocations heterogeneously nucleated, and grew into overlapping stacking faults, resulting in the formation of deformation twinning. The deformation twinning had crystallographic component, and showed strong orientation dependence with respect to tensile axis. Based on the modified invisibility criteria, the twinning partials were confirmed to be the 1/6[1-21]-type Shockley partial, and the formation mechanism of deformation twinning could be accounted for by the three-layer twin model. M04-16 Chair: Cheng-Hsuan Chen 16:50-17:05 Formation of Stacking Faults During Isothermal Aging at High Temperatures in Mg-Zn-Y Cast Alloys Studied by TEM: Jongbeom Lee, Toyohiko J Konno and Kenji Hiraga; Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Japan 29 The Mg-0.7%Zn-1.4%Y alloys were annealed at the temperature range from 573K to 773K and examined by using DSC (differential scanning calorimeter) in order to clarify the precipitation behaviors of the alloys. The microstructure of the alloys was observed using TEM (transmission electron microscopy) with a JEM-4000EX operating at 400kV. The DSC analyses show an exothermic peak at 823K, corresponding to the dissolution of 14H LPSO (long period stacking ordered) structure in the α-Mg matrix, which increased as the annealing temperature increases. Through TEM observations on the microstructure, it was shown that the sample annealed at 573K possess a number of stacking faults in the matrix; while 14H LPSO was found to occur in other samples annealed over 773K. M04-17 ORAL TUESDAY 17:05-17:20 Two New Ordered Structures in Cu-Sn Alloy Investigated by TEM: X. H. Sang1, L. L. Ye2, K. Du1 and H.Q. Ye1,3; 1Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, 2Microscopy and Microanalysis, Department of Experimental Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden, 3 Electron Microscope Laboratory, Peking University, China. Two new ordered structures have been found by means of electron diffraction, HRTEM, STEM, EDX in Cu-Sn intermetallic compounds, which are generally present at the interfaces between solders and conducting substrates in electronic packaging. One structure is identified as the hexagonal D019 structure with lattice parameters of a = 0.548 nm and c = 0.430 nm, and a space group of P63/mmc with Cu at (1/6, 5/6, 3/4) and Sn at (1/3, 2/3, 1/4); Another new phase should be called as Cu4Sn3 structure with space group R-3, and its lattice parameters are a = b M04-18 = c = 8.86 Å and α = 90.34o. M-03) Surface, Interfaces and Grain Boundaries Organized by Sang Ho Oh Room Samda1 09:20 ~ 11:50, 14:00 ~ 15:30 Chairs: Fu-Rong Chen and Sang Ho Oh 09:20-09:50 Invited Atomic Scale Imaging of Interface Effects in Ferroelectric Thin Films: M.F. Chisholm and H.N. Lee; Division of Cerebral Structure, Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, USA 30 Calculations have shown that superlattices with atomically flat, compositionally abrupt interfaces can modify ferroelectric properties due to strain, changes in bonding and charge compensation at the interfaces. We have shown that it is possible to produce structures hundreds of layers thick using two and three perovskite building blocks. These films were grown using pulsed laser deposition and stoichiometric oxide targets. Our CaTiO3/SrTiO3/BaTiO3 superlattices have exhibited a 50% enhancement in ferroelectric polarization compared with BaTiO3. More recently it has been shown that it is possible to image the local polarization of ferroelectric materials. Here, we show using simultaneous z-contrast/phase contrast imaging in an aberration corrected scanning transmission electron microscope that the cationoxygen distortions in ferroelectric thin films can be quantified at the atomic scale. We will present data showing the extent to which polarization varies at interfaces between ferroelectric oxides and dielectric or metallic oxides. M03-01 09:50-10:05 Oxygen Pressure Dependent Microstructure in Epitaxial BaTiO3-x Thin Films: Y. L. Zhu, S. J. Zheng and X. L. Ma; Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenhua Road 72, 110016, Shenyang, China BaTiO3 thin films are of technical importance due to their potential applications in ferroelectric randomaccess memories and electrooptic devices. In this letter, microstructures of a series of BaTiO3-x thin films prepared by laser molecular beam epitaxy under various oxygen pressure from 2×10-2 to 2×10-5 Pa have been investigated by means of transmission electron microscopy. It is found that the defects in BTO films change, in the order of lowering oxygen pressure, from high density threading dislocations to {111} stacking faults and nanotwins. It is proposed that the formation of the {111} planar defects is to relax the misfit strain in these epitaxial system. M03-02 10:05-10:20 Ostwald Ripening of Coherent and Semi-coherent Particles in Cu-base Binary Alloys: D. Watanabe, C. Watanabe and R. Monzen; Division of Innovative Technology and Science, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan In this study, we investigate the influence of coherency change on the coarsening of Co or g-Fe particles in a Cu-4wt%Co or a Cu-2wt%Fe alloy aged at 773 and 973 K in detail by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electrical resistivity measurements. Application of the Lifshitz-SlyozovWagner (LSW) theory to coarsening data has enabled accurate estimates of the coherent interface energies. M03-03 10:35-10:50 Coffee break 10:50-11:20 Invited Aberration Corrected Imaging an Exit Wave Reconsturction of Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles: A. I. Kirkland; Department of Materials, Parks Road, Oxford, UK Electron-Optical aberration correctors are now firmly established as a key component in many commercial Transmission and Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopes installed around the world. Equally, algorithms that recover the complex specimen 11:20-11:35 Quantitative Image Matching between Experimental and Simulated High-resolution Transmission Electron Micrographs: K. Du,1 F. Phillipp,2 and M. Rühle2; 1Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese, Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China, 2 Max-Planck-Institut für Metallforschung, Stuttgart, Germany The effects of imaging parameters have been studied on their roles of the severe mismatches between experimental and simulated high-resolution transmission electron micrographs of sapphire along the [0-110] direction. Image simulation and convergentbeam electron diffraction techniques have been performed on misalignments of the electron beam and the crystal specimen. Base on this study, we have introduced an approach to achieve reliable simulation for experimental images of sapphire on the [0-110] projection by the use of iterative digital image matching. M03-06 ORAL TUESDAY 10:20-10:35 A Novel Method of Producing AlN Films on Al Metal Substrates: D Kent1, G B Schaffer1, J Drennan2 and T B Sercombe3; 1Division of Materials, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, 2 Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, 3 School of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia In an important development of producing near net shaped aluminium parts, Sercombe and Schaffer reporteda method of infiltrating porous predetermined shapes with molten aluminium. A key step in the process is the formation of AlN coatings on the pre-impregnated parts which promotes wetting and densification. From these observations and a need to understand this process, a means to produce consistent AlN films on aluminium surfaces has been developed. This work revealed a complex growth mechanism that resulted in AlN films growing out from the original metal surface and, with a different mechanism, growing into the bulk of the aluminium part, simultaneously. This is illustrated in figure 1. The quality of the coatings can be well controlled in terms of both the microstructure and coating extent by judicious choice of atmosphere control. Detailed analytical electron microscopy has revealed information about the mechanism of growth. The role of magnesium in the system is crucial and this plays a dual role in controlling the oxygen content of the system and in controlling the surface structure of the native aluminium. The outward growing surface consists of a composite of AlN needles and pure aluminium metal and this important observation provides the key to the growth mechanism. The inward growing layer is directly tied to the formation of defects at the surface that promote nitrogen diffusion. M03-04 exit plane wavefunction from a series of images recorded using one of several possible experimental geometries have also advanced to the point where several commercial software implementations utilizing this approach are readily available. Morphology in nanocrystalline metals and metal oxides is a key feature in determining their fundamental properties and in particular their catalytic activity and selectivity. This paper will discuss the characterisation of morphology with particular reference to surface structure and composition using ultra high resolution Electron Microscopy under aberration corrected conditions. The correlation of this data with high precision modelling to elucidate the effects of catalytic reaction conditions on morphology will also be discussed. M03-05 11:35-11:50 Interfacial Structure in Nbss/Nb5Si3 Composites: L.L. He and G.M. Cheng; Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China Interfacial structure between Nbss and Nb5Si3 has been investigated by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Some misfit dislocations existed at the Nbss/alpha-Nb5Si3 interface in heterophase systems of small lattice parameters difference in the N1 alloy. The interfacial misfit dislocations arranged periodically and one period of the misfit dislocations was about 2.08nm. And we have used the near-coincidence sites lattice theory to investigate the geometrical structure of the interface. Some Nbss precipitates formed in the alpha-Nb5Si3 phase in the 31 N2 alloy. The distribution of alloying elements at the Nbss/alpha-Nb5Si3 interface has also been investigated, and Hf was enriched at the interface. M03-07 11:50-13:00 Lunch 13:00-14:00 Poster Presentation (1st Floor) Chairs: M.F. Chisholm and A.I. Kirkland ORAL TUESDAY 14:00-14:30 Invited STEM Characterization of Grain Boundary Atomic Structures and Segergation Sites: Yuichi Ikuhara1,2,3; 1 Institute of Engineering Innovation, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, 2NanostructuresResearch Laboratory, Japan Fine Ceramic Center, Nagoya, Japan, 3WPI Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan With recent advancements in Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM) yielding resolutions on the scale of 0.1nm, we can now directly observe the impact of impurity doping on the grain boundary atomic structure. Z-contrast images obtained from STEM intrinsically contain chemical information due the acquisition conditions employed, and thus, the location of the dopants can often be determined from the image alone. The atomic structure of the grain boundary is often rather complicated and the use of atomic simulations, such as static lattice calculations and density functional calculations, is required to interpret the experimental results, in order to predict the properties of the structures observed from STEM. In this study, the well-defined grain boundaries in Al2O3 and ZnO bicrystals doped with Y and Pr were observed by using high-angle annular dark field (HAADF)-STEM. Cs-correctd-STEM was used for the present experiments (Cs-corrector attached JEM-2100F, JEOL Co. Ltd.), and the HAADF detector with an inner angle greater than 60 mrad. was used with an probe size about 0.1nm. M03-08 14:30-15:00 Invited Study of the Interface between the Hafnium Based High-K Thin Film and the Si by Spatially Resolved Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy: Quan LI; Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territory, Hong Kong Using electron energy loss spectroscopy performed in a scanning transmission electron microscope, we investigated the structure evolution of the HfO2 thin film in the vicinity of the film/substrate interface. We found that such interface was not atomically 32 sharp even in the case of the as-deposited HfO2, variation in the symmetry of the local atomic coordination was detected for a couple of monolayers. Annealing of the film in the oxygen environment significantly modified its interfacial structure and chemcial composition. In order to improve the interfacial stability of the high-K film on Si, we introduced a third element Al to the HfO2 film during the deposition. The addition of Al did not cause much change in interfacical configuration for the as-deposited film, but effectively reduced/eliminated the interfacial silicon oxide formation during the oxygen annealing process. The effect of Al on high-K film/substrate stabilization is discussed based on the experimental results and theoretical simulations. M03-09 15:00-15:15 Statistical Analysis of Grain Boundary Cracking Using Electron Backscatter Diffraction: S. I. Wright and M. N. Nowell; EDAX-TSL, 392 E 12300 S, Suite H, Draper, UT 84020, USA Electron Backscatter Diffraction is an excellent tool for the statistical study of the crystallography at grain boundaries and its effect on properties. The application of EBSD and novel statistical tools to grain boundary cracking in a nickel based superalloys is described. The results show that the cracking preferentially occurs at grain boundaries along {111} planes as well within grains stepping from one {111} boundary to another. M03-10 15:15-15:30 Investigation of Optical Property and Microstructure of Electroplated Ag for LED Lead Frame: S.Y. Myoung,1 M.Y. Kim,1 H.J. Lee,1 Y.C. Park,1 C.H. Kwak2 and B.K. Kim2; 1Analytical Research Group, Samsung Electro-Mechanics, Suwon, Gyunggi-Do, Korea, 2Lighting module group, Samsung Electro-Mechanics, Suwon, Gyunggi-Do, Korea Leadframe in light emitting diode (LED) packaging is known to play an important role in LED's reflectance and reliability. As we know that the emitted light at LED device distributed all directions and then the light reached the surface of the lead frame as large area in the LED PKG. Therefore, the surface of the leadframe of LED PKG must be total reflected for extracting out of PKG. Since leadframe needs high reflectance at desired wavelength range, silver-plated leadframe has been industrially used. Fig. 1 shows a typical structure of silver-plated ledframe for LED. The structureproperty-process relation of silver-plated leadframe has, however, not been well understood. We investigate the microstructure of silver layer including grain size, surface topography and crystal structure and correlate the structure to its optical property with emphasis on reflectance. Two kinds of silver-plated leadframes ("A" and "B") are prepared by varying electroplating condition. The microstructure is studied by employing scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM), focused ion beam (FIB) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The reflectance is measured using Nanospec by comparing the reflectance of a sample to that of clean Si substrate. M03-11 15:30-15:40 Coffee break Organized by Do Hyang Kim Room Samda1 15:40 ~ 18:10 Chairs: Konno Toyohiko and Do Hyang Kim 15:40-16:10 Invited Structure of a Non-centrosymmetric Decagonal Al64Cu22Co14 Studied by Ultrahigh-resolution STEM: E. Abe and S. Taniguchi; Department of Materials Engineering, University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan Using electron diffraction and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), we describe a structure of the decagonal quasicrystal Al64Cu22Co14 that provides the first example of a highly-perfect decagonal structure that belongs to non-centrosymmetric P-10m2. Details of atomic configurations within the fivefold-symmetric cluster, a structural unit of the present decagonal Al64Cu22Co14, will be discussed using ultrahigh-resolution Z-contrast STEM equipped with the aberration-corrector for the objective lens, which has clearly revealed both the Al and Cu/Co sites at resolution close to 1Å. M07-01 16:10-16:25 Structural Transition of Carbon Nanoparticles Caused by Energetic Collisions: Fengqi Song1, Nigel marks2, Min Han1, Zongwen Liu3, Jianguo Wan1 and Guanghou Wang1; 1National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, P. R. China, 2Dept of Physics, the University of Sydney, Australia, 3Electron Microscope Unit, the University of Sydney, Australia The basic interest in the process of the energetic deposition of flying nanoparticles led to a new chance, which lies in the medium energy region when the nanoparticles keep their integrity and have 16:25-16:40 Structural Relaxation in Amorphous SiC Studied by in situ Transmission Electron Microscopy: M. Ishimaru,1 A. Hirata,1 M. Naito,1 I.-T. Bae,2 Y. Zhang2 and W.J. Weber2; 1Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan, 2 Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Washington 99352, USA Thermally induced structural relaxation in amorphous silicon carbide (SiC) has been examined by means of in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The amorphous SiC was prepared by high-energy ionbeam-irradiation into a single crystalline 4H-SiC substrate. Cross-sectional TEM observations and electron energy-loss spectroscopy measurements revealed that thermal annealing induces a remarkable volume reduction, so-called densification, of amorphous SiC. From radial distribution function analyses using electron diffraction, notable changes associated with structural relaxation were observed in chemical short-range order. On the basis of the alteration of chemical short-range order, we discussed the origin of thermally induced densification in amorphous SiC. M07-03 ORAL TUESDAY M-07) Amorphous Materials and Quasicrystals to respond to the energetic shock from the collisions. We here report our experimental results on the structural transition of the carbon nanoparticles that is caused by such energetic collisions. The energydependent curve formed a line in the kinetic energysp3 ratio-size phase diagram of nanocarbons. The nanoparticles were found to transform towards both graphite-like and diamond-like directions after the collisions. The rise of the sp3 ratio was discovered as a special effect for the first time. MD simulation confirmed the process. M07-02 16:40-16:55 Formation Process of χ-FeCrMo Structure in Fe-Cr-Mo-C-B-Tm Metallic Glass: Akihiko Hirata1, Yoshihiko Hirotsu1, Kenji Amiya2 and Akihisa Inoue2; 1 Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan, 2Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan Crystallization process of FeCrMoCBTm metallic glass was investigated by means of transmission electron microscopy. During the process, we found two complex intermetallic compounds (χ-FeCrMo and M23C6) including coordination polyhedra. In the initial stage of χ-FeCrMo formation, non- crystalline diffraction patterns with psuedo 10- and 12-fold symmetry, which are related to symmetry of coordination polyhedra, were observed using a nanobeam diffraction method. This means that χ-FeCrMo probably forms through rearrangements of the coordination polyhedra. M07-04 33 Chairs: Eiji Abe and Ki Buem Kim ORAL TUESDAY 16:55-17:25 Invited Interface between Quasicrystal and Crystalline Matrix in Al- and Mg-based Alloys: D.H. Kim, H.J. Chang and J.Y. Lee; Center for Noncrystalline Materials, Dept. of Metallurgical Eng. Yonsei Univ., Seoul, 120-749, Korea It has been shown that stable quasicrystal forms in Al-Mn-Be and Mg-Zn-Y system. In particular, two phase microstructure of quasicrystal and crystalline matrix forms directly from the melt during solidification, indicating a potential role of quasicrystals as a strengthening phase in the Al- and Mg-based crystalline matrix. In the case of Al-Mn-Be alloy, the icosahedral phase has an orientation relationship with crystalline matrix, i.e. two-fold axis of icosahedral phase is parallel to [001] zone axis of fcc Al matrix. In the case of Mg-Zn-Y alloy, two-fold axis of icosahedral phase is parallel to [0001] zone axis of hcp Mg matrix with a certain degree of misorientation. Interestingly, these alloys exhibit a good combination of strength and ductility. In the present study, the enhanced properties have been discussed in terms of interface structure between quasicrystal and crystalline matrix with low interfacial energy. M07-05 17:25-17:40 Microscopic Deformation Mechanism of a Ti66.1Nb13.9Ni4.8Cu8Sn7.2 Nanostructure-dendrite Composite: K.B. Kim1*, J. Das2 and J. Eckert2; 1Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-747, Korea, 2IFW Dresden, Institut für Metallische Werkstoffe, Postfach 270016, D-01171 Dresden, Germany Systematic investigations on the microstructural changes upon compression have been performed in order to elucidate the microscopic deformation mechanisms of the high strength and ductile Ti66.1Nb13.9Ni4.8Cu8Sn7.2 nanostructure-dendrite composite. After 8% deformation, a rotation of β-Ti dendrites is observed during the interaction of slip and shear bands. This rotation leads to the formation of new slip bands in the dendrites. The β-Ti dendrites locally transform into a ω-phase during the interaction between the newly and the previously formed slip bands. The rotation of the dendrites causes local volume changes at the interfacial areas between the dendrites and the matrix, consisting of a mixture of hcp α-Ti and bct Ti2Cu phases. This induces a rotational stress into the nanostructured matrix. After further deformation up to 25%, the shear bands penetrate the dendrite/matrix interfaces, producing extra interfaces. The nanostructured matrix exhibits a sandwiched microstructure in order to effectively accommodate the shear strains. These results suggest 34 that structural coherency of the dendrite/matrix interfaces is important for controlling both the strength and the ductility of the nanostructure-dendrite composite. M07-06 17:40-17:55 Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Bulk Metallic Glass Composites: J.K. Lee1 and D.H. Kim2; 1Advanced Materials Division, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Incheon, 406-840, Korea, 2Center for Noncrystalline Materials, Dept. of Metallurgical Eng., Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, Korea In this study, we report the microstructure and mechanical properties of two types of BMG composites fabricated by partial devitrification and consolidation processes. The characterization of interface between the matrix and reinforced phase in the BMG composites also will be presented. Thermal properties of the composite samples were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffracttometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Uniaxial compression tests were conducted at room temperature at a constant cross head speed of an initial strain rate of 1×10-4s-1. M07-07 17:55-18:25 Invited Heterogeneous Nature of Zr50Cu40Al10 Bulk Metallic: K. Sato1, T. Kiguchi1, T.J. Konno1, Y. Yokoyama1, T. Sato1, A. Ishii2 and F. Hori2; 1Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, Japan, 2Department of Materials Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka, Japan We report a heterogeneous nature of Zr-Cu-Al bulk metallic glass, as observed by TEM and STEM. The change in the heterogeniety is discussed in terms of the free volume changes, as observed by positron annihilation and differential calorimetry. The time evolution of the heterogeniety of relaxed specimens is also addressed. M07-08 L-02) Cellular Electron Tomography Organized by Sung Sik Han, Brad Marsh and Keiichi Namba Room 301 09:20 ~ 12:00 Chairs: Sung Sik Han, Brad Marsh and Keiichi Namba 09:20-09:50 Invited Multi-resolution Spatio-temporal Analysis of 09:50-10:20 Invited Molecular Mechanism of Self-assembly and Its Regulation of the Bacterial Flagellum: K. Namba; Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Japan The bacterial flagellum is made of a rotary motor and a long helical filament by means of which bacteria swim. The axial structure of the flagellum is constructed by self-assembly of proteins translocated from the cytoplasm to the distal end of the growing flagellum through its central narrow channel. The axial proteins are exported by the flagellar type III protein export apparatus, for which proton motive force and ATP hydrolysis play distinct roles. The structures of different parts of the flagellum revealed by electron cryomicroscopy and X-ray crystallography will be presented and the assembly regulation mechanisms will be discussed. L02-02 10:20-10:50 Invited Electron Tomography Characterization of cis-Golgi Assembly and Polysaccharide Biosynthesis in the Arabidopsis Golgi Stacks: Byung-Ho Kang, Sebastian Bednarek, Colleen McMichael and L. Andrew Staehelin; University of Florida, USA Plant Golgi stacks consist of 5~7 cisternae that are classified into cis, medial, and trans based on their positions and morphological features. We have performed structural characterization of Golgi stacks in high-pressure frozen and freeze-substituted Arabidopsis root meristem cells by electron tomography and immuno-electron tomography. Our tomography analysis revealed that assembly of Golgi cisternae by COPII vesicle fusion and Golgi-to-ER recycling take places in the cis-Golgi while cell wall polysccharide synthesis and N-glycan modification initiate from medial Golgi cisternae. These observations indicate that Arabidopsis cis-Golgi cisternae play roles similar to those of the ER-Golgi intermediate compartment of mammalian cells. L02-03 10:50-11:00 Coffee break 11:00-11:20 Electron Tomographic Analysis of Mitochondrial Crista Topology; Function-linked Morphological Change: Ji Young Mun1, Tae Hoon Lee2, Hyeon Sook Koo2 and Sung Sik Han1; 1School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea, 2 Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea Cristae of the mitochondrial inner membrane were once viewed simply as a barrier that separated the mitochondria into the inner matrix and intermembrane (IMS). In many types of eukaryotic cells, crisate of mitochondria has a tubular shape. However it is not clear that the mechanism by which cristae morphology is established and maintained. The dynamic structure of cristae plays a role in mitochondrial functions. In the last 10 years, the technique of electron tomography (ET) emLoying high voltage electron microscopes and rapid freezing fixation methods has revealed new information about mitochondrial membrane structure. To study the mechanism about morphological change of mitochondrial membrane, we reconstructed 3-dimensional structure of mitochondria having disorder in mitochondrial protein. L02-04 ORAL TUESDAY Mammalian Cells Reconstructed in Toto in 3D by Electron Tomography (ET): Brad J. Marsh1,2,3,4; 1 Institute for Molecular Bioscience, 2ARC Centre of Excellence in Bioinformatics, 3Centre for Microscopy & Microanalysis and 4School of Molecular & Microbial Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia To map structure-function changes in the cellular machinery residing within the beta cells of the pancreas as they produce and release the hormone insulin in response to different physiological demands, we combine fast-freezing/freeze-substitution with electron microscope tomography (ET) to conduct comparative structure-function studies of pancreatic cells and tissue isolated from mice and humans. To complement numerous high (≤5nm) resolution tomograms of the Golgi region in beta cells, we have pioneered two separate approaches for imaging and reconstructing mammalian (beta) cells in their entirety in 3D at the EM level. L02-01 11:20-11:40 Electron Tomography Shows the Three Dimensional Actin Filament Architecture of Microvilli and Terminal Web of Rat Absorptive Epithelial Cells: K. Ohta,1 A. Sawaguchi2, R. Higashi3 and K. Nakamura1; 1 Division of Microscopic and Developmental Anatomy, Departmentof Anatomy, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan, 2Department of Anatomy, Ultrastructural Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Japan, 3 Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan The 3D architecture of the actin filament network in microvilli and the terminal web of rat intestinal absorptive epithelium were visualized by electron tomography. Specimens were prepared by rapidfreezing and chemical fixation. Tilting image series of ultrathin and semi-thin sections were acquired by trans- mission electron microscope, respectively. In rapid freezing, known actin filament structural 35 properties were extracted from reconstruction data. The reconstruction of the actin bundle within the microvilli showed that the bundle contained some branching and irregular arrays of the filaments. Electron tomography showed the complete actin filament architecture of the bundle- terminal web connection. L02-05 ORAL TUESDAY 11:40-12:00 Electron Tomography of Chlamydia Trachomatis at Different Developmental Stages: Zeng-wei Huang1, Kunpeng Li1, Jiande Han2, Mukai Chen2 and Qin-Fen Zhang1†; 1State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol,School of Life Sciences,Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China, 2The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China This study is about Electron tomography of Chlamydia trachomatis at different developmental stages. Interestingly, several rod-like connections between outer membrane and plasma membrane exist, but neither in tomographic reconstructions nor in conventional transmission EM have the formerly reported cylindrical projections radiate from the outer membrane been found. So it seems that the part of projection which protrudes out of the outer membrane is truncated, only leaving the stubs in the periplasmic space. We tend to believe that projections of Chlamydia trachomatis differ between variants of the same species and the clinical strain of Chlamydia trachomatis in this case, unlike other strains, possesses truncated projections. Now that integrated projection is not indispensable for survival, thus we hold the perspective that projection once facilitated attaching to the host cell and entry at the beginning of evolution, but now plays a trivial role during parasitical life cycle. L02-06 Chairs: Su-Ja Oh, Se Jin Hwang and Stephen C. Massey 14:30-15:00 Invited In Vivo Imaging Using Two Photon Microscopy: Yong Jeong; Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Korea Two photon microscopy is a laser scanning microscopy with long wavelength multi-photon fluorescence excitation to capture high-resolution, three-dimensional images of specimens tagged with highly specific fluorophores. Two-photon excitation, which occurs only at the focal point of the microscope, minimizes the photobleaching and photodamage that are the ultimate limiting factors in imaging live cells and tissues. This advantage allows investigations on thick living tissue specimens like tissue slices or in in vivo situation and also on long-term temporal changes that would not otherwise be possible with conventional imaging techniques. In this talk, application of two-photon system in in vivo system especially in nervous system will be introduced. L12-02 14:00-14:30 Invited Confocal Analysis of Neuronal Coupling in the Retina: Stephen C. Massey; Department of Ophthalmology and visual Science, University of Texas at Houston, U.S.A. The mammalian retina is a layered structure with 6 major cell types comprising a total of approximately 15:00-15:30 Invited Role of Neuroglycan C, a Brain-specific Proteoglycan, in Neuronal Development: Y. Tokita1, S. Aono1, F. Matsui1 and A. Oohira2; 1Department of Perinatology and Neuroglycoscience, Institute for L-12) Confocal Microscopy in Neurobiology Organized by Su-Ja Oh, Se Jin Hwang and Stephen C. Massey Room 301 14:00 ~ 16:00 36 60 different neurons. Photoreceptors, rods and cones, are located in the outer nuclear layer and there are separate rod and cone pathways through the retina for dark or light adapted conditions. The inner nuclear layer contains horizontal cells, bipolar cells and amcrine cells. Finally, the ganglion cell layer contains ganglion cells, the output neurons of the retina. We have used multi-channel confocal microscopy to view neuronal connections and the distribution of gap junctions in the retina. Many retinal cell types are electrically couLed by gap junctions, which are abundant in the retina. Gap junctions form essential pathways in some circuits and they are responsible for signal averaging in others. Gap junctions are composed from connexins and at least four different neuronal connexins have been found in the retina. Different cell types are couLed via specific connexins with distinct properties. Cones are coupled via Cx36 gap junctions, thought to improve the signal-to-noise ratio, while rod-to-cone coupling provides an alternative pathway for intermediate light intensities. Horizontal cells are very well coupled by Cx50 or Cx57 and provide spatial averaging over a wide area. In the inner retina, the AII amacrine cell network is coupled via Cx36 gap junctions to provide signal averaging in the rod pathways. In general, the prevalence of gap junctions in the retina may occur because signal averaging and noise reduction are important strategies in the early steps of visual processing. L12-01 15:30-15:45 Confocal Microscopic Study of Dopaminergic Amacrine Cell in the Rabbit Retina: I.-B. Kim,1 A.V. Barrero,2 J. Cha,1 S.A. Kim,1 J.H. Jeon,1 M.-H. Chun1 and S.C. Massey2; 1Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea, 2Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, USA We have characterized dopaminergic amacrine (DA) cells of the rabbit retina and analysed their synaptic connections, by using double- and triplelabeling immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy. Our results confirm that DA cells have great influence on AII amacrine cells and propose that lobular appendages of AII amacrines may have at least two different circuits, meaning that maybe a circuit at stratum 1 of the IL is modulated by dopamine, while the other at stratum 2 is influenced by still an unknown neuroactive substance. In addition, DA cells of the rabbit retina do not use GABA as a neurotransmitter, unlike other mammals. L12-04 15:45-16:00 FRMD4A Regulates the Permissivity of Glioblastoma-cells towards West Nile Virus Infection: Pang Junxiong, Vincent1 and Ng Mah Lee1; 1 Flavivirology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne single-stranded RNA flavivirus, which has caused large epidemics in North America recently. Though human infection is usually asymptomatic, lifethreatening neurological disease, including encephalitis, can ensue in immunocompromised. Despite advances in WNV research, specific drug therapies have yet been approved for use in human. Here, we show FRMD4A, a FERM domain containing protein that mediates intermolecular interactions is likely to regulate the permissivity of A172 cells towards delaying WNV infection with the assistance of confocal microscopy. This study would provide a good starting point for future drug discovery work to reduce neurological diseases. L12-05 16:00-16:20 Coffee break L-14) Laser Optics for Biology and Nano-Biotechnology Organized by Kwon-Soo Ha Room 301 16:20 ~ 18:00 ORAL TUESDAY Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, Kasugai, and 2Research Complex for the Medicine Frontiers, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan Neuroglycan C (NGC) is a transmembrane chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan isolated from the developing brain. NGC is concentrated in dendritic spines on neurons. Analysis of NGC knockout mice revealed an increase of spine density on hippocampal neurons and a deficit in spatial memory. Then, to clarify the role of NGC in neuronal development, we investigated the effect of a polyclonal antibody against NGC on the morphology of cultured neurons. Hippocampal neurons treated with the antibody are characterized by an abnormal shape of spines and less branched dendritic arbors. These findings suggest that NGC Lays a pivotal role in neuronal development. L12-03 Chair: Kwon-Soo Ha 16:20-16:50 Invited Correlative Light and Electron Microscopy for Observing Molecular Dynamics in Living Cells: Yasushi Hiraoka, Takako Koujin, Tomoko Kojidani, Hiroko Osakada, Shohei Kobayashi, Masaaki Iwamoto, Fumihide Bunai, Haruhiko Asakawa, Yuji Chikashige and Tokuko Haraguchi; Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan, Kobe Advanced ICT Research Center, NICT, Kobe, Japan Fluorescence microscopy is a powerful tool for observing dynamic changes of molecular localization in living cells. However, its spatial resolution is relatively low; in addition, fluorescence microscopy can visualize only fluorescently-labeled molecules. On the other hand, electron microscopy (EM) provides information of cell structures in high resolution although it cannot provide temporal information in living cells, and is not easy to obtain molecular specificity in imaging. To achieve molecular selectivity in imaging at high resolution in the context of an entire cell not only for fluorescently-labeled molecules, we have developed a method of EM imaging combined with live-cell fluorescence imaging. In this method, living cells are first observed by fluore- scence microscope, and then exactly the same cells are fixed in situ during live observation, and subjected to EM. This simple yet powerful method provides an opportunity to combine the temporal and spatial information of specific molecules in high resolution. We designated this method live correlative light and electron microscopy (live CLEM). Here we will present an example of live CLEM in several cell types including yeasts to humans. L14-01 37 ORAL TUESDAY 16:50-17:15 Invited Nanoparticles for Bioapplications: Quantum Dot Imaging and Metal Nanoparticle Cancer Therapies: Sungjee Kim; Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea Quantum dots (QDs) can be used for a platform technology of bio-imaging applications, taking advantage of their optical properties. We develop II-VI and III-V semiconductor quantum dot systems in conjunction with a family of modified Dihydrolipoic acids to meet the diverse demands of QDs for biological applications. We also synthesize near-infrared(NIR) emitting QDs, and have successfully endocytosized them into cancer cells in high loading concentrations so as the QDs could be long-term trafficked in vivo by house-built real-time in vivo multiplexed imaging station. We synthesize ‘smart’ gold nanoparticles. They are stable at neutral or basic environment, however their surface molecules are designed to change their charges abruptly at a pH lower than 7.0. L14-02 17:15-17:40 Invited Dissecting Signaling Networks by Cell Imaging and Fluorescent Signaling Proteins and Protein Domains: Won Do Heo; Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, KAIST Signaling networks in mammalian cells are built from thousands of signaling proteins that carry out a variety of cellular tasks including development, proliferation, migration, and transformation. In this talk, I will present our major research efforts in three parts: studies on signaling networks using (i) ~1,000 signaling proteins, (ii) ~1,000 signaling domains, and (iii) dicer-generated RNAi pools against 2,304 human signaling proteins. L14-03 17:40-18:00 Invited Ultrastructural Imaging of Cells: Beyond Confocal Microscopy: Kwon-Soo Ha; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chunchen, Korea For a couple of decades, confocal microscopy has served as a key technology for 3-dimentional imaging of cells and tissues, and for real-time imaging of proteins and second messengers for cellular signaling. However, because of limitation of confocal microscopy in resolution, new approaches for imaging at higher resolution have been introduced. One of them is atomic force microscopy, which is an emerging technique for imaging molecular interactions and cells at subnanometer resolution; however, this method is not popular for cell imaging because it is limited to analysis of surface topology. In this study, we demonstrate new approaches for ultrastructural 38 imaging of microfilaments at the molecular level. We investigated changes of cytoskeletons by confocal microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Extracellular ultrathin fibers formed by PDT were subjected to analysis with ‘tandem imaging of microfilaments’ based on confocal microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The ultrathin fibers were identified as microfilaments by on-stage labeling-imaging using atomic force microscopy. Furthermore, we revealed by ultra structural imaging that microfilaments have a stranded helical structure. Thus, these new approaches for ultrastructural imaging of microfilaments may provide a breakthrough to overcome the limitation of fluorescence-based microscopy. L14-04 L-08) Synapses and Synaptic Plasticity Organized by Ryuichi Shigemoto, Yong Chul Bae and Im Joo Rhyu Room 302 09:20 ~ 10:50 Chairs: Ryuichi Shigemoto, Yong Chul Bae and Im Joo Rhyu 09:20-09:50 Invited Memory Traces in Short- and Long-term Cerebellar Motor Learning: Ryuichi Shigemoto; Division of Cerebral Structure, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan Neurons communicate with each other at the synapse. Elucidation of synaptic organization of specific types of primary afferents, related receptors and neurotransmitters may shed light on how the sensory information is processed at the 1st relay nucleus. We have investigated synaptic organization of various primary afferents including lowthreshold mechanoreceptive afferent, tooth pulp afferent, nociceptive markers expressing afferents in each trigeminal sensory nuclei (TSN) through neural tracing methods, preembedding immunocytochemistry and reconstruction of boutons with serial ultrathin sections. In addition, we have also investigated neurotransmitters in the axoaxonic synapse responsible for presynaptic modulation and ultrastructural parameters related to synaptic release through postembedding immunocytochemistry and morphometric analysis with image analyzing program. L08-01 09:50-10:20 Invited Orofacial Somatosensory Processing in the Brain Stem-synaptic Organization of Primary Afferents in the Trigeminal Sensory Nuclei: Bae Yong Chul; Dept. of Oral Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of 10:20-10:50 Invited Cerebellar Plasticity in Physiologic and Pathologic Conditions: Im Joo Rhyu; Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea Plant Golgi stacks consist of 5~7 cisternae that are classified into cis, medial, and trans based on their positions and morphological features. We have performed structural characterization of Golgi stacks in high-pressure frozen and freeze-substituted Arabidopsis root meristem cells by electron tomography and immuno-electron tomography. Our tomography analysis revealed that assembly of Golgi cisternae by COPII vesicle fusion and Golgi-to-ER recycling take places in the cis-Golgi while cell wall polysccharide synthesis and N-glycan modification initiate from medial Golgi cisternae. These observations indicate that Arabidopsis cis-Golgi cisternae play roles similar to those of the ER-Golgi intermediate compartment of mammalian cells. L08-03 10:50-11:00 Coffee break L-06) Cells and Tissues Structures Organized by Eun Soo Kim, Byung-Kap Jeong and Toru Noda Room 302 11:00 ~ 12:00, 14:00 ~ 15:15 Chairs: Eun Soo Kim, Byung-Kap Jeong, Jae-Hyun Lee, Byoung Soo Chang, In Sun Kim and Toru Noda 11:00-11:30 Invited The Structures Revealed by Zinc Iodide Osmium (ZIO) Staining Method and Zinc Metabolism: Toru Noda; Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Aino University, Higashi Ohda, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan Application of classical histochemical method, zinc iodide osmium (ZIO) staining to light microscopy and (high voltage) electron microscopy is reviewed and possible interpretation of ZIO-positive structures is discussed based on recent evidences of zinc metabolism. L06-01 11:30-11:45 Close To Silent Chromatin: A Metabolite Involved SIR-Nucleosome Filament: Gunn-Guang Liou1 and Danesh Moazed2; 1Division of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan, ROC, 2Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA In budding yeast, Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, the Sir2, Sir3 and Sir4 proteins mediate silencing at silent mating type loci (HML and HMR), the telomeric DNA regions. The assembly of silent chromatin is required histone deacetylation by Sir2, then subsequent interaction of Sir3 and Sir4 with this hypoacetylated histone region of chromatin, and finally recruitment of more SIR complex along the chromosome fiber to form the silent chromatin structure (1). Sir2 couples substrate deacetylation and NAD hydrolysis to the synthesis of a metabolite, O-acetyl-ADP-ribose (AAR). However, the functional significance of AAR in vivo is still not fully clearly. We provided evidence to show that AAR, together with a deacetylated histone H4 amino terminal peptide, promotes the association of multiple copies of Sir3 with Sir2/Sir4 and induces a dramatic conformational change in the SIR complex (Figure 1) that is., AAR directly involved in modulating SIR complex assembly in vitro (2). We also found AAR binds to both Sir2 and Sir3. But the C-terminal of Sir3 fragment, containing an AAA ATPase-like domain, does not sufficiently to bind to AAR. Moreover, we had developed a chromatin affinity precipitation strategy to demonstrate that AAR is Sir proteins dependent association with heterochromatin in vivo. Furthermore, we examined the association of SIR complexes with yeast chromatin fragments by using a partially purified system containing nucleosomes, the three Sir proteins, and NAD. We observed the formation of SIR-nucleosome filaments with a diameter of less than 20 nm (Figure 2). The formation of these filaments displays requirements that closely mirror those observed for the formation of silent chromatin in vivo (3). These results were implied that AAR contributes to the formation of a stable chromatin bound SIR complex and provides an additional level of stringency for silent heterochromatin formation. L06-02 ORAL TUESDAY Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea Short- and long-term memory is believed to be encoded by modifications in synaptic strength. Morphological substrates for the modification, however, have not been well demonstrated in vivo. We used a simple, cerebellar motor learning task, horizontal optokinetic response (HOKR), to study the link between learning and underlying changes in synapses and synaptic AMPA-type glutamate receptors. To investigate learning-dependent changes in synaptic AMPA receptors, we used SDS-digested freezefracture replica labeling. The results suggest that memory traces for short-and long-term memory are differently formed in the cerebellar motor learning. Synapses which underwent long-term depression may be eliminated in the course of consolidation process of the memory. L08-02 39 ORAL TUESDAY 11:45-12:00 Morphology and Ultrastructure of Blood Cells in Jungle Cats (Felis chaus): J. Salakij,1 C. Salakij,1 N.-A. Narkkong2, S. Kamolnorranath3 and P. Suthunmapinuntra3; 1Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kamphaengsaen, Nakorn Pathom, Thailand, 2Central Instrumentation Units, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakarm University, Maha Sarakarm, Thailand, 3Dusit Zoo, Dusit, Bangkok, Thailand The jungle cats (Felis chaus) are relative longlegged, medium-sized cats (4-6kg) and found from Middle East through much of Asia to mainland Southeast Asia north of peninsular Thailand. Blood samples from 4 adult jungle cats (2 males and 2 females) in Khaokeaw Open Zoo were collected from cephalic vein. Light microscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy were done using standard methods. The morphology and ultrastructure of red blood cells, platelets, neutrophils, lymphocytes and monocytes were not different from those of other casts. The most blood cell morphology was similar to thoseof flat-headed cats but the ultrastructure of eosinophils and basophils were different from another wild cat in South-east Asia. These results provide more information on morphology and ultrastructural features of blood cells in jungle casts. L06-03 12:00-13:00 Lunch microplicae, endothelium and collagen distribution. In conclusion, primate corneal epithelium responds rapidly to the OK treatment with significant epithelial cell shape alterations. Keywords: orthokeratology, cornea, epithelium, primates, microstructures. L06-04 14:15-14:30 Ultrastructural and Morphometric Study of the Effects of GLP-1 on the Lung in OLETF Rats: TANG Xiu-ying,1 WANG Yu2 and GUO Xiao-hui2; 1 Department of Electron Microscopy, Peking University First Medical School, Beijing, China, 2 Department of Endocrinology, Peking University First Medical School, China To study the changes of alveolar capillary basal lamina (BL) and evaluate the effect of GLP-1 in OLETF rat, a model of spontaneous development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. OLETF, GLP-1-treated OLETF/G, and control LETO rats were experimented. The ultrastructure and BL thickness were examined by electron microscopy and morphometry methods. The BLs were thicker in OLETF rats than in LETO rats (P<0.01) and thinner in OLETF/G rats than in OLETF rats (P<0.01). Our studies suggest that the alveolar capillary BL thickening is an ultrastructural characteristic and GLP-1 intervention may decrease the lung damage in OLETF rats. KEYWORDS Diabetes mellitus, type 2, alveolar capillary, Ultrastructure, Morphometry. L06-05 13:00-14:00 Poster Presentation (1st Floor) 14:00-14:15 Histological Changes during Corneal Reshaping with Overnight Orthokeratology: A.L. Azian1, P.S. Cheah2, B. Mohd-Ali3, M. Myint1 and N. Mohidin3 1 Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 2Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia, 3Department of Optometry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Orthokeratology (OK) utilizes rigid reversegeometry lenses to reshape the myopic cornea and thus, reduce myopia. This study investigates the impact of OK lenses on the corneal tissue. Nine primates were used whereby one served as negative control, and another eight were given OK treatment for 4, 8, 16 or 24 hours. Histological studies in both the control and treated corneas revealed that corneal epithelium maintained 7 to 8 layers. OK treatment did not influence the microstructures of microvilli, 40 14:30-14:45 Anatomical Characterization of the Oil Cells and Oil Cavities in the Fruits and Seeds of Jatropha curcas L.: Milarosa L. Librea1, Vivian S. Tolentino2, Lorelle C. Trinidad3 and Vivian A. Panes4; 1Science Area, Ateneo de Manila University, High School Department, Loyola Heights, Quezon City, Philippines, 2Department of Biology, Ateneo de Manila University, Loyola Heights, Quezon City, Philippines, 3 BIOTECH, University of the Philippines, LosBaños, Laguna, Philippines, 4Department of Biology, Ateneo de Manila University, Loyola Heights, Quezon City, Philippines This study aims to identify, characterize, and deter mine the distribution of oil cells in the fruits and seed sof Jatropha curcas at different developmental stages obtained from Quezon City and Talisay, Batangas.Li ghtmicroscopic observations revealed thick walled sp hericaloil cells, with an oil filled sac and oil cavities s urroundedby secretory epithelial cells. The thick-wall ed oil cellis evident both in the Transmission and Sca nning ElectronMicroscopy. Generally, oil cell count was found higher in the seeds from both locations. T hese findings provide potent information on the maxi mum use of J. curcas as source of alternative energy sources. L06-06 15:00-15:15 The Foliar Trichomes of the Medicinal Plant Tetradenia riparia (Hochst.) Codd: Y. Naidoo1, S. Gairola1, T. Hiralal1 and A. Nicholas1; 1School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu–Natal, Durban, South Africa The morphology and distribution of leaf trichomes of Tetradenia riparia was studied using light and scanning microscopy. Three morphologically distinct types of trichomes were observed on T. riparia leaf surfaces: glandular capitate (short and long stalked), peltate and non-glandular. The glandular and nonglandular trichomes were present in abundance on both the adaxial and abaxial surfaces. Young leaves are densely covered with trichomes, however, the density of trichomes decreases progressively with leaf maturity. This suggests that the trichomes are established early in leaf differentiation and their density decreases with leaf development and age. L06-08 15:15-15:40 Coffee break L-05) Immunocytochemistry and Histochemistry Organized by Soo Jin Kim, Jin-Woong Jeong and Hee Chol Kang Room 302 15:40 ~ 17:40 Chairs: Soo Jin Kim, Jin-Woong Jeong, Dong-Heui Kim and Hee Chol Kang 15:40-16:10 Invited Fluorescence Applications in Immunocytochemistry and Histochemistry: Hee Chol Kang; Invitrogen Corporation, 29851 Willow Creek Road, Eugene, Oregon, USA In the past decade, the power of fluorescence imaging has been a key to discovery efforts, such as genomics, proteomics and cell biology with the development of improved fluorescent probes in conjunction with advancements in instrumentation and data analysis. Our recent efforts to develop fluorophores including small organic dyes and quantum dots will be first presented. The narrow emission profile of quantum dot provides multispectral analysis capability using a single excitation source. In particular, the high photostability of quantum dots allows long term cell tracking, and their size and shape permits correlated electron microscopy. Then, our recently developed novel cellular detection method based on click chemistry will be introduced to overcome the disadvantages of antibody or direct labeling methods. Click-iT EdU assay will be demonstrated as a novel replacement for antibody based BrdU assay for the detection of cell proliferation. Some of the key advantages of this new labeling and detection method include high sensitivity, low background, high specificity and conveniences of its speed and mild conditions that permit multiplexed analysis in both cells and tissues with antibody or other detection methods. L05-01 ORAL TUESDAY 14:45-15:00 Histochemical and Anatomical Characterization of Oil Cells in Seeds of Pongamia pinnata (L.) Merr: Vivian S. Tolentino1, Emmanuel M. Espineda1, Wendel T. Marcelo1, Vivian A. Panes1, Evelyn E. De Guzman1 and Milarosa Librea2; 1Department of Biology, Ateneo De Manila University, SOSE, Loyola Heights, Quezon City, Philippines, 2Science Area, Ateneo De Manila High School The anatomical and histochemical investigation of oil cells in seeds of Pongamia pinnata (L.) Merr., at different developmental stages revealed presence of idioblastic cells in mature seeds. Test with Nile blue sulphate and Sudan stains proved positive for neutral lipids. This study will be helpful in the efficient extraction of oil, leading to cost and time reduction. Furthermore, the identification of oil cells is important in extracting and isolating intact oil cells for further studies of their molecular and biochemical aspects, and to harness their medicinal apLications such as effective delivery system for vaccines. Keywords: idioblastic cells, Pongamia pinnata, oil cell, Sudan stain, Nile Blue sulphate. L06-07 16:10-16:25 Electron Microscopic Radioautographic Studies on Mitochondrial Nucleic Acid and Protein Synthesisin Various Vertebrate Cells: T. Nagata; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto and Department of Anatomy, Shinshu Institute of alternative Medicine and Welfare, Nagano, Japan Macromolecular synthesis such as nucleic acids and proteins in nuclei and cell bodies of various kinds of cells in various organs of experimental animals has been extensively studied for many years by both biochemical and morphological approaches. Among these studies, intramitochondrial nucleic acid synthesis, both DNA and RNA, in mammalian and avian cells were first demonstrated by myself by means of electron microscopic radioautography in the liver cells and kidney cells in vitro. Since then, nucleic acids and protein syntheses in the mitochondria of various cells were demonstrated in various organs such as the salivary gland, liver, pancreas, trachea, lung, testis, uterus, adrenal gland, brain and eye of chickens and mice in vivo during these 40 years. We 41 ORAL TUESDAY have recently concentrated to study the relationship of the intramitochondrial nucleic acids and protein syntheses to the aging of individual animals. We have studied many groups of aging mice, each consisting of 3 individuals, from fetal day 19 to postnatal day 1, 3, 9, 14, and month 1, 2, 6, 12 and 24 (2 years), injected intraperitoneally with 3H-thymidine (DNA precursor), 3H-uridine (RNA precursor), or 3H-leucine (protein precursor), respectively, and the tissues from several organs such as the livers, the pancreases, the lungs and the adrenal glands were taken out and processed for light and electron microscopic radioautography. From the results, it was demonstrated that some hepatocyte mitochondria were labeled with silver grains due to DNA, RNA, protein syntheses and the numbers of mitochondria, the numbers of labeled mitochondria and the labeling indices of mitochondrial DNA, RNA and protein syntheses at various ages from embryonic day 19 to postnatal day 1, 3, 9, 14 and month 1, 2, 6, 12 and 24 increased and decreased due to development and aging of mice. It was also demonstrated that the numbers of mitochondria, the numbers of labeled mitochondria and the labeling indices of mitochondrial DNA, RNA and protein syntheses in adrenal cortical cells as well as in pulmonary cells and pancreatic acinar cells of mice at various ages from embryonic day 19 to postnatal day 1, 2, month 12 increased and decreased due to development and aging of animals. It is concluded that nucleic acids both DNA and RNA and protein synthesis showing incorporations of 3H-thymidine, 3H-uridine and 3H-leucine were demonstrated in the nuclei and mitochondria of hepatocytes of the livers, adrenocortical cells of the adrenal glands, pulmonary cells of the lungs of mice at various ages from fetal to postnatal newborn, juvenile, young, adult and senescence. The numbers of mitochondria per cell, the numbers of labeled mitochondria and the labeling indices of hepatocytes, adreno-cortical cells and pulmonary cells changed due to aging, increases and decreases, independent from the nuclei. The results indicate that the mitochondria in respective cell types of these organs synthesize DNA, RNA and proteins by themselves increasing their numbers per cell with the aging of the individual animals independent of the nuclei. L05-02 16:25-16:40 Three-dimensional Organization of the Biosynthetic and Secretory Machinery in the Plant Golgi Apparatus Revealed by Immuno-electron Tomography: Byung-Ho Kang1,2, Mary Preuss3, Colleen McMichael4, Donna Williams1, Sebastian Bednarek4, David Mastronarde2, Erik Nielsen3,5 and L. Andrew Staehelin2; 1Department of Microbiology and Cell Science & Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida Gainesville, 2Department 42 of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, 3Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, 4Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 5Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI MannosidaseI involved in protein glycosylation, RabA4b in the trans-Golgi network, and cell wall polysaccharides were localized by immuno-electron tomography in high-pressure frozen Arabidopsis root meristem cells. MannosidaseI concentrate to the third and fourth Golgi cisternae indicating that cis-Golgi does not carry out protein glycosylation. RabA4b localizes to the secretory vesicle budding sites and colocalize with xyloglucan cell wall polysaccharide suggesting that this protein is involved in secretory vesicle formation. Immuno-electron tomography provide information on macromolecule localization in three-dimension with an unprecedented accuracy. L05-03 16:40-16:55 Immunolocalization of 28.5 kDa Antigen in the Tegument of Various Stages of Fasciola gigantica: P. Anuracpreeda, C. Wanichanon and P. Sobhon; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, THAILAND Monoclonal antibody (MoAb) specific to 28.5 kDa tegumental antigen (TA) was used to localize this antigen in various tissues of each developmental stages of F. gigantica (metacercariae, newly excysted juvenile, 1,3,5,7-week-old juveniles and adult) by means of indirect immunofluorescence, immuneperoxidase and immunogold techniques. The indirect immuneofluorescence and immunoperoxidase detections revealed that 28.5 kDa antigen was concentrated in the tegument particularly in its outer rim, tegumental cells and their processes, epithelium lining the oral sucker and the proximal part of digestive tract. It was also detected at a moderate concentration in spermatogenic cells in the testes, cells of Mehlis’gland, oocytes within the ovary, and ovum within the eggs of adult parasites. This antigen was also present in the tegument and tegumental cells of metacercariae, newly excysted juvenile, 1,3,5 and 7-week-old juvenile parasites. At TEM level, the immunogold detection showed deposit of gold particles specifically in G2 tegumental granules and on the outer surface membrane. Thus, this antigen is expressed in the tegument and associated structures of all stages of parasites, and it could be a major component of the G2 granules which are shown to fuse with the surface membrane and contribute material to replace the casted-off membrane. This process is a part of membrane turnover that prevents the parasite from being attacked by the host immune effector cells. L05-04 16:55-17:10 Immunohistochemical Study of Glutamate in Mouse Retina with "In Vivo Cryotechnique" in Paraffin-Embedded Sections: N. Terada, N. Ohno, S. Saitoh and S. Ohno; Department of Anatomy and Molecular Histology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo-city, Yamanashi, Japan It has been difficult to obtain immunoreactivity of glutamate (Glu) in paraffin-embedded sections with perfusion-fixation followed by alcohol dehydration. "In vivo cryotechnique" (IVCT) immediately immobilizes biological materials in ice crystals. Eyeballs frozen with IVCT were freeze-substituted in acetone containing paraformaldehyde, and embedded in paraffin wax. The cut sections were pre-treated with bovine serum albumin, and immunostained for Glu. The Glu immunoreactivity was especially obtained in the mouse retina in inner segment of photoreceptor cell layer (IS-P), outer and inner plexiform layers. A previous controversial issue concerning immuneolocalization of Glu in IS-P was solved by the present study. L05-05 17:25-17:40 Immuno-electron Microscopic Studies on the Behavior of RuBisCO during the Synchronized Cells of Euglena: T. Osafune,1 N. Kiyohara2 and T. Ehara3; 1Department of Life Sciences, 2Department of Sport Methodology, Nippon Sport Science University, Yokohama, Japan, 3Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan Pyrenoid exists in the chloroplasts of most eukaryotic algae and moss plants, and have been considered as a mere storage place of ribulose1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/ oxygenase (RuBisCO), but its functions are still poorly understood now. From a comparison of photosynthetic CO2-fixation with the total carboxylase activity of RuBisCO extracted from Euglena cells in the growth phase, it is suggested that the carboxylase in the pyrenoid functions in CO2-fixation in photosynthesis. L05-07 ORAL WEDNESDAY 17:10-17:25 Identification, Expression and Immunolocalization of Cathepsin B3 in Fasciola Gigantica: M. Sethadavit1, K. Meemon1, T. Spithill2 and P. Sobhon1; 1 Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Phyathai, Rajathevi, Bangkok, Thailand. 2School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Locked bag, Wagga, NSW. Australia and Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, Ste Anne de Bellevue, Canada. Tropical fasciolosis is a major parasitic disease caused by the liver fluke Fasciola gigantica which poses a significant economical loss to the livestock industry in Thailand and countries in tropical regions. Since the evidence of drug resistance in F. hepatica is emerging, vaccination is considered to be a more sustainable alternative for the control of fasciolosis. In order to develop a potential vaccine against F. gigantica, a prominent antigen of the newly excysted juveniles (NEJ), cathepsin B3 protease, was identified by immunoprecipitation using pooled sera from rats infected with F. gigantica metacercariae. Recombinant FgCatB3 (rFgCatB3) was expressed in Pichia pastoris which exhibited the MW of 37 kDa with 50-100 kDa glycosylated forms. The polyclonal antibodies (PoAb) against rFgCatB3 was produced in rabbit and used to determine the distribution of native cathepsin B3 protease in F. gigantica. The localization of cathepsin B3 protease in each stage of the parasite was performed using an immunoperoxidase conjugate which showed both the location and abundance of the protein. In metacercariae, cathepsin B3 protease was localized only in the caecal epithelium, while in NEJ, cathepsin B3 protease was localized in both caecal epithelium and its lumen. There was no staining of cathepsin B3 in 4-week old juveniles and adult parasites. This result confirmed the stage-specific expression of cathepsin B3 in F. gigantica and suggested that the mature native cathepsin B3 may start to be secreted in NEJ. The co-localizations of the major antigens of NEJ and cathepsin B3 were investigated by immunofluorescence, with the results confirming that cathepsin B3 was a component of the major antigens observed in the early stages of F. gigantica infection in rats. L05-06 November 05, 2008 WEDNESDAY I-05) Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy and X-ray Spectrometry Organized by Masami Terauchi and Hiroki Kurata Room 402 09:20 ~ 11:10 Chair: Masami Terauchi 09:20-09:50 Invited EELS Mapping, a Key Component for the Exploration of the Nanoworld: Christian Colliex; Laboratoire de Physique des Solides (UMR CNRS 8502), Universite Pari, France Recent progress in instrumentation (spectrometers, monochromators, detectors) and in methodology (data processing) now provide access to increased performance, to upgraded accuracy and precision and also to unconventional domains lying out of the main stream. They are all associated to spatially-resolved 43 EELS (as offered, for instance, in the spectrumimaging mode (5), -see fig.1-), which intimately combines an electron spectroscopy over a very broad spectral domain (from 1 eV up to a few thousands of eV) and with high spectral resolution (typically 0.2 to 0.5 eV), and an imaging microscopy with unique spatial resolution (down to 0.1 nm with Cs corrected instruments). I05-05 ORAL WEDNESDAY 09:50-10:10 Investigation of Hole States near the Fermi Level in Nb1-xMgxB2 by Electron Energy-loss Spectroscopy and First-Principles Calculations: Chao Ma, H.X. Yang, H.F. Tian and J.Q. Li; Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, China Electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) and First-principles calculations were used to investigate the electronic structure of NbB2 and superconducting Nb0.75Mg0.25B2. The anisotropic properties of the B K edges revealed by the orientation-dependence EELS spectra indicated the specific symmetries of the hole states near the Fermi level. In addition, the core-hole effect and magic angle were also studied in detail. Based on our results, the influence of Mg doping on the electronic structure of Nb1-xMgxB2 was discussed in connection with the material’s superconducting properties. I05-06 10:10-10:20 Coffee break Chair: Hiroki Kurata 10:20-10:50 Invited Studies of Surface Excitations near Interband Transitions in Nano-Materials by Electron EnergyLoss Spectroscopy: Cheng-Hsuan Chen; Center for Condensed Matter Sciences and Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taiwan In this talk, using EELS with a 2-Å electron probe in the near-field geometry and energy-filtered spectral imaging in real space, we have unambiguously demonstrate the existence of the uncommon SEP excitations on the nanorod surfaces of various semiconductors at energies near the interband transitions and also from metallic nanoparticles in the deep UV, non-metallic spectral regime. I05-07 10:50-11:10 High Energy-resolution EELS Studies on Plasmon Excitations of LaB6 and Cs0.33WO3 Particles by Using a Monochromator Transmission Electron Microscope: Yohei Sato1, M. Terauchi1, M. Mukai2, 44 T. Kaneyama2 and K. Adachi3; 1Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2JEOL Ltd, 3Ichikawa Research Laboratories, Sumitomo Metal Mining Co. Ltd. Electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) spectra of single particles of lanthanum hexaboride (LaB6) and cesium-doped tungsten trioxide (Cs0.33WO3) were measured in the near infrared region using a monochromator transmission electron microscope. Peak energies of the EELS spectra in the near infrared region were corresponding to surface plasmon energies of sphere particles. These energies also correspond to the dipole scattering of electromagnetic waves by a fine metallic particle, named as Mie scattering. It is suggested that an optical absorption energy of metallic nanoparticles can be derived from a carrier plasmon energy of the material. I05-08 I-11) X-ray Microscopy Organized by Hwa Shik Youn and Carolyn Larabell Room 401 09:20 ~ 12:05 Chair: Carolyn Larabell 09:20-09:50 Invited Micron and Nanometer Resolution X-ray CT Using Laboratory and Synchrotron Sources: Michael Feser; Xradia Inc., USA Modern industrial processes and research applications place increasingly higher demands on x-ray CT imaging resolution and sensitivity for low contrast, low-Z samples. We are discussing three approaches to increasing imaging resolution, namely (1)reduction in x-ray spot size, (2)higher resolution detectors, or (3)to employ x-ray optical elements. New developments in the area of phase contrast imaging enable unprecedented image contrast for specimens with very low absorption, which enables researchers to image specimens in their natural state. Synchrotron x-ray sources open the possibility for very advanced techniques, such as ultra-high resolution x-ray CT, fluorescence CT, or 3-D diffraction analysis. I11-01 09:50-10:10 Three Dimensional X-ray Microdiffraction Using Multiple Differential Apertures: Jin-Seok Chung1, Y.-D. Ko1, G.E. Ice2 and H.S. Youn3; 1Department of Physics, Soongsil University, 2Oak Ridge National Laboratory, USA, 3Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang, Korea Polychromatic X-ray microdiffraction technique has been available as two dimensional non-destructive structural probe of non-homogeneous microstructures such as procipitates and grain boundaries with submicron resolution. Recently it has been extended to three dimensions by introducing Differential-Aperture X-ray Microdiffraction(DAXM), which can resolve depth information with sub-micron resolution. However, the method is intrinsically a scanning technique where every resolved volume element (voxel) requires at least one area-detector readout. Previous applications of DAXM have used a single wire for knife-edge step profiling and the number of pixels has been limited mainly by the speed of data collection. Although conceptually simple, DAXM is challenged by conflicting restrictions on resolution and measurement speed. Here we demonstrate a way to accelerate DAXM measurements using multiple wires. A proof-of-principle experiment with a 3-wire prototype showed that the speed of measurements can be tripled, but careful calibration of wires will be required to maintain the spatial accuracy. In addition, related possibilities for accelerating measurements are discussed. I11-02 10:55-11:25 Invited Quantitative 3-D Imaging of Eukaryotic Cells Using Soft x-ray Tomography of Biological Cells: M.A. Le Gros1, D.Y. Parkinson1, W. Gu2, G. McDermott2 and C.A. Larabell1,2; 1Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, USA, 2Department of Anatomy, University of California, USA I11-05 10:10-10:30 The Phase Retrieval Method in Transmission Hard X-ray Microscope: Gung-Chian Yin, Fu-Rong Chen and Keng S. Laing; National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Taiwan In our research, a Gerchberg-Saxton type of iterative phase retrieval method is proposed to retrieve the pure phase information from the intensity of Zernike phase contrast in transmission hard x-ray microscope (TXM).Comparing to phase retrieval methods utilizing series of de-focal images [6], the proposed method utilizes only one experimental image of high contrast with assumption of no absorption. This greatly reduces the required number of images, the acquisition time and noise, which makes the phase tomography becoming feasible for beam sensitive sample. The sample of AGS cell stained with uranium in TXM for quantification of the retrieved phase will be demonstrated. The effects of aberration and limitation of this method will be discussed. I11-03 11:45-12:05 X-ray Tomography of Human T Lymphocytes: Hong Tae Kim1,2, Carolyn A. Larabell2.3, Mark A. LeGros2, Weiwei Gu2,3 and Dula Parkinson2; 1 Department of Anatomy, Catholic University of Daegu, Korea, 2National Center for X-ray Tomography (NCXT), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, USA, 3Department of Anatomy, University of California at San Francisco, USA X-ray tomography is an exciting new highthroughput approach for obtaining 3-D, quantifiable information from whole, hydrated cells. I11-07 11:25-11:45 Enhancing Contrast of Al Traces on Si Substrates using Low-voltage SEM-hosted XRM: John Hunt; Gatan Inc., USA Here, a new imaging technique is presented that extends the capabilities of a SEM-hosted XRM to address this application. By imaging with a pseudo-monochromatic x-ray source between the absorption edges of Al and Si, Al traces have been clearly imaged. This technique will extend the application range of x-ray microscopy to die level inspection. I11-06 ORAL WEDNESDAY M-05) Ceramics and Inorganic Materials Organized by Nam Hee Cho Room Samda2 09:20 ~ 12:20 Chairs: N.H. Cho and Kotato Kuroda 10:30-10:45 Hard X-ray Microscopy at PLS: Hwa Shik Youn; PAL, POSTECH, Korea The current status of the x-ray microscope at 1B2 beam line of PLS will be introduced. I11-04 10:45-10:55 Coffee break Chair: Hwa Shik Youn 09:20-09:50 Invited In-situ TEM Studies of Electrical and Mechanical Properties of Inorganic Nanomaterials: M. Mitome1, D. Golberg1, X. Bai2, P. Costa3, K. Kurashima1 and Y. Bando1; 1National Institute for Materials Science, Japan, 2Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, 3CICECO, University of Aveiro, Portugal Electrical and mechanical properties of inorganic nanotubes were measure 'in-situ' with two types of novel specimen holders inside a transmission 45 electron microscope. Form electrical measurements with an STM holder it was clarified that a boron nitride nanotube shows insulator-semiconductor transition by bending and releasing it. Such transition was fully reversible. Stress on the nanotube bending was measured directly with an AFM holder. Young's modulus was estimated from the results as 0.5-0.6 TPa. These results may be utilized as a basic knowledge to integrate the nanoscale materials into technology. M05-01 ORAL WEDNESDAY 09:50-10:20 Invited In situ Observation of Gas-Solid and Gas-Liquid Reactions in Inorganic Materials: Kotaro Kuroda; Department of Quantum Engineering, Nagoya University, Japan Recently an environmental holder which can be installed to a conventional TEM without any major modification has been developed [1]. A gas injection nozzle was built in the specimen heating holder developed by Kamino and Saka [2]. The gas injection nozzle permits gas flow around the specimen sitting on the heating element made of a fine W filament. The pressure of the electron gun chamber could be kept in the range of 10-5Pa while the pressure at the specimen chamber was maintained at the range of 10-2Pa. The microscope used in the study was a Hitachi H-9000 300kV high resolution. The holder was applied to in-situ observation of gas-solid and gas-liquid reactions at near atomic level, which include oxidation and reduction reactions of solid Ni and liquid Sn, and sitering reaction of α-SiAlON. M05-02 10:20-10:35 Controllable Growth and TEM Study of Diverse GaN Nanostructures: Baodan Liu1, Yoshio Bando,2 Masanori Mitome1,2, Chengchun Tang1,2 and Dmitri Golberg1,2; 1Nanoscale Materials Center, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Japan, 2 World Premier International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Japan In this work, various GaN nanostructures including needle-like and bi-crystalline nanowires, their arrays, doped nanowires, nanotubes and nanocones, were synthesized via carefully-designed and wellcontrolled CVD or MOCVD routes. A 300 kV high-resolution field-emission TEM (JEOL-3000F) with an attached EDS measuring system was employed to analyze their structures, crystallography and compositions. The dependence of the nanostructure optoelectronic properties, such as fieldemission and cathodeluminescence, upon its morphology, structure and chemical composition were finally elucidated. M05-03 46 10:35-10:50 Coffee break Chairs: Baodan Liu and Jianqi LI 10:50-11:20 Invited TEM Study of the Structural Features of BaTiO3 Nano-powders and Nano-grained Ceramics: S.-M. Moon1, N.-H. Cho1, M.-B. Park 1 and X.