The Festivals of Osiris and Sokar in the Month of Khoiak: The Evidence from NineteenthDynasty Royal Monuments at Abydos Author(s): Katherine J. Eaton Reviewed work(s): Source: Studien zur Altägyptischen Kultur, Bd. 35 (2006), pp. 75-101 Published by: Helmut Buske Verlag GmbH Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/25157772 . Accessed: 25/11/2012 12:43 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact
[email protected]. . Helmut Buske Verlag GmbH is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Studien zur Altägyptischen Kultur. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded by the authorized user from 192.168.82.216 on Sun, 25 Nov 2012 12:43:43 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions The Festivals of Osiris and Sokar in theMonth of Khoiak: The Evidence from Nineteenth Dynasty Katherine Royal Monuments at Abydos* J. Eaton (Tafel 5-6) Abstract There were three sets of processional equipment for Osiris and Sokar depicted on Nineteenth Dynasty royal monuments atAbydos - Sokar's /*e?w-barque; the ?Osiris Fetish,"1 associated with Osiris-Khentyimentiu; and a barque carrying a bed, which resembles funerary boats depicted in vignettes to Book of the Dead Chapter 1. Ptolemaic records of ritual describe three divine images to be made for the Festival of Osiris and the divine members, a set of disembodied limbs. These sets Sokar-Osiris; Osiris-Khentyimentiu; are representative of the processional equipment depicted on Nineteenth Dynasty Abydene monuments. However, the layout and decorative program of the Temple of Seti I at Abydos strongly indicate that the internal rites for Sokar's Festival were still independent of those for Osiris' Festival atAbydos, during the reign of Seti I. Auf den koniglichen Denkmalern der 19. Dynastie inAbydos waren drei Grupen von Prozessions ausstattungen fur Osiris und Sokar dargestellt: Sokars Henu-Barke, der Osirisfetisch, der mit Osiris Khentyimentiu verbunden ist und eine Barke, die mit einem Bert ausgestattet ist und die der Bahre, die in den Vignetten von Tb 1 ahnelt. Ptolomaische Aufzeichnungen des Rituals beschreiben drei gottliche und die die fur das Fest der Osiris angefertigt wurden: Sokar-Osiris, Osisris-Khentyimentiu von sind Diese Garnituren eine GliedmaBen. drei gottlichen Gebeine, Ansammlung korperlosen charakteristisch ftir die Prozessionsausstattungen auf den Denkmalern der 19. Dynastie aus Abydos. Die und das Dekorationsprogramm des Tempels von Sethos I. in Abydos weisen jedoch Raumgestaltung deutlich darauf hin, dass die Riten fur das Sokar-Fest inAbydos wahrend der Regierungszeit von Sethos I. immer noch unabhangig von denen fur das Osiris-Fest waren. Bildnisse, Each year in themonth of Khoiak therewas a festival during which the god Osiris was brought from his temple (hwt-ntrwsir hnti-imntiw) to his tomb at Peker (pkr), probably the area known today as Umm el-Qab (Fig. 1, ?Sacred Route"). By the Middle Kingdom2 the ancient Egyptians had identified the tomb of the First Dynasty king Djer at Umm el-Qab Thanks to the United States Information Agency which funded my research through a grant ad ministered by the American Research Center in Egypt; to the IFA-Penn-Yale Expedition toAbydos, at Abydos; and to Ogden Goelet and Anne Weis, whose which provided me with accommodations comments were 1 invaluable. The term ?fetish" is sometimes used in a pejorative way to imply that the religious ideas surrounding the image in question were in some way ?primitive." I do not subscribe to this view. However, I use the term ?Osiris Fetish" because it has long been used to describe a particular image associated with Osiris' cult and changing the terminology now would be confusing. 2 This date is based on the types of pottery left as offerings near the tomb of Djer, see G. Dreyer, e.a., in:MDAIK 56, 2000, 117-118. Previously itwas thought that little pottery dated prior to the New Kingdom, see B. Kemp, ?Abydos", in:LA 1,37. A statue of Osiris on a bier thatwas found in this tomb may date from the lateMiddle Kingdom, but the date is disputed, see A. Leahy, in: Or 46, 1977, 424-434, pis. 26-29. This content downloaded by the authorized user from 192.168.82.216 on Sun, 25 Nov 2012 12:43:43 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions 76 K.J. Eaton SAK 35 as the tomb of Osiris;3 pilgrims came from all over Egypt to view the procession from its temple to his tomb and to set up stelae and statues in offering chapels along was the possible at route.4 With Amarna of the this festival celebrated Period, exception the New Kingdom. tomid The month of Khoiak Abydos throughout (ki hr ki, mid-October was season the fourth month of Akhet, and this festival was the inundation November) Osiris' performed to ensure the successful rebirth of the god Osiris and the land of Egypt. The was inundation associated with Nun, the nothingness of precreation. with fertile black dry land covered soon be planted. crop would the earth was receded and a new waters t_2!?* o 25ooit \\I i\ ?j x ) / / -?-s // catacomb*im&9Kingdom /^"^^is. ?! cenotaph \ "X V I \ i il<l#e-rtew Kingdom /1 V \ (-"> '< \ ~* X V^ from the x?-x UrhmeMkcab \ (0\ V_>f roya.tombs ; .doflcatac&ote ei-Zebib |i _ \\^hUei \ tempte\ /V ~o %\ cenotaph Q Nt^mpj/ofM^11- i?^aphvXof^!^8B&/ I ' ** ?s n ^^"^Pte3^,tom*Srfttn kn IL ^ / <c*NS_%_^^_ ( \\ _38^^' site i town _ ^^SSScSSS&C^ ^^& offtanwssesl! cenotaph temple the inundation silt emerged ( "\ \fc> 1st*^jSwwrtyJ *\ I \ // / I After reborn ^^ , IMWlWi'lwW"" [r. >c? T?. OansA temple \J ^^^^^^^^ Fig. 1 Map of Abydos. [J.Baines/J. Malek, Atlas of Ancient Egypt, 1980,116, with the routes from the Osiris Temple to Peker (in gray) and to the memorial temples along the edge of the flood plane (in black) added by the author] One of themost important pieces of evidence for Osiris' Khoiak Festival is theMiddle Kingdom stela of Ikhenofret (Berlin Museum 1204).5 Although other accounts of the festival equipment 3 this stela provides prior to the Ptolemaic exist, the most period. complete It reports textual of description the use of three major its processional in the barques Umm el-Qaab is generally accepted to have been pkr after H. Schafer, Die Mysterien des Osiris in Abydos unter Konig Sesostris III,UGAA 4,1904, reprint 1964,27-28. For example, see D. O'Connor, in: B. Trigger, e.a., Ancient Egypt: A Social History, 1983, 220. 4 For more on this practice, see D. O'Connor, The 'Cenotaphs' of theMiddle Kingdom at Abydos, in: Fs Mokhtar 2, BdE 97,1985,161-177 with pi. I.;W. Simpson, Inscribed Material from the Pennsylv ania-Yale Excavations at Abydos, PPYE 6,1995; ANOC, 1974; and M. Lichtheim, Maat in Egyptian and Related Studies, OBO 120, 1992, 101-128. 5 Biographies For background on this inscription, see R. Anthes, in: Fs Mus. Berlin, 1974,15-49 andM. Lavier, in: S. Schoske (ed.), Akten des Vierten Internationalen Agyptologen Kongress Miinchen 1985, BSAK 3, 1989, 289-295. The stela is published in:Mariette, Abydos II, 1880, reprint 1998, pis. 24-26. For a translation, see M. Lichtheim, Ancient Egyptian Literature 1, 1975, 123-125. This content downloaded by the authorized user from 192.168.82.216 on Sun, 25 Nov 2012 12:43:43 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions and 16). 2. in: JEA 82. There along with portable barque ?Truly-arisen-is-the-Lord-of-Abydos" festival evidence for the use of four images in Osiris' Khoiak ene barques probably carried the same images on different at Abydos. Kitchen. 10 Raven. Systematic corn of different of Osiris burial Tooley types including Osiris beds. 1. represent complete surviving depictions a complete Osiris' with of this material. seeM. and Sokar were made Often called Osiris were these conveyences river barges. 