The Life of Saint CadogHere begins the Preface to the Life of the most blessed Cadog, who also is Sophias, bishop and martyr of the Beneventan monastery. Formerly within certain borders of the Britannic country, which was called Dyfed, there reigned a certain regulus, Glywys by name, from whom throughout all the days of his life the whole monarchy of that district took the name of Glywysing. He is said to have begotten ten children, of whom the first-born was called Gwynllyw, from whose name too after the death of his father that country which he ruled is called Gwynlliog to the present day. His brothers as being of gentle birth and good disposition peacefully and carefully in accordance with natal custom divided their father’s kingdom among themselves according to their number, to each one his own province, except Pedrog only the third son, who rejected a transitory heritage for a perpetual one. Their names with the provinces pertaining to them are these. The first-born, Gwynllyw, of course, chooses the principal seat of his father’s kingdom, to wit, Gwynlliog, whilst Etelic obtained Etelicchion; Poul, Pennichen; Seru, Seruguunid; Gurai, Gurinid; Mar, Margan; Cettil, Chettgueli; Cornouguill, Cornoguatlaun; Metil, Crucmetil. Pedrog alone of them received no part with them, since indeed, rejecting altogether the vanities and momentary allurements of this world, he took after the example of the holy fathers to despising mundane for celestial things, to adhere closely to God, and at length to abandon native land, brothers, and all worldly affairs. As a pilgrim too he arrived at last by the will of God in the land of the Cornishmen in the district, which is called Bodmin, and there for the whole of his life he served God most devotedly. Moreover a very great monastery is built there in his honour and his festival is solemnly kept, like the chief solemnities. Here ends the Preface. Here begins the Prologue to the Life of the same Saint. After a long interval of time the aforesaid king Gwynllyw, depending now on his kingdom, desired with ardent affection on account of the excessive sweetness of her fame that a certain girl should be joined to him in lawful wedlock, born of most noble lineage, of elegant appearance, very beautiful moreover in form, and clad in silk raiment, whose name was Gwladus, the daughter of a certain regulus, who was called Brychan. Accordingly he sent very many messengers to the virgin’s father to the end that they might more resolutely demand that she might be given to him as wife. But the father of the girl, having received the message, was indignant, and, full of anger, refused to bestow his daughter on him, and slighted the messengers, and dismissed them without honour. They, taking this very badly, returned, and told their lord what had been done to them. When he had heard, the king, raving with excessive fury, armed with all possible speed three hundred of his young men to take the aforesaid girl by force. Then starting at once on their journey, when they reached the court of the aforementioned regulus, which is called Talgarth, they found the said virgin sitting with her sisters before the door of her chamber and at leisure in modest conversation, whom they immediately took by force, and beat a hasty retreat. When this was known, her father, Brychan, moved by grief of heart, sorrowing inwardly at the loss of his beloved daughter, called to his aid all his friends and his subjects to recover his daughter. When all his helpers had assembled together, with rapid steps he follows up the enemy and his confederates. Gwynllyw, when he had seen them, ordered that the oft-mentioned girl should be brought up to him, and he made her ride with him. He, carrying the girl cautiously with him on horseback, preceded the army not indeed for flight, but to await his soldiers and to exhort them manfully to war. But Brychan with his men, boldly attacking the savage king and his satellites, slew two hundred of them and followed them up as far as the hill, which is on the confines of either country, which in the Britannic tongue takes the name Boch Rhiw Cam, which means the cheek of the stony way. But when Gwynllyw had arrived at the borders of his land, safe in body with the aforesaid virgin, although sorrowful at the very great slaughter in the fight with his adversaries, lo, three vigorous champions, Arthur with his two knights, to wit, Cai and Bedwyr, were sitting on the top of the aforesaid hill playing with dice. And these seeing the king with a girl approaching them, Arthur immediately very inflamed with lust in desire for the maiden, and filled with evil thoughts, said to his companions, ‘Know that I am vehemently inflamed with concupiscence for this girl, whom that soldier is carrying away on horseback.’ But they forbidding him said, ‘Far be it that so great a crime should be perpetrated by thee, for we are wont to aid the needy and distressed. Wherefore let us run together with all speed and assist this struggling contest that it may cease.’ But he, ‘Since you both prefer to succour him rather than snatch the girl violently from him for me, go to meet them, and diligently inquire which of them is the owner of this land.’ They immediately departed and in accordance with the king’s command inquired. Gwynllyw replies, ‘God being witness, also all who best know of the Britons, I avow that I am the owner of this land.’ And when the messengers had returned to their lord, they reported what they had heard from him. Then Arthur and his companions being armed they rushed against the enemies of Gwynllyw and made them turn their backs and flee in great confusion to their native soil. Then Gwynllyw in triumph through Arthur’s protection together with the aforesaid virgin Gwladus, reached his own residence, which was situated on that hill, which thenceforward took from his name the British appellation Alit Wynllyw, that is, Gwynllyw’s Hill. For from Gwynllyw is named Gwynlliog, and Brycheiniog from Brychan. Here begins the Life of the same Saint. January 24th. §1. Of the angelic revelation and the birth of saint Cadog. All these things therefore being done, king Gwynllyw joined to himself in lawful wedlock the aforesaid daughter of Brychan, named Gwladus, who conceived; and, wonderful to relate, every night from the hour of her conception four lights were seen shining with fiery splendour in the four corners of the house in which she stayed, until she brought forth her first-born son. And in this it is beyond question manifest to all that the infant was really elected by God from his mother’s womb according to that prophecy of Isaiah the prophet, ‘From thy mother’s womb have I chosen thee’, and in another place, ‘From my mother’s belly the Lord bath called me.’ One night some of Gwynllyw’s brigands arrived for loot at a certain town, in which dwelt a certain religious Irish hermit, Meuthi by name, who served God very devotedly, inasmuch as the aforesaid Gwynllyw was very partial to thieves, and used to instigate them somewhat often to robberies. But that hermit possessed no worldly goods except one cow in calf, the best of all in that province, by whose abundance of milk the hermit himself and his twelve And then after he is seven years old. baptized the boy in accordance with the angelic command.’ Also that night an angel of the Lord likewise appeared to this venerable presbyter. before the aforesaid hermit had arrived thither. saying to him. When thou comest to the court of king Gwynllyw. and his name whereby he will be called will be Cadfael. that ye may be sons of your Father. and pray for those who persecute and revile you. Also the same night a voice was uttered from heaven in sleep to the infant’s father. But rather hasten by God’s command to baptize the son of that king. But in the administration of this baptism divine power deems it worthy to show by a wonderful omen how great the boy was to be. ‘Love your enemies. ‘Arise quickly. and therewith cheered her not a little. and bending down very earnestly with downcast eyes besought the man of God to baptize his son in the layer of salvation. brought forth her firstborn son. instruct him in the writings of the Holy Scriptures. For the king looked at him. as the savage doorkeepers withstood him. whom receive humbly and reverently when thou seest him. and knew at once that he was the servant of God. he is speedily allowed to enter. proceeded to running waters. In that night also wherein this crime was committed. He. Do good to them who hate you.’ And so the aforesaid king the same night narrated to his wife Gwladus all the things which he had dreamed. wherefore hasten to track her down.’ So the man of God took the boy and. the cow which he had lost being restored to him. and is warmly welcomed. And indeed the following day the aforesaid priest. accompanied by disciples. Gwladus the wife of the oft-mentioned king. who had been revealed to him by divine oracle. complying with the entreaties of his enemy. and earnestly with genuflexion beseech him that he may cleanse thy son in the layer of regeneration. started out early in the morning with the help of God to obtain his cow to the chamber wherein the king had lain down to sleep. When this was discovered by the king. by whom thy cow is detained. for thy cow has been taken away by thieves. agreeably to that saying of the Lord. gird thyself.ministers were sufficiently supplied. accompanied according to the custom of the ancients by the whole household. And when he shall have completed the seventh year of his age surrender him to that same regenerator that he may be directed in his learning. saying. but entered not. who is in heaven. which cow the aforesaid thieves vilely stole. there thou wilt discover her without doubt. ‘By God’s will a certain holy presbyter and anchorite will come to thee to-morrow at daybreak. For when the man of . and put on thy shoes. Wherefore the holy mother of the saint. attesting that they carry water on their shoulders from afar every day.’ Moreover. Of the increase of goods. ordered the gifts of Christ to be divided among the poor. §3. and all the people exulting and praising God. the servants of the king. in order that he might be baptized. a large fountain broke out in a dry place. whose service he continually with all his might brought to effect. studying daily to ascend from virtue to virtue that he might merit to see the God of gods in Zion. ‘God is wonderful in his saints. On which wonder there followed a greater wonder. ‘The flow of the stream makes glad the city of God. which by the prayers of the aforesaid holy hermit lately broke out of the ground. giving thanks to God for his favours. fatigued with a long journey through lack of water. would baptize the son of the aforesaid king.’ The three leaps of that infant denote the mystic number of the Holy Trinity. ‘Let us all pray our Lord Jesus Christ to bestow flowing water on us his servants and on this babe chosen by himself from its mother’s womb. at whose nativity the cellars were found filled with milk and honey. When the time for bringing forth had come. when a certain woman carried the tiny boy in her arms to that holy well. which gushing forth very copiously made a river.’ And when the prayer was ended. as if prepared to supply a banquet. the blessed Meuthi made reply. Meuthi answers them. which miracle the Divine benevolence performed to promulgate the innate grace of the child according to that word of the Psalmist. gave birth to the holy boy. the more they filled with . the holy mother. called Gwladus. and according to the angelic precept imposed on him the name of Cadfael. the Father and the Son and the Holy Ghost. §2. the sooner did he with more cheerful mind rejoicing baptize the same in that holy well. that is. he leaping up from the arms of her who bore him in three leaps flew to the aforesaid well without conveyance of any one and dipped himself thrice in the water in the name of the Holy Trinity. This being done. for during the three previous days they had been entirely emptied at the royal expense. Meuthi.God. Of cellars filled by God’s will with a supply of honey and milk. discuss in complaining voice in the hearing of Meuthi. When the blessed Meuthi saw him leaping by himself. for by so much the more that the cellars were emptied. when invited to a dinner or supper. for he frequented the church every hour in mean raiment who. Satisfied with this nourishment. entirely rejecting more sumptuous foods. ‘O blind mind of men ever to seek transitory things and look to earthly things! See ye what ye might be and what ye have become? Know ye not that the day of the Lord will come when mourning will be turned into joy. rejoicing. consigned him back to his parents. answering. Let us force him . In the meantime the blessed child grew in age and wisdom and disbursed to the poor the whole of what goods came to his hands And although a child of royal birth. because thou art a true worshipper of God and a profound teacher of very many disciples. The infant. to whom. plump. and. when these things are done. ‘Christ is my food and he is my drink. when the prescribed cycle of years is done. §5. I will the more willingly bring to effect. according to the custom of those who baptize. and jocund. a great part of his hearers used to grieve.’ When these things had been fully heard. arrange for him to be instructed in sacred literature. saying. How the boy Cadog is handed over to saint Meuthius.’ These things being done. God willing. said. ‘All the things which thou shalt enjoin me concerning this boy. the father of the boy says to the holy presbyter ‘To thee before all the doctors of Britannia do I entrust my son. he would be refreshed as by a banquet of divers foods. having been born again by the grace of baptism. Of the boy’s religious piety and his admonition of his father’s household. and for the space of seven years keep him from all hurtful things. the aforesaid presbyter. ‘What means this religion of our son? We were expecting the increase of the kingdom from him.abundance of goods. thou mayest instruct him in liberal arts and divine doctrines. having received the afore said cow. therefore. and laughter will be turned into mourning?’ And while he proclaimed these things. §4. as said. who by his preaching destroys our household. when they urged him to the game.’ Yet at night he took a little bread and water. returned. to his own abode. Joy fully receive this infant purified by me by angelic command in the layer of salvation. saint Meuthi. He had a countenance cheerful. he despised the pomp of royal apparel.’ To these things saint Meuthi replies. And whilst his father’s household went to join in a game of dice he would always resort to the church with gay step. he would say. that. and through their wickedness and wrongdoing having been displeased and provoked. so that on account of that fountain they fought one another the more dreadfully. and a very great slaughter of them had been effected. being turned into mead. should drink of the same. since nothing was done by him for which he could be blamed. Lord Jesus Christ. In the first year after the baptism of saint Cadog. because God provided that he should be a ruler of the Church. into mead.’ When this was told the boy he exclaimed with hands uplifted to heaven. ‘I will hide my face’.to warfare. the rest at length returned to their own homes with bloody clothes and horses. wherein that fountain gushed forth from the earth for their use on account of the prayer of the aforesaid hermit and the love of saint Cadog. saith the Lord. it would never fail nor lose its sweetness But when a very great dispute and dissension arose between unjust heirs. In fact in the second year through out the whole year it preserved a milky colour and sweetness Therefore if any dwellers in that country. Nor is it to be wondered at. who by this fountain deigned to show benevolence to: the people of that province for the love of holy Cadog. and they are unbelieving children. And although it makes many to be proud. ‘from them. he blessed all and was blessed by all §6. ‘Free me.. it was turned both in taste and colour. made the water of the aforesaid spring to return to its natural tastelessness according to that word of Moses. I am already desirous not to rule but to serve. knowledge did not puff him up. who also is Cadog. Therefore God. But we have thought it should by no means be passed by in silence what the divine mercy willed to do to make manifest the innate grace of the oft-mentioned boy with regard to the aforesaid fountain wherein saint Cadfael. Send me whither thou wilt for I will not now visit the threshold of my father. to wit. was baptized. from this danger. For it is a perverse generation. the more he humbled himself before all. Of the water. because he knows better than us how to rule the people.’ So when the space of seven years was over. all the . but the more he excelled others in wisdom. the bestower of all I good things.’ Wherefore. a hundred men of the rural army being slain and many wounded. God gave him the knowledge of the Scriptures. For he loved all. and I will see the end of them. he honoured all and was honoured by all. as is related by the more learned elders of the Britons. which suddenly sprang up for the boy’s baptism. he offended none. receive into thy ears my prayers. to be imbued with sacred literature and liberal training. cleansing lepers. But that boorish rustic. that. he began to be greatly devoted to God and to strive with all his might for the: land of everlasting life.allurements. unless he would carry the burning coals in his cloak. saying. giving sight to the. the aforesaid presbyter bade his disciple. Jesus. God. Of the punishment of the rustic. and demanded of him firmly that he would give him fire for the master’s need. I do not. Tidus by name. He. and that his threshingfloor may be cursed by God. and the Spirit of God was with him. O Lord. ‘I beseech thee. overcoming his youth with good habits. putting demons to flight. making poisons harmless. who givest to thy servants on earth the power of treading on scorpions. almighty Father. he applied his mind to no pleasure. instructed him assiduously in Donatus and Priscian and also diligently in other arts for twelve years. and subduing the impious. He. As soon. the boy Cadog voluntarily with the consent of his parents surrendered himself for instruction to his pious baptizer (or regenerator). more speedily realized a punishment worthy of his obstinacy. of this world being despised. who refused to give fire to the boy Cadog. that rustic may. Cadog. But it is not meet to be held back that that rustic the. rejecting his petition. For the boy in returning looked back at the rustic. and that his progeny may be subject to other folks. so that none other after his death may use it for ever. And he. One day. obeying his master s command without question. joyfully receiving him in accordance with the angelic command. might not unworthily be said also of this his servant. Maker of heaven and earth. and with eyes raised to heaven besought the Lord. taming savage sinners. drying oats. went immediately to a threshing-floor. trusting in the Lord and taking the coals of fire in his garment. with the threshing-floor and grain be burnt together.’ §7. For it is believed that that saying of the Evangelist concerning the boy. to fetch fire to cook the food. their hearth being cold. healing the sick. or winnowing place for corn. by these entreaties. blind. as Cadog of pious memory passed through the age of childhood. refused to give him any. by the kindling of his own fire-brands. brought them to his instructor with clothing unconsumed. so supplicate thy goodness that I should wish the aforewritten sinner to be condemned in his . Meuthius. therefore. where in that hour was a servant of his teacher. ‘The boy grew and waxed strong. for thy wisdom exceeds my knowledge. nor cursing for cursing.” The supplication finished. since he dared not in any wise make use of it. as it is read in Daniel. “He said to him. go prosperously whereever thou dost determine. and thy innocence surpasses my prudence. king of the Morgannwg folk. being a youth of good disposition. buried in the cemetery. ‘By no means. it is not allowed me to teach thee longer. “Depart from me. and thou art holier than I am in all respects. and that they might the more fear thee. and that they might shrink from resisting those who minister to thee.or winnowing-floor was situated.’ Then the sacred Meuthius after Cadog’s departure considering the above-mentioned sacred fire. teacher. a horrid fountain arose after its burning in memory of this divine vengeance. went and hid it. he. which. “Let all who inhabit the earth fear the God of Daniel. From that day till the time of king Howel ab Owain.wickedness. “Not rendering evil for evil. fearing lest by chance he had incurred by some fault the indignation of that teacher. These things being done as related. that place was known to all. In that place too where that threshing. but contrariwise blessing”. performing wonderful things in heaven and in earth. where the sacred fire had been hidden by saint Meuthius. the senior says to him. ‘As thou art more than angry with me and thy wrath is kindled against me like fire. threw out the coals of fire from his unburnt cloak under the eyes of his master. have I so far been disobedient to thee in word or deed.’ When this was heard. The docile boy. angels accompanying thee everywhere. as soon as he returned. but that the divine virtue and power might be made manifest in this world to the wicked. lo. but as is read in the Gospel concerning the centurion who asked Christ to heal his boy. “I will not the death of a sinner. and he looking back. I am not worthy that thou shouldst enter under my roof”. Therefore with the divine protection and my blessing. remains to this day in memory (or record) of that event. as precious treasure. Cadog.” And Paul. ‘Beloved pupil. and that thou shouldst receive instruction from me. elect servant of God. or have I been an accuser and tale-bearer among the brethren?’ Meuthius answering says. causing there a black bog. and elsewhere Peter. exclaiming with a groan. but rather that he should be converted and live. since the Lord says. and the . said. because I am a sinful man. because he is a Deliverer and Saviour. the threshing-floor anathematized by him together with the boorish villein mentioned above is fired and utterly burnt.” And so I am not worthy that thou shouldst dwell with me longer under my roof. Lord. divine compassion was wont to confer health on all who arrived thither with their cattle smitten with various calamities. and immediately he lost the sight of both eyes. And when he observed the pigs in a state of terror. affording health to no man. the danger and the madness of the raging swineherd.’ To these words saint Cadog replies. Therefore saint Cadog. Thus without any doubt the venerable Cadog laudably escaped. But the swine feeding in that place. and addresses him in wretchedness after this manner. and how my miserable body is tied together as with iron chains. He came at length to a certain valley covered with thorns and thistles. nor was he long frustrated in his wish. fled at a rapid pace to the swineherd. departing sorrowfully from his oft-mentioned instructor. he rose excitedly. and the smiting of the swineherd who intended to strike him. so that he could neither draw it to him nor henceforth extend it. most faithful servant of God. But God. being frightened on seeing him. he tries with right hand uplifted to pierce him with the point of his lance. by the will of God. that it might not heal the disease of any. §8.’ But he. with my wretched limbs. and feeling his way to the ground with feet and left hand. calling out in woeful tones. and concede to my blindness the light withdrawn. unhappily destroyed place and fire by denial. seeing from on high the wickedness of the swineherd. The swineherd. 'I beseech your piety with earnest prayers that for the ineffable mercy of God thou loosen me. whom he in ignorance willed to slay. ‘Consider. confined by divine vengeance in bodily bonds. and having seen him and thinking that he was a thief. Paul Penychen. Then till now fire and place have remained unknown. There weariness had compelled him to rest a little beneath the shade of an apple-tree. ‘Believe only that . taking up his spear and searching in every direction like a robber to see who or what was terrifying his pigs. ‘Health is not granted to thee by God before that thou comest to thy master. Whence it happened that he came up to the place where saint Cadog was praying by the roots of the aforesaid tree. until that a certain ill-disposed person. knew by this injury to his limbs that Cadog was a servant of God. Wherefore I cannot proceed hence anywhere. sought diligently with frequent groans a place suitable for the service of God. to wit. full of anger. how I am deprived of the sight of both eyes.’ To which Cadog said. Concerning the departure of Cadog from his teacher. caused his extended arm at once to stiffen. envying the bounty of God conferred on men in the health-bearing fire. and went with gladness accompanied by twelve picked soldiers at the guidance of the aforementioned swineherd to the man of God. doubting naught as to the health promised him through God’s mercy.’ And again the blessed man says to him. anxiously inquire how he had lost his sight and whence such an infirmity had occurred to him. wherein his master dwelt. and standing by him told him clearly all the things which had been done by God through saint Cadog or had been said by him. his blindness is expelled and his original sight is restored. and will bestow most rapid healing on all thy limbs in the presence of thy master and his retainers. since indeed thou art the principal heir of this kingdom. fall down at the feet of the blessed Cadog. thou salute him on my behalf. for he is my uncle. beating the doors with his blind forehead. and will rejoice exceedingly if. I believe.’ Having heard these things. and the rights of the whole kingdom belong to thee. the same will open thine eyes. and raised Lazarus after four days from the tomb. the aforesaid Paul greatly wondering. Also I charge thee that. When he had not yet quite finished his words. and with tottering step by God’s guidance proceeds unaccountably to the gate of the court. thou dost promise that thou wilt have the royal sceptre bestowed on thee. and . These things being heard and seen. and found the same praying beneath the shade of the aforesaid apple-tree. when thou tellest thy master what things have been done to thee by God through me. and tearfully begs admittance. and joyfully with exultation receiving the command of the man of God.’ And he replies. setting aside the service of religion. and that thou carefully ask him to come to me speedily. which in British is called Nant (that is. and pitying his calamity. he calls the doorkeepers with a loud voice. and address him with such words as these. as befits thy dignity. the blind and unhappy man immediately arose.with God all things are possible in heaven and in earth. river) Paul. immediately clothed himself in a more expensive style of garments. and the sight of thy eyes is recovered. ‘We return due thanks to God for thy happy arrival. and thinking that saint Cadog would prefer temporal glory and an earthly kingdom to the service of God. ‘Sir. But he. who opened the eyes of one born blind. and. The janitors seeing him. And not only he himself but also all his comrades alighting immediately from his horses. and to his withered right hand was restored the virtue of natural strength. ‘He. keeping silent and making no reply. enters into the hail of his master. that I may acquire the sight of him and his conversation. scales as of a fish falling from his eyes. ’ The subregulus answers him. ‘It wearies me to traverse the diverse parts of this solitude. producing nothing besides a thicket of reeds full of all sorts of reptiles and snakes. levelled and cleared. Then. nor will I prefer earthly things to heavenly. according to that word of the Psalmist. ‘I thought thou wouldst ask for very great gifts.”’ These things accomplished in this manner. where the boar again stops. but a site for a single hut of all thy land will suffice me. thou wilt find a place for building an oratory. do I choose to dwell in before all others. Wherefore choose and take a site in accordance with thy desire. driven from its nest by fear. lo. thou shalt construct thy refectory. where he makes a third stop in his course. saying. ‘Thy prayer has been heard by the Lord. for I have chosen it. ‘I will by no means abandon the service of divine religion for the delights of the deceitful world.’ Saint Cadog rising early saw. therefore. except the ambit of a single bush. The boar stops its course not far from the aforenoted thicket. the aforesaid subregulus returned to his own. but a festering marsh. When the venerable hero had ended his prayer. and in the middle of the same bush on top a swan was wont to nest every year. but now thou dost request the smallest. And when thou shalt walk thereon. frightened at the sound of thy footsteps. bristly and of great age. he would make it level. thou shalt build a dormitory. and the habitation asked for having been willingly granted to the blessed Cadog. and a swan of white colour flying away. For in that valley there was no dry ground. under which a large boar of white colour had its windings. rising early at dawn. and at the sound of his approach he saw a singular big boar rise up. and there shalt thou lay the foundation of thy temple in the name of the Holy Trinity. nor will I despise things eternal for things momentary. “This is my rest for ever. looking back at saint Cadog as if to mark the .all of us will be subject to thy rule. all the rough and bushy places which had been levelled thoroughly by God’s direction. and that. leap out. and here with my clerical companions I think it worth while to serve God devotedly. with his clergy passed the following night in prayers to God. and then. Therefore. not a little removed from human habitation. in accordance with the revelation of the angel. thou wilt perceive a white boar. tearing up the bushes.’ To whom the blessed man utters these words. So the venerable man came as the angel bade to the aforesaid bush in the midst of the cleared valley. here will I dwell.’ To which saint Cadog. This valley. an angel of the Lord appeared to him in a dream. that he would tell them of a place for building. and. The venerable man. there eagerly flowed together from various districts of the whole of Britannia very many clerics to saint Cadog like rivers to the sea. which states. who steadily toiled in the services of God and paid heed to the divine scriptures. he made four large foot-paths across four declivities of mountains surrounding his monastery. yet in one fertile acre only was he wont to sow grain. and the cemetery in the same prepared. for he always welcomed eagerly all.’ And. uneven. following literally and spiritually the teaching of the Gospel. hoping by the stress of present endeavour to pass over to the glory of eternal rest. How the man of God built his first monastery. stopped. ‘Let none of you eat the bread of idleness. but also turned the hearts of many. Also he chose another place for himself. After this miracle is made known to all the Britons of the western parts. and caused to be thrown up in it from the soil of the earth another round tumulus like a fort. ‘Let every one of you labour. and in the third a dormitory. continuing its course a little. Therefore the blessed man marked the three stations of the boar by the fixing of three twigs. wherein the bodies of the faithful might be buried round about the temple. let him not eat. the white acre). and rough ways into smooth. in the second a refectory. rough and perverse with divers errors. Hence the venerable man began to raise up a huge heap of earth. fearing to consume in idleness the labours of another. Be it also known to all reading and hearing the Life of the pious father Cadog that that acre obtained .’ Likewise this man of God not only by labouring bodily with his hands converted crooked. and on the tumulus to be erected what in the speech of the Britons is called Cadog’s Kastil. according to that saying of the Psalmist. And the Apostle. Then in the first station he built a notable little monastery of timber. Then when the heap was completed. ‘Who shall eat the labours of thine hands’. that he may have wherewith to contribute to the necessitous. it proceeds a little farther. and again. §9.spot. ‘Prepare ye a way for the Lord. ‘He who labours not. working with his own hands. which in the language of the natives came to be called Erw Wen (that is. &c. that they might attain to imitate his wisdom and practice. and to make in the same a very beautiful cemetery dedicated to the honour of God.’ Although he was the owner of very many lands. making passable what was impassable before. into the straight way of the Lord.’ And again. For he deemed it right to spend his life in the labours of his own hands. make his paths straight. For thou thinkest nothing crooked or perverse. I now burn with ardent longing to sail to Ireland in order to study. Some disciples of his assembling.’ And so it was done. §11. that he might be perfectly instructed by him in the knowledge of the seven liberal arts. but knowest it will be better to meditate continually on the divine scriptures. and thou wilt find wisdom unto grey hairs. that thou wiliest the things that are God’s.”’ After this he orders a stout skiff. for whatever thou shalt ask of him. let us follow thee. Arriving speedily among the Irish.this venerable name on account of the blessing and the sanctity of the man of God. wheresoever thou goest. the three years had passed. Also in the same city they say a monastery was built in honour of saint Cadog. kind master. to be prepared for him in a sea harbour. and that thou formest thy opinion in accordance with the will of God. saying. In that place he was joyfully received by the most learned master of that district and the assembly of all the clergy. where he remained with that principal teacher for three years. he at last fortunately arrived at the principal monastery of that country. and it will be to thee as a father and mother. he returned home with very great renown from Ireland accompanied by a numerous throng . until he succeeded in gaining perfection in all western knowledge. ‘Master.’ He says to them.’ And they answering say. Now it happened on a certain day after a long interval of time that the blessed Cadog spoke to his disciples after this manner. which is called Lismor Muchutu. thou wilt obtain forthwith. “Son. who for his sanctity and humility surnamed him with the name of the chief saint of that monastery. acquire learning from thy youth. How Cadog sailed over to Ireland. ‘Some of you may start out with me. and after a timely prosperous course comes to land. When. §10. Saint Cadog therefore sailed across the Irish sea. but let others remain here to keep faithfully my monastery and fort untill come. ‘We know. How Cadog returned home from Ireland. Thirsting vehemently for the streams of learning. then. ‘My brethren most beloved. Muchutu. to wit. he busied himself in eagerly searching out and coming to an agreement as to the most distinguished of the teachers of that nation. break forth into these words. that he might sail safely therein to Ireland. according to that proverb of the wise man. stopped with pitch. and having quickly returned. built of old. So he gathered those grains and hid them in his writing-roll. This being tied to the foot of the mouse. watered his sorrowful cheeks with tears. bore quickly in its mouth to the blessed Cadog a grain of corn. among whom are said to have been three religious and very learned men. he tied it by the foot. But most certainly is it known that it was a divine gift granted to the servant of God on account of his necessity and that . remains. the more famous of the whole band of his disciples. Then saint Cadog humbly asked that he would deign to receive him as a disciple. carried to the servant of God as many grains of wheat. had lately arrived from Italy within those borders. and the most clever of Britons. he drew out the grains. and playfully placed it under his eyes on a writing-tablet set before him. But I very much fear lest food may be wanting to thee and thy fellow disciples. Both of them recognizing that a miracle had been disclosed to them by God. he wished not a little to be instructed by him in Latinity after the Roman manner. and filled with clean wheat. so far unknown. And when he landed on the British shore. as before. for he had heard that a certain celebrated rhetorician. namely. it carried back in its mouth one grain. strongly confiding in the Lord and urgent in his prayers. sending for the aforesaid scholastic. He answered him. Finian. Then. the man of the Lord. having come out of its hole. and related to him the substance of what had been done. But who had caused that house to be. When the blessed Cadog heard the report of his knowledge. And there having soon slipped through a dark hole within. Wherefore on that very day it happened that a mouse. ‘My son. made. he withdrew with his companions into the parts of Brycheiniog.’ These things being heard. until that vermin arrives at a certain tumulus. and Gnauan. and having taken counsel.of Irish clergy and of Britons. that he might search diligently into the mystery of this affair. At length in like manner laying hold of the little mouse. or who had deposited there wheat of so great a quantity. Macmoil. of the name of Bachan. The same mouse. when the holy man had come to the aforesaid dogmatist. of corn. going and returning seven times. At that time a great famine occurred in the region of Brycheiniog. he follows it as it proceeds with the thread relaxed. it is agreed. Cadog sought and received from a certain widow long and fine thread. apprehending by this token that the divine compassion was nigh to him. I am ready. that counsel might be given him on these matters by the Giver of all. and ye be afflicted with hunger. under which was a very beautiful subterranean house. ‘If thou commandest it. Then the blessed Cadog. Of the return of the blessed Cadog to his principal monastery. having returned to his master and companions. he went with them all to a wood to fetch a supply of timber. wherein the wheat was found. ‘By this I know that thou art a true worshipper of God. when he had perceived that he was effectually imbued with liberal instruction. When this was seen saint Cadog. to drive it away. §12. will you eat the bread of . he rejoiced not a little. as this miracle was being noised farther abroad throughout the province. namely. and the sexton coming. Finian and Macmoil. lord father. Llancarfan. which is named Llanspyddid. who gave to the man of God the part of that field. the glad report sounded with meet admiration in the ears of Brychan. returned to his own abode in his dear country. For when he had returned to his own town of Llancarfan. and some workmen. “He who hides away corn is cursed among the peoples. who with the leave of the man of God remained that they might have time for reading. Therefore. to the poor and hungry folk of this land. to all indigent persons. we will distribute this. whence he had long withdrawn.’ When the aforesaid servant of God had drained these words into his ears. Wherefore I anxiously desire with all my heart that thou abide with me for the purpose of reading. in which place the holy man built a monastery for himself. Moreover. burning to build it anew with God’s permission. and art strengthened by him in all thy ways. saying. as long as it shall please thee. and the timber of the roofs scattered rudely over the cemetery. to each one according to the measure of his poverty.” ‘ Therefore he dwelt with the aforementioned teacher.of his companions. distributing the corn. he grieved at the downfall. all his clergy being summoned. scolded them. ‘How long. refusing to work with your fellow disciples. lest the judgement of that wise man may deservedly be applied to us. the cellarer. the grandfather of the blessed Cadog. bestowed by God. seeing his principal monastery destroyed. to wit. whom the master answers after this manner. saying. but a blessing rests on the head of those who distribute it. the Lord’s gift of corn. except two youths. Then suddenly the prior. commending his oratory to his teacher Bachan and some of his followers. Another miracle of the same venerable father is said to have occurred. told them what he had observed. being disobedient and doing no good. like tame oxen. immediately forgetting their wildness and gently awaiting them. that is. How saint David at the bidding of an angel assembled a synod. ‘See. a shower fell from the sky throughout the whole of that region. ‘Can we draw wagons like oxen?’ Those showed them in derision a couple of stags standing by the wood. and there allow them to return to their pastures detached from the yoke. two very strong oxen are standing by the wood. that those three persons die the worst of deaths. saying. Stags’ Valley. having left off your reading. seeing and greatly wondering at this deed. and bring hither quickly a supply of timber with your comrades. submit (or lower) their untamed necks to the yoke. §13. who railed at them.’ They answer and say. cut off by sword or famine. we left it open under the sky. Therefore that book in memory of the blessed man is called in the British language Cob Cadduc. with a great beam attached to the yoke placed on the stags. ‘May God do this to them. ‘Where we were sitting. ordered the stags in Christ’s name to wait for them. owing to their great hurry. inflicted on the three aforementioned officers a curse after this manner. Cadog’s memory. and besides. Wherefore the man of the Lord asked the aforesaid disciples. which scarcely four powerful oxen could draw.' Moreover. which. found the book entirely uninjured by the rain. ‘Who bade you to come over to me. and proceed in this wise. where his book was found dry and free from rain amid whirls of rains and winds. wherein these things were being accomplished (or . having gone there. in that hour wherein these things happened. employed in reading it. They drive them home. the principal town of saint Cadog took from the old settlers of Britons the name of Nant Carwan. yoked after the manner of oxen and drawing a wagon. and greatly wondered. and more also. that is. hasten to the wood. from ‘valley’ [nant] and ‘stag’ [carw]. In that time.idleness? Come. Saint Cadog. that is. From the aforesaid two stags. Go quickly and lay hold of them. in the open air. and leaving a book open. to devote yourselves to drawing timber?’ They narrated to him the reproaches of the three aforementioned men. Also in the same place in honour of saint Finian a chapel is said to be situated. whence Nancarbania. asked them. He.’ And they proceeding (or going) quickly. inflamed with wrath. where they had left their book.’ The man of’ God. They fearing said. where they were sitting. having forgotten it in our great haste. since thou bearest no fruit on the earth.’ The rest truly is accomplished (or done) in both instances according to the angelic discourse. and all these things shall be added unto you. whom he used to provoke with frequent reproaches. Be not anxious about your life. ‘I beseech thee. since he will straightway be going abroad. The venerable man proceeded. imploring his kindness with tears after this fashion. ‘Rise. thy miserable handmaiden. more distinguished for sanctity. ‘I am ready at thy bidding to do whatever shall be well-pleasing to the Lord. §14. and form a synod. but there dwells in Glywysing one named Cadog. in which a certain very rich king was living. ‘Withdraw from me. wiser in understanding. and again. all of them as with one mouth .done). and is kindly received by all.’ and so forth. a true confessor of God and a bishop. saint David. ‘I say unto you. sprung from the satraps of Britannia. Then. saying.’ The blessed David answers him.’ The queen hearing that saint Cadog had come into the city hastily runs to throw herself in his steps. most faithful servant of God. He then goes up to a certain city of that region. wondering much at her journey. Llanddewi Frefi. having crossed the sea. do not tarry. he lands in the islands of Grimbul. having sure confidence in God. were I worthy. whose wife was barren. ‘Nay.’ The rest of the crowd followed her. Therefore saint Cadog started out without money and bag. What shall we eat or what shall we drink. seeing it is agreed that thy womb is cursed of the Lord. nor for your body what you shall put on’. for thou art unworthy of a wedded husband. ‘Seek ye first the kingdom of God and his righteousness. saying. assemble all the clergy. Cadog went on a journey. who is much more worthy by birth than myself. and fear him not in the least. Of the peregrination of the man of God and the conception of a barren queen through his prayers. and for the distresses of my husband. for I am afflicted with the reproach of sterility. saying to him. elders. favourable breaths of air swelling up.’ To whom the angel. only fulfil my commands. and the better born. a little after. who says. without whose leave and support I least of all presume to undertake so large a matter. heavier than any sickness. and David after his departure assembled a great synod in the Monastery of Brefi. for in this affair he will in no way thwart thee. shone with great virtues in Britannia. wherever he arrives. and more skilful in speech for assembling a synod. that thou wilt deign to intercede with the Lord for me. to whom an angel was sent by God. ’ After the passing of three years he returned to the aforesaid islands. and called his name Elli. saying. . and he spoke with diverse tongues like the primitive Church in the time of Christ’s disciples. a kinsman of the pious Cadog. ‘O that thy handmaiden might find grace in thine eyes. as the holy man pursued him. who for envy after his peregrination murdered his cousin Cynfelyn. and ascended into heaven. the languages of those nations through which he passed in going and returning.’ And she added. O God. Of a certain satellite who disappeared like smoke from the face of Cadog. who conceived and afterwards in time brought forth a son. because his mother had devoted him to God. and there found the boy Ellinus. O Christ. are much honoured’. reared and taught him. above the love of father and mother. One day. lived in the district of Gwynlliog. ‘O that these three most comely stones were by God’s will transferred in rapid flight as of birds to my dear monastery. and so forth. he saw in the cemetery three very beautiful rocks and most suitable for the service of Christ. Thou was present. The pious Cadog therefore took him and carried him on his shoulders. where Christ was born and suffered and was buried and rose from the dead. Cadog. I shall deliver him up to the service of God all his days. The blessed Cadog says to her. For he loved him much. whom the aforesaid barren queen after his departure in the meantime had brought forth. exercising the power of thy majesty. to make altars. being terrified with excessive fear. Then. and had delivered him to himself to be cared for. he vanished under his eyes like dust or smoke before the wind. Amalicious lictor. named Caradog Pendiuin. withdrew into Greece. And. whilst he was walking about the temple of the Lord.’ So the king the same night knew his wife. and the Lord remembered her. and at length arrived at Jerusalem.together earnestly beseeching the beloved man of God on her behalf. ‘Thy friends. ‘Go in peace. by the will of the Thunderer. Moreover. who in every place exaltest the humble who believe in thee. When he had discovered that the memorable man had returned home. Eli. §15. he fled away the faster from his face. keeping him from every harm. as it is written. that is. For if I shall give birth to a son or daughter. From there the beloved of God. and. May God grant thee the petition which thou hast asked. and I will consign him to thy keeping. were made known to him by the Lord. as is truly reported. since indeed he was a chosen servant of God. shave off with sharpest razors the half part of their beards and hair as an eternal disgrace against them. and there followed him nearly fifty clerics to meet the deadly tyrant with chants and hymns and psalms. and also cut off the lips of their horses and their ears as well.’ And they did as he had bidden them. Suffer them to steep their hearts in debauchery and drunkenness. and violently took from thence food and drink. And when they ascended a certain mound. arrived with his accomplices at his abode. Then. There was a certain chief. ‘Have patience. which he had so much longed for before in Jerusalem that they might be conveyed into his temple. whilst the clergy groaning at such infamy and shame entered the church. and begin their journey immediately. Then the man of God said to his clergy. when he snail perceive that he was mocked by us. whilst praying devoutly in his monastery. After they had related the reason he says to them with unchanged countenance. having somewhat digested in their sleep the superfluity of what they had consumed.after the man of God had returned to his own monastery he perceived. were three altars in that place. §16. or ye will perish in death. and swallowed up the tyrant alive .’ Therefore they each put on their clothes. both he and all his followers eating and drinking in turn. Then the wretched brigands. And whilst they were weeping with great lamentation. when they are oppressed with sleep. and saint Cadog clothed himself with his garment. who. living not far from his monastery. being stupid with excessive drinking. the holy man arrived suddenly. and diligently inquired of them the cause of so much sorrow. and devoutly supplicated the Lord for the castigation (or the cutting off) of the invaders. Of the robbers swallowed up in the earth. named Sawyl. lo. for the monastery at that time happened to lack the presence of the man of God. for our enemy will return and will slay us with the sword from the greatest to the least. for patience is the mother of all virtues. To this miracle another not unlike did the divine power perform to declare the merits of the blessed man. and at length having waked. but the third he kept for himself. that those three desired rocks. Then before the eyes of the servant of God the earth opened its mouth. full of evil affections. Sawyl Benuchel and his satellites descended to meet them. so that being drunk they will fall into heavy sleep together. another to Macmoil. ‘Let each one of you put on his clothing and shoes to go to meet them. mount their steeds. one of which he gave to Elli. they said to each other in turn. appears to this day to all passing by. Cadog of good memory and his clergy returned to their own abode with great pomp.with his men on account of their wickedness. being incensed with great anger against saint David for such an affront. whilst he was on pilgrimage?’ To this all were silent. lest they should cruelly murder the man of God with his clergy. twelve shavers. ‘I beseech thee not to be angry with thy brother. and the lot fell on Finnian. to the end. is not allowed to be closed in by any one. Therefore saint Finnian arose from the midst of the brethren. and blessed your speech and counsel. Therefore they cast lots on this affair. and to all others who in this district shall hold your place in the future. an angel of the Lord came to him. And if twelve clerics shall not be present. let the counsel of twelve unordained clerics prevail. the brethren being present. When these things were over. too. If judgement and useful counsel should be wanting in the whole of this country. for as it is read in the Epistle of John.’ By the angelic intervention in this matter he quite forgave the blessed David his fault. let it be found here with you. who figure in type the number of the twelve Apostles. §17. wherein they were swallowed up. ‘Who of us dares to disclose to our master what things were done in Britannia by saint David. ‘Because thou hast obeyed my voice.’ and what follows. speaking in words of this kind. blesses them in this wise. And the ditch. glorifying God and singing the Ambrosian hymn ‘Te Deum laudamus. Wherefore the angel added. He who hates his brother is a murderer. the blessed Cadog. which. saying. he continued fasting a day and a night. ‘Blessed are you of the Lord. If twelve wise ordained men should be wanting. let judgement and counsel be allowed to twelve small boys and girls with unmarried women. devoutly beseeching that he should not be angry with him. whilst he was travelling abroad. and at my request hast pardoned him who . always remaining open as a witness of this affair. Which thing displeased him not a little. Some of the disciples of the blessed man being gathered together. The same night. May the Lord grant this privilege and prerogative to you. Of the indulgence shown to saint David for having summoned the Synod. and. nor presumed any one to mention the matter to him. and went forward with great trepidation. And he insinuated how that a universal synod had been assembled by saint David. He prostrates himself in the footsteps of the man of God. whatsoever thou shalt ask of the Lord. besides servants in attendance and esquires and strangers. a cask full of . This was the number of his household. Nor is it to be wondered at. praise the name of the Lord. Of the habitation of saint Cadog in Lent. from the Old Spring. who with hawks were catching birds. Flatholm. ordered fifty wheaten loaves to be given. thou shalt obtain. with the same number of widows. that is. and a measure. feeding daily one hundred clergy. came to him to take food from him willy-nilly.’ towards the sea. which the Irish use out of doors. But on Palm Sunday he came to Nantcarfan. waiting there for the Easter service and performing it. Also every Saturday from this night for ever. from Pentyrch straight to the valley of Nantcarfan. for he was abbot and prince over Gwynlliog after his father from Ffynnon Hen. teaching the people. let one soul be freed from infernal torments for thy love. ‘Praise ye the Lord. namely the little Rhymi. and one hundred workmen. for his mercy is confirmed upon us. who shall have died in this place. Moreover. for being rich in lands he maintained many. that is. rejoicing in his fort. and one hundred soldiers. Paul. and all your familiar friends. to whom he. and Echni. whose number was uncertain and a multitude of whom frequently came to him. recounting the angelic promises to his disciples.did thee wrong. as far as the mouth of the river Rhymi. and one hundred poor persons. And as many ringlets or tufts as are joined together in thy cowl--as is commonly called a certain kind of garment.’ Then the blessed Cadog. §18. full of prominent tufts or coils like hair—’so many persons shall be snatched for thy sake from perpetual penalties. §19. that is. surnamed Penychen. and of the conversion of saint Illtud. three times. will be liberated from the sufferings of hell. from the valley as far as the stream Gurimi. In the days of Lent saint Cadog was wont to reside in two islands. ye servants of his. also guests. How the earth swallowed up robbers alive. and the truth of the Lord remains for ever. rose up and. when saint Cadog sat in his chair. Barren. and he was in possession of the whole territory from the stream Golych as far as the river Naddawan. fifty of the soldiers of a certain regulus. exclaimed. to wit. Barry. namely. in the Day of Judgement from eternal penalties. as it is said. the Lord thy God will free thy castle full of the souls of men. One day. who was absent when they committed this crime. . also a fat grazing sow. || seizing the highest crown. which I have referred to above. which is called Medgart. and abstaining on that account from the prepared food. and that he would ennoble him with the marks of divine service. Indeed. Wherefore it is said. the ground unexpectedly breaking under them. the shaving off of hair and beard. and therewith satisfied as many needy ones as there had been robbers to whom it had formerly been thanklessly surrendered. according to that word of David. Changed his warfare. obeying the teachings of his preceptor with all his might. and swallowed up Dathan. while Illtud was coming up. Therefore. He who had been a soldier. they lay down about the measure of beer in order in the manner of a circle surrounding it. So the man of the Lord sent over some youths to bring back the mentioned food and drink. yielded himself up to the holy works of God. but before he had alighted from his horse. with speedy course falling down at the feet of the blessed Cadog. to wit. Illtud believed || when he had seen such acts. while they were waiting for him. Then he assenting to his prayers. they carefully prepared dinner. and the pig being cut in pieces to be roasted. that he would bestow on him the monk’s habit.’ But the food and the measure of beer. earthly warfare being abandoned. being conveyed by a divine token to a certain mound. || never to return to earth. he told how divine vengeance had destroyed his comrades. suddenly. for the injury done to him by them. behold. All these being taken and carried off by them to the midst of the plain. that same officer. ‘The earth opened. that same lord or officer besought the man of God with earnest entreaties by the name of the divine majesty. being there deposited. Becoming a monk. remained inviolate and untouched. Illtud by name. The ground swallowed them. || subduing many strongholds. in the twinkling of an eye they are submerged in the depth of an abyss. Inasmuch as the aforesaid Illtud saw these things with his own eyes.beer. having been made a monk. and before whose arrival they by no means presumed to dine. the retinue of the aforesaid regulus. and covered the congregation of Abiram. || he profited in diverse ways. and. not far from the fort. For there was a certain captain of that guard. and secular weapons being completely renounced. §20. Of saint Cadog’s manner of life at the river Neath. After an interval of time saint Cadog, hearing that about the river Neath there were many places solitary and suitable for hermits, visited them that he might see, and that he might stay in them a little time, and that after his departure he might leave his clergy there. One day when he walked about on (or around) the bank of the Neath, he saw a wild boar lying under a tree. When seen his comrades killed it. Secondly, he beheld bees coming and entering a hollow tree. Thirdly, the nest of a hawk in the top of a tree. Then he sent these three gifts to king Arthfael, who gave leave to the blessed Cadog to inhabit and possess that land. Wherefore said Cadog, Here is a boar and a honeycomb, || here a savage hawk; Fertile that place, || which therefore Cadog esteems; They gladden the mind, || that seeks three blessed signs, They make it joyful; || praising I will praise the Giver. Why should I not rejoice? || he gave and will give honour. Here I will to dwell, || for I perceive things significant; He willed not further || to extend our steps; They indicate, rather || they compel us to abide here; Boar’s flesh will sustain, || easy to hunters for the seeking; Sweetness of honey || will provide entertainment for the clergy A table of winged game caught by a comely foe Our wholesome fare will be, not sickly, therefore free from sickness. §21. Of a master-builder raised from the dead by the blessed Cadog. Also, at another time, when the blessed Cadog had again departed thence, desirous of showing in other places his devout service to God, arriving by the divine will at a certain fort situated by a great stream, which is called Neath, and looking about the place, he ordered that a house of prayer should be built for him there quickly. His workmen, to the number of twelve, having started out to the wood for the purpose of cutting timber to build the oratory, the affair in hand became known throughout the whole region. Whence it happened that a certain Irish stranger, a truly skilful masterbuilder, driven by poverty, whose name was Llywri, had arrived there with his children, that he might acquire food for himself and his sons by the exercise of his art. Wherefore, being exultantly received by the man of God, he applies himself vigorously to the work together with the remaining twelve workers, all of whom a little after he surpassed in skill and ability. As the other twelve envied him, they wickedly slew him, and his head being amputated, and an enormous stone being tied about his maimed body, they threw it into a certain deep pool. As they were returning home as usual, the sons of the slaughtered workman, in no wise perceiving their father as customary, wept with lamentable cries. When the blessed man heard the wailing, he quickly inquired the cause of so pitiful a lamentation. The workmen, being sternly brought together concerning these things, excusing themselves with all their might declared with much quibbling that they knew not whither the aforesaid master-builder had gone. When the man of God took knowledge of their iniquity, he with all his clergy passed the night in watch and prayer, that the truth of this matter might be declared to them the same night. When it was morning, prayers being now ended, behold, suddenly, the beheaded worker, bearing his head in his bosom, and carrying a great stone on his back, wet and bloody, of maimed and horrid aspect, appeared to the venerable man and his disciples. Wonderful to relate, but an easy matter with God, the severed head let loose words of this sort, ‘Servant of God, fix me upon the neck in the original position, and I will relate to thee all things which are unknown to thee so far in this matter.’ And he did as he asked. And the murdered workman Llywri told him the dreadful crime of the twelve aforementioned workmen, and how that they, led by envy, had basely butchered him. To whom he replied, ‘Choose what thou dost prefer of two things, whether to live in this mortal life to be again a corpse, or to go back to eternal life to reign for ever with God.’ And he said, ‘Sir, that my soul may return to eternal rest.’ And while he yet spoke, he expired. Therefore the holy man ordered his disciples to place the aforesaid stone, which the murdered master-builder had brought up on his back, upright in the earth near a wood in memory of this miracle, and to bury that same man there before it, and he ordered that from his name the whole of that town be called Llanllywri. Also by means of this stone the Lord heals those who are unable to hold urine, and divers kinds of other diseases, for the love of saint Cadog and Llywri to this day. §22. Of the dispute between saint Cadog and king Arthur respecting the reinstatement of a certain person. In that same time a certain very brave leader of the British (or Britons), called Ligessauc, the son of Eliman, also surnamed Llaw hir, that is, Long Hand, slew three soldiers of Arthur, most illustrious king of Britannia. But, Arthur pursuing him everywhere, he nowhere found a safe place, and none dared to protect him for fear of the aforesaid king, until at length, wearied by very frequent flights, he came a fugitive to the man of God. He, bewailing his hardships, the more kindly received him, trusting in the Lord, fearing Arthur not at all, according to that word of the Lord, ‘Fear not those who kill the body, but cannot kill the soul, but rather fear him who is able to cast soul and body into hell.’ Therefore he remained with him in the region of Gwynlliog, Arthur not knowing it, for seven years in security. These being past, he being again betrayed to the aforesaid king, the same arrived at last with a very great force of soldiers at the river Usk, for the sake of making suit (or bringing an action), because he dared not by any means contend forcibly with the man of God. Therefore messengers being directed to the king, the man of God asks of him, if he would refer the dispute (or action) to the verdict of skilful judges. And he assented, for saint Cadog had summoned to him the principal nobles, from three divers parts of the same country, to wit, David and Teilo, Illtud and Dochau, Cynidr and Maeddog, with several other clerics and elders of the whole of Britannia, judges at the same time being added to them, as far as the bank of a very large river, the Usk, [where] they assembled together, he himself preceding them. And there disputing the matter with bitter words, after the manner of enemies from both sides of the river, they contended for a long time on either hand. But after this intermission in the altercation, the more skilful of the judges decreed that Arthur ought to receive for the redemption of each one of his slain men three ‘best oxen’. But others ordained that one hundred cows should be given to him as the worth of the aforesaid men, because from ancient times among the Britons judgement of this sort, and that price, had been determined upon by the ministers of kings and chiefs. This being accepted, Arthur tauntingly refused cows of one colour, but would take parti-coloured ones, that is, with a great deal of shuffling, he desired cows distinguished in their fore part with a red colour and in their hind part with white. And they, being altogether ignorant as to where cattle of this sort of colour were to be found, doubted what plan they should adopt concerning these things. Wherefore the man of God in the name of the Three Persons ordered young men of the council to drive to him nine, or, as some maintain, one hundred heifers, of whatever colour they But he who shall keep these. they said. rejoiced with great joy. Barry. Arthur. prolonged the period of his refuge for seven years and as many months and the same number of days. and also may his soul abide in eternal rest. humbly asked the blessed man. seeing this wonder. and should return anew to the original place of his refuge. Cai. he is according to the tradition of elders to be allotted to his service to the last limit of his life and eagerly received. if by chance. Tredunnock. into the aforesaid colours at the benevolent prayer and desire of the righteous. glorifying God much. When the aforesaid animals were brought up before the eyes of him and of the other servants of God. He bestowed pardon on him for the fault according to that gospel precept. the rest sitting on the bank. and may they descend and remain on him. Moreover the man of God consulted what rightly he ought to do with the aforesaid cattle. to wit. Also that ford.’ Therefore he drove them as far as that point and Arthur. he should be driven into his harbour. The company of all the clergy and many others of God’s faithful gathered together by that blessed man beholding this miracle. but immediately they were in their hands they were in the presence of all transfigured by the divine will into bundles of fern. they were immediately changed by the divine power. For from that day that place in British speech is called Tref redinauc. and may his name be blotted from the book of life.’ Therefore the aforesaid king. This Arthur and all his captains with the elders of all IBritannia corroborating. that the wrong which he had inflicted on him should be forgiven him. and Bedwyr met them. in accordance with Arthur’s perverse desire. that is. and whosoever shall transgress them. all the cows which had been converted into clumps (or bundles) of fern were found safe in their stalls by their owners.’ The council being finished. ‘We also in the hearing of all bear witness to the words of this ordinance. And the group of judges from both sides replied. fern homestead. the severe violence of storms and unfavorable windy weather assailing him. may he be replenished with all the blessings of the Old and New Testament. may God add to him all the plagues written in the Old and New Testament. If any stranger in the prescribed time desiring to go home from the district of Cadog should depart or set sail to any part of the world. And Cai and Bedwyr eagerly drew them by their horns to the other bank with their hands. having entered into counsel with his army. ‘Forgive. about which the pleading (or .might be. and it shall be forgiven you. ‘The law is that thou drive them in a herd to the middle of the ford. whatever thou shalt ask of God. Llanddewi Penn bei. Whilst all were withdrawing peaceably from that pleading. ‘Be comforted in the Lord. a spring) Brittrou (a proper name). and a third to Docguinnus. §23. coming to the house of blessed Cadog’s officer. and unarmed. Of vengeance on the king of the men of Gwynedd for injury done to the man of God. saint Cadog gave three homesteads to the three said nobles. by arranging a peace with the fierce king. to Teilo. In his days a certain king. aid us. because they were wearied with their long journey. and his armies being assembled. With great lamentation they besought him. took her away with them. terrified with fear of the enemy. because. Therefore succour us. and wounded very many. ‘Maelgwn. for we will follow thee. seizing forcibly a most beautiful daughter of the same. and will slay all the males with furious slaughter. ‘Sir. one to David. they marked out a camp in the region of Gwynlliog by a spring. that on the following day they might plunder the whole of that country. inflamed with much (or. Maelgwn by name. was reigning over all Britannia. thou shalt obtain.action at law) took place. Which things being heard. Gwynllyw’s men gathering together pursued them. the aforesaid king. Rhyd (that is. There met them natives of that same region.’ These things being heard. whilst the rest fled to their lord. otherwise we die.’ He followed the messenger at night with three of the clergy. ‘Proceed quickly. is called Rith. and rescue us for thy great clemency. and stand . king of the men of Gwynedd (that is. until they reached Gwynlliog. and related the state of affairs to the man of God in these words. wretched. ford) Guurtebou. and this night he is encamped with the whole of his army by the spring Brittrou. saying. feeble. Gwynllyw’s men were not a little terrified. Snowdonians) has descended on our borders with his troops. Of which homesteads and possessors their names are written below: to the blessed David. These. Another miracle known to all the Britons living in those parts is asserted of the same holy patron. the man of God said to the messenger. great) furious indignation. Merthyr Tegfedd.’ He answered them. who sent his young soldiers to the region of Gwynlliog that they might there receive tribute. and to Doguuinus he gave Llanddyfrwyr. another to Teilo. and destroyed some of those whom they followed. Gwrthebau. which in their language is called Finnun (that is. Which being done. For tomorrow he will devastate the whole of thy land. beclouded them.’ While he was still speaking. and utterly lay waste the land. ‘I am ready. and the day became to them as black night. if it shall be wellpleasing to thee. which. the bravest of heroes. and do not fear. . that he might rob the possessions and treasures of the southern Britons. whereby we may be able to return unhurt to our abodes. lo. and behold. When the king perceived this miracle.’ And so it happened. that they should not inflict any injury on saint Cadog. so that whoever of my progeny shall abbreviate it. 0 king. bestowed on thee. and forgive it me. saying. and saluting him says. By the camp of the enemy he prayed apart. And they returned peaceably each one to his own region. and he will reduce our enemies to nothing. the light of summer immediately being poured from above shone with great serenity on the camp. his son. When it was morning. the son of the aforenamed king Maelgwn. he rose from prayer. ‘I will confirm and ratify the refuge. so that none was able to observe another. and all the divisions of the whole expedition. having great confidence in God. ‘Thy very great crimes shall be forgiven thee. In God we shall do a wonder. and whoever shall keep it. and that all thy country remain in constant peace. ‘I confess that I have sinned against thee. he fell on his face. ‘Wherefore hast thou come to my country with an armed force to plunder and devastate. let him be blessed.’ Saint Cadog.’ The man of God replied. his clergy being removed a little from him. above all others among the men of the South. coming from the north with a numerous company of the nation of Gwynedd on an expedition.’ To whom the king. said he. if I have found favour in thine eyes. But still I earnestly beg thy holiness that thou be merciful (or exorable) for this fault. the same strictly bade the aforementioned Rhun. covering all the tents and the troops of the aforesaid king. especially as we do not deserve it in any way?’ To these things the king. speak’. Then in the midst of the darkness the holy man appeared before the tent of the king. And the other. §24. ‘Good health. and the whole army being assembled in the presence of Maelgwn. During the flow of some courses of years after these things. Of the blinding of King Rhun for the injury inflicted on saint Cadog.firm. which Arthur. Rhun. and to-day I choose thee to be my confessor. kindly hear my words. withdrew thence. a column of mist went before him. and that by thy intervention this darkness depart. I beseech thee. let him be accursed. rising from his royal chair. When they had given their horses to drink. to wit. and darkened the light of the eyes of all who were present in that place. ‘And this’. they formed a camp in Cair (that is. and so from every enterprise of war they are to be entirely exempt. ‘Play. being angry. When you have come to his country. and as many soldiers. the smoke like unto a wooden post.because he was his confessor. who were beyond the river Naddawan and all of that same region being unterrified remained as they were. whilst the aforesaid Rhun was sitting in his tent playing at dice with his eunuchs (or servants).’ Then they all promised with an oath that they would observe this command of the king. ‘that there we may drink milk enough. since I and their lord are connected by a familiar and spiritual covenant. and workmen of like number. proceeding from the barn of saint Cadog. only smoked.’ Then at last the king confessed that it had likewise happened to himself. hiding themselves in woods and thickets and holes and caves of the earth. saying. In the moment of that very hour. and all of them individually taking firebrands in their hands. fuming with great wrath. you will find animals freely feeding in pastures and people trustful and unterrified. said he. ‘Are ye not without understanding. for milk abounds there always. three hundred men in number.’ said he. ashamed to mention what had happened to him. ‘Let us ride speedily to Cadog’s barn.’ which is said to have been at that time on the farm Buceles. twelve esquires from the king’s troops went off to the river Naddawan to water horses. ‘Though our eyes be open.’ Those twelve making their way thither with speed approach the steward of the place roughly with words that he might give them a drink of milk. reckoning that at least our master is a man of great honour and dignity. and mounting their steeds. incites the eunuchs (or attendants) to play. since of a truth he owns a great household. we see nothing. and that they should not take from any of his land even one beast of smallest value without his permission. Then . refused to give to them. they themselves being thirsty and not able to drink of the tepid water (river). Whilst they were driving considerable plunder to the camp. The inhabitants of Penychen. a hundred clergy. So when they had come to the borders of Gwynedd. city) Trigguid. But the king. tried to burn that barn. they fled from them frightened. besides children and women?’ Therefore they rose. And they reply. Whom when the men of Gwynedd had seen. said to one another. He. confiding in our friendship. ‘will be a sign to you. stretched itself right across throughout the morning to his tent. But by the power of God it burned not. Without delay he caused saint Cadog to come to him. These being brought forward.having called to him his captains and all the nobles and knights. except those things which he reserved for himself as necessary for food.’ The king. ‘If anyone’. sword. that he might always have at Llancarfan therefrom food for Lent.’ And he broke forth into words of this sort. These things being done.’ Then the esquires confess their guilt. saying these things. and also everything which he had brought with him. These things fulfilled. our former clearness of vision may be given back to us by your intercession. ‘Seek diligently in the camp whether any of your fellows have been away today. ‘Where have you been to-day. to set it on fire. and that. But they entirely disowned the crime. it was found that twelve esquires had been absent. The sword conferred on him by king Rhun the blessed Cadog gave to Gwrgan Fryeh. ‘Be thou blest of the Lord.’ And when they had sought.’ On saint Cadog praying. that you have this day participated in a great evil. and spear. shield. without my knowledge. on which account I know that this misfortune of blindness has happened to us. gave to him his own best stallion with all horse accoutrements. wretched. he inquires of them. It was a day’s journey for the wooden horses from . For I have sinned against God and before thee. let him be excommunicate. Wherefore I humbly implore thy benignity that thou wilt pardon me. who at that time reigned in Glamorgan. the blindness of our eyes being expelled. and may thy entrance be peaceable. ratifying it. the king says. to whom also he said. ‘What hast thou done. Said the king. they received their former keenness of vision. the king added his refuge as Arthur previously and the father of the aforesaid Rhun had settled it. and what evil have you done? Speak out at once. And he possessed as well two wooden horses so inestimably swift that no animal could be compared with them in speed. to wit. ‘shall infringe thy refuge. and three chief weapons. says he. on which his servants brought every necessary from all parts. whether by chance any of their companions had inflicted any disgrace on the blessed man. ‘Certain of my servants have attacked thy store-house or barn. The horse too he bestowed on the same king with all equestrian trappings in exchange for a half share of the fish of the river Neath that he might have thence every Lent at Llanmaes whether boiled or roast for food and viands.’ And he. they returned each one to his own. But whoever shall observe it abides beloved of God and men. for it is clear to us. in exchange for a half share of the fish of the river Usk. using a sentence of different kind. say. and put him to flight. Dibunn by name.’ And the man of God added. who.’ §26. and in Pwll Rhudd. David.Llancarfan to Neath and Brycheiniog in going and returning. and in Pwll lithion and Pwll Gweddillion. except that they go with thee in the host to battle three days and nights. and let it be free from all fiscal tribute. Rhain. when Cadog had received from him a confession of his faults. ‘may every one who shall spring from my race. said he. Of the deliverance of king Rhain from the hands of the men of Gwynllyw’s land. be cursed. uncle of the same. Eiludd (that is. with the whole region. Which agreement Meurig allowed in the presence of these witnesses: of the clergy. Moreover. which previously Maelgwn and Arthur had granted to him by a ratified treaty. and rescued the aforesaid Rhain from blockade. thou shalt feed them. Cannau. and several others. and gave to him his aunt.’ And all the clergy answered.’ And Meurig replied. except Gwynlliog. Of the journey of saint Cadog into Scotland and the . may he be cursed by God and all his saints. Rhain uttered words of this sort. and smote his men in the place which is called Pwll Rhain. Teilo). ‘Protect my country and inheritance of Gwynlliog. who shall keep the tenor of this pact. if they go with thee longer. son of Brychan. The men of Gwynllyw’s land also rose up to meet his army. Cynidr. And the blessed Cadog commanded Meurig. and if he violate the pact which I have concluded with saint Cadog. Maeddog. confirmed the refuge. Illtud. ‘May it be so for ever.’ Then saint Cadog prayed to the Lord to give him a king. Also the aforesaid Rhain was besieged by the men of Gwynllyw’s land) because they dared not by any means kill the uncle of their master without his bidding. and there was given him Meurig son of Enhinti. and. who should rule his race for him. ‘Since thou hast freed me today’. and commanded that they should keep his refuge in accordance with the pact which he had previously concluded with Maelgwn and Arthur and Rhain. which places received their names from them. unless he have protected the race of Gwynllyw. Who shall not observe it. saying. §25. ‘Amen. And saint Cadog went out to meet him. A third miracle God did by saint Cadog according to the evidence of the graphium of the refuge of his stock of Gwynlliog. ‘Blessed be he. Therefore the blessed Cadog came. and he blessed them. having marched forth from his borders plundered and wasted the province of Gwynlliog as far as the sea. and arrived at the threshold of the aforesaid church of the blessed Andrew. he had arrived at a certain fort. he found a collar (or neck) bone of some ancient hero. saying. and to be not a little skilled in evangelical doctrines. a champion on horseback could (or might) ride without check. At length. when saint Cadog was digging the ground about a monastery to be built. lest they be afraid that something should happen to them. which they commonly call Scotland. preaching daily. Again.’ That same night a sound of angelic speech addressed him from heaven. wondering. ‘I will not approach meat or drink. whom we know to be constantly devoted to divine services from his childhood. Wherefore I appoint for you ~n place of myself. another miracle. he took his journey back. God will grant thee. ‘Everything which shall be pleasing to you we right gladly assent to’. through which. Elli. For to-morrow in the first hour of the day this ancient giant will be . One day. as my representative and ruler. until this prodigious thing. he speaks to them after this manner: ‘Since by the divine will I have journeyed thrice to Jerusalem and seven times to Rome for the love of God. monstrous and enormous. what it may be. and curing all sick people. but prayer in place of food and tears in place of drink will be mine. my disciple.’ There the man of God sojourned for the time appointed. which is said to be situated in the middle of Scotland. saint Cadog. and teaching the heathen people. One day. an angel of the Lord appeared to him in a dream. Therefore the man of God arising with three of his disciples went to Scotland. of incredible bulk. it now remains that for the sake of prayer I should go to the church of saint Andrew the Apostle. whose instructions may you be quick to obey in each and every thing and to the best of your powers. returning. said. Which being found. his disciples having assembled in one place. wonderful to relate. But verily do thou strengthen with words thy clergy and the other people. ‘The Lord thy God bids thee through me not to depart hence.’ And they said. is revealed to us by God. which is known to have been built in Albany. the condescension of God deigned to do openly to the praise of his name and the glory of his faithful client. his vigils and prayers there being ended. when he had yielded to sleep. in that night. the cry of thy prayer is acceptable in the ears of the Lord. worthy of mention. ‘Behold. Cadog. but rather to remain here for the space of seven years for the purpose of converting the people of this place to the faith of the Lord. which is on this side of mount Bannog.miracles there done by him. saying. and when. for what thou hast humbly asked of God. ’ Saint Cadog says. horrible and immense. comes to carry us off.’ The man of the Lord asks by what name he was called. or of what kindred sprung? Explain. but my punishment exceeded all the torments of the rest in the enormousness of pains. At this sight everybody in the town. terrified. ‘Caw (with surname) Prydyn. But the king who at that time reigned over this kingdom. and will there reign in felicity with God.’ To these words the giant made reply thus. pursuing us with his army. art thou. or Cawr. thy soul at length will migrate to everlasting glory from this mournful prison of the body. ‘All the things which thou hast bidden. that thou by no means permit my wretched soul.’ But the monstrous hero immediately falls at the feet of the man of God. and after the course of this present life. a phantasm. if thou shalt show faithful and devoted service to God and shalt humbly attend to my teachings. ‘O saint Cadog.raised from the dead. in that place. It happened that by devilish impulse I with troops of my plunderers arrived on these coasts for the sake of pillaging the same and wasting them. And he replies. While he was yet discoursing to the people. and I will willingly bring the same to effect. lo.’ said he. and shalt perform due satisfaction for thy sins. he declared to his people the angelic announcement. there straightway appeared to them a revived giant of huge stature. rising in the morning. ‘The mighty shall suffer torments mightily. was I called formerly. From that day of our killing we were tormented till now in the devouring flames of hell. transfigured into the form of a man. be thou blessed of God and men. As the fame of this miracle spread throughout Scotland. for it has been allowed me of God that thou shalt live longer in this world. when we had joined battle together. saying. pray. seem light to me. ‘Lo. who will be your digger as long as he lives.’ Therefore from that same day till his death the digger of the blessed man wrought by digging what things were commanded him. carefully. the manner of thy exit from this life.’ When these things were heard. till now exceedingly tormented in the awful whirlpools of Cocytus. ‘and be of good cheer. too. ‘Who. since I have transgressed against God more than all of them.’ To whom the man of God. as the Scripture says. ‘Rejoice. to return thither afresh. . slew me and my host. altogether exceeding human measure in size. exclaimed. For I earnestly beseech thy great benignity. the kings of the Scottish folk presented him with twenty-four homesteads. ‘Beyond mount Bannog formerly I reigned for very many years. excellent servant of God.’ The giant answered. Gildas by name. but will offer it on the altar of saint Peter at Rome. Alexander. insisting on the requests already made.§27. ‘My lord. but it produced no sound. struck it. the blessed Cadog returned from that place to his own country. an excellent scholar. ‘A foolish and unfaithful promise is displeasing to God.’ So the supreme pontiff of the apostolic see took it. Then the pope. ‘The man.’ To whom the pope replied. But it is not to be passed over that a certain Briton. saying. ‘I will fill it for thee with money. fashioned by me and carried hither from Ireland.’ But Gildas rejected a second time the offered price.’ The Pope again took the bell. since. ‘This bell. a skilful craftsman. and a very good writer. asked the cleric.’ And he replies. looking intently at the said bell. because he solemnly dedicated it to God and saint Peter. received me in his guest-chamber in the course of this pilgrimage. said. was once known to me. and said. for he journeyed hither on pilgrimage seven times. made it ring with a sweet sound. seeing it has a tongue or iron clapper? Why too is it turned into the nature of lead. received from him at Llancarfan one night’s hospitality. carry back to the blessed Cadog. ‘I will even give thee as much pure gold as it can hold. of whom thou speakest. Carefully examining it. he would. as Solomon says. blessed by me and consecrated. who being the last to strike this present bell. He refused. a certain holy man. which saint Gildas refused to sell to the man of God. The seven years’ limit divinely fixed beforehand (or determined) having at length been completed. wondering greatly. and there abode. But the other added. fulfil the vow. he begged the aforesaid Gildas to assent to make over the bell to him.’ So Gildas then journeyed to Rome with the said bell. God willing. ‘I will not sell it. Llancarfan. he essays to strike it that he might receive its sound in his ears. Of the bell. and showed it to the Roman Pope. son of Caw. living in Britannia. and that it be a sure sanctuary for all . asserting that. And as the beauty and the sound and the colour had pleased him.’ He said he would not sell the bell on any condition. ‘This bell. and to Jerusalem thrice. and blessed it. for the remission of the souls of his parents and his kinsfolk.’ But the blessed Cadog. I will offer to God and saint Peter on the altar of the same. seeing it is iron? Declare (said he) where it sounded last. to wit. arriving thither from the coasts of the Irish with a certain most beautiful mottled bell. Cadog by name. saying. ‘Wherefore gives thy bell no sound. that thereon every principal oath be made. who. called with a loud voice to a certain celibate hermit. brought it back to the blessed Cadog abiding in Llancarfan.’ These words being truly pronounced by the Apostolicus. They also say (or testify) that it spoke twice with human speech. and straightway struck the same with his own hands for sweet sounds. And if anyone shall perjure himself thereon. was sick unto death. It immediately of itself gave forth a sound of sweet melody. who lived across the stream. and because it has been owned by saint Cadog. and they testify that he will again at some time raise a third.Britannia. and will speak a third time. and hastening his journey homewards. So on that account he received the sacred bell more eagerly than before. His entreaties being carried into effect by the aforesaid hermit. was with all of them that same night there entertained. at the township of Aradur. arriving with twenty-four disciples at the house of the said Tylywai. except he were carried across by the rowing of ship or boat. He. the blessed Cadog. and he sent a certain servant of his. imploring him from the heart that he should go quickly to the blessed Cadog and inform him in the matter of his father’s sickness. because it is blessed by me. for his son Cadog. the father of saint Cadog. taking again the oft mentioned bell. Of the death of king Gwynllyw. what before it refused in the presence of the Pope. which in the language of that nation is called Rhiw Morgan. and told him everything which had been enjoined on him by the Apostolicus relating to that bell. the father of the blessed Cadog. and so I will send them this. At that time it was of so great a depth and breadth that no horseman or footman could cross it. by name Tylywai. Radyr. arrived at the river Taff. Istan by name. For the breadth of the same river at that time stretched from the ford of Ponugual as far as the hill (or descent) of king Morgan. unless he have done due penance. that thereby they may agreeably make treaty and peace. between . For I have heard of the incredulity of that race and its rebellious stubbornness. §28. a disciple of saint Cadog. that he might come as soon as possible to see him. the blessed Gildas. proceeding quickly. Now it happened that saint Gwynllyw. he shall without doubt be anathema here and hereafter. Thus for two reasons will all the Britons reverence this bell. Therefore the aforesaid messenger. Old learned men of the Britons also say that the Lord for love of saint Cadog raised two dead persons to life by means of this bell. not finding a skiff to cross the river. to wit. whereof it is said ‘What ails thee. do not leave this river in a state of this sort. let it be for ever diminished in its depth as also in its breadth. and whereever it pleases thee.’ And the man of God prayed together with his clerics that the aforesaid river might continue for ever smaller in accordance with the petition of the prayer of Tylywai. that men on foot may be able to pass through it. ‘Take my bachall with thee. and straightway the Lord will cause a spring of living water to flow for our need. strike into the ground with its end. ‘Sir. whilst the man of God was deeply pondering in his mind over several things. and going with them to the shore of the aforesaid stream. blessed Cadog rose up with all his companions. like to the river Jordan in the ministry of Christ’s baptism. how at daybreak he might cross the river. for previously he was accustomed by the will of God to catch one fish each night. an angel of the Lord appeared to him saying. when thou hast arrived at the mar gin of this great river. Jordan. before you depart hence. but let it flow in its former course. As they prayed. and the spring too is far off. lo. Moreover the blessed man being thirsty asked him to give him a drink. flowed down to the ocean precipitately all the way along its wonted channel. that thou wast turned back?’ Blessed Cadog and his company crossing through the channel of the river dry-shod. he there fulfilled the angelic commands. Now Tylywai went as was his wont to the river for the sake of fishing. that thou fleddest. the Lord God will divide this river for you. having sure confidence in the Lord. O sea. and thou. the leader of the Israelitish people. For to-morrow.’ The man of the Lord extended his bachall to him. saying. saying. because God is to thee a strong helper. and will cause you on this side of the same to go over dry-shod. but on that night he enmeshed in his net twenty-four for the supper of the blessed Cadog and his companions.’ And so it happened.Llandaff and the wood. ‘Be of firm mind. but. neither be troubled nor anxious for the uncertainty of this matter. if it can be done. we have no liquor here suitable for a drink. the vast stream. To whom Tylywai replied. the above mentioned Tylywai called after them. So the river Taff being struck is immediately divided. as an immense torrent breaking forth headlong from broken rocks. that one may fish therein. after the manner of a foaming sea suddenly overflowing. ‘Dear servant of God. That night. striking the river three times in the name of the Holy Trinity after the manner of Moses. taking a rod in hand. but its breadth and depth have . the upper part flowing towards the mountain and the lower part to the sea.’ So when the light of dawn broke. said. which is called from his name in the British tongue Eglwys Wynllyw. be buried in the cemetery of thy monastery of Llancarfan. And he with renewed spirit. ‘I summoned thee hither to me. also to go back to fetch the book. Barruc and Gualehes. to another island. named Barren. for which thou hast long endured many injuries and some losses. Cam. leaders and household inmates. was dead. Barry. Wherefore he commanded that that heap (or congeries) of stones should be called by the name of the aforesaid worshipper of God. it carried down on the land of the aforesaid hermit. rock. that is. Of the submersion of saints Barruc and Walees. Withdrawing thence the venerable man came to his sick father. in the presence of all here standing by and hearing my testament. which is now called Holm. he was buried by the wall on the south side in his own monastery. manual book. as if torn from an infernal abyss. When Gwynllyw. that is.been less to this day. he told the blessed man. he asked his aforesaid disciples for his enchiridion. rejoicing not a little at his coming. also nobles. At another time it happened that blessed Cadog one day sailed with his two disciples. For in this place let none be buried except exiles and women dying in childbirth. said he. to wit. Therefore now. and of the manual found in the salmon’s belly. I commit to thee even as formerly the whole of my country. But whoever shall not keep it. Moreover I concede to thee this privilege. may God destroy him in this life and in the future one. Cadog. went back with his clerics to his own place. and has consented to bestow on me his compassion. that is. Also a huge rock. may God keep him now and on. and left there. blessing his son. the father of blessed Cadog. When the hermit had seen this so. who. till one is come to the entrance of the river Naddawan. Burning with anger he . said to him. ‘Be thou blessed’. Whoever shall keep the mandate of this privilege. that thou mightest hear my confession at the close of my life. from the old well. ‘Amen’. that from the spring.’ Then the blessed Cadog gave him the viaticum of the eucharist. all kings and counts. and received his confession.’ And all the people answered. §29. On hearing this he compelled them to board ship at once. from the island of Echni. Tylywai. When he had prosperously touched port. ‘because through thee the Lord has had mercy on me. which in British is called Ffynnon Hen. the exequies of his father being duly and honourably performed. But they confessed that through forgetfulness they had left it behind in the aforesaid island. also some slain by their rapacious teeth. lo. About the ninth hour the servant of God.uttered a reproof of this sort against them. How saint Cadog in Cornwall produced from the earth by prayers a health-giving well. several sheep there having been torn by them. they found the aforesaid book in its entrails. they attempted to swim across the channel towards Britannia. When they had disembowelled it. the boat being unexpectedly overturned. When his sheep were feeding on the aforesaid island of Echni. Cadog. Cadog. Nor yet does it weary the goodness of God to add to marvels greater marvels. they were drowned. Another miracle no less wonderful divine compassion deigns to perform on account of the merits of his faithful servant. because the wolves had provoked the servant of God and torn his sheep. For formerly. quickly entered the vessel according to their preceptor’s bidding. The man of the Lord. they found on the sand a salmon of wondrous size. and rejoicing they bring it back to their preceptor.’ Then the disciples. by divine judgement they were transformed into stones. Also. they soon returning on their watery course even to the midst of the sea. but it pleases him to make his renowned servant more renowned with signs and miracles. desiring to refresh with food his body wasted with fastings. and buried there. cast up by the sea. The body of Barruc was found. which is from his name called Barren to this day. Wales. which are called in the British speech Cunbleid. §30. on the Barrensian shore. giving God thanks. and made for the aforesaid island by rowing. Gualees. At length. bade his followers to get fish for him for supper. declared openly to all that nothing was impossible to God. the aforesaid volume being recovered. to wit. and from a distance watching them in mid-ocean. whilst he provides a most celebrated remedy and solace for human weakness. As they were going to sea for the purpose of fishing. Of wolves transformed into stones. and white. that is. never to return. . unhurt by any injury of waters. ‘Go ye. When they had come to its midst. receiving it with alacrity. §31. making no delay. The body of the other. and buried in the same island. was carried by the sea to the island of Echni. two wolves arrived by swimming from England to that place. the man of God sitting on the top of a hill in Barren. when the same most illustrious man had come from the mount of St. wolf-like stones. Therefore blessed Cadog pierced the ground with his bachall. Wherefore it became more sacred by this inpouring and mingling. §33. whereof he filled a waterskin. so may it the poisonous plagues of bodies. Where Christ washed those whom the first man tainted. and immediately on the spot a copious spring gushed forth from the soil. The place where this happened was exceedingly arid. Of the thief who stole the ox. and as it quenched our raging thirst. To those imbued with filth this fountain is a cause of salvation. may receive therefrom healing of divers diseases. The sacred water brought he put into the aforesaid well. God’s grace assenting thereto. ‘Let us. . when Moses struck the rock with a rod and waters flowed in abundance. For previously it restored some to health. Peter. earnestly entreat the divine bounty that all. Holy Cadog. desiring to go on pilgrimage after an interval of time. afterwards the Jordanic river.’ For if any sick person drink from that fount. but afterwards it cured more than a hundredfold.Michael—which is known to be in the region of the Cornishmen. bringing it with him to Britain. He visited the thresholds of St. After the Cornishmen had perceived that by divine pity frequent recoveries of health of both sexes were incessantly being effected at the same well. where the same archangel is venerated by all who come there—hot and fatigued with the journey he thirsted much. he said to his companions. and in the speech of that province is called Dinsol. whom at that time they used to call the sexton of Llancarfan. who come ill to this sacred fount. they built a little church of stone by the fountain in honour of saint Cadog. he will receive soundness of belly and bowels. and he will throw up in his vomit all slimy worms out of himself. §32. Of the commingling of the Jordanic water in the Cornish well. then Jerusalem. brethren. and therefrom both he and they who accompanied him all drank abundantly after the manner of the Israelitish people thirsting in the wilderness. constrained by the command of the abbot and the necessity of the clerics. Now it happened that on a day an official of saint Cadog. From thence comes the revered water of Cadog. trusting firmly in the Lord. brought his wish to effect. which he by prayers produced from the soil in the Cornish province. When all were satisfied with water. that is. he shall by no means put it on altogether without leave of the cleric.’ Then the rustic. obeying his orders. and brandishing it with shaking hand said ‘O stupid. . thou shalt die the death at once. constrained by any business. for I have perpetrated the crime of theft as to the ox. who had taken by theft a certain ox. but clad in half his clothes and with bare feet. throws himself prone at the feet of that cleric. I have committed perjury besides. here is the knife of saint Cadog. Rhydderch by name. moved by necessity. the king with those standing by made an offering to the gospel of Gildas. shall have proceeded to anyone of the stem (or progeny) of Lyuthyly. carrying with him the gospel of Gildas.’ Which being known. and also endowed the cleric with a gift. being much terrified.proceeded to the court of a certain regulus. bearing the Gospel of Gildas. Then the sexton came up to him. but he will die speedily. and suddenly for a joke bared his knife of no small size. yea. ‘For the love of God and saint Cadog have mercy on me. If anyone of the clerics of Carfan Valley. carrying the particoloured bell. If anyone of the progeny of Cynaethwy shall have committed perjury on that gospel. This is the tradition of that volume. saying. Llancarfan. but let him go back with him quickly half-nude to the Valley of Carfan. If thou perjure thyself thereon. without the permission of the cleric let him not clothe himself entirely. and offered it to saint Cadog. his life will be shortened. if by chance he finds him putting on his garment. and so that codex is called the Gospel of Gildas. if by chance he shall have found him putting on a tunic or cloak. When blessed Gildas lived serving God in the island of Echni. let him go without delay to the Valley of Carfan. may his life be shortened. confessing guilt. §34. There was in that court the same day an action against a certain rustic. shall have come up to anyone of the offspring of Cynaethwy. And if anyone of the clerics of the Valley of Carfan. going forth. and delivered the thief in perpetual servitude to the monastery of saint Cadog. he wrote a mass book. he denying with all his might the crime charged against him. If anyone of the offspring of Lyuthyli shall have made a lying oath on the particoloured bell. when he was his confessor. Of the Gospel of Gildas. because it will penetrate thine entrails. Of such a kind too is the tradition of the parti-coloured bell. nor will he be enriched by inheritance. but now I earnestly bid you persevere constant in God's service. and told them his vision.’ Consequently lauds having been rendered to God according to wont. and for three days and nights they fasted. Of an edifice of religion. one night. ‘Sir. we shall gladly do. but it behoves thee to return home quickly. arrived seasonably at the harbour of that land. it is not lawful for thee to dwell here any longer. the bridge gave way. when Cadog of revered memory had gone to Rome. they fell prone on the earth. none inhabiting it. most faithful of the servants of God. he duly and prosperously reached his own basilica of Llancarfan.’ In fact he built there an elegant basilica of stone. since thy clerics grieve for thy long absence not a little. entreating the Lord for solace on account of so great a misfortune. which the man of God built in Armorica. he heard addressing him an angelic voice. he said to his followers. if it shall be well-pleasing to you. But the third night a voice from . when at once in the twinkling of an eye. ‘most dear in the Lord. he summoned all the monks to him. ‘Cadog. He. what seems good to thee. having the arches joined together with quarried stone. and had travelled through all places of saints established throughout Italy and Gaul for the sake of seeing the relics of the saints. situated in the sea.§35. Cadwaladr by name. Not long after. and here. distant from the shore by the space of a third part of one league. pursuing him with the desire of the spirit and the gazing of the eyes in the way whereon he had gone. returning to the church in very great grief. while he was indulging in sleep. immense tracts of land having been crossed. brethren. it happened that he came to a certain province.’ And they answering said. entering a boat with his disciples. saying. being very weary of the absence of their master. ‘Ah. which formerly Armorica. I desire to tarry. Seeing it to be fair and fertile. and. I can here no longer tarry. ‘Ah well. My companions and brothers. but now is called Lesser Britain. In that time. He heard that in that place was a certain island. But afterwards he caused to be built by masons a stone bridge skilfully constructed with vaulted work. while they were gazing.’ These words being heard. so ruinously reduced to nought as though it had never been made. the monks of the aforesaid island went out to look at the sea. he began to take his homeward way. Which seen. These things finished. When he had blessed his disciples and had received from them leave to depart. He then appointed a prior for them in his place from his disciples. then Llydaw. this place with God’s approval I choose.’ said he. they all began to weep bitterly. When the celebration of the mass was ended. For blessed Cadog is called by the same race Catbodu. Of the rustic who gazed unlawfully on the tombs of saint Cadog’s disciples. and by the optic nerve hung down his face. wherein are found very many kinds of fruits. therefore. said to the presbyters. ran to the opening. for to-morrow you will see the bridge standing entire and undamaged. they said to him. emitting a . and found the bridge uninjured. and sooner than said the open eye cracked. ‘God for love of saint Cadog has listened to your deprecation. ‘Go. all the dwellers in that province gave honour and praise to God and to saint Cadog. which are said to confer the cure of divers diseases. §36. that is. and seven times stronger than it had been before.’ Lauds having been sung. noisy with loud clamour in the midst of the peoples. for with the other open he looked through the window. on this side of the mountain Bannauc. or one ordained. So thereupon the rustic. praising and blessing the Lord. This miracle becoming widely known throughout the whole of that land. through which kings and magnates of that country. and from his name that island has taken its name. and may saint Cadog cause that a mark of vengeance appear on thee. and covered one eye with his hand placed thereon. Brethren having gathered therein. he appointed that devout service to God should be given by them for ever. they returned joyful to their oratory. ‘Will you let me go to the opening that I may look through it?’ Replying. Long ago the same patron of revered memory built an elegant monastery of stone work in Albania. And when they had diligently examined the bridge hither and thither. But there is a certain opening outside in the wall of the porch. a certain foolish rustic. the prior told the clerics the revelation disclosed to him by God. In a certain porch of this monastery the bodies of three of his disciples are lying buried in marble sepulchres. Now a multitude of people was gathered together in wonted manner on the day of the festival of saint Cadog to hear mass. Then for exceeding joy the monks ran as quickly as possible to see the thing promised. saying. mis Catbodu. put in their hands and perform the solemnities of an oath. But no one dares to inspect the sarcophagi of the same except a bachelor or virgin. If any one breaks that oath. he will go down to death before the end of that year. Scotland. if by chance a matter of great dissension has arisen among them.’ The rash fellow.heaven is sent to the prior of that place in dreams. ‘God hath decreed that thou shalt now depart from the land of Britannia. and there suddenly a bright cloud shall cover thee. The angel of the Lord appeared to the blessed Cadog in sleep on the eve of Palm Sunday. Therefrom his compatriots were learning to fear God more and more. when thou shalt be about to descend from the cloud. Here ends the Life of saint Cadog. Here begins the Passion of the same on January 24th in the Beneventan monastery. the whole multitude with uplifted voices poured forth praises to God and saint Cadog. the abbot of that monastery in that same hour will be honourably committed to the grave in thy presence. and in that place. ‘All things that shall be ordered me by the Lord I will the more gladly bring to effect to the best of my power. who also is Sophias. For no one is able to unfold all his wondrous acts. thou shalt delay a little while. answering him.’ Indeed the rustic likewise went about from place to place throughout the whole province of Lintheamina. but how I shall depart hence I am completely ignorant. saying.’ The blessed man. hurried in mad course towards the crowds of people. But as it is too laborious to set in order with a pen all the miracles and prodigies of this holy patron. When he was seen. How saint Cadog was translated from Nant Carfan to Beneventum in a white cloud. says. And this shall be a sign to thee. as Elijah in a fiery chariot to Paradise. that he might show them the rent orb of the eye. covering his torn eye. halting thy step. His body being at length buried after the . saying to him. and so on it in the body thou shalt be carried to the Beneventan monastery.’ To him the angel: Now verily tomorrow after thou shalt have preached the gospel to thy people. ‘From the rising of the sun and the setting the name of the Lord is to be praised. let these few from many suffice those who read devoutly. and reverently to glorify him with his saint. Now to tell in what manner he was translated in a white cloud from Britain to the Beneventan city.great and mournful lamentation. unless Cadog himself were to rise from death. thou shalt return to the place which is by thy fortress where thou wast wont to rest after thy preaching. Many used to bestow a reward on him. we have thought it worth while with the divine approval to turn our pen. §37. But if any one shall inflict any crime (or. brethren. the monks of that same monastery will substitute thee in his room as abbot. that no mundane powerful king or bishop or nobleman ever judge over you as to any controversy or injury. or any of you injure another. For God hath chosen him that he should be appointed over you in the place of your abbot. he made a procession according to custom with the relics of the saints. and. since he is holy. therefore. At length having finished his address.’ Elli indeed alone knew of this matter and bore these words heavily in his heart. And let the abbot . Wherefore thou shalt entrust thy principal town.manner of abbots.’ The blessed Cadog. verily. and there. About the first hour on Palm Sunday. what had been predicted to him by the angel. and shalt appoint him a teacher and a ruler to them. he preached to the people from a mound. And let the place of judgement be beneath the shadow of my Hazel bush. which in whatever way may be pronounced respecting you. he speaks according to the angelic command to all who were standing by with words of this sort. is about to come hither to you. or in any other cause whatsoever. to be ruler over you and teacher. let your judges be from among yourselves. For I am myself ignorant of the end of my life. rising early in the morning. which in British is called Pistyll Catwg. For to-day I appoint my disciple. as far as the nil of saint Cadog. with all the clergy and thy people to thy celibate disciple. And about the third service after preaching he returns with the whole company to his fort and there he tarried renewing his discourse. as your abbot will die this night. and do you receive him gladly. a certain wise western British cleric. related to Elli.’ And in the same night the same messenger of God is shown in a vision in sleep to the prior of the Beneventan monastery announcing these things. ‘I order you this in the name of the Lord. because he is full of the wisdom of God. Then the man of God commanded them all. and he will be called Sophias by you. which is by the same nil. which I myself planted near the monastery. humbly obeying him. and let the defendant give his pledge to abide by right judgement into the hand of the abbot at the time of judgement. until the third hour. Elli. as they say. the people following them. after conferring with Elli secretly concerning these matters which I have just mentioned. loss) against you. ‘Tomorrow. in the sight of all. and says. that he be appointed abbot over you. Elli. Llancarfan. his very dear virgin auditor. and do you beg earnestly of your bishop. ‘Hear me. a chosen servant of God. proceeding from the church with the clergy. and receive my words into your ears. serve him. they joyfully with common consent ordained him abbot over them. weary with vigils. did they know that it was he of whom the angel spoke previously to the prior. complained to saint Sophias. But the workmen who laboured being in want of water. which I have written. and on this account abandoning their task unfinished. and called him Sophias. approach the wall of the monastery.place it on the altar. If any one shall contemn this command or break it. . And verily. an angel. the blessed Cadog. in the quiet of sleep. for we are unable to find water close by. And shortly afterwards the saint likewise fortified a great part of the same town with a wall. he at once knew their language perfectly by the gift of the Holy Spirit. and immediately. which had fallen previously into decay. as the enclosure had been built with the mud of the earth. in the twinkling of an eyelid. arrived with haste to view the monastery wall which had been begun. and all alike fell flat on their faces on the ground. monks. and may an angel of God accompany him in all places. and likewise they knew his. For in the same hour. And so all falling on the ground.’ Therefore saint Sophias prayed that night to the Lord that he would deign to show him how he should do in this matter. and may God add to the length of his life. saying. gently consoles him lest he should be sad on this account. when he had laid down his limbs. But he who shall keep it. a congregation of all the clergy. may he be blessed. was seen descending from the cloud in the Beneventan monastery in the midst of those who were burying their abbot. the brightness of God suddenly shone round about them.’ While he was yet speaking. So the saint according to the angel’s bidding quickly casting himself at dawn from his pallet. and he foretold that there he would find a copious well for the need of the builders. For they saw that he was filled with divine wisdom. lo. Now after prayer. ‘From now we cannot by any means work. descending from the air. and very many persons having been assembled. and let them decide truth according to the true finding of a synod and the procedure of my judicial book. nor shall he live long or ever find abundance of good. rising early. unable to look at the radiance of so great a light. and moreover bids him. soon. even when it was ordered previously by the angel that he should be called by that name. and there found a deep well by the wall. And wonderful to relate. vanished from their sight. may he be cursed in the judgement of the Supreme Judge. together with the bishop of that same monastery. and the ruin was gradually increasing. caught in a white cloud. giving thanks to God for this. Choose now by what death thou wilt.’ He answers him. ‘Be strong’. in a vision of the night he heard an angcl of the Lord.§38. In fact eight very handsome marble tombs of theirs are to be found therein. speaking to him. that on the following day without loss of time they should by divine command advance saint Sophias to the rank of pontiff. §39. whilst he indulged in sleep. That night also the same heavenly messenger revealed to the archdeacon. For tomorrow a certain cruel king will ravage this monastery. said to the angel. for God is with thee. ‘Ready am I for martyrdom. How saint Cadog is raised to be the Beneventan Bishop. whose graves indeed are placed together in one row in succession before the altar from wall to wall. ‘I adopt martyrdom as my choice. since it is more precious in the sight of God than all deaths. migrate to the eternal kingdom. ‘Behold there is given to thee from the Lord a choice. will enter the monastery. quitting this mortal life.’ And so the blessed Sophias. and they unanimously place saint Sophias in the chair of the episcopacy. Now Elli was wont at different times to go as far as the Beneventan monastery for the sake of visiting the blessed Cadog. while the same bishop continued in episcopal dignity and ruled his diocese justly and holily. ‘in heart and mind. and. whilst thou wilt be celebrating the divine mysteries of the mass. And so when the bishop of that monastery was dead. said he. for by this death our Lord Jesus Christ and his apostles and many others triumphed over the world and . and piercing thee with the point of a spear will cruelly slay thee over the altar. So the archdeacon together with the community of clerics with the addition of the laity related in the presence of all that by the revelation of an angel a divine announcement was notified to him respecting the promotion of saint Sophias. the following night an angel of the Lord appeared in a vision to the blessed Sophias. How saint Elli was wont to visit the blessed Cadog every year. a certain soldier. together with some of his disciples.’ To whom the angel. informing him from the Lord that he should receive the order of episcopacy. who also is Sophias. leaving his confederates. on each of which occasions of visiting the same some died there and were honourably buried in the monastery of saint Sophias. And the report of the archdeacon pleased all who were listening. And after a little time. ‘Almighty Lord. He straightway. saint Sophias stood unterrified and did not interrupt the celebration of the mass even a little. Jesus Christ. as was his wont. ‘Cadog.’ And turning to the Lord he continues his petition as follows. having collected his army. with impetuous speed and fuming wrath pierced him with a lance as he stood by the holy altar and offered the salutary consecration of the Lord’s Body and Blood. therefore. lo. Aid the Christians who dwell in my monasteries. and bestow grace on my body. wrapped in white linen. and I will not grieve thee. for thou art blessed. in a silver coffin. some of which troops came into the monastery to plunder. ‘Lord Jesus Christ. the aforesaid tyrant. wasted the suburbs contiguous to the town. and what things thou hast asked I will render thee. And I say unto thee that if any one in great tribulation. Lord. and forgive them their crimes. covered with his blood. and may every pestilence be far removed from them. receive my spirit. grant me my request. so that they may venerate me on earth and glorify thee for ever in heaven. although he was aware of this onslaught. he fortified himself with the saving sign of the cross and gave up his spirit into the hands of the Almighty. Wherefore.’ And lo. Then forthwith one of the horsemen. and as the day brightened about the first hour he put on the mass vestments to celebrate the divine sacrifice. ascend to the kingdom of my father. he shall be freed from that straitness of tribulation. being mindful of thy name.gained the glory of the heavenly kingdom.’ Also for his slayer after the manner of the blessed proto-martyr Stephen he humbly prayed. my servant. suddenly there shone a great light on the people intent on his funeral rites and those assembled to bury him. And lo. shall call through thee upon me. since thou wert mindful of me in death. for he knew not what he did. and with eyes raised to heaven. So they bore his body and placed it. drive demons far off. And verily as he there sang mass. nor barrenness in their fields. entering the church in which saint Sophias consecrated the Lord’s sacrament. lay not the sin to his charge. invisible King. commended his soul to the Lord. to lauds. on waking arose. the Saviour. Let there be no sterility in their produce. and carried it to a place of burial with .’ And after the Lord had spoken to him. so that none of them could endure it. that all who shall possess some part of my bones or of the bones of my disciples may perform miracles. saying. while outcries and wailings resounded on all sides throughout the monastery. ‘Lord. a voice is sent down from a white cloud. saying.’ The good Sophias (who also is Cadog). and let them be enriched with abundance of all goods. will like a sea overwhelm the whole fort and all its inhabitants. and prayers. came to Glamorgan with a large company of followers to plunder and devastate. but also after his transit from the prison-house of this deceitful world he accomplished innumerable marvels and signs. what. as far as the monastery of Mammelliat. [OF MIRACLES AFTER HIS DECEASE] §40. and there . Nay. vigils. even from Llancarfan. did many things known to God only and unknown to mortals. Then the clergy of the renowned Cadog. having heard the report of his impiety. whilst he flourished in this life. He not only performed miracles during his life. Which is so done. together with the soil. who with God the Father and the Holy Ghost lives and reigns for ever and ever. into which no Briton is permitted to enter. a certain sheriff of the English. Demons were put to flight from those possessed. and walking to the lame. at Llancarfan. it is agreed. Amen. Of the bellowing of saint Cadog’s shrine when struck by a certain person. very strong in troops. shunning human praise. Sight was restored to the blind.hymns and psalms and chants and many lights. After the departure of the most glorious Cadog from transitory affairs to eternal. So in his honour they built a great basilica over his venerable tomb. fasts. shall arrive there from Britain. and honourably buried him. they predict that after the removal of his sacred body the blessed spring that is by the fort. to wit. So saint Cadog (or Sophias). and shall at some time by the theft of the relics of his body carry away from there the sacred soil and after the removal of that most precious deposit shall cause all the miracles and all the grace of that saint to depart with the most precious relics of his body. where he was born. as the learned of the Beneventan monastery say. and the death of the striker. which God caused to flow from the ground for the need of the workmen owing to his prayers. is more grievous and horrible to hear. The leprous were cleansed. And verily many more miracles occurred at the monument of his sarcophagus since his departure than previously during his life. because it may be that a Briton from his chief monastery. from that place to his own land. Britain. through the power of our Lord Jesus Christ. to wit. since he never by any interval of interruption neglected perseverance in his frugality and thrift. called by the name Eilaf. seeking a place of safety. fled from Llancarfan with the shrine of the saint and other relics. Of the ox. a horde of plunderers. which I have mentioned above. On a certain occasion Maredudd. that he might reign over it. but its flesh could not by any means even be roasted on coals or boiled in water. Then each one taking his own ox. the sorry violator of that shrine melted away in the sight of the whole army. quickly to put back the wing in its position. Of the breaking of the iron rings. restored again to life. Wherefore stirred by mad wrath. and concealed it in his bosom. astonished with the pain of the heat. one of them madder than the rest ran the faster. he ordered all the aforesaid oxen to be returned to their owners. king of Rheinwg. and terrified exceedingly the whole army. and immediately a great earthquake occurred in those parts. When they had seen this prodigy. struck with terror. withdrew from that place. §41. appeared among the rest unhurt. but could not even shift it from the monastery. and compelled him. one more wretched than the rest. Danes and English. it gave forth a loud bellow like a bull. So they brought up a hundred oxen. This was killed and cut in pieces to prepare roasted flesh for the hungry king and also his companions. sought to take it away with them. when the shrine had been abandoned by them. §42. At length. [returned] praising and glorifying God for his precious servant Cadog. and it immediately burnt his bosom like fire. who.hid themselves. rushed upon) them. . and safe. all. and with all their strength from four even to a hundred men tried to raise it up. driven from their booty. On its being struck. And when they were all brought together. came to Glamorgan with a strong force of enemies. And whilst they were sojourning there awhile with the shrine and relics. and afterwards they lacked inclination to plunder the monasteries of the afore-mentioned patron and also ceased to devastate his lands. drawn by greed. alive. like wax in front of the fire. When it had been put back. broke off its gilded wing with an axe. came to (or. it adhered firmly as though it had been joined by a welding of gold. seeing the shrine. struck it a blow. When this was done. the slaughtered ox. cut up into pieces and boiled. When this was told the king. among which was one very fat which had been snatched from the blessed Cadog’s townsmen. Wherefore after arrival he gave orders to gather loot and to drive off oxen to the camp for food. and taking up a strong cudgel. he forgave them the offence of his death. When this was seen. resolved to invade the whole of Glamorgan. in order that not one but all equally should be responsible for this homicide. who had been slain a little before. Again the same saint possesses part of a field in Ireland on the bank of the river Liffey. they receive him honourably. telling him all that they had seen in respect of this miracle. they sat on the bank of the great river Neath. §42. inflamed with anger. the scars being healed. And while mass was being celebrated. and looking back. and after slaughtering men and looting cattle and goods to claim it for himself. where he had a certain most faithful steward. when he heard these things. And the king. And having moved up the camp. as he very often shut up in confinement his neighbours’ animals. Cynan by name. came from the east to the monastery of the aforesaid saint on the day of his festival. and make him an heir. enlarged the bounds of the field of that memorable patron. surnamed Carwyn. Wherefore that this miracle might be manifest to all. assembled to him a hundred armed men. The learned of the Irish. which. each one singly with one stroke of his sword they killed him with many wounds. appeared no more than bruises made with reeds. At one time a king of Reinmuc. Then all grovelling at his feet. And this is said to be a prognostic of their justice and an ancient token. they broke those three iron bands in the sight of all the people. who live at Clonard in the monastery of his blessed disciple Finian. and magnified him throughout his whole life. who boldly protected his master’s cornfields lest his neighbours’ cattle should feed off them. standing sound. Of the bending of a tree under the feet of a preacher. they quickly directed their course to him. even as one of them.Now after much time three strangers. And they departing thence went together to the king. if any one of the clergy of saint Cadog should go to them. bound with iron rings. §43. they suspended those rings over the altar. So all striking him in turn. they saw him. that he should undo the lock of the monastery by touch of hand without a key. and together they attacked the blessed man’s overseer. Of the murdered overseer brought back to life again. Whilst they were retreating after his death. But. observing how soon the wounds of his head had been cured. a strong force of enemies having been collected. the head of that province. When this was . also testify that. earnestly entreated the clergy of the oft-mentioned saint that they should go to meet the king of Reinmuc together with the relics and coffin of the same patron. wherein tears were poured out to God with petitions. and humbly beg of him that he should not inflict any injury on them undeservedly. When this was seen. Never on his lips was aught except Christ and what things pertain to him for the furtherance of human amendment. the tree under that cleric’s feet began to bend itself by degrees as far as the ground. except in hours of prayer. It is because this present writer is not clever by way of speech. one of them climbed up a high tree with a mottled bell that he might address the king from there. §45. None can tell the miracles done by Cadog. Amen. and to make itself a means of crossing in place of a bridge that he. And therefore on account of all these things and others like them. Daily in the Holy Spirit he sought those things which were not his own but Jesus Christ’s. struck with fear. The genealogy of the most blessed Cadog begins with the most . Then calling to the king from the top of the tree. pardon Him who wrote [this] life—his sins. Of the genealogy of the blessed Cadog. he preached to him of the miracles of blessed Cadog. since they had not been able to cross the river on account of the excessive inundation of waters. Three and One. judging none unjustly. by name Lifris. or prosperity exalt. despising none! No one ever beheld him too joyful or sorrowful. nor in his heart was aught except peace and steadfast piety with pity. in company with the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit. Nor on any occasion did adversity break him. the king of Glamorgan. power and might. to whom is honour and glory.ascertained. passing across the river. he shines in heaven in unfading and inestimable and everlasting glory. and returned from that place in peace to his own habitation with the whole array of his army. which eye hath not seen nor ear heard nor hath it entered into the heart of man. in whom was found no guile. for he was a chosen temple of the ‘blessed breath’ (or of the Holy Spirit). the true almighty God. the aforesaid king conferred the protection of peace on the whole land. dominion and government. Whilst he was preaching. the creator of the round world. 0 truly blessed man. Whilst they were going with the relics to the bank of the river Neath. might talk to the king face to face. for ever and ever. continuing without end. May Christ. and Aaron. who persecuted the Christians in all the world. Nor begat Solor. Glywys begat Gwynllyw. Cantguic by name. Valerianus begat Cleopatra. Meobus begat Severus. Aurelianus begat Alexander. Gordianus begat Philip. Tiberius begat Gaius. Cleopatra ‘begat’ Aurelianus. Galerius begat Constantine the Great. with whom the soldiers of the Britons went out from Britain. and he it was who killed Gratian. Oudolenn begat Eudos. of whom we are speaking. and many others suffered martyrdom. son of Helena. Aurelianus begat Titus. Commodus begat Meobus. Solor begat Glywys. Aballach begat Baallad. A tracing back of the genealogy of saint Cadog. Probus begat Carocius. Alban Julian. Adrian begat Antonius. Peter and Paul. Domician begat Nero. Owain begat Nor. Alexander begat Maximus. the Bretons). whom he brought with him from Britain. Augustus Caesar. Vespasian begat Titus. emperor of the Romans. the mother of saint Cadog. Brachan begat Gladusa. to wit. Antonius begat Maucanus. Gaius begat Claudius. Antonius begat Commodus. And so Maximian begat Owain. For in his period (or time) blessed martyrs. that is. and on account of their valour did not allow the fighting men. Constantine begat Constantius. Octavian begat Tiberius. And from those knights is sprung the race. §46. Maucanus begat Aurelianus. Baallad begat Oudolenn. Claudius begat Vespasian. which is called Llydaw (to wit. the mother of Jesus Christ. begat Octavian. Crug Ochideint. even from the pooi. Beli begat Aballach. Briscethach begat Brusc. and as far as the western mound. Titus begat Domician. which is on the top of Mount Jove as far as the city. Trajan begat Adrian. Anna. in whose time Christ was born. Brusc begat Urbf. Gwynllyw begat the most blessed Cadog. whom learned men say was the cousin of the Virgin Mary.noble emperors of the Romans. Severus begat Antonius. Maximus begat Gordianus. and he held the empire of all Europe. Titus begat Probus. Anlach begat Brachan. Nero begat Trajan. Carocius begat Dioclician. under whom suffered the apostles of Christ. bare Beli. Constantius begat Maximian. This is the genealogy of Gladusa on the side of her mother from the race of the Kings of the Morcanentes and the Mecumentes. starting from the time of the Incarnation of Jesus Christ. Dioclitian begat Galerius. Gallus begat Valerianus. but assigned them several provinces and regions. Urbf begat Anlach. Eudos . to return to their native land. Decius begat Gallus. Philip begat Decius. The genealogy is traced back of the mother of the same saint on the side of her father from the best stocks of the kings of the Irish. Erbic begat Yrb. which gardeners cultivated who had the task of arranging the grounds and gardens. First. Idnerh begat Teitfall. which were called from ancient times the possessions of the courts. Aballach begat Baallad. Rimetel begat Grat. mother of Gwynllyw. Tacit begat Patern Peis Rudauc. Of [the canons and their possessions]. Oudicant begat Ritigirnus. Meouric begat Erbic.begat Ebiud. Teudiric. Amgoloit begat Guordubn. and as many shares of arable land. which the Doctor possesses with a share of land in the Castle. Etern begat Cuneda. Outigirun begat Oudicant. Coilhen begat Guorgust. who begat Marchell. Guotepauc begat Coilhen. Guorceng begat Ceint. and of guarding the guest chambers . wherein there were eighty acres. Credic begat Guaul. father of the venerable Cadog. Of the genealogy of the mother of king Gwynllyw. Tecmant begat Guotepauc. repeated from the above-mentioned woman. Henninni bare Mouric. Patern begat Etern. Oumiud begatAnguerit. in which the canons might have their buildings. which he himself founded from the beginning by the election of God and men according to the Divine purpose. The court of Benignus. Now Gwynllyw begat the most holy Cadog. The court of Aidan Bloch with the share Niaysgurthin . with the homestead Treimgueithen. Baallad bare Euguein. and moreover as many homesteads. Teilpuill begat Teuhuant. the court of the hermitage. Cuneda begat Credic. mother of Gladusa. which is the Priest’s. where saint Cadog had a dwelling. Ceint begat Tacit. Ritigirnus begat Rimetel. his daughter. who was made a martyr in Gwent. Doli begat Guorceng. Teitfall begat Teudiric. §49. Urban begat Teilpuill. Guordubn begat Dubn. wherefrom they had necessaries of raiment and food. §48. §47. Teuhuant begat Tecmant. to wit. Saint Cadog appointed thirty-six canons. Merchiaun begat Cinmarch. Cinmarch begat Henninni. Guordoli begat Doli. and as many courts. Beli begat Aballach. Brithguein begat Dubunn. Guorgust begat Merchiaun. Ebiud begat Outigirun. Anna bare Beli. The court situated by the Hazel. Grat begat Urban. Now Gladusa bare the blessed Cadog. Dubunn begat Oumiud. Euguein begat Brithguein. which is the property of the Abbot. Yrb begat Idnerh. Anguerit begat Amgoloit. Merthir Teudiric. who should continually and by their rule serve Nantcarfan church. Dubn begat Guordoli. The court of the Bakery with the homestead of Nantbucelis. who arrived at the church for sanctuary. First six parts were given. The court of Crucinan with the homestead Crucpilia. The court of Arguistil with the share Ygrestyl and the homestead of Hentrem Dumbrych. the priest. The court of Cynblust without part of the church. §51. which no dubious character ought to visit. to wit. §50. the second to the Doctor for teaching. The court of the Consulate with the share by Talcathlan with the homestead of Talpontymit. who had no share with the clergy except in land-portions and foods. Nant Carthau. with the share of Cair Arthan. To the Abbot the first for his demesne. The court of Tremlech with a share beyond the cross. his disciple and successor dwelt. The court of Gurci. that is. that is. The White court. The court of Albryt son of Cynuyt with the homestead Alt Cynuit. The court of Elphin. Whosoever shall pay tithe has to divide it into three parts. But persons.with the homestead further Pennon. The court of Nestrec with the share beyond the ditch Pulltauus with the homestead of Brinsychan. with the homestead Celii dremiauc. gave them their honour-price. the Gravedigger and three messengers. wheresoever they should be sent. The court of Cyndrayth with the share Nantcyncar and the homestead Pencrycgel and Cilbleingurth. which is the property of the Abbot. The court of Elda with the homestead of Trefhinun. The . The court of the Kitchen with a share of land as you go to the right towards Talcatlan with the homestead Pencrychgel. except four. The court of Trem y crucou with Trem y crucou. and the homestead of Pencrycgel with Pistyl Catuc. with the share Crucygreif. and the homestead of Pellussen. a ewe with lamb or four pence. The court of Cayrdicycit with the homestead Caerdicit. The court of Samson with the share of Cymmyoucyti. the third to the Priest for priestly duty. The court of Medgarth with the homestead Medgarth. The court of Chincencoh. Another court of the Kitchen with a share of land. with another nearer and greater Pennon. Cayr i coc. who served the clergy with the relics. to wit. in which saint Eli. with the homestead Cestilldincat. And what remained was divided equally among the clergy according to the number of prebendaries. and returned from sanctuary. and the homestead of Tremlech. The court of Cair guicou with the homestead Ecclus Silid. The court of Ellybr with the homestead Ellibr. The court of Talcatlan with the homestead of Talcatlan. and living entirely contrary to law and right. But the part of the altar is divided.first he will give to his confessor. And this monastery was full of companies. son of the aforesaid Gwynllyw. Cadog. grieved on his account. to the worship of the Deity. They carefully made a point of meeting him and unanimously admonished him together with his chief men. that he should renounce the devil and his pomps and crimes. and also Gwladus. afterwards to the church and for wake-offices. befouled his life with very many blemishes. namely. Finnian. If anyone. meeting together. And when the man of God. His wife Gwladus hearing this. §53. fortitude. Gnawan. the mother of Cadog. Gwynllyw and his wife. And the portions of the church and of the wake-offices are divided as we have said before. given to carnal allurements. and Gwynllyw with his chief men. and he will be a father to us in heaven. the Holy Spirit co-operating with him. used to instigate his servants frequently to plundering and robberies. prudence. he sent faithful messengers from among his disciples. ‘Whatever he will say to me. serving the Holy Spirit daily. deeply sighing at the wicked acts of his father. the second to the altar. Cadog. and to the duty of mutual love. prompted by the spirit of the Godhead says. I will do. made to the same Cadog a confession of their faults with the . speedily acquiescing in his counsels. his father. by rendering the service of mercy to the poor. exercising himself in the holy gospels of Christ. Cadog. ‘Let us believe in our son. let him bequeath them separately according to his ability first to his confessor. justice. as we have said above. And the same blessed Cadog was perfect in the faith. both of them. reading.’ And Gwynllyw answering.’ And so Cadog with his monks. namely. praying. the third to those praying for him. §52. and also should confess to God and to him his faults. It is to be known that in the days of Gwynllyw there was a certain priest of famous name. singing. whom saint Cadog continually incited by divine exhortations. But the aforesaid Gwynllyw. and wherever he wills I will go. and Elli. and recovering his reason by doing penance should entrust himself to the counsel of his son. and temperance. should wish to will his goods. The blessed Cadog assuredly built his church on four foundations. that they might convert him from every error and from the malice of wickedness and transfer him to the service of the Godhead. says. afflicted with illness. But Conigc. his mother. or with his consent and permission. that he should come to his parents and counsel them. The witnesses are Gwynllyw with his elders. that they might do true penance for their faults. §54. built for herself a church in Pencarnou. which they had built for themselves. encouraged his parents with sacred admonitions to do it. shall serve Cadog in true piety. let him be accursed for ever. After an interval of some time Gwynllyw and his wife went forth by a vow to Theluch. For I will prepare a mansion for you in the heavenly places. It is to be known that Theudor son of Mouric gave a sword and vestment to Cadog and his familia. Cadog with his monks are witnesses. the name of which is Conguoret in Pencenli.satisfaction of penance. who shall live in my land. the man of God. Then each parent invited Cadog. and in the same place he established those serving God. the abbot of the altar of saint Cadog. ‘The Lord hear thee in the day of trouble’ to the end. that they might buy land for the support of the same. gave that sword and vestment to Spois and Rodric for the township. and they gave him the aforesaid churches. for the kingdom of heaven has drawn near. As for the rest Gwynllyw addressed all after this manner. He. and then they bound themselves with a vow to be subject to obey God. Let no one receive census or pension of those churches except the familia of Cadog. And so Gwladus. except by election or by nomination of the familia of the same Cadog. and a messenger came from God to Cadog. Cadog with the monks and his disciples. shall be buried in his cemetery after their death. and Gwynllyw soon erected another monastery.’ And Cadog says. whom coming they devoutly received. And Gwynllyw said.’ And forthwith they sang the psalm. quickly obeying the divine command. [OF CHARTERS] §55. nor shall there be in them either prior or abbot. who granted it to be possessed of Cadog and the same church in perpetual right. ‘Whosoever of my stock and of the elders of Gwynlliog shall break it. No one shall be prior of these churches except he be of the familia of Cadog. from the annual pension of which it should pay to the said Conigc and the aforesaid familia by the hand of Spois and his sons for ever . ‘Whosoever shall be of my stock. and all. and they handed over to his authority all that they had. ‘Do penance. Conigc also and his clergy brought the cross of saint Cadog and his earth. and the familia of saint Cadog is witness. and who shall break it. Of the clergy. Of this pact are witnesses Bronnotguid. that Bronnoguid. and a mina of honey. Marcant. Brenic. son of Gurhitr. bestowed three cows on Guornemet. Guedan and Guobrir and Meuc. the sons of his sister. that that possession should be free and quit of all services and exactions of earthly kings.nine modii of beer. abbot of Nantcarfan. and going round the aforesaid land of Conguoret. Idraclis. ‘Redeem the crime of homicide. Brenic. Guoidan [etc. Who keeps it.’ Cation replies saying. Beduan. and his three sons and their progeny are to pay annually to the familia of Cadog until the day of judgement. and honey. §56. God keep him. abbot of the altar of saint Illtud. and scattered the earth of the aforesaid saint upon it in the presence of suitable witnesses in token of permanent possession. the son of Febric. Wherefore came Cadog and Illtud. §57. to wit. Of the laity the witnesses are Rodri. And they said to him. and kings with him. Hoilbiu. God preserve him. Amen. After an interval of time Euan Buurr slew two men. and that his name might be written in the book of Cadog at Nantcarfan. claimed it. Etern. held the writing of a graphium on the hand of Conigc. Guornemet. to God and the monastery of saint Cadog for his soul. and confessed to them his crimes. and who shall break it. Mannocoi. And. Colbiu. to the presence of Cadog and Illtud. its pensio two vessels of six modii of beer together with bread and flesh and honey according to the . the same Spois. flesh. and they cursed Euan. in confirmation of this grant. abbot of the altar of Cadog. and bread and flesh. ‘I will give the land. Minnocioi. Guoguoret. Houhoer. also bread. Who shall observe this donation. Plosan. the same Bronnoguid and his three sons. For these Bronnotguid.]. Iouan. abbot of the altar of saint Cadog. Wherefore the aforesaid Rodri held a carta or graphium on the hand of Conigc. Iunemet. Conigc. Amen. Conigc. abbot. And he. owner of the farm. It is to be known. let him be cursed by God. Plossan. Lan Hoitlon by name. in eternal right of donation to God and to saint Cadog. let him be cursed by the Lord. Wherefore Euan being compelled came. and his sons. Atgan and Aidnerth. gave the half part of the land. Elionoy. to Cadog. But afterwards Rodri and Spois and his sons came together. Samson. For the annual perpetual census of that land is three modii of beer. Amen. will be blessed by God. the aforesaid Iudnou will bring to them the food and drink which we have before mentioned.’ But Merchiaun gave a township. Moreover Cadog promised the rewards of the kingdom of heaven to all who should increase the possessions of the same church with lands or monies or alms. Whosoever shall keep it. Catman (Saint) Hoitlon Virgo. Thuiuc. enjoined upon him fourteen years of penance. he bought the same from him. that Cadog built a church for Macmoil. Tanet. to wit. to wit. Hierbrith. and. And they. his brother. Pachan. Canapoi. Guallutiir also willed this township to Iudnou his son. Of which fact the witnesses were Cation. Nay. and secured it with a rampart and built an altar in the same. and. God will keep him. and he sent Macmoil to be prior therein and procurator of all its administration. Finian the Irishman. Of this pact the witnesses are Paul. reader. wherever the clergy of Cadog may choose to eat or to drink. when he should go to Gwent and return thence. Whosoever shall keep it. Cethij. Boduan. Detiu. It is to be known of us. Also the famiiia of Cadog and of Illtud are witnesses. §59. Yet because at that time it had devolved to Herbic. his disciple. will be cursed. accepting satisfaction from Euan. The witnesses of this are Cadog and his clergy. Euan. Setting apart each several vessel with the lands they gave them to the aforesaid saints for a perpetual alms. bread and flesh with honey. Concun. It is to be well known that Gualluuir gave to God and to saint Cadog the land of Pencarnov for his soul for ever until the day ofjudgement. §60. that he might be entertained in it. Merchiaun. Eudeyrn. Conhii. is blessed by God. Gwenlioui. abbot of Nantcarfan. The census of this land is nine modii of beer. and whosoever shall break it. which contained six modii of beer. §58. Whosoever shall keep it. in Basseleg or in Pencarnov. who shall break it. to Illtud and three vessels. that he and his heirs might serve the familia of Cadog with the produce of this land in addition to themselves. whosoever shall break it will be cursed by the Lord. and gave it to God and to saint Cadog. that Retone gave to God and to saint Cadog a half part of land by Caerleon to be possessed by perpetual right. Amen. . will be cursed by the Lord. Merhitr. It is to be noted.accustomed due measure of a debt. Cadog. Of which thing the witnesses are Herbic. which belonged to him by hereditary right. God preserve him. namely. Sonus. and with no little boldness snatched away the hawk from the grasp of the eagle. §62. It is to be known. may he be blessed. The witnesses are: of the clergy. that is. Brenic. Which when king Marcant saw. of the land Crucin. and of the laity. in hereditary right. Who shall keep it. coming quickly on horseback with shield and sword and lance threw himself into the river. and by so doing pleased him not a little. abbot of Nantcarfan. Cadroc. and Guengarth gave to God and to saint Cadog the census of the aforesaid township. Of the laity. Guengarth. Cungrat. Guedhoc. Whosoever shall preserve this offering. may he be cursed. But a foster-son of the king. Amen. Cunhape. that king Morcant in hunting came up to the bank of the river Nadhauon and set a hawk on a duck. that he might confirm the donation of Guengard respecting the pagus Catroc. for his soul and for the soul of king Morcant. Branoc. ‘Lo. every year twelve modii of beer and a sextarius of honey and also the bread and flesh due. It is to be known. Son. Rimogeat. which also he did. Moreover the same Guengarth gave for his soul to Conmogoy his gilded sword. and likewise courteously brought the hawk with the duck to the hand of king Morcant. Guengarth by name. Wherefore Conmogoy consulted Guengard to the end he might give that sword to Morcant. Elionoe. Eliunui. And suddenly an eagle came from the shore of the sea to seize the hawk. and both together the hawk and the duck passed over the river in flight. that it should be in that way free and quit from thenceforth from all secular service. that in the time of Paul.’ On the same day Morcant and Guengarth went to a certain territory of Cadog. and who shall take it away. Matganoj. Guedqui. having a length from the fort Trotguid as far as the river Nadauan and a breadth from the well of Guengarth to the other well. By which thing Morcant had the aforesaid donation ratified. clergy. Congale. who shall break it. and he corroborated it in writing on the hand of Sulien. Hipiclaur. Wherefore Morcant said to Guengarth. which had the worth of seventy cows.Curnet. Gnouan. Pill reader. God will break him. but altogether . §61. Temit gave land. I give to thee the township Cadroc. Guornet. Atderreg. he was very grieved. Guedguon. to the altar of saint Cadog for a perpetual possession together with his sons which land should pay annually six modii of beer with bread and flesh to the familia of saint Cadog for ever. they confirmed this agreement with the kiss of peace in the sight of Elli near the cross. Samson. Moreover in changing the administrator of the same church the abbot of the cenobium of Cadog will always be president and leader. prayers and spiritual hymns. Gualunir. which is on the road known to many. Jacob. Morcant for himself. Guengarth. which should pay annually to Cadog and his familia three modii of beer. But if it should happen. that Elli. Boduan. Of the laity. subject. prepositus of the altar of Cadog. will be cursed by God and by Cadog. and . and if by chance beer should be lacking. Of this thing the witnesses are. and bread and flesh. Cadoc. Lecguoidel. They went each of them to his place from blessing to blessing. may he be blessed. it should return four modii of wheat or a white cloak. disciple of the blessed Cadog. Cuncuan. Whosoever shall keep it. let two oxen be given them in recognition of subjection and fellowship. Sulien. Legan. Amen. Conocan Mach. Whosoever shall keep it. Elgnou. May it be known to all in accordance with the changeableness of times and of the successions of the kings of this world. Cleophas. Jacob. This alms Terengual gave to God and saint Cadog free and quit of all regal and secular service for his soul and for the soul of Morcant. §63.subject to the service of God and saint Cadog. and who shall infringe it. ‘Lo. Elli. The witnesses thereof are Iacob. Gurhitr. and kindly disposed to the familia of Cadog. Guedgen. Conmil. Amen. Boduan. Wherefore assembling at the monastery of Elli. of the familia of Jlltud. and his familia. having been diligently educated by him from an early age and eminently instructed in sacred literature. saying. Guingueri. will be blessed. was the dearest to him of all his disciples. Guorguethen. Marcant. It is to be known that Terengual gave the land. Biuuonoi.’ And Elli gave to the aforesaid familia by a perpetual pensio every year provisions for three nights in the summer and as many in the winter with giving of thanks and rejoicing. Conmogoi. The boundary of this land is from Pull Tenbuib as far as Dirprisc. Danoc. Conmogoi. that Cadog and his successors with their dependents should diminish. that there should be no procurator of this territory. I have built a church and houses in the name of the Lord. Of this thing are witnesses. Of the clergy. to God and to Cadog. except Guengarth and his heirs. Catgen. Joseph. And Elli declared. and I and all my successors of the familia of Cadog will be obedient. witnesses. §64. Elguan. all witnesses on this writing of donation. Guorcinn himself gave this township to the church of saint Cadog in perpetual possession to the day of judgement. Hilon. and his familia with him. from Mouric for his own inheritance for a sword. Concit son of Ermit. and upon Conmor. that it might pay him every year a vessel of three modii of beer with all things due on account of . abbot of Carfan Valley. a sword of the worth of four cows. a horse of the worth of four cows and the worth of a vestment of three unciae. Guedgen [son of] Bramail. Of the familia of Illtud the witnesses are Conmoe. Biuone. Arcon. of the worth of three cows. prepositus or abbot of the altar of saint Cadog. prepositus of the altar of saint Docgwin. Judhol. and held a written deed of the donation on the hand of Jacob. the hilt of which gilded was valued as worth twenty-five cows. Also the same gave the worth of four cows to Iudnerth. that Guoidnerth gave Lann Catgualader to God and saint Cadog. Andrus. to whom Guorcinnim gave a horse. Mouric and his sons. Reathr. Conigc is witness. after this purchase Mouric and Concen held a written deed on the hand of Guorcinn for a perpetual inheritance for him and his progeny. Assail. will be cursed by God. presbyter. who [held] on his hand [what] Concuun wrote. bishop. and Joseph. Guorbes son of Berran. belonged to Mesioc by hereditary right. the son of Paul. Eliud. that Conbelin gave the land called Lisdin Borrion for the traffic of the heavenly kingdom together with his own body to God and saint Cadog. and one ox to Cornouan. and Cethig. Geintoc. presbyter. magister. the son of Concenn a certain ‘best horse’. that Guorcinnim bought the township. And of the laity. Reathr. It is to be known. Eudoce. For the aforesaid township. but also upon Andres. Matton. Who shall have violated this. that is. He also bestowed upon Concenn. which should pay him annually six modii of beer with bread and flesh and honey. the written deed. §66. whose names are subscribed.who shall violate it will be cursed by God. son of Morcant. Catgen. Guallimir. Jacob. and another cow to the procurator of the king. Conmil. It is to be made known to posterity. that he might acquiesce in this concession. for the commemoration of this alms in the presence of suitable witnesses. §65. §67. Therefore. Guengarth. his foster-father. the son of Mouric. May it be known to all. And so the taxgatherers of king Maelgwn came to collect tribute to Gwynlliog. Outegurn. of whatever kind he might choose. who ruled the whole of Britannia. Wherefore after these things Jacob gave a horse to king Mouric. Guitlon. either males or females. Guorcinnim. Of the Blinding of King Maelgwn. Hearngen. Catthig. Conmogoe. Saturn. and they seized a very handsome girl. and who shall dissolve it will be cursed by God. clergy. Morcenev. Terchan. and two portions of land. and blew their horns. Guallunir. Merchiun. will be blessed. Conmil. Sulien. Guorbes. will be blessed. Rumceneu. but by force. Morhoen. §68. Guoidnerth. bishop. mounted their horses. which belonged to Gorbrith and Gassoc and also equally to their sister Sule. It should be made known to those who shall be. and bore her away with them. and also of all services except to the familia of saint Cadog. These are witnesses concerning this agreement. will be cursed by God. that he might make them free and quit of all census. Abalcem by name. but he bestowed it upon Guodgen son of Brocmail. and his congregation.the fratricide of his own brother. Catgen. Marcant. Then king Mouric confirmed this donation on the altar of saint Cadog in the presence of his magnates. ****** §69. Guorgeneu. and the congregation of saint Cadog. And who shall violate it. and their priors. on account of the changes of times and the successions of kings. Beuonoe. Of this thing are witnesses. a prefect of saint Cadog. Lumbiu. respecting which king Mouric held a written deed on the hand of Jacob. presbyter. and of every claim. from which there was paid to him annually one hundred cows from each pagus with as many calves. Whosoever shall keep it. that it may not be dissolved for ever. Mouric for himself alone and for his sons from generation to generation. Biuonoi. Sulien. Guedgen son of Brocmail. abbot of Nantcarfan. princeps of the altar of Docgwinn. abbot of the chair of saint Cadog. namely. and at length he gave the returns to Docgwinn. Crasgell. At which action the kinsfolk of the girl being indignant. that king Mouric gave for his soul a portion of land. daughter of Guiragon. Of the laity. All the . Whosoever shall conserve it. Conmil. Jacob. which is called Insule Tuican. Jacob. Maelgwn was a great king of the Britons. Of this the witnesses were Berthgwin. not willingly. abbot. namely. unanimously cursed all who shall not keep it. and granted him the horse and the sword. wherewith he was girt. and he fasted with all who accompanied him. the king. and received him as his director. conceding to him all that he should demand of him. arose. and pursuing them. But the king refused the arbitrament. first. who replied that he would by no means pay the worths. one excepted who told the king what things had been done. and. But that night it was revealed by an angel to the holy man.’ Then king Maelgwn with his nobles. Also saint Cadog with all the inhabitants of Gwynlliog went forth to meet the king. and blessed Cadog with his clergy. until he should come to confession. But the man of God refused. For early in the morning the king moved his camp to inflict slaughter. where is the well of Brutrov. four hundred and fifty cows the worth of every noble of his progeny. When he heard this. that he might restore to him his lost sight. Moucan. raging with furious anger. who shall have been left of my progeny. and immediately he was blinded and knew not whither to direct his steps. ordering him to render the worth of the men slain at Riucarn. For king Maelgwn made an eternal agreement with saint Cadog and his successors. and earnestly entreated that he should deign to visit him. blessed all. that is. and descended into the place. informing him what had happened to him. Maelgwn therefore sent his messenger Argantbad to the blessed man. he will be cursed. Therefore he dispatched messengers. ‘If anyone of my stock shall break this. and also the golden vestments. ‘Whatsoever anyone of my stock of Gwynlliog shall have obtained from the king himself in perpetual inheritance. on the contrary. Therefore the man of God shewed to the king his tradition. save by the true judgement of God and of men. let it be his without any census. arrived at the place which is called Cruc glas with a great army for the purpose of avenging himself. slew three hundred men. will assist thy kindred of Gwynlliog as his uterine brother. And so he gave to the blessed Cadog the refuge as he demanded. Therefore came the king to him. that he should restrain the king from his cruelty. Therefore blessed Cadog requested of the king.warlike men of the same community hearing this. But . who also declared to the king what had been manifested to him by the angelic oracle. Maucan and Argantbad to saint Cadog. that refuge should be granted him in the community of Gwynlliog from himself and from his posterity like to the refuge of saint David in Vallis Rosina. Everyone. wherewith he was clad. saying. who shall keep this agreement. Now he altogether despised his admonitions. ‘If your chief of kindred shall break this testament of agreement. And whosoever shall pay to the king the worth of the death of anyone of my race. and afterwards let him be dismissed from the refuge of Gwynlliog to whatever other place of security he might wish. If he cannot be found. let it be paid in the same manner. ‘If anyone of my progeny shall be arrested without consent of his chief of kindred. let him be held in custody. a contribution of cattle excepted after the passing of seven years. and let his worth be rendered to his children. if they shall be hurt or killed. but if he is seized with the consent of his chief of kindred. the son of Brychan. And saint Cadog gave commandment to his kinsmen. ‘He who shall slay anyone of my kindred.’ The king in his turn declared his pledge to the blessed man. A stranger who shall have fled to the refuge of Gwynlliog. his grand- . choose from another kindred. let him give the oath of sixty men.’ §70. cast him aside. Also let there be no tribute given to the king by my race. and one night’s lodging in the house of every man throughout the whole pagus. in like manner if he shall be struck. and let the chief of kindred reserve for himself a third part.’ Also saint Cadog gave as the duration of his refuge seven years. and seven days. and choose another from his kindred who shall keep it. let the worth of his soul be paid as in his own land. let it be his for a perpetual hereditary right. But if he shall have denied. but let him contribute two parts to the king. his uncle. until the chief himself shall release him. let his land be given to the parents of the slain man without any census. If anyone shall be an exile of the stock of Gwynlliog.whosoever from my stock shall buy anything in the region of Glywysing or Gwent outside the boundaries of Gwynlliog. which blessed Cadog made with king Rhain. And if anyone shall hurt a chief of kindred of Gwynlliog. let him dismiss him unhurt together with his substance. let not the fault be paid for except by land and gold and animals. if anyone shall have killed him. let it be paid to the king. The witnesses of the agreement of refuge. nevertheless let him pay the price and census. or shall shed his blood. seven months. Again saint Cadog testified. For the men of my race. let a cow be paid with a sheep as the worth of his soul. If anyone of the progeny of the Britons shall be slain in the refuge of Gwynlliog. Of the witnesses of saint Cadog. saying. he will pay one hundred cows according to judgement. Poul. Aman.e. Cinmur. Chunleith. Gober.father. Teilo). are here. Maeddog. David. Luiper. Illtud. Of the clergy. Seru. Cannau. . Also of the kindred of Cadog are witnesses. who is mentioned above in the life of the man of God. Cynidr. Chumurth. Eilucld (i. Cheleni. Etelic. Meliat. Of the laity are witnesses.