-H. Wang3; 1 Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Inha University, Korea, 2Memory division, Semiconductor business, Samsung Electronics co. LTD., Korea, 3Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, China Barium titanate (BaTiO3) ceramics have been widely used in various electronic devices like multilayer capacitors, infrared detectors, varistors and electro-optic devices for their unique and useful electrical characteristics. The electrical features of BaTiO3 ceramics have been known to be crucially determined by the structural and chemical characteristics of the grains as well as grain boundaries. In order to apply and/or make best use of the nanoscale powders for electronic ceramic devices with advanced engineering characteristics, it is essential to understand the variation in the structural and electrical properties of the powders as well as the nano-grained ceramics in terms of process parameters. M05-04 11:20-11:35 Charge Ordering and Structural Phase Transitions in the Electronic Ferroelectric LuFe2O4 and La (Pr, Sr)3 Mn2O7: Y. Zhang, H.X. Yang, L.J. Zeng, C. Ma and J.Q. Li; Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. R. China. We discovered the electron stripes in ferroelectric LuFe2O4, which manifest a frustrated charge density wave with a ferroelectric polarization. This charge ordering state, occurring at about 20K, was revealed for the first time by our in-situ transmission electron microscopy. A series of varied structural phenomena were also recorded as we lowered the temperature from 300K to 20K. Moreover, our investigations on the La(Pr,Sr)3Mn2O7 materials demonstrate that charge /orbital ordering could result in structural distortions related to the layered structural features, this kind of local structural changes play a critical role for understanding the ferroelectric polarization in this manganese system. M05-05 11:35-11:50 Structural Modulation and Electronic Structural Features in the Charge Ordered State of La0.5Sr1.5MnO4: L.J. Zeng1, C. Ma1, H.X. Yang1, R.J. Xiao1, J. Jansen2 and J.Q. Li1; 1Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, 2 National Centre for HREM, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, The Netherland In-situ TEM observations reveal a structural phase transition related to the charge/orbital order in La0.5Sr1.5MnO4. The structure refinement using the multi-slice least-squares method demonstrates that the Mn atoms, at symmetry-equivalent sites at room temperature, are distributed at two nonequivalent sites in CO phase. Based on this structure data, first-principles calculation reveals certain features in electronic structure: the density of states exhibits a band gap at the Fermi level; charge disproportionation and orbital ordering are visible in the contour map of charge-density; the dx2-z2 or dy2-z2 orbital ordering is demonstrated, which is different from the dz2-zigzag pattern in cubic perovskite. M05-06 12:05-12:20 Synthesis and Characterization of β-Tricalcium Phosphate Ceramics Produced via Wet Chemical Method: Mohd Al Amin Muhamad Nor and Vickneswary Letchmanan; Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Malaysia Terengganu, Malaysia Calcium phosphates based ceramics such as hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphates are preferred as bone grafts in hard tissue engineering because of their superior bioactivity and have been extensively studied during the last decades [1]. Wet chemical method is one of the most common method used to produce beta-tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP) due to its low cost, simple and produces homogenous and single phase powder [2]. In this study, beta-TCP was synthesized by using wet chemical method. Diammonium hydrogen phosphate (NH4)2HPO4 and calcium nitrate tetrahydrate (Ca(NO3)2.4H2O) were used as calcium and phosphate precursors. The effects of reaction pH on the compositions of powder were studied using XRD and SEM-EDS. Pure beta-TCP were successfully synthesis via wet chemical method at reaction pH of pH 5. M05-08 ORAL WEDNESDAY 11:50-12:05 HAADF-STEM Analysis on Dopant Site-Selectivity in (Ca1/4Cu3/4)TiO3: Si-Young Choi1,2, Sung-Yoon Chung3,4, Takahisa Yamamoto5,6 and Yuichi Ikuhara1,6; 1Institute of Engineering Innovation, The University of Tokyo, Japan, 2Korea Institute of Materials Science, Korea, 3Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea, 4Nalphates LLC, USA, 5Department of Advanced Materials Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan, 6Nanostructures Research Laboratory, Japan Fine Ceramics Center, Japan Physical properties and resulting functionalities of many materials are drastically affected by additives even though their concentration is only of a few atomic percents. Remarkable variations of electrical properties in silicon-based semiconductors, oxidetype superconductors and dielectrics as well as of mechanical properties in metals and structural ceramics are well known to show the significance of such external additives. In contrast to covalently bonded compounds, added aliovalent cations can act as either donors or acceptors in complex oxides, depending on which host cation in the lattice is replaced. Therefore, to determine the site-selectivity of dopants directly and precisely in the unit cell of such ionic systems is the first crucial step toward the better understanding and systematic estimation of ultimate materials performance by doping. Taking (Ca1/4Cu3/4)TiO3, which has recently attracted much attention due to the high dielectric permittivity and the strong nonlinear voltage-current behavior, as a complex perovskite oxide in this study, we experimentally show that the doped aliovalent La cations are preferentially substituted for Ca although 75% of the A sites are composed of Cu. STEM with a spherical aberration corrector and scanning EELS analysis were utilized both for the direct visualization and for the chemical identification of each atomic column. The present study thus suggests that the imaging based on the aberration-corrected STEM combined by the EELS can be utilized as a powerful tool that reveals the atomic-level distribution of cation dopants in complex oxides. M05-07 M-10) Geological / Minerological Materials Organized by Sujeong Lee and Toshihiro Gurore Room Samda1 09:20 ~ 11:50 Chairs: Toshihiro Gurore and Sujeong Lee 09:20-09:50 Invited Microstructures Development in Experimentally and Naturally Annealed Albite: Correlative OM and EM Studies: Youn-Joong Kim1, Byung-Gyu Park2, Young-Boo Lee3 and Sujung Lee4; 1Division of Electron Microscopic Research, 2Gwangju Center, 3 Jeonju Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Korea, 4 Minerals and Materials Processing Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Korea M10-01 09:50-10:20 Invited Application of Cs-corrected High-resolution STEM to Silicate Mineralogy: T. Kogure1 and E. Okunishi2; 47 1 Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan, 2Application & Research Center, Electron Optics Division, JEOL Ltd., Japan Significant improvement of the resolution in electron microscopy by the development of the spherical-aberration corrector (Cs-corrector) will bring new information to understand the atomic structures in silicates. Cation columns separated by ca. 1.5 Å, which originates from the ionic radius of oxygen or a half of the adjacent oxygen-oxygen separation, are common in silicates and they are easily resolved by a Cs-corrected transmission electron microscope (TEM) or scanning TEM (STEM) with a resolution close to one angstrom. High-angular annular dark filed (HAADF) imaging using Cscorrected STEM is demonstrated to observe pyroxene (orthopyroxene with augite lamellar), mica and serpentine. M10-02 ORAL WEDNESDAY 48 10:20-10:50 Invited Characterization of Microbially Induced Mineral Transformation by Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (EELS) and Environmental Cell (EC) Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM): Jinwook Kim; Department of Earth System Sciences, Yonsei University, Korea Electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), energy filtered transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM), and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) were employed to investigate mineral transformation associated with microbial Fe(III) reduction. Shewanella putrefaciens strain CN32, a dissimilatory metal-reducing bacterium was incubated with magnetite as a sole electron acceptor and with lactate as an electron donor for 14 days under anaerobic conditions in a bicarbonate buffer. The high resolution TEM revealed that Fe-reduction proceeded via close association between bacterial cells and nanometer sized magnetite crystals, where cells were coated with magnetite crystals, and that siderite were formed apparently in the space previously occupied by a bacterial cell. The elemental map of Fe, O, and C and RGB composite map were created by EFTEM technique. The interface between magnetite and siderite were also investigated using EELS technique to understand the Fe oxidation state in each mineral. The Fe oxidation state was determined based on the integral ratio of L3 to L2. The integral ratios of L3 to L2 of magnetite (6.29) and siderite (2.71) corresponded to 71% of Fe(III) in magnetite, and 24% of Fe(III) in siderite based on the van Aken et al. study. Chemical shift (about 1.9 eV) of Fe-L3 edges of magnetite and siderite was detected indicating the major difference in the oxidation state of Fe between the two minerals. Furthermore, EELS spectrum images of magnetite and siderite were extracted from the electron energy loss ranging from 675 to 755 eV, showing the oxidation state of magnetite-siderite interface. Furthermore, the interactions of clay minerals and microbes investigated utilizing these techniques will be presented. M10-03 10:50-11:05 Coffee break 11:05-11:20 Quantitative Analysis of Mineral Dust Particles by SEM/EDX: M. Choël1, K. Deboudt2, S. Sobanska3, C.-U. Ro1 and P. Flament2; 1Department of Chemistry, Inha University, Korea, 2Laboratoire de Physicochimie de l’Atmosphère, LPCA UMR CNRS 8101, Université du Littoral Côte d’Opale, France, 3 Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman, LASIR UMR CNRS 8516, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, France Single-particle analysis performed by scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM/EDX) is particularly suited to characterizing environmental particles. An optimized analytical procedure combining the use of boron as the substrate material and a reverse Monte Carlo quantitative program was developed. This methodology was successfully evaluated on pure compounds (calcite, gypsum) ranging in size from 0.3 to 10 µm. Further validation was carried out on a finely crushed biotite mineral considered as a homogeneous material. Good agreement was obtained between bulk analysis performed by ICP-AES and single-particle analyses by SEMEDX demonstrating the validity of this methodology for particle microanalysis. M10-04 11:20-11:35 Formation of β-Cristobalite in the PyrophylliteMullite Reaction Series: Sujeong Lee1, Youn-Joong Kim2 and Yong Jae Suh1; 1Minerals and Materials Processing Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Korea, 2Division of Electron Microscopic Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, Korea Amorphous structure is abruptly transformed to β-cristobalite by heating at 1300oC. strong diffuse scattring, which is the characteristic in β-cristobalite, is observed on the SAED pattern. M10-05 11:35-11:50 Changes in Interlayer K on I llite and Muscovite in the Diagenesis: TEM, HAADF Study: Mun, Hyang-Ran1,2, Lee, Young-Boo1 and Lee, Jung Hoo2; 1 Korea Basic Science Institute, 2Chonbuk National L-05) Immunocytochemistry and Histochemistry Organized by Soo Jin Kim, Jin-Woong Jeong and Hee Chol Kang Room 301 09:50 ~ 11:20 Chairs: Soo Jin Kim, Jin-Woong Jeong, Dong-Heui Kim and Hee Chol Kang 09:50-10:05 Distribution of FMRF and APGW Amides in the Central Nervous System and Ovary and Their Effects on Ovarian Maturation of Macrobrachium rosenbergii: R. Palasoon, A. Ngernsoungnern, P. Sretasugsa, P. Sobhon and J. Chavadej; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Thailand The distribution of FMRF and APGW neuroamides was studied in the CNS and the ovary by immunoperoxidase and immunofluorescence methods. Their effects on the ovarian maturation in Macrobrachium rosenbergii was also included. The FMRFamide-immunoreactive (-ir) was found in the eyestalk. It was also found in the brain, suboesophageal, thoracic and abdominal gangila including neuropils of all ganglia. The APGWamide-ir was only present in the sinus gland. The FMRF amide-ir could be found in the cytoplasm of the late previtellogenic and early vitellogenic oocytes. These neuroamides could slightly shorten the duration of ovarian cycle when compared to the control group. Keywords: Macrobrachium rosenbergii - FMRF amide - APGW amide - Immunocytochemistry ovarian maturation. L05-08 10:05-10:20 Peracetate-metabolite of Ethanol Affects Morphology of Pancreatic Acinar Cells: Michal Wozniak1, J. Antosiewicz2 and N. Knap1; 1Dept. of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland, 2 Dept. of Bioenergetics &Physiology of Exercise, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland The purpose of our study was to state whether ethanol metabolite, being a derivative of acetic acid, namely peracetic acid, can induce morphological changes typical for acute pancreatitis. Inside pancreatic acinar cells we observed marked edema of rough endoplasmic reticulum membrane network as well as swollen mitochondria after 1h of 500 nmol of peracetate infusion. 1h after 20 µmol of peracetate small pancreatic ducts underwent retraction. Morphological derangement of nuclear chromatin, endoplasmic reticulum membranes and mitochondrion predominate with occasional formation of gigantic mitochondria. L05-09 ORAL WEDNESDAY University, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Korea The reactions that occur in the diagenesis are the processes which layer silicates such as muscovite, chlorite and biotite form with increase of temperature and pressure from the burial of sediments. Muscovite is especially well known to develop from illite through the mixed-layer in the reaction of diagenesis. The change in K content is associated with changes in chemical composition and micro-scale structures during the reaction. In this work, the structural changes from illite to muscovite which occur in the process of diagenesis and metamorphim are studied with images of K component using HR-TEM (High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy) and HAADF (High Angle Annual Dark Field) imaging. Muscovite in a metamorphic rock shows high crystallinity with continuous and regular pattern on the lattice fringe images of HR-TEM and the distinct layers of K on the HAADF images. On the other hand, illite in a sedimentary rock shows relatively smaller size of crystas and discontinuous and irregular pattern of K layers with many structural misfit. K layers of illite are two types. One is stacking disorder with interlayer K missing which is a partially pyrophyllite layer between TOT layer of illite. This interlayer K is difficult to identify on HR-TEM images because stacking disorder usually occurs at one layer scale. The other is the lens shaped structure caused by misfit by the discontinuity of interlayer K. This misfit is confirmed with the absence of K component in the HAADF images. These are supposed to simultaneously develop stacking disorder of illite and pyrophyllite and the partial misfit of lens structure in the reaction of diagenesis. M10-06 10:20-10:35 Hematology, Cytochemistry and Morphology of Blood Cells in Leopard Cats (Prionailurus bengalensis): C. Salakij1, J. Salakij1, K. Prihirunkit1, D. Tongthainun2 and N. Rochanapat1; 1Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Thailand, 2 Khaokeaw Open Zoo, Thailand The leopard cats (Prionailurus bengalensis) are the most frequently encountered wild cats in the most of South-east Asia and considered endangered. Blood samples were collected from 8 adult leopard cats (5 males and 3 females). A complete blood count was performed using automated cell counter. Manual differential count, cytochemical stains (Sudan black B (SBB), peoxidase (PO), periodic acid Schiff (PAS), alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) and betaglucuronidase (BG) were done using standard methods. Hematologic values and cytochemical staining were 49 tabulated. Hepatozoon organisms were found in neutrophils and lymphocytes of one male leopard cat. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Hepatozoon infection in leopard cat. Most of cytochemical stainings of blood cells in leopard cats were similar to those in domestic cat, fishing cat and flat-headed cat except basophils in leopard cats were negative for ANAE. This information will be useful for health management and evaluation of hemoparasitic diseases in these endangered cats. L05-10 ORAL WEDNESDAY 10:35-10:50 Ultrastructural Markers of Inflammatory Response in Pancreatic Acinar Cells Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane Reflecting Chemistry and Biology of Nitrogen Dioxide: Michal Wozniak1, N. Knap1, A. Dabrowska1, D. Jacewicz1, A. Chylewska1, A. Figarski1, M. Szkatula1, J. Kubasik-Juraniec2, L. Chmurzynski1 and M. Wozniak1; 1Dept. of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland; 2 Dept. of Electron Microscopy, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland The excessive production of NO derived radical namely NO2 has been postulated as a key mediator of cellular injury at sites of necrotic type of inflammation after single intraperitoneal administration of L-arginine. In animals treated with L-arginine, necrotic acinar cells with predominantly perturbed reticulum could be observed. The endoplasmic reticulum of acinar secreting cell consisted of an extensive network of interconnected sheet-like cisternae, more often seen in perinuclear region. In animals treated with L-arginine plus 4-OH-TEPMO-membrane penetrating NO2 scavenger, formation of vacuoles from endoplasmic reticulum cisternae was suppressed completely. L05-11 10:50-11:05 Reconstruction of Central Lacteals in the Murine Jejunum Following Ischemia-reperfusion Injury: Meng Fan-wei1, Shimoda H2, Kajiwara T2, Matsuda M2 and Kato S2; 1Shandong University, China, 2Oita University, Japan The intestinal mucosa is vulnerable to an ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) attendant on some bowel diseases and surgery; thus, the restoration of the mucosal integrity is critical to achieving functional recovery of the intestine injured by I/R. In this histochemical study, we investigated the alteration of the central lacteals which are essential for the transport of fat, tissue fluid, and immune cells in the intestinal mucosa-in the murine jejunum after I/R. The intestine inflicted with I/R demonstrated mucosal injury involving the inflammatory response, with interstitial edema, disruption of the villous tissue, and subsequent tissue regeneration of the villi.The regenerative villous tissue revealed lymphatic regrowth showing 50 proliferative activity from the residual mucosal lymphatics behind the regenerated blood vasculature. During the regenerative phase, the blood vascular pericytes expressed and intense immunoreaction for VEGF-A, an inducer for moncyte/macrophage recruitment as well as angiogenesis. Also, the F4/80immunopositive macrohages significantly increased in number in the regenerating villous stroma. Furthermore, the macrophages recruited around the regrowing lacteals expressed the immunoreactivity for VEGF-C, which is highly specific lymphangiogenic factor. The present study is first to delineate alterations in the central lacteals in the small intestine following I/R. thereby suggesting that the recruitment of the macrophages induced by upregulation of VEGF-A in the pericytes of regenerative blood vessels might promote reconstruction of the central lacteals through their release of VEGF-C. L05-12 11:05-11:20 Activation of wnt/β-catenin Pathway in Invasive Ductal Carcinomas: Prasad C.P1, Rath G1 and Ralhan R2; 1Department of Anatomy, VMMC and Safdarjang Hospital, N. India, 2Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, India Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer in women worldwide with 1.05 million new cases every year and represents over 20% of all malignancies in females (Parkin et al, 2001). The population based cancer registry data from various parts of India, revealed breast cancer to be the commonest cancer among women in five cities including Delhi and Mumbai (Report of the National Cancer Registry Programme, 2001). Aberrant expression of several Wnt proteins and other components of this pathway in human breast carcinomas have been reported, but the evidence for a causative role in human disease is missing. Overexpression of b-catenin and its downstream effector, Cyclin D1, is implicated in malignant transformation and acquisition of an invasive tumor phenotype (Shtutman et al, 1999). This study analyzes the expression pattern of b-catenin in a series of 98 invasive ductal breast carcinomas and their relationships with Disheveled, Cyclin D1 and clinicopathological features to better understand the biological and clinical relevance of b-catenin pathway activation in sporadic breast cancer. L05-13 L-04) Plasma-Membrane and Cell-Organelles Societies Organized by Hyesung Jeon and Nobuhiro Morone Room 302 09:20 ~ 11:40 Chairs: Hyesung Jeon and Nobuhiro Morone 09:20-09:50 Invited Electron Freeze-Replica Tomography for the Plasma Membrane Interface: Nobuhiro Morone; National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Japan We have recently reconstructed three-dimensional images of the undercoat structure on the cytoplasmic surface of the upper cell membrane by electron freeze replica tomography, with 0.85-nm-thick consecutive sections made 100 nm from the cytoplasmic surface (Morone et al., 2006). The actin filaments that are closely apposed to the cytoplasmic surface of the plasma membrane (within 10.2 nm) are likely to form the boundaries of the membrane compartments. The distribution of the MSK mesh-size as determined by “electron freeze-replica tomography” and that of the compartment-size as determined from “high speed single-particle tracking” of phospholipid diffusion agree reasonably well. L04-01 10:10-10:30 Mass Microscopic Analysis Revealed the Dynamic Property of Plasma Membrane Lipids Component: Mitsutoshi Setou1, D. H. Yang2 and Y. Sugiura2; 1 Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Japan, 2 Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan We worked on the microscopic research and development (Setou et al., Science 2000, Setou et al., Nature 2002, Ikegami et al., PNAS 2007, Setou et al., MMM 2006, Yao et al., Cell 2007). To visualize metabolome components in situ, we have developed the mass spectrometry imaging techniques (Sugiura 10:30-10:40 Coffee break 10:40-11:00 Electron Tomography for Thick Biological Specimens by Using Scanning Transmission Technique: K. Aoyama1, T. Takagi1,2, T. Noda3 and N. Morone4; 1 FEI Company Japan Ltd. Application Laboratory, Japan, 2Laboratory of Electron microscopy, Japan Women’s University, Japan, 3International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Japan, 4National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Japan Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM) has not been widely used for biological field thus far. However, STEM technique combined with tomography is powerful method even for this field. STEMtomography has several advantages over TEM tomography.Thick sections are obviously useful for Threedimensional (3D) structural analysis because of the large amount of information they provide. The scanning beam can be focused flexibly in STEM. Therefore, the entire image area can be optimally focused on even in highly tilted specimens. In STEM tomography, it is easy to switch between the bright field, dark field and HAADF modes. L04-04 ORAL WEDNESDAY 09:50-10:10 Compartmentalization of the Plasma Membrane by the Membrane Skeleton: High-speed Singlemolecule Tracking Study: Takahiro Fujiwara and Akihiro Kusumi; ICORP-JST and iCeMS, Kyoto University, Japan The movements of transmembrane proteins (transferrin receptors) and phospholipids (DOPE) in the plasma membrane were detected using single fluorescent- molecule tracking and high-speed single particle tracking techniques. In all of the 5 cell types (NRK, T24, HeLa, HEPA-OVA, and PtK2) examined, the plasma membrane was found to be partitioned into many small compartments, and individual molecules exhibited short-term confined diffusion within a compartment, and long-term hop diffusion between the compartments. Both transmembrane proteins and phospholipids sensed the same compartment size, supporting the universality of our membrane-skeleton “fence” model for transmembrane proteins and anchored-protein “picket” model for lipid molecules. L04-02 et al., Anal Chem 2006, Shimma et al., Anal Chem 2008, Yao et al., Proteomics 2008). We will present our recent results to visualize dynamic property of plasma membrane lipids in situ. L04-03 11:00-11:20 Bio-imaging of Dengue Virus Non-structural 1 (NS1) Protein Trafficking in Hepatocytes: E.W.Y Liu and M.L. Ng; Department of Microbiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore HepG2 and Huh7 cells were transiently transfected with this NS1-GFP fusion construct. Cells were fixed at various timings post-transfection and stained with specific organelle markers. Live time-lapse bioimaging was also conducted on NS1-GFP transiently transfected hepatocellular carcinoma cells, using specific organelle markers. We have identified the endoplasmic reticulum as the initial target organelle of NS1 protein, where it is synthesized and processed before targeting it to the golgi apparatus for secretion. However, only a portion of the NS1 proteins are targeted for secretion as most are found to be dissipated in the cytoplasm following their synthesis. L04-05 11:20-11:40 High Content Fluorescence Imaging Platform in Deciphering Dengue Virus Entry Pathway into 51 Hepatocytes: Justin Jang-Hann Chu, Firzan Ang, Andrew Phui-Yew Wong and Mah-Lee Ng; Department of Microbiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore High content based fluorescence screening platform was utilized to elucidate the cellular factors that is involved during dengue virus entry into host cells. By performing a siRNA profiling screening assay, cellular genes associated with clathrinmediated endocytosis was shown to be essential for dengue virus entry into cells. Furthermore, bioimaging was performed to map out the complete entry pathway of dengue virus into cells. L04-06 November 06, 2008 THURSDAY I-07) Electron Tomography and Electron Holography Organized by Kenji Kaneko and Se Ahn Song Room 402 09:20 ~ 12:00, 14:00 ~ 16:10 Chair: Kenji Kaneko ORAL THURSDAY 09:20-09:50 Invited High Resolution 3-D Characterization of Nanomaterials Using STEM Tomography Correlated with Atom Probe Tomography: Ilke Arslan1 and Emmanuelle A. Marquis2; 1Sandia National Laboratories, 7011 East Avenue, Livermore, CA 94550, USA. 2Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PH, UK This talk will focus on various acquisition schemes of electron tomography in the scanning transmission electron microscope applied to solve materials problems in inorganic materials. Further, the correlation of STEM tomography with atom probe tomography will be presented. I07-01 09:50-10:05 Electron Tomography Applications for Evaluation of Semiconductor Devices: Se Ahn Song and Jun-Ho Lee; AE Center, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Yongin, 446-712, Korea We have applied electron tomography technique to semiconductor devices (say, a DRAM device) with complicated internal structure and also complicated composition ranging from light atoms (nitrogen, oxygen) to heavy elements (tungsten). Also we tried to compare the effectiveness of tomography information of among Titan TEM, Titan STEM, and 1250 kV HVEM TEM (at KBSI) based on image contrast aspect. Also the importance of TEM sample preparation 52 for electron tomography will be discussed. It is obvious that we need undamaged and even thickness TEM section for the complicated structured devices. I07-02 10:05-10:20 3-dimentional and Quantitative Analysis of Mg/Cu Super-laminates by STEM-tomography: K. Tanaka,1 N. Takeichi,1 H. Tanaka,1 N. Kuriyama,1 T. T. Ueda,2 M. Tsukahara,2 H. Miyamura,3 and S. Kikuchi3; 1 Research Institute for Ubiquitous Energy Devices, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-8-31 Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan, 2IMRA Material R&D Co. Ltd., 5-50 Hachiken-cho, Kariya, Aichi 448-0021, Japan, 3Department of Materials Science, University of Shiga Prefecture, 2500 Hassaka-cho, Hikone, Shiga 522-0057, Japan 3-dimentional and quantitative analysis of Mg/Cu Super-laminates was performed by STEM-tomography. Super-laminates have been attracting attention since co-authors Ueda et al. reported that Mg/Cu super-laminates showed reversible hydrogenation and dehydrogenation at 473 K [1]. Originally, magnesium is expected as one of hydrogen storage media because it stores a large amount of hydrogen up to 7.6 mass%, by forming MgH2. However, a practical decomposition rate is given at the temperatures above 673 K, which is too high for practical applications. Thus, various Mg-based alloys and compounds have been investigated to improve the rate and lower the temperature of dehydrogenation. Mg/Cu super-laminates were prepared by a repetitive fold and roll method using a conventional two-high roll mill as described previously [2]. Initial activation at 573 K leads the super-laminates to absorb hydrogen at 473 K. They do not absorb it at 473 K without the initial activation. In order to investigate the mechanism of hydrogen absorption and desorption at 473 K, we performed TEM observations of micro-structural transiton of the super-laminates. A previous research revealed that large surface area because of porous structures and fine grain size of Mg/Cu super-laminates lead to lower dehydrogenation temperature and better kinetics of hydrogen absorption [3]. In this study, we explained better kinetics of hydrogen desorption by characterizing the micro/nano-structures of Mg/Cu super-laminates 3-dimentionally and quantitatively by STEM-tomography. TEM specimens were prepared by conventional mechanical grinding followed by ion thinning and observed using JEOL JEM-3000F and FEI Tecnai G2 F20. Kissinger plot derived from thermogravimetry (TG) measurements is shown in fig. 1. Activation energy for hydrogen desorption was 217.0±1.4kJ/mol in initially activated Mg/Cu super-laminates, 153.9±30.6 in heat-treated Mg/Cu super-laminates, 139±36.5kJ/mol in uncrush- ed initially activated Mg2Cu powder, and 151.9±10.6kJ/mol in MgH2 powder. Activation energy for different samples seems almost the same values, which means dominating factors in hydrogen desorption process expected to be the same. However, pre-exponential factor values were high in order of initially activated Mg/Cu super-laminates (5.94× 1014s-1), heat-treated Mg/Cu super-laminates (4.30× 109s-1), MgH2 (1.43×109s-1), and uncrushed initially activated Mg2Cu powder (2.07×108s-1), which means hydrogen desorption rate is also in this order. Fig. 2 shows a TEM image of Mg/Cu super-laminates on the condition of hydrogen absorption composed of MgH2 and MgCu2. Grain size of MgH2 was about 50nm and MgCu2 100-200nm, which indicated short diffusion distance during hydrogen desorption. And surface area of hetero-interface between MgH2 and MgCu2 is expected a high-speed diffusion path of hydrogen. Fig. 3 shows surface images of Mg/Cu super-laminates on the condition of hydrogen absorption. Fig. 3(a) is an image of initially activated specimen and (b) heat-treated one. Surface area of MgCu2 per volume was 10.00 (a) and 8.73μm-1 (b), respectively. This results indicates that large surface area of hetero-interface contributes high desorption rate. STEM-tomography enabled us to view specimen 3-dimentinally and analyze it quantitatively. It is concluded that small grain size and large surface area of hetero-interface contributes high desorption rate. I07-03 10:35-10:45 Coffee break Chair: Ilke Arslan 11:15-11:30 Three-dimensional Analyses of Crack Tip Dislocations Observed by Electron Tomography: M. Tanaka1, M. Honda1, M. Mitsuhara2, S. Hata2, K. Kaneko1 and K. Higashida1; 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyushu University, Japan, 2Department of Engineering Sciences for Electronics and Materials, Kyushu University, Japan Fracture toughness of crystalline materials is one of the key issues in mechanical property and it should be explained by dislocation processes. Since the fracture toughness is strongly influenced by the dislocation process at a crack tip, the most essential matter to be considered is how the dislocations relieve the stress concentration at the crack tip. In the present study, 3-D analyses of crack-tip dislocations were attempted by annular dark field images obtained using scanning electron microscopy (ADF-STEM) in order to reveal the multiplication process of dislocations around the crack tip. I07-06 ORAL THURSDAY 10:20-10:35 Fabrication and Characterization of TiN-Ag Nano-Dice: K. Kitawaki, K. Kaneko, K. Furuya, K. Inoke, J. C. Hernandez, P. A. Midgley, H. Okuyama, M. Uda and Y. Sakka; 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan, 2FEI Company Japan Ltd., application Laboratory, NSS-II Bldg 2-13-34 Kohnan, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-0075 Japan, 3Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, CB2 3QZ, UK., 4National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1, Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan TiN-Ag Nano-Dice prepared by dc arc-plasma method was characterized by both X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). In particular morphologies were investigated by high-angle annular dark-field (HAADF) Tomography method. I07-04 10:45-11:15 Invited Three-dimensional Nano Characterization of Catalytic Materials by TEM Dispersion and Morphology: Kenji Kaneko; Department of Material Science and Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan Three-dimensional electron tomography (3D-ET) has been developed by combination of transmission electron microscopy and computed tomography (TEM-CT), and applied for materials science in recent years. The relationship between the crystal habit and dispersion of metallic nanoparticles for catalytic activities will be presented. I07-05 11:30-11:45 Three-dimensional Imaging of Dislocations in Steel Using STEM Tomography: M. Mitsuhara1, M. Tanaka2, K. Ikeda1, S. Hata1 and H. Nakashima1; 1 Department of Electrical and Materials Science, Kyushu University 6-1 Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan, 2Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan In this study, the three-dimensional imaging techniques of dislocations in steels were investigated using STEM tomography. The dislocation image in STEM image was clearly observed with a high deviation from an exact two beam condition. This feature is advantageous for recording a tile series of dislocation images for the tomography. The threedimensional reconstructed images of dislocation using the tilt series of negative BF-STEM image was successfully acquired and it indicated that the dislocations almost migrate on slip planes although they were sinuous and tangled. I07-07 53 11:45-12:00 Three-dimensional Structure Analysis of Submicron Size Composite Inclusions in Steel by HAADF-STEM Tomography: A. Taniyama; Corporte Research and Development Laboratories, Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd 1-8 Fuso-cho, Amagasaki, Hygo, 660-0891, Japan Since inclusions in steel behave as initiation sites of mechanical crack and chemical corrosion, it is important to control their composition, morphology and size distribution to improve the properties of steel such as toughness and corrosion resistance. The inclusions often have a complex composite structure; therefore, three-dimensional analysis of their structure is effective for understanding their growth behavior during steel making process. In this study, the HAADF - STEM tomography was applied to reveal a three-dimensional morphology and a composite structure of sub-micron size composite inclusions in steel. I07-08 12:00-13:00 Lunch 13:00-14:00 Poster Presentation (1st Floor) Chair: Hee-Seok Kwon ORAL THURSDAY 14:00-14:15 Phase Transformation Behavior in Alloys Viewed by 3D-tomography: T.J. Konno1, K. Aoyagi2, E. Shizuya2, J.B. Lee2, K. Sato1, T. Kiguchi1, K. Hiraga1; 1 Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku university, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, 2 Graduate School, Department of Materials Science, Tohoku University, 6-6 Aramaki Aza-Aoba, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan We have employed 3D tomography to elucidate the phase transformation behaviors in metals and alloys. The systems investigated include: Mg-Nd, Cu-Ag, and Co-based high-temperature alloys. The use of STEM-BF tomography will also be presented. I07-09 14:15-14:30 Characterization of Xenon Nanoprecipitates Embedded in Aluminium Crystals by Means of 3-D TEM: M. Song1, H. Matsumoto2, M. Shimojo1,3, M. Takeguchi1, K. Mitsuishi1 and K. Furuya1; 1 National Institute for Materials Science, Sakura 3-13, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 3050003 Japan., 2Yokohama Lab., Mitsubishi chemical group science and research center, INC, 1000 Kamoshida-cho, Aoba-ku, Yokohama, 2278502, Japan., 3Saitama Institute of Technology, 54 Fusaiji 1690, Fukaya, Saitama, 3690293 Japan The precipitation of inert gas atoms in metals is interesting in views from both fundamental sciences and industrial applications. The Xe-precipitates in Al have been observed with TEM in usual modes, such as the bright field (BF) and high-resolution (HREM) modes. However, almost only 2-D information on the structure and distribution of Xe precipitates has been studied. We carried out the 3-dimensional (3-D) observation of xenon (Xe) nanoprecipitates in Xeimplanted Al crystals using a newly developed tomography specimen holder for 3-D observation for the high voltage TEM, JEM-ARM1000. I07-10 14:30-14:45 Three Dimensional Structural and Compositional Imaging Using FIB-STEM System: T. Yaguchi1,2, K. Kaji1, H. Kikuchi1, M. Miyakawa2, H. Okushima1, M.Konno1 and T. Kamino1; 1 Nanotechnology Products Business Group, Hitachi High-Technologies Corp., 882, Ichige, Hitachinaka, Ibaraki, 312-8504 Japan, 2Advanced Equipment & System Sales Div., Hitachi High-Technologies Corp., 24-14, Nishi-shinbashi 1chome, Minatoku, Tokyo, 1058717 Japan We have carried out 3D structural and compositional analysis of a pillar-shaped specimen using a FIB system and STEM. The specimen holder allows 360 degree rotation and ±20 degree tilting of a specimen. For composition analysis, EELS has been applied to map the elemental distributions in 3D. HD-2300A STEM which employs the new real-time EELS imaging system EV-3000 has been used. The new EELS system employs a three-window energy filter and collects electrons in the three energy ranges simultaneously. Therefore a real-time energy filtered image can be obtained. The barrier metal layer signal was extracted and successfully reconstructed in 3D. I07-11 14:45-15:00 TEMographyTM, The Latest Application Software for Electron Tomography: H. Furukawa, M. Shimizu, H. Horii, K. Kawamoto and Y. Iizuka; JEOL SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD., 3-1-2 Musashino, Akisima-shi, Tokyo 196-8558, Japan We have developed the software named TEMographyTM commercially available for complete image acquisition and alignment. It consist on three high-performance software applications: RECORDER, COMPOSER, and VISUALIZER-Kai. Of course, This application software deals with the combinations with, such as STEM, energy filter, minimum dose control system and Cryogenic holder. TEMographyTM has already got users more than 100 in the world and continues developing today. It is well known by our customer even that how to use can get the best result by the smallest trouble easily. Besides, we had opened the web page for exclusive use of the support. I07-12 15:00-15:10 Coffee break Chair: Konno Toyohiko 15:10-15:25 Development of High-Angle Triple-Axis Specimen Holder for Electron Tomography: S. Hata1 and H. Miyazaki2; 1Department of Engineering Sciences for Electronics and Materials, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasugakoen, Kasuga-shi, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan, 2 Mel-Build, Fukuoka, 3-13-1 Shiojizaka, Umimachi, Kasuya-gun, Fukuoka 811-2103, Japan We developed a transmission electron microscopy specimen holder available for electron tomography study of crystalline materials. The specimen holder has a mechanism of double-tilt axes and a rotation axis on the exchangeable specimen stage. The tripleaxes specimen stage can precisely set the specimentilt axis and the diffraction condition during taking a tilt series of images such as dislocations. I07-13 15:40-15:55 15:55-16:10 Improvement of Electron Tomography by Reduction of ‘Missing Wedge’ for Biological Application Using HVEM: H.-S. Kweon1, J.M. Jeong2, Y.B. Lee2, S.J. Kim1, J.Y. Lee1, S.H. Lee1, W.K. Jung1, H.J. Cho1 and E.J. Lee1; 1Division of Electron Microscopic Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, 113 Gwahangno, Yusung-gu, Daejeon 305-333, Korea, 2Nuclear Materials Development Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon 305-353, Korea High voltage electron microscope (HVEM) tomography has occupied a position as a leading technique of 3-D biological electron microscopy by providing no specimen thickness limitation. However, HVEM tomography still has the limit of resolution by ‘missing wedge’ due to restricted tilt range even solve the thickness problem by powerful penetration. We have developed a simplified and effective method for 3-D reconstruction of biological samples using the HVEM without ‘missing wedge’ by tilting. The presented study is technical complement about improving of the HVEM tomography fidelity and helpful for application of 3-D structure of the intact organelle. I07-16 ORAL THURSDAY 15:25-15:40 Focal Depth Extension by Hollow-cone Illumination with Annular Pupil to Obtain Potential Projected Images for STEM Tomography: T. Kawasaki1, T. Matsutani2, M. Taya3, Y. Kimura3, M. Ichihashi4 and T. Ikuta5; 1Dept. Electrical Eng. and Computer Sci., Nagoya Univ., Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan, 2Kinki University, 3-4-1 Higashiosaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan, 3Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan, 4EcoTopia Science Inst., Nagoya Univ., Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan, 5Osaka Electro-Communication Univ., 18-8 Hatsu-cho, Neyagawa, Osaka, 572-8530, Japan It is demonstrated that focal depth extension technique with annular pupil is useful for the 3D tomography of the scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), in order to take the potential projected images of specimens from many directions. Especially for the Cs-corrected STEM, simulation results represented that the focal depth can be extended to about 100nm with no deterioration of the focused probe size, corresponding to the spatial resolution. I07-14 Quantitative Comparison of the Irradiation Damage Caused by TEM and STEM Tomography in Biological Specimens: Kazuhiro Aoyama1, Ai Hirase2 and Atsuo Miyazawa2; 1FEI Company Japan Ltd. Application Laboratory, NSS-II Bldg F, 2-13-34 Kohnan, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-0075, Japan, 2 Bio-multisome Research Team, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Harima Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan In STEM application for biological specimens, specimen damage due to a convergent electron beam is considered to be the most serious problem. Therefore, in this study, the irradiation damage caused by TEM- and STEM tomography in biological specimens was quantitatively compared. I07-15 I-07) Electron Holography Organized by Jun-Mo Yang and Tsukasa Hirayama Room 401 09:20 ~ 11:55 Chair: Jun-Mo Yang 09:20-09:50 Invited Electron Holographic Dopant Profiling in Compound Semiconductors: Tsukasa Hirayama1, Hirokazu Sasaki2, Kazuo Yamamoto1, Takeharu kato1; 1Nanostructures Research Laboratory, Japan Fine Ceramics Center, Nagoya, 55 456-8587, Japan, 2Yokohama R&D Laboratory, Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd, Yokohama, 220-0073, Japan A GaAs model sample for transmission electron microscopy observation was thinned down to a thickness of 300nm in the FIB system. Then, both top and bottom surfaces of the specimen were milled by a low energy Ar ion beam. In the phase profile obtained by electron holography, the potential drop between 10E19 cm-3 and 10E18 cm-3 layers or that between 10E18 cm-3 and 10E17 cm-3 layers are clearly distinguished. This type of measurement is very useful for the development of compound semiconductor devices such as light-emitting diodes, laser diodes, and high-power high-speed electrical devices. I07-17 was applied, the magnetic fields leaking from the pole tips as well as the detailed magnetic flux distribution inside them were visualized for the first time. The observations have revealed that electron holography provides useful information for understanding the magnetic characteristics of nanosized pole tips for perpendicular recording heads. I07-19 10:25-10:40 Coffee break Chair: Takayoshi Tanji ORAL THURSDAY 09:50-10:10 Electron Holography of Hetero-Interfaces between Metals and Solid Ionic Conductors: T. Tanji,1 H. Moritomo1, M. Abe1, S. Mizuno1, T. Kato2 and T. Hirayama2; 1EcoTopia Science Institute, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan, 2Nanostructures Research Laboratory, Fine Ceramics Center, Nagoya, Japan In order to solve the overpotential problem of a solid oxide fuel cells, which reduces an out-put voltage from the value in a stable state as an out-put current is increased, electrostatic potentials at the interface of an oxide ionic conductor, gadoliniumdoped ceria, and platinum electrode are measured in 2-dimensions by applying an external electric field. Electric double layers and inhomogeneous oxygen anion distributions are observed clearly by in-situ electron holography. The width of electric double layers are 1 – 3 nm, and relaxation lengths are around 20 nm on the cathode side and 6 nm on the anode side. I07-18 10:10-10:25 Magnetization Process in Writer Pole Tips for Perpendicular Recording Head Studied by Electron Holography: J.J. Kim1, K. Hirata2,3, Y. Ishida2, D. Shindo4, M. Takahashi5 and A. Tonomura1; 1Initial Research Project, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, c/o Hitachi Advanced Research Laboratory, Akanuma 2520, Hatoyama, Saitama 350-0395, Japan, 2Head Business Group, TDK Corporation, 543 Otai Saku-shi, Nagano 385-8555, Japan, 3 Department of Electric Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan, 4Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, 5The New Industry Creation Hatchery Center, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan Electron holographic observations were performed in order to clarify the magnetic domain structures in nanosized pole tips for perpendicular recording heads made from Ni-Fe. While an external magnetic field 56 10:40-10:55 Precise Measurement of Thickness and Electrical Potential Distribution in Organic Multilayered Films in AMOLED Device using TEM Techniques: Y.-G. Park1, Jung-Un Kim1, Moon-Soon Kim1, Alexander Tikhonovsky1, Na-Ri Ahn1, Yoon-Su Lee1, Jae-Hak Lee1, Kazuo Yamamoto2, Takeharu Kato2 and Tsukasa Hirayama2; 1CRD Analysis Team, Samsung SDI, 508, Sungsung-dong, Cheonan-si, 330-300 Korea, 2Materials R&D Laboratory, JFCC, 2-4-1 Mutsuno, Atsuta-ku, Nagoya, 456-8587 Japan This article demonstrates transmission electron microscopy (TEM), i.e., Lorentz microscopy and electron holography, for measuring thickness and electrical potential difference in organic multi-layers of AMOLED. Lorentz microscopy with the Fresnel mode clearly presents all interface positions, and using phase-shifting electron holography the electrical potential has been successfully mapped in the entire stack of organic multi-layers for the first time. I07-20 10:55-11:10 Electron Holography of Voids Morphology in the Fe-40wt%Ni Alloy: U. Shaislamov4, J.-M. Yang1, J.H. Yoo1, J. Yoo 2, D.-H. Yoo 2, K. Shin2, Y.S. Na3, K.S. Cho3, J. Lee 3 and B. Yang4; 1 New Technology & Analysis Division, National Nanofab Center, Daejeon 305-806, Korea, 2Department of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Changwon National University, Changwon, Gyeongnam 641-773, Korea, 3Korea Institute of Materials Science, Changwon, Kyungnam 641-010, Korea, 4Department of Information and Nanomaterials Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi, Gyeongbuk 730-701, Korea In this study, we briefly report the precise morphology investigation for voids within the Fe-40wt%Ni alloy by the electron holography technique. From analysis of the phase shift across the voids, we could obtain the visual information on the morphology of voids. Moreover, obtained thickness profiles of the voids allow to quantitatively measure the depth and width of the voids. The obtained results are very important for further investigations of voids and defects effect on mechanical properties of the bulk Fe-40wt%Ni alloy. I07-21 11:25-11:55 Invited Electron Holography Observation of AlInGaN/Ga N Heterointerfaces: M. Takeguchi1,2, H. Okuno1,2, K. Mitsuishi2,3, Y. Irokawa5, Y. Sakuma4 and K. Furuya2; 1Nano-characterization Center, National Institute for Materials Science, Japan, 2 High Voltage Electron Microscopy Station, National Institute for Materials Science, Japan, 3Quantum Dot Research Center, National Institute for Materials Science, Japan, 4Semiconductor Material Center, National Institute for Materials Science, Japan We quantitatively characterized an atomic structure, compositional uniformity and charge distribution of 2DEG at the AlInGaN/GaN quantitatively by high- angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) and electron holography. I07-23 Organized by Yoshizo Takai, Dae-Hong Ko and Ze Zhang Room 401 14:00 ~ 18:10 Chair: Yoshizo Takai 14:00-14:30 Invited Dynamic Transmission Electron Microscopy: Studying Irreversible Transient Phenomena on the Nanosecond and Nanometer Scale: N.D. Browning1,2, G.H. Campbell1, J.S. Kim1, 2, W.E. King1, T.B. LaGrange1, B.W. Reed1 and M.L. Taheri1; 1MS&T Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA, 2Dept. Chem. Eng. & Materials Science, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA. The potential for direct high spatial resolution imaging with ultrafast time resolution has recently been demonstrated in the dynamic transmission electron microscope (DTEM). The high temporal resolution is achieved in the DTEM by using a short pulse laser to create the pulse of electrons by photoemission. Another advantage of the DTEM configuration is that the specimen drive laser can be used for in-situ materials processing. The use of the laser for fast heating of the specimen presents differences and several advantages over conventional resistive heating in-situ TEM ?nbsp;such as the ability to drive the sample into non-equilibrium states. The operation of the DTEM, its potential future spatial and temporal resolution and examples of materials applications will be presented. I06-01 ORAL THURSDAY 11:10-11:25 Two-dimensional Dopant Profile Measurement with Back-side Ion Milled Specimen by Electron Holography: J.H. Yoo1, J.-M. Yang ,1 U. Shaislamov 1, K.-J. Park 1, W.-J. Hwang1 and D. Shindo2; 1New Technology & Analysis Division, National Nanofab Center, Daejeon 305-806, Korea, 2Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Sendai 9808577, Japan The visualization of two-dimensional dopant profiles and the quantitative analysis of the built in potential, ΔVp-n, by electron holography were carried out with back-side ion milled specimens. From the quantitative analysis using the phase information of electron holography, ΔVp-n was estimated to be about 0.78 V assuming the thickness of the dead layer on both surfaces was 50 nm, which was to show the difference of within 12% from the calculated value. It demonstrates that the back-side ion milling method is very promising specimen preparation technique for the reliable and quantitative analysis of dopant profiling with electron holography. I07-22 I-06) In-situ Dynamics in TEM and SEM 14:30-14:45 Plumbing Carbon Nanotubes: Chuanhong Jin, Kazu Suenaga and Sumio Iijima; Research Center for Advanced Carbon Materials, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, 305-8565 Japan In this talk, we will present our efforts and results on plumbing carbon nanotubes by means of in situ high resolution transmission electron microscopy. I06-02 14:45-15:00 In-situ Observation of Structural and Electrical Change of Resistive Switching Materials Using Electrically Biased TEM Holder: Dong-Su Ko, Sung-Dae Kim, Tae-Young Ahn, Kyung Min Kim, Cheol Seong Hwang and Young-Woon Kim; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National 57 University, San 56-1 Sillim 9-dong Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-744, Korea In-situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) became one of the major fields in physics and materials science as the advanced technologies were adopted to observe real-time changes of microstructures in a confined space of TEM. We developed an in-situ TEM holder to investigate the live operation of electronic devices and we present step-by-step manufacturing procedures of nano-manipulator-electrical signal holder applied to investigate the mechanism of phase changing and transport of matters in resistive switching materials such as transition metal oxide I06-03 (TiO2, NiO) and chalcogenide thin film. thickness in Co/Al foils will be presented. The data will reveal the variations in phase formation/ separation morphology as well as highlight the relationship between bilayer thickness and reaction front velocity. I06-05 15:45-16:00 In-situ High Resolution TEM Techniques for Synthesis and Characterization of Catalysts: T. Kamino, T. Yaguchi, A. Watabe, Y. Nagakubo and T. Sato; Hitachi High-Technologies Corp., 882 Ichige, Hitachinaka-shi, Ibaraki, 312-0057 Japan High resolution TEM equipped with a gasinjection specimen heating holder and its application is discussed. I06-06 Chair: Nigel Browning ORAL THURSDAY 15:00-15:30 Invited Dynamic TEM Observation of Graphite Formation using Transition Metal Oxide Nanocatalysts: Y. Takai, T. Yahiro and T. Kida; Department of Material and Life Science; Graduate School of Engineering; Osaka University; 2-1 Yamada-oka; Suita, Osaka 565-0871; Japan Processes of graphite formation from an amorphous carbon thin film using transition metal oxide nanocrystals were observed on an atomic scale in situ by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) at high temperatures. The nanocrystals changed into a liquid-like phase at 600-800℃, the particles moved around on the film while absorbing amorphous carbon and forming graphite films with highly (001) orientation on its trace. The dynamic observation indicates that the graphite sheets are formed not on the topmost surface of the particle, but a few atomic layers beneath the surface. I06-04 15:30-15:45 Dynamic Phase Formation in Reactive Nanolaminates using Nanosecond in situ TEM: J.S. Kim,1,2 T.B. LaGrange1, B.W. Reed1, N.D. Browning1,2 and G. H. Campbell1; 1Materials Science and Technology Division, Chemistry, Materials, Earth, and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA 94550, USA, 2Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA. A single pulse of several million photoemitted electrons is used in the Dynamic TEM for direct observation of irreversible, transient phenomena in reactive nanolaminates. Using this method, 10 ns time-resolution can be achieved to observe the dynamic intermetallic formation reaction revealing unique morphological features of instability at the reaction front. A comparative study of varied stoichiometry in NiV/Al foils and varied bilayer 58 16:00-16:20 Coffee break Chair: Dong-Ik Kim 16:20-16:50 Invited In Situ TEM Observation of Strain-Induced Large Strain Plasticity of Amorphous Materials at Nano-Scale: Ze Zhang, Kun Zheng, Yuefei Zhang and Xiaodong Han; Institute of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Beijing University of Technology, Pingle Yuan 100#, Chaoyang District Beijing, 100124, Beijing, China At nano-scale, materials can exhibit different properties with their bulks’, such as mechanical properties, electrical properties and thermal properties. By using new TEM manipulative technique, one dimensional materials can be bent and pulled in situ in an ultra-high resolution TEM. During the bending or tensile processes, strain-induced plasticity of amorphous materials has been directly observed at atomic scale at nearly room temperature. In this paper, we report the in situ observation of large strain plasticity of SiC nanowires and Si nanowires. The large strain plasticity mainly results from their amorphous structure rather than their crystalline counterparts. The large strain plasticity of these nano amorphous materials is suggested to derive from the high volume surface ratio of the nanomaterials. The high volume surface ratio makes it possible that the amorphous flow could happen at a temperature far below their glassy transition temperature Tg through surface atomic diffusion process. I06-07 16:50-17:05 In-situ Observation of Dislocation Plasticity of Al Submicro-crystal Deforming under Uniform Tension: Sang Ho Oh1,2, Marc Legros3, Daniel Kiener1 and Gerhard Dehm1; 1Erich Schmid Institute of Materials Science, Austrian Academy of Sciences and Department Materials Physics, Montanuniversität Leoben, Jahnstr. 12, 8700 Leoben, Austria, 2 Division of Electron Microscopic Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, 52 Eoeun-dong, Daejeon 305-333, Korea, 3CEMES-CNRS, 29 rue Jeanne Marvig, 31055 Toulouse, France Dislocation-based crystal plasticity at the submicrometer length scale was observed directly by in-situ TEM straining of a FIB-machined Al submicro-crystal. Major deformation mechanisms identified are the formation of nanometer-sized faulted dislocation loops at the initial stage of deformation and the dislocation emission by the operation of single-pinned sources governing the plastic flow regime. The lengths of dislocation sources operated in the submicro-crystal were shorter than in the continuous Al film. Upon generation, the dislocations propagate and eventually escape the crystal at a rate comparable to the nucleation rate, so that the dislocation density remained statically constant throughout the deformation. I06-08 Chair: Ze Zhang 17:20-17:35 Oxidation Behavior during the First Stage of Oxidation in Metallic Interconnects for SOFC Application: Dong-Ik Kim1, Seung Hee Hong1,2, Heung Nam Han2, Phaniraj P Madakashira1 and Young Whan-Cho1; 1Materials Science and Technology Division, Korean Institute of Science and Technology, 136-791 Seoul, Korea, 2School of Materials Science 17:35-17:50 A Review of In-Situ Electron Backscattered Diffraction Observations of Evolving Polycrystalline Microstructures: S. I. Wright and M. N. Nowell; EDAX-TSL, 392 E 12300 S, Suite H, Draper, UT 84020, USA With the increase of collection speed achieved by modern EBSD system, EBSD has becomase a potential tool for the study of the orientation aspects in polycrystalline materials under various dynamic processes. This paper reviews the application of EBSD to dynamic in-situ studies performed with heating and deformation stages in the SEM. Examples will be shown detailing in-situ phase transformation, recrystallization and grain growth, tensile deformation and creep and what insights were gleaned from the measurements. I06-11 17:50-18:10 Invited Recent Developments of In Situ Hrem for Material Reactions: R. Sinclair, K. H. Min, S. Kang, K. H. Kim and H. J. Jung; Development of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4034, USA The development of in situ high resolution electron microscopy, from a means to directly observe reactions at the atomic scale in materials to being a real quantitative tool, is now well-documented. In this paper, we describe recent applications of this approach, particularly for investigating the behavior of possible materials for future silicon-based transistors. The kinetics and mechanism of crystallization in a candidate high-k dielectric metal oxide will be documented and the extension to use the FIB-TEM combination in order to probe the electrical properties of individual crystals is established. Reactions in possible future gate metals will be shown, particularly the formation of NiSi and the consequences of the breakdown of I06-14 the thin SiO2 gate oxide. ORAL THURSDAY 17:05-17:20 Nucleation and Growth of Carbon Nanotubes from Nanoparticle Catalysts Observed by a Newly Developed High Resolution Environmental Transmission Electron-Microscope: S. Takeda1, H. Yoshida1, H. Kohno1 and Y. Homma2; 1Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Oaska 560-0043, Japan, 2Department of Physics, Tokyo University of Science, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan Utilizing the ETEM, we have observed the nucleation and growth of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) at the atomic scale. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are one of the promising nanomaterials for future nanotechnology. Nevertheless, no one has yet grown CNTs of specific electronic property selectively that is needed for actual electronic application. A crucial key to control the growth is to elucidate the nucleation and growth mechanism of CNTs at the atomic scale. We have already observed the unexpected motion of CNTs by using the ETEM. I06-09 and Engineering, Seoul National University, 151-742 Seoul, Korea Metallic interconnects development for SOFC application requires complex properties of oxidation resistance, high conductivity, and chemical stability (low volatility) at 650-850℃ for long term operation. But the oxidation behavior of metallic interconnects has not fully understood especially during the first stage of oxidation. The phase and orientation of oxide layer of metallic interconnects was analyzed by EBSD. It was revealed that the oxidation kinetics of metallic interconnects was different in each grain, and it is strongly related to the orientation and stored energy of metallic interconnects matrix. I06-10 59 M-01) Nanometer-sized Materials: Dots. Particles Wires, Tubes and Fiber Organized by Cheol-Woong Yang Room 303 09:20 ~ 12:05, 14:00 ~ 17:30 Chairs: M.H. Jo, T. Kawasaki and C. Pan 09:20-09:50 Invited TEM Investigation of Au-based Heterostructureral Nanocrystals and Their Spectroscopy Property: S.Y. Zhang, J. Zeng and X.P. Wang; Hefei National Laboratory for physical Science at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China. This paper reports the preparation of Au-based heterostructural nanocrystals including CdSe-Au, PbSe-Au, FePt-Au, Cu2O-Au and FePt-CdS-Au from different precursor nanocrystals. Based on the investigations of TEM and HRTEM, a formation mechanism of the heterostructures has been proposed. The heterostructural nanocrystals exhibited news physical properties due to the coupling effect of conjuctive parts. The method of the specimen preparation provides a simple route to a variety of building blocks for multicomponent nanocrystals with multiple structures and coupling functions in nanotechnology. M01-01 ORAL THURSDAY 60 09:50-10:05 Dynamic Observation of Nano-particulate Gold Catalysts under Reaction and Non-reaction Conditions by Environmental-cell TEM: T. Kawasaki1,2, H. Hasegawa1 and T. Tanji3; 1Dept. Electrical Eng. and Computer Sci., Nagoya Univ., Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan, 2PRESTO-JST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan, 3EcoTopia Science Inst., Nagoya Univ., Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan The surface structure of catalytic gold nanoparticles was observed dynamically during CO oxidation and non-reaction under nitrogen-gas environmet using an environmental-cell transmission electron microscope (E-cell TEM) system. In the developed system, the gold catalyst specimen can be set under the gas condition by separating it from the vacuum using ultra-thin carbon films. The films used are specially developed with high toughness and anti-oxidative property. About 10nm thick films, less than half of conventional ones, enabling to withstand more than atmospheric pressure were achieved. Dyanamic observations using the above system indicated marked changes in the surface shape of the gold nano-particle catalyst during the reaction. On the other hand, no shape changes were observed under nitrogen-gas condition. These results proved that alterations of gold particles were caused by the catalytic reaction. M01-02 10:05-10:20 Preparing Metallic Nanostructures in a Transmiss ion Electron Microscope: Zongwen Liu, Rongkun Zheng and Simon P. Ringer; Australian Key Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia Metallic nanostructures represent an emerging class of nanomaterials that promise broad applications owing to their unique optical, electronic, magnetic and catalytic properties. In this paper we demonstrate a one-step procedure for preparing metal and alloy nanostructures of varying shapes through vapour deposition in high vacuum. The nanostructures prepared through in this way are free of any surface contaminants. This vacuum vapour deposition approach is based on the early finding that under very low pressure metals such as Cu, Ag and Au start to evaporate at temperatures that are far below their melting points. The metal vapour tends to re-deposit on a substrate and grows into nanoparticles, nanorods and nanowires. M01-03 10:20-10:35 Quantitatively Exploring the Mechanical Behavior of Nanometer-sized Materials: Z.W. Shan1,2, A.M. Minor1, S.A.S. Af 2 and O.L. Warren2; 1Hysitron Incorporated, Minneapolis, MN 55344 USA, 2 National Center for Electron Microscopy, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA We recently has developed a unique quantitative in-situ transmission electron microscope (TEM) instrument comprised of a miniature capacitive transducer (capable of electrostatic actuation and capacitive displacement sensing) incorporated into a TEM holder. This new instrument provides an unprecedented ability to quantitatively measure the force vs. displacement relationship associated with the induced deformation while simultaneously observing the resulting microstructure evolution. In this work, we report the current progress in applying this unique device on nanometer sized materials, which include single crystalline Ni pillars and nanocrystalline CdS hollow spheres. The physical insight derived from the novel findings suggests that this quantitative in situ TEM device is an irreplaceable, powerful tool for exploring the unique mechanical properties of nanometer sized materials. M01-04 10:35-10:50 Coffee break 10:50-11:05 In Situ Study on the Mechanical Properties of Individual Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes: X. L. Wei, Q. Chen, Y. Liu, M. S. Wang and L. -M. Peng; Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China M01-05 11:05-11:20 One-Dimensional Carbon Nanomaterials from Ethanol Flames: A Review: C. Pan1,2, X. Qi1 and Z. Jun1; 1Department of Physics and Key Laboratory of Acoustic and Photonic Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China The present contribution provide a comprehensive review in the one-dimensional (1D) carbon nanomaterials (including carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and carbon nanofibers (CNFs)) from ethanol flames and summarizes valuable achievements in our group with respect to their synthesis, microstructures, growth mechanism, properties, well-aligned controlment and fabrication of 1D junction carbon nanostructures. M01-06 11:35-11:50 Characterized Pt/Carbon Onion Fullerenes from Deoiled Asphalt: Xiaomin Wang 2, Wen Du 1, Guo Junjie1 and Bingshe Xu2; 1College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China, 2Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced ORAL THURSDAY 11:20-11:35 Motions of Single Organic Molecule Loosely Attached to Carbon Nanotube Under Electron Irradiation: M. Koshino1, K. Suenaga2 and E. Nakamura1,3; 1ERATO-JST, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan., 2Research Centre for Advanced Carbon Materials, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan. 3Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan We report that time-dependent, near-atomic resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has successfully imaged various types of single organic molecules such as hydrocarbon, amide bond and aromatic ring either by confining or attached to carbon nanotubes. In addition, the motion analysis of such molecules enables us to investigate the interaction of molecules with neiboring molecules or with surrounded environment. We discuss what structural changes or what energy source have affected on the motions of molecules by the experiment at 293 K and 4K. M01-07 Materials of Taiyuan University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan 030024, China Onion-like fullerenes (OLFs) has become a novel carbon material since the discoveries of C60 and carbon nanotubes (CNTs)[1-2]. Although it has been expected that the OLFs can be employed as a good support for catalysts due to its good corrosion resistance[3-4], high conductivity, relatively large specific surface area and other properties, such reports are rather few. In the paper, onion-like Fullerenes (OLFs) were prepared by CVD method and purified and functionalized by nitric acid treatment. 20 wt.% Pt/OLFs and Pt/Vulcan XC-72 catalysts were prepared by the impregnationreduction method with formaldehyde as the reductive; and the morphology and structure were characterized by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and others; the perfomancee of catalysts were characterized by electrochemical experiments. The results shows that after acid treatment the graphitization of OLFs improves, most of Fe particles are removed and carbonyl, hydroxy, carboxyl groups are involved onto OLFs, which not only increase water solubility of OLFs, but also supply the nucleation point on OLFs for Pt particles. The Pt/OLFs shows the characteristic diffraction peaks of a Pt fcc structure. The Pt nanoparticles are highly dispersed on OLFs and have an average diameter of 3.05 nm, compared to 4.10 nm on Vulcan XC-72. The Pt/OLFs contained mostly Pt0, with traces of Pt2＋ and Pt4＋. The real surface area of Pt on the Pt/OLFs is larger than Pt/XC-72 due to its smaller average particle size. The catalytic activity of the Pt/OLFs catalysts for methanol electro-oxidation, as measured by cyclic voltammetrys is evaluated from the peak current value at around 0.78V, and outperformed the Pt/Vulcan XC-72 by about 20%. HCHO exhibits such an important reducing effect in the process of reduction of Pt4+ to Pt0 that Pt/OLFs with complete structure, good dispersion, and a diameter of 2.5–3.5 nm can be prepared only using excess of HCHO as the reductive. M01-08 11:50-12:05 Nano Manipulation and Characterization for Graphene Sheet: Seongyong Park and Moon J. Kim; Department of Material Science and Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Road, RL 10 Richardson, Texas 75080, U.S.A. Recently, single to few layers of carbon sheets (graphenes) have emerged as a promising candidate for nano electric devices. In order to clarify the intrinsic properties of graphene associated with the unique nanostructure and to utilize it as a device, nano manipulation and HRTEM observation were 61 performed. Changes of the physical structure and electrical properties will be discussed. M01-09 12:05-13:00 Lunch 13:00-14:00 Poster Presentation (1st Floor) Chairs: H. K. Cho and Y. Oshima ORAL THURSDAY 14:00-14:30 Invited Self-organized Growth of Ge Nanowires from NiCu Alloy Thin Films: Kibum Kang, Dong An Kim, Gil-Ho Gu, Chan Gyung Park and Moon-Ho Jo; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), San 31, Hyoja-Dong, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyungbuk 790-784, Korea We report self-organized growth of singlecrystalline Ge nanowires on NiCu alloy thin films, using GeH4 precursors. Specifically, by extensive transmission electron microscopy studies, it is found that the thermal decomposition of GeH4 precursor at 275℃ on NiCu alloy films of 80 nm in thickness promotes the self-organization of Cu3Ge phases at the nanometer scale within the NiCu matrix, and later catalytically and area-selectively decomposesby Cu3Ge nanocrystals to crystallize into single-crystalline Ge nanowires. We argue that our simple growth scheme, employing metal alloy films as the seed layers, suggest practical implications for the large-area growth of semiconductor nanowires. M01-10 14:30-14:45 TEM Observation of Transfer of a Single Carbon Fullerene: Y. Oshima1,2, Y. Kurui3 and K. Takayanagi1,3; 1Dept. Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, J1-3, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8502 Japan, 2 PRESTO-JST, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan. 3 Dept. Cond. Matt. Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Oh-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551 Japan M01-11 14:45-15:00 HRTEM Characterization of Bi2Fe4O9 Nanowires Synthesized by Microwave-assisted Hydrothermal Method: HE Kai, ZHU Jian-min and ZHU Xin-hua; National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 62 210093, China M01-12 15:00-15:15 Electron-irradiation-induced Silicide Formation on Pt/SiOx Hybrid Materials: J.-G. Lee1, C.-J. Choi1 and H. Mori2; 1Department of Powder Materials, Korea Institute of Materials, Korea, 2 Research Center for Ultra-High Voltage Electron Microscopy, Osaka University, Japan A series of in situ TEM experiments to study the electron irradiation effect on silicon oxide (SiOx) films where Pt nanoparticles were placed (hereafter, Pt/SiOx) has been carried out. It was found that alpha-Pt2Si was formed on Pt nanoparticles with increasing dose of 200 keV electrons at ambient temperature. The silicide formation was confirmed to take place also at 93K. The silicide, alpha-Pt2Si, formed here was the same phase that was predicted as “the first phase” forming at the interface between Si and Pt in the effective heat of formation model by Pretorius and was in fact observed to form at the interface by conventional heat treatment. The rate of silicide formation under electron-irradiation increased with decreasing energy of incident electrons. This fact indicates that the electronic excitation rather than the knock-on displacement associated with electronirradiation plays an essential role in the radiationinduced silicide formation. It was also found that the silicide formed had a crystallographic orientation relationship of (001)Pt//(001)Pt2Si and［110］Pt//［110］ Pt2Si, with the Pt nanoparticle. Based upon these experimental results, the mechanism behind the electron-irradiation-inducedsilicide formation in the Pt nanoparticles/amorphous SiOx composite will be discussed. M01-13 15:15-15:30 Fabrications and Characterization of Novel ZnSe Nanostructures: Lei Jin1, Jianbo Wang1, 1 Shuangfeng Jia , Yu Liu1, Guangyi Cao1 and Wallace C. H. Choy2; 1Department of Physics and Center for Electron Microscopy, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China., 2Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China Novel ZnSe nanostructures including nanowheels, nanospirals and bicrystal nanobelts have been fabricated and investigated by combinations of various SEM and TEM techniques. The nanowheels are composed of structural perfect base with metastble wurtzite phase and the laterally extended tooth-like patterns. The nanospirals exhibit unconventional mosaic configurations with zinc blende structured blocks compartmentalized by planar defects and associated partial dislocations. The bicrystal nanobelts form by introducing {113} twinning to connect the component nanoplates, each of which is concurrently filled numerous nanoscale <111> twinning lamellas. Based on the structural characterizations, the formation mechanisms are proposed for these nanostructures. M01-14 15:30-15:45 A Generic Approach for Embedded CatalystSupported Vertically-Aligned Nanowire Growth: Hee-Suk Chung1, Seul Cham Kim1, Ji Woo Kim1, Sang Hoon Lee1, Yeongwoong Jung2, Tyler Jacob Zimmerman2, Ritesh Agarwal2 and Kyu Hwan Oh2; 1 Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ku Gwanak-ro 599, Seoul, Korea, 2Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA M01-15 16:00-16:15 Coffee break Chair: J.G Lee 16:15-16:45 Invited Growth and Microstructural Characterization of 1D and Multidimensional ZnO Nanostructures: H. K. Cho1, D.C. Kim1, D.J. Park2 and J.Y. Lee2; 1 School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, 16:45-17:00 Growth Characteristics of Iron Silicide on Si Surface with and without Electron Beam by UHV Electron Microscopy: K. Furuya, M. Tanaka, M. Han, F. Chu, M. Takeguchi and K. Mitsuishi; National Institute for Materials Science, 3-13 Sakura, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0003, Japan Transition metal silicide-silicon systems have been investigated extensively for both technological and scientific reasons. Most silicides are metallic and thus are used for contacts, gates, etc. But some silicides such as Fe-silicides are semiconducting and are potential candidates for silicon-based optoelectronic devices or thermoelectric materials. However, their structures and properties at the early stage of their growth have not been resolved well yet. In the present work, we report the characteristics of small Fe-silicide islands formed epitaxially on Si(111) with and without electron beam irradiation by ultrahigh vacuum transmission electron microscopy (UHV-TEM) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). M01-18 17:00-17:15 The Synthesis and Characterization of Titanium Oxide Nanotubes: Chih-Hao Lee1, H.W. Chang2, Y.H. Huang1, Y.C. Cheng2 and C.H. Lin2; 1Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan., 2Department of Chemistry, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, Taiwan In this work, we prepare TiO2 nanotubes in a large quantity by treating the TiO2 anatase powder with NaOH solution for several days at 110℃. SEM and TEM were used to image the morphology of the samples during the nanotube growth. The detailed structure of this nanotube was also measured by XRD and EXAFS (Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure) to show the long range and short range order of the structures. M01-19 ORAL THURSDAY 15:45-16:00 High Energy-resolution EELS Studies on Plasmon Excitations of LaB6 and Cs0.33WO3 Particles by Using a Monochromator Transmission Electron Microscope: Y. Sato,1 M. Terauchi,1 M. Mukai,2 T. Kaneyama2 and K. Adachi3; 1Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, 2JEOL Ltd., 3-1-2 Musashino, Akishima, Tokyo 196-8558, Japan, 3Ichikawa Research Laboratories, Sumitomo Metal Mining Co. Ltd., 3-18-5 Nakakokubun, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-8588 Japan Electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) spectra of single particles of lanthanum hexaboride (LaB6) and cesium-doped tungsten trioxide (Cs0.33WO3) were measured in the near infrared region using a monochromator transmission electron microscope. Peak energies of the EELS spectra in the near infrared region were corresponding to surface plasmon energies of sphere particles. These energies also correspond to the dipole scattering of electromagnetic waves by a fine metallic particle, named as Mie scattering. It is suggested that an optical absorption energy of metallic nanoparticles can be derived from a carrier plasmon energy of the material. M01-16 Sungkyunkwan University, 300 Cheoncheon-dong, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 440-746, Korea, 2 Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 373-1 Gusong-dong, Yusong-gu, Daejon 305-701, Korea M01-17 17:15-17:30 Perovskite Single-crystalline Lead Titanate Nanowires Synthesized by Microwave-hydrothermal Methods and Structural Characterization: Xinhua Zhu, Junyi Wang, Zhenghai Zhang, Jianmin Zhu, Shunhua Zhou, Zhiguo Liu and Naiben Ming; National Laboratory of State Microstructures, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 63 210093, P.R. China In this work, we report on the synthesis and microstructure of tetragonal body-centered-type (also named as PX-phase) PbTiO3 (PT) nanowires with acicular morphology, diameter sizes of 40 - 60 nm and lengths up to several micrometers. The PX-phase PT nanowires synthesized by microwave-hydrothermal process, tend to grow into a regular structure with parallel arrangement along their long axis in the [001] direction. The selected area electron diffraction patterns reveal that the PX-phase PT has a 3-fold modulated periodicity along the [110] direction, and 4-fold modulated periodicity in the [001] direction, respectively. This result is confirmed by highresolution TEM images. M01-20 M-11) Applications to Materials science and Engineering Organized by Chan Gyung Park Room Samda1 09:20 ~ 12:05, 14:00 ~ 16:45 Chairs: C.G. Park and T. Tanaka ORAL THURSDAY 64 09:20-09:50 Invited The Study of Grooves: CB Carter, S Bhowmick, JP Winterstein, JL Riesterer and J Basu; Chemical, Materials & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT M11-01 09:50-10:05 Direct Imaging of Dopant Atoms at Dislocation Core in W-doped NbSi2: Y. Maemura,1 E. Abe,1 K. Hagiwara,2 T. Nakano2 and Y. Umakoshi2; 1Department of Materials Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, 2Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Osaka University, Japan We investigate the dislocation core structure of the W-doped NbSi2 using scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), particularly focusing on distribution of W around the dislocations. We perform a unique angle-resolved STEM imaging, which provides simultaneous imaging both HAADF/LAADF. It is found that the brightest column appears to be different sites around the partial dislocation cores between the HAADF and LAADF; that is, these sites definitely reveals different angeldependence of the contrast. On this basis, it is evident that the brightest contrast in HAADF is (mostly) due to chemical Z-contrast representing doped W atoms, and the brightest LAADF contrast at its neighbor sites is mostly caused by Debye-Waller contrast of distorted-columns. From the angleresolved STEM imaging, we can clearly identify the doped heavy atom positions, even at significantly strained regions. M11-02 10:05-10:20 Electron Microscopic Investigations on Relaxor Ferro-electrics Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 and Pb(Mg1/3 Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3: Jing Zhu1, Shu Miao1, H.Z. Jin1, Hui Wang1, Ning Lu1 and X.W. Zhang2; 1Beijing National Center for Electron Microscopy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China, 1Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China, 2State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China Relaxor ferroelectrics Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 (PMN) and Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-xPbTiO3 (PMN-PT) are composed of nanodomains. Nano-beam electron diffracttion (NBD) and energy dispersion spectrum (EDS) are used to claim the random site model in PMN, there exists large composition fluctuation of Mg/Nb ratio across the interface between ordered domain and disordered matrix, and the fluctuation is stronger in the interface. The convergent beam electron diffraction (CBED) was used to determine that the monoclinic Mc phase in PMN-PT is composed of hierarchical micro/nano-domain structure. The Mc phase is tetragonal in nanometer scale while appears as monoclinic symmetry in micrometer scale due to an average effect. M11-03 10:20-10:35 Structural Characterization of Metastable Iron Silicides Formed in the Fe Ion Implanted Si: M. Naito and M. Ishimaru; Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan Thermal annealing-induced recrystallisation in Fe ion-implanted Si was investigated by transmission electron microscopy. Si(111) substrates were implanted with 120keV Fe ions to a fluence of 1.0×1017/cm2 at cryogenic temperature. A buried amorphous Fe-Si layer in an amorphous Si matrix was formed in the as-implanted sample. Nanobeam electron diffraction revealed that metastable alpha-FeSi2 precipitates, which have observed previously only in epitaxiallygrown thin films, embedded in the amorphous Si matrix were formed after annealing at 350°C for 8h. Based on the Fe1-xSi (0<x<0.5) phase with the CsCl structure, we discuss the formation process of the metastable alpha-FeSi2 in the amorphous matrix. M11-04 10:35-10:50 Coffee break 10:50-11:20 Invited Principle and Applications of the 3d Atom Porbe Tomography: B. Deconihout, F. Vurpillot, E. Cadel, A. Vella, A. Bostel and D. Blavette; Groupe de Physique des Matériaux UMR CNRS 6634, Université de ROUEN, 76801 Saint Etienne du M11-05 11:20-11:35 Atom Probe Analysis on the Distribution of Alloy Elements in C-Mn-Si TRIP Steels: N.S. Lim1, J.S. Kang1 and C.G. Park1, 2; 1Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang Univ. of Sci. & Tech. (POSTECH), San 31, Hoyjadong, Namgu, Pohang, 790-784, Korea, 2National Center for Nanomaterials Technology, POSTECH, San 31, Hoyjadong, Namgu, Pohang, 790-784, Korea In this study, correlation between alloy segregation and microstructure was investigated in thermomechanically processed C-Mn-Si transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) steels, alloyed with P, Al, Ti and N. The microstructures of TRIP steels were investigated by using a laser assisted wide angle tomographic atom probe (LAWATAP). Through these analysis techniques, the advanced characteristics of constituent micro- structure in TRIP steels were identified. Also, a non- uniform distribution of C, Mn, Ti and B in various phases was observed in atomic scale. M11-06 12:05-13:00 Lunch 13:00-14:00 Poster Presentation (1st Floor) Chairs: T. Hirayama and Jianbo Wang 14:00-14:30 Invited Applications of Electron and Ion Microscopies to Steel Research: J.S. Kang1, Y.S. Yang1, J.B Seol1, N.S. Lim1 and C.G. Park1,2; 1Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, 2National Center for Nanomaterials Technology (NCNT), Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 790-784, Korea M11-09 ORAL THURSDAY 11:35-11:50 TEM Investigation of Structural Evolution of Ni(SO4)0.3(OH)1.4 Nanobelts during Ex-situ Heat Treatment and In-situ Electron Irradiation: Xiaoli Lu1, Jianbo Wang1, Ke Zhang1, Luying Li1, Yiwen Tang2 and Zhiyong Jia2; 1Department of Physics and Center for Electron Microscopy, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China., 2Institute of Nano-Science and Technology, School of Physics and Technology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China The structure and structural evolution of Ni(SO4)0.3(OH)1.4 nanobelts during ex-situ heat treatment and in-situ electron irradiation are investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques mainly including bright-field imaging, selected-area electron diffraction (SAED) combined with kinematic simulations and highresolution TEM. The transformation from Ni(SO4)0.3 (OH)1.4 to NiO can be observed in both cases. With combining the ex-situ and in-situ results, the structural evolution is clarified and further the preliminary structural model of Ni(SO4)0.3(OH)1.4 is proposed based on the observed structural relationship. M11-07 11:50-12:05 Interfacial Structure in Catalyst of Au Nanoparticle on Rutile-TiO2 by Combination of Aberrationcorrected TEM and Gas Inlet TEM Holder: Takayuki Tanaka; Tokyo Institute of Technology Recently atomic structures of Au nanoparticles (NPs) / TiO2 catalyst are discussed in relation to its high catalytic activity [1, 2]. The interfacial atomic structures including light elements (C, N, O) are observed by means of aberration-corrected Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) with high phase contrast. In-situ TEM allows observation of dynamical change of the catalytic structures. We studied the interfacial structures Au NPs on rutile {110} and {100} by aberration-corrected TEM. We also discussed the active sites of catalyst nanoparticles by using a gas inlet holder. M11-08 14:30-14:45 Microstructure of Oxide Scales Thermally Formed on Single Crystal Silicon Carbide: B. Chayasombat1, T. Kato2, Y. Sasaki2, T. Hirayama2, K. Sasaki3 and K. Kuroda3; 1Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan, 2Nanostructures Research Laboratory, Japan Fine Ceramics Center, Nagoya, 456-8587, Japan, 3Department of Quantum Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan We characterized the oxide scales formed on the C-terminated face of single crystal 6H-SiC oxidized at 1473K for 20h in dry oxygen using transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Matted areas and spherulitic features areas were observed by optical microscope. In the matted area, the oxide scale was composed of amorphous silica with uniformed thickness. However, in the spherulitic features area, the oxide scale was not uniform in 65 thickness and consisted of 2 layers of crystalline and amorphous silica. M11-10 14:45-15:00 Effects of Rapic Thermel Annealing on Electrical Conductivity of ZnO Single Nanowire Device Manufactured by FIB: Sang Won Yoon; Korea institute of science and technology, Korea ZnO nanowires are well known as an oxide semiconductor with the wide band-gap of 3.34 eV that has potential applications for transparent electrodes and various gas sensors. To investigate the sensing properties of single ZnO nanowire, we have manufactured the single nanowire sensors using a ZnO nanowire by FIB. Afterward we tried to enhance the electrical conductivity of the sensors by RTA process. In this study, microstructural investigations on the effects of RTA process will be presented. M11-11 ORAL THURSDAY 15:00-15:15 Modulated Crystal Structure of Layered Perovskite Manganites in Charge/Orbital Ordering State: X.Z. Yu1, T. Arima2, Y. Kaneko3, J.P. He3, T. Asaka1, K. Kimoto1, Y. Tokura3 and Y. Matsui1; 1Advanced Electron Microscopy Group, ANCC, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan, 2Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, 3Multiferroic Project, ERATO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan Systematic observation of the modulated crystal structure of Pr1-xCa1+xMnO4 and RE0.5(Ca1-ySry)1.5MnO4 (RE = Pr or Eu) reveals that the modulated vector shows a striking asymmetric behavior as the hole doping x deviates from x = 0.5. On the other hand, the modulated structure is collapsed (1) as the decreasing of doping level x, (2) as the increasing of average ionic radius of A-site cations or (3) as the increasing of the variance in A-site ionic radii. In other words, the CO/OO state in these layered manganites is controlled not only by the doping level but also by the A-site combination. M11-12 15:15-15:30 The Study of Microstructure of Un-doped GaN Film on the Patterned Sapphire Substrate: M.Y. Kim1, H.J. Lee1, J.H. Lee2 and B.K. Kim1; 1Analytical Research Group, Samsung Electro-Mechanics, 314, Meatan 3-Dong, Yeongtong-Gu, Suwon, Gyunggi-Do, Korea, 2Lighting module group, Samsung ElectroMechanics, 314, Meatan 3-Dong, Yeongtong-Gu,Suwon, Gyunggi-Do, Korea The GaN film was grown on hemispherical patterned 66 sapphire to improve the extraction efficiency of light emitting diodes.