28. which were quite frequently decorated with gold foil9 or placed in coffins decorated with gold foil.175-176.12 inmem likely used during these festivals was depicted orial temples and chapels of three Nineteenth Dynasty kings at Abydos (Fig. 25 Nov 2012 12:43:43 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions .16. 1969. In lines 15-16. paints a different and studies evidence. he describes his adornment of the breast of the image with gold and precious stones.1996.216 on Sun. 9 21-27 (Corn Raven. in: Or 38." accord well with later examples of corn-mummies from other sites. processional equipment.13 The archaeological temple of Hathor on the other hand. 1) Ramesses I most and Ramesses II. 21-23 (Corn-Mummies from Tihna nos. 11 Umm el-Qaab is generally accepted to have been pkr. 8.7 The the recipes for these images varied both regionally is quite vague regarding the form of the images carried in these vessels stela of Ikhernofret but does specify that they were adorned with gold.1982. visual Seti These of the I. 3. in its broad outlines. and precious stones. the previous year's mummies were carried from the Osiris Temple to the god's tomb at Peker (pkr)u and buried.168. a is no shrine. n. 2. the adornment of the image of Osiris-Khentyimentiu with gold that had been won in victories inNubia. Gaballa /K. Lichtheim. images Ptolemaic 6 Lichtheim suggested that the ?great barque" may have carried processional barques. as one reason for being sent to Abydos. see n. 13 G.1982.8 These descriptions ?corn mummies. These differences endure into the Late Period. Nevertheless. Osiris bricks and mummies indicate that there was significant variation in the size and composition of these and in to the moulds used make them. Raven. this tradition followed the ritual progression described in the at Dendera and other late monuments. Textual that was of the festivals and iconographic evidence and archaeological suggests remains that. and over time.13. analysis Processional textual equipment descriptions undertaken.The Festivals of Osiris and Sokar in theMonth of Khoiak 77 2006 procession the Osiris from to Peker Temple - and the the nSmt-barque the great barque. Some of Some stages for example. has yet to be a single national tradition had been adopted for the performance of theKhoiak festival throughout Egypt and that.15). in: OMRO 63. out of a mixture of grains and other materials. in: OMRO 63. see A. and 17).125. 36. 4. by the New of the images Kingdom. 7.14. 2-9. in:OMRO 63.82.15. by Raven picture. and M. Ikhernofret gives. Mummies of Unknown Provenance 2. in the days leading up to the festival processions. This content downloaded by the authorized user from 192. of the Abyd of the journey. Ancient Egyptian Literature 1. 8 In lines 3-4 of his stela.6 new images of the gods Each year.19-20 (Corn-Mummies from Thebes nos. 7 For a general overview of themaking of such figures.1982. Tooley. 12 The Osireion may have served this function for the Temple of Seti I at Abydos.10During Osiris' Khoiak festival at Abydos. while others were processional barques. 7-38.168.82. 15 Raven. visiting chapel the Osiris local from shrines the Osiris to the cenotaph temple might have visited before going of Seti I. However. Tooley. 18 It is not clear tome whether such visits would have actually been part of the Khoiak festival or if there were other occasions on which Osiris would visit the memorial chapels and temples which did not lie on the route from the Osiris temple to Peker.OLA 84. in:B. Complex. Arnold. 1997. Chassinat. 1. Le mystere d'Osiris au mois de Khoiak 1.). in: JEA 82. Clarysse/A. before and/or the images after going to Peker.J.78 K. .1982. see Chart 1. Schoors/H.). continuously regions. and Sokar were made suggests Temple were to the Seti there circuits (Fig. Sokar had a complex rooms reached through a door on the west end of the south wall of the Second Hypostyle the called Nefertem-Ptah-Sokar Hall. Egyptian Religion the Last Thousand Years. in:OMRO 63. Egyptian Religion the Last Thousand Years. It also formed part of a weekly and D.Osirisreliquienc: zum Motiv der Korperzergliederung 16 For a list of these scenes and their locations. Willems (eds. temple design. and for The in Egyptian the later New ritual during seems to adhere to local of ritual during this period Kingdom. Die 1998.OLA 84. see L. E. of three through a door in the west wall of his barque chapel. for the conduct of ritual.16 I.167-179. that I believe that images of Osiris there as well. Many in the Seti Temple. Shafer (ed.91-98. Beinlich. 1). rooms devoted to them.). barques at in New the ritual and the materials character of Kingdom temples they Abydos depicted This has important implications contained.1996.17 royal memorial temples Meanwhile. 1984.1989. go perhaps other Temple procession. in der altagyptischen Religion. Temples of Ancient ritual. barque chapels of and Sokar are both special in that they had larger complexes Osiris Hall). places periods applied Three different kinds of barques that were probably used to transport images of Osiris reconstructing the degree of the conduct Since standardization and Sokar during theirKhoiak festivals are depicted on thewalls of theAbydene memorial II. evidence from other and time is with caution. Osiris has a complex of eight rooms at the rear (west) of the temple.237. in:W. Gabolde. AA 42.227-239. in:Clarysse/ Schoors/ Willems (eds. conventions.14 texts include references to numerous Dendera associated with images of Osiris localities. The images belonging overlapping processional on out and would Ramesses the of I. Eaton SAK 35 over whole at individual sites and sporadically In fact. 25 Nov 2012 12:43:43 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions .175 57-58. and the other memorials The Seti Temple served as stations for images from probably reached in the Seti but the decorative program temple when they went out on procession. 17 The ritual burial of statues was not confined to the festival of Khoiak. 1. 2. Seti I and Ramesses Dynasty chapels and temples of the Nineteenth kings Ramesses at Abydos structures were all located to the south of the Osiris Temple These (Fig.18 14 M. By comes from the Temple to as far the most material referred of Seti I at Abydos (hereafter the ?Seti Temple"). Raven.1998. in:BIFAO 89. 1). Egypt. the Osireion. This content downloaded by the authorized user from 192.1966.216 on Sun. and Raven. and seven clearly had deities were venerated own seven rooms west to of the of their the the Second Hypostyle (Fig.15 even the specific on a single local tradition during a limited period of time present study focuses to reconstruct in the Nineteenth the sizes of the processional Abydos Dynasty. and H. B.2006 The Festivals of Osiris and Sokar in theMonth of Khoiak 79 Ptah-Sokar Chapel I 0 l*|n|*#|(* 1 ^^^-j^^^^. Abydos I.il Il. 25 Nov 2012 12:43:43 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions .82. *1|| _? *- -B : Hit f^M I O . along with the routes out of the temple featuring henu-barque scenes). henu-barque I P'l I . called theNefertem-Ptah-Sokar Complex (shaded dark grey.Osiris' processional objects t[ I SecondCourt H I Fig.sis HHorufl ^^^^^^H_ _JB11^L_J___i__^B_JJ-_^_Ste Second Haft Hypostyle ^M Hg^MBilil*l. This content downloaded by the authorized user from 192.^'''3 ^^I^^^^^^^^^^^^Kj^^^^^^Sr^ ^.168. J seven H^jih| HH_____________i_____K_/____i JHH^^HLjJ^H _XT " _________________HI____Hfl_H ^KK^K^KK/K^KKmfmKKi >?.'. Ramesses II."?.Dill' MKL JCC^?.216 on Sun. 2 Plan of the Temple of Seti I at Abydos [Based on Calverley/Gardiner.