[1] To study the growth mechanism of GaN film on the patterned sphere, the un-doped GaN films were grown on patterned sapphire by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), growth time 10, 30, 70 minutes respectively. For growth mechanism, we investigated microstructure and growth orientation of GaN film which were different from growth time using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). M11-13 15:30-15:45 Spectrometric Full-color Cathodoluminescence Microscopy for the Analyses of nano-Fabricated Materials: H. Saijo1 and M. Shiojiri2; 1School of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kinki University, 930 Nishimitani, Kinokawa, Wakayama 649-6493, Japan, 2Professor Emeritus of Kyoto Institute of Technology, 1-197 Wakiyama, Emmyoji, Ohyamazaki, Kyoto 618-0091, Japan M11-14 15:45-16:00 Influence of Low Temperature Processing on the Structure, Microstructure and Mechanical Property of Magnesia-Doped Zirconia: Eufrecina B. Bognalbal and Alberto V. Amorsolo, Jr.; Department of Mining, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, 1101 Philippines MgO- doped zirconia was synthesized by solid state method at 1300℃ to 1500℃ for 1h to 6h. The monoclinic ZrO2 phase content for samples sintered at 1500℃ increased with sintering time. This behavior was associated with increase in the thermal decomposition of cubic ZrO2 with prolonged sinterinf. XRD, SEM and SMA results showed mainly monoclic phase with fairly uniform grain size, microcracks and sufrace uplift at 1300℃ and 1400℃ but predominantly cubic phase at 1500℃ with cubic ZrO2 grains much larger than the monoclinic ZrO2 grains. M11-15 16:00-16:15 Optimising Analytical Conditions for the Effective Characterisation and Analysis of Nano-Particles and Thin Films By SEM/EDS: J. Sheffield-Parker1 and S.R. Burgess2; 1Oxford Instruments Pte Ltd, Singapore, 2Oxford Instruments Nanoanalysis, UK The current status of the x-ray microscope at 1B2 beam line of PLS will be introduced. M11-16 16:15-16:30 SEM Study of SnO2 Films Deposited by Spray Pyrolysis: Conclusions for Gas Sensor Application: G. Korotcenkov1,2, V. Brinzari2 and Sang Do Han1,2; 1 Future Fundamental Technology Research Department, Korea Institute of Energy Research, 71-2 Jang-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-343, Korea, 2Technical University of Moldova, Bld. Stefan cel Mare 168, Chisinau, Moldova In this report we present results of structural analysis of SnO2 films deposited by spray pyrolysis. We analyzed the influence of film thickness, parameters of deposition and doping on morphology and grain size of deposited films. Results were obtained using SEM, AFM and XRD methods. As a result of carried out research we established peculiarities of SnO2 film structure important for both the understanding of observed gas sensing effects and the choosing of deposition parameters optimal for gas sensing application. M11-17 M-12 (S1))Memorial Symposium of Professor K. H. Kuo 10:50-11:20 Invited The Fine Structure of Wing Scales of Sasakia Charonda Butterflyand ZnO-based Ultra-violet Light Emitting Diodes: M. Shiojiri; Japan M12-04 11:20-11:40 Role of Interface Energy on the Growth of Epitaxial Semiconductor Nanowires and Their Heterostructures: J. Zou1, M. Paladugu1, X. Zhang1, Y.N. Guo1, Y. Wang1, Y. Kim2, H.J. Joyce3, Q. Gao3, H.H. Tan3 and C Jagadish3; 1Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis and School of Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia, 2Department of Physics, Dong-A University, Hadan-2-dong, Sahagu, Busan 604-714, Korea, 3 Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physical Sciences and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia Since the growth of epitaxial semiconductor nanowires, via the vapor-liquid-solid mechanism, is mediated by the catalysts, it is anticipated that the status of the interface energies between catalyst and the substrate and between catalyst and the nanowire play a key role in the nanowire growth. In this study, through growing InAs/GaAs and GaAs/InAs nanowire heterostructures and growing InAs epitaxial nanowires on the GaAs subtracts, both using Au particles as catalysts, we demonstrate that these interfacial energies have strong influence on the evolution of epitaxial nanowires. M12-05 Chairs: Hu-Chul Lee and Lu Chang Qin 11:40-12:00 Micro-analysis of a Friction-stir Welded Part of 2024 Aluminium Alloy Using EDS and TEM Methods: E. Sukedai, T. Maebara and T. Yokayama; Okayama University of Science, Okayama 700-0005, Okayama, Japan, M12-06 09:20-09:50 Invited Life and Work of Prof. K.H. Kuo: Ze Zhang; China M12-01 12:00-13:00 Lunch Organized by Y.W Kim Room Samda2 09:20 ~ 12:00, 14:30 ~ 18:10 09:50-10:30 Invited Establishment of EM Societies and Cooperative Program in China-Japan-Korea: H. Hashimoto; Japan M12-02 ORAL THURSDAY 16:30-16:45 Carbon Nanotubes from Flames Using Liquid Amine Fuels: L. Liao and C. Pan; Department of Physics and Key Laboratory of Acoustic and Photonic Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China In this work, three new liquid amine fuels were successfully introduced for the first time to synthesis CNTs in flames. And many defective sites were found on the surface of the CNTs synthesized with high graphitic degree of order. With the defective sites on the sidewall, the CNTs should present higher activity than that of pure CNTs with complete graphite structure. Therefore, the introduction of liquid amine fuels in flame will have good potential to directly synthesize the CNTs with preferable graphitic degree of order as well as high chemical activity inclusively. M11-18 10:30-10:50 Microdomains of Decagonal Approximants in Al67Cr15Cu18 Alloy: X. L. Ma; Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenhua Road 72, 110016, Shenyang, China M12-03 13:00-14:00 Poster Presentation (1st Floor) Chairs: X.L. Ma and X.D. Zhou 67 14:30-15:00 Invited In situ TEM Observation of Strain-Induced Large Strain Plasticity of Amorphous Materials at Nano-Scale: Ze Zhang; China M12-07 15:00-15:20 Probing the Electronic Structure of Nanomaterials by Valence Electron Energy Loss spectroscopy: Q. Li; The Chinese University, China M12-08 15:20-15:50 Invited Determining the Chiral Indices of Carbon Nanotubes by Electron Diffraction: Lu-Chang Qin; W.M. Keck Laboratory for Atomic Imaging and Manipulation, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Curriculum in Applied Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3255, USA M12-09 15:50-16:20 Invited Quantitative 3D Precession Electron Diffraction and High Resolution Electron Microscopy: Xiaodong Zou,1,2 Daliang Zhang,1,2 Junliang Sun,1,2 Peter Oleynikov1 and Sven Hovmöller1; 1Structural Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden, 2Berzelii Centre EXSELENT on Porous Materials, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden M12-10 ORAL THURSDAY 16:20-16:40 In-situ TEM Observations of Deformation Processes in Nanostructured Materials and Metallic Glass: M. L. Sui; Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science (SYNL), Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China M12-11 16:40-17:10 Invited Characterization of Semiconductor Nanowires by HRTEM and In-situ TEM: N. Wang; Hong Kong University, China M12-12 17:10-17:30 Electron Irradiation and Thermal-Induced Phase Transformation in a Si-Sb-Te alloy: X.D. Han; Beijing University, China M12-13 17:30-17:50 Combination of Optical Characterization and Electron Microscopy: Min Gao, Wenliang Li, Chengyao Li, Qing Chen and Lian-Mao Peng; Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of 68 Nanodevices and Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China In this paper, we introduce our initial efforts to combine submicron optical techniques and electron microscopy in our pursuit of comprehensive characterizations of individual optoelectronic nanostructures. Optical techniques M12-14 17:50-18:10 Extended Defects and Misfit Accommodation in Epitaxial Ba0.3Sr0.7TiO3 Thin Films Grown on (001) LaAlO3: C.J. Lu1 and L.A. Bendersky2; 1 Laboratory of Fiber Materials and Modern Textile, the Growing Base for State Key Laboratory, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China, 2Metallurgy Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA Epitaxial Ba0.3Sr0.7TiO3 thin film grown on (001)LaAlO3 was investigated by transmission electron microscopy. It was found that many threading discations (TDs) with b = <100> split into two or three partials, while a high density of stacking faults (SFs) with displacement vectors R = 1/2<110> were observed. The atomic structure of the SFs having two edge-sharing TiO6 octahedron layers was suggested according to HREM simulation. Electron spectroscopic imaging shows that the faults are Ti-rich, in support of the structure model. A small amount of excess TiO2 during the film deposition favored the formation of the extended SFs. M12-15 L-06) Cells and Tissues Structures Organized by Eun Soo Kim, Byung-Kap Jeong and Toru Noda Room 301 09:20 ~ 11:45 Chairs: Eun Soo Kim, Byung-Kap Jeong, Jae Hyun Lee, Byoung Soo Chang, InSun Kim and Toru Noda 09:20-09:50 Invited Chytridiomycosis: The Disease, the Fungus and the Role of Electron Microscopy in its Identification and Development of Diagnostic Assays: Alex D. Hyatt and the Cytridiomycosis Group; Australian Animal Health Laboratory (AAHL), CSIRO Livestock Industries, Private Bag 24, Geelong, Victoria 3220 Australia Chytridiomycosis is a deadly disease of amphibians and is caused by a highly infectious fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). The disease is now recognised as a fatal disease of amphibians and is the most common disease of frogs worldwide. It infects two amphibian orders (Anura and Caudata), 14 families and at least 200 species and is responsible for at least one species extinction. Chytridiomycosis is now a notifiable disease by the OIE (International des Epizooties - World Organisation for Animal Health. Member countries are now required to routinely report on the status of this disease in their countries This presentation will describe the search for the aetiological agent and development of assays from a microscopical perspective. It will highlight the use of conventional, immuno- and cryo- transmission and scanning electron microscopy in unraveling the identification of the fungus and the development of internationally validated and accepted diagnostic assays. L06-09 ORAL THURSDAY 09:50-10:05 The Anthelmintic Effect of the Crude Extract of Artocarpus Lakoocha on the Tegumental Surface of Juvenile Fasciola Gigantica: N. Saowakon1, P. Chaichanasak1, C. Wanichanon1, V. Reutrakul2 and P. Sobhon1; 1Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400 Thailand, 2Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400 Thailand. At present, anthelminitic drug resistance has become a serious problem in veterinary medicine therefore novel drugs are urgently required. Several natural bioactive anthelmintic have been report and one finish is the extract of Artocarpus lakoocha, which contains a major chemical, 2,4,3,5tetrahydroxystilbene (THS). This crude extract has been used as traditional medicine for treating tapeworm infections. THS has a halogenated phenol-like group of fasciolicides which has been shown to be reactive against flatworms. As such, we conducted a study to examine the effect of THS on the 3-week-old juvenile flukes by motility assay and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at 3, 6, 12 and 24 h incubations, at the concentration 250 µg/ml of crude extract in M-199 medium. The decreased worm motility was observed after 3 h incubation with crude extract. Some of juvenile flukes were immobile 6 h after treatment, and died with 12 and 24 h incubation. The tegument of F. gigantica showed mild and moderate blebbing with disruption on the ventral surface after 3 and 6 h incubation, respectively, whereas lesion on the dorsal surface was less than extensive ventral surface. After 12 and 24 h incubation, there was extensive blebbing of the tegument syncytium, and spines had sloughed off, leaving empty spine sockets and the basal lamina exposed. These results indicate the potential anthelmintic effect of THS against young stage of F. gigantica, and suggest that the tegument may be the target organ for the drug. L06-10 10:05-10:20 Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei sp. nov. (Microspora: Enterocytozoonidae), a Parasite of the Black Tiger Shrimp Penaeus monodon (Decapoda: Penaeidae): Fine Structure and Phylogenetic Relationships: Somjintana Tourtip1, Somjai Wongtripop2, Grant D. Stentiford3, K.S. Bateman3, Siriporn Sriurairatana4, Jittipan Chavadej5 and Boonsirm Withyachumnarnkul4,5; 1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Amphur Kuntaravichai, Mahasarakham Province 44150, Thailand, 2Shrimp Genetic Improvement Center, Center of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, Ministry of Science and Technology, 333 Chaiya District, Surat Thani 83100, Thailand, 3Center for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK, 4 Center of Excellence for Shrimp, Molecular and Biotechnology (Centex shrimp), National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama IV Rd., Bangkok 10400, Thailand, 5Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama IV Rd., Bangkok 10400, Thailand A new microsporidian species, Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei sp. n., is described from the hepatopancreas of the black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon (Crustacea: Decapoda). Different stages of the parasite, from early plasmodium to mature spore, are located in the cytoplasm of the host cell. The multinucleate plasmodia lie in direct contact with host cell cytoLasm with numerous small blisters at the surface. Binary fission of the nuclei occurs at the merogony stage in early Lasmodial development and numerous spores are formed within the plasmodial membrane. Electron-dense discs and tubules are developed in the cytoplasm of the plasmodium and gradually form polar filaments and polar tube of the spore. Fresh spores are oval, measuring 1.0 × 1.5 μm and contains single nucleus, 5 coils of the polar filament, posterior vacuole, a polar tube, an anchoring disc, and thick electron-dense wall. The wall is composed of plasmalemma, an electron-lucentendospore (10 nm) and electron-dense exospore (2 nm). DNA primers designed from partial sequence of the microsporidian SSU rRNA were used for polymerase chain reaction of the parasite, which gave a 784bp product. The product was sequenced and found to be 84% homologous to that of Enterocytozoon bieneusi. L06-11 10:20-10:30 Coffee break 10:30-10:45 Exposure to Sublethal Concentrations of HgCl2 69 Reveal Ultrastructural Damage to Liver and Testes of Clarias macrocephalus L.: Annabelle A. Herrera, Lilibeth A. Cajuday1 and Dennis D. Raga2; Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines - Diliman, Quezon City, 1101 Philippines, 1Biology Department, College of Science, Bicol University, Legazpi City, Albay, 4506 Philippines, 2Biology Department, College of Science, De La Salle University - Manila, Malate, Manila, 1004 Philippines The hazardous effects of Mercury were observed on the testes and liver cells of juvenile C. macrocephalus after exposure to 0.025 and 0.05 mg/L sublethal concentrations of HgCl2 for 30 days. Ultrastructural Analysis reveal light to severe damage on testicular and liver cells. Characteristic signs of apoptosis were observed in the testes of treatment groups with extensive cell membrane and nuclear fragmentation, cytoplasmic vacuolation, dilation of the endoplasmic reticulum along with loss of cellular membrane integrity. Histopathological changes in the liver include cytoplasmic vacuolation of the hepatocytes, pyknotic nuclei, fatty infiltration and accumulation of dark cytoplasmic deposits. L06-12 ORAL THURSDAY 10:45-11:00 Malaysian Sea Cucumbers Microscopical Investigation a Prelude to Harnessing Its Claimed Therapeutic Prowess: A. Siti Fatihah1, S.S.J. Mohsin2 and C.G. Farid 1; 1School of Health Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia, 2Dean of Research, Health Science and Biomedicine Research Platform, School of Health Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia Sea cucumber is a marine invertebrate which are known to the local Malays as "gamat". This genus of marine organism do require detailed taxonomical treatise in order to clarify the identities and properties of the various species belonging to it while many of which could already be endangered. The main objective of this study is to illustrate the Malaysian variant integument histo-morphology observed under various microscopes to harness further taxonomical identification and structural relationship of claimed therapeutic prowess. There are various histological features observed such as vesicles presenting morula cells, germinal epitheliums, thread-like material, spearhead protuberances and axonal-like structure. L06-13 11:00-11:15 An Electron Microscope Study of the Fat Body Tissues of the Red Hairy Caterpillar, Amsacta albistriga: Raman Chandrasekar1, Seo Sook Jae2, Enoch Y. Park3 and R. Harikrihsnan4; 1Insect Mole- 70 cular Biology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Bharathidasan, University, Tiruchirappalli –620 024, Tamilnadu, India, 2 Division of Applied Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Chinju 660-701, South Korea. 3Laboratory of Bitechnology, Integrated Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 863 Ohya, Suruga-ku 422-8529, Japan, 4 Faculty of Applied Marine Science, College of Ocean Sciences, Cheju National University, Jeju, 690-756, South Korea The insect fat body synthesizes and stores energyrichmolecules such as lipid, protein, glycogen and free carbohydrate(Chandrasekar 2006). The Lepidopteran, Amsacta albistriga, fat body becomes heterogeneous and separate into twoare easily distinguished through appearance and locationby using LM and EM. The lipids are deposited as small drops or in large vacuoles that may occupy most of thecytoplasm. In addition, high frequency of mutivesicular bodies and protein forms electron dense granules of variable sizes and shapes formed shortly before pupation. To account for the present observations, sequential structural changes fat body tissues and sequestration of protein granules by the perivisceral fat body by using electron micrography. Further immunogold labeling techniques revealed that localization of crystalline protein granules and the fate of reserves stored in the fat body. L06-14 11:15-11:30 Inhibitory Effects of Bambusae Caulis in Liquamen (BLC) on the Development of Atopic Dermatitis-like Lesions in Hairless Mice: X.F. Qi1, Y.M. Lee2, Y.S. Yoon2, Y.C. Teng1, D.H. Kim1 and K.J. Lee1; 1Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Science, and Institute of Lifelong Health, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon 220-701, Korea, 2Biotech Research Institute, HDr Co. Ltd., Wonju, Gangwon 220-836, Korea The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of BCL on the development of atopic dermatitis (AD)-like skin lesions in hairless mice induced by DNCB. These findings indicate that BCL suppresses the development of AD-like skin lesions in hairless mice induced by DNCB, and suggests that BCL was, at least in part, potential reagent for the management of AD-like disease. L06-15 11:30-11:45 Relief- and Apodized-phase-contrast Imaging of Biological Specimens: Radek Pelc1, Zdeněk Hostounský1 and Tatsuro Otaki2; 1The Stentor Institute, Hostivice-Palouky 614, CZ-25301 PrahaZápad, Czechoslovakia Biomedical Research Centre, Academy of Sciences, CZ-14220 Praha 4-Krč, Czech Republic, 2Optical Design Department, Nikon Corporation, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8601, Japan A combination of relief (off-axis) illumination and phase contrast is presented. It facilitates image comprehension in thicker specimens. Applications to non-absorbing (phase) specimens of biological origin are shown (e.g., replicas of plant epidermal surfaces). A comparison with apodized phase contrast capable of reducing 'halo' artifacts in thicker specimens is also demonstrated. L06-16 L-01) Cryo-Electron Tomography for Single Particles Organized by Kenji Iwasaki and Kuniyaki Nagayama Room 301 14:00 ~ 17:15 Chairs: Kenji Iwasaki and Kuniaki Nagayama 14:15-14:30 8Ǻ Resolution Structure of Haliotis Diversicolor Hemocyanin (HdH): Xinghong Dai, Kunpeng Li, Jian He, Yinyin Li and Qinfen Zhang; State Key Lab for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China This abstract describes some initial work about single particle reconstruction of Haliotis diversicolor Hemocyanin (HdH) by Cryo-Electron Microscopy. The latest result is measured to be about 8 angstrom resolution. L01-02 15:00-15:30 Invited Structure of the GroEL-GroES-ADP-substrate Protein Complex from Thermus Thermophilus by Cryo-electron Microscopy: Ryo Kanno1, Ayumi Koike-Takeshita2, Ken Yokoyama2, Hideki Taguchi3 and Kaoru Mitsuoka4; 1Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Kyoto University, 2Chemical Resources Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 3 Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, 4 Biomedicinal Information Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Chaperonin (GroEL) is a protein which assists other proteins to fold properly. In this study, we determined the solution structure of GroEL-GroES complex from Thermus thermophilus with its substrate by cryo-electron microscopy. We observed substrate protein at the center of the cavity and a distortion of the cis-ring, especially, at the position near the substrate. We will discuss about the relationship of our structural observation with the funcion of chaperonin. L01-04 ORAL THURSDAY 14:00-14:15 Proteoliposome Formation for Cellular Uptake: Nanoparticle Conformation Analysis by CryoTEM: Kyung Eun Lee, Min Kyo Jung and Sung Sik Han; School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea The hydrophobic transmembrane domains of membrane proteins can be stabilized in detergent or in lipid bilayers such as liposomes. Membrane proteins can be incorporated into the liposome in a similar fashion to the way they are handled in vivo. In this study, a CD40 was then reconstituted into liposomes by detergent-mediated reconstitution. The detergent ratios had effects on the structure of the liposome and the amount of membrane proteins that were reconstituted into the liposomes. Then the proteoliposomes were inserted into cell and had different fates inside cell after endocytosis or phagocytosis. High-density proteoliposomes kept their structure stable in the phagosome then they were migrated to the cytoplasm. L01-01 14:30-15:00 Invited The Structure of Helicobacter pylori VacA by Zernike Phase Contrast Cryo-TEM: Radostin Danev, Akihiro Fujikawa and Kuniaki Nagayama; Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institutes of Natural Sciences (NINS), Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan There have been several investigations of the structure of VacA by various microscopy methods. The most successful one was based on cryo-negative staining TEM. The thin shape of the monomer and its multiple oligomeric states make it a challenging sample for conventional cryo-TEM observation. Our newly developed Zernike phase contrast TEM (ZPC-TEM) extracts more object information and produces images with greatly improved contrast. We used ZPC-TEM for single particle analysis study of the 3D structure of wild-type VacA. L01-03 15:30-15:45 Recognition of a Structural Feature by Microtubule Plus End Tracking Proteins: Imlications for Assembly of Microtubules: A. Glynn1, P. Bieling2, T. Surrey2 and A.S. Frangakis1; 1Department of Structural and Computational Biology, EMBL, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany, 2 Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, EMBL, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany Combining the approaches of cryo-electron tomography with single-particle and helical techniques, we are investigating the structure of plus-end tracking proteins and how they interact with 71 the growing plus ends of microtubules. There are currently two main models for the dynamic growth of microtubules. A mechanism for the closure of microtubules has been postulated based on our fluorescent microscopy observations and we are using electron microscopy techniques to validate these claims. Previously, I have studied microtubules through combining CEMOVIS with cryo-electron tomography, but will focus in this presentation on in vitro data. As the work is currently in progress, full written details including figures will be given later. L01-05 ORAL THURSDAY 15:45-16:15 Invited Single Particle Cryo-EM for Molecular Structure Biology of Nanomachines: Wah Chiu; National Center for Macromolecular Imaging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 USA Single particle electron cryomicroscopy (cryo-EM) has become an important tool for molecular structure biology. This can be attributable to a number of technological advances: highly stable electron cryomicroscope becomes widely available; software algorithm is much improved to retrieve 3-D density map from a large dataset, structure mining tools with other structural informatics are used to build models of the molecular components of the nanomachine. It is now possible to solve a subnanometer resolution structure of a biological nanomachine (usually close to or larger than 1 MDa) by single particle cryo-EM within a few days. In some applications, it still requires months to years to obtain biologically meaningful structure information. This abstract describes the bottlenecks of the molecular biology applications using single particle cryo-EM. L01-06 16:15-16:45 Invited Dissecting by Cryo-electron Tomography the 3-dimensional Supramolecular Organization of Nuclear Intermediate Filaments and Paracrystalline Fibers in Vitro Assembled from the Single Caenorhabditis elegans Nuclear Lamin: K. Ben-Harush1, N. Wiesel2, D. Frenkiel-Krispin1, D. Moeller3, Eyal Soreq4, H. Herrmann3, Y. Gruenbaum2, O. Medalia1 and U. Aebi5; 1Department of Life Sciences, Ben Gurion University and the NIBN, Beer-Sheva 84120, Israel, 2Department of Genetics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, 3Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany, 4Bezalel Academy of Arts and Design, Jerusalem 91240, Israel, 5M. E. Mueller Institute for Structural Biology, Biozentrum, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland The nuclear lamina (NL) is a distinct, meshwork-like filament assembly tightly adhering to the inner nuclear membrane. This filament meshwork constitutes a functional interface between the nuclear 72 envelope (NE) and the peripheral chromatin, and it provides structural support to the nucleus. The major molecular constitutents of the NL are the nuclear lamins (Lams) which, based on their amino acid sequence, have been classified as type V intermediate filament (IF) proteins. Lams are involved in most nuclear activities and are essential for retaining the mechano-elastic properties of the nucleus. Mutations in human lamins cause laminopathies, rare diseases ranging from muscular dystrophies to lipodystrophies and pre-mature aging. By employing cryo-electron tomography (cry-ET) of unstained ice-embedded samples, we present for the first time the 3-dimensional (3D) supramolecular organization of Lam 10-nm wide filaments and paracrystalline fibers. More specifically, we document that the Caenorhabditis elegans (Ce) single nuclear lamin forms IF-like filaments that are distinct from their cytoplasmic counterpart, for example, vimentin IFs (see below). Ce Lam filaments are composed of 3 or 4 tetrameric protofilaments, each of which containing two approximately half-staggered anti-parallel head-to-tail polymers of Lam dimers. The beaded appearance of the IF-like Lam filaments stems from dimerized globular tail domains, which are regularlyaxially spaced, alternating between 21 and 27 nm. In contrast, cryo-ET of vimentin IFs has revealed ~10-nm wide filaments comprised predominantly of four octameric protofibrils with a right-handed, ~96-nm-pitch helical supertwist [cf. Goldie et al. (2007) J. Struct. Biol.158: 378-85]. Ce Lam can also be in vitro assembled into paracrystalline fibers assuming a 3D structure resembling that of the beaded IF-like filaments. Based on our structural analysis, we propose an assembly pathway that yields the observed IF-like Ce Lam filaments and para- crystalline fibers. These results serve as a platform towards a more rational understanding of the effect of laminopathic mutations on lamin assembly and 3D supramolecular organization. L01-07 16:45-17:00 A New Protein Labeling Technique Using Genetically Encoded Metallothionein Tag for Electron Microscopy: Y. Nishino1,2,3, T. Yasunaga2,3 and A. Miyazawa1,3; 1Bio-multisome Research Team, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Harima Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan, 2Department of Bioscience and Bioinfomatics, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 680-4, Kawazu, Iizuka, Fukuoka, 820-8502, Japan, 3CREST, JST, Japan The detection of proteins by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) frequently relies on negative staining and/or immuno-gold labeling, but these techniques are limited. We developed a genetically encoded tag consisting of 3 repeats of metalothionein (3MT) and fused it with 14-mer protein GroEL (GroEL-14(3MT)). Cd2+-bound GroEL-14(3MT) was detected by TEM in the absence of negative staining on a carbon grid, and the particle densities of GroEL-14(3MT) were much greater than those of untagged GroEL in vitreous ice. Our data indicate that the 3MT tag provides a promising TEM method of allowing the detection of proteins. L01-08 17:00-17:15 DNA Nanostructures Visualized by Cryo-EM: Takayuki Kato, Russell P. Goodman, Christoph M. Erben, Andrew J. Turberfield and Keiichi Namba; Graduate School Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1-3, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK We present a 3D image reconstruction by electron cryomicroscopy (cryoEM) of a 7 nm tetrahedron self-assembled from four strands of DNA. This is the smallest 3D nanostructure made by DNA selfassembly and the smallest molecule (78 kDa) for which 3D image reconstruction has been carried out to date by cryoEM. We have achieved 12 Å resolution, sufficient to resolve the structure of the DNA helix and to discriminate between two structurally similar diastereomers, demonstrating that cryoEM is an indispensable tool for the characterization of 3D nanostructures designed to be self-assembled from biomolecular components. L01-09 Organized by T. Nagata Room 302 09:20 ~ 11:50 Chair: Sung Sik Han 09:20-09:50 Invited Applications of High Voltage Electron Microscopy to Thicker Biological Specimens: T. Nagata; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621 and Department of Anatomy, Shinshu Institute of Alternative Medicine, Nagano 380-0861, Japan The applications of high voltage electron microscopy (HVEM) to biological specimens merit 3 features; 1) higher resolutions observing ultrastructuresin ultrathin sections, 2) higher penetration of electron beams into specimens that results in possibilities of observing thicker specimens revealing 3-D structures and 3) decrease of diffractions that results in higher P/B ratios of compositional elements in thicker specimens by X-ray microanalysis. We have applied ORAL THURSDAY L-03) High Voltage and Analytical Electron Microscopy in Life Sciences the latter 2 merits to observe 3-D and 4-D ultrastructures of whole mount cultured cells as well as to qualify and quantify respective elements of chemical components in thicker specimens. In order to observe thicker biological specimens, we used whole mount cultured cells seeded and grown on grid meshes in culture vessels or thick sections cut from embedded tissues. As cultured cells, we used both primary cultures from animal tissues such as rat hepatocytes and established cell lines such as CHO-K1 or HeLa cells. The cells were cultured in Eagle’s MEM incubated in a CO2 incubator at 37˚C. Some of the cells were cultured under experimental conditions in the medium containing peroxisome proliferating agents, clofibrate or bezafibrate, or RI-labeled precursors 3H-thymidine, 3H-uridine, 3H-leucine, 14C-bezafibrate, or HRP to induce pinocytosis. All the cells were prefixed in buffered 2.5% glutaraldehyde, stained with various histochemical reactions, G-6-Pase, TPPase, cytochrome oxidase, AcPase, DAB, ZIO, PATCH-SP, radioautography, postfixed in 1% osmium tetroxide. They were dried in a critical point drier, observed with JEOL JEM-4000EX or Hitachi H-1250M at 400-1000 kV, by tilting them and taking stereo-pair pictures which were observed with stereoscopes. The ultrastructure of these cell organelles could be stereoscopically observed 3-dimensionally as well as 4-dimensionally with stereo-pair pictures after labeling cell organelles with tracers. On the other hand, we have developed X-ray microanalysis in combination with HVEM at 200-400 KV and applied them to various kinds of compounds in biological materials. We first quantified then reaction products such as Ag in radioautographs, Ce in acid phosphatase and Au in immunostaining. Then, we analyzed various trace elements such as Zn, Ca, S, Cl, K and P which originally existed in cytoplasmic matrix or cell organelles of various cells using both conventional chemical fixation and cryo-fixation followed by cryo-sectioning and freeze-drying, or freeze-substitution or freeze-drying and dry-sectioning. We also analyzed the elements absorbed into cells such as Al. As the results, the P/B ratios of all the endogenous elements such as Zn, S, Cl, K and P and exogenous elements such as Al, or end products containing Ag, Ce, Au, increased with the increase of the accelerating voltages from 100 to 400KV. ApLying these procedures, we could quantify various endogenousand exogenous elements. It is concluded that HVEM was very useful in observing thicker sections and clarifying the ultrastructures of cell organelles 3-dimensionally and 4-dimensionally, as well as resulting in higher P/B ratios for qualifying and quantifying various trace elements in biological specimens. L03-01 09:50-10:10 Ultrastructural Change of Mitochondria in Mito- 73 ORAL THURSDAY chondrial Respiratory Chain Disease: Electron Tomographic and Ultrastructural Analysis: Ji Young Mun1, Min Kyo Jung1, Young Mok Lee2 and Sung Sik Han1; 1School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea, 2 Department of Pediatrics, Severance Hospital, Handicapped Children’s Research Institute, Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea The primary function of mitochondria is to generate ATP via oxidative phosphorylation, the major source of cellular energy. In addition to being the site of respiration and oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondria are also involved in several other important functions such as lipid, amino acid biosynthesis, fatty acid oxidation. In human, defects in the mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) are responsible for or associated with a bewildering variety of diseases. We observed the defect of mitochondrial respiratory chain in muscle development retardation patient. We used transmission electron microscopy to directly visualize the morphological change of mitochondria in respiratory chain disease. We analyzed volume of mitochondria and structural change of innermembrane and cristae in respiratory chain disease through image J program and electron tomography method. In addition, the structural relationship between intramyocellular lipid as substrate of mitochondria and mitochondria was analyzed in normal and in respiratory chain complex disease through 3-dimensional structure reconstruction. L03-02 10:10-10:30 Structure Analysis of Organelles Related to Beating Flagella in Trichomonas vaginalis: Kyung Eun Lee1, Ji Hui Kim1, Min Kyo Jung1, Jae-Sook Ryu2 and Sung Sik Han1; 1School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea, 2Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea The flagellated protozoan T. vaginalis move with their flagella in order to be parasitized in urogenital tract of humans. During movement their flagella were presented by cilia beating pattern. The cellular components of T. vaginalis form a complicated 3D structure. We reconstructed the 3-dimensional structure of T. vaginalis from serial sections in order to observe the spatial structure of the whole cell and electron tomography to examine the detailed structure of the cellular organelles. The 3D reconstructed structure showed the detail mastigont structure, parabasal filament, and Golgi complex in the T. vaginalis. L03-03 10:30-10:50 Deconvolution of the Morphologic Abnormality of 74 Epidermal Lamina Densa, a Characteristic Structure of Basement Membrane: T. Hata, M. Yamashita and T. Masunaga; Fundamental Research Laboratories, KOSÉ Corporation, 1-18-4, Azusawa, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 174-0051, Japan The epidermal basement membrane (BM) plays important roles for maintaining healthy skin by serving scaffolds for the epidermis and regulating its functions. Recently, we discovered frequent duplications of Lamina densa (LD), which is a sheet-like structure that was identified in BM, in non-exposed elderly skin. In this study, we focused on these abnormal ultrastructures of LD to clarify the precise morphology in vivo using ultrahigh-voltage electron microscopy (2MV), followed by reconstructing 3-D image with tomography technique. As a result, the duplications were identified bag-like structure and these methods were indicated one of the useful tools for investigate various cutaneous functions. L03-04 10:50-11:00 Coffee break Chair: T. Nagata 11:00-11:20 The Morphological Changes in Pancreatic Islet during in Vitro Culture: Kyung Eun Lee1, Jong Yeon Lim1,2, Se Jin Park1 and Sun Sik Han1; 1School of Life Sciences and Biotechonolgy, Korea University, Seoul, Korea, 2KITI, Seoul, Korea Pancreas is a gland organ in the digestive and endocrine system of vertebrates. The islet of Langerhans is the endocrine part of pancreas and produces several important hormones, including insulin, glucagons and somatostatin. The pancreas is central in the pathophysiology of both major types of diabetes mellitus. In type 1 diabetes mellitus, there is direct damage to the endocrine pancreas that results in insufficient insulin synthesis and secretion. Type 2 diabetes mellitus, which begins with insulin resistance, is characterized by the ultimate failure of pancreatic β cells to match insulin production with insulin demand. Pancreatic islet is cultivated for transplantation to diabetes patients. In this study we investigated the morphological changes of pancreatic islet by means of 3D reconstruction during in vitro culture with various drugs such as nicotinamide and GLP-1. L03-05 11:20-11:50 Invited Elemental Analysis of Aluminum Accumulation by High Voltage TEM and HAADF-STEM with EDX: Kametani Kiyokazu1 and Tetsuji Nagata2; 1 Department of Instrumental Analysis, Research Center for Human Environmental Sciences, Shinshu University, and General Research Laboratory, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Japan, 2Shinshu University and Shinshu Institute of Alternative Medicine, Japan It is well known that aluminum (Al) influenced the living body of animals under the conventional conditions. Recently, it is demonstrated that acid rain washes away Al ions from the soil on the surface of the earth. The Al ions washed away from the soil flowed in lakes and Al was accumulated in plants and fishes with high concentration. Finally, it is concerned that human beings took the Al which accumulated in plants and fishes. We already reported the localization of Al in the tissues of several organs of experimental animals demonstrated by means of high accelerating voltage transmission electron microscope (TEM) equipped with EDX (HVTEM-EDX) using thicker sections. Because there was no high electron dense body which included Al in the brain tissue of mice as observed by HVTEM, we could not confirm Al accumulation in the brain tissue. For the weak contrast of Al in the tissues, we tried to use the dark field image mode (DF) with a high angle annular dark-field (HAADF) TEM. With the HAADF TEM we can observe the strength of dispersion electrons provided from specimens as DF images by scanning the electron beams. The weak contrast structures observed by BF mode can be recognized easily by DF mode, because of emphasizing the contrast with the elements included. L03-06 Organized by K.Y. Kwon Room 302 14:00 ~ 15:50 Chair: Je Geun Chi and Moon Hyang Park 14:00-14:30 Invited Electron Microscopic Application in Diagnosis of the Respiratory Diseases: K. Y. Kwon1, Y. H. Kim2, S. J. Choi1, J. Y. Park1, H. R. Jung1, S. Y. Kwon1, M. S. Choi1, Y. N. Kang1, S. P. Kim1 and S. S. Lee1; 1 Department of Pathology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Dongsan Hospital, 194 Dongsan-dong, Jung-gu, Daegu, Korea, 2Central Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Keimyung University School of Medicine, 194 Dongsan-dong, Jung-gu, Daegu, Korea Recently immunohistochemistry and molecular techniques are applied actively, but light microscopic examination play a central role in the pathologic 14:30-14:50 Ultrastructural Differential Diagnosis of Small Round Cell Turmors: M. Joo1, S.H. Park2 and J.G. Chi2; 1Department of Pathology, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, 2240 daehwa-dong, Ilsanseo-gu, Goyang-si 411-706, Korea, 2Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, 28 Yeongeondong, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-744, Korea Small round cell tumor is a heterogeneous group of malignant neoplasm, which tends to occur in childhood. These tumors have a similar histologic appearance, which are composed of uniform undifferentiated small round cells. In the majority of cases, ancillary studies, such as immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy (EM) and cytogenetic or molecular analysis are necessary to diagnose them. In terms of convenience, immunohistochemistry becomes an everyday routine method. EM is an established technique and doesn't need complicated quality control. Ultrastructural finding is easy to understand to the pathologists who are familiar with the morphology. EM can be critically important when the results of immunostaining are inconclusive, or when there is immunophenotypic overlapping and a genetic service is unavailable. While EM is not a dominant diagnostic tool compared to the past, EM continues to have a decisive role in the differential diagnosis of small round cell tumors and can provide a higher level diagnostic confidence to the pathologists. L13-02 ORAL THURSDAY L-13) Diagnostic Approach by Electron Microscopy in Medicine diagnosis of respiratory diseases. Because electron microscope has incomparable high resolution than light microsocpe, electron microscopic examination is still utilized very usefully in some respiratory diseases that the results of immunohistochemistry and molecular study are equivocal, and the differential diagnosis on H&E is difficult. We can get definite ultrastructural findings in detection of infective organisms, diagnoses of neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases through electron microscopic examination. In this topic, we review the electron microscopic findings of diagnostic ultrastructural findings of some selected cases of infectious microorganisms, non-neoplastic and neoplastic respiratory diseases. L13-01 14:50-15:10 The Diagnostic Usefulness of Ultrastructural Findings in the Glomerulopathy: J. Joo; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine Eulji University Eulji Hospital, 280-1 Hagye-dong Nowon-ku, Seoul, 139-711 Korea To get an exact diagnosis for glomerulopathy, the morphological finding, clinical history and the laboratory evaluation are integrated, and the exceptions and variations are considered to reach the 75 ORAL THURSDAY final diagnosis. Among the morphological examination including light microscope, fluorescence microscope and electron microscope, the ultrastructural findings contribute to the diagnosis of the glomerulopathy by enhancing histologic and immunofluorescent microscopic findings and by defining certain clinicopathologic entities. The presence and or location of electrondense deposits are helpful to categorize the immune complex associated glomeru- lonephritis and the thickness of the glomerular basement membrane can give some suggestions about diabetes mellitus, thin basement membrane disease, or Alport’s syndrome. Moreover, there are some of peculiar ultrastructural elements in glomerulus to confirm several diseases such as immunotactoid glomerulopathy, amyloidosis, Fabry’s disease, etc. But there are still limitations to classify the glomerular disease based on the electron microscopic findings. L13-03 neuroendocrine tumors in the following ways: (1) the identification of neurosecretory-type granules in typical neuroendocrine tumors that do not react to histochemical or immune- histochemical stainings, (2) the diagnosis of poorly differentiated neuroendocrine tumors including primary or metastatic neuroendocrine carcinomas throughout the body, (3) the recognition of neurosecretory-type granules with distinctive features that is diagnostic for specific cell types, (4) the identification of amphicrine cells or tumors that synchronously disLaying exocrine and endocrine differentiation, (5) the application of uranaffin reaction for characterization of neurosecretory- type granules, and (6) the use of immunoelectron microscopy for determining a specific amine or polypeptide hormone-containing secretory granules. L13-05 15:10-15:30 Ultrastructural Differential Diagnosis of Brain Tumors: Sung-Hye Park, Bomi Kim and Jae Kyung Myung; Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea Some brain tumors have similar or overlapping light microscopic features, such as clear cell histology, which was known to be a hallmark of oligodendroglioma, however, also characterizes clear cell ependymoma, and central neurocytoma. Although various immunohistochemical studies may support the diagnosis of brain tumors, still there are no enough markers for the differential diagnosis of brain tumors. Until now, several oligodendroglial markers, such as O1, O2, Galc, myelin basic protein, etc, are used for detecting oliodendroglia, however, any of them are considered as a concrete marker for oligodendroglial tumor. It is well known that various glioneuronal markers can be expressed focally in various brain tumors, therefore, immunohistochmiestry is of limited value. Utrastructural examination is valuable supplementary tool to make a diagnosis, even though utrastructural features are not routinely used in classifying the brain tumors. Here, the ultrastructural characteristics and differential points of astrocytic, oligodendroglial, ependymal, neuronal, glioneuronal tumors and other brain tumors will be presented. L13-04 15:50-16:00 Coffee break 15:30-15:50 Diagnostic Electron Microscopic Approach in Neuroendocrine Tumors: Y.K. Kang; Department of Pathology, Inje University Seoul Paik Hospital Neurosecretory and endosecretory (i.e., neurosecretorytype) granules are diagnostic organelles found in a wide variety of neuroendocrine tumors. Electron microscopy is one of the most helpful methodologies in evaluation and diagnosis of 76 L-07) Recent Progress of Funtional Morphology of the Kidney Organized by Jin Kim and Kuniaki Takata Room 302 16:00 ~ 18:15 Chairs: Jin Kim and Kuniaki Takata 16:00-16:30 Invited Intracellular Localization and Trafficking of Water Channel Aquaporin 2 (AQP2): K. Takat; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-machi 3-39-22, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan Water transfer across the plasma membrane is carried out via membrane protein aquaporin (AQP). The kidney Lays a central role in the water balance in the body by changing the concentration of the glomerular filtrate through water reabsorption. Among AQPs expressed in the kidney, AQP2 is critical in the concentration of the urine since the mutation of AQP2 results in diabetes insipidus, inability to concentrate urine. To elucidate the mechanism of AQP2 trafficking, we characterized the intracellular AQP2-bearing vesicles and their trafficking in MDCK cells transfected with human AQP2. L07-01 16:30-16:45 The Effect of Renal Ischemia-reperfusion Injury on the Outer Medullary Tubules: Su-Youn Lee, Jung-Mi Han and Ki-Hwan Han; Department of Anatomy, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea It is well known that renal ischemic injury induces tubular damages in the S3 segment of the proximal tubule which is located in the outer medulla. In the renal outer medulla, the thick ascending limb and collecting duct are also located. The purpose of this study was to examine whether the ischemic injury affect the same degrees of damage in all tubular profiles in the outer medulla. Renal ischemiareperfusion injury was induced by clamping both renal pedicles for 30 min and animal were sacrificed at 6hr after the reperfusion. Aquaporin 1, bumetabindesensitive Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransporter, H+_ATPase, and aquaporin 2 antibodies were used to identify proximal tubule cells, thick ascending limb cells, and collecting duct intercalated cells, and collecting duct principal cells, respectively. In the kidney with ischemia- reperfusion injury, collecting duct cells as well as proximal tubule cells were detached from basement membrane and were extruded into tubule lumen. Interestingly, immunoreactivity for caspase-3 was observed in the proximal tubule, but not in collecting duct intercalated cells. There were no detectable damages in thick ascending limb cells. These results show that the effect of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury is different in the outer medullary tubules and suggest that various mechanisms may be involved in the pathogenesis of ischemic renal diseases. L07-02 17:00-17:30 Invited Dysregulation of Renal Aquaporin-2 in Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus: Tae-Hwan Kwon; Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 700-422, Korea Aquaporin-2 (AQP2), the vasopressin-regulated water channel in the collecting duct, plays a key role in the regulation of body water balance. Recently, collecting duct-specific AQP2 knock-out mice have been generated, confirming an essential role of AQP2 in the urinary concentration. Moreover, proteomic analyses and in vitro phage disLay technique identified proteins in the AQP2-expressing intracellular vesicles and high-affinity peptide ligands to the AQP2-expressing membranes. Importantly, dysregulation of AQP2 is critically involved in a number of water balance disorders. Continued analysis of the AQP2 is providing detailed molecular insight into the fundamental physiology and pathophysiology of water balance and water balance disorders. L07-04 17:30-17:45 The Value of Electron Microscopy in the Diagnosis of Renal Diseases with Specific Arranged Deposits: Su-Xia Wang1, You-Kang Zhang2 and Wan-Zhong Zou1; 1Department of Electron Microscopy, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China, 2 Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital; Institute of Nephrology, Peking University Electron microscopy (EM) provides useful diagnostic information in nearly half of renal biopsies, including renal diseases with specific arranged deposits such as amyloidosis, cryoglobulinemia, etc, Various forms of specific arranged deposits including microfibrils, microtubules, spheres and crystals were identified by EM. 12，332 cases of renal biopsies from Jan. 1995 to Dec. 2006 collected in our hospital were examined by EM, 203 cases (1.65%) with specific arranged deposits were identified. EM was crucial for the diagnosis of fibrillary and immunotactoid glomerulopathy and dense deposit disease, provided important information for the majority of renal diseases with specific arranged deposits. L07-05 ORAL THURSDAY 16:45-17:00 Immunolocalization of Phospho-Arg-directed Protein Kinase Substrates in Mouse Kidneys under Normal Circulation and Hypoxia Revealed with “In Vivo Cryotechnique”: S. Saitoh, N. Terada, N. Ohno and S. Ohno; Department of Anatomy and Molecular Histology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo-city, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan Conventional preparation methods for light microscopy have some limitation to analyze the immune- olocalization of biological molecules in cells and tissues. By “in vivo cryotechnique” (IVCT), it is possible to perform both morphological and immunohistochemical analyses at higher timeresolution, reflecting living states, because all molecules in cells and tissues are immediately crofixed in ice crystals. Normal and hypoxic mouse kidneys prepared with IVCT were immuneohistochemically analyzed with antibodies against phospho-(Ser/Thr) PKA/C substrates (P-PK-S) and phospho- (Ser/Thr) Akt substrates (P-Akt-S). Our findings suggest that IVCT would be usuful for precise analyses of P-PK-S and P-Akt-S immuneodistributions in living mouse kidneys. Key words; in vivo cryotechnique, kidney, immunohistochemistry, anti-phospho- specific antibodies, high time-resolution. L07-03 17:45-18:00 Albumn Handling along the Nephron: Mechanism of Proteinuria: Akihiro Tojo, Satoshi Kinugasa, Maristela Lika Onozato, Hiroki Miyazaki, Kensuke Asaba and Toshiro Fujita; Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, University of Tokyo 77 Albumin is filtrated through the glomeruli at a rate of about 0.062% of the plasma albumin concentration, which means that about 3g of albumin is filtrated daily in normal humans. However, the proximal tubules reabsorb 63% of albumin in the early portion and 29% in the late potion and 3% of filtrated albumin is excreted in the final urine (<100 mg/day in humans). The most important barrier of glomerular albumin filtration is still controversial between slit diaphragm and glomerular basement membrane. We investigated glomerular albumin filtration pathway using gold-labeled albumin or FITC-labeled albumin in puromycin-induced nephritic rat. Only a few gold-labeled albumin passed through the reduced number of slit membranes, however, FITC-labeled albumin have been shown in the podocyte cell body and in the paramesangium. This can be new pathways of glomerular albumin filtration through podocyte cell body and through mesangium. Tubular function of albumin reabsorption is also important mechanism of proteinuria. It is also noteworthy that tubular expression of megalin was reduced in the proximal tubule, and FITC-labeled albumin observed by immunogold electron microscopy was reduced in the lysosomes of proximal tubules compared with those in control. Angiotensin II receptor blockade reversed megalin expression and albumin reabsorption. Microalbuminuria in the early stage of diabetes may occur by reduced tubular reabsorption of albumin before glomerular albumin filtration increases. It is important to clarify the mechanism of proteinuria to consider the strategy to cure glomerular diseases. L07-06 ORAL FRIDAY 78 18:00-18:15 Expression of Lymphatic Endothelium-specific Hyaluronan Receptor LYVE-1 in the Developing Mouse Kidney: Hyun-Wook Lee1, Yan-Xia Qin2, Eun-Young Park1, Jin-Sun Hwang, 1Guan-Hua Huo2, Chul-Woo Yang3, Wan-Young Kim1, Kirsten M. Madsen4 and Jin Kim1; 1Department of Anatomy and 3 Internal Medicine, MRC for Cell Death Disease Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul, Korea, 2Department of Histology and Embryology, Binzhou Medical University, China, 4 Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA Lymphatic vessels play an important physiological role in homeostasis, metabolism and in the immune response to pathogens. Our knowledge of the embryonic development of the lymphatic vessels within the kidney is limited. The aim of this study was to examine the time of expression and the distribution of intrarenal lymphatic vessels in the developing mouse kidney using the lymphatic marker LYVE-1, the lymphatic receptor for the extracellular matrix mucopolysaccharide hyaluronan. Kidneys from embryonic day 13 (E13) to E18, from neonates at pup day 1 (P1) to P21 and adults were studied. Our results suggest that lymphatic vessels of the kidney originate by extension of extrarenal lymphatics and by budding from arcuate veins through an active branching process associated with F4/80+/CD11b–/ LYVE-1+ macrophages/dendritic cells. L07-07 November 07, 2008 FRIDAY I-04) Electron Crystallography and Image / Spectrum Processing Organized by Ji-Jung Kai, Xiu-Liang Ma and Se Ahn Song Room 402 09:00 ~ 12:00 Chair: Ji-Jung Kai 09:00-09:30 Invited Electron Crystallography, Quantitative Electron Diffraction and Charge Density Measurement of Functional Materials: Yimei Zhu, Lijun Wu and Jincheng Zheng; Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science, USA Today’s challenge in condensed matter physics and materials science as well as in crystallography is not the ability to determine atomic positions of materials, but the ability to measure the valence electron distribution that control the materials’ bonding characteristics and physical properties. In fact, charge density measurement is the core component in x-ray crystallography research although it is not a trivial task. Facing the challenge we developed quantitative electron diffraction technique, PArallel Recording Of Dark-field Images (PARODI) [1]. I04-01 09:30-10:00 Invited Study of Incommensurate Modulated Structures by HRTEM in Combination with Electron Crystallographic Image Processing: F.H. Li, X.M. Li and B.H. Ge; Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China The principle, method and applications for determining the IMS by Electron crystallographic image processing (ECIP) are briefly introduced. The high-dimensional (HD) description of IMS proposed by De Wolff is utilized to treat the IMS as the hypersection of a HD periodic structure. Examples are given for oxides having different physical properties to show that the displacive and compositional (or occupational) modulation of metallic atoms of IMS can be seen clearly in the projected structure maps obtained by image deconvolution, while atoms of oxygen seen only after the phase extension. I04-02 seems to be more applicable for high-resolution wave field reconstruction when a condition of low electron dose is required because, in general, specimen drift cannot be avoided. I04-05 Chair: Xiu-Liang Ma 10:00-10:30 Invited Resolving Special Problems by Image/Spectrum Processing Technique Using Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy: Ji-Jung Kai, K. F. Chen, Z. H. Zeng, C. H. Chen and Fu-Rong Chen; Center for Electron Microscopy, Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing-Hua University, Taiwan In fusion reactor environment, helium may be produced in the first wall exposed to intense neutron fields of 14.1 MeV by D-T fusion reaction and by transmutation reactions [1]. Helium is virtually insoluble in materials and is easily captured by vacancy clusters to enhance helium bubble formation [2], which in turn will cause significant void swelling and degrade the mechanical properties of the first wall structures materials (Fig. 1). The measurement of helium has been developed to estimate the densities of helium atoms in the bubbles by EELS [3]. I04-03 10:30-11:00 Invited Electron Diffraction Studies of Amorphous Materials Using RDF, RMC and DFT Refinement: K. Borisenko1, Y. Chen1, G. Li1, D.J.H. Cockayne1 and S.A. Song2; 1 Department of Materials, University of Oxford, UK, 2 AE Center, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Korea The technique of electron RDF analysis combined with Reverse Monte Carlo and DFT model refinement has been used to obtain structural models of a number of amorphous materials at the nanoscale. I04-04 11:00-11:15 Wave Field Reconstruction under Critical Low Electron Dose Conditions: Comparison of SWFM and 3D-FFM: Y. Takai, T. Nomaguchi and Y. Kimura; Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Japan The Schiske’s Wiener filtering method (SWFM) and the three-dimensional Fourier filtering method (3D-FFM) are compared with an aim to perform high-resolution wave field reconstruction under limited electron dose conditions. The 3D-FFM provides higher resolution even when relatively large specimen drift is included in the through-focus images. In contrast, high resolution information tends to be lost in SWFM when the drift is large, although a higher SNR can be achieved. Consequently, the 3D-FFM 11:30-12:00 Invited Mismatch Dislocations and Their Configuration in the Perovskite Thin Films: Y. L. Zhu, M. J. Zhuo, and X. L. Ma; Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China It is known that heteroepitaxial films usually have lattice mismatch with the substrates and are therefore subject to misfit strain during growth. Such a lattice mismatch, if sufficiently small, can be stored elastically within the film by establishing a coherent interface till a critical thickness is reached. If the film thickness exceeds the critical value, the introduction of misfit dislocations will be energetically preferred over the continuation of misfit strain. We have studied various perovskite-based heteroepitaxial systems and found that the configuration of mismatch dislocations depends not only on lattice mismatch between film/ substrate but also the inclination of the substrate. The formation mechanismof these configurations is proposed. I04-07 ORAL FRIDAY Chair: Yimei Zhu 11:15-11:30 Advantages of Structure Analysis of Nano-crystalline Materials by EF-PED: Jin-Gyu Kim, Kihyun Kwon, Seongje Park, Jaesung Lee and Youn-Joong Kim; Division of Electron Microscopic Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, Korea We have carried out the structure analysis of Si single crystal in order to test the performance of our electron precession system. Diffraction patterns of Si [110] were obtained by SAED, PED, and EF-PED method. We could obtain the best results from PED and EF-PED data and the final R-value, R(F) = 37.64%. Diffraction resolution and peak shapes from EF-PED data were more extended and sharper than PED data. We expect EF-PED method is more useful for determination of crystal structures and accurate cell parameters of complex structures such as organics, polymers, proteins whose inelastic scattering intensities are highly distributed. I04-06 I-12) Atom Probe Microscopy Organized by Pyuck-Pa Choi and Simon Ringer Room 401 09:00 ~ 11:45 79 Chair: Pyuck-Pa Choi 9:00-9:30 Invited Using Atom Probe to Explore Structure & Chemistry in Both Amorphous and Crystalline Materials: New Approaches to Data Analysis: S.P. Ringer; Australian Key Centre for Microscopy & Microanalysis, The University of Sydney, Australia The modern atom probe is capable of capturing the spatial position and identity of hundreds of millions of atoms in a specimen material. This presents significant opportunities for computational data mining approaches that extract quantitative information that can be used in structure-activity relationships that describe the behaviour and performance of the materials. At the Australian Key Centre for Microscopy& Microanalysis, we have a major interest in atomic clustering and exploring how clusters can affect nucleation pathways and materials properties. In this presentation, new methods analysis will be described that are unlocking structure and chemical perturbations in materials that are not possible to observe through other techniques. I12-01 ORAL FRIDAY 80 9:30-9:45 New Approaches to the Reconstruction in Atom Probe Tomography Data and Applications to Organic Materials Analysis: B. Gault, W. Yang, R. Zheng, F. Braet and S.P. Ringer; Australian Key Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Sydney, Australia Recent progress have been made in the determination of the parameters used to reconstruct Atom Probe Tomography data, enabling an improvementin the quality of the reconstruction. These new methodologies will be presented, and preliminary results towards their application to the reconstruction of a SelfAssembled Monolayer of a decanethiol developed on the surface of a pure Ni tip will be shown and discussed. I12-02 9:45-10:15 Invited 3D Atom Probe and SIMS as Complementary Techniques for the Observation and Quantitative Measurement of Microstructures: L. Renaud1, I. Martin1, F. Hillion1, F. Horreard1, Y.S. Yang2, S.J. Kang1 and C.G. Park2; 1CAMECA 29 Quai des Grésillons, France, 2NCNT, Pohang University of Science & Technology, Korea As an illustration of the complementarities of the two approaches at different scales, the analysis of the segregation and clustering of interstitial boron contained in HSLA steels will be presented. The CAMECA NanoSIMS was used to detect a few tenth ppm level of boron enrichment at austenite grain interior or at grain boundary in micrometer scale. The area of interest is then marked and analyzed by using 3D Atom Probe. The results clearly provide 3D mapping and quantitative composition of solute boron either located in grain interior or segregated along grain boundary, in atomic scale. I12-03 10:15-10:30 Coffee break Chair: Simon Ringer 10:30-11:00 Invited Atomic-Scale Tomography of Materials: Thomas F. Kelly1, Edgar Voelkl2 and Jesse D. Olson1; 1Imago Scientific Instruments Corporation, USA, 2FEI Company, USA Atom-probe tomography (APT) provides threedimensional structural and compositional analysis of materials at the atomic scale. It recent years, it has been applied to materials characterization challenges in the metals, data storage, and semiconductor industries. Specimen preparation advances have made it routine now to extract and analyze specimens from bulk materials including advanced alloys, device wafers and even finished components. Major developments in LEAP® (local electrode atom probe) technology by Imago Scientific Instruments have led to greater facility for running specimens and greater detail in quantitative analysis. These data are revealing important new information about processing effects and correlations with properties. In this talk, examples will be given of how this capability is having impact on a wide variety of materials including metals, semiconductors, ceramics, and even synthetic organics and polymers. I12-04 11:00-11:15 3D Atom Probe Techniques for the Atomic Scale Investigation on the State of Boron in Steels: J. B. Seol1, J. S. Kang1, Y. S. Yang1 and C. G. Park2; 1Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang Univ. of Sci. & Tech. (POSTECH), Korea, 2National Center for Nanomaterials Technology, POSTECH, Korea It has been known to enhance the hardenability of any structural materials by the addition of a small amount of B due to the segregation of solute boron at austenite grain boundary. Therefore, the exact behavior and position of boron in steels can be investigated by the APT techniques in the sub-nanometer scale. The results obtained by 3D-APT revealed that the solute boron atoms were segregated at the carbon enriched region, which was TiC precipitate. It was also showed that the B atoms were segregated to a retained austenite rather than a ferrite phase. I12-05 11:15-11:45 Invited Recent Achievements in the Analysis of Nanostructured Materials by Atom Probe Tomography (APT): Tala'at Al-Kassab; Institut für Materialphysik der Universität Göttingen, Germany Nano-materials are gaining nowadays a considerable interest for various applications. They can be used as functional parts for new magnetic and/or electronic devices as well as coating layers to protect the surface of specific materials against corrosion and as powders consisting of micron sized particles provid ing a feed stock for industrial large scale production. The macroscopic physical properties of such designed nano-structured materials are largely controlled by their numerous internal interfaces and are closely related to the stability of their internal interfaces. Hence, the investigation of the chemical reactions at these interfaces is of a great importance to understand and optimize their properties for prospective future applications. This review summaries some of our recent research results to explore the nano-structured materials utilizing the method of Atom Probe Tomography. I12-06 M-09) Radiation Effects Organized by Sang-Chul Kwon and Somei Ohnuki Room 303 09:20 ~ 12:05 Chair: S. Ohnuki Chair: S.C. Kwon 09:50-10:20 Invited Modification of TiO2 Photocatalyst by Electron Beam Irradiation and Ion Implantation: A.D. Liu1, X.G. Hou2, B. Liao1 and L.Z. Qin3; 1Key Laboratory of Radiation Beams and Material Modification, Ministry of Education of China, College of Nuclear Sciences and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing Radiation Center, China, 2College of Physics and Electronics, Tianjin Normal University, China, 3 Department of Physics, Zunyi Normal College, China M09-02 10:20-10:35 Electron Irradiation and Thermal-Induced Phase Transformation in a Si-Sb-Te Alloy: Xiaodong Han1, Yan Cheng1, Xiaofang Huang1, Ze Zhang1, Ting Zhang2, Bo Liu2, Zhitang Song2 and Songlin Feng2; 1Institute of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Beijing University of Technology, China, 2Laboratory of Nanotechnology, Shanghai Institute of Micro-System and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Si-Sb-Te alloys are new type of phase change memory (PCM) materials with well-defined electrical properties. The thermal and electron irradiation can induce a phase transformation from the amorphous matrix. Here, we report the thermal-induced (TI) and electron beam irradiation induced (EBII) phase transformations in Si-Sb-Te alloy amorphous thin films which were investigated as a function of time by in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Very distinctive phase transformation features were revealed for the TI and EBII phase transformations. A phase separation phenomenon was revealed for the electron beam irradiation induced phase transition in which the Te-rich phase and Si-rich phase were separated from the amorphous matrix. On the contrary, by a single heating thermal process, a simple crystallization occurred from the as-deposited amorphous matrix. We demonstrated that the electron irradiation can build a charge filed at the surface of the specimen and therefore trap ions to move along opposite directions. The phase separation process induced by electron beam irradiation was found to be a function of accelerating voltage and the fluence of the irradiation. M09-03 ORAL FRIDAY 09:20-09:50 Invited Fabrication of Platinum and Iron Oxid Nanostructures Using Electron Beam Induced Techniques: K. Furuya1, M. Shimojo1,2, M. Takeguchi1, K. Mitsuishi1, M. Tanaka1 and M. Song1; 1High Voltage Electron Microscopy Station, National Institute for Materials Science, Japan, 2Advanced Science Research Laboratory,Saitama Institute of Technology, Japan Electron beam induced deposition (EBID) is a promising technique for fabricating nanometre-sized structures in a position-controlled manner. In this technique, organometallic precursors are decomposed by focused electron beams. Then, the non-volatile part of the decomposed precursor deposits on the substrate. As electron beams can be focused to a sub-nanometre scale in modern electron microscopes, the resolution of EBID is now reaching down to subnanometres. However, the deposits generally contain a large amount of amorphous carbon. This carbon contamination may be the most serious drawback and is preventing practical uses of EBID in nanodevice technology. In this study, nanostructures, such as nanowires, were fabricated by EBID using methyl cyclopenta dienyl platinum trimethyl (MeCpPtMe3) and iron pentacarbonyl (Fe(CO)5) precursors. M09-01 10:35-10:50 Sputtering as a Method for Low-temperature Fabrication of Nanomaterials: Masaki Tanemura1, 81 Masashi Kitazawa2, Ako Miyawaki1, Zhipeng Wang1, Yasuhiko Hayashi1 and Shu Ping Lau3; 1Department of Frontier Materials, Graduate School of Engineering,Nagoya Institute of Technology, Japan, 2 Olympus Co. Ltd., Japan, 3School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore Sputtering was demonstrated to be promising as a basic method to fabricate nanomaterials at low temperatures. Ion-irradiation of bulk carbon and carbon-coated substrates induced a formation of conical protrusions, and carbon nanofibers (CNFs) grew on the tips even at room temperature. Flexible displays and scanning probe microscope tips could be developed using the ion-induced CNFs. In addition, applications of ion-induced ZnO nanoneedles to ultraviolet laser emission devices and spintronics fields were also demonstrated. M09-04 Chair: Xiadong Han ORAL FRIDAY 82 10:50-11:20 Invited Impurity Effect on Dislocation Loop Formation in Fe-Cr Model Alloys: N. Hashimoto, T. Hasegawa and S Ohnuki; Hokkaido University, Japan Microstructural evolution in Fe-xCr alloys electron- irradiated at 100-500 ℃ up to 6.5 dpa were investigated in order to clarify effect of impurity on defect cluster formation and growth. In-situ irradiation experiments showed no effect of Cr concentration on dislocation loop formation and growth. Migration energy of vacancy in high purity alloys was smaller than that in low purity alloys. There was a tendency of greater dislocation loop density for lower purity alloys, indicating that trapping of interstitial atom by interstitial-type impurity would assist dislocation loop formation. Computer simulation based on the rate theory was in agreement with the experimental data. M09-05 Chair: J.Y. Park 11:20-11:35 Irradiation Effect on Microstructure of Modified SUS316 Stainless Steel Cladding Irradiated at Elevated Temperature to High Dose: S. Yamashita1, N. Akasaka1, K. Nishinoiri1 and H. Takahashi1,2; 1 Materials Monitoring Section, Fuels and Materials Department, O-arai Research and Development Center (ORDC), Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Japan, 2Center for Advanced Research of Energy Conversion Materials (CAREM), Hokkaido University, Japan Neutron irradiation behavior of modified SUS316 stainless steel (PNC316), which has been developed for Japanese fast breeder reactor fuel cladding, was investigated by means of transmission electron microscope (TEM). From the TEM analyses, it was found that significant improvement in the swelling resistance of PNC316 was mainly due to the formation of a stable phosphide that traps helium bubbles and retards the conversion of bubbles to voids. Results of detailed analyses of high-resolution TEM images including a matrix/phosphide interface structure would be presented and discussed in the meeting of APMC9. M09-06 11:35-11:50 Microstructure Analysis of Ion Irradiated Carbides: J.Y. Park, S.M. Kang, J.H. Park and W.J. Kim; Division of Nuclear Materials Research, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Korea One of the vital data sets for designing carbides for the next generation nuclear energy systems is the irradiation induced properties under a severe neutron irradiation. An ion irradiation has been used as an excellent tool for the simulation study of a neutron irradiation because of its advantages such as its simplicity, economical efficiency, capability of a high-fluence bombardment, a high temperature irradiation and a target versatility. In this work, various types of SiC and CVD-ZrC were prepared to compare some properties before and after an ion irradiation. SiC was irradiated by Si+2 ions at irradiation doses of 5 dpa and 20 dpa, and at RT, 600 ℃ and 1200 ℃ respectively. ZrC was irradiated by C+ ions up to 5 dpa at RT. The microsturctural changes were observed with the irradiation conditions by a Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) with selected area diffraction patterns. Microstructures of the ion-irradiated SiC were investigated by a cross- sectional SEM and TEM observation. The Focused Ion Beam (FIB) milling system was used to prepare the TEM samples. M09-07 11:50-12:05 Drift Motion of Radiation Defects by Externally Applied Stress: S.C. Kwon1, H.D. Cho1, J.H. Kwon1, W.-J. Moon2 and Y.-M. Kim2; 1Department of Nuclear Materials Technology Development, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Korea, 2Division of Electron Microscopic Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, Korea Irradiation with energetic particles to materials forms defect clusters known as dislocation loops. One dimensional motion of clusters occurs during high voltage microscope experiments. The driving force of the motion can be explained with the effect of strain field among clusters. The clusters move under the condition of no external stress. In this paper, an effect of external stress has been examined with in situ straining experiment after formation of clusters. We tried to use the results for explanation of clear channel formation. M09-08 M-06) Magnetic and Super-conducting Materials Organized by Jong Ryoul Kim Room Samda1 09:20 ~ 12:05 Chair: J.Y. Kim 09:20-09:50 Invited In Situ Observation of Magnetization Processes by Electron Holography and Lorentz Microscopy: D. Shindo, T. Yogo and Z. Akase; Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Japan Magnetization process of a soft-magnetic underlayer (SUL) consisting of Co72Ni11Fe17B is studied by electron holography with an MFM tip driven by the piezodriving holder. It is found that magnetic flux produced by the MFM tip is strongly trapped by the SUL, indicating its high magnetic permeability. By utilizing an alternating current (AC) magnetizing system, dynamic motion of domain walls in electrical steel sheets is also studied by Lorentz microscopy. It is observed that the domain walls are pinned at not only the precipitates, but also by their strain fields. M06-01 10:20-10:50 Invited Microstructural Features and Physical Properties in New Superconducting System of R[O1-xFx]FeAs (R=La, Pr, Ce): J.Q. Li, R.C. Che, H.X. Yang, C.Y. Liang, H.L. Shi, C. Ma and L.J. Zeng; Beijing Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Institute of Physics and Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China We report on TEM and EELS investigations of several newly discovered superconducting materials with nominal compositions of R[O1-xFx]FeAs (R=La, Pr, Ce). These superconducting materials in general have a much simple layered structure in comparison with cuprates. Our experimental results also demonstrate that the F substitution for O could result in not only local structural distortions but also notable change in valence state of the Fe ions. Structural defects and short-range ordered states appearing in the samples prepared under different conditions will be briefly discussed based on the high-resolution TEM observations. M06-04 Chair: Shindo Daisuke 10:50-11:05 Structural Investigation of GeMn Thin Films Grown on Ge and Si: Y. Wang1, J. Zou1, Z.M. Zhao2, X.H. Han2, X.Y. Zhou2 and K.L. Wang2; 1School of Engineering and Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Queensland, Australia, 2 Electrical Engineering, University of California at Los Angeles, USA M06-05 11:05-11:20 Low-Temperature Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Oriented Hard Magnetic L10-FePtCu Nanoparticles: Han-Wool Ryu, Kazuhisa Sato and Yoshihiko Hirotsu; The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Japan L10-FePt and FePtCu nanoparticles have been directly synthesized by co-evaporation of Fe, Pt and Cu using rf-magnetron sputtering onto NaCl substrate without any post-deposition annealing. The L10-FePtCu nanoparticles with a fine two-dimensional dispersion was formed at a low substrate temperature as low as 613 K. A maximum coercivity of 1.4 kOe (measured at room temperature) was obtained when the compo- ORAL FRIDAY 09:50-10:05 Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy of the LaOFeP Superconductor: R.C. Che, R.J. Xiao, C.Y. Liang, H.X. Yang, C. Ma, H.L. Shi and J.Q. Li; Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China The electronic band structures of a LaOFeP superconductor have been investigated by means of electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and first principles method. The fine structures of the EELS data have been carefully examined in both the low loss energy region (< 60 eV) and the core losses region (O K, Fe L2,3, and La M4,5). A slight bump edge at ~44 eV shows notable orientation- dependence: it can be observed in the low loss EELS spectra with q//c, but becomes almost invisible in the qc spectra. Annealing experiments indicate that low oxygen pressure favors the appearance of superconductivity in LaOFeP, this fact is also confirmed by the changes of Fe L2,3 and O K excitation edges in the experimental EELS data. The calculations of electronic structures indicate that the Fe atom in LaOFeP crystal shows a weak magnetic moment (0.14 μB/ atom) and does not form a long-range magnetic ordering. Band structure, Fermi surfaces and fluorine-doping effects are also analyzed based on the data of the density functional theory. M06-02 10:05-10:20 Magnetic Domain Structures in Al-doped La1-xSrx MnO3: K. Kshidome1, Y. Nagamine1, T. Asaka2, Y. Matsui1, S Sugai3 and K. Takenaka3, S. Mori1; 1Osaka Prefecture University, Japan, 2NIMS, Japan, 3Nagoya University, Japan M06-03 83 sition was Fe37Cu12Pt51. In the case of binary L10-FePt nanoparticles, the ordering process was slow and the coercivity value was lower than 1 kOe under the sputtering at 613K, and a particle-coalescence became prominent. These results indicated that the additive Cu is effective to fabricate hard magnetic L10-FePtCu nanoparticles at low substrate temperatures using rf-magnetron sputtering. The longrange-order (LRO) parameters of the individual ternary FePtCu and binary FePt alloy nanoparticles fabricated under 613 K were evaluated by nanobeam electron diffraction. The LRO parameters were determined by comparing nanobeam electron diffracttion intensities and calculated ones considering the multiple scattering. Also the size dependence of the LRO parameters for these nanoparticles were studied. M06-06 ORAL FRIDAY 84 11:20-11:35 HAADF and EELS Study on the Substitution and Distribution of Cobalt in Zn(Co)O by Multilayer Growth: Shu-Fang Chen1, Chuan-Pu Liu1, H.S. Hsu2 and J.C.A. Huang2; 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan, 2Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan Diluted magnetic semiconductors (DMSs) have attracted great attention for potential new-device applications in spin-based information-processing technologies [1]. In this work, Co-doped ZnO films were synthesized by alternatively sputtering very thin Co and ZnO layers for 25 periods at room temperature. The preparation of samples by multilayer-growth is very controllable and reproducible, both distribution and chemical states of Co in Zn(Co)O can be well controlled by varying the ratio of nominal layer thickness of ZnO(dZnO) to Co(dCo). The microstructures of the Zn(Co)O films were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in cross section. Brightfield TEM images shown in Fig. 1 indicated that all of the as-deposited Zn1-x(Co)xO films are polycrystalline with (11-20) preferred orientation. The distribution and chemical states of Co ions are identified by Z-contrast imaging and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), respectively. Fig. 2 is the STEM-HAADF images for Zn(Co)O films with different dCo. When dCo=0.1 nm, the ZnO/Co multilayer structure will become homogeneous Co-doped ZnO through inter-diffusion for dZnO=1.5 nm. On the other hand, Co clusters in the ZnO matrix (Fig. 2(b)) or Co-rich ZnO/ZnO multilayer (Fig. 2(c)) will form when decreasing or increasing dZnO, respectively. For the film with dZnO≧1.5 nm, Co is found to substitute for Zn, and its valence state is 2+ as evidenced by EELS studies shown in Fig. 3. Moreover, all Co-doped ZnO films show room-temperature ferromagnetic behavior; this appears to depend strongly on the Co distribution as well as the magnetic interaction between them. M06-07 11:35-11:50 Crystalline Behavior and Microstructure Analysis in Fe73.28Si13.43B8.72Cu0.94Nb3.63 Alloy with Annealing Temperature: Oh Young Hwa; Seoul National University, Korea M06-08 11:50-12:05 Microstructure Observation of MgB2/Ni Multilayered Film Prepared by Electron Beam Evaporation: H. Sosiati1, S. Hata2, T. Yoshidome2, N. Kuwano3, T. Doi4 and H. Kitaguchi5; 1HVEM, Kyushu University, Japan, 2Interdisciplinary GraduateSchool of Eng. Sci., Kyushu University, Japan, 3ASTEC, Kyushu University, Japan, 4Faculty of Engineering, Kagoshima University, Japan, 5National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Japan In-situ TEM observations reveal a structural phase transition related to the charge/orbital order in La0.5Sr1.5MnO4. The structure refinement using the multi-slice least-squares method demonstrates that the Mn atoms, at symmetry-equivalent sites at room temperature, are distributed at two nonequivalent sites in CO phase. Based on this structure data, first-principles calculation reveals certain features in electronic structure: the density of states exhibits a band gap at the Fermi level; charge disproportionation and orbital ordering are visible in the contour map of charge-density; the dx2-z2 or dy2-z2 orbital ordering is demonstrated, which is different from the dz2-zigzag pattern in cubic perovskite. M06-09 L-06) Cells and Tissues Structures Organized by Eun Soo Kim, Byung-Kap Jeong and Toru Noda Room 301 09:20 ~ 11:30 Chairs: Eun Soo Kim, Byung-Kap Jeong, Jae-Hyun Lee, Byoung Soo Chang, InSun Kim and Toru Noda 09:20-09:50 Invited Visualization of West Nile prM Mutant Viruses in BHK Cells Revealed a Novel Function of Tyrosine 78 in Virus Assembly: Terence Tan Tze Tong and Mary Ng Mah Lee; Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine. National University of Singapore, Singapore West Nile virus (WNV) is an arthropod-borne virus that belongs to the flaviviridae family, which 09:50-10:20 Up-regulation of Interferon Regulatory Factor (IRF) 2 During West Nile Virus (WNV) Infection in Brain Cells is a Virus-anti-host Mechanism: K.L. Yeo and M.L. Ng; Flavivirology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore West Nile Virus infection in human can lead to fatal encephalitis. Electron micrographs of WNV-infected glial cells at 24 h p.i. showed that there were no virus induced structures and the virus particles matured within vacuoles. The main mode of exclusion of the virus was found to be via exocytosis and some budding of the virus particles were also observed. Subsequent real-time PCR performed on WNV-infected glial cells revealed significant upregulation of IRF 2. Enzyme-linked immunesorbentassay (ELISA) on the amount of IFN produced post-WNV infection showed that the enhanced or reduced virus titers were independent of the amount of IFN present. This study thus shows that the up-regulation of IRF 2 during WNV infection in the brain is an anti-host mechanism to prolong WNV infection in the brain. Extended IFN production in response to the infection leads to an apoptotic state of the cell. Uncovering of the IRF 2-dependent mechanism(s) of WNV infection in the brain would undoubtedly reveal novel molecular targets for anti-viral treatment. L06-18 10:20-10:30 Coffee break 10:30-10:45 Heavy Metals in Leaves of Avicennia marina: Y. Naidoo, T. Hiralal and G. Naidoo; School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu–Natal,South Africa Heavy metal contamination in mangroves is of critical concern due to its accumulative and adverse effects in aquatic ecosystems. This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of mercury (Hg2+), lead (Pb2+), copper (Cu2+) and zinc (Zn2+) on plant responses in Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh. A. marina plants were grown for eleven months in pots contaminated with Hg2+, Pb2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ at concentrations of 40, 80, 120 and 160ppm (1ppm=1µg ml-1). SEM X-ray microanalyses confirmedsecretion of Cu2+ and Zn2+ ions as well as salt (NaCl-) from glandular structures on both the adaxial and abaxial surfaces of leaves; however Hg2+ and Pb2+ were not detected. The study indicates that Cu2+, Zn2+ are taken up by roots and transported to shoots. In addition, only Cu2+ and Zn2+ are secreted via the glands. L06-19 ORAL FRIDAY also includes other medically important pathogens such as Dengue and Japanese Encephalitis viruses. WNV is the etiological agent that is responsible for the infamous encephalitis outbreak in New York city in 1999. The successful establishment of WNV in the Americas is largely attributed to its unique capability to infect a wide number of mosquito species and to use birds as amplifying hosts. The WNV caused a wide spectrum of diseases in mammals and humans, ranging from fever to paralysis and meningo-encephalitis. Currently, no approved vaccines or antiviral therapeuticsare yet available for the treatment of WNV infection. The ultrastructural understanding of WNV assembly process is important for development of potential therapeutic agents. The WNV particle is made up of the nucleocapsid surrounded by a lipid bilayer of envelope (E) and membrane/ precursor membrane (M/prM) proteins. The prM protein mediates the folding of the viral E protein and protects the E protein against premature acidification during virus maturation. Currently, the molecular basis of prM functions in virus assembly is still poorly defined. The bioinformatic analysis of flavivirus amino acids sequences discovered a cluster of highly conserved residues in the prM protein that are yet to be characterized. To investigate the functional significance of these residues, mutagenesis work in WNV infectious clone were carried out to generate mutant WNV viruses. In this study, we seek to delineate the residue that is responsible for the abolishment of infectivity in a non-infectious WNV mutant virus (T7689) that carries triple mutations at 76th, 78th and 79th positions of the prM protein. The effects of mutations on virus infectivity and assembly were carried out using immuno-fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy. The immuno-fluorescenceresults obtained demonstrated that Valine 76, Arginine 77 and Glycine 79 residues of prM protein are dispensable for WNV infectivity in BHK cells. In addition, Alanine replacement of Tyrosine 78 completely abolished the virus infectivity in both BHK and C6/36 cells, indicating that the residue is critical for virus replication. Trans complementation studies using BHK cells expressing wild type prM protein was able to resuscitate Y78A mutant virus while infectivity is not restored when complementationwas carried out in BHK cells expressing mutant prM protein (Y78A or T7689). The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicated that mutation at Tyrosine 78 completely abolished the formation of virus particle. This confirmed that Tyrosine residue at 78th position of prM protein, a highly conserved residue among the flaviviruses, plays a critical role in WNV assembly process. L06-17 85 10:45-11:00 Use a Desktop SEM to Efficiently Check the False Veins and Spicular Cells in the Leaves of Three Taxa in Pteridaceae Sensu Lato: T.-T. Kao1, S.-J. Chen1, W.-L. Chiou2 and L.-L. Kuo-Huang1; 1 Department of Life Science, Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, Taiwan, 2Division of Forest Biology, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, Taiwan In this study, the false vein and spicular cells of three taxa in Pteridaceae s.l. were checked by using a desktop SEM (TM-1000). False veins are significantly lighter than other normal epidermal cells. The results of EDS trace element analysis and Si dot map showed that the major component of false vein is silica, so the false vein is compose of spicular cells. By using the desktop SEM, we provide an efficient method to check false vein and spicular cells. This may be a chance for us to deal with the evolutionary questions of these structures in Pteridaceae s.l.. L06-20 ORAL FRIDAY 86 11:00-11:15 Ultrastructure Development of Fiber Cell Wall in Bamboo Culm of Phyllostachys Pubescens: B Liu, X M Jiang and Y F Yin; Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, China The cell wall thickness and layers of fibre in Phyllostachys pubescens, during a whole developmental progress from shooting to 9-years-old, were observed by TEM. Huge changes happened in the thickening and the number of wall layers. Within 1 year, fibre cell had a rapid wall thickening and layer increasing. The main wall deposition was formed in the years of 1-9. In 6-years-old culm, thickness and number of fibre cell wall layers reached the maximum. Finally, fibre ce! ll built a fine multilamellate concentric structure with thin and thick lamellae alternate. L06-21 11:15-11:30 Cellular Changes in Fiber Cell During Differentiation of Secondary Xylem in Populus tomentosa Carr: Y F Yin, X M Jiang and B Liu; Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, China The cellular changes in differentiating secondary xylem cells of Populus tomentosa Carr., consisted of two synchronous processes of cytoplast degenerating and cell wall thickening, were studied by using TEM. Different differentiating types were observed in fiber cell based on cytoplast changes. When the cambial cell developed in the expansion phase into xylem, there were two differentiating types, autolysis in situ and condensation, observed in fiber cell. Secondary wall started to deposit by the end of the cell expansion phase. Two similar differentiating types were occurred in fiber cell at the secondary wall thickening phase.Key Words: Secondary xylem, Fiber cell, Cell wall, Cytoplast, Populus tomentosa Carr. L06-22 POSTER PRESENTATION November 04, 2008 TUESDAY 1st Floor 13:00 ~ 14:00 I-01) TEM and STEM Instrumentation Organized by Joong-Keun Park and Kunio Takayangi Aberration-Free STEM Imaging System Incorporating Parallel Detection and Processing Techniques Using a Multidetector Array: Y. Takai1, M. Taya1, Y. Kimura1 and T. Ikuta2; 1Department of Material and Life Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan, 2 Department of Electronics and Lightwave Sciences, Osaka Electro-Communication University, Osaka, Japan A parallel image detection and image processing system for scanning transmission electron microscopy was developed using a multidetector array consisting of a multi anode photomultiplier tube arranged in an 8 ⅹ 8 square array. The system enables the taking of 64 images simultaneously from different scattered directions with a scanning time of 2.6 s. Using the 64 images, phase and amplitude contrast images of gold particles on an amorphous carbon thin film could be separately reconstructed by applying respective figure 8 shaped band-pass Fourier filters for each image and multiplying the phase and amplitude reconstructing factors. I01-13 Wet-Cell for Liquid Environmental bioTEM Fabricated with MEMS Technology: T.W. Huang1, S.H. Huang1, C.H. Hsu1, C.S. Chang2, Jessie Shiue2, Y.K. Hwu2, F.G. Tseng1 and F.R. Chen1,2; 1Engineering and System Science Department, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan, ROC, 2Institute of Physics, Academic Sinica, Taiwan, The purpose of this research is to develop a wetcell sealing the liquid biological sample to carry out Environmental Transmission Electron Microscopy observation. The device fabricated with MEMS technology can be used in conventional TEM holder directly, need not install any hardware additional. Two kinds of particle solution, 80nm gold particle and 500nm polystyrene particle, was demonstrated under TEM with 100keV accelerate voltage. The motion of PS particle in solution has been observed under electron beam radiation. I01-15 POSTER TUESDAY Aberration-Free Imaging by Dynamic Hollow-cone Illumination in Transmission Electron Microscopy: K. Kitade1, H. Yoshimori1, T. Ikuta2, Y. Kimura1 and Y. Takai1; 1Department of Material and Life Science, Osaka University, Japan, 2Department of Lightwave Science, Faculty of Information and Communication Engineering, Osaka Electro-Communication University, Osaka, Japan Images taken under tilted illumination in TEM include spherical and chromatic aberration-free components. By utilizing these components routinely, Ikuta proposed aberration-free imaging under dynamic hollow-cone illumination (HCI). However, resolution beyond the information limit under axial illumination had not yet been achieved. In this paper, we report that resolution beyond the information limit under axial illumination has been achieved at an accelerating voltage of 60 kV. Furthermore, we report that an annular objective aperture was inserted into the back focal plane of the objective lens in order to improve the S/N of the restored image. I01-12 Development of Direct Single Electron Detection type CCD Camera for Transmission Electron Microscope: Y. Kimura1, M. Hayashida1, T. Iyasu1, T. Nagatomi1, T. Maruno2 and K. Hara2; 1Department of Material and Life Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan, 2 Systems Division, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., Japan A new imaging system has been developed for the high-resolution observation using a transmission electron microscope (TEM) under very low electron dose condition. This imaging system consists of a direct single electron detection type CCD device, which removes the gain fluctuation caused by conversions between electron and photon. In this paper, we show (1) the result of single electron detection with a TEM, (2) the distribution of the signal charge generated by the single electron impact and (3) the images taken by the direct single electron detection type CCD device. I01-14 Uranium Single Atom Imaging and EELS Mapping Using Aberration Corrected STEM and LN2 Cold Stage: Hiromi Inada1, J. Wall2, Y. Zhu2, V. Volkov2, K. Nakamura3, M. Konno3, K. Kaji3 and K. Jarausch4; 1Nanotech Systems Division, Hitachi High Technologies America, Inc., 5100 Franklin Dr. Pleasanton, CA 94588 USA, 2Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA, 3Nanotech Products Business Group, Hitachi High Technologies Corp., 884 Ichige, Hitachinaka, Ibaraki, 312-8504 Japan, 4 Gatan Inc., 5794 W. Las Positas Blvd. Pleasanton, CA 94588 USA Single heavy atoms on a thin carbon substrate represent a nearly ideal test specimen to evaluate STEM performance. Cooling to −160℃ using LN2 cold stage holder. The images presented show clear single atoms and small aggregates with atom-atom 87 separation of 0.34nm. The line profiles obtained by simultaneous spectrum imaging and HAADF show very similar appearance with features less than 0.2nm FWHM. Based on measurements with the Hitachi HD2700C, CEOS aberration corrector and Gatan high resolution Enfina spectrometer, we conclude that the instrument is capable of producing a probe size is <0.1nm and suitable for high-resolution mapping. I01-16 I-08) FIB and Sample Preparation POSTER TUESDAY Organized by Moon-Hi Hong and Hiang Lian Hing Application of Video Recording Method for the Milling Process of Biological Specimens by Focused Ion Beam (FIB) in Scanning Electron Microscope: I. Ohta1, Y. Muranaka1 and H.L. Hing2; 1 Research Equipment Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan, 2Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (National University of Malaysia), 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia In nanobiotechnology, Focused ion beam (FIB) system has been applied to specimen such as microbes, blood vessels, glomeruli, the inner ears, and parasite eggs as a method to mill them into an optimal minute size for observing internal fine structure in voluntary sites in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) specimen. Recently the automatic CUT & SEE system has been developed, which can make an animation by using the successive SEM images obtained after repeatedly milling process by FIB. We applied this system to biological specimen, such as culture cells, free cells, and parenchymal cells. I08-14 New Dispersion Technique of Nano Particles for TEM Observation: Byung Kyu Park1, Tae Hwan Kim1, Sang-Hee Lee2, Jee-Young Lee2, Dong Sik Bae3, Youn-Joong Kim2 and Won-Jin Moon1; 1Koera Basic Science Institute Gwang-Ju Center, 300 Yongbong- dong, Book-gu, Gwangju 500-757, Korea, 2 Korea Basic Science Institute, 113 Gwahangno, Yusung-gu, Daejeon 305-333, Korea, 3Nano & Advanced Materials Engineering, Changwon National University, Sarim-dong, Changwon, Gyeongam 641-773, Republic of Korea The most difficult work for analyzing nanoparticles by TEM is to quantify or to identify each nano-particle from overlapped nano-particles. In the TEM specimens prepared with general sampling method it is very difficult to avoid aggregation of 88 nano-particles even though dispersant is added. In this work, we focused on development of new dispersion technique which can be extensively applied to diverse nano-particles. New technique was developed by improving the conventional formvar support film method. I08-15 Comparison of Physical Properties of Metal Coating Material for Pre-processing of Scanning Electron Microscope: Byung Chan Lee1, Hyo Kwan Nam2 and Sung Ho Lee1; 1Nano practical application center, Daegu Technopark, Daegu, Korea, 2Instrumental Analysis Center, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan-ci, Gyeongbuk, Korea This trial analyzed their surface morphology and electric conductivity after coating Au, Pt, Pt-Pd and Os with the same thickness of 6nm. It can be said that it is a good coating-material to observe nano-size substances as electric conductivity of Os is about 3.43×10-3 S/cm and the granular texture does not appear in the high-magnification with images magnified to hundreds of thousands of times. I08-16 The Effect of Accelerating Voltage of Focused Ion Beam on the Formation and Thickness of Amorphous Layer in Steel: Jae Deok Kim1, Ki Hwan Kim1, Ki Jung Hong1, Kwang Soo Shin1, Shin Hwa Park1, Yeong Ki Kim2 and Yoon Huh1; 1 Characterization and Analysis Department, Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology (RIST), Pohang 790-330, Korea, 2Department of FAB Operation, National Center for Nanomaterials Technology (NCNT), Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 790-784, Korea The effect of accelerating voltage of focused ion beam (FIB) on the formation and thickness of amorphous layer in steel has been reported in this study. The thickness of amorphous layer formed by FIB milling was measured with changes of accelerating voltage and final thinning time at the constant values of both the current and incidence angle of the ion beam. I08-17 I-02) SEM Instrumentation Organized by Jondo Yun and Brendan Griffin Development and Evaluation of Specimen Holder of Scanning Electron Microscope for Observation of Transmitted Ultra-thin Sections by Secondary Electron Image: Y. Murranaka and I. Ohta; Research Equipment Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Hamamatsu. 431-3192, Japan We developed and evaluated the special specimen holder of SEM to observe the transmitted electron images of ultra-thin section for TEM by secondary electron of SEM. The specimen holder made of aluminum or carbon is equipped with the grid stage, the plate for generation of secondary electron and the objective aperture. Whole grid areas can be easily observed by the functions of tilting and rotation. By the holder, the quality of secondary images of TEM specimens by the field emission SEM was comparable to that of TEM images. Moreover, developed holder is useful for X-ray element analysis in the section. I02-14 TESCAN FEG SEM for Investigation of Extraord Inary Large Samples: Martin Zadrazil; TESCAN, Czech republic. Tescan instrumentation, technical background, long tradition of electron optics research, experience of many-years in the designing and production of scanning electron microscope, professional qualifycations of Tescan staff as well as the general reputation of Tescan brought the company to a project of the king size SEM chamber for investigation of extraordinary large samples. The chamber in combination with the MIRA-High Resolution Schottky Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope offers high quality imaging and analysis on samples up to 800mm in diameter. I02-16 Microstructural Analysis of Ultrafine Grained Materials Using EBSD: J.-H. Kang1, Y.-K. Lee2, S.-H. Choi3 and S.-H. Kim1; 1Korea Institute of Materials Science, Sangnam, Changwon 641-831, Korea, 2Yonsei University, 134 Sinchon, Seodaemun, Seoul 120-749, Korea, 3Sunchon National University, 315 Maegok, Sunchon 540-742, Korea Microstructure and texture of several ultrafine grained materials were investigated using Electron Comparative of Stamen and Gynoecium of Genus Desmos Loureiro Fl. and Polyalthia (Annonaceae) in Malaysia: S. Normalawati, R. Suhaniza and H. L. Hing; Electron Microscope Unit, Faculty Science and Technology Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor MALAYSIA Comparative morphology study was carried out deference groups on stamen and gynoecium of 6 species of Annonaceae. Six species were studied: Desmos chinensis Lour. Fl., Desmos cochinchinensis Lour. Fl., Polyalthia sumatrana (Miq.) Kurz., Polyalthiaoblique Hk. F et. Thoms., Polyalthia lateritia J. Sinclair and Polyalthia asteriella Ridley. The data show significant difference between the genera examined and are congruent with the some species on Annonaceae. Variation in stamens and gynoecium ultra structure could be used as additional characteristic between the species studied. I02-18 POSTER TUESDAY Ostracoda in Seagrass Bed at Pulau Tinggi, Johor, Malaysia: S. Idris, Noraswana Nor Faiz, Ramlan Omar and S. Normalawati; School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, National University of Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor This study was carried out to determine the presence of ostracoda in seagrass bed from 3 sampling stations around Pulau Tinggi, Johor, Malaysia. A total of 31 species from 13 families were found and had been determined. The families were Paracytherididae, Trachyleberididae, Hemicytheridae, Xestoleberididae, Bairdiidae, Schizocytheridae, Cytherellidae, Loxonchidae, Cytherideidae, Leptocytheridae, Pectocytheridae, Macro-cyprididae and Paradoxostomatidae. I02-15 backscattered diffraction (EBSD) technique accompanied with special sample preparation. For quantitative observation, appropriate sample preparations and settings of Hough calculations should be applied. I02-17 Design and Simulation of a Miniature SEM: Hui-Fang Chuang1, Ying-Shuo Tseng1 and Fu-Rong Chen2; 1National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Taiwan, 2Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing-Hua University, Taiwan We try to demonstrate a miniature SEM of less than 30cm with magnetic lens to obtain a reasonable aberration. It includes three magnetic round lenses, one for main focusing and the other for pre-focusing; besides that, one magnetic deflection system to control the high energy beam of 15keV to scan the interesting area. Using Munro’s program, so far, we obtained the spherical aberration of 8 cm at a working distance of 12 mm. We work toward the lower aberration by considering the aberration correction multipole elements into the system. I02-19 Negative Charging Simulation of a SiO2 Thin Film in LVSEM: Wei-Qin Li, Hai-Bo Zhang, Dan-Wei Wu and Xing Wu; Department of Electronic Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, People’s Republic of China The negative charging process due to electron beam irradiation has been clarified for a grounded SiO2 thin film in the low-voltage SEM with numerical simulation. Results show that electrons can transcend the scattering region and arrive at the substrate to form the leakage current. The negative charging process tends to equilibrium as the leakage current increases. In the equilibrium state, a thicker 89 film or lower electron mobility will cause the higher density of positive space charges outside of the electron range and therefore the stronger local surface electric field that makes more secondary electrons redistribute to the surface. I02-20 POSTER TUESDAY Acanthamoeba spp.: The Scanning Electron Microscopic Study of Strains Isolated From Malaysia: A.G.M. Kamel1, D.C.Z. Suriani1, A. Norazah2, S. Normalawati1 and H.L. Hing1; 1Dept. of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abd. Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 2Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia From our observation using SEM, the cysts of Acanthamoeba isolated from the water and soil conformed to Group 2 (Polyphagid) and Group 3 (Culbertsonid) respectively. Group 2 were represented by cysts with average diameter of less than 18um. The ectocyst and the endocyst are either close together or widely separated. The ectocyst may be thick or thin and is usually wrinkled or mamillated; the endocyst may be stellate, polygonal, triangular, or sometimes round or oval and usually does not have well developed arms or rays. The operculum, at the junction of the endocyst and ectocyst, is in a depression formed by the infolding of the ectocyst. While for group 3, the mean diameter of the cysts is also less than 18µm but the ectocyst in this group is thin and is either gently rippled or unrippled.This study confirms that majority of Acanthamoeba species isolated from the soil and aquatic environment in Malaysia mainly belongs to the Polyphagid and Culbersonid group. I02-21 Keunbong Lee2, Seunghwa Jung2 and Jondo Yun2; Center for Instrumental Analysis, Kyungnam University, 449 Woryeongdong, Masan, Korea, 2 Department of Materials Engineering, Kyungnam University, 449 Woryeongdong, Masan, Korea The effect of additives on microstructure and mechanical properties of zirconium silicate was investigated by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). As the sintering temperature increased, the mullite, tetragonal zirconia and monoclinc zirconia phases were found to be formed more easily, and the mechanical properties thus decreased. Excess silica may have inhibited dissociation of zirconium silicate. I02-23 1 Characterization of Nanowhiskers of Manganese Oxide : Jondo Yun1, Chunsheng Du2 and Nigel Browning3; 1Department of Nano Science and Engineering, Kyungnam University, Masan, 631-701, Korea, 2 Division of Textile and Clothing, University of California at Davis, CA95616, USA, 3Division of Materials Science, University of California at Davis, CA95616, USA Nanowhiskers of manganese oxide were characterized by electron microscopy and spectroscopy. Bundle of nanosize whiskers grew from the surface of nanoparticles of hausmannite, Mn3O4. Grown nanowhiskers had various phases, with oxygen content in a range of 0.7-1.6. Nanowhiskers contained point or planar type lattice defects. I02-24 I-03) HV-TEM Organized by Youn-Joong Kim and Hirotaro Mori 90 Environmental SEM Application Technique of SEM and STEM -WET STEM-: M. Nakamura, S. Sadayama and N. Suzuki; FEI Company Japan Ltd., NanoPort Japan, NSS-2 Bldg. 1F, 13-34 Kohnan 2-chome, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-0075, Japan Recently with the development of ESEM, imaging of samples containing water under a high vacuum has been achieved. However, in the case of samples covered with liquid, conventional ESEM can provide images only the top surface of the liquid. Therefore STEM was applied. By using STEM, inside information of the samples can be observed. Wet STEM in combination with ESEM technology and STEM system has been developed. It allows transparent imaging of a liquid phase sample or a sample submerged in liquid without any pre-treatment. We applied this technique to some wet samples with other exciting applications in the process. I02-22 Design of an Observation Support System for a 3MV Ultrahigh Voltage Electron Microscope: Kiyokazu Yoshida1, Ryuji Nishi1, Tadao Furutsu2 and Hirotaro Mori1; 1Research Center for Ultra High Voltage Electron Microscopy, Osaka University, 7-1, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan, 2 Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation, 882, Ichige, Hitachinaka, Ibaraki 312-8504, Japan An observation support system for a 3MV ultrahigh voltage electron microscope, which allows determination of a field of interest from a remote laboratory and allows subsequent automatic observation/ imaging of a sample, was designed. The design includes the following developments: high-precisionspecimen-tilting device, auto-correction software, high-speed imaging, and so on. I03-09 Characterization of Zirconium Silicate Body Sintered with Oxide Additives : Hongrim Lee1, Pit Plug Morphogenesis in Ptilota filicina (Rhodophyta) by HVEM and Electron Tomo- Research of the Fabrication for Al Nanocrystal Embedded in Small-Molecular-Weight Organic Nonvolatile Memory Cell using K.B.S.I-HVEM: Y. H. Oh1, S. H. Seo1, W. S. Nam1, G. S. Lee1, J. G. Park1 and Y. M. Kim2; 1Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Tera-bit Nonvolatile Memory Development Center, Hanyang University, 133-791, Seoul, Korea, 2Electron Microscopy Team, Korea Basic Science Institute, 305-333, Daejeon, Korea To investigate electrical characteristics of small-molecular-weight organic nonvolatile memory cell with Al nanocrystal, we developed the device structure of Al/α-NPD(N, N'-bis(1-naphthyl)-1,1'biphenyl4-4''diamine)/Al nanocrystal surrounded by Al2O3/α-NPD/Al. Memory characteristic is appeared by charging or discharging electrons on Al nanocrystals. We use O2 plasma oxidation to fabricate Al nanocrystal. High voltage electron microscope (HVEM) is used to demonstrate formation of nanocrystal and confirm relation between memory behavior and nanocrystal. As a result, grain boundary and fringe of nanocrystal are shown in HVEM image. I03-11 Tomography Observation for Thick Sample by Combining of plural 3D Reconstructed Volumes in Ultra-High Voltage Electron Microscope: R. Nishi, H. Ochiai, T. Hasegawa and A. Takaoka; Research Center for Ultra-High Voltage Electron Microscopy, Osaka University, 7-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan We can obtain the images of 5-µm-thick slices with tilt angle of 60 degrees and can reconstruct 3D images by 3 MV ultra-HVEMs in Osaka University. However, as often as not, for biological samples exceed the limitation of the observable thickness. We tried to combine the reconstructed volumes to the ultra-HVEM tomography. We made the periodically arranged markers by FIB before slicing the sample by microtome due to observation area matching. We could succeed to combine three 3 µm-thick specimens and we could observe totally 9 µm-thick volume. I03-12 Electron-beam-induced Reduction of Vanadium Pentoxide Nanowires: H.Y. Jeong1, J.Y. Lee1, B.H. Kim2, H.Y. Yu2, S.Y. Oh2; 1Department of Materials and Science and Technology, KAIST, Daejeon, Korea, 2Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon, Korea Vanadium pentoxide nanowires were prepared by the sol/gel technique of polycondensation of vanadic acid in water. Figure 1 shows the bright field image of V2O5 nanowires attached on the TEM grid. It was confirmed that the V2O5 nanowires have a ribbonlike structure with a width of 20-30nm and length of a few micrometers. The high-resolution TEM image as shown in Figure 2 reveal that a V2O5 nanowire was not well-ordered crystalline structure and rather amorphous phase with locally ordered crystalline region. It was firstly observed from Figure 3 and 4 that this amorphous structure was changed into well-ordered VO phase(cubic, a=4.1Å) with the {200} lattice images (d space= 2.05Å). This is due to the reduction mechanism induced by electron beam irradiation energy and ultra-high vacuum condition in TEM specimen chamber. I03-13 POSTER TUESDAY graphy: Sang-Hee Lee1, Jin-Gyu Kim1, Jong-Man Jeong1, Sun-Gyu Lee1, Won-Gu Jung1, Ju-Yeon Lee1, Jee-Young Lee1, Hye-Jin Cho1, Eun-Ju Lee1, Soo-Jin Kim1, Hee-Seok Kweon1, Hyeong-Tae Jou2, Norishige Yotsukura3 and Youn-Joong Kim1; 1Korea Basic Science Institute, 52 Yeoeun-Dong, YuseongGu,Daejeon 305-333, Korea, 2Korea Ocean Research & Development Institute, 1270 SA2 Dong, Ansan 426-744, 3Muroran Marine Station, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Muroran 051-0003, Japan In this study, we investigated the ultrastructural morphogenesis of pit plug in Ptilota filicina by Electron Tomography. We discovered the growth patterns of pit plug were changed during cell growth. After cell division, the initial pit plug, a small round shape, is observed and then, it grows in length and forms in peanut shape. Later, the peanut shaped pit plug grows in volume and forms in hamburger shape. I03-10 In situ Transmission Electron Microscopy Study of In-Sb-Te Thin Films: C. S. Kim1, E. T. Kim1, J. Y. Lee1 and Y. T. Kim2; 1Department on Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, 335 Gwahangno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Korea, 2Semiconductor Materials and Device Laboratory, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 39-1 Hawolgok-dong, Seongbuk-ku, Seoul 136-791, Korea In a previous work, the crystallization temperature of IST thin films was 280℃ and the activation energy was about 1.8eV. Fig. 1 shows HRTEM images for the crystallization behavior of IST thin films annealed at 300℃, 350℃, 400℃, 450℃, respectively. It was observed from Fig. 1(a) and (b) that an amorphous IST thin film has been crystallized in 4nm-sized grains having a Zincblende structure of InSb phase and their grain size increase about 7 nm. As the temperature increases, InSb phases change into In3SbTe2 phases and InTe phases. The crystal structure of them is NaCl structure and TlSe type respectively, as shown in Fig. 1(c) and (d). I03-14 Microstructural Analysis of Sb-Se-Te Thin Films 91 POSTER TUESDAY Crystallization by Using in Situ High Voltage Electron Microscopy: J.M. Yoon1, E.T. Kim1, J.Y. Lee1 and Y.T. Kim2; 1Department on Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, 335 Gwahangno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Korea, 2Semiconductor Materials and Device Laboratory, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 39-1 Hawolgok-dong, Seongbuk-ku, Seoul 136-791, Korea Crystallization of the SST thin films was done by in situ heating in a TEM. Atomic resolution images were observed by using high voltage electron microscopy (JEM-ARM1300S, Jeol Ltd.) at 130℃ and 350℃ annealed SST. At the initial growth stage, small size of grain is crystallized randomly throughout the whole thin films as shown Figure 1. When the thin film was fully crystallized, specific region like columnar shape area was observed in the thin film as shown Figure 2. But, it does not occur on a regular basis throughout the whole thin film. It turned out that the columnar shape structure was Sb2Se3 as shown Figure 3 (c). I03-15 Microstructural Analysis of In Doped Ge-Sb-Te Thin Films using High Voltage Electron Microscopy: Y. I. Kim1, E. T. Kim1, J. Y. Lee1 and Y. T. Kim2; 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, 335 Gwahangno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea, 2Semiconductor Materials and Device Laboratory, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 39-1 Hawolgokdong, Seongbuk-ku, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea Figure 1 shows HRTEM images for the crystallization behavior of the In-doped GST thin films as deposited and annealed at 250℃, 300℃, 420℃, respectively. Figure 1(a) shows that the as deposited film was amorphous state. Amorphous thin film has been crystallized in 4nm-sized grains having In2Te3 phases (cubic, a=18.48 Å) with the {333} lattice image (d space=3.56 Å) at 250℃, as shown in figure 1(b). From the figure 1(c) and (d), it is confirmed that In2Te3 grain size increases as temperature increases. In2Te3 phase not having Ge and Sb elements was only observed in this in-situ experiment. This is probably due to over doped In elements identified from Auger Electron Spectroscopy data (not shown in this abstract). I03-16 Polymorphism of Mitochondria in Cultured Astrocyte with High Voltage Electron Microscopy: Jee-woong Kim, Hyun-wook Kim, Se Jung Lee, Soojin Kim and Im Joo Rhyu; Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea Mitochondria are dynamic organelles with morphological variations closely linked to many cellular 92 processes, including development, cell cycle progression and death. The morphological changes of mitochondria are closely linked to functional status of the cells. But, functional significance of the different shape of the mitchondria is not fully understood. We investigated the morphology of the mitochondria in the cultured astrocyte with high voltage electron microscopy (HVEM) without sectioning. The whole mount astrocytes on the grid were investigated with JEM-ARM 1300S (KBSI, DaeJeon Korea) or H-xx(NIPS, Okazaki, Japan) at 1M voltage. We could put mitochondria into four categories; linear type (45%), branched type (25%), circular type (22%), and ball type (8%). The significance of this polymorphism will be examined using some experimental conditions such as serum deprivation and apoptosis inducing models. I03-17 Electron Transmission and Imaging Quality of a Tilted Thick Specimen in the Ultra-HVEM: Hai-Bo Zhang1, Fang Wang1, Zhi-Fei Xue1, Ryuji Nishi2 and Akio Takaoka2; 1Department of Electronic Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, People’s Republic of China, 2Research Center for Ultrahigh Voltage Electron Microscopy, Osaka University, 7-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan Electron transmission and images of a tilted 5 μm thick specimen are measured for different accelerating voltages in the ultra-HVEM. The imaging quality is then assessed by a series of images of 100-nm diameter gold particles located on the bottom surface of the specimen. The electron transmission and image quality of the thick specimen are analyzed with Bothe’s theory. The decrease of electron transmission and the degradation of image quality are both shown to result mainly from multiple elastic scattering. Therefore, the higher accelerating voltage can raise both transmission electrons and imaging quality of micron-scale tilted thick specimens. I03-18 Improvement of Cryo-transfer Holder Performance for Cryo-HVEM: Jong-Man Jeong, Seon-Gyu Lee and Youn-Joong Kim; Division of Electron Microscopic Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 305-333, Korea During the Cryo-EM experiments of biological materials using HVEM we experienced ice damage of the specimen despite that the readout temperature of the LN2 holder was in safe temperature ranges. We noticed that the thermocouple (silicon diode sensor) inside the cryo-transfer holder was located at 104 mm from the specimen cradle where the specimen is loaded. In previous Cryo-EM studies the real specimen temperature has usually been estimated or calculated from the readout temperature. We attempted to develop a direct method to measure the real specimen temperature. I03-19 I-09) Advanced Optical Microscopy and Scanning Probe Microscopy Organized by Haeseong Lee, Wonho Jhe and Hirofumi Yamada Mechanical Properties of Nanometric Wire of Water: Jongwoo Kim, Manhee Lee, Baekman Sung and Wonho Jhe; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea Water has been one of the perfect newtonian viscous liquids, which are exactly described by navier-stokes equation. Recently, it, however, was found that the effective shear viscosity of water confined between mica crystals at 10nm thickness is very different from the one of 3-dimensional bulk water. While some researchers have measured very high viscoelasticity of the confined liquid, the other researchers reported the fluidic nature of water confined between mica surfaces at 0-3.5 nm interfacial separation like bulk-water viscosity. These conflicting results concerning the mechanical properties of nanometric water have been continually reported for the past several years. None of them clearly clarified the mechanical properties of nanometric water, and the detailed behavior of the viscoelasticity within a tip-sample separation less Feedback Cooling of a Massive Resonator, Quartz Tuning-fork, in Air and Vacuum: Bong Su Kim, Manhee Lee, Baekman Sung and Wonho Jhe; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea Recently, the cooling of a mechanical resonator through active feedback control has been interested for many researchers and the experiment for a cantilever cooling by using feedback control in vacuum has been done by M. Poggio et al. While the recent cooling experiments have been done by tiny cantilever in vacuum, we performed the feedback cooling experiment in air and vacuum by using a very massive harmonic oscillator, a tuning fork, which has been used as an useful force sensor due to its high stiffness and dynamic oscillation property in scanning probe microscopy (SPM) such as near field scanning optical microscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM). This technique is expected to study the low temperature micro state effect of macroscopic object in air. I09-09 POSTER TUESDAY Development of TR (translation-rotation) Holders for Advanced HVEM: S.Y. Lee1, D.R. Kim1, J.M. Lee1, H.S. Kim1, M.H. Kook1, G.H. Kim1, S.B. Youn1, J.-M. Jeong2, S.-G. Lee2 and Y.-J. Kim2; 1Division of Instrument Development, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 305-333, Korea, 2Division of Electron Microscopic Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 305-333, Korea In order to take full advantages of the KBSI-HVEM, which has capabilities of high penetration (1.3 MV), high resolution (0.12 nm, point-to-point) and high tilting (±60°), it is very desirable to use specimen holders having wide and precise control of holder tilting or rotation [1]. However, commercially available holders are limited by the maximum ±45° range of holder tilting (double-tilt holders) or impractical rotation (tilt-rotation holders) which works only for large and homogeneous samples or samples lying on the exact rotation axis. We try to develop a new specimen holder, which has an X-Y translation function of the specimen grid itself in addition to rotation of the specimen cup. I03-20 than 1 nm has not been measured. Here, we present the mechanical properties of nanometric water with a spatial resolution less than 0.1nm such as elasticity, viscosity, and dissipation energy. I09-08 Use of Laser Scanning Cytometry (lsc) in Determining Circulating Tumour Cells and s-phase Fraction and DNA Content in Breast Cancer Patients: Galbavý Štefan, Kuliffay Peter and Ľuboslav Sanisló; St. Elizabeth University of Health and Social Sciences, Bratislava Institute of Laboratory Methods of Investigation, School of Medicine Comenius University and St. Elizabeth Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia The aim of our study was the potential detection of circulating tumour cells (CTCs) and proliferation rate in early stage breast cancer patients. Our approach was cell microfiltration through polycarbonate membrane as a concentration method suitable for CTC selection in peripheral blood. The isolated cells on membrane and cells from fresh, surgicaly removed tumours by mechanical disintegration and the suspensions were cytocentrifuged onto miscroscopical slideswere further analysed by laser scanning cytometry. In node negative cases it can help distinguish patients with higher risk for distant metastases from those with a lower risk. Our results showed that the measurement of CNC, DNA content and S-phase fraction of tumours by laser scanning cytometry completed by and correlated with the investigation of tumour markers and other biological properties of the tumour cells may be a useful tool in assessing prognosis and clinical outcome of patients with breast cancer. I09-10 93 I-05) Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy and X-ray Spectrometry Organized by Hion-Suck Baik, Hiroki Kurata and Masami Terauchi POSTER TUESDAY Iron Particles in the Human Spleen: M. Kopani1, M. Weis2, J. Dekan3, T. Malek1, J. Jakubovsky1, M. Miglierini3, J. Mistinova4 and S. Polak5; 1Comenius University, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of pathology, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia, 2Department of Physics, Slovak University of Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Ilkovicova 3, 812 19 Bratislava, Slovakia, 3Department of Nuclear Physics, Slovak University of Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Ilkovicova 3, 812 19 Bratislava, Slovakia, 4Comenius University, Faculty of Medicine, I. Radiology Clinic, Antolska 11, 851 07 Bratislava, Slovakia, 5Comenius University, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Histology and Embryology, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia Iron is an essential element for fundamental cell functions, catalyst for chemical reaction, used in nuclear magnetic resonance. Iron can be found in human body mainly in the form of ferritin. This primary, iron storage protein is present in the cytoplasm of the cells, and in small amounts in the circulation. Ferritin creates spherical formation with the size of 12 nm. The core of ferritin is 8 nm big and consists of ferrihydrite. I05-09 Observation of Multilayer Structure Using Spatially Resolved EELS Technology Associated with a 300kV Cold FE TEM: H. Matsumoto1, T. Sato1, M. Konno1 and Y. Taniguchi2; 1Hitachi High-Technologies Corp., 11-1 Ishikawa-cho, Hitachinaka, Ibaraki, 312-0057, Japan, 2Hitachi High-Technologies Corp., 882 Ichige, Hitachinaka, Ibaraki, 312-8504, Japan Recently, we developed a 300 kV HF-3300 transmission electron microscope (TEM) equipped with a field-emission source and equipped with the spatially resolved EELS technology. In this study, we report our study results on a multilayer structure (Si/SiO/SiN/SiO/SiN/SiO)using the spatially resolved EELS technology. I05-10 Preliminary WDS Analysis of Nuclear Spent Fuels: H.M. Kwon, Y.S. Yang, J.S. Ju, H.S. Seo, Y.B. Chun and W.S. Ryu; Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 1045 Daedeok-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-353, South Korea Electron beam microanalysis has been applied to study behavior of many fission products (FPs) inside 94 nuclear spent fuel. FPs give clues about fuel burnup, fission gas release, RIM width, and so on. Recently, the Wavelength Dispersive Spectroscopy (WDS) has been installed on the shielded SEM at PIE facility of KAERI. Preliminary tests on it have carried out in order to analysis gamma ray effect and to determine optimum beam conditions. I05-11 Electronic Structures of ZnO: Al Nanowires by Valence Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy: Cheng-Yu Wang1, Chuan-Pu Liu1,2, Chang-Lin Kuo1 and S. Ringer3; 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan 701, 2Center for Micro/Nano Technology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan 701, 3Electron Microscope Unit, University of Sydney, NSW2006, Australia Both energy filtered transmission electron microscopy and valence electron energy loss spectroscopy in a scanning transmission electron microscopy are employed to probe the morphology, dopant distribution, concentration and electronic structures of ZnO:Al nanowires with diameter smaller than 50 nm. The BF image of an as-grown ZnO:Al nanowire and the Al elemental mapping are shown in Fig. 1. Dopant Al seems to distribute uniformly in the wire. Dopant concentration from different areas, (6a, 6b) in a wire and from different wires (6, 6a) are measured along growth and lateral direction, which are shown in Fig. 2. Dopant concentration is about 1021 1/cm3. Al concentration fluctuates along the growth direction, but there exists an Al-rich layer wrapping wire core. The concentration is lower near the end. Bandgap threshold arises at 3.10 eV along zone axis but at 3.04 eV along lateral direction. In the low EELS region, in addition to the O-2p, O-2s, Zn-3d, plasmon resonance of ZnO, and interband transitions are identified, two lower energetic peaks also discussed and the effects resulted from Al are also discussed. I05-12 H2O2 Production of Human Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes by Allowing Attachment to a Titanium Plate Observed by Cytochemical Energy-filtering Transmission Electron Microscopy: K. Moriguchi1, Y. Takahashi2, Y. Mitamura3, H. Maeda3, T. Kawai2 and N. Ohno1; Departments of 1Anatomy, 2Dental Materials Science and 3Pathology, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University The present study examined the influence of Ti plate on free radicals, hydrogen peroxide and the production of human polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN). PMN was engulfed by opsonized zymosan particles (OPZ). When phagocytosis was advanced, the reaction deposits became distributed in the OPZ phagosomes of PMN only. On the other hand, PMN were stimulated by allowing attachment to Ti plate. Deposit formation was apparent on the free surface of plasma membranes. By using energy filteringtransmission electron microscopy the same Ce element showed different site depending on each stimulus, that is OPZ and Ti plate. I05-13 M-02) Semiconductors & LSI Device Materials Organized by Jaepyng Ahn Quality Verification of InGaN/GaN Laser Diode Wafer by Spectrometric Full-color Cathodoluminescence Microscopy: Y. Suzuki1, H. Saijo1, J.T. Hsu2, J.R. Yang3 and M. Shiojiri4; 1School of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kinki University, 930 Nishimitani, Kinokawa, Wakayama 649-6493, Japan, 2Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan 310, Republic of China, 3 Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106, Republic of China, 4Professor Emeritus of Kyoto Institute of Technology, 1-197 Wakiyama, Emmyoji, Ohyamazaki, Kyoto 618-0091, Japan Laser diode wafer of InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs) grown by metalorganic vapor-phase epitaxy (MOVPE) method was tried to test the quality of layers by Cathodoluminescence (CL) Microscopy. Our new Spectrometric Full-color Cathodoluminescence Microscope collects CL spectra during regular SEM observation and draws both SEM and CL micrographs immediately after the image scan. It takes 8 s for 512 × 512 pixel image with CL spectra of each pixel point. Specimen used here is in the development process of blue-cyan color laser diode. We obtained SEM and corresponding CL micrographs at four different points of the wafer; center of the wafer of a diameter 5 cm, 1/3 from the center, 2/3 from the center and near the outer edge There are two layers that emit CL: the strong CL is located on p-GaN layer, and the weak one is from MQW region. The thickness of GaN layer is almost the same except the outside 1/4 of the wafer where CL becomes weak and narrow. Weak CL spectra in both MQW and p-GaN regions could be related to the edge effect of gas turbulence during the MOCVD growth. M02-10 POSTER TUESDAY TEM Study of Electric-field Induced Ni Filament Channels in Polycrystalline NiOx Film: Xiang-Shu Li, Gyeong-Su Park, Dong-Chul Kim, Myoung-Jae Lee and Sunae Seo; Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Suwon 440-600, Korea TEM study of electric-field induced Ni filament M02-09 channels in polycrystalline NiOⅹ film. Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Tantalum Compacts Prepared by Spark Plasma Sintering: S. H. Chang, J. C. Choi, S. W. Choi and I. H. Oh; Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Gwangju Research Center, Korea Tantalum (Ta) has a melting point of 2996℃, density of 16.6cm3 and Group 5A of the periodic table. Characteristics of Ta have that low temperature coefficient, specific resistance, good corrosion resistance [1]. Among various sintering method, advantages of spark plasma sintering(SPS), compared to traditional hot pressing (HP) or hot isostatic pressing (HIP), are technological advantages such as short processing time, the use of high heating rates, thereby minimizing grain growth, which leads to improved mechanical, physical or optical properties [2, 3]. In this study, the Ta powder was fabricated using the SPS process depending on sintering temperature and materials properties such as relative density, tensile strength were investigated. M02-11 In-situ TEM Investigation on Nucleation and Growth Behavior of Si Thin Films: Kyou-Hyun Kim1, Jin-Ha Whang2 and Jae-Pyoung Ahn1; 1 Advanced Analysis Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea, 2Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul, Korea Recently, various transporting technologies of massive information were reported in order to realize a ubiquitous application. As many techniques regarding the transportation of massive information in mobile communication have been developed, the advanced displays have been rapidly needed to express the best image with high quality and high resolution. For satisfying these needs, a variety of advanced displays were reported such as plasma display panels (PDP), liquid crystal displays (LCD), and so on. Many researchers have made their efforts on fabricating the thin, cheap, and rapid panels. Thin film transistor (TFT), indeed, is the one of important parts to determine the performance of display. The manufacture of TFT using the Si thin films is the most typical method. It is well known that the crystallinity of Si in TFT is the most important one to determine the performance of TFT backplane. In the Si-TFT, however, the nucleation and growth behavior of thin films in TFT was hardly reported to date. In this study, therefore, we investigated the nucleation and growth behavior of Si by in-situ observations using HRTEM coupled with heating holder. M02-12 Two-dimensional Dopant Profiling in Semiconductor Devices by Electron Holography and 95 Chemical Etching Delineation Techniques with the Same Specimen: J.-M. Yang1, U. Shaislamov2, J.H. Yoo1, H.-S. Seo1, K.-J. Park1, Y.C. Park1, W.-J. POSTER TUESDAY Hwang1 and B. Yang2; 1New Technology & Analysis Division, National Nanofab Center, Daejeon 305-806, Korea, 2Department of Information and Nano Materials Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi, Gyeongbuk 730-701, Korea The electron holography and chemical etching delineation techniques were successfully employed to assess two–dimensional (2D) dopant profiles in semiconductor devices. The results obtained from both techniques with the same specimen were precisely compared and discussed in order to evaluate the performance limits of these techniques. It was demonstrated that both techniques are very effective in obtaining reliable 2D dopant profiles in nanodevice. M02-13 Observation of the Dopant Pileup Layer between Ni-FUSI Metal Gate and SiO2 Dielectrics: Naohiko Kawasaki1, Naoyuki Sugiyama1, Yuji Otsuka1, Hiroki Kurata2 and Seiji Isoda2; 1Morphological Research Laboratory, Toray Research Center Inc., Otsu, Shiga 520-8567, Japan, 2Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan Full silicidation (FUSI) gates can control the threshold voltage of MOS transistor, by the dopants injection. According to past researches, it was confirmed by the elemental analysis technique such as SIMS and Auger profiles that the dopants would segregate on the interface between gate electrode and dielectics. However, in these researches, the detailed pileup position had been uncertain, and the threshold voltage control mechanism had not been clarified yet. We now report the result of direct observation of the dopant pileup using the scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) technique. M02-14 Characterization of a-Si/c-Si Junctions by Electron Holography: M. Deguchi1, S. Tanaka2, T. Tanji2 and Y. Ohshita3; 1Department of Electronics and 2EcoTopia Science Institute, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan, 3 Toyota Technological Institute, Hisakata, Tempakuku, Nagoya 488-8511, Japan Electron holography was applied for the characterization of hetero junctions consisting of amorphous Si and p-type crystalline Si. The structure was formed by plasma assisted chemical vapor deposition, and is a basic part of hetero junction solar cells. Wedge- shaped samples were prepared and used for the observation. Phase profiles similar to that expected from an ideal pn junction were obtained. However, some samples showed that there is a charge accumulated at the interface. M02-15 96 Microstructural and Textural Characterization in MgO Thin Film Using HRTEM: Kyou-Hyun Kim1, Min-Suk Lee2, Jong-Seo Choi3 and Jae-Pyoung Ahn1; 1 Advanced Analysis Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea, 2PDP Development Team, Samsung SDI, Cheonan, Korea, 3 CRD Materials Laboratory, Samsung SDI, Yongin, Korea In order to protect the dielectric layer from sputtering by ion bombardment in the surface discharge in plasma display panel (PDP), a protecting layer should be deposited on the dielectric layer. The protecting layer also has a high secondary electron emission coefficient to enhance the performance of PDP. Generally it is well known that the MgO thin film is the most suitable candidate for the protecting layer in PDP. Since the performance of PDP strongly depends on the characteristics of MgO thin films, many researchers have concentrated their efforts for the fabrication of MgO thin films with high efficiency. However, fundamental and scientific studies based on the microstructural analysis of MgO thin films are not investigated yet. In this study, therefore, we tried to investigate the microstructural evolution and its effect on the electronic properties using an analytical TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy, FEI Tecnai F20). M02-16 Formation Processes of Ni-germanide in the Ni1-xTax/Ge System Studied by Ex Situ and In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy: Jae-Wook Lee, Kwan-Woo Song, Jee-Hwan Bae, Min-Ho Park, Han-Byul Kang and Cheol-Woong Yang; School of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, South Korea Ge MOSFET has been considered as one of the promising devices for future high-speed CMOS technology due to higher carrier mobility than Si. However, the NiGe shows a poorer thermal stability than NiSi. It has been reported that the thermal stability of Ni-germanide improved through the addition of an alloying element. In this study, the formation and morphological evolution of germanide formed from the Ni1-xTax/Ge system as a function of temperature was investigated by ex situ and in situ annealing. And phases formed by reaction were identified by HR-TEM micrographs and STEM/EDS techniques. M02-17 Thermal Stress Induced Time Dependent Configuration Variation of Damascene Lines: Suk Hoon Kang1, Seul-Cham Kim1, Kyu Hwan Oh1, Woong Ho Bang2, Liangshan Chen2 and Choong-Un Kim2; 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ku The Study of Environmental Effects at Bonding Interface between Cu Wire and Al Pad: Eun Kyu Her1, Seul-Cham Kim1, Kyu Hwan Oh1, Jong Soo Cho2 and Jeong Tak Moon2; 1School of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 56-1 Shillim- Dong, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea 151-742, 2MK electron, 316-2 Geumeo-ri Pogok-myeon Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do Cu wires were bonded to Al pads of Quad Flat Package type with thermosonic bonding method. To confirm the reliability, pressure cooker test (PCT) at the condition of 121℃, 2 atm and 100% RH (Relative Humidity) were respectively operated. The test time was ranged from 96 hour to 168 hour. After PCT, Al oxide layer formed along bonding interface and it induce high contact resistance. EDS analysis was performed to investigate to composition ratio of each element at the IMC layer. To prevent Al oxide layer, pre heat treatment (to accelerate a diffusion rate between Cu wire and Al pad) performed at 200℃, 24 hour. M02-19 Effect of Fluorine Incorporation on the MOSFET Device and the Characteristic Bonding of Fluorine in Al2O3: Ih-Ho Park1, Sung-Il Baik1, Woong-Pyo Hong1, S.W. Kim2, G.Y. Yeom2 and Young-Woon Kim1; 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu Silim-dong San 56-1, Seoul, Korea 151-744, 2 Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, SungKyunKwan University, Suwon, Korea Recently, many researches are being reported about high K materials such as HfO2, ZrO2, Al2O3. Since it provides benefits of electrical performance, including higher dielectric constant and the higher current drive ability. Despite of the advantages, there are problems needed to solved, such as interface trap charges, capacitance frequency dispersion. Fluorine injection on the gate dielectrics was reported as one of the solutions that can improves the electrical characteristics with lower leakage current and the higher capacitance. Few researches, however, were reported about the mechanism of how fluorine gas was incorporated and improved the performance in high k materials. In our present work, we studied the effects of fluorine incorporation in Al2O3 and reported the bonding mechanism of fluorine. M02-20 POSTER TUESDAY Gwanak-ro 599, Seoul, Korea, 2The University of Texas at Arlington, Texas 76019 Recently, many studies have made for the introduction of porosity to the dielectric thin films because it lowers the dielectric constant of thin film even more. The stability of pores is becoming of critical question as it affects the properties related to reliability of interconnect structure. It is common assumption that the pores in low-k dielectrics are stable over processes. However, our investigation finds that pores are not necessarily stable and undergoes active reconfiguration when they are subjected to thermal stress. In this study, thermal stability of low-k material is intensively investigated by TEM observation and FEM simulation. As manufactured Cu lines are separated by methylsilsesquioxane (MSSQ) based porous low-k dielectrics and surrounded by SiN-based dielectric capping layers on top and bottom. Severe thermal stresses are produced inside interconnect during the isothermal annealing at 400℃, because Cu, low-k and SiN have different elastic modulus and thermal expansion coefficient. This stress causes the time dependent configuration variation, annealing of damascene Cu lines for 14hr gives rise to gathering of pores at the inside corner of low-k and this open structure grows into a big air gap by further annealing. This result is compatible with FEM simulation, permanent configuration change of Cu is also understood by creep analysis. M02-18 Crystalline Defect Analysis of Semiconductor Devices using STEM 3D Rotation Imaging Technique: Soon Joo Lee; Research and Development Division, Hynix Semiconductor Inc. We report the results of STEM 3D rotation imaging technique to analyze the crystalline defect due to the dielectric material. TEM samples were prepared at specific fail points by focused ion beam (FIB) technique [1] and dislocations were observed with an abnormal diffraction contrast by TEM (Fig. 1). The existence of dislocations on the edge of field oxide couldn’t explain the leakage failure mechanism. Therefore we tried to analyze the abnormal diffraction contrast beneath the gate. But it was difficult to figure out whether it was a crystalline defect or not in 2D images. In order to confirm we made pillar type TEM samples for 3D images [2]. The diffraction contrast was revealed a screw dislocation connecting bottom dislocation with the zgate (Fig. 2). This technique is effective to understand failure mechanisms in semiconductor devices. M02-21 HAADF STEM Tomography Analysis of Phase Change Memory: Shen-Chuan Lo1,2, Ming-Wei Lai1, Hiroki Kurata4, Shi-ri Lee1, Chien-Min Lee3, Der-Sheng Chao3 and Seiji Isoda4; 1Material and Chemical Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, HsinChu, Taiwan, 2Nanotechnology Research Center, Industrial Technology Research Institute, HsinChu, Taiwan, 3Electronics and Opto-Electronics Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, HsinChu, Taiwan, 4 Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan 97 POSTER TUESDAY Owing to the distinctive features associated with nonvolatility, high speed, low power, scalability, and low cost, phase change memory (PCM) has been considered as the most promising alternative for the next generation of nonvolatile semiconductor memory. In this study, HAADF STEM tomography evaluates the failure mechanism of PCM structure. A JEOL JEM-2200FS electron microscope equipped with Gatan digiscan camera and omega filter was used. The series of 61 images were recorded at tilt angles ranging from +60o to -60o in a 2o step with manual controlled function. The tilt series alignment and 3D reconstruction were done with program developed by JEOL System Technology Co., Ltd. Finally, commercial AmiraTM software was used for 3D model visualization. The detail failure analysis results combine with EELS and tomography techniques will be presented in this conference. M02-22 Convergence of Microscopy Techniques for Nanoscale Structural Characterization: an Illustration with the Study of AlInN: A. Mouti1, S. Hasanovic1, M. Cantoni1, E. Feltin2, N. Grandjean2 and P. Stadelmann1; 1Centre Interdisciplinaire de Microscopie Electronique, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland, 2LASPE-IPEQ-SB, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland AlInN is a wide band gap group III nitride alloy, it is gaining interest nowadays because of its ability to be lattice matched to GaN, thus reducing defect creation. Recent research [1] has allowed the growth of good quality AlInN/GaN heterostructures on sapphire. However, AlInN is quite a complex alloy to grow and characterize, partly because of the high difference in ionic radii between Aluminum and Indium. The high dislocation density inherited from the lattice mismatch between GaN and Sapphire adds considerable complexity. Therefore, many physical phenomena can occur in this alloy, making it an interesting material for the microscopist. M02-23 M-03) Surface, Interfaces and Grain boundaries Organized by Sang Ho Oh TEM Study of the Nature of Dislocations in Interfaces between Si Wafers with Hybrid Crystal Orientation: V.I. Vdovin1 and N.D. Zakharov2; 1 Institute for Chemical Problems of Microelectronics, Moscow, Russia., 2Max-Planck-Institut für Mikrostrukturphysik, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany 98 We present experimental data describing the dislocation structure in WB compositions with hybrid crystal orientation: Si(001)-on-Si(110) and Si(110)on-Si(001). The samples were fabricated by direct WB of 200 mm wafers using native oxide surface layers and heat treatments in the temperature range C.1150-1200 The compositions studied consist of thin (130 - 140 nm) strained layer and thick handle wafer. Structural characterization of the samples was performed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Nomarski optical microscopy. The aim of our studies is to elucidate the nature of interfacial dislocations and dislocation generation mechanisms. We found that the specific electron microscopic contrast in the form of unidirectional dark lines is related to the dislocations but it is rather not just a contrast from the dislocations. The excess of intrinsic point defects close to the interface can lead, at the initial stages of dislocation generation, to the nucleation of dislocation loops, for example, in a form of greatly extended dipoles. M03-12 Synthesis of Carbon Nano-materials by Catalytic Combustion Technique: Maofa Wang, Xiaoping Zou, Jin Cheng, Hongdan Zhang, Fei Li, Pengfei Ren and Guang Zhu; Research Center for Sensor Technology, Beijing Information Technology Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory for Sensor, Beijing, 100101, China This paper reports the preparation of Quasi-onedimensional nano-structured materials by catalytic combustion process. M03-13 Evaluation of a Fretting Wear Mechanism by Wear Scar Analysis: Young-Ho Lee and Hyung-Kyu Kim; Innovative Nuclear Fuel Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 1045, Daedeokdaero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-353, Korea Fretting wear is defined as surface damage caused by very small relative movement between contact surfaces. Generally, it is difficult to evaluate this degradation mechanism because the contact surfaces are always hidden during the fretting wear tests. So, the observation and analysis of the worn area, generated debris should be performed by using an optical microscope, SEM, etc. in order to verify the wear behaviors (i.e. abrasive, adhesive, corrosive, fatigue, etc.). M03-14 HRTEM Study on Misfit Dislocation Cores at the AlSb/GaAs Interface: C. Wen, W. Wan, F.H. Li, Z.H. Li, J.M. Zhou and H. Chen; Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China M03-15 Microstructure Study of a Triple Junction in Nanocrystalline Pd: Y.C. Wang, D.H. Ping and D.X. Li; Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenhua Road 72#, Shenyang 110016, PR China A HR image of a triple junction in nanocrystalline Pd viewed along the [110] direction has been obtained. The triple junction is identified to be constructed by three ordered GBs, a Σ=11 (113) GB, a distorted twin boundary and a coherent (111)/(112) boundary. Molecular statics calculation was used to address the atomic configuration of the triple junction. A direct match between the simulated image of the triple junction and experimental image is made. A good match between them illustrates that the calculated configuration can describe the observed structure of triple junction most ideally. MT03-17 Interfacial Structures of Pt/SrTiO3 (111) Investigated by Using Cs-corrected STEM: Ju Hyung Suh1, Kim Young Gi1, Lee Bong Ho1 and Chan Gyung Park1,2; 1 National Center for Nanomaterials Technology (NCNT), POSTECH, Pohang 790-784, Gyeongbuk, Korea, 2Dept. of Materials Science & Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang 790-784, Gyeongbuk, Korea The optimized surface termination of SrTiO3 (111) substrates was investigated and the effects of the terminated SrTiO3 (111) substrate on the growth characteristics of epitaxial Pt films were evaluated. It was found that etching in buffered HF (BOE) solution for 2min provides a stable etching condition for SrTiO3 (111) substrates and that etching is an important factor for the formation of terrace structures. Epitaxial Pt (111) thin films were successfully grown on well-defined terrace surface of STO (111) by using ion beam sputtering. Pt film grown on as-received STO showed some unknown diffraction spots representing the deteriorated epitaxy quality, however, had larger grain size than Pt film on terrace formed STO. This deterioration of 2D growth characteristic of Pt film on terrace formed STO seemed to be caused by oxygen deficiency after annealing and reduction of Wad (work of adhesion) of terrace formed STO. By using Cs-corrected STEM (JEM-2100F), we successfully observed HAADF and nano-scale line scan EELS at the interface. In Pt arrangement on fcc sites, sufficient Ti can be found at the interface. However, Ti EELS signal in Pt arrangement on hcp sites cannot be observed. Therefore, fcc and hcp arrangement of Pt atoms must be formed on district Ti and SrO3 terminated surface, respectively. It was considered that the restricted Pt arrangement resulted from the change of Wad value with respect to the variation of surface termination. MT03-18 POSTER TUESDAY The Effect of Annealing Conditions on the Behavior of Surface Selective Oxidation in Dual-Phase Steels: Kwang Soo Shin1, Shin Hwa Park1, Ki Hwan Kim1, Hyeog Dae Kwun1, Jae Nam Kim1, Sun-Ho Jeon2 and Dae-Chul Bae2; 1Characterization and Analysis Department, Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology (RIST), Pohang 790-330, Republic of Korea, 2POSCO Technical Research Laboratories, Gwangyang, 545090, Korea The selective oxidation in surface region is generally believed to play an important role in the coating performance of especially advanced high strength steels alloyed with easily oxidized elements of Si, Mn, Al, etc. Its characterization can be performed by a combination of electron microscopy and surface analyses techniques of which the purposes are to probe the surface chemistry and morphology prior to dipping in detail. In this presentation, the influence of annealing conditions including temperatures and dew points on the behavior of surface oxidation has been studied in dual-phase steels alloyed with Si and Mn by a combination of FE SEM, FE TEM, FE SAM, XPS, and FT IR analytical techniques. The samples used in this study were prepared in experimental laboratory, having several kinds of variation of Si and Mn alloying elements. Vacuum melted materials were hot rolled and annealed by simulators in laboratory scale. The surface morphology was analyzed using FE SEM, and the local microstructure and elemental distribution using FE TEM for the cross-sections prepared by FIB. The chemical states of surface selective oxidation were examined by FT IR, XPS, and FE SAM. The comprehensive analyses and interpretation of the chemistry and morphology can lead to understanding the behavior of the selective oxidation in surface region in more detail. M03-16 Electron Energy-Loss Spectroscopy Analyses of HfO2 Dielectric Films on Strained and Relaxed Epitaxial-SiGe/Si Substrates: Ji-Hwan Kwon1, Jiyoung Jang1, Tae Joo Park1,2, Jae Hyuck Jang1, Cheol Seong Hwang1,2 and Miyoung Kim1; 1 Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Korea, 2 Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Inter-university Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea In this investigation, HfO2 thin films were deposited on strained and strain-relaxed epitaxial-SiGe/Si substrates, and subsequently subjected to annealing. Electron energy-loss spectroscopy analysis was used to investigate the electronic structure and composition of the film as well as the interfacial layer (IL). While the energy loss function of the dielectric films revealed predominant Si diffusion in the strained substrates, post deposition annealing (PDA) significantly influenced the diffusion and 99 altered the local composition of the IL in strain-relaxed substrates. Analysis of electronic structures revealed the origin of significant loss of Ge atoms at the IL during PDA. M03-19 POSTER TUESDAY AEM Study on the Interfacial Reaction Layers between Sn-0.7wt.%Cu Solder and Electroless Ni-P Plated Cu Substrate: J.H. Bae1, S.E. Lee1, K.W. Song1, J.Y. Lee1, J.S. Ju2 and C.W. Yang1; 1 School of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, South Korea, 2Cooperative Center for Research Facilities, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, South Korea We investigated intermetallic compounds (IMCs) and additional layers (ternary Ni-Sn-P and P-rich Ni layer) between Sn-0.7wt.%Cu solder and eletroless Ni-P plated Cu substrate using analytical electron microscopy (AEM). From the nano beam electron diffraction (NBED) patterns, it confirmed that (Cu, Ni)6Sn5 was formed at IMC layer, which is the most common IMC in the Sn-Cu system. The dominant phase of P-rich Ni layer was Ni3P. In addition, the ternary NI-Sn-P layer, which is generally recognized as the layer between the interfacial IMC and the P-rich Ni layers, was not observed between the interfacial IMC and P-rich Ni layers. M03-20 TEM Study of Spontaneous Two Phases Distribution in ZrNxOy Thin Films: Yee-Lang Liu, Jia-Hong Huang, Fu-Rong Chen and Ji-Jung Kai; Department of Engineering and Science, National Tsing Hua University, 101 Kuang Fu Road, Section 2, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan TEM microstructure study was performed on a ZrNxOy thin film being phase separated to ZrN and ZrO2. Using high resolution and MCDF technique on plan-view specimens, it is found that ZrO2 grains do not surround a single ZrN grain in our specimen; instead, ZrO2 grain clusters are dispersed between ZrN grain clusters. The ZrNxOy thin film possesses columnar structure with alternate columns of ZrN and ZrO2, indicating that the segregation of the oxygen atoms may be inter-columnar with a lateral diffusion distance less than 20 nm. M03-21 Atomic Resolution HAADF-STEM Analysis of Epitaxially Grown Layered Double Perovskites La2CuSnO6: M. Haruta, H. Komatsu, H. Kurata, M. Azuma, Y. Shimakawa and S. Isoda; Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan In this study, structural observation of double perovskites oxide La2CuSnO6 was performed by 100 using high-angle annular dark-field (HAADF) imaging with a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM). The layered double perovskites LaCuSnO films were grown heteroepitaxially on SrTiO substrates by a pulsed laser deposition technique. As a result of HAADF-STEM observation, there are some irregular structures near steps on the substrate surface. Therefore, these observations demonstrate that the existence of steps severely affects the growth of La2CuSnO6 thin film. M03-22 Monoclinic Li2MnO3 Phase with Stacking Faults in Oxygen-Deficient Li-Mn-O System: He Zheng1, Jianbo Wang1, Zhongling Xu1, Yi Xiong1, Renhui Wang1, Jianian Gui1 and Xiaoqing Yang2; 1 Department of Physics and Center for Electron Microscopy, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China, 2Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA SAED, DF and HRTEM analyses have proved the existence of monoclinic Li2MnO3 (SG: C2/m) with 120o rotational stacking faults in the powder of Li1.07Mn1.93O4-δ cathode materials for lithium battery. The XRD simulation of Li2MnO3 by DIFFaX program shows that the characteristic reflections will become more and more broadened with the increasing degree of stacking disordering, indicating the limitation of XRD as bulk technique to detect the presence of the monoclinic phase with disordering. Moreover, selective peak asymmetry appears when the stacking sequence becomes extremely disordered. Further SAED and neutron diffraction calculation analysis enables better understanding of the similar ambiguity among other structurally related cathode materials for battery (e.g., LiNi1/2Mn1/2O2, LiNi1/3 Co1/3Mn1/3O2). MT03-23 M-04) Metals, Alloys and Steels Organized by Keesam Shin Research on the Microstucture and Phase Structrue of High Speed Steel with in situ Autogenous Vanadium Carbide: Li Yan1, Wei Shi-zhong1, Zhang Wan-hon2 and Long Rui2; 1Mat. Sci. & Eng. College, Henan University of Science and Technology,