^^^i^^J_|arques ##### ( |!5__H__L _____ ___SetiIPtah HRe" HAmuiBftjr VH. H flH_MHH_H_HBf H _ mH ''_____ _Jf-. __ l+^? _________________ ___^r____rv___fr^ Vb w ( I msm ft*ftA?tf were p originally | Four were blocked up by Seti I's son. Sokar has a complex of three rooms reached through a door on the west end of the south wall of the Second Hypostyle Hall. 1933] a Osiris has complex of eight rooms at the rear (west) of the temple. reached through a door in thewest wall of his barque chapel. 175-176. in: OMRO 63. 56-57. as of the time of Seti I. Le mystere d'Osiris au mois de Khoiak 1. and Raven. 221. a bull's head (f). 498 (93)-(95) I. and. 41. 1. 57-58. in:BSFE 112. fig. atMedinet Habu. 958-960. 1940. 24 The divine members were essentially a set of disembodied limbs. 196. The prow restraining identified as decorated with a series of horizontal is elaborately (e). see n. organization hope still Festival were indicate that.the concluded that: on the 4th Akhet. 25 G. sometimes projections a large flared mat. Le mystere d'Osiris au mois de Khoiak 1. 1966-1968.. Osiris. and Gaballa/Kitchen. Gaballa/K. 28. 1982. Le mystere d'Osiris au mois de Khoiak 1-2. performance Abydene at Dendera.Osirisreliquien\ 1984. 54-56. and Beinlich. Daumas. 21 For a general overview of themaking of these figures according to the later instructions. 28. 4-5.82. 25 Nov 2012 12:43:43 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions . proper. in the Festival Court.. in: JEA 82. There are two or three small steering oars at the stern (d). Chassinat. 23-36.. the henu-barque is unique to the god Sokar. Nevertheless. 1.24 Dynasty festivals in later texts. the in other respects. 51-52.J. a backward-facing antelope 19 20 On my decision to use the term ?fetish". 1969. ?Choiakfeste". Die . day 26. 26 For example.20 Hathor in these monuments three divine clearly deviated the tradition from to Book in vignettes recorded - Sokar limbs. the internal rites for Sokar's independent of Osiris' Khoiak Festival at Abydos. According (2).80 K. 1998. Kitchen. from top to bottom. in: OMRO 63. 36.Osirisreliquien\ 58-68. in:Or 38.. pis. in: BSFE 112. Medinet Habu in: Or 38. 1966.168. ?reliquaries" from different parts of Egypt are discussed in Beinlich.26 It has a crescent-shaped hull (a) that is attached to a four-legged frame (b)with ropes (c). was from well before festival of that month into the Osirian Festival of Sokar incorporated when our evidence already probably the New Kingdom . The divine members and their relationship to the various Osiris AA 42. Chassinat. Le mystere d'Osiris au mois de Khoiak 1. 23 Chassinat.23 of the processional These sets are representative equipment depicted on Nineteenth of the Khoiak monuments. Cauville. see PM II. and Raven.19 associated with Osiris-Khentyimentiu carrying a bed. 41-51. 1 Sokar's Although henu-barque many or other means gods had barques Egyptian of conveyance. in their analysis of the Sokar Festival as depicted the Temple of Ramesses III atMedinet Habu and Gaballa Kitchen ?. 4. 1996. which of theDead reminiscent is strongly boats depicted of funerary (BD) Chapter 1 (3). This content downloaded by the authorized user from 192."25 becomes explicit as to and its images strongly of the Seti Temple I the show. 1982. 222 and 223. Eaton The SAK 35 of the present study each assemble the textual and archaeological set of processional Sokar's henu-barque for the use of a particular equipment first three sections evidence (1). Die . 1 and 2. For example. Cauville. figs. 1969. and a barque to a tradition recorded in the laterTemple of for the Khoiak festival21 images were made a set of disembodied divine and the members. However. 22 Chassinat.216 on Sun. see Tooley. 25. and F. 1998. Depictions of this barque in the Seti Temple show it to have followed a well-established iconography like those depicted in some Theban area temples (Fig.22 Osiris-Khentyimentiu. 3). in: LA I. S. the ?Osiris Fetish" image. de la barque processionelle Karlshausen.When the barque is at rest. L'iconographie Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Universite Catholique de Louvain.one on or in of it front of the the falcons wrapped in cloth. divine en Egypte au Nouvel Empire.) steering oars. a.) a backward-facing antelope head. g. in: 17.) six small falcons.27Depictions of the henu-barque usually include images of two falcons wrapped in cloth (m).82. esp.) crescent-shaped hull. This content downloaded by the authorized user from 192. in: Or 38.168.) two additional falcons . the other infront of it.) a barque stand decorated with a row of dd-pil\ars surmounted by a row of rnh-sigas.) four-legged frame. 1055-1074. alluded henu-barque . Brovarski. in the cabin. top and a third image. b.1969.) restraining ropes. LA V." see C. The whole rests on o. Scenes on the west end of the north wall of The 27 My summary of these features relies heavily on descriptions provided by E. At the stem the barque has d.one on top of the cabin. In fact. f. or mummified . The whole rests on a sledge (o) and platform with carrying poles (p). by a row of that Sokar's henu-barque cnh-s\gns (q). The barque carries m. 1066-1067. 290-292.28 with Fig. barques.A third imagemay have been carried in the cabin of the barque (n). a fish (h) and six falcons (k).) a platform with carrying poles and q. h.The Festivals of Osiris and Sokar in theMonth of Khoiak 81 2006 head (g).one on top of the cabin.) the cabin. p.) a sledge.) a fish. This have occurred after the been removed from had only barque it usually appears stand does not on a stand decorated seem to have been used a row of dd-pillars so closely associated with surmounted for any other processional barque. 28 on not the of in her did include the Sokar who Karlshausen. the other in front of it.) a bull's head. this stand became an in a scene on the east wall of the First Hypostyle itwas shown being dragged Hall event that would its stand. iconography of processional study barque not du this stand in her section did mention ?Decor piedestal de la barque. and Gaballa/Kitchen. 25 Nov 2012 12:43:43 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions . seems to have carried three divine to above: the two images. 3 Diagram of the features of Sokar's henu-barque. ?Sokar". At the prow the barque has: e) a flared mat (?). mummified other cabin.216 on Sun. and k. out of sight. 1997. c.A third image may have been carried in n. Faulkner. may be an example figures in temple 182 (Fig. however. epithet referring image features a god ?his-barque" barque a an erect phallus This bed with labelled ?Sokar-Osiris who-is-in-his-barque".G. who has given breath toWennefer. but all clearly versions.82 KJ. 35 This was not included inM. For BD-abbreviations. the deceased god Sokar. pi. The Ancient Egyptian Book of the Dead. wise gives meat offerings maker of the god's words. and A. A. images of the god on a bier are associated of the god was made. ?I am Thoth. This the together with to BD of the vignette scene. Saleh. 32 PMVI.35 reduced this chapter A to the true scribe. The these images from other contexts37 indicate with the ?mysteries" evidence Kingdom inwhich a new corn the form concerning to the making of references together with were indeed made they during this time period.82. see Chart 3.O.G. CCVIII. 196-200 and Tb (Naville) 2. Reiches. layout statuettes are labelled in a shrine (PL 5b). 1974.24(218H219). reprint 1998. We have no New mummy but the Abydos of Sokar's corn mummy."36 to represent It seems probable. 1972. The Book of the Dead or Going Forth by Day.1867. 1984. 30 One might suggest that themasculine pronoun in Isis' epithet was amistake. 4). 86 [cxxix]. 2. who makes writings speak. 25 Nov 2012 12:43:43 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions ." very likely a reference to letting light into the shrine This content downloaded by the authorized user from 192. in TT 296 (Dyn. inscribed as Wennefer. that both scenes of the god on the bier were meant therefore. Das Totenbuch in den thebanischen Beamtengrabern des Neuen und Vignetten. lying upon the epithet labelled ?Horus carry scene ?who-is-in-his-barque" celebrates the revivification of the god and indicates that his were ?mysteries" in this room. in the upper register (PL 6a). at different points on the bier and the god the two falcons in the ritual. and two falcons the falcon It appears Sokar that. the fact that her image shares a shrine with Horus indicates that this particular image of Isis formed a pair with the image of Horus. AV 46. 31 R. et au Soudan. Af (Dyn. 2).32 Here. 1981. 37 In Theban festival calendars the twenty-first day of the fourth month of Akhet was called the 'Day of Opening the Aperture in the Shentayet Shrine. Abydos 1. who in to every god. en Nubie. There very simple essentials: are many version. David. is labelled Osiris-Wennefer. 2 and PL 5a). laws. 20-21). with a god on a bier the the those have (Fig. SAOC 37. 29 PM VI. inR.34 refer to the deceased 19-20).Texte 36 T. 34 For several versions of BD-Chapter 182. Allen. 105.216 on Sun.33 Guardians lizards and snakes are not common Chapter holding into ritual scenes.f). Eaton SAK 35 the Ptah-Sokar Chapel support this interpretation (Fig.168. However. A Guide to Religious Ritual at Abydos.31 celebrated and the god on the bier could embody different On the south wall of the Ptah-Sokar syncretic relationships. Allen. 178-179 and Tb (Naville) 1. for example.29There. 24 (220M221). Mariette. 23 [78]. Chapel scenes same as on the north wall. 447^48. Two are depictions and ?Isis who-is-in-his-barque". whose reed (pen) has protected the Lord of the Universe. see T. king's scribe. 33 See. Fouilles executees en Egypte. Mariette.30 appear They who-is-in-his-barque" a on was a in shrine and their function together single resting clearly protective. three deities of falcon statues (imy wii. BD-Chapter 182 is associated with the deceased's Osiris metamorphosis protective Wennefer. 198. The Book of the Dead or Going Forth by Day.1869. reliefs. sledge to in the the of The third Sokar. 39 in the cabin of a henu mummy they belong barque with the proportions suggested by the Seti Temple reliefs. 1996. but it is not clear that a to cm long were placed corn If 52 Sokar.1966. Two completely opposing views have been published on this topic.216 on Sun. 1984. Tooley. 1966. 88 38 90. see Gaballa/Kitchen. reprint 1971). 1969. varied. H.). 33. Raven. Chassinat believed that even the coffins labelled Osiris Khentyimentiu were used to bury Sokar figures. 744-746. This content downloaded by the authorized user from 192. when present.5 cm long and.40 rfffi 11 If. to be one of Hathor such images were According cubit long. if a figure of this length were inserted into the cabin onto the grain figure of the god. Egyptian Religion 237.33 m. in: JEA 82.82. and C. 28. pi. CCVIII] There is no evidence to suggest that Sokar mummies were ever made in another size. theminimum length for the carrying pole of platform would be approximately 3. the names of the deities. ?Kornosiris". in: LA III. 4 Vignette to BD 182.5 m for theminimum length of the carrying poles on Osiris' barque platfrom. see Chassinat. Le mystere d'Osiris au mois de Khoiak 1. 1998.58. see Chassinat. 25 Nov 2012 12:43:43 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions . as depicted inAf [Tb (Naville) 3 (1886. 57-58. Seeber. although figures of Osiris showed significant variation. although that estimate is based on entirely ^"l If If different sources. pjffifflfl Fig. in:OMRO 63." Raven. having stated that ?Sokaris in: figures have never been identified among the surviving archaeological material. L. Raven thinks that none of these images represent the god Sokar.168. about 52 cm.2006 The Festivals of Osiris and Sokar in theMonth of Khoiak 83 to texts from the Temple at Dendera. Willems Last the OLA Thousand Years.38 Corn mummies this size have been found. in: Or 38. suggesting association with the falcon headed god. 1982. For more on the composition of such figures. 40 For presentation of the evidence used to arrive at the estimate for the size of Osiris' barque. Mikhail. 38. Clarysse/Schoors 84. 1. An Osiris mould from Late Period Abydos measures 71. in: GM 81. However. see pp. (eds. 175-176. This is very close to my estimate of 3. 39 Many com mummies were found in falcon-headed coffins. Le mystere d'Osiris au mois de Khoiak 1. Sokar. 2). but three substantially 2 The Osiris Differences change. and that the dismemberment and scattering of the body of Osiris were later beliefs. These elements is adorned and the ribbons cult symbol were consists all intended to suggest its character as the 'head' of the deity. but associated with these fillets. This content downloaded by the authorized user from 192. reprint 1973. that barque as a whole would measure turn in the hypostyle halls required to leave the temple. The Osiris Fetish is also depicted in the Chapel of Ramesses I and theTemple of Ramesses II at Abydos. 169. as discussed this would below. 23-24. Reading Egyptian Art.42 it seems most made for Sokar in the Seti Temple was likely that the corn mummy 52 cm long. for references see Chart 1. R. are obscure of the Osiris Fetish and debated but. in: JEA 82. Die . Beinlich summarized the history of scholarship and debate surrounding the larger issue of the use of reliquaries in ancient see Beinlich. Winlock argued that the fetish was not seen as the head reliquary of Osiris by Nineteenth dynasty Egyptians. I. sometimes with a face. 13-14 (nos. The fact that Nineteenth Dynasty texts refer to the Osiris Fetish as the head of Osiris establishes that the Egyptians of this time associated itwith the head of Osiris. 1992.45 stuck onto a plain pole.A1 kneeling The Osiris king. 176. 6 and 7). Winlock. Wilkinson. the barque would have been too large to make the turns required to leave the temple.J. Fetish to temporal attributable different configurations of the so-called Osiris Fetish appear in areas of the Seti Temple dating to the time of Seti is a clear case. Raven. The Temple of Ramesses I at Abydos.216 on Sun."46 The Osiris Fetish is depicted on three different stands on Nineteenth Dynasty royal monuments at Abydos. about texts. 1982.43 The Nineteenth Dynasty. if inserted into the cabin. see Chart 1. towards the north end of the west wall of the First simplest configuration.5 m. 1992.41 Barques of up barque. The images intended for New Kingdom Osiris beds found in the Valley of the Kings range from 152 cm to 202 cm. 1996. ?. H.168. not only with sun disk and plumes. pole and wearing The pole of the fetish is exposed and the nemes-head&ress.inmost representations also with uraei and headbands. 25 Nov 2012 12:43:43 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions . in: OMRO 63. or ritual practice. Wilkinson. For the locations of these scenes. 41 42 43 44 45 Tooley.84 K.Osirisreliquien'. 47 The only example appears on the north end of the west wall of the First Hall in the Osiris Complex in the Seti Temple. already complying with the standard one cubit measure called for in later resulting Thus.1937. have made the widest almost certainly make the henu-barque the other hand. He asserted that references to Osiris' body falling apart prior to the Late Period refer to his body falling apart in his coffin.82. Eaton SAK 35 about 4. depicted sets of the Hall the of of two figures the fetish in a base composed (Fig. and its Conveyences in the depictions of processional images are usually regional variation. This in which therefore.. Reading Egyptian Art. 46 Egypt.169.44 by the origins to have represented the fetish seems the head reliquary of Osiris The Osiris Khentyimentiu. of the Sokar to 5 m On could larger thanOsiris' barques. R. of the developed Fetish essentially the fetish of a wig. MMA Papers 5. . and time were region not determinative factors. 