[email protected], Luoyang 471003, China, 2 Henan Engineering Research Center for Wear of Material, Luoyang 471003, China The microstructure and phase structure of high vanadium high speed steel were analyzed by high-resolution transmission electron microscope and X-ray energy-dispersive spectrograph. The results show that the carbides in this kind of steel are mainly vanadium carbides; in addition, a little of complex carbides of chromium and molybdenum, M7C3 and dispersedly distributed nanophase carbides, M23C6. The matrix of high vanadium high speed steel consists of martensite and residual austenite. Residual austenite mostly exists between the periphery of vanadium carbides and martensite strip, and the conherent and semi-coherent relationship exist between vanadium carbide and the interface of matrix. M04-19 Lorentz TEM Study of the α' Phase Induced by Deformation in General-purpose SUS304 Stainless Steel: S. Mori1, K. Yoshidome1, M. Hatano2 and A. Takahashi2; 1Department of Materials Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531 Japan. 2 Nippon Steel & Sumikin Stainless Steel Corporation, Hikari, Yamaguchi 743-8550, Japan Changes of ferromagnetic (FM) microstructures in La0.825Sr0.175MnO3 with respect to the temperature were investigated by low-temperature Lorentz TEM. It was found that drastic change of FM domain structures took place during the rhombohedral to orthorhombic structural transition. In addition, changes of the FM domains by substituting nonmagnetic Al3+ ion for Mn3+ one were also examined in La0.825Sr0.175MnO3. It was revealed that partial substitution of non-magnetic Al3+ ion induced random distribution of the FM domain structures and gives rise to some anomalous properties such as the sudden increase of the resistitvity in the metallic phase. M04-21 Microstructure of Acicular Ferrite in High Strength Weld Deposit: Ka Hee Kim1, Chi Won Ahn1, Jun-Mo Yang1, Wook-Jung Hwang1 and Hee Jin Kim2; 1Advanced Technology Center for Information Electronic Materials and Components, National Nanofab Center, Daejeon 305-806, Korea, Reliability Assessment Center for Metallic Materials, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Chon An, 330-825, Korea The evolution of microstructure in the welded deposit during arc welding of low carbon steels has been studied as a function of cooling rate of ferrous welding materials. In this study, welding experiment was carried out with three different cooling rates. Various types of ferrite phases including primary ferrite, side-plate ferrite and acicular ferrite formed in welded regions. The volume fraction of acicular ferrite was increased by applying a faster cooling rate to the welding materials. The effective grain size and texture of acicular ferrite were determined by electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) equipped on FE-SEM. The present study shows that EBSD is a very accurate and easy to use means of measuring the effective grain size of acicular ferrite. Effective grain size of acicular ferrite increases as cooling rate decreases. And in all cases 2-4 highly misoriented texture components were found with each former austenite grain. These texture components are highly misoriented. M04-22 POSTER TUESDAY Characterization of Fatigue Behavior and Microstructure for Cu-based Glass-forming Metallic Thin Film Deposited on Structural Substrates: Rong Tan Huang1, Zhe Zhi Liang1 and Jinn P. Chu2; 1Institute of Materials Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan, 2Department of Polymer Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 106, Taiwan The glass-forming metal films, Cu51Zr24Hf18Ti7 and Cu31Zr47Al13Ni9 (atomic percent, at.%), deposited respectively on the two substrates of 316L and Ni-based alloy using magnetron sputtering, have been investigated by using high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) coupled with nanobeam energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The as-deposited specimens were first proceeded fatigue test. M04-20 2 Precipitation Sequence in a Cu-Ni-Be Alloy: C. Watanabe and R. Monzen; Division of Innovative Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan The precipitation sequence in a Cu-1.9wt% Ni-0.3wt%Be alloy has been studied by highresolution transmission electron microscopy. The precipitation sequence found is: G.P. zones → gamma" → gamma' → gamma. The G.P. zones consist of monolayer of Be atoms on the {100}alpha planes. The metastable gamma" and gamma' phases and stable gamma phase are composed of alternative Be and Ni layers parallel to {100}alpha and aligns with the matrix according to the Bain orientation relationship. The gamma" phase consisting of two to eight Be-layers is body-centered tetragonal. The gamma' or gamma phase is bct with a=b=0.24nm and c=0.26nm or a=b=0.26nm and c=0.27nm. M04-23 Analytical Characterization of the Discolored Surface Region near Weld Joint in Electropolished 316L Stainless Steel Tubes for Semiconductor Manufacturing Applications: Ki Jung Hong1, Hyeog Dae Kwun1, Ki Hwan Kim1, Yoon Huh1 and Shin Hwa Park1; 1Characterization and Analysis Department, Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology (RIST), Pohang 790-330, Korea In semiconductor manufacturing process, it is very important to distribute the high purity gas from the source gas container to the semiconductor manufacturing facilities without any contamination. In order to satisfy this critical requirement, electropolished 316L stainless steel has become the industry 101 POSTER TUESDAY standard due to its superior corrosion resistance and the passivation layer formed by the electropolishing. However, tubes usually need to be welded and this often leads to discoloration in the heat-affected zone (HAZ), which might lead to unexpected early corrosion problem. In this study, electropolished 316L tube specimens from various steel makers with different compositions were welded under the same conditions, and the discoloration characterics were compared with each other. The chemical compositions and thickness of the discoloration in the HAZ and a clean reference area were analyzed by Auger electron spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman Spectroscopy. FE-TEM analysis was also carried out for the direct cross-sectional observation of the passivation layer. Specimens for TEM were prepared using focused ion beam (FIB) milling to preserve the outermost passivation layer. M04-24 Micro-lamellar Structure in Hydrogen Storage Mg-Ni Alloys: A. Ono1, H. Saitoh2, S. Ohnuki1 and N. Hashimoto1; 1Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N-13, W-8, Sapporo 060-8278, Japan, 2Department of Materials Physics, Muroran Institute of Technology, Muroran, Japan Micro-nano structure of Mg2Ni compound has an important role as a catalyst for the hydrogenation in Mg alloys. In this study crystal characterization was surveyed by means of a cross-cut polishing method and EBSD analysis, as well as the hydrogenation properties. The hydrogenation was strongly depended on heat-treatment; the absorption capacity was larger in as-cast than in annealed condition. Microanalysis revealed that Mg grains were covered with fine Mg2Ni compound, which was submicron-lamellar structure, and the size of grains increased with additional annealing. Those results indicate that the submicron-lamellar structure would be important for the catalytic properties and hydrogen diffusion. M04-25 Influence of Nitrogen on Fatigue Properties of a High-Speed Steel: T. Mitani1, T. Hasegawa2, T. Terazawa2, C. Watanabe2 and R. Monzen2; 1Machine & Cutting Tool Division NACHI-FUJIKOSHI CORP., Fujikoshihonmachi, Toyama, 930-8511 Japan, 2Division of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan, 21 Division of Innovative Technology and Science, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan Influence of nitrogen (N) on the fatigue properties of a W-Mo type high-speed steel was metallographically investigated by ultra-sonic fatigue tests. The fatigue strength of the steel with 400 ppm N was 102 lower than that of the steel with 40 ppm N. The fracture origin of the high-N steel was coarse MC carbides, and that of the low-N steel was large aggregates, consisting of two or three M6C·MC carbides. In the low-N steel, a crack propagated between two voids in adjacent two M6C·MC carbides, while in the high-N steel, cracking was initiated from voids in coarse MC carbides. M04-26 Deformation Structure of Steel 40 Under Shock Loading: Q.H. Lu 1, T.G. Tang2, S.J. Wang1, Y.B. Xu1 and M.L. Sui 1; 1Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China, 2Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics Research, Institute of Fluid Physics, Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900，Sichuan, China Steel 40 was shock-loaded by the explosive collapse of a thick-walled cylinder (TWC) method. The microstructure characters of the post-shock samples were investigated by SEM and TEM. According to our observation, shear bands appeared near the central whole of our sample. Pearlite lamellae intersection and breaks were seen in shear band. The uniform deformation was carried by dislocations and lead to the elongation of grains along the radial direction. M04-27 Low-cycle Fatigue and Dislocation Structure of Al-Mg Alloy with Sc at Elevated Temperature: Y. Ishino1, C. Watanabe2 and R. Monzen2; 1Division of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan, 2Division of Innovative Technology and Science, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan A polycrystalline Al-1wt%Mg-0.27wt%Sc alloy bearing Al3Sc particles with different sizes was cyclically deformed at 423K under various constant plastic-strain amplitudes, and the microstructural evolution was investigated in relation to the stress-strain response. The specimens with large particles show a cyclic hardening to saturation, while the small-particle specimens show a cyclic softening following initial hardening. The small-particle specimens, in which the cyclic softening occurred, exhibited clearly developed slip bands. The cyclic softening can be explained by a loss of particle strength through particle redissolution within strongly slip bands. M04-28 The Crystallography of Continuous Precipitates with Pitsch-Schrader Orientation Relationship in an Mg-Al based Alloy: Jiaping Zhou1, Dongshan Zhao1, Ou Zheng1, Jianbo Wang1, Renhui Wang1 and Jianian Gui1; 1Department of Physics and Center for Electron Microscopy, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072,China The existence of the Pitsch-Schrader OR including the selection of the habit plane in Mg-Al system has been rationalized by the constrained coincidence site lattice/constrained complete pattern shift lattice (CCSL/CDSCL) model and the O-lattice theory. The interface structure between the Mg17Al12 phase and the Mg matrix has been interpreted by theory. In addition, the near Crawley OR and the near Gjönnes-Östmoe OR in Mg-Al system have been interpreted from the Pitsch-Schrader OR by quasi invariant line models. M04-29 Effect of Boron on Long-Term Aging Characteristics of 9Cr Steel: Kukcheol Kim1, Byunghoon Kim1, Minsoo Kim1 and Dongsoo Kim1; 1Materials Technology Development Team, Materials Development Center, Corporate R & D Institute, Doosan Heavy Industries & Construction, 555 Gwigok-Dong, Changwon, Gyeongnam, 641-792, Korea Due to its high creep rupture strength, 9~12% Cr steel has been a widely used material for ultra super critical (USC) turbine applications. Bucket materials for use in a USC turbine also requires excellent long-term aging properties and phase stability to prevent degradation at high temperatures. In this paper, the material COST B2 (9Cr1.5MoVB) containing boron was considered, as it is well known that Boron is a key element in maintaining strength at high temperature. To investigate the effect of boron on long-term aging characteristics, two different materials based on COST B2 with a boron content of 30ppm and 100ppm were manufactured and denoted as BE and BAM respectively. To evaluate phase stability with boron content at high temperature, these materials were isothermally heat treated at 600, 650 and 700℃ for 10,000hrs and comparisons were made for tensile strength, impact properties, microstructure and carbide distribution. Embrittlement of BE steel at 700℃ aging and the increase of FATT for both steels appears to be due to the increase in In-situ TEM Observation of the Precipitates in MAFE Steel Strengthened by Nano-Sized Copper Sulfide: Tae-Hwan Kim1, Won-Jin Moon1, Byung-Gyu Park1, Jin-Gyu Kim2, Youn-Joong Kim2, Young-Ha Kim3 and Moon-Hi Hong3; 1Gwangju Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, 300 Yongbong-dong, Buk gu, Gwangju, 500-757, Korea, 2 Korea Basic Science Institute, 52 Yeo-eun dong, Yu-sung gu, Daejeon, 305-333, Korea, 3Automotive Steel Technology Development Group, Surface Treatment Department, POSCO Gwangyang Works, 700 Gumho-dong, Gwangyang-si, Jeonnam 545-711, Korea This study was forced to identify precipitates of MAFE and to investigate thermal behavior of precipitates of MAFE and IF steels during in-situ heating and cooling. M04-32 POSTER TUESDAY Failure Analysis of a Stainless Steel Component Using the EBSD Technique: H S Ubhi, D Goran and A Gholinia; Oxford Instruments HKL, Hobro, DK 9500 Denmark Failure analysis of materials during manufacture and in service provides a valuable insight into material behaviour and an understanding of this can lead to solutions that minimise risk of costly failures. This presentation will illustrate the use of the EBSD technique to investigate the causes of failure related to changes in local texture and strain distributions in a stainless steel component M04-30 coarseness of M23C6 carbide and the reduction of the dislocation density by recovery. M04-31 Delta Ferrite Effect on Continuous Casting of AISI 304 Stainless Steel: Jung Han Kim1, Seul Cham Kim1, Do Hyun Kim1, Tae-Hong Ahn1, Heung Nam Han1 and Kyu Hwan Oh1; 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ku Gwanak-ro 599, Seoul, Korea In this presentation, we analyzed as-cast AISI 304 stainless steel through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Electron Back Scattered Microscopy (EBSD). The microstructures can be varied with retained delta ferrite morphology, the ratio of Cr and Ni equivalents and the volume fraction of delta ferrite. Mechanical properties of delta ferritic AISI 304 stainless steel were analyzed by Nano Indentation. The nano-hardness measurements revealed that nano-hardness of delta ferrite was lower than that of austenite. M04-33 The Texture Investigation on Tantalum Sputtering Target: Eusun Yu1, Jung Han Kim1, Hee-Suk Chung1, Seul Cham Kim1, Do Hyun Kim1 and Kyu Hwan Oh1; 1 Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ku Gwanak-ro 599, Seoul, Korea This presentation, we report the texture investigation on tantalum sputtering target, which is made via Electron-beam melting (EBM) and rolling process. EBM is the most appropriate technique to produce high-purity tantalum owing to its enhanced refining capability. The texture analysis on tantalum target was achieved with Electron Backscattered Diffraction (EBSD) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). Through obtained experimental data, we confirmed 103 that the texture of tantalum target was changed from alpha to gamma after recrystallization. M04-34 POSTER TUESDAY In-situ Observation of Crystallization Behavior in Amorphous Electroless Ni-P Deposits: H.B. Kang1, S.E. Lee1, J.Y. Lee1, J.H. Lee,1 J.S. Ju2, J.H. Song2 Y.S. Yoo2 and C.W. Yang1; 1School of Advanced Materials Sci. & Eng. and Center for Nanotubes & Nanostructured Composites, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea, 2Cooperative Center for Research Facilities, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea This study examined the crystallization behavior of electroless Ni-P (EN-P) deposits containing 15 at. %P. In order to obtain a better understanding of the crystallization process in amorphous alloys, a direct observation of the process was carried out using in-situ transmission electron microscopy observations. The Ni-P crystallization begins when the temperature is kept constant at 250℃ for 2 min. NBED analysis confirmed that the crystallized EN-P deposit was a mixture of Ni3P, Ni12P5, Ni5P2 and Ni. Indeed, the dominantly crystalline phase of the EN-P deposit was Ni3P, respectively. M04-35 In-situ Observation of Deformation Twin in TWIP Steel Using TEM: Sung-Il Baik1, Tae-Young Ahn1, Woong-Pyo Hong1, Yeon-Seung Jung2, Young-Kook Lee2 and Young-Woon Kim1; 1 Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu Silimdong, San 56-1 Seoul, Korea 151-744, 2Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Yonsei University, Shinchondong 134, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Korea Fe-Mn twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) steels have attracted research attention due to its high strength and exceptional plasticity. In this study, the generation of mechanical twin was observed by in-situ tensile test in TEM and the effect of SFE was discussed linked with the measured SFE. From in-situ tensile experiments in TEM, planar glide occurred at the initial stage and formed stacking faults and twins with further strain. These movements of dislocation and twin generation were affected by the weight percent of Mn contents. Lowering of SFE with reduction of Mn contents lead to formation of epsilon phase. M04-36 Microstructures of Steels Fabricated by High Pressure Heat Treatment: Seul Cham Kim1, Jun-Yun Kang1, Sang Hoon Lee1, Hu-Chul Lee1, Heung Nam Han1 and Kyu Hwan Oh1; 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ku Gwanak-ro 599, Seoul, Korea 104 We describe some characteristic features of the microstructures of steels fabricated high pressure heat treatment. The features show new findings of the effects of high pressure on transformation (γÆ α transformation) in steels. In addition, we introduce results on the kinetics of the γÆα transformation, which is delayed by high pressure heat treatment M04-37 Electron Microscopy Study of ω→α Transformation in a Metastable β Titanium Alloy: Sung-Hwan Kim and Hu-Chul Lee; Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea The precipitation of omega and alpha phases by aging a metastable Titanium alloy was observed by high resolution transmission electron microscopy. The omega precipitates formed are shown to behave as nucleation sites for a fine alpha phase particle leading to a final stable beta + alpha phases alloy. M04-38 Strategy for the Application of Electron Backscatter Diffraction to the Study on Recrystallization: J.-Y. Kang1, D.-I. Kim2, H.N. Han1, K.H. Oh1 and H.-C. Lee1; 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 599 Gwanangno, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-744, Korea, 2Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Wolsongil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Korea Recrystallization in metal sheets is one of the research areas which adopt electron backscatter diffraction techniques most actively. As there has been a large demand especially from automotive industries, this topic is being investigated thoroughly in a number of related issues. The most critical one is the development of recrystallization texture which is relevant to all other issues from plastic deformation to annealing processes. This work illustrates a systematic methodology for the application of orientation mapping to the study on recrystallization texture development. M04-39 Nano-micro Characterization of Austenitic ODS Steels with Irradiation Resistance: M. Watanabe, S. Ohnuki, N. Hashimoto, S. Yamashita1 T. Ohtsuka1 and N. Akasaka1; Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8278, Japan, 1 Oarai Research Center, JAEA, Oarai, Ibaraki, Japan An oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) austenitic steel was produced by mechanical alloying (MA) with Y2O3 followed by heat treatment for the purpose of application to fast and fusion reactor component material with high corrosion and heat resistance. The dispersion and structure of nano-sized oxide particles were analyzed by using TEM and HVEM. In addition, effect of Ti, Zr, Hf addition on oxide particle distribution and hardness was investigated. Based on these results, the appropriate (or the best) element and condition for uniform distribution of oxide particle would be suggested. M04-40 Synthesis and Property Evaluation of Hydride Ti Powder from Ti Scrap: J.C. Choi, I.H. Oh, S.H. Jang, and Y.H. Cha1; Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Gwangju Research Center,
[email protected], Korea, 1Division of Mechanical Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea Titanium (Ti) and its alloys are used in various fields such as the aerospace, chemical industry, marine and automobile industries. Ti has such diverse uses because of its high strength, light weight, high-temperature performance, excellent flexibility, extraordinary corrosion-resistance, and biocompatibility characteristics. But high temperature reactivity problem of the difficulty processing and it compares in the different structure material and there is a weak point which is a high price. In this study, titanium metal collecting scrap from manufacturing/ processing, the sanctification, hydrogenation / dehydrogenation and ball mill through manufacturing titanium powder of the process. M04-42 HRTEM Study of Beta'-Phase in Cu-Zn Alloy at Early Stage of Annealing: Masaaki Nishiyama1 Kenji Matsuda2, Tokimasa Kawabata Yasuhiro Uetani3 and Susumu Ikeno2; 1Graduate School of Science and Engineering for Education, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan; 2 Graduate School of Science and Engineering for Research, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Discontinuous Precipitation in Commercial Cast AZ91 Mg Alloys: K.Fujii1, T.Gonoji2, K. Matsuda3, T. Kawabata3, Y. Uetani4 and S. Ikeno3; 1Industrial Research Institute of Ishikawa, 2-1 Kutatsuki, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan, 2Graduate school of Science and Engineering for Education, University of Toyama, 3190, Gofuku, Toyama, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan, 3Graduate school of Science and Engineering for research, University of Toyama, 3190, Gofuku, Toyama, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan, 4Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama, 939-0398, Japan AZ91 is one of the most popular Mg alloys because of its superior castability, mechanical strength and ductility. In this study, hardness measurement, SEM, the electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) technique and TEM were performed in order to understand the relationship between discontinuous precipitation and crystallographic orientation of grains in AZ91 alloy. The alloy of Mg-9mass%Al with a high purity was also used for the comparison with AZ91 alloy. M04-44 POSTER TUESDAY Morphologies of Precipitates in Mg-Zn Alloy: T. Kawabata1, S. Mori2, K. Matsuda1 and S. Ikeno1; 1 Graduate school of science and engineering for research, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan, 2 Graduate school of science and engineering for education, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) observations were performed to investigate the morphologies of the precipitates in the specimen aged at 473 K. The morphologies of the b1' and b2' phases was rod and plate-like shapes respectively. The b1' phases have two kinds of shapes in the edge on of the rod. The b1' phase with rectangle shape has the facet parallel to {1-100}Mg planes. The b1' phase with another kind of shapes has some facets parallel to the {11-20}Mg and {1-100}Mg planes. It was clarified that b1' phases has a two kind of shape in edge on of that rod. M04-41 Toyama, 930-8555, Japan, 3Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama, 939-0398, Japan It has been well known that the single beta' phase in Cu-Zn alloy decomposes into the plate-shaped alpha-phase and the beta'-matrix(CsCl) during annealing below 623K. The mechanism of formation of alpha phase is important for thinking mechanism of bainite transformation. However there is no report on the crystal structure and microstructure of beta'-matrix in detail by HRTEM. In the present work, the crystal structure of beta'-matrix in binary Cu-Zn at the early stage of annealing time has been investigated by TEM and HRTEM techniques. M04-43 Deformation Behavior of the Ductile Widmanstatted of TiAl Alloy: J.P. Cui, M.L. Sui1 and D.X. Li; Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China A kind of Widmanstätten lamellar structure of TiAl alloy was achieved by electric-current-pulse (ECP) treatment, which presented good tensile ductility at room temperature. It may be beneficial to realize good balanced properties of TiAl alloys. In order to understand the deformation mechanisms of this microstructure, it is necessary to further study the deformation structure and to elucidate the Widmanstätten lamellar structure in response to the tensile straining. M04-45 Effect of Cr Addition on the Micro-hardness and Aging-precipitates of Al-Mg2Si Alloy: Shumei 105 POSTER TUESDAY Wang1, Kenji Matsuda2, Tokimasa Kawabata2 and Susumu Ikeno2; 1Graduate School of Science and Engeering for education, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama, 830-8555, Japan, 2Graduate School of Science and Engeering for research, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama, 830-8555, Japan In the continuing for automobile weight reduction, the 6000 series Al-Mg-Si alloys considered the promising candidates for age-hardenable bodysheet materials. Of particular interest are the effects of transition elements such as chromium and manganese, which are usually added to Al-Mg-Si alloys to control recrystallization and grain structure and thus the properties of these types of alloys. In this study, the alloy without and with 0.2mass% Cr addition was used to investigate the effect of Cr addition on the micro-hardness and aging-precipitates of Al-Mg2Si alloy. M04-46 Characterization of Grain Growth at the Austenitic Stainless Steel Welded Joint during 1200℃ High Temperature Using EBSD and SEM: Y. Huang1 and C. Pan1; 1Department of Physics and Center for Electron Microscopy, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P R China Austenitic stainless steel weld structure has been widely used in power generation plants, petrochemical and refinery, spacecraft, due to its advanced properties in elevated mechanical property, corrosion and oxidation resistances, etc. However, many practical damages have shown that most of the failures were originated from the welded joint, especially the weld fusion zone (FZ), which were resulted from the grain growth and microstructural variations at the long-term high temperature service. In the present paper, the grain growth behaviors in the FZ and heat-affected zone(HAZ) during 1200℃ high temperature were characterized using by EBSD and SEM. M04-47 TEM Observation of the Age Hardening Precipitates in Mg-Gd-Sc Alloys, with Different Sc Concentrations: K. Fukumori1, T. Kawabata2, K. Matsuda2 and S. Ikeno2; 1Graduate school of Science and Engineering for Education, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan, 2Graduate school of Science and Engineering for research, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku,Toyama, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan Magnesium alloys that contain rare earth elements (RE) have good heat resistance. It has been reported that magnesium alloys containing gadolinium (Gd) exhibit excellent age hardening and addition of a scandium (Sc) to magnesium improves creep resistance. Ternary Mg-Gd-Sc alloys that added both elements of Gd and Sc to Mg are few reports that observe these precipitates in detail by using high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM). In this 106 study, HRTEM observations were performed to investigate the age hardening precipitates in Mg-Gd-Sc alloys. The used specimens are Mg-14mass% Gd-7mass%Sc and Mg-14mass%Gd-14mass%Sc. These specimens were solution heat-treated at 773K for 1h and 848K for 2h in case of Mg-14%Gd-7% Sc and Mg-14%Gd-14%Sc and then quenched into water. The aging treatment was performed at 473 and 523K. Hardness was measured with Vickershardness tester. HRTEM observations were performed by using TOPCON EM-002B type, operated at 120kV. M04-48 Hexagonal Platelet β in Al-Mg-Si-Ag Alloy: K. Matsuda1, K. Yamamoto2, J. Nakamura2, T. Kawabata1 and S. Ikeno1; 1Graduate School of Science & Engineering for Research, University of Toyama, 3190, Gofuku, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan, 2 Graduate School of Science & Engineering for Education, University of Toyama, 3190, Gofuku, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan The precipitation sequence in Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloys has been reported and the crystal structures of quaternary Q- and Q' (B'-) phases have been identified to determine the effect of the addition of Cu in these alloys. We have discovered a precipitate with hexagonal plate form in an Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy, and identified the precipitate as beta-Mg2Si phase with a new OR to the matrix. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the beta-phase in Al-Mg-Si alloys added silver (Ag) is the same as that in Ag-free or Cu-added Al-Mg-Si alloys. M04-49 Influence of Heavily Plastic Deformation on Precipitation Behavior in a Cu-1.8wt%Be-0.2wt%Co alloy aged at 320ºC: R. Monzen1, T. Hasegawa1 and C. Watanabe1; 1Division of Innovative Technology and Science, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan Recently, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) of precipitated phases in Cu-0.9wt%Be alloy single crystals containing only the GP zones on the (001) plane has revealed that the phases follow a complicated G.P. zone Æ γ” Æ γ’I Æ γI + γ’ Æ γ sequence with increasing aging time. In addition, the precipitation behavior in a Cu-1.8wt%Be-0.2wt%Co alloy during aging at 320 ºC up to 350 h has been studied. In this work, we will investigate the effect of prior cold work (90% reduction) on the precipitation process in the Cu-Be-Co alloy aged at 320ºC. We have found a new-precipitated phase called γ m, as will be shown later. M04-50 Effect of an Applied Stress for Discontinuous Precipitation in a Cu-Be Alloy: T. Hasegawa1, C. M-05) Ceramics and Inorganic Materials TEM Study of Si4+-doped Chromium Oxide Nanocrystals Prepared by Laser Ablation Condensation Technique: Chun-Hung Lin1, S.Y. Chen2 and P. Shen1; 1Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan 2Department of Mechanical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan Pulsed laser ablation (PLA) technique has been used to fabricate dioxide condensates, such as a-PbO2 type TiO2 and rutile type TiO2 with {hkl}-specific coalescence twinning. Here, Si4+-doped chromium oxide nanocondensates by PLA (1.51108 W/cm2) on a clamped Cr/Si target in oxygen (50 L/min) for a very rapid heating/cooling and hence pressure effect were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM, JEOL 3010 instrument at 300 kV). We focused on the phase identity, reorientation and coalescence behavior of such nanocondensates, as of concern to the formation of Cr-rich particles in the laser processing of Cr:yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) fiber with or without silica cladding for potential wide band optical communication applications. M05-10 POSTER TUESDAY Watanabe2 and R. Monzen2; 1Division of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan, 2Division of Innovative Technology and Science, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan The effect of external stress on the morphology and growth rate of discontinous precipitation cells in a Cu-2.1 wt% Be alloy have been examined. The cells grow randomly to all directions even when aged under a tensile or compressive stress. The compressive stress accelerates the growth rate but the tensil stress does not essentially change it Depending on the sense of external stress, specific r precipitate variants in cells among crystallographyically equivalent ones are formed preferentially. The experimental results are explained in terms of the interaction between the applied stress and the misfit strain of r precipitates. M04-51 Organized by Nam Hee Cho Scanning Electron Microscopy Study on Gold Mosaic Glass: P. Dararutana1, J. Dutchaneephet2, P. Chetanachan3, N. Sirikulrat2 and P. Wathanakul4; 1 Glass and Glass Products Research and Development Laboratory, Institute for Science and Technology Research and Development, Chiang Mai University, Muang, Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand, 2Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, 3 Electron Microscopy Section, National Institute of Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Nonthaburi, 11000 Thailand, 4Gemmology and Mineral Sciences Special Research Unit, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart, University, Bangkok 10900 Thailand Mosaic glass that belongs to one of decorate arts is to make by joining small pieces of glass together. Gold mosaic glass has been used to decorate in ancient time. Its structure is divided into three layers; covered glass, gold layer and based glass. In this study, the composition of the old foreign gold mosaic glasses was analyzed using X-ray spectrometry. The prepared gold mosaic glasses that based on colorless lead-free high refractive index glasses using local raw materials were fabricated. The interfacial surface between the joining was carried out using scanning electron microscope. It was found that the composition of the old foreign gold mosaic glass was based on alkali-lime silicate glass. The SEM micrographs showed that the cross section layers of the joining interfaces of the old foreign and prepared gold mosaic glasses were similar. It can be concluded that the prepared gold mosaic glass that produced from local raw materials was satisfactory as decorative glass. M05-09 Microstructural Analysis of NbF5-doped MgH2 Exhibiting Fast Hydrogen Sorption Kinetics: Ji Woo Kim1, Jae-Pyoung Ahn3, Seon-Ah Jin2, Hee-Suk Chung1, Sang Hoon Lee1, Jae-Hyeok Shim2, Young Whan Cho2 and Kyu Hwan Oh1; 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ku Gwanak-ro 599, Seoul, Korea, 2Materials Science and Technology Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea, 3Advanced Analysis Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea The microstructure of NbF5-doped MgH2, prepared by high-energy ball milling (HEBM), was studied using high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). The TEM samples were prepared without air exposure by a focused ion beam system specially designed for highly air sensitive materials. During HEBM, the doping agent, NbF5, melted and was distributed as an extremely thin, film-like, amorphous phase along the grain boundaries of the nanocrystalline MgH2. After 10 sorption cycles, amorphous Nb-F phase was transformed into crystalline Nb hydrides. It is believed that the Nb hydride played a decisive role in improving the sorption kinetics of MgH2. M05-11 A Series of Modulated Structures in SrxCoO2 Observed by HRTEM: L.D. Yao, Y.Q. Guo, J.L. Luo, W. Zhang, F.Y. Li, C.Q. Jin and R.C. Yu1; Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, 1Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 603, Beijing 100190, China The A series of modulated structures were obtained from HRTEM observations. We proposed a 107 odulation rule and concluded that those modulated phases are induced by the alternate position ordering of strontium ions. Ideal structure models are proposed. M05-12 POSTER TUESDAY Crystallographic and Local Electronic Structures of Nanocheckerboards in Mn-doped CoFe2O4 spinel: C.M. Tseng1, C.L. Zhang2, S. Yeo2, S.-W. Cheong2 and C.H. Chen1; 1Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, 2Rutgers Center for Emergent Materials and Department of Physics & Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA. Recently, solid-state self-assembly of nanocheckerboards (CB) in Jahn-Teller cations (Mn3+) containing spinel systems was successfully achieved via chemical phase separation mediated by cooperative Jahn-Tellerdistortion. More interestingly, the CBs are mainly stacked with two constituent domains, one is cubic domain with lower Mn concentration and the other is tetragonal domain with higher Mn concentration. The CB-like nanopillars exhibiting large shape and magnetic anisotropy can be a platform for ultra high-density memory devices. In this study, we present the crystallographic and electron energy-loss near-edge structures (ELNES) of these two distinct phases in Mn-doped CoFe2O4 spinel by using high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and high resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). M05-13 Microstructure and Defect Investigations of Layered Manganites La2-2xCa1+2xMn2O7 (x = 0.6, 0.8 and 0.9) by HREM: Y. M. Wang and R. C. Yu; Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 603, Beijing 100190, China The defects and microstructure in n=2 RuddlesdenPopper (RP) compounds La2-2xCa1+2xMn2O7(x = 0.6, 0.8 and 0.9) have been investigated by high-resolution electronmicroscopy. The HREM images illustrate the complex microstructure of these compounds. The examined compounds can not form a pure phase of n=2 structure and some of phases with different number n are embedded in the predominant n=2 structure as intergrowths or microdomians. The La0.2Ca2.8Mn2O7 (x=0.9) exhibits well crystalline with lowest defect density among all the examined samples. The type of defects in the La0.4Ca2.6Mn2O7 (x=0.8) sample are generally richer than that in the La0.2Ca2.8Mn2O7 (x=0.9) and La0.8Ca2.2Mn2O7 (x=0.6). Intergrowth of n=1 (K2NiF4-type) is observed only for x=0.9 sample. Intergrowths with n≥5, which is essentially perovskite microdomains or inclusions, are seen in the x=0.6 and 0.8 samples. Two rare types of defects 108 in the x=0.8 sample have been observed and analyzed. M05-14 HRTEM Study of Asymmetrical Twin Boundaries in BaNb0.3Ti0.7O3 Thin Films: S. J. Zheng, Y. L. Zhu and X. L. Ma; Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 110016 Shenyang, China Asymmetrical twin boundaries are found by means of transmission electron microscopy in a Perovskitebased BaNb0.3Ti0.7O3 thin film grown by laser molecular beam epitaxy on a SrTiO3 (001) substrate. The microstructural characteristics of the BaNb0.3Ti0.7O3 film was clarified in terms of lamellar {111} twins and antiphase domains. It is proposed that the intersections of (111) twinning with the antiphase domain boundaries result in the asymmetrical twin boundaries. M05-15 Microstructural Analysis of La2/3-xLi3xTiO3 by HREM: T. Tsurui1, T. Katsumata2 and Y. Inaguma2; 1 Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8577, Japan, 2 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, Mejiro 1-5-1, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8588, Japan A perovskite-type lithium doped lanthanum titanate, expressed by the formula, La2/3-xLi3xTiO3, is well known as one of the highest lithium ion conducting materials, showing high ionic conductivities as high as 10-3 Scm-1 at room temperature. Numerous studies have been performed on the conductivity and the structural analysis. Almost all structural models have based on the ordering of La atoms along the c-axis and tilting of TiO6 octahedra. However, the diffusion pathway of Li-ions were discussed on the basis of the average structure. In this study, we have observed microstructure of La2/3-xLi3xTiO3 single crystals and furnace-cooled polycrystals by HREM, and discussed the contribution of the domain structures and the ordering of La atoms to the Li-ion conduction. Polycrystalline La2/3-xLi3xTiO3 samples were synthesized by a conventional solid state reaction. The starting materials were La2O3(4N), Li2CO3(3N), and TiO2(3N). A mixture of the raw materials was calcined at 800°C for 5 h, and 1100°C for 24 h in air with an intermediate grinding. The calcined powder was pressed into pellets and sintered at 1300 ℃ for 2 h in air. Single crystals have been synthesized by a floating zone method after the solid state reaction. TEM samples were prepared as follows. To observe crystal structure images, the pellet was crushed into fine pieces and put onto microgrids covered with carbon films. To observe domain structure, samples were prepared by the standard ion milling techniques using a Fischione Model 1010 at an accelerating voltage of 3.0 kV. HREM observations were performed with a JEOL JEM-4000EX microscope M-07) Amorphous Materials and Quasicrystals Organized by Do Hyang Kim Direct Imaging of a Local Multi-shell Icosahedral Cluster in a Zr70Cu25Pt5 metallic glass: H. Minamide1, E. Abe1 J. Saida2 and T. Ohkubo3; 1Dept. of Materials Engineering, University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1 Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan, 2Center for Interdisciplinary Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan, 3National Institute for Materials Research, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Japan In the present work, we have investigated the local atomic structure of a Zr70Cu25Pt5 metallic glass phase using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). A remarkable compositional modulation at a few nanometer scales is observed for the Zr70Cu25Pt5 glass of amorphous structure; namely the modulation due to Cu-rich and Zr-rich regions, where Pt atoms are mostly distributed within the Zr-rich regions. Some characteristic ring-contrasts are frequently found both in the phasecontrast HRTEM and Z-contrast STEM images. We show that, based on a simulation of phase-contrast/ Z-contrast atomic images, these local contrasts are reasonably interpreted as a mulit-shell icosahedral cluster constructed by Zr and Pt atoms. This provides direct evidences of a local structural similarity between the glass and QC phases in the Zr-Cu-Pt alloys; shell-inflating local atomic order in accordance with icosahedral symmetry. M07-09 POSTER TUESDAY operated at 400 kV. Figure 1 shows TEM images, crystal structure images and corresponding selected area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns taken with the incident electron beam parallel to the [100] and [001] direction for La0.59Li0.27TiO3 single crystal. An HREM image of very thin regions (less than 5nm) taken under the Scherzer defocus represents faithfully the projected potential within a remarkably good approximation, and atomic positions are described as dark spots in the observed image. Therefore, the strong dark spots are considered to be La and Ti atoms. As shown in Fig. 1(c), La-rich and La-poor layers are alternatively arranged in La layers along the c-axis. As shown in Fig. 1(a) and (b), 90°oriented domains with 20-100 nm size have been clearly observed in the conventional TEM images. This result indicates that the grown single crystals are not real single crystals with mono-domain, but crystals with 90º oriented domains. In La2/3-xLi3xTiO3, almost all structural models have based on the ordering of La atoms along the c-axis. Though the anisotropy of ionic conductivity can be expected from the viewpoint of the structure, a remarkable anisotropy has not been observed in single crystals. One of the possible reasons is that the crystal has domains with different orientations. The possibility of the existence of domains was pointed out by a single crystal structural analysis and Raman scattering experiment (private communication), it has not been directly demonstrated till now. This result is the first result to demonstrate the existence of domains in La2/3-xLi3xTiO3 single crystals. No remarkable anisotropy of ionic conductivity in the single crystal may be due to the domain structure. Furthermore, we have found that the domain size increases with increasing La concentration in furnace-cooled polycrystals (not shown). In relation, it has been reported that Li-ion changes their motion from two-dimentional conduction to three-dimentional conduction with decreasing La concentration. The microdomains may affect the long-range diffusion of Li-ions. M05-16 Microstructure and Texture of Sputter-deposited Strontium Titanate Films: Shohei Nakahara1, Jae Jin Kim1, Deok-Yang Kim2 and James C. M. Hwang1; 1 Dept. of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USA, 2Renaissance Wireless Co., Somerset, New Jersey, USA We conducted a detailed electron diffraction study on texturing in strontium titanate films using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A computer simulation technique was also used to determine the degree of texturing in these films quantitatively. M07-10 Effect of Reinforcement on the Nanocrystallization in Bulk Metallic Glass Matrix Composites: Min Ha Lee1, Joong Hwan Jun1, Ki Buem Kim2, Do Hyang Kim4 and Jürgen Eckert4,5; 1Advanced Materials Division, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Incheon 406-840, Korea, 2Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747, Korea, 3Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, Korea. 4IFW Dresden, Institute for Complex Materials, P.O.Box 27 01 16, D-01171 Dresden, Germany, 5TU Dresden, Institute of Materials Science, D-01062 Dresden, Germany We investigated the effect of reinforcement on the formation of nanocrystals at shear bands in a Ni-based metallic glass matrix composite in comparison with monolithic Ni-based bulk metallic glass when shear bands are generated during deformation. The results suggest that the occurrence of nanocrystallization at a shear band implies a stress concentration by a geometrical effect of the reinforcement phase on the compressive loading conditions. M07-11 109 POSTER TUESDAY Using Fluctuation Microscopy to Characterize the Preferential Ion-milled Dominant Shear Band: H. Guo, J. Wen, Z.F. Zhang and M.L. Sui; Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China As a newly developed technique for studying medium-range order in disordered materials, fluctuation electron microscopy (FEM) was used to characterize structure change of dominant shear band in compressed Zr52.5Cu17.9Al10Ni14.6Ti5 metallic glass. In the unfractured sample, TEM bright field image shows that dominant shear band appeared an about 10-micron-wide bright band, after ion milling. The brighter intensity indicates that the bright band is thinner than the area elsewhere, because of the preferential ion milling along the band. FEM measurements show that the matrix had a much more pronounced peak in the variance comparing with the presence of the bright band, which means that the matrix has a higher medium-range order. M07-12 TEM and SEM Analysis of the Heat Treatedcellulose Fibers: N. Jeong1, S. Han1, H. Kim1, K. Myung2, K. Park2 and J. Lee3; 1Korea Institute of Energy Research, Nano Materials Research Center, Daejeon, Korea, 2Korea Institute of Energy Research, Testing and Evaluation Center, Daejeon, Korea 3 School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea The investigation for the convert of biomass to useful energy materials is the most interesting theme for our days. The plentiful and renewable natural cellulose is very useful for the mass production of bio-energy and the expansion of application. In this work, carbon fiber was prepared from heat treatment of the commercially useful cellulose fiber. For synthesis of the carbon fiber, the furnace was heated up to the desired temperature with a rate of about 10 ℃/min. Surface morphology and structure of as-formed carbon fiber were characterized by HR-TEM, FE-SEM, and Raman spectroscopy. SEM images showed that the volume of cellulose fiber decreased before heat treatment, but their shape is hardly verified. Also HR-TEM image revealed clearly that the skin of the fiber was a glassy carbon with amorphous carbon structure. These results were identified from Raman spectroscopy. M07-13 Electron microscopy simulation and electron tomography used for atomic structure reconstruction of an amorphous matrix with embedded ordered cluster. M07-14 Optimization of Structural Heterogeneity for Enhanced Plasticity in Zr-Ti(-Nb)-Cu-Ni-Al bulk Metallic Glasses and their Composites: E.S. Park,1 H.J. Chang2 and D.H. Kim3; 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Korea, 2Electron Microscopy Group, Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge TN37831 USA, 3 Center for Non-crystalline Materials, Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea Zr-Ti-(Nb)-Cu-Ni-Al is a well-known system for BMG or BMG matrix composites with improved plastic elongation. In the present study, we have systematically studied the effects of alloy compositions and CR on phase selection in as-cast microstructure and mechanical properties. The present study shows that the plasticity can be improved when icosahedral quenched-in nuclei exist in the amorphous matrix. However, the formation of the icosahedarl particle during casting deteriorates the plasticity as well as yield strength. On the one hand, micrometer scale β-Zr (ductile dendrite phase obtained at relatively slow CR) significantly increases the plastic elongation with work hardening behavior, while nanometer scale spherical particles (obtained at relatively fast CR) shows very little effect on deformability. The potential causes will be discussed with both the intensive structural analysis (HRTEM shown in Figure 1 and EXAFS shown in Fig. 2) and the measurement of the shear step using optical profilermeter. As a consequence, it can be realized that the plasticity in BMG with heterogeneity can be enhanced by the optimization of both tailoring combinations of constituent elements and controlling CR. This concept is considered to be effective even in the designed other BMG systems with structural heterogeneity. M07-15 M-08) Polymer/Organic and Biomimetic/Medical Materials Organized by Geungho Kim and Byeonghyeok Sohn Electron Microscopy and Tomography of Amorphous Alloys Atomic Structure Modeling: V.S. Plotnikov, B.N. Grudin, E.V. Pustovalov, S.V. Dolzhikov, E.S. Slabzhennikov, E.B. Modin and O.V. Voitenko; Electron Microscopy and Image Processing Lab, Far Eastern National University, 8 Shukhanova str., Vladivostok, 690950 Russia 110 IN-SITU Tensile TEM Study of Toughening Mechanism of HIPS: Yongxi SH1; Analysis & Testing Center, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Add: P.O. Box. 89, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, No. 15, Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Beijing China According to plastic toughening theory, rubber particles inside plastics can induce crazes or shearing zone, therefore consume impact momentum. Rubber particles can also branch or terminate crazes, prevent crazes from developing into destructive cracks. This article uses tensile specimen holder of H-800 TEM，IN-SITU stretch HIPS ultra-thin section stained by OsO4. The deformation process of HIPS' "containing structure" under tensile stress is observed. During the process of stretching, deformation of rubber particles consumes impact momentum, and at the same time, rubber particles are located across the cracks, preventing these cracks from further developing, therefore enhance the toughness of HIPS. M08-09 Phase-Transitional Phenomena of Vinylidene Fluoride/Trifluoroethylene Copolymer Crystals on Vacuum-Evaporated Carbon Substrate: T.-T. Hua1 N. Tomari2, K. Muto2, T. Itoh2, S. Fujiwara2 and M. Hashimoto2; 1Department of Textile Material and Chemistry, Hanoi University of Technology, Vietnam, 2Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Mastugasaki, Japan Crystal structures of vinylidene fluoride/ trifluoroethylene (VDF/TrFE) copolymers in thin films cast from the cyclohexanone dilute solution on vacuum-evaporated carbon substrate were examined by transmission electron microscopy and FouriertransformIR between room temperature and 398 K. Change in the d-spacing became irreversible for the copolymers with VDF fractions of 59 (C59) and 65 mol % (C65) which show reversible phase transition in bulky state, while change in the molecular conformation was reversible for C65 and irreversible for C59. Such results suggest that the interaction between the copolymer chain and amorphous carbon substrate may stabilize the expanded copolymer crystals at room temperature. M08-11 Directed Crystallization under Nanoscopic Confinement: Kyunghee Lee1, Euntak Woo1 and Kyusoon Shin1; 1School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Korea The crystal structure and crystallization kinetics of polymers and metal under nanoscopic confinement have been investigated. We observed the orientation of crystal structure of polymers in thin films and the cylindrical nanopores, and we found there are substantial changes of crystalline structure upon the variation of degree of confinement or type of confinement. We also found that the crystallization kinetics drastically altered especially in cylindrical nanopores. We will discuss those phenomena by applying the classical crystallization theory. M08-13 POSTER TUESDAY Observation of Fddd Network Structure in Diblock Copolymer by Electron Tomography: M. I. Kim1, S. Akasaka1, T. Wakada1, M. Takenaka1 and H. Hasegawa1; 1Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan Block copolymer can self-assemble into various microstructures via microphase separation depending on composition, molecular weight and temperature. Recently, we obtained a new morphlogy, Fddd, in polystyrene-block-polyisoprene diblock copolymer (SI) by SAXS. In this study, we investigated the Fddd sturcture by TEM and electron tomography. We found the Fddd structure is a noncubic triply branched single- network structure. M08-10 Surface Texturing of GaN Surface Using Block Copolymer Template: Dong June Hwang1, Jihyun Kim1 and Joona Bang1; 1Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea We report that nanostructured patterns can be achieved on GaN/Al2O3 by a nanofabrication method that employs the ICP etching of a block copolymer template. We first prepared the nanoporous patterns of poly(ethylene oxide-b-methyl methacrylate-bstyrene) (PEO-b-PMMA-b-PS) triblockcopolymer thin film on GaN/c-Al2O3 substrates. Then, the nanostructures from PEO-b-PMMA-b-PS triblock copolymers were successfully transferred to a GaN layer using ICP etching. Room temperature photoluminescence confirmed that the intensity was increased by about 30% around 450nm wavelength, after pattern transfer onto GaN/c-Al2O3 substrates. M08-12 Confined Nanostructures of Symmetric Diblock Copolyners in Thin Films: Sehee Kim1, Kookheon Char1,2 and Byeong-Hyeok Sohn1,3; 1Interdisciplinary Program in Nano Science and Technology, NANO Systems Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea, 2School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea, 3Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea Diblock copolymers are composed of two different polymers that are spontaneously self-assembled into periodic nanostructures, of which the size and morphology can be easily controlled by the molecular weight and composition of copolymers. Under physical confinement, the molecular organization of the copolymer can be significantly influenced by the structural frustration and interfacial interaction, leading to unusual morphologies which cannot be achieved in bulk. In this presentation, we investigated nanostructures of lamellae forming diblock co- 111 polymer thin films, which can be used as photonic band gap structures and the patterned thin film via nanoimprint lithography, by transmission electron microscopy. M08-14 POSTER TUESDAY Nanorods of Block Copolymers and Their Micellar Nanotubes from Anodized Aluminum Oxide Tem: Seung-Min Jeon1, Sung Hwa Lee1 and Byeong-Hyeok Sohn1; 1Department of Chemistry, NANO Systems Institute, Seoul National University Nanoporous anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) can be an effective template to fabricate nanotubes or nanorods of a variety of materials with controlled diameters and lengths. From AAO templates, we fabricated nanorods of block copolymers and nanotubes of block copolymer micelles. After removing the AAO template, internal nanostructures of nanorods and micellar nanotubes were investigated by transmission electron microscopy. With block copolymer micelles containing precursors of nanoparticles, AAO pores were decorated with nanoparticles which were examined by field-emission scanning electron microscopy. M08-15 Layer-by-Layer Assembled Magnetic Nano Particle Films with Adjustable Magnetic Properties: Younghoon Kim1 and Jinhan Cho1; 1School of Advanced Materials Engineering, Kookmin University, Seoul, Korea Magnetic nanoparticles have been attracted much attention due to a number of potential applications such as biomagnetic separation, magnetic biosensing, magnetic resonance imaging or hyperthermia treatment. Although it has been recently reported that oleic acid-stabilized nanoparticles synthesized in organic solvent have the relatively strong superpara magnetic properties in comparison with those synthesized in water, these particles have difficulty in being adsorbed onto the substrates because of their hydrophobic properties. In this study, we report the fabrication of layer-by-layer assembled (polymer/magnetic particle)n multilayers through the surface modification of magnetic particles. Additionally, we demonstrate that these films can be easily controlled from superpara to ferroelectric properties displaying structural color. M08-16 Image Contrast Enhancement for Biological and Soft Material's Specimens in a 120kV TEM: C. Hamamoto1, H. Nishioka1, N. Endo1, T. Ishikawa1, Y. Ohkura1, H. Takahashi1and T. Oikawa2; 1JEOL Ltd., 1-2, Musashino 3-Chome, Akishima, Tokyo 196-8558, Japan, 2JEOL (Europe) SAS, 1 Allée de Giverny, 78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France A marked progress has recently been made in resolution of transmission electron microscopes 112 (TEM) owing to a stable field emission gun and sophisticated lens design. However, in the field of biology and soft material science, where the specimens for TEM usually exhibit low contrast without staining, higher contrast rather than better resolution has recently been introduced in the market. In this paper, it is reported that a lower acceleration voltage at 120 kV gives higher contrast images of an unstained biological specimen than at 200 kV. M08-17 Cystallographic and Microstructural Analysis of Biological Composites: G. H. Kim1 and J. P. Ahn2; 1 Division of Materials Research, KIST, 39-1 Hawolgokdong, Sungbuk-ku, Seoul, Korea, 2Advanced Analysis Center, KIST, Seoul, Korea Exploitation of unique and excellent properties found in nanoscale materials and composites is a widespread trend with many successful examples. New nanostructured materials and their properties are explored in optical, electrical, mechanical and magnetic applications. Two critical issues for the commercial application of potential nanostructured materials are the proper design and control of nanostructure and bottom-up process for the fabrication of such nanostructures. Nature provides wide variety of nanostructural examples and biological composites have hierarchical structures with multi-functionality and precise interfacial control of constituent phases, exhibiting the properties far exceeding the engineering composites. For example, it is not uncommon to find porous single crystalline or an amorphous matrix reinforced with fibrous crystalline phase having the same chemical composition. In addition, spatial arrangement of constituents in atomic scale may provide a meaningful insight into the bottom-up growth mechanisms of biological nanostructures [3]. Precise crystallographic control of inorganic phase is often performed by intricate arrangements of organic phase, known as intracrystalline polymer. Combined application of advanced characterization techniques is essential to understand and interpret these complex and hierarchical nanostructures of biological nanocomposites.There is little study on the crystallographic assemblage of biological ceramics in the medium length scale, which will reveal crucial information on the coordinated growth mechanism to produce a macroscopic shape unique to a given species. Two examples of seashell nanostructures are compared in this study. Nacre layer in Abalone is composed of preferentially oriented, horizontally stacked single crystals of aragonite separated by thin organic matrix. On the other hand, outer layer of pen shell consists of vertically oriented, columnar calcite single crystals enclosed by thick organic envelope. Both EBSD mapping of orientation in the SEM and Kikuchi pattern analysis in the TEM are applied depending on the size of constituents. Radiation damage from the PPB. In our tomographic slice images, we could also identify two types of vesicles in the PPB region, endocytic, clathrin-coated vesicles and structurallyrelated, non-coated vesicles. L02-08 L-02) Cellular Electron Tomography Structome of Yeast Cells by Freeze-Substitution and Serial Ultrathin Sectioning Electron Microscopy: M. Yamaguchi, H. Okada, M. Ohkusu and S. Kawamoto; Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8673, Japan True understanding of cell structure comes only from quantitative three-dimensional structural analysis. The term “structome”, coined by combining “structure” and “-ome”, is defined as quantitative threedimensional structural information of whole cells at the electron microscopic level. We report here the structome of the cells of yeast Exophiala dermatitidis. The cell wall occupied 22% of the cell volume. Its nucleus occupied ~7% of the cell volume. There were 17-52 mitochondria per cell, occupying 7-12% of the cell volume. Five to ten endoplasmic reticula were present in a cell, occupying ~0.2 % of the cell volume. The Golgi apparatus, spindle pole body, autophagosomes, multivesicular bodies, lipid bodies, microtubules and microfilaments occupied ~1 % of the cell volume in total. About 200,000 ribosome particles were present per cell. The cytosol occupied 43-53 % of the cell volume. The membranes of cells of this yeast could be classified into three groups. L02-09 Organized by Sung Sik Han, Brad Marsh and Keiichi Namba Model Simulation Study on Beer’s Law in BF-TEM Tomography: Hyeong-Tae Jou1, Sujeong Lee2 and Youn-Joong Kim3; 1Marine Environment Research Department, Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute, Ansan, Korea, 2Minerals and Materials Processing Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Daejeon, Korea, 3Division of Electron Microscopic Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Korea This simulation study examined the importance of Beer’s law in BF-TEM tomography. A model simulation was performed with the original 3D head phantom model of Kak and Slaney, and the modified version of it, with an enhanced difference in absorption coefficients. In order to reconstruct an artifacts-free 3D structure from the projections showing only weak contrast, Beer’s law should be adopted with the correct incident intensity for tomography. L02-07 Preprophase Band is a Localized Center of Clathrin-mediated Endocytosis in Late Prophase of Onion Cotyledon Epidermis: I. Karahara1, J. Suda2, Y. Masuta1, H. Tahara2, E. Yokota2, T. Shimmen2, K. Misaki3, S. Yonemura3, L.A. Staehelin4 and Y. Mineyuki5; 1Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan, 2Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, 3-2-1 Kouto, Akou, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan, 3RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuou-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan, 4MCD Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0347, USA, 5Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, 2167 Shosha, Himeji, Hyogo 671-2280, Japan We have investigated the membrane systems in the PPB of epidermal cells of cryofixed onion cotyledons by analyzing quantitatively the endocytic and secretory structures in serial thin sections and in electron tomograms. In contrast to specimens prepared by conventional electron microscopy techniques, where clathrin-coated pits and vesicles have rarely been seen in the PPB region, our high pressure frozen cells demonstrate the presence of large numbers of clathrin-coated pits and vesicles in POSTER TUESDAY finely focused electron beam has to be avoided by careful selection M08-18 L-05) Immunocytochemistry and Histochemistry Organized by Soo Jin Kim, Jin-Woong Jeong and Hee Chol Kang Distribution of Vimentin Intermediate Filaments, Actin Filaments, and Plectin in Sinus Endothelial Cells of Rat Spleen: Kiyoko Uehara; Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan In electron microscopy of ultrathin sections of extracted endothelial cells, stress fibers were especially conspicuous due to their high electron density. The intermediate filaments were distributed exclusively in the vicinity of stress fibers and sparsely in the cytoplasm without the basal part of the endothelial cells. Immunofluorescence microscopy of tissue cryosections demonstrated that vimentin, plectin, and actin were localized in the basal part of the endothelial cells. Immunoelectron microscopy revealed vimentin, plectin, and actin in the basal part 113 of the endothelial cells. These data suggest that plectin cross-links vimentin and actin filaments in the basal part of sinus endothelial cells. L05-14 POSTER TUESDAY Flavonoid, EGCG, Protects Against Oxidative Stress-Induced Apoptotic Cell Death and Caspase Activation in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells: K. Wongprasert, S. Asuvapongpatana and Thichanpiang P.; Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, China It has been reported that oxidative damage in the retinal pigment epithelium contributes to the initiation and/or progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the most abundant polyphenolic flavonoid in green tea has been shown to possess strong antioxidant activity. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of EGCG to protect against exogenous oxidative stress, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced cell death in retinal pigment epithelial cells, ARPE-19. A human retinal pigment epithelial cell line, ARPE-19, were pretreated with or without EGCG (1-100 µm) for 2 h at 37℃, then followed with 400 µM H2O2 for 24 h. The percentage of viable cells was measured by MTT assay. Morphology of the cells was investigated under phase contrast microscope. A hallmark feature of apoptotic cell death, the nuclear condensation, was determined by Hoechst 33342 staining. The expression of caspase-3, apoptotic executioner protein, was analyzed by western blot analysis. Fluorescence immunocytochemisty was also performed to visualize activation of caspase 3. The results demonstrated that H2O2 at a concentration of 400 µM significantly decreased cell viability and increased the number of chromatin condensed nuclei in ARPE-19 cells. In addition, the H2O2-induced oxidative stress upregulated caspase 3 expression and activation. The toxic effects of H2O2 were ameliorated by pretreating the cells with 50 or 100 µM EGCG. Furthermore, ARPE-19 cells pre-treated with EGCG attenuated caspase 3 expression and activation. These findings suggest that EGCG provides protection against H2O2-induced apoptotic cell death in ARPE19 cells via an anti-apoptotic activity. L05-15 Studies on Photoinduction of Photosynthetic Proteins in Prototheca wickerhamii by Immunoelectron Microscopy: N. Kiyohara1, T. Ehara2, S. Aoki3 and T. Osafune1; 1Department of Life Sciences, Nippon Sport Science University, Yokohama, Japan, 2Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan, 3Advanced Research Center, Nippon Dental University at Niigata, Niigata, Japan Prototheca wickerhamii has retained the ability to synthesize at least some chloroplast proteins in 114 response to light exposure, although the genus Prototheca has lost the ability to synthesize chlorophyll and to form morphologically complete chloroplasts. The metabolic role if any of RuBisCO remains to be determined. L05-16 Electron Microscopic Studies on Bactericidal Effects of Electrolyzed Acidic Water: N. Kiyohara1, I. Watanabe1, H. Kibamoto1, Y. Miwa1, K. Ode1, Y. Omoto1 and T. Osafune2; 1Department of Sport Methodology, Nippon Sport Science University, Yokohama, Japan, 2Department of Life Sciences, Nippon Sport Science University, Yokohama, Japan Kendo protective equipment is used without washing for a long time. Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Micrococcus luteus and Bacillus sphaericus are frequently isolated from the mask of kendo protective equipment during one year. When S. saprophyticus was treated with electrolyzed acidic water and its cellular structures were observed under a transmission electron microscope, ghost cytoplasm was observed, in which no ribosomal granules or fibrous DNA structures were present, and the cell wall inner layer was detached from the outer layer. Under a scanning electron microscope, the structure of the cell wall surface layer was wrinkled, and round pores were partially formed, indicating that the cytoplasmic structures were flushed out of the cells treated with electrolyzed acidic water through the pores formed in the cell wall. In M. luteus, the destruction of ribosomal granules and that of DNA fibers were observed to be similar to those of S. saprophyticus. For B. sphaericus, the effect of electrolyzed acidic water was investigated using vegetative cells. A dissociation between the cytoplasm and cell wall wrinkled the cell surface layer. Electrolyzed acidic water may be useful for disinfecting of kendo equipment. L05-17 The Existence and Distribution of GonadotropinReleasing Hormone-Like Factor in the Neural and Gonadal and Their Effects on Reproductive Processes of Female Macrobrachium Rosenbergii: A. Ngernsoungnern1,2, P. Ngernsoungnern1,2, W. Weerachatyanukul1, S. Kavanaugh3, S.A. Sower3, J. Chavadej1, P. Sobhon1 and P. Sretarugsa1; 1 Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, 2Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, Thailand, 3Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, USA This study demonstrates the existence of GnRHlike factors in the central nervous system and ovary of Macrobrachium rosenbergii. The immunoreactivities of lGnRH-III and octGnRH was detected in the supraesophageal ganglion and thoracic ganglion, respectively, whereas the lGnRH-I immunoreactivity was observed in the ovary. The GSI values of the prawns treated with GnRHs and GnRH analog were greater than that of the control, and the ovarian cycle of the treated prawns was apparently shorter. Administration of the GnRHs and GnRH analog showed a comparable number of spawned eggs and percentage of successful fertilization as with the control. L05-18 Identification Tissue- and Stage-specific Expression of 2-cys Peroxiredoxins from Fasciola gigantica: K. Chaithirayanon and P. Sobhon; Departments of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok, Thailand We have cloned and characterized an antioxidant gene belonging to the 2-Cys family of peroxiredoxins by immunoscreening of an adult-stage F. gigantica cDNA library using a rabbit antiserum against tegumental antigens of the parasite. Both FgPrx1 and FgPrx2 consist of 218 amino acids each with a predicted molecular weights and isoelectric points (pI), respectively of FgPrx1, 24.57 kDa and pI 7.65; FgPrx2, 24.63 kDa and pI 7.04. The two predicted F. gigantica Prx proteins are 98.6% identical to each other and to Prx from mammalian (50% identity). A phylogenetic analysis reveals that FgPrx1 and FgPrx2 appear to be more closely related to those of F. hepatica. Northern blot analysis has shown a single hybridizing transcript of approximately 1 kb in the juvenile and adult parasite. RNA in situ hybridization histochemistry has shown the presence of two FgPrx transcripts in three developmental stages of liver fluke. In the adult parasite, peroxiredoxin transcripts are located to the cells of Expression of Serotonin (5-HT) and Dopamine (DA) in the Central Nervous System (CNS) and Ovary of the Blue Swimming Crab, Portunus pelagicus: Prapee Sretarugsa1, Jirasuda Nakiem1, Jittipan Chavadej1, Maleeya Kruatrachue2 and Prasert Sobhon1; 1Department of Anatomy, 2Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400 Thailand The aim of this study is to reveal the existence of 5-HT and DA in the CNS and ovary during the ovarian cycle of the female adult blue swimming crab, Portunus pelagicus using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. We demonstrated both 5-HT and DA immunoreactivity (-ir) in the cell bodies of medium-sized neurons of neuronal clusters and neuropils in eyestalk and brain, In addition, both 5-HT and DA were also detected in the cell bodies of some giant neurons and small glia cells of TG. Remarkably, both 5-HT-ir and DA-ir were also detected in the cytoplasms of oocyte stage 1 (Oc1), Oc2 and Oc3. Furthermore, DA-ir was also revealed in the follicular cells surrounding Oc3 and fully mature oocyte (Oc4). L05-21 POSTER TUESDAY The Existence of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Immunoreactivity in the Central Nervous System and Ovary and the Effects of GnRHs on the Ovarian Maturation in the Black Tiger Shrimp Penaeus monodon: P. Ngernsoungnern1,2, A. Ngernsoungnern1,2, W. Weerachatyanukul1, J. Chavadej1, P. Sobhon1 and P. Sretarugsa1; 1Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, 2 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, Thailand We demonstrate the existence of GnRH-like factors in Penaeus monodon by detecting the presence of immunoreactivities against lGnRH-III and octGnRH in neurons of the supraesophageal ganglion and some nerve tracts of the central nervous system, whereas lGnRH-I immunoreactivity was observed in follicular cells of various stages ovaries. Moreover, three isoforms of GnRH were able to shorten the duration of ovarian maturation in both eyestalkablated and eyestalk-intact shrimp. L05-19 gut epithelium, tegument, and reproductive organs, including prostate gland, vitelline glands, testis and eggs. In 4-week old juveniles, a similar distribution pattern is observed. Metacercaria and newly excysted juveniles positive signal is strongest in the gut epithelium and moderately in the tegumental cells. This analysis suggests the overall 2-cys peroxiredox in mRNA level is highest in the gut epithelium consistent with the developmental stages- and tissuespecificities. Taken together with the recent finding, we are further characterizing the expression and activities of these recombinant proteins lead us to believe the antioxidant role of parasite against host immune cells. L05-20 Existence of Growth Hormone in Tissues of Haliotis asinina (Linnaeus): P. Saitongdee1, S. Apisawetakan2, P. Hanna1, T. Poomthong3 and P. Sobhon1; 1Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand, 2Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Mahidol University, Putthamonthon 4 Road, Salaya, Nakhonpathom, 73170, Thailand, 3The Coastal Aquaculture Research and Development Centre, Department of Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Coorperatives, KlongWan, Prachaubkirikhan, 77000, Thailand Growth hormone immunoreactivity was localized in the tissues of abalone, Haliotis asinina. Immunopositive reactions were detected in the neurosecretory cells of the neural ganglia, in globlet-like cells of digestive tract, in the epithelial cells of foot, in the 115 acinar cells of hepatopancreas, and in the early stages of oocytes and spermatocytes of gonads. Western blot analysis revealed the presence of growth hormone protein in these tissues. The molecular weight of growth hormone was found varying from ~45 to ~110 kDa. These protein bands could represent growth hormone isoforms. The results indicate that a growth hormone may be involved in control of growth and reproduction. L05-22 POSTER TUESDAY The Comparison of Porin and ATPase in the Bovine Heart Mitochondrial Cristae: Tae-Keun Kim1, In-Ki Youn2, In-Sik Lee3 and Soo-Jin Kim1; 1Department of Life Sciences, Hallym University, Okchon-dong, Chunchon, Kangwon-do 200-702, Korea, 2Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Sinchangmyeon, Asan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea, 3 Catholic medical Center, Catholic University of Korea Songeui Campus, Banpo 4-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul, Korea ATP is the energy source which is synthesized at the electron transferase that consist of comLex I, II, III, IV and V in mitochondrial cristae. The complex V functions as ATPase which composed of subcomplex F0 and F1. Porin or VDAC(voltagedependent anion-selective channel), is a family of small pore-forming proteins of the mitochondrial outer membrane. Presence of porin shows existence of mitochondria and presence of ATPase means ATP is being produced. However, porin and ATPase did not exist at the same time at the most of tissue. As a result, an assumption can be made. There are some mitochondria that producing ATP and others that do not. L05-23 Morphological Change and Mitochondrial Enzyme Distribution of the Cultured Fibroblast of Rat Infected with Chlonorchis sinensis: Jun-Yeong Oh1, Jeong-Hyeon Lee2 and Byoung-Wook Lee1, 1 1 Soo-Jin Kim ; Department of Life Sciences, Hallym University, 1 Okchon-Dong, Chunchon, Kangwon-do 200-702, Korea, 2Electron Microscope Laboratory, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Sinchang-myeon, Asan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea Variety glycoprotein terminal are distributed on the plasma membrane surface of fibroblast of bile duct. Chlonorchis sinensis is a parasite that causes diseases on host’s liver. When worm is growing, it cause bililary epithelial hyperplasia around the parasite and an inflammation and fibrosis around bile duct. Chlonorchis sinensis infected bile duct fibroblast’s dividing rate was lower than normal rat, and there was morphological modification of cytoplasmic process. As a result of culturing normal rat’s bile duct fibroblast and Chlonorchis sinensis infected bile duct fibroblast and observing mitochondrial enzyme 116 (cytochrome-c-oxidase) in a method of immunohistochemistry, the quantity of cytochrome-c-oxidase in Chlonorchis sinensis infected bile duct fibroblast was thought to be smaller than normal bile duct fibroblast. L05-24 Distribution of Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone and Its Role in Controlling Ovarian Maturation of Haliotis asinina Linnaeus: C. Wanichanon1, P. Nuurai1, A. Engsusophon1, C. Kuanpradit1, T. Poomtong2 and P. Sobhon1; 1Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand, 2The Coastal Aquaculture Research and Development Center, Department of Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, KlongWan, Prachaubkirikhun 77000, Thailand Gonadotropin releasing hormone is a peptide hormone which plays an important role in controlling the reproduction in many vertebrates and invertebrates In this study shown that GnRH immunoreactivity was present in the neurosecretory cells of the cerebral ganglion and follicular cells of the ovary of female H. asinina. GnRH could also stimulate ovarian maturation to reach maturity quicker than normal. L05-25 The Androgenic Gland and Isolation of an Insulin-like Gene in Portunus pelagicus: M. Sroyraya, M. J. Stewart2, I. Phoungpetchara1, P. J. Hanna3 and P. Sobhon1; 1Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand, 2School of Medicine, 3School of Life and Environmental Science Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3217, Australia Sexual differentiation in crustaceans is controlled by the androgenic gland (AG), through the Androgenic gland hormone (AGH). This hormone plays a pivotal role in the development of male secondary characteristics, and inhibition of female secondary characteristics. In Portunus pelagicus, the AG is attached to the distal part of spermatic duct at the fifth pair of walking legs. Histology of AG shows 2 cells types, Type I and Type II cells respectively. Type I cells are smaller spherical cells with a round nucleus, vacuolated cytoplasm, which stain intensely when counterstained with hematoxylin. Type II cells are similar to Type I cells, in possession of a round nucleus and vacuolated cytoplasm, but they larger and stain lightly with hematoxylin. L05-26 The Formation and Change of Cytochrome-coxidase in the Mitochondria of the Bovine Cardiac Muscle: Jae-bom Lee1, Soo-Sung Kim2, Kyung-Hee Hwang3 and Soo-Jin Kim1; 1Department of Life Sciences, Hallym University, 1 Okchon-dong, Chunchon, Kangwon-do 200-702, Korea, 2National Cancer Center, Madu 1-dong, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang- L-06) Cells and Tissues Structures Organized by Eun Soo Kim, Byung-Kap Jeong and Toru Noda Morphologic Characterization of Human Glioma Cells in Three-dimensional Cell Culture: Y. Manome1, T. Kobayashi2 and M. Watanabe1; 1 Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of DNA Medicine, Research Center for Medical Sciences, Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishishinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan 105-8461, 2Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center. 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan 105-0045 Cell culture is a basic technique for understanding the nature of tissues and organs in human body Two types of matrixes; type I collagen and biodegradable gelatin, were used for the study. Four malignant glioma cell lines, T98G, A172, KNS42, and U118MG were were grown in normal culture flask until start of the experiments. The three-dimensional culture method was described previously. Specimens were fixed, dehydrated, processed by isoamyl-acetate and dried. After coated with ion-sputtered gold and palladium, specimens were observed by a JSM-5800LV Scanning Electron Microscope at accelerating voltage of 15KV. Glioma cells were more adhesive to type I collagen while growth was faster in the gelatin matrix. However, the basic feature of cultured glioma was similar in both materials. When glioma cells were grown in the mesh, each cell line presented the different form. U118MG cells tightly attached to the scaffold and demonstrated dispersive growth with numerous fiber formations. To the contrary, KNS42 and A172 cells aggregated, clung in each other, and built balloon-like structures. While both cells formed conglomerates, KNS42 cells bonded more tightly than A172 cells. T98G cells demonstrated intermediate character. We conclude this culture method with electron microscope observation may have a role to elucidate character of gliomas in human body. L06-23 Dynamics of Cytoskeletal and Tyrosine Phosphorylated Proteins in Sperm of the Black Tiger Shrimp, Penaeus monodon: Rapeepun Vanichviriyakit1,2, Wattana Weerachatyanukul1, JittipanChavadej1, Boonsirm Withyachumnarnkul1,2 and Prasert Sobhon1; 1Department of Anatomy, 2 Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Rajthevee, Bangkok 10400, Thailand The structures of spermatozoa are divided into 3 parts: 1) the main body containing highly decondensed chromatin fibers, 2) subacrosomal region, 3) acrosomal region containing sac-like structure and the anterior spike. Immunolocalization showed that actin was accumulated in the subacrosomal region and also the spherical mass formed during acrosome reaction (AR). While cytokeratin was found in the sperm cytoplasm, alpha-tubulin staining suggested the presence of sperm centrosome. The different staining pattern of protein tyrosine phosphorylation in non-capacitated and capacitated sperm was also shown. L06-24 POSTER TUESDAY si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea, 3Yonsei University Medical Center, Yonsei University, Sinchon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea Cytochrome-c-oxidase in mitochondria membrane is one of the most important factor of energy generation in the cell. Meanwhile, porin protein is located in inner-, outer-membrane of mitochondria, andit is assumed to be correlated with cytochrome-coxidase,have been found that mitochondrial functions. Therefore, the project, using the immune-microscopy, focused on its relationship between distribution of cytochrome-c-oxidase and porin protein. As a result, it assumed that immature mitochondria has many porins to transfer protein-materials from sarcroplasm through the Porins, and they made cytochromec-oxidase until it is enough, and then they decreased the porin and maintained minimum number of the porin. L05-27 Application of Antigen to Esophageal Lumen Results in Airway Inflammation in Ovalbuminsensitized Rat: S. Chen1, C. Y. Shi1, S. P. Liu1, D. Chao1 and H. T. Huang1,2; 1Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 2Department of Beauty Science, Meiho Institute of Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan Application of HCl in rat esophageal lumen lead to tracheal inflammation by activating the neural reflex pathway that causes tachykinins to release. The present study investigated if infusion of ovalbumin (OVA) into esophageal lumen of OVA-sensitized rat could evoke inflammation in rat airways. Inflammatory response peaked at 30 minutes after OVA infusion. Numerous leaky vessels were observed in various lower airway tissues. Plasma leakage gradually diminished at 3 hours after OVA. However, a second increased plasma leakage peaked at 4 hours after OVA. Bilateral vagotomy significantly reduced the magnitude of OVA-induced plasma leakage and tissue edema. It is concluded that there existed early and late phases in inflammatory response in OVA-sensitized rats receiving intra-esophageal OVA challenge and the underlying mechanism involved vagal innervation. L06-25 117 POSTER TUESDAY Classification of the Male Germ Cells during Spermatogenesis in the Giant Freshwater Prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii: Jaruwan Poljaroen, Rapeepun Vanichviriyakit, Yotsawan Tinikul, Ittipon Phoungpetchara, Wattana Weerachatyanukul and Prasert Sobhon; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Rajthevee, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand Based on ultrastructrual characteristics, the developing male germ cells are classified into 10 stages, including spermatogonia, 6 stages primary spermatocytes (leptotene, zygotene, pachytene, diplotene, diakinesis and metaphase), secondary spermatocyte, three stages of spermatids and mature sperm. The classification of spermatids into 3 stages is based on the pattern of chromatin condensation. Mature sperm exhibits everted umbrella-shaped acrosome and spike covering one side of the nucleus, and it shows completely decondensed chromatin, which occurs as the result of almost total dehistonization and lack of protamine. L06-26 6-hydroxydopamine Induced Inflammation and Triggered Secretion in Rat Prostate Gland: Wen-Hung Huang2, Shang-Pin Liu1, Wei-Ban Chang1, Jen-Tai Lin3 and Hung-Tu Huang1,4; 1Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 2Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Long Chuan Veterans Hospital, 3Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, 4Department of Beauty Science, Meiho Institute of Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan The mechanisms underlying the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced inflammatory response in the prostate gland in anaesthetized male rats of LongEvan strain were investigated. Moreover, dissecting and light microscopes and scanning electron microscope were employed to observe changes in glandular tubules of prostate. Glandular lumen was filled with secretion in 6-OHDA treatment group. Under scanning electron microscope observation, 6-OHDA triggered the release of secretory granules in prostate gland cells. It was concluded that free radical and tachykinin mechanisms were involved in 6-OHDA-induced inflammation in prostate gland. Discharge of secretion was associated with 6-OHDA-induced inflammation. L06-27 Effect of Surfactant on the Morphology of Basidiomycetes during Bioremediation of Polychlorinated Dioxins: R. Wakimot1, Y. Ezoe2, R. kondou2 and S. Chisaka1; 1JEOL DATUM LTD., 1156 Nakagami, Akishima city, Tokyo, Japan, 2 Division of Systematic Forest and Forest Products Sciences. Graduate School of Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan 118 We extracted polychlorinated-dioxins from the polluted-soil by using surfactant solution and biodegradation of the extracted compounds by white rotting basidiomycetes in the solution was attempted. The morphological changes of mycelia affected by various concentrations of the surfactant were observed by SEM and TEM. The mycelia cultured in the medium containing surfactant were likely to be squashed and damages on the mycelial surface were observed. The cell walls of the mycelia exposed to the surfactant became thinning according to the increase of the surfactant concentration. It is observed that the appearance of cytoplasmic matrix and organelles in the cell were scarcely. L06-28 Features of Hepatic Microvasculature in Thioacetamide-Induced Experimental Cirrhosis: S. Nilbu-nga1, R. Poonkhum1, S. Wattanasirichaigoon2 and W. Pradidarcheep1; 1Department of Anatomy, 2 Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand This study could demonstrate the most important changes of the microcirculation in the experimental thioacetamide-induced hepatic cirrhosis by scanning electron microscopy of corrosion casts. Once the cirrhosis had developed, the changes are 1) the whole microvascular bed appears to be composed of groups of sinusoid nodules of varying diameters, 2) the distance between the pre- and postsinusoidal vessels is shorter, 3) sinusoids in micronodules are shrunken and tortuous, 4) a perinodular vascular plexus has developed and finally, 5) newly formed shunting vessels bypassing the sinusoids are present. In spite of these changes, a viable function is still maintained. L06-29 Effects of Exogenous Spermidine on the Primary Roots of Eddo under the Aluminum Treatment: M. Kawasaki, N. Hirano, M. Taniguchi and H. Miyake; Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan Effects of exogenous spermidine, which is a common PA in higher plants, on the primary roots of eddo under the Al treatment were investigated by morphological analysis using a stereomicroscope, a fluorescent microscope and a scanning electron microscope. The results showed that exogenous application of spermidine induced reductions in the injury level in apical parts of the primary roots under Al treatment. In addition, it was suggested that Al stress and exogenous spermidine affected the formation of Casparian strips. L06-30 Protective Effect of Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Gene Transfer during Constriction-induced Peripheral Nerve Injury: Jhih-Yin Shi1, Guei-Sheung Liu2, Ming-Hong Tai2, Freeze-fracture Electron Microscopy of Tight Junction Strands Formed by Expression of Claudin-1 Mutants in the Second Extracellular Loop: T. Inai, A. Sengoku, E. Hirose and Y. Shibata; Department of Developmental Molecular Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, 812-8582 Fukuoka, Japan To investigate a role of the second extracellular loop (ECL2) of claudin-1 in formation of tight junction strands, we constructed mutated claudin-1 in the ECL2 which was tagged with a mycepitope at the COOH-terminus, ΔFYmyc and ΔLmyc. When ΔLmyc was expressed in MDCK II cells, it formed tight junction strands in lateral plasma membranes, whose intramembranous particles were associated equally in the protoplasmic (P)- and exoplasmic (E)-face. On the other hand, ΔFYmyc formed aggregated short tight junction strands in the P-face. These results suggest that the ECL2 of claudin-1 may be involved in determining structure of tight junction strands. L06-32 Study of Penetration Pathway via Skin Pore Using Magnetic Nanoparticle in Hairless Mouse Skin: Ki Ju Choi1, Sang Eun Lee2, Kwan Sik Youn3, Eun Kyung Choi4, Do Sun Lim5 and Seung Hun Lee2; 1 Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Eulji University, Seong-nam, Korea, 2Department of Dermatology, Yonsei University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, 3Department of Chemistry, Dongguk University, Seoul, Korea, 4Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Clinical Research Institute, Seoul, National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea, 5Department of Dental Hygiene, Eulji University, Seong-nam, Korea Magnetic nanoparticle has a possible composition comparatively easily and evenly to size fewer than 10nm, can attach molecules such as protein or imaging probe on the particle surface and is used by cell labeling or nanocarrier etc. In this study we investigated the magnetophoresis-induced permeation pathway in the murine skin using Fe3O4 nanoparticles as a tracer and examined with confocal microscopy and transmission electron microscopy as visualization methods. In results, tracer permeation observed in only lipid layer of SC in epidermis, and dermis observed that is permeated to subcutaneous fat layer, sebaceous glands and muscle. In interesting, permeated tracer observed definitely in sebaceous glands and subcutaneous fat cell. L06-33 The Oogenesis of Glow-light Tetra, Characidae, Teleost: D.H. Kim1,2, K.J. Lee1,3, B.S. Chang4 and Y.C. Teng1,2; 1Department of Environmental Medical Biology, 2Institute of Basic Medical Science, 3 Institute of Lifelong Health, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon 220-701, Korea, 4Department of Cosmetology, Hanseo University, Seosan, Chungnam 356-706, Korean The oogenesis of glow-light tetra was investigated by light microscope to compare with other families. A pair of ovary was located between swim bladder and intestines. The ovary was of white color and ellipsoidal shape, the major axis 11, the minor axis 4. The cytoplasm of glow-light tetra oogonia was basophilic, and many nucleoli were located at inner side of nuclear membrane. In primary oocytes, yolk vesicles were distributed in marginal area only and egg envelope was not formed on egg outside. In secondary oocyte, the egg envelope was formed and yolk vesicles were increased than that of early stage in cytoplasm. The amount of basophilic substance was decreased. In case of matured egg, thickness of egg envelope and size of egg were increased, basophilic substance was distributed in egg envelope around only. The yolk vesicles were changed to yolk mass in accordance with development. In conclusion, it is summarized that the oogenesis of glow-light tetra, Hemigrammus erythrozonus was the increase of cell size, the formation and accumulation of yolk, and decrease of basophilic intensity in cytoplasm. The oogenesis of glow-light tetra seems to be common pattern in Characidae, teleost and have a similar pattern with other teleost. L06-34 POSTER TUESDAY Hung-Tu Huang3 and David Chao1; 1Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, 2Department of Medical Research and Education, Taiwan, Veteran General Hospital, Taiwan, 3Department of Beauty Science, Meiho Institute of Technology, Taiwan The study were to evaluate the protective effect of GDNF during constriction-induced nerve injury (CCI). Within 3 days after injury, the neuropathic deficits were followed with evident change in the ultrastructure of sciatic nerve. After CCI for 3 days, recombinant adenovirus encoding GDNF was administrated via muscle route to evaluate the potential of GDNF gene delivery for amelioration of neuropathic pain. Within 14 days after gene delivery, the GDNF signaling complex level was elevated in sciatic nerve, and significantly ameliorated the neuropathy. These results suggest the therapeutic potential of GDNF gene delivery for peripheral nerve injury. L06-31 The Food Safety of Superfine-sized Saengshik in ICR Mice: D.H. Kim1,2, W.S. Kang4, Y.H. Jeong5, Y.C. Teng1,2, Y.M. Lee6, B.S. Chang7 and K.J. Lee1,3; 1 Department of Environmental Medical Biology, 2 Institute of Basic Medical Science, 3Institute of 119 POSTER TUESDAY Lifelong Health, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon, Korea, 4Department of Plant Biotechnology, School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Gangwon National University, Chunchon, Gangwon, Korea, 5Department of Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Gangwon National University, Chunchon, Gangwon, Korea, 6Biotech Research Institute, HDr Co., Ltd., Wonju, Gangwon, Korea, 7Department of Cosmetology, Hanseo University, Seosan, Chungnam, Korea This study was performed to evaluate the food safety of superfine-sized saengshik, uncooked powdered diet, produced by nanomill technology through hematological, serological and histological examination. Superfine-sized saengshik was pulverized to the size of 500 or more and the particles of 1000 or less were 77%. As the result of WBC and electrolytes examination after supply of general saengshik (S) and superfine-sized saengshik (NS) to ICR mice for 1 week, there were no significant differences compared with normal group. In the histological observation of stomach, small intestine and large intestine, S and NS group didn't show abnormal feature under the light microscope. In conclusion, our results suggest that superfine-sized saengshik particles had an effect on the metabolism of ICR mice. The food safety evaluation of superfine-sized saengshik has to be performed because the nono-processing of saengshik may change the properties of original ingredients as well as size, which may affect health. In addition, further study on the superfine-sized saengshik is required in consideration of production of nano food below 100 through the development of nanomill technology. L06-35 The Anticancer Effect of Inonotus obliquus Pilat (Chaga) Processed by Nanomill Technology in vivo: K.J. Lee1,2, W.S. Kang4, Y.H. Jeong5, H.S. Jeong6, B.S. Chang7, Y.C. Teng1,2 and D.H. Kim1,2; 1 Department of Environmental Medical Biology, 2 Institute of Basic Medical Science, 3Institute of Lifelong Health, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon, Korea, 4Department of Plant Biotechnology, School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Gangwon National University, Chunchon, Gangwon, Korea, 5Department of Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Gangwon National University, Chunchon, Gangwon, Korea, 6Leejema Chaga, 1721, LG Seocho Eclat, 1599-2, Seocho, Seoul Korea, 7 Department of Cosmetology, Hanseo University, Seosan, Chungnam, Korea This study was performed to confirm anticancer effect of superfine Chaga processed by nanomill technology on C57BL/6 mice. Chaga particles belonged in the size of 1um was about 70% after nanomill processing. As the result of subcutaneous injection of B16 melanoma cells to the mice, the 120 tumor volume and tumor weight was significantly decreased in the experimental (NCh) group as compared with control (C) group and the tumor growth inhibitory rate was 29.2%. On examination of survival rate after intraperitoneal injection of B16BL6 melanoma cells, the mean survival time per a mouse was 17.7 and 26.0 days in C and NCh group respectively. The survival rate of NCh group was 40% when that of C group was 0% at the 35th day. On the result of examination to confirm histological toxicity by Chaga superfine particles, both groups did not show any morphological and pathological changes in the small and large intestine under the light microscope. L06-36 The Liver Protective Effects of Phellinus linteus Produced by Nanomill Technology on CCl4-induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice: K.J. Lee1,3, W.S. Kang4, Y.H. Jeong5, H.S. Jeong6, B.S. Chang7, Y.C. Teng1,2 and D.H. Kim1,2; 1Department of Environmental Medical Biology, 2Institute of Basic Medical Science, 3 Institute of Lifelong Health, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon 220-701, Korea, 4Department of Plant Biotechnology, School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Gangwon National University, Chunchon, Gangwon 200-701, Korea, 5Department of Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Gangwon National University, Chunchon, Gangwon 200-701, Korea, 6Leejema Chaga, 1721, LG Seocho Eclat, 1599-2, Seocho, Seoul 137-876, Korea, 7Department of Cosmetology, Hanseo University, Seosan, Chungnam 356-706, Korea This study was performed to compare the liver protecting effect of P. linteus (L) processed by conventional mill (SCP) and nanomill (SNP) methods on the ICR mice induced hepatotoxicity by CCl4. The hematological and biochemical examination, the level of AST and ALT was lower in the SCP and SNP groups than the control (C) group. In the case of AST, SCP group and SNP group showed statistically low level compared with C group, and moreover SNP group was lower than SCP group. In the case of ALT, SCP group and SNP group was also significant low level compared with C group. As the result of histopathological observation, SCP and SNP groups showed mild reversible degeneration of hepatocytes and infiltration of inflammatory cells around the central veins, but not showed severe and wide-range necrosis of liver tissue around the central veins like C group. The pathological changes of SNP group was observed mild damage than that of SCP group. These results suggested that the oral intake of L has a liver protecting effect against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity of mice, especially the effect of nanomill processed L was higher than that of conventional mill processed L. It is supposed that nanomill processing intensifies the functionality of food-based biomaterial. L06-37 Preservation of Hair Collected from Full-Term Baby Mummy of Medieval Joseon Dynasty, Korea: B.S. Chang1, G.Y. Lee2, C.S. Uhm3, C.H. Park3, D.H. Kim4 and D.H. Shin5; 1Department of Cosmetology and 2Chemistry, Hanseo University, Seosan, Chungnam 356-706, Korea, 3Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, 4Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea, 5Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea Our previous studies on the ultramicroscopic structure of mummy hair from Joseon Dynasty (1392-1910) tombs sealed with a lime-soil mixture barrier have provided initial, basic information on their preservation status. We performed electron microscopic studies on hair taken from a full-term, intrauterine baby mummy found in Paju, Korea. The baby mummy was found within the uterus of a 16th-century mummified woman aged 20-30 years old. In scanning electron microscopic and transmission electron microscopic studies, we found that the surface of the hair of the baby mummy was coated with crystalline substances, mainly on the side facing the vaginal orifice. We also observed well-preserved cuticle, cortex and medullar layers, comLetely preserved cuticle layer scales, as well as macrofibrils and melanin granules evenly spread within cortex. L06-39 POSTER TUESDAY The Effects of Saengshik Produced by Nanomill Technology on the Hepatotoxicity Induced by Carbon Tetrachloride in vivo: Y.C. Teng1,2, D.H. Kim1,2, W.S. Kang4, Y.H. Jeong5, Y.M. Lee6, B.S. Chang7 and K.J. Lee1,3; 1Department of Environmental Medical Biology, 2Institute of Basic Medical Science, 3Institute of Lifelong Health, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon 220-701, Korea, 4Department of Plant Biotechnology, School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Gangwon National University, Chunchon, Gangwon 200-701, Korea, 5Department of Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Gangwon National University, Chunchon, Gangwon 200-701, Korea, 6Biotech Research Institute, HDr Co., Ltd., 1214-6, Heung Yang-ri, Socho-myun, Wonju, Gangwon 220-836, Korea, 7Department of Cosmetology, Hanseo University, Seosan, Chungnam, 356-706, Korea This study was performed to confirm the effects of saengshik (uncooked and powdered grains and vegitables) produced by general mill and nanomill technology on the hepatotoxicity induced by CCL04. L06-38 Ultrastructural Study on the Well Preserved Scalp from Full Term Baby Mummy of Joseon Dynasty, Korea: B.S. Chang1, G.Y. Lee2, C.S. Uhm3, C.H. Park3, D.H. Kim4, K.Y. Cho3, J.E. Na4 and H.L. Kim5; 1Department of Cosmetology and 2Chemistry, Hanseo University, Seosan, Chungnam 356-706, Korea, 3Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, 4Department of Environmental Medical Biology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea, 5 Integrative Research Support Center, College of Medicine, Catholic University, Korea In this study, we investigated on the ultrastructure of the scalp skin of full term baby mummy by using transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The baby mummy was found within the uterus of a 16th century (Joseon Dynasty) mummified woman aged 20-30 years old. In scanning electron microscopic study, we found that the outer surface of scalp skin containing of sweat gland and stratum corneum are well preserved. The skin of the scalp measured about 1mm in diameter and distinguished from epidermis and dermis. But, the shape and structure of the epithelial cells are not confirmed. L06-40 Ultrastructure of Germ Cells, Cyst Epithelial Cells and Interstitial Cells during Spermatogenesis of the Stone Flounder, Kareius bicoloratus: Y.C. Yang1,2, E.Y. Chung3 and J.C. Jun4; 1Department of Anatomy, 2Institute of Basic Medical Science, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Kangwon 220-701, Korea, 3Korea Marine Environment & Ecosystem Research Institute, Dive Korea, Bucheon 420-120, Korea, 4West Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, Incheon 400-420, Korea Ultrastructure of germ cells, cyst epithelial cells, and interstitial cells during spermatogenesis of the stone flounder were studied. Interstitial cells were observed as steroid secreting cells. The axonemal lateral fins were observed on the tail of the spermatozoon, butacrosome was not observed. The nuclei of cyst epithelial cells were observed irregular in shape after spermiation, and there were many cell debris in the cyst epithelial cell cytoplasm. Therefore, it is assumed that the cyst epithelial cells are involved in resorption of undischarged germ cells after spermiation. L06-41 Scanning Electron Microscopic Observations of the Pulmonary Microvascular Corrosion Casting in Rat: Young Ho Kim1, Sung Jin Choi2 and Kun Young Kwon3; 1Central Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Keimyung University School of Medicine, 194 Dongsan Dong, Jung-Gu, Daegu, Korea, 2 Department of Pathology, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, 194 Dongsan Dong, Jung-Gu, 121 POSTER TUESDAY Daegu, Korea, 3Department of Pathology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, 194 Dongsan Dong, Jung-Gu, Daegu, Korea The pulmonary arteries repeated branching small arteries as far as the pulmonary arterioles, and formed rich, basket-like anastomosing capillary networks in the alveolar walls. These capillary networks were collected into the tributaries of the pulmonary veins. The pulmonary arteries arranged parallely with the bronchial tree, the pulmonary veins were situated further away from the bronchial tree. The surface of the pulmonary arterial casts revealed longitudinally arranged oval imprints of the endothelial nuclei. The wall of bronchial tree revealed a capillary plexus of nutrient microvessels. The pulmonary arterial wall revealed only a single layer of the vasa vasorum, but the pulmonary vein wall revealed more complicated and well developed vasa vasorum than the pulmonary arterial side. L06-42 For individual cell identifications was created special systems - microscope-spectrometer. This system consists of microscope connected with spectrometers. It is possible to registrations specter of absorption for individual cells. Systems can be used for cytology, histology and for living cells. Microscope connected with spectrometers by means of fiber optics. Fiber optics cables are connected to the optical axis of microscope. Range of wavelength is from UV to IR (from 350nm to 1100 nm). Range of field for spectral measurements - is from 0.004 mm to 1 mm. First step for cell identifications - is educations - spectrum registrations for a priory known type of cells. It is possible for identifications one or more type of cells. Next step - cell identifications. We produced spectrum registrations for unknown cell. This spectrum is compared with spectrum of educational cells. It was used pattern recognition methods for spectrum identifications. L06-44 Acate Toxicity of Liquid Smoke on Various Organs of Rats: Gi-wook Kim1, Hyo-kwon Lee2, Ho-beom Lee2 and Won-tae Jang2; 1Department of Pathology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea, 2Department of Anatomy and Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Yeungnam University college of Medicine, Daegu, Korea This study was carried out to investigate the acute toxicity of liquid smoke obtained from oak. The male Sprague-Dawley rats were orally administered liquid smoke in various doses. The rats were observed grossly, light microscopically, and electron microscopically. In addition, serum lever of ALT and AST was estimated. The results were as follows. The rats died after ingestion of 3ml of liquid smoke within 1 hour or 3 days. The lever of AST and ALT were 191.8 U/L and 77.0U/L respectively in control group and 355.2U/L and 93.0U/L in experimental groups as ingestion of 4ml or 5mL of liquid smoke. Light microscopically, the liver showed geographic necrosis, swelling of liver cells, and widening of sinusoids after ingestion of 4mL or 5mL of liquid smoke. The lungs sporadically showed focal infiltration of neutrophils and monocytes in rats of experimental group. However, the brain, heart, and kidney were not demonstrated significant changes. Electron microscopically, the liver cells of experimental group revealed cellular swelling, mitochondrial swelling, and increase of lysosomes. According to the above results, it is concluded that acute toxicity of liquid smoke may occur in large amounts ingestion, and liquid smoke may induce hepatotoxicity rangeing from cellular swelling to necrosis. L06-43 Characterization of in vitro Expanded Musclederived Stem Cells: L. Danisovic1, I. Varga2, S. Polak2, M. Palkovic3, M. Kopani3, D. Bohmer1 and J. Vojtassa1; 1Institute of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovak Republic, 2Institute of Embryology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovak Republic, 3 Institute of Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovak Republic Adult stem cells have been derived from various types of tissues including bone marrow, umbilical cord blood, adipose tissue, skin, periosteum, dental pulp, etc. Skeletal muscle contains population of myogenic cells (satellite cells) and a population of multipotent adult stem cells also referred as muscle–derived stem cells. The aim of this study was to isolate and culture in vitro human adult stem cells from skeletal muscle, and perform their biological characterization by using techniques of transmission electron microscopy, histochemistry and flow cytometry. L06-45 Spectral Methods for Stem Cells Identifications: N. Koltovoy; Labmetod, 121359, Russia, Moscow, Marchal Timoshenko Str. 19a 122 Effects of BCG on the DNA Synthesis and Ultrastructure of Mouse Gastric Mucosal EpithelialCells Inoculated with Ehrlich Carcinoma Cells: Jeong-Sik Ko, In-Sang Ryoo, Kyung-Ho Park and Dae-Kyoon Park; Department of Anatomy, Soonchunhyang University, Korea This experiment was performed to evaluate the morphological responses of the gastric epithelial cells of the mouse, inoculated with Ehrlich carcinoma cells in the inguinal area, following administration of BCG. Our results suggest BCG may suppress the DNA synthesis of the gastric epithelial cells, but does not results severe fine structural defect on the gastric epithelial cells. These results suggest that BCG is expected as one of the effective supLemental anticancer drugs. L06-46 L-08) Synapses and Synaptic Plasticity Organized by Ryuichi Shigemoto, Yong Chul Bae and Im Joo Rhyu L-09) Applications of Stereology in Life Science Organized by Won Taek Lee Changes in the Histomorphometry of Cornu Ammonis Neurons of Hippocampus Following Repeated Stress in Mice: Mitra NK1, How Hee Siong2 and Nadarajah VD1; 1Human Biology Department, International Medical University, No. 126 Jalan 19/155B, Bukit Jalil 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 2Postgraduate & Research, International Medical University, No.126 Jalan 19/155B, Bukit Jalil 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Hippocampal neurons because of higher concentration of corticosteroid receptors are receptors are vulnerable to stress1. The objectives of this study was to investigate the changes in the morphometry of the hippocampal cornu ammonis neurons and biochemical parameters in the blood following repeated swim stress for 21 days. Hippocampal neuronal damage along with suppression of AChE L-10) Advanced Techniques in Biological Sample Preparation and Observation Organized by Yung-Chien Teng and Shin-ichi Izumi Microtomography of 2-cell Mouse Embryo with Laser Scanning Microscopy: M. A. Pogorelova1,2, V. A. Golichenkov1 and V.N. Pogorelova2; 1Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, Moscow, 117234, Russia, 2Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, RAS, Pushchino, Moscow province, 142290, Russia The cell volume alteration Lays an important role in regulation of key cellular funcions. The most adequate approach to estimate changes induced by osmotic shock is direct measurements of volumetric parameters of embryos.In the given research, the volume of embryonic compartments are determined for isotonic and anisotonic conditions using three-dimensional reconstruction (3-DR) of Z-stack of optical slices obtained in the mode of laser scanning microscope (LSM). The keeping of the intact volume (shape) of the embryo was based on freeze-drying technique. The obtained quantitative data correspond to the qualitative effects observed in experiments in vitro. L10-12 POSTER TUESDAY Effects of Cnidlum Offcinale Makino on Aging of Neuronal Cell Induced by D-galactosel: Jin Xiang-zi and Jin Qing-song; Department of Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji City, Jilin Province, China, 133000 In this study, using in vitro model of rat cerebral neurons, to observe the changes of aging of neuronal cells and to explore the possible mechanism of Cnidlum Offcinale Makino on anti-aging of neuronal cells induced by D-galactosel. In order to the research of anti-aging, the research of the medical valuation of Cnidlum Offcinale Makino, the further national development of the nation, it also provides the necessary experimental and theoretical basis. Our results showed that D-gal promote aging for rat cerebral neurons in vitro. Cnidlum Offcinale Makino has a good anti-free radical and protection. Cnidlum Offcinale Makin can be an antagonistic D-gal on cultured rat cerebral cells, and may be delayed aging of cultured rat cerebral cells. L08-04 activity following repeated swim stress suggests involvement of cholinergic neurotransmitter system may be initial CNS events3 after exposure to stress and contributes to cognitive impairment. L09-05 Synchrontron X-ray Microscopic Observation of the Brain Sand of Human Pineal Gland: HW Kim1, JW Kim1, SJ Lee1, JK Kim2, JH Je3 and IJ Rhyu1; 1 Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, 126-1 Anam-dong 5-ka, Seoungbuk-ku, Seoul, South Korea, 2X-ray Imaging Center, School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 790-784, South Korea, 3X-ray Imaging Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 790-784, South Korea Brain sand has been investigated with various Aimaging system such as light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, simLe X-ray, computed tomography and Magnetic Resonance imaging system. Here, we report first observation of human brain sand with synchrotron X-ray microscopic system. We could investigate the internal cytoarchitecture of the two types of brain sand without sectioning thanks to strong penetration 123 power and wide working distance. This unique imaging system could be used for detailed analysis of brain sand in large scale in further research. L10-13 POSTER TUESDAY 3-Dimensional Reconstruction of Virus Particles Using Electron Tomography: Eun Kyung Choi1,3, Man Gil Yang2, Dong Joo Chung2, Soo Hee Cho2 and Nam Hyun Jung3; 1Laboratory of Electron microscopy, Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Korea, 2Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Korea, 3College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Korea The application of 3-dimensional reconstruction method has been increased tremendously in recent years due to a natural outgrowth of the desire to resolve problems related to the interpretation of 2-dimensional electron microscopy [1]. Electron tomography is a valuable electron microscopic technique for obtaining 3-D images [2]. With the recent development of automated data-acquisition system, electron tomography became an easily accessible tool for reconstructing 3-dimensional structures. We have used electron tomography to reconstruct the three-dimensional structure of various viruses including adenovirus and norovirus. In this paper, we will present our experience in 3-D reconstruction of viral particles using electron tomography. Our data will help us to understand the structural information of viruses and to apLy for drug development in a new dimension. L10-14 Detection of Penaeus monodon and Penaeus vannamei Infected with Infectious Hypodermal and Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus (IHHNV) by in situ Hybridization at the Electron Microscope Level: K. Chayaburakul1,2, D.V. Lightner3, C.R. Pantoja3, Wisuit Pradid Archeep4 and B. Withyachumnarnkul2; 1 Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Rangsit University, Muang-Ake, Lukhok, Rangsit, Pratuntani, 12000 Thailand, 2Centex Shrimp2, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama 6 Rd., Bangkok 10400, 3Department of Veterinary Science and Microbiology4, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, 4Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Sukhumvit 23 Rd, Sukhumvit, Bangkok 10110 Thailand. An in situ hybridization (ISH) procedure was developed to detect of infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV) of penaeid shrimp at ultra level. The procedure was using sections of resin-embedded from IHHNV-infected juvenile Penaeus monodon tissue. A 692 bp IHHNV-specific DNA probe, labeled with DIG-11-dUTP, was detected by means of an anti-DIG antibody conjugated to 10 nm gold particles and subsequence silver enhancement. This technique will develop to detect follow the development of IHHNV from 124 absorption, transport and location of IHHNV within the host cell. The result showed positive ISH in nucleolus and cytoLasm of IHHNV-infected tissue at TEM level. Positive ISHin nucleolus may interpret that IHHNV which is DNA virus integrated into the shrimp DNA. L10-15 Structural and Functional Alteration of Human Epidermal Keratinocytes Lacking Tight JunctionRelated Protein, Claudin-1 or Occludin: Masumi Kurasawa1, Shohei Kuroda1, Takuya Yamamoto1 and Hiroyuki Sasaki2; 1POLA CHEMICAL, INC., 560 Kashio-cho, Tostuka-ku, Yokohama, 244-0812 Japan, 2 Institute of DNA Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishishinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461 Japan Tight junction (TJ) is the most apical component of the junctional comLex in epithelia and creates a primary paracellular barrier which regulates movement of water and solutes. In the skin, the evidences are being accumulated that the epidermal barrier is consisted of not only the stratum corneum but also TJs in the granular layer. Using an RNA interference technique, we are reporting that the importance of two major TJ-related membrane proteins, claudin-1 and occludin on the epidermal barrier in differentiated human epidermal keratinocytes (HEKs). In this study, structural and functional characterization of claudin-1 or occludin deficient HEKs was further investigated. L10-16 Actin Dynamics in Papilla Cells of Brassica rapa during Self- and Cross-pollination: M. Iwano1, H. Shiba1, K. Matoba2, A. Takaoka2, A. Isogai1 and S. Takayama1; 1Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0101, Japan, 2Research Center for Ultra-High Voltage Electron Microscopy, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0781, Japan The self-incompatibility (SI) system of the Lant species Brassica is controlled by the S-locus, which contains SRK (S-receptor kinase) and SP11 (S-locus protein 11). SP11 binding to SRK induces SRK autophosphorylation and initiates a signaling cascade leading to the rejection of self-pollen. However, the mechanism controlling hydration and germination arrest during self-pollination is unclear. In this study, we examined the role of actin, a key cytoskeletal component regulating the transport system for hydration and germination, in the papilla cell during pollination. L10-17 Structure of the Blood Vessels in the Human Umbilical Cord: Hiromi Kai1, Hisashi Narahara2, Tetsuo Morita3 and Tatsuo Shimada1; 1Department of Hearth Sciences, 2Department of Obstetics and Study on the Change of Fine Structure by Time When Fixating Muscle Tissue: Dong yong Chung and Eun jin Kim; Laboratory of Morphology, Medical Research Center, Yonsei University college of medicine Fixation is a very important step in preparing samples for electron microscopy. Fixation protects the autolysis of tissues and cells, and coagulates and hardens them to prevent the deformation during the section preparation. It is associated with the staining characteristic and enables the section to resist the exposure to electronic beam. Significantly increased number of samples from muscle disease patients in our hospital has leaded us to study the fixation of the biopsied muscles focused on the mitochondria. As the result of the experiment, the increase of mitochondria size and numbers by time was observed if rapid fixation was not achieved after biopsy. L10-19 Developmental Morphology of the Intercalated Disk in the Monkey Myocardium: H. Kawazato1, A. Yasuda1, L. Zhang2 and T. Shimada3; 1Institute of Scientific Research, Oita University, Japan, 2Heibei Medical University,China, 3Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Japan Working cardiac myocytes in the mammalian myocardium were quasicylindrical in shape, bifurcated and connected end-to-end with adjacent myocytos. In this study, developmental morphology of the intercalated disk in the monkey heart is examined by TEM and SEM. They showed a stairlikely profile, and consisted of steps (plicate segments) and risers (interplicate segments). The steps were filled with numerous finger-like microprojections, including desmosomes. The risers included large gap junctions. With gradual development, the intercalated disks became bigger and showed a complicated profile. L10-20 Electron Microscope Studies on the ExcitationContraction Coupling in Scorpionfish Swimbladder Muscle: Risa Hatakeyama1, Yoshioki Shimizu1, Minori Tuji3, Juri Tanaka2, Shu Iguchi2, Kouhei Kuroda2, Takashi Murayama3 and Suechika Suzuki1,2,4; 1Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Sceince, 2Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1293, Japan, 3 Depatment of Pharmacology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan, 4Research Institute for Integrated Science, Kanagawa University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 2591293, Japan To give further information on the fine structures concerning the excitation-contraction coupling in the scorpionfish swimbladder muscle (SBM), conventional and immuno-electron microscope studies on the distribution of various transverse tubule-sarcoplasmic reticulum (T-SR) complexes, on the localization of ryanodine receptor (RyR) isoforms, and on the identification of Ca-binding protein were carried out. Results revealed that the Z-type triad is exclusively found in the anterior SBM fibers in contrast with the posterior SBM fibers, that both aRyR and bRyR isoforms are located in the junctional membrane of SR, and that Ca-binding protein in the terminal cisternae of SR is calsequestrin. L10-21 POSTER TUESDAY Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan, 3Okawa Women Hospital, Oita, Japan The umbilical cord, which connected between the fetus and the placenta, consisted of blood vessels and gelatinous tissue, Warton’s jelley. There were two umbilical arteries and an umbilical vein in the umbilical cord. Although both blood vessels considerably differed in structure from adult ones, their detailed structure is remained to be unclear. In this study, the fetal, placental and middle regions in the umbilical cord were taken at postpartum period and examined by histochemistry, TEM and SEM. For SEM, connective tissue elements were digested by the NaOH maceration method. Immediately after birth, the umbilical arteries showed thickening of the intima. The umbilical vein had the thick media consisting of smooth muscle cell similar to the artery.. In addition, not only the developmental morphology but also are regional differences in structure are demonstrated. L10-18 The Structural Organization of the Lamina Muscularis Mucosae and Lymphatic Vessels in the Human Stomach: Yuichi Akashi1, Tsuyoshi Noguchi2, Eiichi Tanaka1, Kaoruko Nagai1, Katsunobu Kawahara1 and Tatsuo Shimada3; 1Department of Oncological Science (Surgery II), 2 Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, 3Department of Health Science Faculty of Medicine, Oita University 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu-city, Oita 879-5593, Japan The human stomach has been studied by light and scanning electron microscopy. The organization of the lamina muscularis mucosae varied considerably from part to part. In the cardia, the running of the smooth muscle cells of the lamina muscularis mucosae are reticular and complicated. In other part, the running of those are parallel and closely each other. And we found large lymphatic vessels in the submucosa at the any part of stomach. Especially in the cardia, there also are lymphatic vessels right over the lamina muscularis mucosae. Cancers advancing 125 over the lamina muscularis mucosae get easily into the large lymphatic vessels in the submucosa. That’s why the metastasis is likely to take place all the more, especially in the cardia. L10-22 POSTER TUESDAY Communication Routes between the Epithelium and the Lamina Propria Mucosae in the Human Colon: Kaoruko Nagai1, Tsuyoshi Noguchi2, Yuuichi Akashi1, Eiichi Tanaka1, Hirokazu Kawazato4, Katsunobu Kawahara1 and Tatsuo Shimada3; 1Department of Oncological Science(Surgery II), 2 Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, 3Department of Fundamental Nursing, 4Laboratory Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu-city, Oita 879-5593, Japan The human colon has been studied by light and electron microscopy. The reticular fiber sheet was situated just beneath the colon epithelium. The reticular fiber sheet consisted of typeIII collagen had numerous foramina with diameters of 3-4 µm, and had more numerous and lager foramina (5-8 µm) on the isolated lymphoid nodules in the ascending colon than other parts. We guessed that the foramina acted as the pathway for the communication routes between the epithelium and lamina propria mucosae in the human colon. L10-23 The Organization of the Lamina Propria Mucosae in the Human Rectum and the Anal Canal: Eiichi Tanaka1, Tsuyoshi Noguchi2, Yuichi Akashi1, Aiko Yasuda4, Kaoruko Nagai1, Katsunobu Kawahara1 and Tatsuo Shimada3; 1Department of Oncological Science (Surgery II), 2Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, 3Department of Fundamental Nursing, 4 Laboratory Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu-city, Oita 879-5593, Japan The human rectum and the anal canal have been studied by light and electron microscopy. The human rectum epithelium is single cylindric. The reticular fiber sheet had foramina (3-5μm in diameter) beneath the epithelium. The area without crypt of the lower rectum possessed more foramina. In the anal canal, the reticular fiber sheet beneath the stratified squamous epithelium has less foramina. L10-24 Ultrastructure of the Mammary Gland in Human Milks: A. Yasuda1, H. Kawazato1, K. Abe2, H. Narahara3 and T. Shimada4; 1Institute of Scientific Research, Oita University, Japan, 2Department of Nursing Assessment, Oita University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Japan, 3Department of Phamacology and therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Japan, 4Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Japan 126 It has been generally accepted that the secretory epithelial cells of the lactating mammary gland in mammals contain two secretory substances, large lipid droplets and small protein granules. However, there were few reports on ultrastructure of the human mammary gland. We succeeded to examine of ultrastructure of secretory epithelial cells contained in human milks by utilizing ultra-centrifugation techniques. The precipitate layer in the centrifugation tube contained isolated and clusterd secretory epithelial cells. The secretory cells in the human milks had larger secretory granules, probable glycoconjugates, in addition to lipid droplets and protein granules. L10-25 Clotting Enzyme Products in Limulus Amebocyte Lysate Reagent by Endotoxin: T. Obata, M. Nomura, H. Saito and H. Sasaki; Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of DNA Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato, 105-8461 Tokyo, Japan The appearance of these small particles means that the influence of endotoxins has stimulated activation of the clotting enzyme across the LAL cascade, and the timing of their appearance is related to endotoxin concentration. This new method (ESP method) can be use for quick and sensitive endotoxin assay. These small particles of clotting enzyme produced are looked like limited size by the intensity of ESP method. We have observed the generation of these products by scanning microscopy during genaration. L10-26 Iron Particles in the Human Spleen: M. Kopani1, M. Weis2, J. Dekan3, T. Malek1, J. Jakubovsky1 M. Miglierini3, J. Mistinova4 and S. Polak5; 1Comenius University, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of pathology, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia, 2 Department of Physics, Slovak University of Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Ilkovicova 3, 812 19 Bratislava, Slovakia, 3Department of Nuclear Physics, Slovak University of Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Ilkovicova 3, 812 19 Bratislava, Slovakia, 4Comenius University, Faculty of Medicine, I. Radiology Clinic, Antolska 11, 851 07 Bratislava, Slovakia, 5Comenius University, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Histology and Embryology, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia Iron is an essential element for fundamental cell functions, catalyst for chemical reaction, used in nuclear magnetic resonance. Iron can be found in human body mainly in the form of ferritin. This primary, iron storage protein is present in the cytoplasm of the cells, and in small amounts in the circulation. Ferritin creates spherical formation with the size of 12 nm. The core of ferritin is 8 nm big and consists of ferrihydrite. The investigation of Perls’ Prussian Blue stained slides by light microscope shows iron depositions in samples with diagnosis of hemochromatosis and hereditary spherocytosis. EDX and XRF analysis reveals multielemental composition. Metal ions play important role in transformation of biogene iron present in organism to abiogene forms, which are toxic for the organism. Mössbauer spectroscopy of studied tissues revealed different phase of iron oxide in the human spleen. Multielemental composition of iron particles was found by EDX and XRF analysis. We suppose that pH and chemical elements are significant factors influence biomineralization of iron in the human spleen. L10-27 L-11) New Phase Contrast Methods for TEM and Their Applications Organized by Kuniaki Nagayama and Youn-Joong Kim Progress on Implementation of a Drift-tube Design for an Electrostatic Phase-contrast Aperture: R. Glaeser; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, USA Proof-of-concept experiments have previously shown that a “drift tube” type of microfabricated electrode can be used as an electrostatic phase plate for transmission electron microscopy. Further development of this concept requires (1) that the scale of microfabricated features be reduced to 500 nm or less and (2) that technology be established that prevents unwanted charging of the device during use. We report that deep UV photolithography can be used for microfabrication of devices with the desired feature size, and experiments are currently under way Zernike Phase Contrast Electron Microscopy of IceEmbedded Influenza A Virus: M. Yamaguchi; Chiba University, Japan The ultrastructure of the frozen-hydrated influenza A virus was examined by Zernike phase contrast electron microscopy. Using this new microscopy, not only lipid bilayers but also individual glycoprotein spikes on viral envelopes were clearly resolved with high contrast in micrographs taken in focus. In addition to spherical and elongated virions, three other classes of virions were distinguished on the basis of the features of their viral envelope: virions with a complete matrix layer, which were the most predominant, virions with a partial matrix layer, and virions with no matrix layer under the lipid bilayer. About 450 glycoprotein spikes were present in an average-sized spherical virion. Eight ribonucleoprotein complexes were distinguished in one viral particle. Thus, Zernike phase contrast electron microscopy is a powerful tool for resolving the ultrastructure of viruses, because it enables high-contrast images of ice-embedded particles. L11-11 POSTER TUESDAY Preparation of a High Quality Cross Section of a Bone Tissue for SEM-Application of the Crosssection Polisher to a Biological Specimen-: H. Matsushima1, K. Nakajima1 and C. Nakayama2; 1 JEOL Ltd., 3-1-2 Musashino, Akishima, Tokyo, 196-8558 Japan, 2JEOL DATUM Ltd., 1156 Nakagami, Akishima, Tokyo, 196-0022 Japan A bone tissue was polished with Cross-section Polisher (CP) that uses a broad ion beam. A wide and flat cross section was obtained very easily though the specimen was composed of hard and soft materials. CP is shown to be a very useful and time-saving instrument for preparing high quality cross sections of biological samples composed of hard and soft parts for SEM. L10-28 to determine the effectiveness of heating such apertures during use. L11-10 Observation of Polyphosphate Bodies and Newly Synthesized DNA in Cyanobacteria by HDC-TEM: Y. Kaneko; Saitama University, Japan The ultrastructure of ice embedded whole cyanobacterial cells was observed with a Hilbert differential contrast transmission electron microscope. We attempted to identify in vivo DNA by incorporation of BrdU, which conferred electron density to newly synthesized DNA in cyanobacterial cells. Localization of BrdU was confirmed by fluorescently labeled anti-BrdU antibodies and EDX analysis of ultrathin sections. BrdU incorporation was most conspicuous at cellular poles and co-localization of Br and P was detected at polyphosphate bodies and DNA structures. Various electron dense fibril structures could be recognized by HDC-TEM in those areas that were electron dense due to BrdU incorporation. L11-12 Direct Observation of Ice-embedded Cyanobacteria by Using High Voltage Electron Microscope Equipped with Zernike Phase Plate: H. Shigematsu; Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscinece, Japan A method to investigate ultrastructures of cellular organisms, especially for membrane systems has been developed in combination of transmission electron microscope (TEM) and cryo-fixation techniques. A cryo-TEM equipped with phase plate made of thin carbon film had been applied for direct 127 observation of ice-embedded cyanobacteria, Synechococcus sp. PCC7942 cell. But still we have difficulties for thicker part in the cell. Here, we developed the phase plate for HVEM at KBSI and evaluated its applicability to ice-embedded cyanobacteria. L11-13 TEM Techniques for Quantitative Size Measurements of Rosette Nanotubes: M. Malac; National Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Alberta, Canada Electron energy loss spectroscopy, electron holography and transport of intensity approaches were optimized and compared for low dose quantitative characterization of rosette nanotubes with about 4 nm diameter. L11-14 astrocytes expressing GFAP, vimentin and nestin appeared for the first time at 6 hours after cryoinjury. Proliferation of GFAP and nestin positive cells started at 1 day after cryoinjury, reached its maximum on day 4, and returned to normal level after the 7th post-injured day. Proliferation of vimentin positive cells started at 1 day after cryoinjury, reached its maximum on day 4, and returned to normal level after the 14th post-injured day. Characteristic morphological chan- ges in reactive astrocytes were seen at 4 days after cryoinjury. In conclusion, the above results suggest that GFAP, vimentin and nestin positive cells attend in the formation of gliotic scars. L12-06 POSTER PRESENTATION L-12) Confocal Microscopy in Neurobiology Organized by Su-Ja Oh, Se Jin Hwang and Stephen C. Massey November 06, 2008 THURSDAY 1st Floor 13:00 ~ 14:00 POSTER THURSDAY 128 Expression Pattern of Intermediate Filament Proteins in Rat Cerebral Cortex after Cryoinjury: Ki-Soo Yoo; Department of Anatomy, Dong-A University Medical School, 3-1, Dongdaeshin-Dong, Seo-Gu, Busan, Korea Traumatic brain injury is a multifaceted injury that involves direct mechanical damage, intraparenchymal and subarachnoid hemorrhage, breakdown of the blood-brain barrier, excitotoxicity, and ischemia. Even though much investigations were performed, acceptable mechanical informations were rare. The aim of this study was to reveal the expression pattern of intermediate filament proteins associated with gliotic scars in cerebral cortex of rats after cryoinjury. A total of 18 male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 300 g, 2 months old, were used throu- ghout the experiments. To injure the brain, rats were anesthetized for surgery with 3.5% chloral hydrate (1/100g, intraperitoneally); the frontal bones were exposed by elevating the skin; and craniectomies were performed adjacent to the central suture, midway between lambda and bregma. A cryoinjury was then created by applying a cold probe (3-mm-diameter steel rod chilled in liquid nitrogen) to the left frontal cortex (ipsilateral cortex) for 1 min. Rats were sacrificed at 1, 4, 7 and 14 days postsurgery (n=3, per time point), and three rats were sacrificed as normal controls. Serial brain cryosectionswere made by cryostat. For immune- histochemistry, brain tissue sections were allowed to react with mouse anti-rat GFAP antibody (1:200), mouse anti-rat vimentin antibody (1:200), and mouse anti-rat nestin antibody (1:200). The results were as follows. Reactive I-04) Electron Crystallography and Image/Spectrum Processing Organized by Ji-Jung Kai, Xiu-Liang Ma and Se Ahn Song An Optical Device for Image and Diffraction Phenomena: Jin-Gyu Kim, Jong-Man Jeong, Mun-Chang Kim and Youn-Joong Kim; Division of Electron Microscopic Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, 113 Gwahangno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-333, Korea We have made an optical device which can study the wave optics, such as, image and diffraction pattern, by direct operation of laser beam and optical lenses. It consists of laser beam, goniometer, objective lens, intermediate lens, projection lens, CCD system and computing analysis system. As a result of the performance test, it is able to magnify samples 44 times and has resolution of about 5 um. It is expected to help user to understand more easily for the principle of TEM. I04-08 PPA: Peak Pairs Analysis for Strain Mapping - A New DM Plug-in: K. Ishizuka1, P. Galindo2, J. Pizarro2 and S. I. Molina3; 1HREM Research Inc. 14-48 Matsukazedai, Higashimastuyama, 355-0055 Japan; 2Departamento de Lenguajes y Sistemas Informáticos, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Río San Pedro, s/n, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain 3Departamento de Ciencia de los Materiales e I.M. y Q.I., Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Río San Pedro, s/n, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain Peak Pairs is a recently introduced real space algorithm for strain mapping. It works on a filtered image, locating pairs of peaks along a predefined direction and calculating the local discrete displacement field at each pair. Subsequently, using peak pair information displacement fields along two basis vectors are evaluated, from which the strain field is obtained. PPA is a plug-in for Digital Micrograph (Gatan, Inc.) for performing Peak Pairs. PPA offers some improvements with respect to older implementations of Peak Pairs. Using PPA we can evaluate peak intensities at specified atomic column positions. I04-09 I-06) In-situ Dynamics in TEM and SEM Organized by Yoshizo Takai, Dae-Hong Ko and Ze Zhang In-situ TEM Study of the Alloying Process of the Au/Ni/AuGe Ohmic Contact to n-type GaAs: Sung-Dae Kim1, Dong-Su Ko1, Tae-Young Ahn1, Jung-Hun Oh2, Sam-Dong Kim2 and Young-Woon Kim1; 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, San 56-1 Sillim 9-dong Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-744, Korea, 2 Millimeter-wave Innovation Technology Research Center, Dongguk University, 3-26 Pil-dong Jung-gu, Seoul 100-715, Korea In this research, we developed an In-situ hot stage TEM holder which was specially designed to be fitted in the narrow gap of objective pole pieces of JEOL 2010F. Using the home-made in-situ hot stage TEM holder, we observed the microstructure change and the chemical trace of metallization element of the interlayer metal Ohmic contact to n-type GaAs I-07) Electron Tomography Organized by Kenji Kaneko and Se Ahn Song Automatic Alignment of Electron Tomography Images Using Fiducial Markers: M Cao1,2, A Takaoka2 and R Nishi2; 1Department of Electron Science & Techonology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xianning west road No. 28, Xi'an, (710049) China, 2 Research Center for Ultra-High Voltage Electron Microscopy, Osaka University, 7-1, Nihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan We present an alignment method for electron tomography images by automatically detect and track the corresponding fiducial markers from the series. Gold particles are used as the fiducial markers and a novel method is developed to detect the markers accurately. Fiducial markers are tracked by taking the relationship of positions on tilt series into account. 3D positions of the fiducial points are calculated based on the tracking result. Projection of fiducial points and the tracking results are compared to evaluate the accuracy and find out the outliners. I07-24 Multi Directional High Resolution TEM Study on Pt Nanocatalysts: T. Sato1, M. Konno1, T. Kamino1, Y. Nagakubo2, A. Watabe2 and M. Ogasawara2; 1 Hitachi High-Technologies Corp., 11-1 Ishikawacho, Hitachinaka, Ibaraki, 312-0057, Japan, 2Hitachi High-Technologies Corp., 882 Ichige, Hitachinaka, Ibaraki, 312-8504, Japan Technology for multi directional TEM observation at an atomic resolution has been developed including a high resolution level TEM and a Focused Ion Beam (FIB)-TEM compatible specimen rotation holder. In this paper, results of using this technology on platinum particles supported graphite catalyst are reported. In summary, the position of Pt catalysts in three-dimensional space at an atomic resolution level using a specially designed rotation holder is shown. This technology provides effective capability to study the fine structures of nanomaterials and their three-dimensional positions at an atomic resolution level. I07-25 POSTER THURSDAY In-situ TEM Observation of Graphite Formation Using Cobalt Oxide Nanocrystals: T. Yahiro and Y. Takai; Department of Material and Life Science, Division of Advanced Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering; Osaka University; 2-1 Yamada-oka Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan We confirmed that Co3O4 nanocrystals changed to CoO nanocrystals below 600℃ and catalytic particles in a liquid-like state start moving around on the film and leave graphite behind at 600~800℃. In addition, we were able to confirm that the particles moved while changing their crystal lattice constants and synthesizing graphite. I06-12 system. We will present the alloying process of the Au/Ni/AuGe Ohmic contact to n-type GaAs with a home-made in-situ hot-stage TEM holder, combined with chemical analysis using the X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). I06-13 Development of Automatic System on Electron 129 Microscopic Tomography for 3D Medical Examination: Akio Takaoka1, Meng Cao1, Yoshihiro Midoh1, Tomoki Nishida1, Toshiaki Hasegawa1, Ryuji Nishi1, Yuuki Inoue2 and Mitsuo Ogasawara3; 1 Research Center for ultra-HVEM, Osaka University, Mihogaoka 7-1, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan, 2 Faculty of Information science and technology, Osaka Institute of Technology, 3Semiconductor Equipment Business Grope, Hitachi High-Technologies Automatic system on electron tomography and its application for 3D medical examination are described. A bottleneck of automatic reconstruction is the alignment of tilt series. We developed three software according to the projection images. For images for thin biological stained sample, the feature points are detected with Harris corner detector and tracked with KLT tracker. For images with gold particles, the gold particles are detected with the matrix of second order derivative after Gaussian filtering. For the other images, the feature points are defined with the method ”SIFT”. These software and ultra-HVEM tomography were applied to examine the deformation of nuclei in human polyp. It was measured that the ratios of surface and volume between the normal and deformed nuclei.to evaluate the accuracy and find out the outliners. I07-26 POSTER THURSDAY Tomographic Dark-Field TEM Analysis of Ordered Variant Morphology in Ni4Mo Alloy: K. Kimura1, K. Matsuyama1, S. Hata2 and S. Matsumura1; 1 Department of Applied Quantum Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan, 2Department of Applied Science for Electronics and Materials, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan Various TEM imaging modes, such as BF imaging, STEM and energy-filtered imaging and so on, have been being utilized in electron tomography. DF TEM imaging is useful for observing crystalline microstructures such as lattice defects, grain boundaries, ordered domain structures. We have made a trial to apply DF TEM imaging to electron tomography and have shown its applicability to display 3D nano-scale morphology of crystalline domain structures. In this paper, we discuss our latest results of the tomographic DF TEM observation of variant structures in a Ni4Mo ordering alloy from the view point of 3D morphology of different variants. I07-27 Three-Dimensional Characterization of Pt Particles Supported on Carbon by TEMT: T. Ito1, U. Matsuwaki1, Y. Otsuka1, K. Matsubara2 and H. Jinnai2; 1Toray Research Center Inc., 3-3-7 Sonoyama, Otsu, Shiga 520-8567, Japan, 2Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kyoto Institute 130 of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan The Pt particles as the catalysts supported on carbon particles was examined by Transmission Electron Microtomography (TEMT) in order to obtain first 3D structure of the FCE and to evaluate later the significant parameters should be expected to reveal the characterization of the electrode. I07-28 Objective Lens with Long Focal Depth for Thick Sample of Soft Materials: S. Motoki1, Y. Aoyama1, C. Hamamoto1, H. Nishioka1, Y. Okura1, Y. Kondo1 and H. Jinnai2; 1JEOL Ltd. 1-2 Musashino, 3-chome Akishima Tokyo 196-8558, Japan, 2Kyoto Institute of Technology Matsugasaki, Sankyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan In the observation of the thick samples with TEM, results of 3D reconstruction depend on the electron optical conditions, such as focal depth. In this paper, we compared long focal length optical system (fo = 52 mm/effective focal depth=1400 nm) with conventional one (fo=2.3 mm/effective focal depth =300 nm) in order to clarify the influence of focal depth in topographic reconstruction. The results of the TEM images of ABS resin/OsO4 sample with the thickness of 300 nm demonstrate that the long focal length optical condition is of great advantage for tomography. I07-29 Three-Dimensional Structure of Helical and Zigzagged Nanowires Using Electron Tomography: Han Sung Kim1, Seon Oh Hwang1, Yoon Myung1, Jeunghee Park1 and Jae-Pyoung Ahn2; 1 Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Jochiwon 339-700, Korea, 2Advanced Analysis Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 136-791, Korea Electron tomography and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize the unique three-dimensional structures of helical or zigzagged GaN, ZnGa2O4, and Zn2SnO4 nanowires. The GaN nanowires adopt a helical structure that consists of six equivalent <0-111> growth directions with the axial [0001] direction. We also confirmed that the ZnGa2O4 nanosprings have four equivalent <011> growth directions with the [001] axial direction. The zigzagged Zn2SnO4 nanowires consisted of linked rhombohedrons having the side edges matched to the <110> direction and the [111] axial direction. I07-30 A Sample Holder Developed for 3-D Observation Using a High-voltage Transmission Electron Microscope: M. Song1, H. Matsumoto2, M. Shimojo1,3, K. Furuya1 and H. Sano2; 1National Institute for Materials Science, Sakura 3-13, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 3050003, Japan, 2Yokohama Lab., Mitsubishi chemical group science and research center, INC, 1000 Kamoshida-cho, Aoba-ku, Yokohama, 2278502, Japan, 3Saitama Institute of Technology, Fusaiji 1690, Fukaya, Saitama, 3690293, Japan The 3-dimentional (3-D) TEM observations are carried out, in most cases, using conventional TEMs with acceleration voltages up to 200 kV. The rotation angle of the sample is limited by the rotation system of the goniometer of the TEM, which are usually equal to or less than about 60 degrees, therefore, a missing wedge of 3-D information of the sample takes place. We developed a sample holder for 3-D observation using a 1000 kV HVTEM, JEMARM1000, with which the sample can be rotated to about +/-360 degrees. The features, operation and some application examples are presented. I07-31 TEM Tomography Observation of 3D Structure in Nano-composites: Shen-Chuan Lo1,2, Satoshi Akasaka3,Shi-ri Lee1, Chyi-Ming Leu1, Li-Jiaun Lin1 and Hirokazu Hasegawa3; 1Material and Chemical Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, HsinChu, Taiwan, 2Nanotechnology Research Center, Industrial Technology Research Institute, HsinChu, Taiwan, 3Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan Polymers/inorganic-filled (PIF) nano-composites have been interesting commercial materials, since they display rich improved properties in composition, microstructure, mechanical strength, heat resistance and gas permeability. In this study, we employed TEM tomography to observe the 3-dimonsional An Extended Nyquist Criterion on the Minimum Projection Number due to Specimen Structures for High Quality Reconstruction: Meng Cao, Hai-Bo Zhang, Yong Lu and Chao Li; Department of Electronic Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China We propose an extended Nyquist criterion on the minimum projection number for high quality reconstruction by considering specimen structures. The Fourier series and its coefficient distribution are used to derive this criterion. Perfect reconstruction is achievable for an image expressed by the finite Fourier series, if the projection number is greater than the highest order of the series. For the image with the infinite Fourier series, high quality reconstruction can be obtained if all terms higher than the projection number are small enough to ignore. The criterion should be considered for further applications of electron tomography in complex specimens. I07-34 I-07) Electron Holography Organized by Jun-Mo Yang and Tsukasa Hirayama Phase Retrieval of Unstained Ferritin Molecules by In-line Fresnel Electron Holography: Masashi Ishikawa1, Setsuko Sugiyama2, Toshimi Ohye1 and Takayoshi Tanji3; 1Faculty of Science and Technology, Meijo University Nagoya, Japan, 2Nagoya Industrial Science Institute, Japan 3EcoTopia Science Institute, Nagoya University, Japan Since Fresnel holograms have higher contrast than Fraunhofer holograms in in-line electron holography, weak phase objects can be observed with higherresolution and -precision. However, the reconstructed image has a serious problem that the reconstructed image is superposed by the defocused conjugate image and then phase information of the object is modulated. Therefore, we have developed the phase retrieval method by the sequential inference procedure. In the present study, a phase retrieval of isolated unstained ferritin bio-molecules by the procedure of a sequential inference method is discussed with computer simulation and experiments. I07-35 POSTER THURSDAY Three-dimensional Analysis of Fine-structure Devices by Fully Automated STEM Tomography: H. Sekiguchi, S. Sadayama, K. Aoyama and N. Suzuki; FEI Company Japan Ltd., NanoPort Japan, NSS-2 Bldg. 1F, 13-34 Kohnan 2-chome, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-0075, Japan The continuous development of semiconductor devices has led to a progressive reduction in their sizes. Therefore, the TEM technique is required for the metrology and inspection of their structure. However, with a decrease in size, the preparation of TEM specimens has become difficult; this is because in order to achieve the target size, very thin specimens have to be prepared. Electron tomography is one of the powerful solutions for three-dimensional (3D) structural analysis of fine-structural devices. For electron tomography, a cylindrical specimen is the most ideal, as confirmed theoretically. However, in order to employ cylindricalspecimens in fully automated electron tomography, several points must be considered during specimen preparation. I07-32 distribution of inoragnic filler in PIF nanocomposites. The relationship between mechanical, thermal properties and microstructural distribution of PIF nano-composites will be discussed in detail at this conference. I07-33 131 I-11) X-ray Microscopy Organized by Hwa Shik Youn and Carolyn Larabell Optimum Observation Condition for High Resolu tion X-ray Microscopy: Yoshikazu Yamaguchi1, Yoshihide Kimura1 and Ryuichi Shimizu2; 1Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan, 2International Institute for Advanced Studies,