17-42. but is clearly identified by itswig (Fig. The Vignettes in the Book of the This content downloaded by the authorized user from 192. Caulfield. 19). The two other of ritual equipment. Chapter 138 is the last chapter on the BD of Neferrenpet. each Ik (Dyn. the other has it in a processional barque (2. 2) the fetish has no face.The Osiris Fetish. the fetish is depicted in the middle of a ship. These two depictions to two modes of transport recorded for the Osiris Fetish at Abydos correspond carriage on the open (Aker) platform or in the cabin of a boat. upper part procession.1.168. Chapel of Ramesses of the Fetish.1. 5 The [A. 5). II. The same composition appears twice on thewest wall of the I and in an elaborate version of the vignette to BD-Chapter 138 (Fig. see Milde. featuring the Osiris Fetish with an adoring figure of the deceased and a protective figure (usually a recumbent jackal on a shrine). The king anoints the head of the fetish with ointment and the scene a list of ointments includes depiction contain more and perfumes complicated configurations to be offered. see Chart 3.49 In the Temple of 6). as depicted on the south wall of Osiris' barque chapel in the Seti Temple Fig. Temple of the Kings at Abydos: Seti I. see H. CLII. Most vignettes to this chapter were much simpler.236-237.1032). 236. II] On the southwall of theOsiris Barque Chapel (Fig. Dead of Neferrenpet. The 48 49 golden stand is characterized by images of two mummiform lions back-to-back.48 which has strong affinities with these representations Ramesses the scene stand is shown carried in but the of the is lost. The Vignettes in the Book of the Dead of Neferrenpet. For BD-abbreviations. 25 Nov 2012 12:43:43 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions . Egyptologische Uitgaven 7. Milde also noted that on pHori. reprint 1989) pi. One types of type shows the fetish set into in an elaborate carrying platform featuring the god Aker (the Aker platform) (2.1).1991. For further discussion of the vignettes to this chapter. either a river barge or a processional barque. 2.2). Milde. Dyn.2006 The Festivals of Osiris and Sokar in theMonth of Khoiak 85 the face is shown frontally.1.216 on Sun.1 The Fetish in theAker Platform . Tb (Naville) 3.82. ERA 8 (1902. 21 (pCleveland 21. perhaps to avoid any competition with Amun-Re's claim to dominance in that region. Souls and Re. A Dictionary of Egyptian Gods and Goddesses. and the some coffins Souls of Pe and Nekhen.. who represent with the solar journey from sunset to sunrise. and the socket for the mast of HI il <^L3_ If Irrpl ___ >" ^^ T^fo the underworld also These figures in the register on 138 Ik.216 on Sun. associated either royal often was the stand. 54 R. This content downloaded by the authorized user from 192.51 rPnii elements tiJUi_i. Eaton by a vulture.. and coronation In the Pyramid Texts (PT 306 and 530) they erect the ladder that the deceased uses to ascend to the heavens54 and on the Osiris Fetish." see G. on the south wall of three figures of the also in gold. the carrying pole or on the side of In the Chapel the platform. 1986. Hornung. 51 in: OMRO Raven. in: JNES 8. the ram standards.53 of Ramesses I. Allen.82. The Ancient Egyptian Pyramid Texts. A Dictionary of Egyptian Gods and Goddesses. from Ik (Dyn. The lions probably is associated the god Aker. reprint1971). 1986. an expression of praise and jubilation 50 For more on Aker.O. Fig. The various versions of BD-Chapter 15 are actually collections of solar hymns. corn mummies also bear solar containing hymns associated with Chapter 15 of the The BD.168. 1982. 19) [Tb (Naville)3 (1886. number with iconographic in these solar associations mean must configurations syncretism of between at Abydos Above 138. 12-26 and id. For a variety of versions. 25 (Corn-Mummies from Other Known Sites 3 and 4). 349-355. emphasized certain temple contexts. Osiris in the BD.pi. 94 and 199. see E. 6 An example of the vignette to BD-Chapter that legitimacy. The Book of the Dead or Going Forth by Day. see T.G.. 52 The relationship between Re and Osiris seems to have been played down in the Theban area.J. 63. they perform the henu-gesture. scenes In of the divine birth with the in important and perhaps more than elsewhere.52 the Osiris Chapel. 25 Nov 2012 12:43:43 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions . CLII] the Souls scenes of Pe and Nekhen these figures were were strongly depicted.50 in the bottom appear to BD-Chapter vignette they are flanked by six mummiform fig (three on each side). 1969.SAK 35 86 K. The predomin of solar imagery on the palanquins ures ance used to carry the Osiris Fetish is striking i_kTZH - the god Aker.. 208. on of Pe are depicted. and G. where ferryboat.114-115. in: LA 1. Hart. embraced the opening of the gate to the Netherworld for the king. ?Aker". Faulkner.1949. 1. Hart. 53 The Souls of Pe and Nekhen were ?upholders of divine kingship" and as such frequently appeared ?in scenes which emphasize the renewal of royal power.mi. have lunette decorations stelae. 1992. processionelle Egypte Empire. The entire Fetish rams wear solar which is the Z??-spirit of Osiris. Kuhlmann. As on other depictions figure probably Horus. ?Gesten". 59 Milde. 25 Nov 2012 12:43:43 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions . 103. Wilkinson. to greet the sun. Eaton. Brunner-Traut. On the top of the stand. The Vignettes in the Book of the Dead of Neferrenpet. 60 PM VI. wadjet-eyes. Historical and Art Historical Analysis. In the vignette to BD 138 in theBD of Ptahsem (Ik). of the Osiris the king. a spear. 236. These. 87. They are assisted by two standing figures of the king wearing the white mv-jars. This content downloaded by the authorized user from 192."59 The other standards a in the wall ensemble include: a standing jackal. A number ensemble of standards is flanked headdresses and may ram solar is associated to BD-Chapter ?cbiw of Buto" by appear on the south wall ram-standards tied with the ram of Mendes. PA 16. however. For the dating see P. 4. 2000. Reading Egyptian Art.168. 247-251. 1992. portions of Seti P s Theban and Abydene Memorial temples are no more than two years apart in date.82.56 in gold supports the fetish pole. Wilkinson. Brand. (Ik). Karlshausen recognized that the iconography of the barque of Amun-Re at Seti Fs Abydos Temple differed in these respects from de la barque contemporary depictions of his barque at Thebes. 160 (Abydos) and 235-236 (Gurnah). Department of Middle Eastern Studies. by protective kneel figures as they offer of jackals and cobras. but possibly are flanked these figures recumbent by protective figures. The relevant Louvain. including jackals on shrines. pi. standing jackal standards and ankh feathers. It is also possible that they served to mark the processional barque of the primary local deity. signs holding are There indications at Abydos that the Osiris Fetish was brought out in procession the carrying poles on the platform shown on the south wall of the Osiris Chapel and the scene in the nearby Temple of Ramesses remains of a processional II. The Ritual Functions of Processional Equipment in the Temple of Seti I at Abydos. The BD of of the king and a male figure wearing the twin plumes and holding Ptahsem contains falcon standards. part preserved. Reading Egyptian Art. in: LA II. L'iconographie en au divine Nouvel Diss.2006 The Festivals of Osiris and Sokar in theMonth of Khoiak 87 that was Thebes and used. and R.58 The vignette with the sun's crossing of the netherworld ram standards. Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of New York University. Reading Egyptian Art. The ribbons. 56 I argue elsewhere that these figures may once have been associated primarily with Osiris' barque. The one on the left was 138 on Ik also features labelled and the one on the right ?cbiw of [Hieraconpolis?]. and K. a reclining with a statuette hawk jackal. 17. 1997. The Monuments of these two monuments of Seti I: Epigraphic. 61. K.55 In Nineteenth Dynasty on these the of Amun-Re southern Nubia. in the blue crown.216 on Sun. where only the lower are are the of and base its bearers both interior scenes. see C. 61. Egypt's premier barque figures also appear solar deity but they are not shown with his barque in the Seti Temple. Karlshausen. 57 R. 2004. These a third pair of royal figures. of the Osiris red Chapel. among other things.60 Several the New and later. a group of royal figures dressed in the center wear the nemes-headdress The two kneeling figures like those on the simpler stand depicted in the First Osiris Hall. 1982. n. but later added toAmun-Re's as he absorbed the attributes of other deities. 58 Wilkinson. six statuettes of the king are flanked crown. Isis holds the pole along with a male fetish. 36 (38H39). from private Kingdom indicating that people were familiar with images of the Osiris Fetish and were permitted 55 E.57 The represent at night. 580-581. in:MDAIK 38. 19). most of both of these journeys would barque. 1974. in: Fs Mus. 25 Nov 2012 12:43:43 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions de la barque .63 was a river barge. in S. Berlin. Louvain. 2.1957. the nSmt-barque was associated with the gods triumphant return to the That two completely Anthes associated itwith the ?Erste Auszug. in: Fs Mus. although on and I there the of Seti have water. Karlshausen.68 On the other hand. in the New 61 All of the examples that I know of date to the New Kingdom or later. most of unknown provenance (for example. pis.2 again suggests solar associations. 62 East wall of the central hall. 125. Hauser. see Cenotaph of Seti 12. where as a station for this image.82. Several are in the British Museum. Lavier. Rs. 1974. 66 R. 1974. 5-8 and 33-53.61 The Chapel of Ramesses served twice in the lower register of the west wall. This content downloaded by the authorized user from 192."66 contradictory temple. Wall Scenes from the Mortuary Chapel of theMayor Paser atMedinet Habu. Nor do any appear among the pre-New Kingdom inscribed material found by the expedition. 1970. 1997. pi. SAOC 30. 141 and 161). see ANOC.289-295. in: BSAK 3. XX (BM 139) and XLVII (BM 146) and BM Stelae 10. 7). Lyon museum of Fine Arts H 1379. river the nSmt-barque could have been either barge or According a processional with carrying itwas depicted both on water67 and Kingdom to Osiris' tomb at Peker the processions poles. 1933. 2) there is a scene with parallel Even Karlshausen. Empire.216 on Sun. E. Among theMiddle Kingdom stelae published in the above collections it is very unusual for deities to be depicted.1989.64 to Lavier. Diss. probably the fetish I. Min and amumiform figure of Osiris wearing the white crown being the only three encountered among Simpson's ANOC groups. Berlin. see Simpson. Anthes. Inscribed Material from the Pennsylvania-Yale Excavations atAbydos. at least one is almost certainly from Abydos (BM 146). 1982 pis. 25." une neshemet The nSmt-barque is easily identified by its papyriform ends and by the image that it carried. 25.. cat. unidentified presence Khentyimentiu. described this processional barque as ?comme processionelle une neshemet en reduction. 67 See the stela of Houyou (Dyn.65 same are are. and indeed. XIX (BM 141). figure. in C. in Boats The Fetish On thewall opposite that of the fetish scene inOsiris' Barque Chapel (Fig. identified by some as the nSmt-barque.J. It appears again at the center of the top register on the east wall of the Central Hall to Osiris of the Osireion in the time of Merenptah). transl. who believes that the nSmt-barque was a river barge. Karlshausen. Thus. Even Karlshausen.88 K. 63 R. Eaton to depict is shown SAK 35 it in relatively public areas as well. the Osiris Fetish. Anthes." divine en Egypte au Nouvel see C. Ill).62 Horakhte 2. 1974. described this that the nSmt-barque en reduction. This seems to correspond to amore general change in decorum concerning the depiction of deities on private monuments. of the material underscores how these vague readings descriptions possible a Based on the textual descriptions. and the Chapel of Mayor Paser at Medinet Habu (tp. 52-53 (BM 161). Schott. 64 The relevant portion of the image in the tomb of Paser has been destroyed. 306. see R. where the king offers (decorated a The of Re Re-Horakhte and fourth. may (Umm el-Qaab) cenotaph (the Osireion) begun is no evidence for canals leading to either site. a processional who believes barque processional as ?comme barque (Fig. 65 M. Diss. Berlin. 26. see BM Stelae 9. Louvain. pi. BM 139. L'icono graphie de la barque processionelle divine en Egypte auNouvel Empire. in: Fs Mus. 68 The processional barque depicted on the north wall of Osiris' barque chapel in the Seti Temple is generally believed to be a depiction of the nSmt-barque. with Wepwawet. Anthes. None of theMiddle Kingdom stelae or related objects in Simpson's ANOC groups include depictions of the Osiris Fetish.168.1. 73. L'iconographie 1997. The Temple of the Kings at Abydos: Seti I. there is no indication that there were water routes to the destinations under consideration herein at any time. between the two support the fetish some figures of the their arms in a gesture of mourning. Ill] The associated with the nSmt-barque shares many features with the Aker equipment was on and this to used Fetish the Osiris platform transport boat-shaped palanquin clearly certain occasions. This content downloaded by the authorized user from 192. ?Opetfest". appear again at the prow of this barque. the top of the fetish appears above the shrine with its face in profile and is surrounded by solar imagery similar to that from of Pe. 25 Nov 2012 12:43:43 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions . an unlikely proposition. which has a similar One might suggest that ritual practice changed over time.The Festivals of Osiris and Sokar in theMonth of Khoiak 89 2006 have been conducted by land. There similarities iconographical of the the conveyances: nemes-headdress. Caulfield. raising the south wall- the the henu-gesture.168. Thus. However.82. if there were variation over time that variation would have to have involved moving the site of Peker to a place accessible by water. are replaced by golden statuettes of Isis and Nephthys. 7 A barque that carried the Osiris Fetish. pi. Two of the standards depicted in front of the fetish ensemble on the south wall. reprint 1989. here accompanied by a figure of the king and all performing are other and the ram standards. 1902.216 on Sun. Tutankhamun seems to have changed the route of the Opet Festival procession at Thebes from a land journey south to Luxor with return by barge by river to a round-trip journey on the river. golden figures king. 575. Murnane. This physical fact must override all of the textual evidence in favor of a water journey and the identification as a river barge per of the nSmt-barque se. see W. however. ERA 8.69 Fig. as depicted on the north wall of Osiris' barque chapel in the Seti Temple [A. in: LA IV. 69 a jackal and a falcon. wearing Souls pole king along with protective jackals and cobras. In this case. In its depiction. barques were not wider than their platforms. 72 1913. exception henu-barque barque and the kneeling figure of the king offering nw figures of the king in the nemes-headdress on the Aker-platform. 2004. 71 J. L'iconographie de la barque processionelle divine en Egypte au Nouvel Empire. see Karlshausen. at the barque. Other figures appear only on depictions jars. in the reign of Seti I Another shrine is destroyed so it is not known if the fetish protruded from the top. The Ritual Functions of Processional Equipment in the Temple of Seti I at Abydos. Eaton crew of golden statuettes divine and statuettes SAK 35 of the king with silver skin and gold clothing. This content downloaded by the authorized user from 192.2 The size of theplatform for theOsiris Fetish Attempts evidence to estimate - textual the size of Theban processional of barques rely on three categories elements. barque.71 2. Louvain. 167.160 (Abydos) and 235-236 (Gurnah). Henderson.70 perhaps stern. The top of the and that occurred that of Ramesses later. and Brand. Diss. 13-30. 87. For the dating of these two monuments see Brand. 247-251. prow and in two primary respects from the one depicted a broad collar surmounted stern are completely of covered by aegieaes by the composed ends associated with the nSmt-barque.82. Some of these figures appear on all Nineteenth Dynasty processional barques with the of with the these Sokar's and the include the two bed. head of the deity. in: JEA 75. as their carrying poles. so the date and significance of the differences are not clear. 5034-5200. The images in this hall were laid out in paint under Seti I.J. 1989. The latter also appears and Amun-Re's barque at Abydos barque two figures of the Re's barque at Abydos).90 K. Baines/ R. Jaeschke/J. but those of the platforms upon which were or more two held of carried. 70 I argue elsewhere that these figures may once have been associated primarily with Osiris' barque. scene on the south wall of the Hall of Barques. however. The consisted together by they carrying poles platforms scenes indicate that barques were roughly the same length crossbars and the processional sources. a figure of Horus who helps the king steer the of Osiris' in Thebes (but not Amun and the Souls of Pe or and Nubia goddess Mert in a gesture of mourning and. New York University. from the westernmost varies somewhat in its iconography and may represent a change in the decoration of prow or stern II. The relevant portions of Seti Fs Theban and Abydene Memorial temples are no more than two years apart in date. Figures from examples depicted in CG 4798-4976 u. Eaton. namely There is a female figure Isis Nekhen.216 on Sun. 1997. These scenes provide no clear indication of the barques' width and the length to width ratios of model barques varies from as little as 3:1 to as much as 13:1. but carved in the reign of Ramesses II. Diss. a figure of the king does not help the falcon-headed figure steer the barque. and the size of architectural of processions.72 Even the lowest figures would that the processional indicate. it does not have the papyriform differs Second. but the barque in the Osiris chapel: First. The Monuments of Seti 1. but later added to Amun-Re's as he absorbed the attributes of other deities. Karlshausen recognized that the iconography of the barque of Amun-Re at Seti Fs Abydos Temple differed in these respects from contemporary depictions of his barque at Thebes. 25 Nov 2012 12:43:43 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions .168. The Monuments of Seti I. It is also possible that they served tomark the processional barque of the primary local deity. depictions These data do not indicate the size of the barques. 79 This problem.2006 The Festivals of Osiris and Sokar in theMonth of Khoiak 91 we must of barque platforms varied regionally. 88-90 (Osiris-Khenty imentiu) and pp. 1880. For a translation Texts from the Amarna Period in Egypt. royal barques and the barque of Isis are shown being carried by priests two abreast. Legrain suggested by barque platforms might an m to number of . 1997. Diss. 77 M. At Abydos. Ancient Egypt. OIP 54.1-76. from the Ancient World 1955-58. in: BIFAO 13. Estimating barque size that the number of priests shown in processional images may reflect the status of the deity some temples and not the actual size of the participation. but these are too is that of barque size. Murnane. This content downloaded by the authorized user from 192. Abydos II. Ram. Royal barques at Abydos were depicted being carried by only four rows of two priests abreast. 2.216 on Sun. however.76 dating to the New Kingdom we on at Abydos. for scenes and architecture.77 Holscher observed.a. 258-259. see Urk. 80 Some of these chapels have inscriptions specifying that the rooms served as barque chapels: the barque chapel for the royal processional barque of Seti Iwas described as the hwt-kl (B-spirit house) for the sSmw hw (?august image") of Seti I. also Karlshausen. has been the subject of much debate. Legrain. size of corn have none platforms from Abydos. L'iconographie de la barque processionelle divine en Egypte au Nouvel Empire. IV. 76 For the size of corn mummies and their possible relationship to the size of the processional barques of Osiris and Sokar at Abydos is discussed in detail. L'iconographie de la barque processionelle divine en Egypte au Nouvel Empire.75 A related category of evidence vague to shed light on the question Since the sizes of the corn mummies mummies made and we varies the size of barque for the Khoiak of Sokar festivals The and Osiris. see pp. first addressed byM.1982. 541. Louvain 1997. 251-265. 1995. 1979. Louvain.82. Horus. pi. scenes requires calculating in processional the probable size of that the size of the be reconstructed priests. Trigger. 27-28. Holscher. 80-82 (Sokar). 78 A suggestion put forward by U. Die Mysterien des Osiris Abydos. 213. in:MDAIK 38. reprint 1998. pp. 355. 75-77. This debate is summarized admirably by Karlshausen. Dynasty processional scenes do provide an accurate of the number of priests used to carry divine portrayal barques. wherein walking the doors of the barque chapels to admit more than two priests 73 for Isis. 29. are too small to contain the thirty priests shown with the barque of Amun-Re. 20 f. 15-16. abreast. This inscription is recorded in Kitchen. in: B. I-VII. Inscr. see D. focus on data from of the procession from the Osiris Temple Abydos Kingdom descriptions proper. 7. for example. Legrain. The Excavation of Medinet Habu 3. Diss. 74 Umm el-Qaab is generally accepted to have been pkr after Schafer. pis.80 II are too narrow Seti I and Ramesses Min. See see W. of Tutankhamun's text. For example. Ramesses II decreed that the Variation in the size of the royal barque is best documented.1941. SBL Writings For hieroglyphic transcription. 95-97 (Osiris' Funeral Barque). 25 Nov 2012 12:43:43 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions .73 Middle to pkr74 at Abydos include descriptions of at least three barques or boats. 1916. This fits well with the architecture of the Ramesses II temple. e.168. According to the Restoration Inscription of Tutankhamun the image of Amun of Thebes was carried on eleven bars (increased to thirteen) while the image of Ptah South-of-his-Wall (Memphis) was carried on only nine bars (increased to eleven).1916. Series 5. In theNineteenth Dynasty royal barques at Thebes were usually depicted being carried by six rows of three priests abreast at Thebes. In the Theban area.78 In the Theban area. pp. in 75 I discuss this material in the introduction. in:BIFAO 13. must rely Abydene processional Thus.2025-32.44 the shoulder width of each and average assigning priest multiplying this by the number of priests shown carrying the barques. and Mariette. see K.79 to suggest that Nineteenth there is strong evidence Nevertheless.. O'Connor. Kuhlmann. 