[email protected], Kizugawa, Kyoto, Japan We have derived a simple equation, presenting the optimum experimental condition in X-ray microscopy, i.e. the distance between an X-ray source and sample under observation, and the distance between the sample and detector, for given experimental condition; X-ray source size, wave length of X-rays, and pixel size of a detector. This equation enables the highest effective spatial resolution to be obtained by setting-up of X-ray microscopic observation. I11-08 POSTER THURSDAY Computer-controlled Polishing Preparation and Subsequent Mounting of Samples for Low-voltage X-Ray Tomography: P. Prasad1, D. Erwin2 and J.A. Hunt1; 1Gatan Research & Development, 5794 W. Las Positas Blvd., Pleasanton, CA, USA, 2Gatan FA Products Division, 5794 W. Las Positas Blvd., Pleasanton, CA, USA Preparation of samples for X-ray tomography requires thinning wafers in two dimensions and is extremely arduous by manual methods. I11-09 I-12) Atom Probe Microscopy Organized by Pyuck-Pa Choi and Simon Ringer Complementary Analysis of SiGe Heterojuntion by 3D Atom Probe and TEM: B.H. Lee1, J.H. Suh1, Y.K. Kim1, S.J. Kang2 and C.G. Park3; 1National Center for Nanomaterials Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea 2Cameca Korea, Suwon 443-270, Korea 3Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 790-784, Korea We have tried to enhance the reliability of 3DAP and TEM results by using each analytical technique. In case of quantitative analysis, we introduced 3-D elemental analysis of atom probe to support TEM results, followed by ppb-level analysis of SIMS and atom probe tomography was compared with high resolution EM in structural characteristics. SiGe system was adopted for this study, that has been commonly used in integrated circuits for hetero- 132 junction bipolar transistors or as a strain-inducing layer for CMOS transistors. The correlation with the structure and chemical composition change will be discussed, based on the complementary results obtained by 3DAP, HREM, EDS, EELS, and SIMS. I12-07 Atom Probe Tomography of Diluted Magnetic Semiconductors: R.K. Zheng, X.F. Wang, Z.W. Liu and S.P. Ringer; Australian Key Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Sydney NSW 2006, Australia Among various characterization techniques, atom probe tomography (APT) could be the most powerful technique to solve the current problem in DMSs research. APT is capable of mapping the chemical identity and the 3-dimensional position of individual atoms within a sample with single atom depth resolution and sub-nanometer lateral resolution. After APT data is reconstructed, many statistical analyses can be applied to determine the exact distribution and relationship of the magnetic ions and semiconductor matrix. I12-08 M-01) Anometer-sized Materials: Dots. Particles Wires, Tubes and Fiber Organized by Cheol-Woong Yang Characterization of Nanowires Produced by Electron Beam-Induced Deposition: M. Shimojo1,2, M. Song1, H. Matsumoto3, K. Makise1, M. Takeguchi1, K. Mitsuishi1, M. Tanaka1 and K. Furuya1; 1High Voltage Electron Microscopy Station, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan, 2 Advanced Science Research Laboratory, Saitama Institute of Technology, Saitama, Japan, 3 Mitsubishi Chemical Gr. Science and Technology Research Center Inc., Yokohama, Japan M01-21 Observation of Laterally Coupled Quantum Dots Using Near-field Scanning Optical Microscope: Hanaul Noh,1 Wan Bak,1 Yasuhiko Arakawa2 and Wonho Jhe1; 1Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea, 2 Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan The authors report on high-resolution photoluminescence spectroscopy and microscopy study of laterally coupled, self-assembled InAs/GaAs quantum dots by using the low-temperature near-field scanning optical microscope. In particular, they have observed characteristic doublet PL spectra, which can be indirectly but unambiguously attributed to two neighboring coupled QDs, as indicated by the identical spatial images of the PL intensity. This work may open a unique and systematic way to study the lateral coupling of single QDs for qualitative nano-optical analysis and characterization. M01-22 Cross-Sectional Shape Modulation of Physical Properties in ZnO and Zn1-xCoxO Nanowires: Z.Y. Wu1, J.J. Kai1, F.R. Chen1, W.B. Jian2 and J.J. Lin2; 1 Department of Engineer and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan, 2 Department of Electrophysics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan The ZnO semiconductor has attracted much attention since it has both a wide band gap of 3.37eV and a relatively high exciton binding energy of 60 meV, important for applications of ultraviolet laser emission even at room temperature [1,2]. More recently, it was suggested that ZnO nanostructure have been evaluated for potential application in the near future. Due to the advances in nanostructure growth and in electron microscopy for structural characterization, ZnO has been successfully converted into various nanophase [3]. Although it has been known for many years that different growth condition can alter the cross section of one-dimensional nanostructure to from nanobelts, and cylindrical and hexagonal nanowires, the Simulation of Structural Changes in Carbon Nanotubes under Electron Beam Irradiation: M. Yasuda1, R. Mimura1, Y. Kimoto1, K. Tada1, H. Kawata1 and Y. Hirai1; 1Department of Physics and Electronics, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai 599-8531, Japan The structural changes in carbon nano tubes under electron beam irradiation are studied with a molecular dynamics simulation including the interaction between an incident electron and a target carbon atom. The breakage and bending processes of the single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) by the focused electron beam irradiation are simulated. The SWNT is cut off by the high energy electron irradiation. At the cutting edge, the cap is formed through the dangling bond saturation. A lot of five and seven membered rings are seen in the irradiated area of the SWNT. This structural change caused by the electron irradiation results in the bending of the SWNT. M01-25 POSTER THURSDAY ZnO Nanorods with Two Distinct Light Emissions from Two Separate Segments: Chien-Lin Kuo1, Ruey-Chi Wang2, Chuan-Pu Liu1 and Jow-Lay Huang1; 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan 70101, 2Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan 811 1Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan 811 We demonstrate a simple method to fabricate two-segment ZnO nanorods, which exhibit ultraviolet emission from one segment and green light from the other by thermal chemical vapor deposition. Energy dispersive x-ray spectra with transmission electron microscopy show a gradually decreasing Zn:O atomic ratio from the root to the top of a nanorod and the averaged ratios at the two ends are ≈ 57.2:42.8 and 49.5:50.5. Poom-temperature cathodolum in escence measurements show that the nano rods exhibit a sharp ultraviolet emission at 377 nm from one segment and a broad green band at 500 nm from the other, which is attributed to different oxygen concentrations along the nanorods. The luminescence behavior sheds a light on further applications for nano-pixel optoelectric devices. M01-23 physical properties of these nanostructures have seldom been systematically measured and compared. In our study, one-dimensional cylindrical and hexagonal-shaped ZnO NWs were synthesized by using thermal evaporation with different growth mechanism. The compression of crystal characterization and structural defects between the two types of ZnO NWs were inspected by using SEM and TEM, as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. The surface roughness on nanometer scale and a higher density of stacking faults as well as bending feature along the growth direction in cylindrical ZnO NWs have been found. The as-grown NWs have been characterized electrical conductivity and PL spectrum measurements, as shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 As compared with the NWs with hexagonal geometry, we have identified high conductivity implying large amount of shallow donors in the cylindrical NWs that also corresponds to intensified green defect emission. The pure ZnO NWs are Co-ion implanted to make magnetic Zn1-xCoxO NWs with following magnetization measurements, as shown in Fig. 5 Increasing magnetization and stronger ferromagnetic ordering in the cylindrical Zn1-xCoxO NWs rather than hexagonal ones have established experimentally in conjunction with point defects of ZnI and VO. We found that the cylindrical and hexagonal shape effect can modulate structural, electrical, optical, and even magnetic M01-24 properties in ZnO and Zn1-xCoxO NWs Bright InP/ZnS(Core/Shell) Nanoparticle: A Versatile Fluorescent Probe for Cell Imaging: Sahid Hussain1, Songju Oh1, Nayoun Won1 and Sungjee Kim1; 1Nanophotonics and Nanomedical Lab, Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, (POSTECH), San 31, 133 Hyojadong, Pohang 790-784, Korea We have developed a facile strategy for the preparation of InP NCs. By simply modifying the pyrolytic condition, the sizes of the as-prepared NCs were desirably tuned and overcoated in the same pot. Then, the hydrophobic NCs were rendered water soluble using dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA) and used as biolabels in cell fluorescence imaging. M01-26 POSTER THURSDAY Two-dimensional (2-D) Layered WS2 Nanosheet Crystals: J.-t. Jang1, J.-w. Seo1, T. Moon2, B.-w. Park2, J.-G Kim3, Y.-J Kim3 and J. Cheon1; 1Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea, 2School of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Korea, 3Division of Electron Microscopic Research Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 305-333, Korea Recent developments of 2-D nanosheet crystals such as stable graphene and transition metal chalcogenides (TMCs) have sparked new discoveries in the condensed matter physics and electronics1. Further nanoscale miniaturization of these 2-D nanosheet crystals in the planar dimension (i.e. a, b directions) is also of importance as numerous novel properties arising from the lateral confinement effects are expected. However, synthetic routes for such laterally confined 2-D nanosheet crystals, especially for TMCs, have been challenging since they are unstable and immediately scroll-up into closed structures such as 0-D onions or 1-D tubes2-4. Here, we have developed an entirely new “shape transformation” concept that proceeds via a rolling-out of 1-D tungsten oxide nanorods for the fabrication of laterally confined 2-D WS2 nanosheet crystals. Their unique nanoscale characteristics can be found in their significant enhancement of charge capacity for the applications in lithium ion batteries. M01-27 Synthesis of Indium Nanowire Induced by Focused Ion Beam on Phase Decomposition of InGaN Layers: Do Hyun Kim1, Seung Soo Oh2, Myoung-Woon Moon3, Ashkan Vaziri4, Miyoung Kim1, Euijoon Yoon1, John W. Hutchinson1 and Kyu Hwan Oh1; 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ku Gwanak-ro 599, Seoul, Korea, 2Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA, 3Future Fusion Technology Laboratory, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 39-1, Hawolgok-dong, Wolsong-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Korea, 4School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University Cambridge, MA 02138, USA Nanowires are ideal building blocks for functional nanometer-scale electronics, photonic structures, and nanosurgery devices owing to their unique and 134 exquisite characteristics. Here, we report a novel phenomenon that provides a robust technique for fabrication of single-crystal indium nanowires. Indium nanowires are grown on InGaN substrates at an ultrafast rate by using direct irradiation by a focused ion beam and the sources of indium nanowires are induced by phase decomposition of InGaN substrates. The diameter and length of the synthesized nanowires, as well as their growth rate, can be effectively controlled by selecting the energy of the ion beam. Using this technique, singlecrystalline straight indium nanowires with diameter of 40-200 nm and length up to 120 micron are fabricated at growth rates as high as 500 nm/s, which is several orders faster than the current techniques. Nanowires are synthesized on selected areas of the substrate by controlling the regions exposed to the ion beam using maskless patterning. This technique provides new avenues for creating well-defined functional networks of nanowires and therefore has relevance for the fabrication of novel nanoscale devices. M01-28 Temperature Dependent Phase Decomposition of ZnS Nanowire Using In-situ Heating X-ray Diffraction: Seul Cham Kim1, Ji Woo Kim1, Hee-Suk Chung1, Do Hyun Kim1 and Kyu Hwan Oh1; 1 Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ku Gwanak-ro 599, Seoul, Korea We report thermal stability of ZnS nanowires using X-ray diffraction equipped with in-situ heating system, by increasing the temperature from room temperature to 900℃. We confirmed that assynthesized ZnS nanowires can be maintained their own structure up to 400℃ using in-situ heating XRD, also observed their microstructure through electron microscopy analysis. M01-29 Synthesis of ZnS Nanowires with Very High Aspect Ratio and Their Photoluminescence Study: Tae Jun Ko1, Seul Cham Kim1, Hee-Suk Chung1, Do Hyun Kim1 and Kyu Hwan Oh1; 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ku Gwanak-ro 599, Seoul, Korea In this letter, we report the ZnS nanowires fabricated by vapor-liquid-solid manner using Au/Pd catalysts. As-synthesized ZnS nanowires were characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). ZnS nanowires exhibited very high aspect ratio (~2400), which is not reported so far. In addition, photoluminescence property carried out using excitation 325nm line. As-fabricated ZnS nanowires reveal its luminescence at 430nm, 520nm, respectively. We believe that the defect luminescence centers are caused by Au ions (520nm) and vacancies (430nm). M01-30 Fabrication of β-Ga2O3 Nanowires Prepared by Physical Evaporation: Seoung-Bum Son,1 Seul Cham Kim,1 Hee-Suk Chung,1 Do Hyun Kim1 and Kyu Hwan Oh1; 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ku Gwanak-ro 599, Seoul, Korea In this letter, we report fabrication and characterization of β-Ga2O3 nanowires synthesized through GaAs physical evaporation. As-synthesized nanowires were characterized with scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Raman analysis. M01-31 Synthesis and Microstructural Study of Magnetic Metal (Mn, Co, Fe, and Ni) Oxide Nanosheets: Jun Guo1, Yong Hu2, Ting Mei2 and Tim White1; 1School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore 2School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore Magnetic metal-oxide (Mn2O3, Co3O4, Fe2O3, NiO) nanosheets were synthesized and the microstructure were studied. XRD results matched body-centered cubic Mn2O3, face-centered cubic Co3O4, rhombohedral Fe2O3 and face-centered cubic NiO. All oxides presented 2D morphology nanosheets. Fast-Fourier Transform (FFT) reconstruction of the HRTEM images confirmed that the nanosheets have the same structure revealed by XRD. The magnetic properties of the Mn2O3 nano sheets progress from paramagnetism, to antiferromagnetism, ferromagnetism and finally a spin-glass/cluster-glass state as the temperature is reduced from 300 K to 5K. M01-33 Morphological Characterization of Co3O4 NanoCatalyst for CO Oxidation: Zhi-Quan Liu1, Pan-Ju Shang2, Xiaowei Xie2, Yong Li2 and Wenjie Shen2; 1 Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese, Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China. 2State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China. Cobalt hydroxide carbonate precursors were prepared by precipitation of cobalt acetate with sodium carbonate aqueous solution with the mediation of ethylene glycol. Thermal calcination of the precursors produced CoB3BOB4B nanoparticles or nanorods, depending on the temperature of precipitation. The CoB3BOB4B nanoparticles mainly exposed the less active {111} plane, while the CoB3BOB4B nanorods predominantly exposed the active {110} plane which are richness in Co3+ species acting as active sites for CO oxidation. Comparative studies on the nanorods and nanoparticles for CO oxidation revealed that the nanorods showed extremely high activity and stability for CO oxidation. M01-35 POSTER THURSDAY Growth Behavior and Kinetic Energy Approach on Au and Au/Pd Catalyzed ZnS Nanowire: You-Sub Lee1, Seul Cham Kim2, Ji Woo Kim3, Eusun Yu1, Seoung-Bum Son1, Hee-Suk Chung1 and Kyu Hwan Oh1; 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ku Gwanak-ro 599, Seoul, Korea In this presentation, we report growth behavior investigation between Au-catalyzed & Au/Pdcatalyzed ZnS Nanowire by VLS method. With increasing temperature in the furnace, we observed the growth rate and average length of nanowires. As a result of the observation, we found the fact that the growth rate of Au/Pd-catalyzed ZnS nanowire is 2.1 times larger than that of Au-catalyzed one. In addition, thermal activation energy was calculated on both catalyst mediated ZnS nanowire growth. M01-32 Structural and Optical Properties of Hybrid Nanostructures of ZnO/Si: Chang Oh Kim, Sung Kim and Suk-Ho Choi; Department of Applied Physics, College of Electronics and Information, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 449-701, Korea Hybrid nanostructures composed of ZnO nanocrystals (NCs) and Si NCs have been fabricated by annealing double layers of ZnO and SiOx thin films on Si (100) wafer grown by radio-frequency sputtering and ion beam sputtering deposition, respectively. The oxygen content (x) of SiOx is varied from 1.0 to 1.8. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy images demonstrate the coexistence of 4 ~ 5 nm ZnO NCs and 2 ~ 10 nm Si NCs depending on x value. The PL intensity of the hybrid structures is almost 10 times enhanced x = 1.0, and decreases with increasing x above 1.0, exactly consistent with the x-dependent intensity behaviors of the near-edge x-ray absorption fine structure features. These results are very promising in view of the strong enhancement of the luminescence efficiency of ZnO by its hybridization with SiOx for the NC formation. M01-34 Synthesis of Straight Y-shaped Silica Nanorods: G．Zhu1,2, X.P. Zou1 and J. Cheng1; 1Research Center for Sensor Technology, Beijing Information Technology Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory for Sensor, Beijing 100101, China, 2Suzhou College, Anhui 234000, China The straight Y-shaped silica nanorods have been synthesized on Si wafer by thermal chemical 135 evaporation of mixed powders of silica and graphite at 1300℃ and condensation on Si substrate without using any catalyst. The synthesized samples were characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy. The results suggested that the straight Y-shaped silica nanorods have uniform diameter about 50-200nm and neat smooth surface. The growth of such silica nanorods may be a result of the fluctuation of external conditions and internal structure faults causing a change in the growth direction of silica nanorods developed. M01-36 Effects of Dye Adsorption on the Photoelectrochemical Characteristics in ZnO-nano particles Dye-sensitized Solar Cells: Yi-Cin Chen1, Siao-Ru Yu1, Ji-Jung Kai1 and Fu-Rong Chen; 1Center of Electron Microscopy, Department of Engineer and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan We investigated the fabrication technique of porous ZnO thin-film electrode for dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSCs).The liquid precipitation method using zinc acetate dihydrate was applied for the synthesis ZnO nanoparticles.A mesoporous ZnO films fabricated by spray coating and doctor blading.The short-circuit current and conversion efficiency were both increased with the thickness of sintered ZnO films, but the fill factor decreased due to the increased series resistance. M01-37 POSTER THURSDAY 136 Cu doped RuO2 Nanowires-electrical Properties Measured Inside a Transmission Electron Microscope: C.C. Chen1, J.J. Kai1 and F.R. Chen1; 1Center of Electron Microscopy, Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan RuO2 belongs to a transition metal oxide family and exhibit metallic conductivity at room temperature. Therefore, RuO2 nanowires can be a good candidate for leading wire. However, in order to improve the electrical property, RuO2 nanowires were doped with Cu ions and electrical properties were measured by scanning tunneling microscopy in situ holder for transmission electron microscopes (TEM-STM). RuO2 nanowires were ion implanted to doses of 1×1016 ions/cm-2、3×1016 ions/cm-2 and 5×1016 ions/cm-2 by 72keV Cu+ ions. Then, the specimens were annealed at 350℃ under Ar flow for 40 hours to reduce the ion implanted damage. By EDS spectrum, the concentrations of Cu were about 0.76 at、2.62 at and 4.28 at％in RuO2 nanowires for doses of 1×1016 ions/cm-2, 3×1016 ions/cm-2 and 5×1016 ions/cm-2, respectively. The electrical properties of rutile-type RuO2: Cu low-dimensional structures were analysed using a scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) in situ holder for transmission electron microscopes (TEM). The I-V data obtained typically show linear behavior between the gold electrode and Cu doped RuO2 nanowires at all contact points. And then we can figure out the values of contact resistance (Rc) and resistivity (ρ) from equeation. In Fig. 2 the contact resistance in sample with dose 1×1016 ions/cm-2 is 2.48kΩ and the resistivity is 46.6 μΩ-cm. In Fig. 3 the contact resistance in sample with dose 3×1016 ions/cm-2 is 2.12kΩ and the resistivity is 642.8 μΩ-cm. M01-38 Electrical Properties Measurement Fluorine-doped SnO2 Nanowires Inside a Transmission Electron Microscope: F.Y. Tsai, J.J. Kai and F.R. Chen; Center of Electron Microscopy, Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan Transparent conductive oxides (TCO), such as SnO2, In2O3, CdO, and ZnO, have become increasingly important in a large variety of applications due to demands for optically-transparent, conductive materials.[1-2] For enhancing in conductivity, we usually dope suitable atoms introduce more free carriers.[3] It has been widely used as electric leads in optoelectronic devices such as flat panel displays and thin film solar energy cells. M01-39 Excitations of Surface Polaritons in NanoMaterials by STEM-EELS: Chien-Ting Wu1, Chun-Wei Chen2, Kuei-Hsien Chen2, Li-Chyong Chen3, Ming-Wen Chu3 and Cheng Hsuan Chen3; 1 Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taiwan, 2Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, 3Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taiwan Bulk and surface excitations of triangular GaN nanorods were investigated by the STEM-EELS. We observed several peaks with the characteristics of surface exciton polaritons (SEP) occurring near interband transitions in the spectral regime below the surface plasmon. The SEP peaks positions correlate well with peaks in the imaginary component of dielectric function of bulk GaN signifying the excitonic conditions. We also note that the wave-fields of long-ranged SEPs are confined predominantly outside the surface and decay exponentially away from the surface, albeit much slowly than typical SPs. Modern nanomaterials thus provide new opportunities for studying surface excitations. M01-40 Formation of Porous GaSb Nanoparticles by Vacancy Clustering Induced by Electronic Excitation: H. Yasuda1, A. Tanaka1, N. Nitta1, K. Matsumoto1 and H. Mori2; 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan, 2Research Center for Ultra-High Voltage Electron Microscopy, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565- 0871, Japan Porous semiconductor compound nanoparticles have been prepared by a new technique utilizing electronic excitation. The porous structures are formed in GaSb particles, when vacancies are efficiently introduced by electronic excitation and the particle size is large enough to confine the vacancy clusters. The capture cross section of the surface layer in particles for the vacancies is smaller than that for the interstitials. Under the condition of supersaturation of vacancies in the particle core, porous structures are produced through the vacancy clusters to a void formation. M01-41 Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscope Study of Pt Nano Catalysts Deposited on Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes: H. Kim1, N.J. Jeong1, K.B. Park1 and K.S. Myung1; 1Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), Jang dong 71-2, Yusung gu, Dae-jeon, 305-343, Korea CNTs were directly grown on carbon paper. For the deposition of highly dispersed and nano-sized Pt particles, we used chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. (Trimethyl)methylcyclopentadienyl platinum (MeCpPtMe3) (99%, Strem) was used as a Pt precursor for CVD and CNTs were purchased from Iljin nanotech. As confirmed by SEM and TEM results, we obtained highly dispersed and nano-sized Pt particles(~1nm) on CNTs by CVD technique, which is effective for the enhancement of fuel cell performance. M01-43 Atomic Distribution of Palladium Platinum in Bimetallic Alloys Supported on Silica: N. Castillo1, L. Garcia2, R. Perez3 and A. Conde4; 1Facultad de uímica UNAM México D.F. 04510, México, 2 ESIT-IPN, México D.F., 07305, México. 3Instituto de iencias Fisicas, Cuernavaca Mor., 07305, México, 4 CINVESTAV, Física, México D.F., 07360, México. Pdx-Pt(1-x) bimetallic nanoparticles supported on amorphous silica (SiO2) were prepared by wetness impregnation techniques with choroplatinic acid (H2PtCl6) and palladium chloride (PdCl4) with different concentrations of Pd and Pt at about 1% in overall metallic weight. The structural and physic characterization of these samples were carried out by X-Rays Diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), attach with X-Ray and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (XEDS). In this work, we observed the distribution of Pd and Pt in anoparticles. By XRD Pdx-Pt (1-x) Nanoparticles are made of a single solid solution of Pd and Pt atoms, and the particles diameter of about 4 nm was estimated by TEM and Bright field image, were found mainly to have cubeoctahedral shape with fcc packing Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (XEDS) allowed to determine that Pd-Pt nanoparticles composition and their values were found to be close to the stochiometric relative concentrations in weight of the metals, in the precursor a! queous solution. According to the results, the samples that presented POSTER THURSDAY Synthesis of B4C Nanobelts in Porous SiC Bodies: In Chul Jung1, Sang Woong Na1, Dong Hyuk Kim1, Jaehyung Lee1 and Bong-Ki Min2; 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyongbuk 712-749, Korea, 2Instrumental Analysis Center, Yeungnam University, Gyongbuk 712-749, Korea B4C nanobelts were synthesized in porous SiC bodies, which had a sponge microstructure. The pore sizes of the SiC bodies were approximately 600μm. The raw materials for B4C whiskers were B2O3 and carbon black. Nanowires and nanobelts grew by the vapor-liquid-solid process, and the catalysts used were Fe, Co and Ni. The heat treatment for the growth was performed between 1400~1600℃ for 1 or 2 h. The diameters of B4C wires ranged from 0.1 to 1μm. The width and thickness of the belts were approximately 3μm and 0.1μm. The length of the grown B4C wires and belts were over 100μm. Different growth conditions resulted in different nanobelt size, yield and structures. M01-42 Study of Quantized Conductance for Gold Nanowire Using TEM-STM: Y. Kurui1, Y. Oshima2 and K. Takayanagi1,2; 1Dept. Cond. Matt. Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Oh-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan, 2Dept. Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, J1-3, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8502, Japan, 3CREST-JST, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan Using a transmission electron microscope combined with a scanning tunneling microscope, the relationship between structure and conductance of gold nanowires with axis along the [110] direction is investigated. The conductance histogram appear at integral multiples of the conductance quantum, which is a direct evidence that these peaks are due to one-by-one evolution of conductance channel. The shape of the hexagonal cross section of the [110] Au nanowires are defined as (n, l, m) where n, l, and m are the number of (1,1,1), (1,1,1), and (0,0,1) lattice planes in the wire, respectively. We observed the histogram of the conductance for each subset of [110] Au nanowires with fixed values of n, l, or m, which are defined in the TEM images. Dividing the entire histogram into the partial set of nanowires, the nanowire structures corresponding to the respective peaks in the entire histogram can be almost assigned. M01-44 137 high activity in the cycloolefins reaction was the samples with high surface area. Bimetallic Pd-Pt nanoparticle size increases with increasing platinum concentration in the materials, thus bimetallic Pd-Pt nanoparticles supported on silica showed the best catalytic conversion in clycoolefins reaction than monometallic samples. M01-45 AEM Study on a Few Layered Graphite Synthesized on Ni Substrate Using TCVD: M.H. Park,1 Y.I. Lee1, J.Y. Lee2, E.J. Kang2, J.Y. Kim2, U.K. Jang2 and C.W. Yang1; 1School of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University 300 Cheoncheon-dong, Jangan-gu, Suwon 440-746, Korea2, Cooperative Center for Research Facilities, Sungkyunkwan University 300 Cheoncheon-dong, Jangan-gu, Suwon 440-746, Korea M01-46 POSTER THURSDAY Nano and Microstructural Studies of Lithium Manganese Oxide: N. Kamarulzaman1, R. Yusoff1, N. Kamarudin, M.A. Bustam2, N. Blagojevic3, M. Blackford3 and M. Avdeev3; 1Centre for Nanomaterials Research, Institute of Science, Universiti Technologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia, 2Chemical Engineering Programme, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, 31750 Tronoh, Perak, Malaysia, 3Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization, Lucas Heights Research Laboratories, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia This work involves the synthesis and characterization of normal and nano powders of the spinel LiMn2O4 material. The synthesis method used is the sol-gel method and the nano materials are prepared using a high energy ball mill. The characterization done is to study the morphology, particle size and lattice spacings of the nano material compared to normal materials given by the ICSD 50415 structure. The scanning and transmission electron microscopy studies show that the nano crystallites are about 10 times smaller than the normal materials. The selected area diffraction studies show that the nano material has smaller d-spacings than normal materials. M01-47 M-06) Magnetic and Super-conducting materials Organized by Jong Ryoul Kim The Study of p-GaN Doped with Co Ion by Ion Implantation: Jyun-Hao Huang, J.J. Kai and F.R. Chen; Center of Electron Microscopy, Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing 138 Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan Diluted magnetic semiconductors(DMSs) based on III-V semiconductors, fabricated by incorporating a proper concentration of magnetic ions, have attracted considerable attention in recent years because of the possibility involving charge and spin degrees of freedom in a single substance. It is expected to provide new functionality for microelectronic devices by exploiting the spin of charge carriers in the ferromagnetic semiconductors. The object of this study is making a room temperature DMS transistor to demonstrate the possible application of DMS technology in future spintronics. The subtract was p-type GaN grown on Al2O3, and implanted with 72 keV Co+ ions, to dose levels of 1×1016 ions/cm-2. Then the specimens was annealed at 700℃, 800℃, 900℃ and 1100℃ under N2 flow for 3 min. to reduce the damage during ion-implantation. HRTEM analysis of Co dopant GaN at different annealing temperature showed that there no second phase was observed in the ion implanted region, shown as Fig. 1 The magnetic properties were measured by Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID), from M-H curves at 5K, ferromagnetic behavior was observed at the implanted GaN after annealing and the specimens with same dose and different annealing temperature shows that increased saturated magnetization and reduced the coercivity of the specimen at highest annealing temperature, shown as Fig. 2 and Table. 1 And Fig. 3 is the M-T curve shows that the Tc is above 300K, the roomtemperature magnetic properties are beneficial to the fabrication of DMS device. Hall effect measurement shows that the resistivity of implanted sample, which annealed between 700℃ to 900℃, was higher than the one annealed at 1100℃. In this way, the resistivity was reduced after 1100℃ annealing, shown as Table 2. M06-10 Magnetization Process of Sm2Fe17N3 Studied by Lorentz Microscopy and Electron Holography: K. H. Kim1, J. J. Kim2, T. Ishikawa3, K. Ohmori3 and D. Shindo1; 1Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan, 2Initial Research Project, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, c/o Hitachi Advanced Research Laboratory, Akanuma 2520, Hatoyama, Saitama 350-0395, Japan, 3Ichikawa Research Laboratory, Sumitomo Metal Mining Co., Ltd., Chiba 272-8588, Japan In order to understand the magnetic properties of hard magnetic materials, it is necessary to investigate their magnetization process. However, it is not easy to produce magnetic field strong enough to induce the magnetization of these materials inside a transmission electron microscope (TEM). In this study, we studied the remanent states of Sm2Fe17N3 after applying the strong magnetic field. In order to introduce the strong magnetic field, we utilized two devices, i.e., a specimen holder with a sharp magnetic needle and an electromagnet. Observations of domain structure were carried out by Lorentz microscopy and electron holography. M06-11 morphological changes, structural, and chemical information of the films. The EDS mapping results for cross-sectional TEM images of Pb(Zr0.52, Ti0.48)O3 and Pb(Zr0.7, Ti0.3)O3 films showed that Ti diffused in PZT layers across Pt layer. MT06-13 The Structure of Striped Crystals in Ni2MnGa Alloy: H. Maeda1, E. Taguchi2, K. Inoue3 and A. Sugiyama4; 1Department of Mechanical & Systems Engineering, Ryukoku University, Yokotani 1-5, Seta Ooe-cyo, Ootsu, Shiga 520-2194, Japan, 2 Research Center for Ultra-High Voltage Electron Microscopy, Osaka University, Mihogaoka7-1, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan, 3Advanced Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Ohkubo3-4-1, Shinjyuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan, 4Division of Entrepreneurial Engineering, Osaka Sangyo University, Nakakakiuchi3-3-1, Daito, Osaka 574-8530, Japan An off-stoichiometric Ni2.18Mn0.82Ga1.00 alloy crystalshows the bi-directional martensitic transformation caused by a magnetic field at room temperature. This alloy crystal exhibits a striped pattern covering all of crystal in thick regions with a typical twin-like diffraction pattern of tetragonal structures. In order to analyse the twin-like microstructure in detail, the diffraction along the [111] direction on the interfacial plane was taken by TEM and examined in this work. Accurate measurement of distance and angles between the two neighboring 220-type spot reveals that the lattice parameters are slightly different between the two component crystallites of the striped microstructure. M06-12 *M06-14: see M06-10 Microstructure and Superconducting Properties in Extruded MgB2/Al Composite Material Wires: K. Matsuda1, K. Nishimura1, S. Ikeno1, Y. Hishinuma2, S. Aoyama3, Y. Yabumoto4, L. Frank5, I. Mullerova5, V.V. Yurchenko6 and T.H. Johansen6; 1 Graduate School of Science & Engineering for Research, University of Toyama, 3190, Gofuku, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan, 2National Institute of Fusion Science, 322-6, Oroshi-cho, Toki, Gifu, 509-5292, Japan, 3Nikkeikin ACT Co. Ltd, 2-2-0, Higashi-Shinagawa, Shinagawa,Tokyo, 140-8628, Japan, 4Shin-Nikkei Co. ltd, 4-2-12, Narashino, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8530, Japan, 5Institute of Scientific Instruments, Academy of Science of the Czech Republic, Kralovopolska, CZ-61264, Brno, Czech Republic, 6Department of Physics, University of Oslo, P.O.Box 1048, Blindern, 0316, Oslo, Norway. Superconductive MgB2/Al composite material with low and high volume fractions of particles were fabricated by our special pre-packing technique and 3-dimensional penetration casting method. The critical temperature of superconducting transition (TC) was determined by electrical resistivity and magnetization to be about 37-39K. A billet of the superconducting material was successfully hotextruded, forming a rod of 10mm and wires of 3 and 1 mm. Microstructures of these samples have been confirmed by TEM and SEM method. The magneto-optic (MO) imaging method has been also applied to confirm the magnetic flux through this composite material in the applied field. M06-16 POSTER THURSDAY Effect of Zr/Ti Ratio on the Microstructure of PZT Film: Young Hwa Oh1, Bon Woong Koo1, Ji Young Jo2, Tae Won Noh2, Seung-Hyun Kim3 and Young-Woon Kim1; 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University Gwanak-gu Silim-dong San 56-1, Seoul 151-744, Korea, 2Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University Gwanak-gu Silim-dong San 56-1, Seoul 151-747, Korea, 3INOSTEK Inc., Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 426-901, Korea The PZT films used in this study was a 150nm thick Pb(Zrx, Ti1-x)O3 film fabricated on a Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrate with the following Zr/Ti ratio: Pb(Zr0.3, Ti0.7)O3, Pb(Zr0.52, Ti0.48)O3, and Pb(Zr0.7, Ti0.3)O3. In order to investigate the crystalline structure and phase distribution of the PZT films with different Zr/Ti ratio, X-ray diffraction (XRD, Rigaku D/MaxIII), Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and High angle annular dark-field imaging (ADF) in Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM, JEOL 3000F and FEI F20) were used to analyze the Observation of Magnetic Domains and Magnetic Fields due to STEM Diffraction Imaging: Akira YASUHARA1, Kazuya YAMAZAKI1, Kimiharu OKAMOTO1, Hirotoshi ENDO1 and Toshiaki SUZUKI2; 1Electron Optics Division, JEOL. Ltd. 2 Metrology Inspection Division, JEOL. Ltd In order to observe magnetic domains with STEM (Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy), the DPC (Differential Phase Contrast) imaging method is commonly used. However to use the DPC method, we needed the specialized quadrant detector. In this report, we acquire the DPC images in a conventional TEM by the STEM Diffraction Imaging technique instead of the quadrant STEM detector. M06-15 139 M-09) Radiation Effects Organized by Sang-Chul Kwon and Somei Ohnuki One-Dimensional Diffusion of Nanometer-Sized 1/2<111> Dislocation Loops in Fe: K. Arakawa and H. Mori; Research Center for Ultra-High Voltage Electron Microscopy, Osaka University, 7-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan It has been believed that dynamic behavior of small prismatic perfect dislocation loops-agglomerations of point defects on a habit plane-play important roles in the evolution of microstructure upon high-energy particle irradiation. Recent classical molecular dynamics calculations (MD) have revealed that extremely small loops with diameters less than a few nanometers in truly pure metals can undergo one-dimensional (1D) glide diffusion in the direction of their Burgers vector with low values of activation energy being less than 0.1 eV. Using in-situ TEM, we have directly examined the behavior of nanometer-sized interstitial-type dislocation loops (> 5.9 nm in diameter) with a Burgers vector of 1/2<111> in alpha-Fe with purity of 99.998 wt. % upon heating under the application of no external stress and negligible internal stresses. M09-09 POSTER THURSDAY Analysis of a Metallic Precipitates in an Irradiated Simulated Fuel: Y.H. Jung and U.S. Rhu; Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 150 Dukjin-Dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-353, Korea Metallic precipitates in the irradiated fuels affect the fuel's electric and thermal conductivities, and a large quantity of them changes the fuel performance, especially for high burn-up fuels. Therefore, characterizing the metallic precipitates in a post irradiation examination is very important. In this paper, a characterization procedure and a manner for improving the measurement accuracy by EPMA (Electron probe Micro Analyzer) were established with a well informed simulated fuel which was applied to characterizing the fission products and metallic precipitates of the simulated fuel irradiated at HANARO. M09-10 Secondary Defects Induced by Electron and Ion Irradiation in GaSb Thin Film: N. Nitta1, H. Yasuda1, H. Mori2, T. Yoshiie3, Y. Hayashi3 and M. Taniwaki4; 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kobe University, Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, Japan, 2 Research Center for Ultra-High Voltage Electron Microscopy, Osaka University, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan, 3Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University, Kumatori, Sennan, Osaka, Japan, 4 Department of Environmental Systems Engineering, Kochi University of Technology, Tosayamada, Kami, 140 Kochi, Japan In order to clarify how the morphologies of the secondary defect are influenced by the primary defects, both electron and ion irradiations were performed on GaSb using a high voltage electron microscope and a heavy ion accelerator. For the electron irradiation, the dark contrasts by lattice strain are observed. The contrasts are identified as dislocation loops. For the ion irradiation, the bright contrasts by voids are observed. The above results show that the mobility of the vacancies depends on the local density of vacancies strongly. M09-11 Molecular Dynamics Study on Electron Energy Dependence of Electron Irradiation Damages in Graphite: T. Majima, M. Yasuda, Y. Kimoto, K. Tada, H. Kawata and Y. Hirai; Department of Physics and Electronics, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai 599-8531, Japan The primary energy dependence of the electron irradiation damages in graphite is studied with a molecular dynamics simulation including the interaction between an incident electron and a target carbon atom. It is found that the high energy incident electron punches out the carbon atom from the layer in the graphite and this punched-out atom forms the cross-link between the layers in the graphite. At high primary energy, some of the punched-out carbon atoms have enough energy to punch out another carbon atom in the lower layers and the cross-link cascades are observed in the graphite. M09-12 Effect of IVa Elements on Particle Distribution in ODS Fe-Cr Alloys: S. Komatsu, Y. Uchida, XH. Hashimoto and S. Ohnuki; Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8278, Japan Oxide-dispersion-strengthened(ODS) ferritic steels have been developed as fuel materials for the sodium-cooled fast breeder reactor. The effects of alloying elements, such as Cr and Al, on distribution of oxide particle have been investigated to improve materials properties, microstructural analysis indicated that addition of IV a elements would be effective for making fine-distributed oxide particle. The main purpose of this study is to clarify the mechanism of oxide particle formation and investigate the effect of minor elements addition on oxide particle distribution by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). M09-13 Damage Structural Development in ODS Ferritic Steels during Electron-irradiation: C.Z. Yu, T. Nagai, N. Hashimoto and S. Ohnuki; Fac. Eng., Hokkaido Univ. N-13, W-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan Oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) ferritic steels have a good mechanical properties at high temperature and are expected to have high irradiation resistance. One of critical issues of the steels is to stabilize the nano-sized distribution of oxide particle in matrix. Past experiments indicated that addition of elements in IVa family would be effective in the nano-sized distribution. The purpose of this study is to clarify the effect of oxide particles on the development of damage structure. In-situ irradiation experiments showed that interface between oxide particles and matrix could act as the effective sinks for irradiation-induced point defects. M09-14 The Microstructural Evolution of Nuclear Grade Graphite in Very High Temperature Gas Cooled Reactor (VHTGR) Core Environments: Y.T. Hsieh, J.J. Kai and F.R. Chen; Center of Electron Microscopy, Department of Engineer and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan Hydrogen production from water needs very high temperature due to the recovery process of one of the catalyst. The newly designed generation IV reactor (G-IV) has incorporated hydrogen production into the reactor design. The most promising type of G-IV reactor for both electricity and hydrogen production is the very high temperature gas-cooled reactor (VHTR). In this type reactor design, nuclear grade graphite is the major core internal structural material serving as reflector and moderator. Due to the high temperature and high neutron flux in the core, graphite will face very serious challenge in terms of Microstructure Evolution of Single Crystal Hexagonal SiC under Si Ion Irradiation at Elevated Temperatures: C.J. Ho, J.J. Kai and F.R. Chen; Center of Electron Microscopy, Department of Engineer and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan Silicon carbide is considered to be a promising material in nuclear systems, such as the coating of fuel particles in very high temperature reactors (VHTR) and structural material in fusion reactors. The main concerns about using this material are the stability of microstructure during irradiation at high temperatures, the low radioactivity after irradiation, and the high strength at high temperatures. The material used was commercially available single crystal 6H silicon carbide wafer with (0 0 0 6) orientation in its vertical axis. In this study, we irradiated SiC up to 10 dpa using 5.4 MeV Si3+ ion beam to simulate the radiation damage produced by neutron bombardment in nuclear reactors. The depth distribution of the displacement and implanted Si ions are calculated by TRIM-code, shown as Fig. 1. The microstructural evolution of irradiated SiC is POSTER THURSDAY Quantifying Helium Distribution in Dual-Ion Beam Irradiation SiCf/SiC Composites by Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy: K.F. Chen, Z.H. Zeng, C.H. Chen, F.R. Chen and J.J. Kai; Center for Electron Microscopy, Department of ESS, National Tsing-Hua University, HsinChu County, Taiwan (R.O.C.) The method to quantify helium distribution in the SiCf/SiC composites as the first wall materials is purposed, which can provide us advanced knowledge of the formation of helium gas bubbles. The bubble formation of Hi-Nicalon Type-S (HNS) SiCf/SiC composites irradiated to 100dpa at 800℃ and 1000℃ was investigated by transmission electron microscopy. The irradiation was performed by using dual-ion beam (6 MeV Si3+ and 1.13 MeV He+) to simulate the first wall environment of D-T fusion reactor.The relationship between the energy shift of He K-edge and the radius of the bubble was estimated for SiC composites by electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) analysis. From this calculation, the helium atoms irradiated at C 1000 were all diffusing into the bubbles. M09-15 microstructural evolution and helium embrittlement. The purpose of the study is focused on the microstructural evolution and the helium embrittlement of nuclear grade graphite under the VHTR core environments. Graphite has the characteristics to store defect energy inside the crystalline lattice and will releases enormous amount of defect energy when the temperature reaches the critical annealing temperature which may cause serious problem in reactor safety. In this project we will study the radiation damage effect on the microstructural defects of graphite and combine with high temperature anneal to understand the fundamental mechanism of the defects formation and energy release of graphite. This work is very important for the G-IV reactor design and operation in the future. In order to simulate the VHTR core environment, the graphite samples were irradiated by carbon ions at temperatures from 500 ℃ to 1000 ℃ in our triple-beam accelerator chamber, and the doses is up to 10 dpa. Generally the most significant change of graphite in the core after irradiation is the lattice dimensional variation. Based on high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) images and diffraction patterns, the lattice spacing of c-axis can be determined. Our results, Figure 1, show that the lattice spacing of [0002] apparently increased 15 after implantation at 600℃, and it only increased 9 and 5 at 500℃ and 1000℃, separately. In HRTEM image, the irradiation area show wavy deformation of the basal plane and some planar defects. The disorder coefficient σ can be indicated by the profile of Fast Fourier Transform of HRTEM images. M09-16 141 examined by transmission electron microscopy, and the thickness is determined by Electron Energy-Loss Spectrums. After irradiation, the dislocation loops formed above 600℃. By using the weak beam dark field technique, dislocation loops was identified as bright spot at dark field images. The loop radius increased slightly as the irradiation temperature increased from 600℃ to 1000℃, shown as Fig. 3. We will continue to do higher temperature irradiation experiment to obtain the more explicit relation between radiation damage and temperature. Also, identifying whether the loop is interstitial or vacancy type is the destination. M09-17 POSTER THURSDAY High Temperature Triple-Ion Beam Irradiation Effect on Helium Bubble Formation in Hi-Nicalon Type-S SiCf/SiC Composite: C.H. Chen1, K.F. Chen1, S.W. Lee1, L.U. YU1, J.J. Kai1, F.R. Chen1 and Y. Katoh2; 1Center of Electron Microscopy, Department of Engineer and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan, 2Metals and Ceramic Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, U.S.A. The helium formation in SiCf/SiC composite after high temperature triple-ion beam irradiation. Hydrogen plays a role to enhance the nucleation rate of He-bubble and in turn reduces the average diameter of the bubbles. Measuring helium bubbles by EELS, about 50~60% of the incident helium were trapped in bubbles within SiCf/SiC above 1100℃ radiation temperature. M09-18 M-10) Geological/ Minerological Materials Organized by Sujeong Lee and Toshihiro Gurore TEM Study on the Mineral Phases in the Suizhou Meteorite: Ke Zhang1, Jianbo Wang1, He Zheng1, Qike Jiang1 and Renhui Wang1; 1Department of Physics and Center for Electron Microscopy, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China Olivine, pyroxene, troilite, plagioclase, chromite and Fe-Ni metal are identified by scanning electron microscopy in the Suizhou meteorite. Transmission electron microscopy on the iron monosulfide varieties reveals the intergrowth of primary 2C troilite and minor 4C pyrrhotite phases as nanometerscale domain microstructure. Moreover, anti-phase domain boundaries are found to present in the 2C troilite, and 60°rotation twinning is observed in the 4C pyrrhotite. In addition, the unit-cell intergrowth of clinoenstatite and orthoenstatite, and the polytypism of multiple periodicities are found in the enstatite. M10-07 142 Geological Age Dating of Rocks by Electron Probe Microanalysis: Seok Hoon Lee1 and Young Woo Kil2; 1 Korea Basic Science Institute, 2Korean Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resource The Pb-Pb and K-Ar isotopic analyses have been used for geological age dating of rocks. These are very accurate and useful methods, but need complex pretreated procedures. Electron probe microanalysis provides a more convenient method of mineral age dating through the determination of U, Th and total Pb contents. Samples for age dating were zircons and monazites from Precambrian granite and uraninites from carbonaceous black slates, South Korea. Electron probe microanalyses were carried out on operation conditions of 15 kV accelerating voltage, 50~100 nA beam current and 1~5 μm beam diameter. Reference materials of ThO2, UO2 and PbCrO4 were used for standardization. Three PET and one TAP crystals were used to analyze simultaneously U, Th, Pb and Y. The Y Lγ line superimposed upon a Pb Mα line was corrected by overlap correction procedure with simultaneous measurement of Y (0.2~4 wt.%) on another spectrometer. All X-ray intensities were measured through the pulse-height discriminator to remove specular reflection. Matrix effect correction was processed by PAP program supplied by the maker. The granite ages are estimated as 1,931±78 Ma, 1,587±58 Ma, 1,3101±60 Ma for zircons and 1,915±26 Ma, 1,5821±68 Ma, 1,302±53 Ma for monazites. The uraninite ages are calculated as 283±26 Ma and 281±27 Ma respecttively. These results mean that age dating using EPMA represents the same accuracy comparing with traditional Pb-Pb(1,920±56 Ma) and K-Ar isotopic method, and additionally shows the periods of other geological events after rock forming. M10-08 Structural Examination of Extremely Low Crystralline Mn Silicate Mainly by HRTEM and Cs-corrected STEM: J. Akai1, Y. Kawachi2 and D. S. Coombs2; 1Department of Geology, Univ. Niigata, Nishiku, Niigata, Japan 950-2181, 2Geology Department, Univ. Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand Varieties of manganese silicate are known, among them is a group of very low crystalline minerals; e.g., neotocite is a group of poorly crystalline manganese silicates with formula close to (Mn,Fe)SiO3.H2O, it grades into hisingerite. A ferric kaolinite, yofortierite is a hydrous Mn silicate with structural formula Mn5Si8O20(OH)2 n(H2O). New type of such poorly crystalline manganese silicate is found from Woods mine, New South Wales, Australia. Mineral assemblage consists of many manganese minerals (e.g., [1-3]). A new manganese silicate whose detailed characteristics are to be described in another paper (Kawachi et al., in preparation) is examined using HRTEM and Cs-corrected STEM. The mineral occurs as milky white mass with apparent well developed cleavage changing to brown colour overnight when exposed to the atmosphere, typically in contact with bands consisting largely of serandite with quartz. In this paper, only structural characteristics examined by HRTEM and Cs-corrected STEM are described. Cs-corrected STEM - HAADF images can achieve less than 2 Å spatial resolution through contrast transfer function extending higher frequencies and so is a powerful tool to examine nano-scale structures in mineralogy. M10-09 M-11) Applications to Materials Science and Engineering Organized by Chan Gyung Park Microstructure and Bonding Strength of SUS303SUS304 and SUS303-Cu Vacuum Brazed by BNi Filler Metal: I.H. Oh, S.H. Chang and J.C. Choi; Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Gwangju Research Center The current status of the x-ray microscope at 1B2 beam line of PLS will be introduced. M11-19 Fabrication of the Advanced Nano Probe for Electrical Applications Using Individual Nanowire: Jong-Hyun Seo1, Sang-Won Yoon1, Jae-Pyoung Ahn1,* and Tae-Yeon Seong2; 1Advanced Analysis Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hawolkok-dong, Seongbuk-ku, Seoul 130-650, Korea, 2Department of Materials Science and The Mechanical Evaluation of Calcium Phosphate Based Thin Films Using Wrinkle Phenomenon: Young-Kwang Lee1, Hyun-Jong Kim1, Seul Cham Kim1, Do Hyun Kim1 and Kyu Hwan Oh1; 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ku, Gwanak-ro 599, Seoul, Korea In this work, we assessed the elastic modulus of ultra thin Calcium phosphate (CaP) based films of various structures on polymer using the wrinkling analysis. The elastic moduli were varied with structure and composition in film. Relationship of chemical binding structure, microstructure and elastic modulus in the films were investigated by High resolution TEM and XPS. M11-22 POSTER THURSDAY TEM Study on Microstructure of Ni-based Coating Sprayed by High Velocity Air-fuel: Chaoqun Wu1, Min Liu1, Changguang Deng1 and Chunming Deng1; 1 Analysis and Testing Center, Guangzhou Research Institute of Non-ferrous Metals, Guangzhou, 510650, China It is well known that nickel-base self-fluxing alloys have lower melting temperature and better wettability because boron and silicon existed. Meanwhile they show high hardness because of chromium and boron. Now nickel-base self-fluxing alloy coatings are widely used in the field of thermal spraying for continuous casting molds and rolls due to their good wear resistance. HVO/AF (high velocity oxygen/air-fuel spraying) is a thermal spray technique developed rapidly in recent year. Although the mechanical properties of nickel-based selffluxing alloy coatings sprayed by HVO/AF are well known[2,3], but the microstructures have not been fully analyzed. M11-20 Engineering, Korea University Anam-dong, Seongbukku, Seoul 136-701, Korea Recently, electronic devices have been supported by the nano science such as the large-scale integration or architecture of small features. The key issues in semiconductor industry are focused on making the device under several tens nanometer with high performance and measuring its electrical properties. Therefore, the advanced nano probe for measuring the electrical properties of a nano-scale device should be developed. It is well known that tungsten (W) is a typical material for the nano probe. As the W-tip with nano-scale is easily bent by applying it on the device and leads to the high contact resistance due to small contact area, however, new materials for the nano probe applications should be required. On the other hand, many researchers have made their efforts for manufacturing the tip with nanowires and nanotubes, but those are limited for AFM or SPM applications.1-3 In this study, therefore, the advanced nano probe having high elasticity and low contact resistance was manufactured using various nanowires (ZnO, CNT, and SiC etc.) by focused ion beam (FIB, FEI Nova 600) and the mechanical and electrical properties of the nano probe was measured. M11-21 Synthesis and Characterization of Mutli-walled Carbon Nanotube/polycarbonate Nanocomposites: J. Ignacio1, R. Laude1, M. Mamauag1 and B. Basilia2; 1 School of Earth and Materials Science and Engineering, Mapua Institute of Technology, Intramuros, Manila, Philippines 1002, 2ORPC, Mapua Institute of Technology, Intramuros, Manila, Philippines 1002 This study aims to fabricate a technique to disperse CNT in the polycarbonate matrix. SEM micrographs show that the MWCNTs were completely dispersed in the polycarbonate matrix using the extrusion and two-roll mill melt intercalation techniques. However, it was observed that a more homogenous matrix was obtained using the two-roll 143 mill method. AFM analysis was conducted to further investigate the degree of surface roughness of the nanocomposites. M11-23 POSTER THURSDAY 144 Scanning Electron Microscope Observation of Channeling Contrast for Characterization of Dislocations in Metal and Semiconductor Materials: N. Kuwano1, M. Itakura2, Y. Nagatomo3 and S. Tachibana4; 1Art, Science and Technology Center for Cooperative Research, 2Department of Applied Science for Electronics and Materials, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan, 3 Central Research Institute, Mitsubishi Materials Corp., Ogawa, Shizuoka 410-1312, Japan, 4Yokohama Demonstration Laboratory, SII Nano Technology, Inc., Hakusan, Midori, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-0006, Japan Observability of crystalline defects by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was discussed. Three kinds of specimens were prepared: (1) Dendrites of crystalline silicon in amorphous Si, (2) Metallic aluminum plate bonded onto an AlN plate. (3) (Al, Ga)N thin films deposited on a sapphire substrate. Cross sectional planes of these specimens were mechanically polished without any etching. Ultra55 (Carl Zeiss) SEM with an angle-selective backscattered electron (AsB) detector was used to observe the channeling contrast in a conventional way. Sub-grain-boundaries and dislocations were clearly observed. The change in image contrast with the operating condition was also discussed. M11-24 Phase Separation of Ga and In-rich Bi-layer in InGaN Grown by MOCVD: J. Park1, S.I. Baik1, H.J. Kim2, S.H. Park1, E.J. Yoon1 and Y.-W. Kim1; 1 Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University San 56-1 Silim-dong Gwanak-ku, Seoul, Korea, 2School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 777 Atlantic Drive NW, Atlanta, USA InGaN has been broadly studied due to its promising optical characteristics covering from infrared to ultraviolet region. In this study, In-rich InGaN was epitaxially grown with Ga-rich InGaN layer and microstructure and morphology of InGaN/GaN layer was investigated. X-ray diffraction peaks of InGaN/GaN grown at 640 ℃ showed clear separation around 31.66° and 32.18° which indicate In-rich InGaN and Ga-rich InGaN, respectively; two different growth patterns were confirmed with scanning transmission electron microscopy; In-rich InGaN was only found under pyramidal Ga-rich InGaN cap layer which was confirmed from both cross-sectional and plan-view observation. M11-25 GaN Multipods Characterization by Transmission Electron Microscopy: Jong-Myeong Jeon1, Yuri Sohn2, Miyoung Kim1 and Chinkyo Kim2; 1 Department of Material Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Korea, 2 Department of Physics and Research Institute for Basic Sciences, Kyunghee University, Seoul, Korea GaN nanorods were grown by hydride vapor phase epitaxy. A themal cleaning of the substrate before deposition was employed to improve vertical alignment of GaN. Most nanorods were verically grown, but branched nanorods also were observed. It is presumable that a growth of the GaN multipods was influenced by the interface between GaN and substrate. We investigated the crystallographic relationships and composition of interface between GaN and substrate by transmission electron microcopy (TEM) in order to understand the origin of those two different kinds of growth (vertical nanorods and multipods that were made by branched nanorods). M11-26 Formation of Unstable K2CO3 Nanorods Using A Thermal Process: X. Qi and C. Pan; Department of Physics and Key Laboratory of Acoustic and Photonic Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China Potassium carbonate is widely studied as a vital raw materials in the field of inorganic chemical industry. However, few work is focused on its nanomaterial. In this paper, the K2CO3 nanorods have been firstly synthesized by using a thermal process. It is found that the crystal structure of K2CO3 nanorods are unstable under electron irradiation. M11-27 Low Temperature Grown of Carbon Nanocoils by Chemical Vapor Deposition: J. Zhang and C. Pan; Department of Physics and Key Laboratory of Acoustic and Photonic Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China In this paper, carbon nanocoils (CNCs) were synthesized by CVD using Ni nanocrystalline as a catalyst at the low temperature of 520 °C. When at a higher temperature, CNTs were not obtained. The experiment followed this process: firstly, Ni nanocrystalline was deposited on a copper substrate by a pulse electrodeposition technique; secondly, the substrate was put into a quartz tube of the CVD system whose temperature was gradually increased for 60 min to 520 °C under a Ar gas of 200 sccm, then C2H2 gas was added at a flow rate of 30 sccm for 5min; finally, the specimen was slowly cooled to room temperature after the process was complete. M11-28 A Study on the Morphology and Dispersion of Nano-precipitated Calcium Carbonate Reinforced Thermoplastics: J. Jagape1, J. Ignacio1, J. Gonzales1, B. Basilia1 and P. De Yro2; 1Mapua Institute of Technology, Intramuros, Manila, Philippines, 2College of Engineering, University of the Philippines, Philippines The purpose of this study is to investigate the morphology and dispersion of nano-precipitated calcium carbonate (NPCC) reinforced in thermoplastic resins such as PE (polyethylene), PP (polypropylene), and PVC (polyvinyl chloride). The results showed that the morphology and filler distribution in thermoplastics vary with the amount of incorporated NPCC. At higher filler content, the EDXS maps confirm the presence of large aggregates of NPCC nanofiller in the structures of the composites. M11-29 Ball-like Carbon Deposits Synthesize by Catalytic Combustion: Maofa Wang 1,2, Xiaoping Zou1,2,*, Fei Li 1,2, Jin Cheng1, 2, Hongdan Zhang1,2, Pengfei Ren1,2 and Guang Zhu1,2; Research Center for Sensor Technology, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing Key Laboratory for Sensor, Beijing, 100101, China In this paper, the synthesis of ball-like carbon materials by catalytic combustion technique was reported, in which acetone and ethanol were employed as carbon sources, nickel nitrate, nickel sulfate and iron nitrate as catalytic precursor, and copper plate and platinum filament as the substrate, respectively. The characterizations of the products obtained were performed using scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Carbon spheres have the similar morphology and all consist of carbon nanofibers. The formation mechanism of these spheres was discussed based on the feature of the experiment. M11-31 Synthesis of Carbon Nanomaterials by Catalytic Combustion Technique: Maofa Wang, Xiaoping Zou, Jin Cheng, Hongdan Zhang, Fei Li, Pengfei Ren and Guang Zhu; Research Center for Sensor Technology, Beijing Information Technology Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory for Sensor, Beijing, 100101, China This paper reports the preparation of Quasi-onedimensional nano-structured materials by catalytic combustion process. M11-33 Improvement the Mesoporous TiO₂Film for Dye Sensitized Solar Cell: Rung-Hua Yang, Siao-Ru Yu, J. J. Kai and F. R. Chen; Department of Engineer and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan This study aimed at improving the quality of TiO2 thin films used as working electrodes in dyesensitizedsolar cells[1] (DSSCs). We used the doctor blading method to deposit porous TiO2 films on FTO electrodes. The crystallinity and thickness of the TiO2 films were measured and compared, and their effects on the performance of the DSSCs were discussed. MT 11-34 The Optical Properties of the InAs Quantum Dots on GaAs Substrate: Chiung-Chih Hsu1,2, Ray-Quen Hsu1, Yue-Han Wu3, Jenn-Fang Chen4 and Mao-Nan Chang2; 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, 30056, R.O.C, 2Department of Nano Metrology, National Nano Device Laboratories, Hsinchu, Taiwan, 30078, R.O.C, 3Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, 30043, R.O.C, 4Department of Electrophysics Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, R.O.C. Our studies showed that increasing the nitrogen (N) content in InGaAs quantum well(QW) will extend the emission wavelength of InAs QDs. The nitrogen atoms were doped into InGaAs QW to produce GaAs/ InGaAs(N) / InAs /GaAs structures. The structures were characterized by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and photoluminescence (PL). Besides, the lower PL intensity of InAs QDs in InGaAsN QW attributes to strain relief between InGaAsN QW and InAs QDs so that POSTER THURSDAY Studies on the Water-Soluble Fluorescent CdSe QDs and Their Application in Fingerprint Display: Y.C. Yu1, Z.X. Shi1, Y.X. Shi1, J.J. Yang1 and J.J. Liu1; 1 Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, Beijing, China A water-soluble CdSe Quantum Dots (QDs) solution was prepared under refluxing conditions by using Se, Na2SO3 and CdCl2 as precursors and mercaptoacetic acid as modifiers that can be applied in the fingerprint displays on the surface of smooth objects. The XRD, HRTEM and fluorescent spectra were employed to characterize these samples. It is found that the CdSe QDs with crystalline size of 2-3 nm are homogeneously distributed in the organic matrix. The fingerprint details on the surface of smooth objects were clearly displayed with QDs solution under irradiation of UV lights. M11-30 Defocus Contrast Image of Hexagonally-Ordered Mesoporous Material: Nakahara shoshei; Materials & Surface Science Institute, University of Limerick Defocus contrast images of hexagonally-ordered mesoporous silica material were investigated using transmission electron microscopy. Through defocusing, the images of these materials were found to show strong phase contrast. These images were compared with computer image simulation. M11-32 145 the InAs QDs size in InGaAsN QW become bigger, which pro- duces more desirable optical properties. M11-35 In-situ Observation on Phase Transformation of Metastable Intermetallic Phase to Stable Austenite in Fe-Ni-X (Mn, Ti) Alloys: Yoon-Uk Heo1, Masaki Takeguchi1, Hu-Chul Lee2 and Kazuo Furuya1; 1High Voltage Electron Microscopy Station, National Institute for Materials Science, Sakura 3-13, Tsukuba 305-0003, Japan, 2Department of Material Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Sillim-dong San 56-1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-744, Korea Precipitates in the conventional maraging steels plays an important role to increasing mechanical strength. However, there were reports that some particles brought a serious grain boundary embrittlement in the early stage of aging by precipitating at the grain boundaries. After extended aging, the strength of grain boundary increased by changing of this particle to austenite at the grain boundaries. To understanding the transformation mechanism of metastable intermetallic phase to stable austenite, in-situ heating observation using a TEM was conducted. Phase contrast and GIF energy filtered imaging were used to identifying phase transition. M11-36 POSTER THURSDAY Atomic Arrangement Characterization of Smaller than 10 nm Copper Nanoparticles Produced by Cluster Beam Deposition: H.-S. Seo1, I.-S. Kang1, J.-H. Kim2, T.-Y. Lee2, J.-M. Yang1, W.-J. Hwang1 and C.-W. Ahn1; 1Advanced Technology Center for Information Electronic Materials and Components, National Nanofab Center, Daejeon 305-806, Korea, 2 Advanced Material Engineering, Hanbat National University Daejeon 305-719, Korea Nanoparticles have unique catalytic, optical, and electronic properties. These properties are strongly dependent on the atomic arrangement and size of the nanoparticles[1]. Copper nanoparticles were fabricated by inert-gas condensation on a sputtering reactor[2]. The lattice structure and diameter of the copper nanoparticles were determined by mass spectroscopy, and confirmed by electron microscopy techniques. The chemical composition was analyzed by energy dispersive spectrometer. From these measurements, we confirmed that the nanoparticles were controlled by the atmosphere on the condensation chamber, the magnetron power, and the length of condensation zone. The monodispersed nanoparticle can be obtained in diameter of smaller than 10nm. M11-37 Observation of Photoluminescence Using nearfield Probe with Various Metal-coating Thickness: 146 Wan Bak1, Hanaul Noh1, Yasuhiko Arakawa2 and Wonho Jhe1; 1Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea, 2 Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan Near-field Scanning Optical Microscopy (NSOM) overcomes the diffraction limited resolution of the conventional optical microscopy and serves as a powerful tool. In the case of metal-coated fiber, the low detected signal is due to the low excitation or small transmission efficiency. To overcome this problem, it is necessary to increase the transmission efficiency by proper coating thickness and doubletapered probe. In this paper, using a double-tapered probe for the low-temperature NSOM, we examine the dependence of the transmission efficiency and coating thickness. We will show a low-temperature photoluminescence (PL) image of self-assembled InAs Quantum Dots (QDs) by using NSOM. M11-38 Molecular Imaging and Photothermal Therapy of Cancer Cells Using 'Smart' Gold Nanoparticles: Ju Taek Nam, Nayoun Won and Sungjee Kim; Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science & Technology, San 31, Hyojadong, Namgu, Pohang, Korea We have designed ‘smart’ gold nanoparticles for photothermal therapy, followed their mechanism via microscopic techniques, and demonstrated their therapy efficacy by cytotoxicity studies of HeLa cells. M11-39 Some Aspects of Obtaining of Nanostructural Systems Based on Diblock-copolymers: V. Kudyshkin, N. Vokhidova, S. Fazylova, S. Yugai and S. Rashidova; The Institute of Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 100128, A.Qadyri St, 7b, Tashkent, Uzbekistan In order to obtain a film polystyrene (PS) and polybutyl methacrylate (PBMC) were used as well as diblock copolymers created on their basis. Electronic and microscopic researches of mechanical blends based on PS and PBMC with different ratio of components were carried out. M11-40 HAADF-STEM Studies of the Bimetallic Pt-Au Catalysts Supported on ZnO/Al2O3 by Incipient Wetness Impregnation Method: Ki-Joong Kim1, Jong-Che Park2 and Ho-Geun Ahn1; 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Sunchon National University, 315 Maegok-dong, Suncheon 540-742, Jeonnam, Korea, 2Technical Research Laboratories, POSCO Gwangyang Works, Gwangyang 545-090, Jeonnam, Korea Bimetallic Pt-Au catalysts supported on ZnO/Al2O3 were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation method (IW-IMP), and particle size and catalyst component were obtained during high-angle annular dark field (HAADF) imaging in the scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) mode and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) line mapping, respectively. M11-41 M-12) Memorial Symposium of Professor K. H. Kuo Organized by Y.W. Kim Basal Plane Dislocation: A Deleterious Defect in UV-LED: P.F. Yan and M.L. Sui; Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China M12-16 Three Groups of Hexagonal Phases and Their Relation to the i-phase in Zn-Mg-RE Alloy: M. ingrunR. Li, Sven. Hovmöller and Xiaodong. D. Zou; Structural Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden M12-17 Cluster-plus-glue-atom Model and Composition Rule of Quasicrystals: Chuang Dong; Dalian University, China M12-19 Quasicrystal in Devitrified (Zr65Al10Ni10Cu15)100-x Nbx Alloys: Yingmin Wang; Dalian University, China M12-20 L-01) Cryo-Electron Microscopy for Single Particles Organized by Kenji Iwasaki and Kuniaki Nagayama Convergent Beam Electron Diffraction Study on Si-Al Ordering of Albite by Energy Filtered Transmission Electron Microscopy: Young-Boo Lee1, Youn-Joong Kim1, Jung-Hoo Lee2 and HyangRan Mun2; 1Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejon 305-333, Korea 2Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Chonbuk National Univ., Chonju 561-756, Korea The fine variations in crystal structures during the transformation from low to high albite was successfully documented in this study through the observations of convergent beam electron diffraction (CBED) patterns using an energy filtered transmission electron microscope(EF-TEM). Seven Amelia albites were heated at 1100℃ for 7 days and seven heated samples taken at one day interval were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) to confirm the transformation into the high albite. The angular distance between the diffraction positions of (131) and (1-31) peaks, Δ(131) was monitored to confirm the transformation in XRD and selected area diffraction patterns (SADP) in TEM. The changes in crystal structures in the transformation of low-to-high albite are visible in γ* angle and it is most apparent in the TEM SADP patterns in the [001] and [10-2] directions. The optimum condition for the most effective observation of ultra-structural variation in POSTER THURSDAY Investigation of Defects in Polymorph B Enriched Zeolite Beta: Daliang Zhang1, Junliang Sun1,2, Sven Hovmöller1 and Xiaodong Zou1,2; 1Structural Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden, 2Berzelii Centre EXSELENT on Porous Materials, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden M12-18 Investigation of Nanosized Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agents by Cryo-Electron Tomography: Hung-Sheng Chen1, Chun-Ting Wang1, Jin-Sheng Tasi2, Xin-Yu Lin2, Dorothy Yan3 and Fu-Rong Chen1; 1Center for Electron Microscopy, Department of ESS, National Tsing-Hua University, HsinChu County, Taiwan (R.O.C.), 2National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, HsinChu County, Taiwan (R.O.C.), 3Molecular Imaging Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan County, Taiwan (R.O.C.) Cryo-electron tomography can successfully investtigate the texture of assembled SPIOs nano-particles uptake by phagocytes. TEM sample were fixed and processed by ultramicrotome. We have investigated the commercial SPIOs contrast agent (Resovist, Schering corporation) by cryo-electron tomography in the JEOL 2010F electron microscope. The acquisition angle of tomography series is from -50° to +60°, 2 degree interval, and the 3-D volume was then reconstructed by weight back projection (WBP) method. The average particle size is about 60 nm. The series of reconstructed slices in interval of 0.89nm along the Z-axis of single Resovist SPIOs are shown in Fig. 1 In this figure, nano iron oxide particles show lower intensities relative the the wrapping materials. And Fig. 2 is one zero degree BF image in larger field of view. Surprisingly, in the 3D visualization, Fig. 3, iron oxide particles show as pillar shape rather then spherical shape. L01-10 147 the CBED investigation was also documented in this study. An energy filtered TEM equipped with a cooling specimen holder, and a slow-scan CCD camera is essential for an optimum CBED observation in a research for minerals, and better results were obtained in this study with the accelerating voltage of 120 keV, the C3 aperture of 37μm, the probe size of 25μm, and the exposure time of 3 seconds. These conditions are calibrated to obtain the best photographs minimizing specimen damage by the irradiation of electron beam. The CBED pattern from the [418] direction which is obtained by tilting of 6.7˚ from the [102] direction is useful to identify the structural variations by observing the changes in HOLZ lines of albite. Many of the HOLZ lines in the CBED patterns of albite can not be indexed because the computer programs developed up to date are not accurate enough for the low symmetry crystal structure of albite. XRD patterns of intermediate albite do not show the changes in Δ(131). However, the HOLZ line in the CBED observation demonstrates continuous changes in the crystal structures of low, intermediate and high albite according to the heating time. The systematic characterization of the detailed changes in crystal structures of albite that occur during the transformation from low to high albite became possible through the observation of HOLZ lines in CBED. The result of this study can be applied in the study on the formation and transition of the most rocks in geological environment. L01-11 POSTER THURSDAY 148 Development of Electron Tomography Systems Integrated with our Developed Image Analysis Environment, Eos: T. Yasunaga1, R. Goto1, M. Imamura1, A. Matsuura1, R. Murayama1, H. Niina1, Y. Takimoto1, K. Iwasaki2 and A. Miyazawa3; 1 Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 680-4 Kawadu, Iizuka, Fukuoka, 820-8502, Japan, 2Research Center for Structural and Functional Proteomics, Institute for Protein Science, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka 565-0871, Japan, 3Structural Physiology Research Group, RIKEN Harima Institute Research Promotion Division 1-1-1, Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan Electron computed tomography (ECT) is one of the most powerful techniques to elucidate the structure and architecture of proteins and their comLexes, in vitro, in vivo, and in situ. Recently many reports using the ECT have been published to elucidate the architecture of the protein assemblies in cells, such as actin cytoskeleton, flagella, organelles, etc. The spatial resolutions, however, are too limited to observe the protein structure and dynamics, which is due to electron damages, image analysis limitation for low SN ratios etc. and the improvement are strongly desirable. Thus, we also have developed new systems for electron tomography, which is integrated with our developed image analysis system, Eos (Extensible object-oriented system). L01-12 A New Protein Labeling Technique Using Genetically Encoded Metallothionein Tag for Electron Microscopy: Nishino Yuri; RIKEN Springs-8Center, Harima Institute, Japan The detection of proteins by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) frequently relies on negative staining and/or immuno-gold labeling, but these techniques are limited. We developed a genetically encoded tag consisting of 3 repeats of metallothionein (3MT) and fused it with 14-mer protein GroEL (GroEL-14(3MT)). Cd2+-bound GroEL-14(3MT) was detected by TEM in the absence of negative staining on a carbon grid, and the particle densities of GroEL-14(3MT) were much greater than those of untagged GroEL in vitreous ice. Our data indicate that the 3MT tag provides a promising TEM method of allowing the detection of proteins. L01-13 DNA Nanostructures Visualized by Cryo-EM: Kato Takayuki; Osaka University, Japan We present a 3D image reconstruction by electron cryomicroscopy (cryoEM) of a 7 nm tetrahedron self-assembled from four strands of DNA. This is the smallest 3D nanostructure made by DNA selfassembly and the smallest molecule (78 kDa) for which 3D image reconstruction has been carried out to date by cryoEM. We have achieved 12 Å resolution, sufficient to resolve the structure of the DNA helix and to discriminate between two structurally similar diastereomers, demonstrating that cryoEM is an indispensable tool for the characterization of 3D nanostructures designed to be self-assembled from biomolecular components. L01-14 L-04) Plasma-Membrane and Cell-Organelles Societies Organized by Hyesung Jeon and Nobuhiro Morone The Loss of Cox 5a, 5b or 6b Gene Expression Leads to Mitochondrial Dysfunction in the Mouse Early Embryos: Nam-Hyung Kim1, Xiang Shun Cui1, Young-Jun Han1, Won-Kyu Kim2 and Jung-Kyun Kwon3; 1Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Korea, 2Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, 3 Department of Electron Microscopy Laboratory, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, 133-791, Seoul, Korea Confocal microscopy showed that the number of mitochondria in siRNA treated blastocysts was greatly reduced and appears morphologically abnormal. Electron micrographs showed morphological differrences of mitochondria in blastocysts from both bufferinjected and Cox5b siRNA-injected. Whereas oval or Leomorphic shapes of mitochondria are observed in blastocysts following buffer injection, abnormal or absent mitochondria are observed in blastocysts following Cox5b siRNA injection. L04-07 Microtubules and Nuclear Dynamics in the Pig Nuclear Transferred Oocytes: Nam-Hyung Kim1, Xiang Shun Cui1, Young-Jun Han1, Jung-Hoon Lee2 and Jung-Kyun Kwon3; 1Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Korea, 2Department of Science & Education, KyungNam University, Masan, Korea, 3 Department of Electron Microscopy Laboratory, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, 133-791, Seoul, Korea In this study we determined microtubule and nuclear dynamics in porcine oocytes following nuclear transfer with porcine fibroblast cell using indirect immunocytochemistry and transmission electron microscopy. In addition, DNA synthesis was also determined in the reconstructed oocytes during nuclear remodeling. L04-09 L-05) Immunocytochemistry and Histochemistry Organized by Soo Jin Kim, Jin-Woong Jeong and Hee Chol Kang Ultrastructure of a Neural Culture Persistently Infected with West Nile Virus: S.C.C. Chiang1 and M.L. Ng1; 1Department of Microbiology, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, MD4 01-04, 117597 Singapore West Nile virus is an emerging disease that has swept throughout the northern hemisphere and has infected more than 24,000 peoLe in the United States from 2002 to 2007. One of the characteristics of this viral infection is its neuroinvasiveness. We investigated this phenomenon on neural primary cultures to determine the type of neural cells that can get infected with the virus as well as the growth curve of the virus in such a mixed culture. Embryonic BALB/c mice at day 10 or 19 were sacrificed and the brains dislodged into a single cell suspension before plating onto T25 flasks. West Nile virus (Sarafend) was used for infection at MOI of 10. Sample supernatants harvested at every 24 hours were used for virus quantification by plaque assay. At the end of three weeks, flasks that still showed levels of viremia was scraped and processed for electron microscopy. It was observed that one strain of mouse adapted virus could persistently infect the neural cell mix and consistently gave out a PFU level of 103 to 104 even after the media was changed. We further investigated this strain by labelling the primary culture before and after infection with various POSTER THURSDAY Benzothiazolylphenol–substituted Ketoester (TP KE) Showed a Fluorescent Signal in a Single Mitochondorion of Sea Urchin Sperm: Possibility of a New Fluorescent Probe: Makoto Kazama1, Masatoshi Tanimoto2, Akiya Hino1, Suechika Suzuki1 and Masakatsu Matsumoto2; 1Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, 2946 Tsuchiya, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1293, Japan, 2Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, 2946 Tsuchiya, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1293, Japan We show an experiment of fluorescent staining for sea urchin sperm with new fluorescent substrates benzothiazolylphenol-substituted ketoester (TPKE). TPKE staining showed a fluorescent signal in the midpiece that was a mitochondrion. Higher fluorescent signal was obtained by 1-10 μg/mLTPKE staining in normal artificial seawater. The fluorescence decreased in acidic seawater that was a preventive condition of respiratory activity. The presence of a respiratory inhibitor, antimycin A or uncoupler, carbonyl cyanide p-rifluoromethoxyphenyl-hydrazone showed faint or no fluorescence. According to these results, TPKE would be an indicator of a mitochondrion in sea urchin sperm. L04-08 Detection of Reactive Oxygen Species from Sea Urchin Sperm during the Change of Their Respiration: Makoto Kazama, Yuko Yamada, Suechika Suzuki and Akiya Hino; Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, 2946 Tsuchiya, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1293, Japan In this study, it was demonstrated that the respiratory activity and motility were related to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in sea urchin sperm. Using two ROS indicators 5-(and-6)chloromethyl-2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate, acetyl ester (CM-H2DCFDA) and aminophenyl fluorescein (APF), we detected ROS production in sea urchin sperm after the activation of motility and respiration. Since the ROS production was sensitive to antimycin A which is an inhibitor of respiratory chain, there is a close relationship to mitochondrial respiration. It is quite likely that the ROS production is regulated through in mitochondrial activity in sea urchin sperm. L04-10 149 antibodies against neurons, oligodendorcytes, and astrocytes to determine the cell type that the virus preferentially infects as well as the cell types that are resistant to infection. Electron microscopy was also performed to determine the ultrastructure of the persistently infected cells to evaluate the virus growth mechanism, which allows for the virus to be continually produced but not causing cell death. We have used infected A172 glial cell line as a control specimen for comparison against the infected neural cells. L05-28 POSTER THURSDAY 150 A Comparison of β-cell Structure and Insulin Distribution Pattern between Intraportal and Kidney Subcapsular Islet Transplantation: Byoung-Hoon Min1, Byoung-Geun Kim1, Jong-Yeon Lim1, Hyun-Ju Han1, Soo-Jin Kim2 and Jun-Seop Shin1; 1Korea Islet Transplantation Institute, Inc., School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-701, Korea. 2Deparment of Life Sciences, Hallym University, 1 Okchon-Dong, Chunchon, Kangwon-do 200-702, Korea. Islet transplantation can normalize blood glucose level and thus prevent devastating complications of type 1 diabetes. Various transplantation routes have been developed to ensure the integrity of the pancreatic islet transplantation. For example; kidney subcapsule, intraportal or spleen. In this study, beta-cell structure and insulin distribution patterns were compared 3-month after islet transplantation between via intraportal and kidney subcapsular routes by histological, histochemical, and electron microscopical methods. L05-29 Expression of Toll-1 Receptor in the Gills of the Pacific White Shrimp Penaeus (Litopenaeus) vannamei Infected by Yellow-Head Virus: R. Poonkhum1, G. Anantasomboon2, W. Pradidarcheep1 and B. Withyachumnarnku3; 1Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand, 2Anatomy Unit, Faculty of Science, Rangsit University, Pratumtani, Thailand, 3 Centex Shrimp Chalerm Prakiat Building, Floor 4, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, 3Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand It has been postulated that Toll receptors, which are pattern recognition receptors on the cell surface, are involved in defense mechanism against pathogens in invertebrates. In this study, we describe a semi-quantitative expression of Toll-1 receptor in the gills of yellow head virus (YHV)-infected Pacific white shrimp Penaeus (Litopenaeus) vannamei. The shrimp were experimentally infected with YHV by intramuscularly injection of a solution containing YHV, and they were monitored for two weeks; most of them died while some survived. Expression Toll-1 transcripts in the gills, as revealed by specific reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, were up-regulated in the one-day YHV-injected shrimp. The up-regulation was also observed in the moribund shrimp that were infected with YHV by co-habitation with YHV-infected shrimp. Those that survived the infection had the expression comparable to the control level. The presence of Toll-1 receptors in the gills was also shown by in situ hybridizations using Toll-1 specific DNA probes, and positive reaction was observed in the pillar cells of the gills; the reaction was more intense in the one-day YHV-injected and moribund shrimp, compared to that of the control. The response of Toll-1 receptor expression to YHV infection suggests that the receptors may be involved in the defense mechanism of P. vannamei against the pathogen. L05-30 The Efficiency of Curcumin in Pancreas of Diabetic Mice, Emphasizing on Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Cellular Localization: V. Anupunpisit1, M. Chanpoo2, T. Sawatpanich1, B. Panyarachun1 and H. Pretpiboonthai1; 1Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand, 10110, 2Department of Anatomy, Pramongkutklow Collage of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand, 10400 Diabetic microvascular complication is considered to be influenced by the increase of angiogenic factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), as a response to both ischemia and hyperglycemia. In order to study the expression of cellular VEGF related to pathological angiogenesis in the pancreas, diabetic mice were treated with curcumin. The pharmacological activities of curcumin have been exhibited antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticarcinogen. Curcumin treatment can exert beneficial effect in diabetes, regarding preservation of pancreas and controlling pathological angiogenesis by expression of VEGF in the pancreatic islets. L05-31 Functional Analysis of Chondroitin Sulphate in Wound Healing: George W. Yip; Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 4 Medical Drive, Block MD 10, Singapore 117597, Singapore Chondroitin sulphate is a long, unbranched polysaccharide. Changes in sulphation patterns are known to influence its biological actions. To determine if these changes affect skin wound healing, human fibroblasts were cultured with chlorate, a glycosaminoglycan sulphation inhibitor. This led to a dose-dependent reduction in cell proliferation, which was prevented by supplementation with either chondroitin-4-sulphate or chondroitin-6-sulphate. However, the two chondroitin species had opposite effects on cell adhesion. In vivo, chondroitin species with different sulphation patterns were found to accelerate skin healing to varying extents, and increased collagen and VEGF expression. Together, the data suggest that chondroitin sulphate regulates wound healing. L05-32 Comparative Study of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Diabetic Mice Kidney before and after Curcumin Treatment: T. Sawatpanich1, V. Anupunpisit1, M Chanpoo2, B. Panyarachun1 and H. Pretpiboonthai1; 1Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand, 10110, 2Department of Anatomy, Pramongkutklow Collage of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand, 10400 Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an important mediator in maintaining normal renal function. It has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. The cellular localizations and comparative expression of VEGF in diabetic mice kidneys were studied before and after administration of curcumin. Therefore, VEGF may participate in the progression of the early stage of diabetic renal injury. As a results, treatment with curcumin significantly inhibited cellular expression of VEGF in kidney of diabetic group. It would be implied that curcumin has therapeutic potential to diabetic mice to maintain normal structure and improve renal dysfunction. L05-33 Cyclosporin-A initated Morphological Alterations and Expression of Aquaporin-1, 4, 5 and 8 in the Submandibular Gland in Rat: T. Saga and K. Yamaki; Department of Anatomy, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan This study examined the ultrastructural changes of rat submandibular glands after Cyclosporin-A (CsA) treatment. The localization of aquaporin (AQP)-1, 4, 5 and 8 was examined immunohistochemically. Dose-dependent morphological alteration was found in the submandibular glands. The localization of AQP-1, 4 and 8 existed in some kinds of cells except for acinar cells were slightly disturbed by CsA. However, the localization of AQP-5 in acinar cells was remarkably disturbed by low dose administration and disappeared in high dose administration. Two weeks after CsA treatment, the fine structures and the expressions of AQPs were almost restored. L05-35 Expression of M3 Muscarinic Receptor in Activated Hepatic Stellate Cells of Experimental Cirrhosis Induced by Thioacetamide: W. Pradidarcheep1, A. Norasingha3,4, U. Showpittapornchai1, S. Chunchaiyakul1, S. Jungudomjaroen1, K. Chayaburakul3 and S. Wattanasirichaigoon2; 1Department of Anatomy, and 2Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakarinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand, 3Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Rangsit University, Pathum-Thani, Thailand, 4Medical Diagnostic Department, Thammasat University Hospital, Thammasat University Rangsit Campus, Pathum-Thani, Thailand In liver cirrhosis normal hepatic tissue is replaced with collagen-rich extracellular matrix leading to hepatic dysfunction. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are pericytes of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells. Activation of HSC into a myofibroblast-like phenoltype (called transdifferentiation) is involved in several hepatic disease processes. The alpha-smooth muscle actin is a well known marker of hepatic stellate cell activation. Substantial evidence now shows that activated HSCs are the main matrixproducing cells and play an important role in the progress of liver cirrhosis. Quantitative analysis of HSC activation by immunohistochemistry has been shown to be useful in predicting the rate of progression of liver fibrosis in some clinical situations. In the present study, we could demonstrate immunochemically that the activated HSCs in thioacetamide-induced cirrhotic liver, which are immunopositive for alpha smooth muscle actin, express M3 muscarinic receptor but not M1, M2, M4 and M5. These finding suggest that M3 muscarinic receptor might be involved in triggering the POSTER THURSDAY Immunohistochemical Profiles of Tumor Biological Factors in Thyroid Tumorigenesis: Seong Jin Cho1, Mi Jung Kwon1, Eun Sook Nam1, Hyung Sik Shin1 and Soo Jin Kim2; 1Department of Pathology, Hallym University College of Medicine, 2Department of Biology, Hallym University This study evaluated comprehensively protein expression of multiple tumor biological factors in thyroid tumors and correlated with the clinicpathological factors. Tissue microarray paraffin blocks were prepared from 100 cases of thyroid tumors or tumor-like lesions, including 50 papillary carcinomas. By immunohistochemistry method, we examined expressions of multiple profiles of biomarkers, including MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-2, c-met, HGF, FAS, FAS-L, CD44, SPARC, p53, ki-67, c-erbB2 and galectin-3. Preferential expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-2, c-met, CD44 and galectin-3 of intense density were observed in papillary carcinoma in comparison to other kinds of tumors. SPARC expression of all intensity grade was significantly higher in follicular carcinoma than other tumors. As a results, various tumor biological factors may be associated with thyroidal tumorigenesis and tumor invasion. The combined immunohistochemical application of various biological factors may help in early detection as well as for determining the prognosis of malignant thyroid tumor. L05-34 151 intracellular signalling pathways in activated HSC leading to the production of collagen fibers. If this assumption appears to be true this mechanism may be of future interest in therapy of hepatic fibrosis. L05-36 Electron Microscopic Study of Cd-metallothionein-labeled PSD-95 in Primary Culture of Hippocampal Neurons: Y. Fukunaga1,2, A. Hirase1,2, H. Kim1, N. Wada1, Y. Nishino1,2 and A. Miyazawa1,2; 1 Bio-multisomeResearch Team, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Harima Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan, 2CREST, JST, Japan Recently, we demonstrated that the 3 tandem repeats of metallothionein (3MT), a heavy metalbinding protein, coordinating Cd2+ is useful as a genetically encoded tag for transmission electron microscopy (TEM). However, while individual proteins are not sufficiently electron dense for detection by TEM, the multimer of tagged proteins is discernible. Thus, proteins that multimerize or are enriched at subcellular locations are the most tractable. In this study, we examined the subcellular localization of 3MT-labeled postsynaptic density-95 (PSD-95) in culturing hippocampal neurons. PSD-95 is accumulated at the postsynaptic density (PSD) and is well known as one of critical factor for clustering and anchoring numerous proteins at the PSD, including N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. L05-37 POSTER THURSDAY L-06) Cells and Tissues Structures Organized by Eun Soo Kim, Byung-Kap Jeong and Toru Noda Changes in Apices from the Vegetative Stage to Flowering of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) under Different Levels of Water Application by SEM: S. Sirichaiwetchaku1 and Y. Manakasem1; 1 School of Crop Production Technology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology. 111 University Avenue, Muang District, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand. Tomato is an economically vegetable. The changes in apices from the vegetative stage to flowering under different levels of water using the SEM were examined. The CRD with 4 treatments and 15 reLications was set up. There was no significant effect of the treatments on any characteristic studied. However, tomatoes that were treated with the lowest water level flowered earliest when compared with the other treatments. The changes in apices showed vegetative, induction, initiation, sepals, petal, stamen and carpel. An examination of the flower initiation of tomato grown under water stress in the field using 152 SEM needs to be performed. L06-47 The Ultrastructure of X-bodies of Capsicum annuum Infected with Tobacco Mosaic Virus: Zubaidah A.H1, M. Yusoff 2 and R.Y. Othman2; 1 ElectronMicroscope Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 2 Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia An ultrastructural study was carried out on the infection of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) in Capsicum annuum, related to the mosaic symptom. The X-bodies, or viroplasm, or viral replication complexes, were observed occurring together with rodshaped virus inclusions in the cytoplasm. They were occurred simultaneously but located separately adjacent to each other. They were observed shorter and arranged randomly during the early infection and became longer and arranged in parallel to each other at a later stage of infection. It is believed these bodies are correlated with the virus replication and necessary to initiate rapid spread of infection. L06-48 Ultrastructural Study of Resident Macrophages Infected by Viruses of Picornaviridae Family: N.G. Plekhova1, L.M. Somova1 and V.S. Plotnikov2; 1 Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, 1 Selskaya, Vladivostok, 690087, Russia, 2Far East National University, Shukhanova 8, Vladivostok, 690950, Russia Our results have indicated the capacity of viruses of Picornaviridae family to adhere and to infiltrate into resident macrophages and the reproduction of Echovirus 11. Poliovirus had expressed cytopathogenic effect inhibiting cell the metabolism while other used enteroviruses on the contrary make more active synthetic processes in different degree. The formation of virus-inducted structures in cytoplasm of cells infected by these viruses, aside from poliovirus, was fixed. The appearance of virusinducted structures was indicated on the viral replication in determinate region of cell cytoplasmfabrics of viral synthesis. The most intensive formation of viroplasts, polyribosomal filaments and microfibrils were identified after 9 hours postinfection, and near its the virions formation were determined. Moreover, in the event the infection caused by nonenveloped virus the activity of synthesis of Echovirus 11 components in macrophages was more expressed, than in cells infected by Coxsackie B1 and 71 viruses. The RNA of Echovirus 11 was bound with ribosomes that expressed in form of polyribosomal filaments. L06-49 Ultrastructure and Biochemistry of Antennal Variable Pressure Scanning Electron Microscope with Micro-analysis Investigation for Trace Elements and Radioactive Contaminants in Green Turtles ‘Chelonia mydas’ Egg Shell, Yolk and Albumin Collected from Malaysia Coastal Beaches: C.G. Farid1, W.I. Wan Rosli, A. Siti Fatihah, S.S.J. Mohsin and I. Kamarruddin2; 1School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan DN, Malaysia, 2 Turtle and Marine Ecosystem Centre (TUMEC), Rantau Abang, Terengganu, Malaysia Chelonia mydas, commonly known as the dorsoventrally-flattened green turtle (Malaysia; Penyu agar) is a large sea turtle which now recognized as critically endangered by the Endangered Species Act (IUCN) and protected by CITES. This study hopes to provide and establish scientific information of this species by analyzing the eggs of green turtles collected within Malaysia coastal beaches using EDX microanalysis system integrated with VPSEM. VPSEM of the outer coat of the egg shell revealed a surface morphology that is formed by haphazard arrangements of crystallites structures. Ca, K, Mg, S and Cl were detected in the egg albumin. L06-51 An Early Light-Independent Phase of Chloroplast Development in Dark- Grown Euglena gracilis: T. Osafune1, H. Yamamoto2, K. Koizumi2 and N. Kiyohara2; 1Department of Life Sciences, Nippon Sport Science University, Yokohama, Japan, 2 Department of Sport Methodology, Nippon Sport Science University, Yokohama, Japan The objective of this study was to analyze the mechanism of conversion from heterotrophy to autotrophy using a unicellular alga, Euglena gracilis. Removal of organic carbon sources from the medium induces early steps of proplastid development, and nucleic acid transcription occurs regardless of the presence of light or darkness. L06-52 Effect of Galectin 1-expression on the Insecticidal Activity and Trichome Formation of Arabidopsis thaliana: S.J. Chen1, S.H. Wang2, L.L. Kuo-Huang1, and R.N. Huang3; 1Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan, 2 Department of Life Science, National Central University, Taoyuan 32054, Taiwan, 3Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan These studies showed that galectin-1 (GAL1, a mammalian β-galactosides binding protein) could interact with chtin (the structural elements of exoskeleton and peritrophic membranes (PM) lining gut epithelium in various insects), indicating chitin could be a ligand of GAL1. Moreover, the survival and body weight of Lutella xylostella fed on GAL1-transfected Arabidopsis clone were significantly decreased in a time-dependent manner. The ultra-structure of midgut was severely distorted and no PM formation in these insects. These results suggest that the insecticidal mechanism of GAL01 L06-53 POSTER THURSDAY Gland of the Black Tiger Shrimp Penaeus Monodon Reared under Different Salinity: S. Asuvapongpatana1, K. Wongprasert1, D. Buranajitpirom1, W. Weerachatyanukul1, W. Pradidarcheep2 and B. Withayachumnarnkul1,3,4; 1Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, 2Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand, 3Center of Excell- ence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotech- nology (Centex Shrimp), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, 4Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Ministry of Science and Technology, Bangkok, Thailand The antennal gland was the one of an important organ that control ionic regulation and body volume via the activity of an enzyme Na+/K+-ATPase. We hypothesize that the structure and activity as well as amount of protein of this enzyme should be different when rearing in the difference salinity. Alterations of the antennal gland's structure, Na+/K+-ATPase activity and its distribution were investigated in P. monondon being reared in different seawater salinities 7, 15 and 30 part per thousand (ppt). The histological features of the antennal gland revealed a coelomosac complex in the center surrounded by labyrinth cells. The ultrastructure of coelomosac was different in each group, especially in the cytoplasmic vesicles and well as podocytic processes. In the labyrinth found cell debris in the lumen especially, in 7 ppt. Using immunohistochemistry with anti Na+/K+-ATPase (both α and β-subunits), the α-subunitb of Na+/K+-ATPase was intensely reactive in the labyrinth cells especially in the 7 ppt, 15 ppt and 30ppt respectively while the β-subunita of Na+/K+-ATPase was rarely stained in all salinities. Immunoreactivity of this β-subunitb was also demonstrated by immunoblotting revealing the presence of a single immunoreactive protein with a molecular mass of 60 kDa. The activities of Na+/K+-ATPase were found to be 57.22±19.23, 55.44±18.13 and 46.68±21.70 μmole PO4/mg protein/h in the shrimp that were reared at 7, 15 and 30 ppt seawater, respectively. The findings correspond well with the farming experience indicating that P. monodon reared under low salinity (< 10 ppt) grow relatively slower than those reared under 15-20 ppt seawater. One possible explanation is that, in low salinity condition, nutrition may be converted more to energy spent for active osmoregulation rather than for growth. L06-50 153 Developing a Novel Telemedical System that Integrates Telemicroscope, Telepathological Database and Authentication Mechanism: J.M. Tsai1, C.J. Wang1, J.T. Lai1, Y.C. Shih2 and Y.S. Fu3; 1Department of Information Management, Kun Shan University, No.949, Dawan Rd., Yongkang City, Taiwan County 710, Taiwan R.O.C, 2Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science andTechnology, #43, Sec.4, Keelung Rd., Taipei, 106, Taiwan, R.O.C, 3Faculty of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, No.100, Shih-Cyuan 1st Rd., Sanmin District, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan R.O.C. In this study, we will introduce a novel telemedical system for teleconsultation that with three parts: the telemicroscope system, the telepathological database and authentication mechanism. The telemicroscope is controlled and displayed by Java clients and PHP for telepathology and teleconsculation. The pathological slide database could be applied to the problem-based learning for those courses like clinical histology, pathology and diagnosis training. L06-54 POSTER THURSDAY The Study of Kinetic Mechanism of CSPIO and Resovist MRI Contrast Agent with Phagocyte Using Cryo-TEM: Jin-sheng Tsai1, Hung-Sheng Chen2, Xin-Yu Lin1, Cheng Cheng Chiang1, Chun-Ting Wang2, Tzu-Chen Yen3, Hsiao-Yun Kuo3 and Fu-Rong Chen2; 1National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, HsinChu County, Taiwan, 2 Center for Electron Microscopy, Department of ESS, National Tsing-Hua University, HsinChu County, Taiwan, 3Molecular Imaging Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan County, Taiwan The structural evolution of CSPIO and the commercial SPIOs contrast agent with phagocyte is investigated by Cryo-TEM (JEOL 2010F). The kinetic of targeting drug is thought to be dependent of the toxicity (the dosage of drug) and the structure of the "drug". There are "drug" nano-particles stick on the side-wall of the "holes" in the cytoplasm. Statistically, the number of "hole" reduces and the size gets bigger. L06-55 The Primordial Germ Cells of the Giant Freshwater Prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii: N. Pakdeenarong1 and N. Nakkong2; 1Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, Thailand 44150, 2Central instrumentation Unit, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, Thailand 44150 The primordial germ cells (PGCs) are the progenytors of gametes. They are large comparing to surrounding somatic cells. Under the phase-contrast microscopic observation, the PGCs are a cluster at the animal pole of the yolky egg of the giant freshwater prawn. They can be seen on day 3.5 of the 154 embryonic stage and are better distinguished on day 5.5. They are large spherical cells compared to the surrounding somatic cells. The nucleus is very large containing 2-3 conspicuous nucleoli and the cytoplasm is granulated. The migrating PGCs on day 6 are found at the postero-dorsal part of the brain. They migrate along the coelomic membrane and reach their destination on day 10 and localized permanently at their site on day 15-16 of the embryonic stage. Morphology of PGCs in the developing hatching larvae is studied under light microscope in this study. The PGCs are found at the anterior of the heart in the hatching larvae. They are translucent and the nucleus contains prominent condensed nucleoli. They have not shown distinguish cytoplasmic proportion but shows numerous condensed chromatins in the nucleus. They proliferate at the anterior of the heart and then enter into the gonad sac that formed before. The primordial of the gonads in the prawn larvae have been distinct on day 7 of the larval stage. The germ cells in the primordial gonad are arranged in a single layer underneath the pericardium and some remain in the heart area. L06-56 Decomposition-Inhibition Effect in Grapefruit Seed Extract in Rat with Passage of Time: Kyu-Sung Hwang1, Ki-Ju Choi2 and Do-Seon Lim3; 1 Department of Funeral Science, 2Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, 3Department of Dental Hygiene,Eulji University, Gyeon-Ggi Province, 461-713, Korea The present study was performed to investigate the decomposition-inhibition effect and mechanism of grapefruit seed extract by measuring the gloss and microscope observation with passage of time. One group that do not treated by grapefruit seed extract named Control group and the other group that treated by grapefruit seed extract named experimental group. The results were as follows. Gross observation: 1. In control group, the decomposition and necrosis begin the Kidney, Liver and Muscles after 24 hours. Increase the decomposition, strong discoloration (turn pale in all) and strong smelly after 48 hours. After 72 hours, the decomposition and necrosis complete the whole tissue and do not observed the original morphology. 2. In experimental group, there were morphological change as same as control 0 hours group. After 72 hours, began the necrosis of tissue. And observed necrosis in most of the tissue after 96 hours. An Electron Micrograph observaiton: 3. Morphological Change in tissue was similar to control 24 hours group and experimental 96 hours group. Therefore, In experimental group, decompositioninhibition effect continued about 72 hours on 37℃ and humidity 80±5% conditions and protected necrosis. According to above results, the author suggest that grapefruit seed extract gas result in the decomposition inhibition effect by oxidation reaction on 37℃ and humidity 80±5% conditions. L06-57 Ontogeny of Ubisch Bodies and Tapetum Development in Amentotaxus formosana Li (Amentotaxaceae): C.-M. Hsu1, S.-Z. Yang2 and S.-H. Chen3; 1Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan, 2Department of Forestry, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Hseuh Fu Road, Neipu Hsiang, Pingtung, Taiwan, 3Department of Life Science and Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan The microsporogenesis of Amentotaxus formosana Li (Amentotaxaceae) was investigated for the first time by using LM, SEM and TEM. The tapetum began to degenerate at the free microspore stage and completely dissolved at the vacuolated microspore stage, suggesting that the tapetum of this plant is of a secretary type. The ontogeny and exocytosis of the Ubisch bodies were also observed. L06-58 Early Floral Development of Limonium sinense (Plumbaginaceae): G.-C. Lai1, H.-Y. Liu2 and S.-H. Chen1; 1Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan, 2Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 70, Lien-Hai Road,Kaohsiung, Taiwan Limonium sinense is a native perennial herb in Taiwan. Two types of pollen grains, which mainly differ in their exine sculpture on the pollen wall, were produced in different individuals. By using LM and SEM, we found that there was no significant difference in the early floral development between those individuals producing different types of pollen grains. The stigma morphology might be used as an L06-60 Structural Organization of the Mycorrhizal Fungi in Aranda Peter ewart - A Histochemical Approachv: Subburaman Senthilkumar1 and Susai John Britto2; 1 Department of Plant Biology and Plant Biotechnology, St. Joseph’s College(Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli 620 002, India, 2The Rapinat Herbarium and Centre for Molecular Systematics, St. Joseph’s College(Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli 620 002, India Fossil evidence indicates that the earlier association with plants leading to the idea that mycorrhizal fungi may have been instrumental in the successful establishment of the terrestrial plants (Senthilkumar, 2004). The mycorrhizal fungi are a heterogenous group of soil fungi that colonise almost all roots about 2,40,000 plant species to form symbiotic associations called mycorrhizas. Roots were collectted of Aranda Peter ewart was collected from the All Saints College, Trivandrum, Kerala. The thin root sections were subjected to different histochemicaland fluorescence methods (Krishnamurthy, 1999). Photographs were taken using Nicon microscope (E400) and TEM analysis was using the procedure provided by Yukeri Uetake and Peterson (1998). When the hypha comes into the cortical cell and form coils namely pelotons. The fungal pelotons forms major portion the colonised cell and undergo various cellular degradation by the host cell. The establishment of compatible contacts between the fungus and the root, their crucial role is for the deposition of newer molecules, nutrient transfer and signal exchanges between the partners. When the root cells are lysed, the host plasma membrane proliferates around the lysing pelotons. Apoplastic material is laid between this membrane and the fungal cell surface and a new interface is formed. The interfacial material surrounding intracellular hyphae is continuous and its morphology and composition changing during lysis process of the fungus. The nature of the interfacial material in the present studied species are positive to pectins, cellulose and ß-1-3 glucans which was found around the lysis of degenerated hyphae. But the former substances were not positive in the early stage of colonisation. The interface material was reacted very strongly with Acriflavin -Hcl which indicated the presence of acidic polysaccharides, acidic lipids and phospholipids. The cellulose slime layer was negative to cellulose, positive to aniline blue florescence and electron-luscent in TEM prompting them to be callose. The present study conclude that some novel clarifications concerning the importance of interfacial material laid down between the orchid species and fungal lysis. The presence of ß-1-3 glucans was revealed that suggest the morphological changes of the interfacial material are mirrored by changes in its composition and are POSTER THURSDAY Floral Development of Lagerstroemia indica L.: Y.-L. Huang and S.-H1. Chen; 1Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan Lagerstroemia indica L. (Lythraceae) has dimorphic stamens with six large anthers and numerous small ones. This study was done to elucidate the differrences in their microsporogenesis. The dimorphism of this plant was displayed not only in the stamens but also in pollen morphology and exine ultrastructure. In addition, the dimorphism was correlated with the differential maturation time of the pollen. L06-59 indicator for different pollen types. 155 developmentally regulated. Further study to be needed using other fluorochromes to understand the role matirx formation. L06-61 Visualization of Epicuticular Wax Structures of Strawberry Leaves by Electron Microscopy: Ki Woo Kim1, Jeong Joon Ahn2 and Joon-Ho Lee2; National Instrumentation Center for Environmental Management, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea, 2Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea Ultrastructural aspects of epicuticular wax structures were investigated in strawberry leaves by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Different types of wax structures were found according to the leaf surfaces. The most prominent epicuticular wax structures of strawberry leaves included platelets and coiled rodlets. On the adaxial leaf surface, the platelets were connected to the surface by their narrow side. They did not have distinct edges, and their width/height ratio varied. Measured approximately 200 nm in diameter, the coiled rodlets grew over the epidermis and often completely clothed stomatal guard cells on the abaxial leaf surface. L06-62 POSTER THURSDAY Ultrastructure of Rusty Roots in Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer: Lee, Kyoung-Hwan1, Seong-Sik Lee2 and Eun-Soo Kim1; 1Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea 2 KT&G Central Research Bio-resources Research Center, Suwon 441-480, Korea We investigated epidermal cells and cortical cells of rusty roots and healthy roots of ginseng with a trnasmission and scanning electron microscope. The most distinct difference between the rusty roots and normal roots is that the former has reddish spots on the periderm and gradually lose its total cells. The healthy periderm of root is usually consisted of 5 to 8 cork cell layers. However, the periderm of light and medium damaged roots has 15 to 20 cork cell layers because the cork cambium actively produce more cell layers toward the outside. Highly damaged roots are shown severely destroyed periderm, cortex, and pith. To replace the detached periderm cortical cells are often rapidly transformed into the periderm-like cells. Using Energy Dispersive X-ray(EDX) it was revealed that irons were positively present on the reddish spots of lightly damaged roots, while they were not in any cells of the healthy roots. It is not still clear that how and why the disease developed although some virus-like structure have commonly been observed on the cortical cells. L06-63 Fluorescence Microscopic Study of Glyco-conjugates on Bast Fibers of Cannabis sativa L.: Won-Kyun 156 Choi2, Sang Eun Lee1 and Eun Soo Kim1; 1Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea, 2Division of Applied Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea This study is to determine the distribution of specific glycoprotein in secondary cell wall of bast fibers in hemp. Lectins are often useful tools for detecting the surface polysaccharide of plant and animal cells. Owing to the high affinity of glycan regions of glycoproteins glyco-conjugates can bind to specific regions of cell surface. 7 fluorescein labeled lectins were used: ConA, DBA, RCA, PA, SA, WGA, and UEA. The results showed that only WGA and UEA can bind specific regions of bast fiber cell wall. WGA bound the primary cell wall of bast fiber and secondary xylem in woody core. However, UEA was just detected in secondary cell wall of bast fibers. This result suggests that UEA could play some important roles in formation of secondary cell wall in bast fibers, because plant lectins are commonly involved in cell extension and transportation of carbohydrates. L06-64 Ultrastructural and Cytochemical Studies on the Mechanism of Seismonastic Movement in Mimosa Leaflets: Sachi Marumo1, Hideyuki Nishikata1, Maki Fukada2, Maiko Kozuka2, Yumi Itoh2, Manabu Hayatsu2,3 and Suechika Suzuki1,2,3; 1Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Sceince, 2 Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, 3Research Institute for Integrated Science, Kanagawa University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1293, Japan To examine the ultrastructural change of motor cells and the role of Ca in the Seismonastic movement in Mimosa leaflets, we observed the abaxial side of tertiary pulvini at states of leaflet opening and closing, and applied a Ca cytochemistry using pyoantimonate method. In the motor cells, the tannin vacuole was flat in shape at leaflet opening state, while it changed the form to large globule at leaflet closing state. Linking with this structural change of tannin vacuole, Ca distribution in vacuole was also changed, indicating the significant role of Ca in regulating the motor cells. L06-65 Texture and Microscopic Properties of Adzuki Beans: S. Odake; Dep. Food Science & Technology, Nippon Veterinary & Life Science University Kyonancho, 1-7-1, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan Texture and microscopic properties of boiled adzuki beans (Vigna angularis Ohwi & Ohashi) cultivated at different two fields (A, Memuro in Japan; B, Washington D.C. in USA) were investigated. Sample B swollen more water and it became softer measured both mechanically and organoleptically. Each starch granule in cells of sample A remained and sections of gelatinized starch were clearly observed by SEM. On the other hand, starch granule of sample B got out of shape and gelatinized starch became layers containing vacant spaces, which caused to be softer properties compared with sample A. L06-66 The Effect of Water-soluble Chlorophyll on Rouleaux Formation of Human Red Blood Cells: B. Panyarachun1, V. Anupunpisit1, A. Ngamniy2, P. Satonyasuwan2, N. Intaratat2, S. Jungudomchareon2 and S. Chanpetch1; 1Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand, 10110, 2Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand, 10110 Rouleaux formation is found in healthy people and in multiple myeloma and macroglobulinemia. Then, surfaces transportation of gases, hormones, and nutrient are restricted. However, free radical is an important cause of increased rouleaux formation. Chlorophyllin has been studied in order to turn down free radical actions. Chlorophyllin, which is a semi-synthetic mixture of sodium copper salts derived from chlorophyll and termed as water-soluble chlorophyll (WSC), is used to study for its effect on the rouleaux formation. WSC has the efficiency to decrease the rouleaux formation within 45 mins. So, WSC may be used as supplementary dietary source for good health. L06-68 Ultrastructure and X-Ray Microanalysis Studies on the Leaf Snap-Shut Mechanism in Venus Flytrap: Manami Ono1, Yuko Hirose2, Nobuhiko Watanabe2, Nami Maeda2, Manabu Hayatsu2,3 and Suechika Suzuk1,2,3; 1Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, 2Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, 3Research Institute for Integrated Science, Kanagawa University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1293, Japan To examine the ultrastructural change of motor cells and the intracellular movement of Ca in those cells in Venus flytrap during snap-shut of insectivorous leaves, we observed the abaxial side of leaves around the midrib by light and electron microscopes, and carried out a cytochemical study using pyroantimonate method and the quantitative X-ray microanalysis of cryosections to detect the intracellular Ca localization and its translocation. Results indicate that the cells located just under the epidermis of abaxial side contribute mainly to leaf closure, and free Ca ions in the vacuole regulate the change of turgor pressure in those cells. Key Words: Venus flytrap, leaf snap-shut, X-ray microanalysis, cryosection, pyroantimonate method. L06-70 POSTER THURSDAY Coelomocytes of Malaysian Holothurian Stichopus hermanni Semper: Hawa Ismail1, L.L. Kong1, H.L. Hing1, Megat Radzi2 and B.H. Ridzwan3; 1 Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty Allied Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda A. Aziz50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 2Department of Pathology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Tenteram, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 3Department of Biomedical Science, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University, 25710 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia Under the light microscope coelomocytes from Stichopus hermanni Semper observed are hemocytes, lymphocytes, amoebocytes, morula and crystal cells. Ultrastructurally, nine types of cells were identified; the lymphocytes, 4 types of amoebocytes, 3 types of spheruled cells and morula cells. The lymphocytes were small and ovoid, each with an accentric nucleus. The amoebocytes present were apparently the most abundant cells observed in prebladder, bladder, transitional and filiform stages. Spherule cells consist of type A, type B, and type C, The morula cells are filled with spherical spherules. The matrix consists of a homogenous granular substance with a round central core of dark dense granules. L06-67 Electron Probe X-Ray Microanalysis Studies on the Gravitropism in Soybean Roots: Manabu Hayatsu and Suechika Suzuki1; 1Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, and Reserch Institute for Integrated Science, Kanagawa University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1293, Japan To examine the role of Ca and other ions in the response of gravitropism, we carried out the quantitative X-ray microanalysis of cryosections obtained from soybean roots grown under the gravity or simulated microgravity. In vacuoles of columella cells, the concentration of Ca and K ions were changed remarkably under the simulated microgravity. While, the amount of those ions was not changed in the cytoplasmic matrix. Results suggested that, in the vacuole of columella cell, Ca and K ions play a significant role to perceive the gravity, relating to the signal transmission in gravitropic response. L06-69 The Effects of Essential Oil of Acorus Calamus and Litsea Elliptica on Dengue Vectors: Shafariatul, A.I.,Hidayatul, F.O.1 and R Hasidah, R.B.1; 1Biomedical Science Department, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan raja Muda Abd Aziz 50300 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Both plants, Acorus calamus and Litsea elliptica have showed their properties as larvicidal against studied dengue vectors which were Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Acorus calamus was more effective as larvicid on Aedes albopictus. On the other hand, Litsea elliptica was more effective as 157 larvicid on Aedes aegypti.The reaction of the essential oil of Acorus calamus and Litsea elliptica have showed delayed mortality activities and morphological changes with aberrations on both vectors. L06-71 Pollen of Marcania grandiflora Imlay, Thai Endemic Plant: Yupadee Paopun1, Benchawon Chiwapreecha2 Pachongchit Poochinya1, Patcharee Umrung1 and Chaimongkol Kongpakdee1; 1Scientific Equipment Center, Kasetsart University Research and Development Institute, Bangkok, Thailand, 10900, 2Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Chonburi, Thailand, 20131 Marcania grandifloraImlay (Acanthaceae), Thai endemic plant, was collected from Khao Lorm Muak (limestone mountain), Wing 53, Prachapkhirikhan province in February 2008. This species is importantly used as anindicator for limestone and sandy soil habitat. Pollen morphology and ultrastructure were investigated with compound microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Pollen grain large with longest axis ranges from 55-57 µm. The pollentype is tricolporate with fossulate ornamentation. The pollen shape is prolate-spheroidal and sexine as thick as nexine. This result is used for basic reserarch of Acathaceae pollen and pollination. L06-72 POSTER THURSDAY Correlation between Bacteria and Fungi on Judo Mats: M. Nara1, H. Yamamoto2, K. Shibata2, N. Kiyohara2, K. Makimura3 and T. Osafune1; 1 Department of Life Sciences, Nippon Sport Science University, Yokohama, Japan, 2Department of Sport Methodology, Nippon Sport Science University, Yokohama, Japan, 3Institute of Medical Mycology, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan On judo mats, when the count of bacteria increased the count of fungi decreased, and vice versa, mirror image phenomenon was repeated, showing a correlation in their growth. In the raining season in June and July, the count of fungi markedly increased, while that of bacteria decreased. We were the first to identify this phenomenon. These results suggest competition between bacteria and fungi in nutritional intake from mats for growing and the action of an antibiotic-like substance produced by fungi. To clarify these phenomena, antimicrobial tests using fungal culture are underway with an electron microscope. L06-73 Meiotic Arrest mip40 is Required for Normal Morphology During Drosophila Spermatogenesis: Se Jin Park1, Kyung Eun Lee1 and Sung Sik Han1; 1 Graduate School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea 158 In Drosophila spermatogenesis, meiotic cell cycle progression and cellular differentiation are linked by the function of the meiotic arrest genes. Loss of function in meiotic arrest gene fail to undergo spermatid differentiation and eventually degenerate, leading to male sterility. Mip40 (Myb-interacting protein 40) is a new testis-specific meiotic arrest complex which involved in spermatid differentiation and mip40 mutant female had severly reduced fertility and mip40 mutant male were sterile. Using electron microscopy analysis, we examined the ultrastructure in testis of mip40 mutant Drosophila melanogaster. And we found the altered structure of testis in mip40 mutant. Our results indicate that Mip40 is a subunit in a testis-specific complex required for morphogenesis during spermatid differentiation and failure of arrest gene may be due to abnormal morphology during spermatogenesis. L06-74 L-07) Recent Progress of Functional Morphology of the Kidney Organized by Jin Kim and Kuniaki Takata The Effect of Renal Ischemia-reperfusion Injury on Intracellular Occludin Distribution: Su-Youn Lee1, Jin-Kim2 and Ki-Hwan Han1; 1Department of Anatomy, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, 2Department of Anatomy, Catholic University school of Medicine, Seoul, Korea Occludin is the first identified integral tight junction protein that plays an important role in renal epithelial cells. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of renal ischemic injury on the intracellular distribution of occludin. Ischemiareperfusion injury was induced by clamping both renal pedicles for 30 min and animal were sacrificed at 6hr after the reperfusion. Kidney tissues were processed for light and electron microscopy. In sham-operated control kidney, strong occludin immunolabeling was observed in the apical domain of the thick ascending limb, distal convoluted tubule, connecting segment, collecting duct, and papillary surface epithelial cells. The glomerulus and proximal tubule showed negative or very faint immunoreactivity. In kidneys with IR injury, occludin labeling lost the polarity and localized diffusely in the cytoplasm in damaged collecting duct cells. Double immunolabeling and electron microscopy demonstrated that the collecting duct damage was specific to type A intercalated cells, but not principal cells. There were no detectable tubular damages and occludin disruption in the thick ascending limb in the outer medulla. These results suggest that occluding is a critical tight junction protein in collecting duct epithelium and its disruption may be contribute to cell-specific damage in ischemic renal injury. L07-08 The Abundance of TonEBP Transcription Factor May be Regulated by Urea and Sodium Chloride in the Renal Inner Medulla.: Yu-Mi Kim1, Jin Kim2, Janet D. Klein3, Jeff M. Sands3 and Dongun Kim1; 1 Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 65-1 Geumo-dong, Uijeongbu, Gyeonggi-do, Korea, 2Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul, Korea, 3Department of Medicine, Emory University, 201 Downtown Drive, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322, USA During osmotic diuresis, the abundance of UT-A1 urea transporter in the inner medullary collecting duct is increased when urine urea concentration is low. Urea and NaCl are two major solutes in renal medullary interstitium. However, NaCl only causes hypertonic stress. In this study, we examined whether the changes in urinary solute composition during osmotic diuresis affect the abundance and intracellular distribution of proteins involved in tonicity and urine concentration; UT-A1 urea transporter in IMCD, CLC-K1 chloride channel in thin ascending limb, TonEBP transcription factor. L07-09 Expression of OAT1 and OAT3 in Differentiating Proximal Tubules of the Mouse Kidney: Jin-Sun Hwang1, Wan-Young Kim1, Eun-Young Park1 and Jin Kim1; 1Department of Anatomy and MRC for Cell Death Disease Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 505 Banpo-dong, L-11) New Phase Contrast Methods for TEM and Their Applications Organized by Kuniaki Nagayama and Youn-Joong Kim L11-10: see L11-03, L11-11: see L11-06 L11-12: see L11-07, L11-13: see L11-08 L11-14: see L11-09 L-13) Diagnostic Approach by Electron Microscopy in Medicine Organized by K. Y. Kwon Acanthamoeba spp.: The Scanning Electron Microscopic Study of Strains Isolated From Malaysia: A.G.M. Kamel1, D.C.Z. Suriani1, A. Norazah2, S. Normalawati1 and H.L. Hing1; 1Dept. of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abd. Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 2Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Acanthamoeba keratitis is a rare but one of the most severe and potentially sight threatening ocular parasitic infectious diseases and is recognized as the most challenging among ocular infections because of the protracted painful clinical course and frequently encountered treatment failures. Studies in Malaysia have shown an increase in incidence of the disease and this have prompted us to conduct a study on the morphology of the cyst isolated from the environment using scanning electron microscope. From our observation using SEM, the cysts of Acanthamoeba isolated from the water and soil conformed to Group 2 (Polyphagid) and Group 3 (Culbertsonid) respectively. Group 2 were representedby cysts with average diameter of less POSTER THURSDAY Proposed Mechanism and the Origin of Intercalated Cells in Rat Kidney Induced by Potassium Treatment: Eun-Young Park1, Wan-Young Kim1, Jin-Sun Hwang1 and Jin Kim1; 1Department of Anatomy and MRC for Cell Death Disease Research Center, College of Medicine The Catholic University, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul, Korea Potassium depletion induces hypertrophy and hyperplasia of intercalated cells (IC) and principal cells (PC), in particularly change of cellular composition of IC and increased cell proliferation. In contrast, potassium repletion induces regression of structural changes, and the decrease of cell number results from apoptosis. The purpose of this study was to examine the time course of changes in the cellular composition, the possible mechanism behind these changes, and the origin of IC in potassium-depleted and -repleted rat kidney. L07-10 Seocho-gu, Seoul, Korea Organic anion transporter 1 (OAT1) and OAT3 in the proximal tubules (PT) of the kidney play important roles in the elimination of a variety of endogenous substances, xenobiotics, and their metabolites from the body. We investigated the appearance and localization OAT1 and OAT3 in the differentiating PT in mouse kidneys. The S1, S2, and S3 segments of the PT were identified using antibodies to aquaporin 1 (AQP1), Na+-HCO3cotransporter (kNBC1), and AQP4. Kidneys from 13to 18-day-old fetuses, 1- to 21-day-old pups, and adult C57BL/6 mice were studied. L07-11 159 than 18um. The ectocyst and the endocyst are either close together or widely separated. The ectocyst may be thick or thin and is usually wrinkled or mamillated; the endocyst may be stellate, polygonal, triangular, or sometimes round or oval and usually does not have well developed arms or rays. The operculum, at the junction of the endocyst and ectocyst, is in a depression formed by the infolding of the ectocyst. While for group 3, the mean diameter of the cysts is also less than 18um but the ectocyst in this group is thin and is either gently rippled or unrippled. This study confirms that majority of Acanthamoeba species isolated from the soil and aquatic environment in Malaysia mainly belongs to the Polyphagid and Culbersonid group. L13-06 POSTER THURSDAY Ultra-stractural Characteristic of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 (HSV-2) on Vero Cell LineObserved by TEM: Nguyen Thanh Thuy1, Nguyen Thi Minh Lien1 and Nguyen Thi Thuong2; 1Electron microscopy Unit, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology (NIHE), Vietnam, 2Virology department, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology (NIHE), Vietnam Herpes simplex viruses (HSV-1, HSV-2) are classified within the genus Simplex virus, subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae. HSV-2 is a common cause of sexual disease. By transmition electron microscopy (TEM) observed virions is about 200nm in diameter and consist 4 structural element: core, icosahedral nucleocapsid, tegument surrouding the nucleocapsid and outer spike membrane or envelope. The multiplication of HSV-2 on Vero cell line was improved that HSV-2 fuses with the host cell membrane and capsids is releases into vesicles of cytoplasm. Viral DNA is synthesised and assemble with proteins in the nucleus of cell. Both DNAcontaining capsids and empty capsids are accumulated in nucleus like a crystal network.Virions mature when DNA-containing capsids acquire the inner nucleus membrane. L13-07 Can Dormant Helicobacter Pylori Change Into Healthy Bacillary Shape? - Morphological and Proteomic Investigations.: Sang Hoon Lee1, Chang-Hyun Park2, Hoon Jai Chun3,4 and Chang-Sub Uhm1; 1Department of Anatomy, 2Electron Microscope Facility, Medical Science Research Center, 3Department of Internal Medicine, 4Institute of Digestive Disease and Nutrition, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 136-705, Korea In this study, we investigated the morphological and protein changes of H. pylori in an extended period of bacterial culture. For comparison, we identified 4 time points related to bacterial growth: increase exponential phase, decline phase, dormant phase, and re-growth phase. H. pylori 26695 strain 160 was used for the study. A morphological change was observed by conventional scanning electron microscopy with S-4700 SEM (Hitachi, Japan). Two-dimensional electrophoresis followed by image analysis was used to compare the proteome patterns. SEM shows that the H. pylori in exponential phase are mainly of bacillary shape with multiple polar flagella as well known. Dormant H. pylori in extended cultures were mainly of round coccoid form without flagella. H. pylori in intermediate phases had intermediate shapes. Proteome patterns of H. pylori in different growth phases revealed by 2-D electrophoresis were different from each other. Our results show that bacillary and coccoid H. pylori are not only different in their shapes but also in the expression of proteins. This different expression of proteins according to the change of shape may be related to the reactivation of virulence from dormant H. pylori. L13-08 Possible Roles of Extracellular Matrix (ECM) in Phytopathogenic Fungus Magnaporthe Oryzae: K. Ikeda1, K. Inoue2 and P. Park2; 1Laboratory of Stress Cytology, Organization of Advanced Science and Technology, Kobe University, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan, 2Laboratory of Stress Cytology, Department of Agriculture, Kobe University, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan Spores and infection structures of the phytopathogenic fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae, are always accompanied with the production of the extracellular matrix (ECM). To understand the chemical components and the function of the ECM, the immunelogical and the biochemical studies were carried out. The ECM was characterized by fibrous and amorphous materials between the fungal cell wall and the plant cuticle. The ECM positively reacted with the antibodies of collagen VI, vitro- nectin, fibronectin, laminin and integrin-alpha3. The infection structures were effectively eliminated by treatment with collagenase. The lesion formation on wheat leaves inoculated with compatible strain Br48 and collagenase was greatly reduced. L13-09 Comparative Ultrastructural Study on Eosinophilic Variant of Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma and Renal Oncocytoma.: Young Soo Song1, Si-Hyong Jang1 and Moon Hyang Park1; 1Department of Pathology, Collegeof Medicine, Hanyang University, 17 Haengdang-dong, Sungdong-gu, 133-791, Seoul, Korea Eosinophilic variant of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (CRCC) is composed of intensely eosinophilic tumor cells with prominent cell membrane on light microscopy. The distinction between eosinophilic CRCC and renal oncocytoma is sometimes difficult, especially when tumor cells have eosinophilic cytoplasm and mild nuclear pleomor- phism. Two cases; a 32 year old woman and a 46 year old male, are discussed. It was possible to differentiated eosinophilic variant of CRCC and renal oncocytoma based on the ultrastructural analysis of the tumor with ancillary immunohistochemical staining. Electron microscopy has pivotal role in differential diagnosis between CRCC and renal oncocytoma. L13-10 POSTER THURSDAY 161 Author Index A Abe, E. Abe, K. Abe, M. Adachi, K. Aebi, U. Af, S.A.S. Agarwal, Ritesh Agemura, T. Ahn, Chi Won Ahn, C.-W. Ahn, Ho-Geun Ahn, J.P. Ahn, J.S. Ahn, Jae-Pyoung Ahn, Jeong Joon Ahn, K.J. Ahn, Na-Ri Ahn, Sang Jung Ahn, Tae-Hong Ahn, Tae-Young Akai, J. Akasaka, N. Akasaka, S. Akasaka, Satoshi Akase, Z. Akashi, Yuichi Al-Kassab, Tala’at Altrichter, Bernd Amiya, Kenji Amorsolo, Alberto V. Jr. Anantasomboon, G. Ang, Firzan Antosiewicz, J. Anupunpisit , V. Anuracpreeda, P. Aoki, S. Aoki, Yasuko Aono, S. Aoyagi, K. Aoyama, H. Aoyama, K. Aoyama, Kazuhiro Aoyama, S. Aoyama, Y. Apisawetakan, S. Arakawa, K. Arakawa, Kazuto Arakawa, Yasuhiko Archeep, Wisuit Pradid 33 64 109 126 56 44 63 72 60 63 9 101 146 146 112 26 95 96 107 130 143 156 26 56 8 103 57 104 129 142 82 104 111 12 131 83 125 126 81 21 33 66 150 52 49 150 151 157 42 114 20 36 54 22 51 131 55 139 130 115 140 23 132 146 124 Arima, T. Arslan, Ilke Asaba, Kensuke Asaka, T. Asakawa, Haruhiko Asuvapongpatana, S. Avdeev, M. Azian, A.L. Azuma, M. 66 52 77 66 83 37 114 153 138 40 100 B Baba, N. Bae, Dae-Chul Bae, Dong Sik Bae, I.-T. Bae, J.G. Bae, J.H. Bae, Jee-Hwan Bae, Yong Chul Bahri, A.R. Shamsul Bai, X. Baik, S.I. Baik, Sung-Il Bak, Wan Bando, Y. Bando, Yoshio Bang, Joona Bang, Woong Ho Barbillat, J. Barrero, A.V. Basilia, B. Basilia, P. Basu, J Bateman, K.S. Baumeister, Wolfgang Bautista, A. Bednarek, Sebastian Bellina, P.J. Bendersky, L.A. Ben-Harush, K. Bhowmick, S Bieling, P. Blackford, M. Blagojevic, N. Blavette, D. Bognalbal, Eufrecina B. Bohmer, D. Borisenko, K. Borisevich, A.Y. Borzsonyi, Gabor Bostel, A. Braet, F. Brémard, C. Brinzari, V. Britto, Susai John Browning, N.D. 22 99 88 33 26 100 96 38 13 45 144 97 104 132 146 23 45 46 12 111 96 25 37 18 143 145 21 64 69 1 21 35 42 23 68 72 64 71 138 138 65 66 122 79 5 19 65 80 25 67 155 57 58 Browning, Nigel Bunai, Fumihide Buranajitpirom, D. Burgess, S.R. Bustam, M.A. 90 37 153 66 138 Chen, Chun-Wei Chen, F.R. C Cadel, E. Cajuday, Lilibeth A. Cambie, R. Campbell, G.H. Cantoni, M. Cao, Guangyi Cao, M. Cao, Meng Carter, CB Castillo, N. Cerchiara, R.R. Cha, J. Cha, Y.H. Chaichanasak, P. Chairuangsri, T. Chaithirayanon, K. Chandrasekar, Raman Chang, H.J. Chang, B.S. Chang, Chia-Seng Chang, C.S. Chang, H.J. Chang, H.W. Chang, Mao-Nan Chang, S.H. Chang, Wei-Ban Chang, Wei-Hau Chanpetch, S. Chanpoo, M. Chao, D. Chao, David Chao, Der-Sheng Char, Kookheon Chavadej, J. Chavadej, Jittipan Chayaburakul, K. Chayasombat, B. Che, R.C. Cheah, P.S. Chen, C.C. Chen, C.H. Chen, Cheng-Hsuan Chen, Cheng Hsuan 65 70 18 57 58 98 62 129 130 131 64 137 9 37 105 69 28 115 70 34 119 120 121 18 6 87 110 63 145 95 143 118 18 157 150 151 117 119 97 111 49 114 115 69 115 117 124 151 65 83 40 136 11 79 108 141 142 44 136 Chen, Fu-Rong Chen, H. Chen, Hung-Sheng Chen, Jenn-Fang Chen, K.F. Chen, Kuei-Hsien Chen, Liangshan Chen, Li-Chyong Chen, Mukai Chen, Q. Chen, Qing Chen, S. Chen, S.-H. Chen, Shu-Fang Chen, S.-J. Chen, S.J. Chen, S.Y. Chen, Y. Chen, Yi-Cin Cheng, G.M. Cheng, J. Cheng, Jin Cheng, Yan Cheng, Y.C. Cheon, J. Cheong, S.-W. Chetanachan, P. Chi, J.G. Chiang, Chang Chang Chiang, S.C.C. Chikashige, Yuji Chiou, W.-A. Chiou, Wen-An Chiou, W.-L. Chisaka, S. Chisholm, M.F. Chiu, Wah Chiwapreecha, Benchawon Chmurzynski, L. Cho, H.D. Cho, H.J. Cho, H.K. Cho, Hye-Jin 136 6 18 87 133 136 138 141 142 145 45 79 89 100 136 147 154 98 147 154 145 79 141 142 136 96 136 36 61 68 117 155 84 86 153 107 79 136 6 31 135 14 98 145 81 63 23 134 108 107 75 10 154 149 37 13 8 86 118 30 72 158 50 82 55 63 91 163 Cho, Jinhan Cho, Jong Soo Cho, K.S. Cho, K.Y. Cho, N.-H. Cho, S.-P. Cho, Seong Jin Cho, Soo Hee Cho, Young Whan Choel, M. Choël, M. Choi, Byung-Kwan Choi, C.-J. Choi, Chel-Jong Choi, Eun Kyung Choi, J.C. Choi, Jinho Choi, Jong-Seo Choi, Ki Ju Choi, Ki-Ju Choi, M.S. Choi, S.-H. Choi, S.J. Choi, S.W. Choi, Si-Young Choi, Suk-Ho Choi, Sung Jin Choi, Won-Kyun Chomsang, N. Choy, Wallace C.H. Chu, F. Chu, Jinn P. Chu, Justin Jang-Hann Chu, Ming-Wen Chu, M.-W. Chua, K.B. Chuang, Dong Chuang, Hui-Fang Chun, Hoon Jai Chun, M.-H. Chun, Y.B. Chunchaiyakul, S. Chung, Dong Joo Chung, Dong yong Chung, E.Y. Chung, Hee-Suk Chung, Jin-Seok Chung, Sung-Yoon Chylewska, A. Cockayne, D.J.H. Colliex, Christian Conde, A. Coombs, D.S. Cornell, E.W. Costa, P. Cui, J.P. Cui, Xiang Shun Cytridiomycosis Group 12 112 97 56 121 46 10 151 124 59 107 25 48 28 62 11 119 124 95 105 143 8 96 119 154 75 89 75 95 47 135 121 156 28 62 63 101 52 136 11 8 147 89 160 37 94 151 124 125 121 63 103 107 134 135 44 24 47 50 79 43 137 142 18 45 105 148 149 68 D Dabrowska, A. Dai, Xinghong Daio, T. Danev, R. 164 50 71 24 19 Danev, Radostin Danisovic, L. Danzl, R. Dararutana, P. Das, J. Dato, A. De Guzman, Evelyn E. De Yro, P. Deboudt, K. Deconihout, B. Deguchi, M. Dehm, Gerhard Dekan, J. Deng, Changguang Deng, Chunming Doi, T. Dolzhikov, S.V. Downing, K.H. Drennan, J. Du, Chunsheng Du, K. Du, Wen Dutchaneephet, J. 18 19 71 122 22 107 34 7 41 145 48 65 96 59 94 126 143 143 84 110 18 31 90 30 31 61 107 E Earthman, J.C. Eckert, J. Eckert, Jürgen Egerton, Ray Ehara, T. Endo, Akira ENDO, Hirotoshi Endo, N. Engsusophon, A. Erben, Christoph M. Erni, R. Erwin, D. Espineda, Emmanuel M. Ezoe, Y. 13 34 109 19 43 114 20 139 112 116 73 7 132 41 118 F Fairchild, B.A, Faiz, Noraswana Nor Farid, C.G. Fazylova, S. Feltin, E. Feng, Songlin Fenniri, Hicham Feser, Michael Figarski, A. Fischione, P.E. Flament, P. Frangakis, A.S. Frank, L. Freitag, B. Frenkiel-Krispin, D. Frenklach, M. Fu, Y.S. Fujihira, M. Fujii, S. Fujii, K. Fujii, Y. Fujikawa, Akihiro Fujita, Toshiro Fujiwara, S. Fujiwara, Takahiro Fukada, Maki 10 89 70 153 146 98 81 19 44 50 9 48 71 139 6 9 72 7 154 25 25 105 14 71 77 111 51 156 Fukumori, K. Fukunaga, Y Furiki, Masanari Furukawa, H. Furutsu, Tadao Furuya, K. Furuya, Kazuo 106 152 20 54 90 53 54 57 63 81 130 132 28 146 Ge, B.H. Gerthsen, D. Gestmann, I. Gholinia, A Glaeser, R. Glaeser, R.M. Glynn, A. Golberg, D. Golberg, Dmitri Golichenkov, V.A. Gonoji, T. Gonzales, J. Goodman, Russell P. Goran, D Goto, R. Grandjean, N. Greentree, A.D. Griffin Roberts, K. Griffin, Brendan John Grudin, B.N. Gruenbaum, Y. Gu, G.H. Gu, Gil-Ho Gu, W. Gu, Weiwei Gui, Jianian Guo, H. Guo, Jun GUO, Xiao-hui Guo, Y.N. Guo, Y.Q. 41 128 18 68 67 137 80 20 22 78 18 20 103 127 18 71 45 46 123 105 145 73 103 148 98 10 5 22 110 72 11 62 45 45 100 103 110 135 40 67 107 H Ha, Heon Young Ha, Kwon-Soo Hagiwara, K. Haider, Max Hamamoto, C. Hamamoto, Chieko Han, Heung Nam Han, H.N. Han, Hyun-Ju Han, Jiande Han, Jung-Mi Han, Ki-Hwan Han, X.D Han, X.H. Han, Xiaodong Han, Young-Jun G Gairola, S. Galindo, P. Gamm, B. Gao, Min Gao, Q. Garcia, L. Gault, B. Gauvin, Raynald Han, M. Han, Mikyung Han, Min Han, S. Han, Sang Do Han, Sun Sik Han, Sung Sik 29 38 64 5 112 130 16 59 103 104 104 150 36 77 77 Hanna, P. Hanna, P.J. Hara, K. Hara, T. Haraguchi, Tokuko Harashima, S. Harikrihsnan, R. Hartel, P. Haruta, M. Hasanovic, S. Hasegawa, H. Hasegawa, Hirokazu Hasegawa, T. Hasegawa, Toshiaki Hashimoto, H. Hashimoto, M. Hashimoto, N. Hashimoto, XH Hata, S. Hata, T. Hatakeyama, Risa Hatano, M. Hayase, Masanori Hayashi, Taisuke Hayashi, Y. Hayashi, Yasuhiko Hayashida, M. Hayatsu, Manabu He, J.P. He, Jian HE, Kai He, L.L. Helmli, F. Heo, Won Do Heo, Yoon-Uk Her, Eun Kyu Hernandez, J.C. Herrera, Annabelle A. Herrmann, H. Hidayatul, F.O. Higashi, R. Higashida, K. Hillion, F. Hing, H.L. 158 63 14 33 110 67 74 35 71 74 158 68 83 58 81 148 149 115 116 87 23 37 8 70 5 100 98 60 111 12 131 82 91 102 106 130 67 111 82 102 104 140 140 53 55 84 130 74 16 125 101 26 29 140 82 87 156 157 66 71 62 6 31 22 38 28 146 97 53 70 72 157 35 53 80 8 Hino, Akiya Hiraga, K. Hiraga, Kenji Hirai, Y. Hiralal, T. Hirano, N. Hiraoka, Yasushi Hirase, A Hirase, Ai Hirashima, Tomoyasu Hirata, A. Hirata, Akihiko Hirata, K. Hirata, Yoshiki Hirayama, T. Hirayama, Tsukasa Hirokawa, N. Hirose, E. Hirose, Yuko Hirotsu, Yoshihiko Hishinuma, Y. Ho, C.J. Homma, Y. Honda, M. Hong, Ki Jung Hong, M. Hong, Moon-Hi Hong, Seung Hee Hong, Woong-Pyo Hori, F. Horii, H. Horreard, F. Hosogi, N. Hostounsk´y, Zdenˇek Hotta, Y. HOU, Jin-ling Hou, X.G. Hovmöller, Sven Hsieh, C.-E. Hsieh, W.-K. Hsieh, Y.T. Hsu, C.H. Hsu, Chiung-Chi Hsu, C.-M. Hsu, H.S. Hsu, J.T. Hsu, Ray-Quen Hsu, Tung Hu, Yong Hua, T.-T. Huang, H.T. Huang, Hung-Tu Huang, J.C.A. Huang, Jia-Hong Huang, Jow-Lay Huang, Jyun-Hao 88 89 90 157 159 149 54 29 133 140 41 85 118 37 152 55 20 33 33 56 25 9 56 65 18 55 56 1 119 157 33 83 139 141 59 53 88 101 11 8 9 103 59 97 104 97 54 80 16 70 15 21 81 68 147 19 7 141 6 87 145 155 84 95 145 13 29 135 111 117 118 119 84 100 133 138 Huang, R.N. Huang, Rong Tan Huang, S.H. Huang, T.W. Huang, Wen-Hung Huang, Xiaofang Huang, Y. Huang, Y.H. Huang, Y.-L. Huang, Zeng-wei Hubert, DHW Hubet, DHW Huh, Yoon Hunt, J.A. Hunt, John Huo, Guan-Hua Hussain, Sahid Hutchinson, John W. Hwang, Cheol Seong Hwang, Dong June Hwang, James C. M. Hwang, Jin-Sun Hwang, Kyung-Hee Hwang, Kyu-Sung Hwang, Seon Oh Hwang, W.-J. Hwang, Wook-Jung Hwu, Y.K. Hwu, Yeukuang Hyatt, Alex D. Hyon, G.-S. 153 10 101 6 18 87 6 87 118 81 106 63 155 36 9 6 88 101 8 132 45 78 133 134 10 57 99 111 109 78 159 116 154 130 57 96 146 101 6 87 18 68 15 I Ice, G.E. Ichihashi, M. Ido, Shin-ichiro Idris, S. Ignacio, J. Iguchi, Shu Iijima, Sumio Iizuka, Y. Ikeda, K. Ikeno, S. Ikeno, Susumu Ikram, A. Ikuhara, Yuichi Imamura, M. Inada, Hiromi Inaga, S. Inagi, Yuki Inaguma, Y. Inai, T. Inoke, K. Inoue, Akihisa 44 10 55 25 89 143 145 125 57 54 16 53 160 27 105 106 139 105 13 32 47 148 5 87 15 20 108 119 53 33 Inoue, K. Inoue, Yuuki Intaratat, N. Irokawa, Y. Isakozawa, Shigeto Ishida, Y. Ishiguro, Takashi Ishiguro, Yasuhide Ishii, A. Ishii, Naonori Ishikawa, Masashi Ishikawa, T. Ishimaru, M. Ishino, Y. Ishizuka, K. Ishizuka, Kazuo Ismail, Hawa Isoda, S. Isoda, Seiji Isogai, A. Itakura, M. Ito, S. Ito, Sukehiro Ito, T. Itoh, Akiji Itoh, T. Itoh, Yumi Iwamoto, Masaaki Iwano, M. Iwasaki, K. Iwata, F. Iyasu, T. Izumi, T. 16 139 160 130 157 57 6 56 26 27 34 16 131 112 138 33 64 102 128 19 157 22 100 96 97 124 24 144 22 20 130 16 111 156 37 124 148 22 87 9 J Jacewicz, D. Jagadish, C Jagape, J. Jakubovsky, J. Jamieson, D.N. Jang, J.-t. Jang, Jae Hyuck Jang, Jiyoung Jang, S.H. Jang, Si-Hyong Jang, U.K. Jang, Won-tae Jansen, J. Jarausch, K. Je, JH Jeon, J.H. Jeon, Jong-Myeong Jeon, Seung-Min Jeon, Sun-Ho Jeong, H.S. Jeong, H.Y. Jeong, Hong Sik Jeong, J.-M. Jeong, J.M. Jeong, Jong-Man Jeong, N. Jeong, N.J. 50 67 145 94 126 10 134 10 99 99 105 160 138 122 46 5 87 123 37 144 112 99 120 91 23 93 55 24 91 92 128 110 137 Jeong, Y.H. Jeong, Yong Jeong, Yong-Hwan Jhe, Wonho Ji, Y. Jia, Shuangfeng Jia, Zhiyong Jian, W.B. Jiang, Qike Jiang, XM Jin, C.Q. Jin, Chuanhong Jin, H.Z. Jin, J.J. Jin, Lei Jin, Qing-song Jin, Seon-Ah Jin, Xiang-zi Jinnai, H. Jo, Ji Young Jo, Moon-Ho Johansen, T.H. Joo, J. Joo, M. Jou, Hyeong-Tae Joy, David C Joyce, H.J. Ju, J.S. Jun, J.C. Jun, Joong Hwan Jun, Y.-W Jun, Z. Jung, Nam Hyun Jung, H.J. Jung, H.R. Jung, In Chul Jung, Ki Young Jung, Min Kyo Jung, Seunghwa Jung, W.K. Jung, Won-Gu Jung, Y.H. Jung, Yeongwoong Jung, Yeon-Seung Jung, YunChul Jungudomchareon, S. Jungudomjaroen, S. Junjie, Guo 119 120 121 36 28 26 93 132 146 20 62 65 133 142 86 107 57 64 18 62 123 107 123 130 139 62 139 75 75 91 113 22 67 94 100 104 121 109 23 61 124 59 75 137 8 71 74 90 55 91 140 63 104 29 157 151 61 K Kageyama, Kaneo Kai, Hiromi Kai, J.J. Kai, Ji-Jung Kaji, K. Kaji, Kazutoshi 6 124 133 136 138 141 142 145 18 79 100 136 5 54 87 6 165 Kajiwara, T Kamarruddin, I. Kamarudin, N. Kamarulzaman, N. Kameie, T. Kamel, A.G.M. Kamino, T. Kamolnorranath, S. Kaneko, K. Kaneko, Kenji Kaneko, Y. Kaneyama, T. Kang, Byung-Ho Kang, E.J. Kang, H.B. Kang, Han-Byul Kang, Hee Chol Kang, I.-S. Kang, J.-H. Kang, J.S. Kang, J.-Y. Kang, Jun-Yun Kang, Kibum Kang, S. Kang, S.J. Kang, S.M. Kang, Suk Hoon Kang, W.S. Kang, Y.K. Kang, Y.N. Kanno, Ryo Kao, T.-T. Karahara, I. Kaswand, M.A. Kataoka, Sho Kato, S Kato, T. Kato, Takayuki Kato, Takeharu Katoh, Y. Katsumata, T. Kavanaugh, S. Kawabata, T. Kawabata, Tokimasa Kawachi, Y. Kawahara, Katsunobu Kawai, T. Kawamata, Shigeru Kawamoto, K. Kawamoto, S. Kawasaki, M. Kawasaki, Masahiro Kawasaki, Naohiko Kawasaki, T. 166 50 153 138 138 15 90 159 9 54 58 129 40 53 53 19 66 127 44 63 35 42 138 104 96 41 146 89 29 65 80 104 104 62 59 80 132 82 96 119 120 121 76 75 71 86 113 8 20 50 9 56 65 73 148 55 56 142 108 114 27 105 106 105 106 142 125 126 94 20 54 113 118 19 96 55 60 Kawata, H. Kawazato, H. Kawazato, Hirokazu Kazama, Makoto Kelly, Thomas F. Kent, D. Kibamoto, H. Kida, T. Kiener, Daniel Kiguchi, T. Kihm, H.W. Kikuchi, H. Kikuchi, S. Kil, Young Woo Kim, D.H. Kim, Dong-Ik Kim, B.H. Kim, B.K. Kim, Bomi Kim, Bong Su Kim, Byoung-Geun Kim, Byunghoon Kim, C.S. Kim, Chang Oh Kim, Chinkyo Kim, Choong-Un Kim, D.C. Kim, D.H. Kim, D.-I. Kim, D.R. Kim, D.S. Kim, Dal-Hyun Kim, Deok-Yang Kim, Do Hyang Kim, Do Hyun Kim, Dong An Kim, Dong Hyuk Kim, Dong-Chul Kim, Dongsoo Kim, Dongun Kim, E.T. Kim, Eun jin Kim, Eun-Soo Kim, Eun Soo Kim, G.H. Kim, Gi-wook Kim, H. Kim, H.J. Kim, H.L. Kim, H.S. Kim, Han Sung Kim, Hee Jin Kim, Hong Tae Kim, HW Kim, Hyun-Gil Kim, Hyung-Kyu Kim, Hyun-Jong Kim, Hyun-wook Kim, I.-B. 133 140 125 126 126 149 80 31 114 58 58 34 54 26 54 52 142 34 59 91 32 66 76 93 150 103 91 135 144 96 63 34 70 110 119 120 121 104 93 26 8 109 109 103 134 135 143 62 137 95 103 159 91 92 125 156 156 93 112 122 110 137 152 11 144 121 93 130 101 45 123 28 98 143 92 37 Kim, J.-G. Kim, J.-H. Kim, J.J. Kim, J.S. Kim, J.Y. Kim, Jae Deok Kim, Jae Jin Kim, Jae Nam Kim, Jee-woong Kim, Jeong Hwan Kim, Ji Hui Kim, Ji Woo Kim, Jihyun Kim, Jin Kim, Jin Gyu Kim, Jin-Gyu Kim, Jinwook Kim, JK Kim, Jong Min Kim, Jongwoo Kim, Jung Han Kim, Jung-Un Kim, JW Kim, K.B. Kim, K.H. Kim, Ka Hee Kim, Ki Buem Kim, Ki Hwan Kim, Ki Woo Kim, Ki-Joong Kim, Kukcheol Kim, Kwang Yoon Kim, Kyou-Hyun Kim, Kyung Min Kim, M.C. Kim, M.I. Kim, M.Y. Kim, Minsoo Kim, Miyoung Kim, Moon J. Kim, Moon-Soon Kim, Mun-Chang Kim, Nam-Hyung Kim, S. Kim, S.A. Kim, S.-H. Kim, S.J. Kim, S.P. Kim, S.W. 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