220. 75 for the barque scene and about 1:5 for the processional scene. Ram.90 One barque can also use processional In processional platforms. Karlshausen.44 m by the eight priests (six two the we a and at the side the of arrive of 3. 5 and 7). 31. and could only admit abreast. 8. see Chart 1.(39). is roughly the same as a person's shoulder width. On the other hand. 639. 6 and 10. 125 [4]. a fragment depicting priests carrying an object of Thutmose III. Murray.82.88 have doors wide Chapel enough to admit of Ramesses I89. Inscr.J.82 number scene in the Temple processional four abreast carrying the Osiris priests. 86 PM VI. scenes to suggest minimum lengths for the processional scenes. M. Louvain. Karlshausen. in: BIFAO 13. 89 PM VI. If we multiply . each priest places his fist against the back of the figure infront of him and the length from shoulder to fist. 84 M.(184) and Calverley/Gardiner. with the arm flexed. 15 (144) . it seems probable that the barque chapel of Osiris. 87 PM VI. 6.2-5.10-11. temple. Pouls. The Temple of Ramesses I at Abydos. 83 For references.52 carrying barque standing by shrine) figure m for the minimum length of the platform. For more on the Aker-stand. Based on these images. see Chart 1. pis.259-260. 1938. 19 (183) . appears a processional to be a special image carried by four priests case. This suggests that the barque of Osiris was also of Ramesses carried in columns of four. For discussions of the textual evidence concerning increases in the number of bars on Theban processional barques in the time of Ramesses C.92 K. 33 (10).87 and the First Octostyle Hall in theRamesses IITemple. Aker-stand.84 The four abreast was length of the carrying it clear poles found in association that the broader in these scenes platform varies.4. 85 The ratios of thewidth of the stands to the length of the poles are about 1:3. in: BIFAO 13. Abydos 1. shown transporting the Osiris Fetish on the north wall of his barque in the Seti I Temple. pi. about 1:6.168.theOsiris Chapel86 and Osiris Suite in the Seti Temple. L'iconographie de la barque processionelle divine en Egypte au Nouvel Empire. appear to be much shorter than those on the barque of Osiris (Figs.5 for the fetish scene.(145) and Calverley/Gardiner. 57. see above pp. was carried by at least as many priests as the fetish alone. This content downloaded by the authorized user from 192. 85-88. Louvain. in:KMT 8. pi.1916. 1916. 82 On thewidening of these doors. 1997.The two priests abreast. 90 For locations of scenes featuring the Osiris Fetish. in:Ancient Egypt. The platform was likely somewhat longer than 81 This text appears inKitchen. mummiform lions standing back-to-back. Eaton SAK 35 of carrying poles on the platforms of the processional barques of Mut should be increased from three to four81 and the doors to the Chapels of Mut in Luxor Temple were widened to accommodate larger carrying platforms.1979. i-iv [lower]. 2. 36 (38) . see Legrain.1933. Three of the four rooms inwhich the fetish is depicted atAbydos . Winter 1997-1998.216 on Sun. divine en Egypte au Nouvel Empire. Diss. 1997.83 A and Khonsu and Khonsu II at Abydos six rows of depicts Fetish's distinctive with winged. Winlock. 1916. A pylon fragment from Seti I's Abydos now in located front of the temple. the elbows of two rows of priests arranged three abreast and the backs of a third preserves row with a carrying pole upon their shoulders.85 with was Those the Abydene not an Temple innovation of of the Osiris Fetish. see C. 25 Nov 2012 12:43:43 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions . 88 PM VI. as it is depicted in theOsiris Chapel in the Seti Temple. making Ramesses II. The situation before Ramesses II is less by priests arranged clear. Diss. 252 and Legrain. pi. Abydos III. L'iconographie de la barque processionelle II. 1880. as it would distances have been for the priests to walk this close together the and reconstructed recorded Nonetheless. 489-496. EG. 25 Nov 2012 12:43:43 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions . and Raven. fit well over sizes with the of this 2. 1.C.3 Corn Mummy The scenes in the Osiris Chapel show the Osiris Fetish on two different palanquins. this Osiris is flanked of the ram of Mendes by two standards double plumes he wears (fp). . pi.92 The shrine ismore commonly depicted a Late Period stela (Fig.-Roman) pair a boat and a standing figure in a shrine on a sledge. 58 andMariette. Cauville. Kingdom in the lunette decoration of private stelae. 1966. 41-51.216 on Sun. 1982 28.E. 2040-1640 a common it had became but. perhaps the barque mummy.168. 96 Seep. 54-56. Mariette. estimated of Osiris and Sokar may have carried.). According a corn body was made recorded at Dendera. This content downloaded by the authorized user from 192. with This sun disk and variation is also consistent with the iconography of the Fetish. 9). reprint 1998. here. 25.94Like the Osiris Fetish. One a significant left the pole of the fetish exposed. 8). although the standard glyph for the fetish has the double plumes It is not clear whether contemporary with (r). Abydos III. 12. Allen.).C. Sign List R 17. reprint 1998. The pairing of a closed shrine and a barque (open or closed) occurs inAg. 95 J.82.93 Moreover. awkward traveled during festivals. Abydos II. Certainly therewas amajor change in decorum regarding the depiction of theOsiris Fetish itself on private 92 93 in the Middle in the New depicted element 91 - it was never Kingdom B.2006 The Festivals of Osiris and Sokar in theMonth of Khoiak 93 this. but sometimes displays a bed. Le mystere d'Osiris au mois de Khoiak 1998. For an exception.a two with BD-Chapter 1 sometimes associated conveyances represent barque and a Since the fetish shrine. Sign List R 17. 1550-1070 B. 1969. corn mummies. two instead but. 94 CG 1297. in: BSFE 112. n. Le and pBM 9995 (Ptol. Eb. in: OMRO 63.E. (ca.91 When the fetish its attached head. Pe and La. the other enclosed representation portion a to of the pole with the shrine of Osiris' later tradition processional barque. see La. The barque almost always contains and upright closed. and Gardiner. for Osiris-Khentyimentiu and attached to a an or was contents to a corn Osiris Fetish.95 were corn mummy over time.96 monuments Chassinat. corn body. the barques which minimum length. (ca. tfw-feathers of a headdress and ram's horns. 60. 1880. 2000. Depictions of funerals is indicated figure barque. figure from theNecropolis atAbydos depicts amummiform figure of Osiris standing upright on a platform carried by eight priests (Fig. there are variants these variations each other or reflect the Sw-feathers that feature in the treatment ritual changes of and ram's horns the that took place (X). Middle Egyptian. shrine may have been around placed to protect the pole the delicate of the shrine on the processional pole goes right through the middle some sort of upright in any case. [Mariette. 6 and 7). Abydos 97 Raven. 13-14 (nos. The Ancient Egyptian Book of the Dead. This content downloaded by the authorized user from 192. to Exh. but several royal tombs at Thebes. 25 Nov 2012 12:43:43 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions .J. Cairo. Fig. too long to make Cairo.-Roman) [detail of Faulkner. 1880. 1064). an at such that could hold the processional any barque image Abydos.98 They cannot be used. 1982. Egyptian Museum. barques halls that were requir the turns in the hypostyle be over 6 m long. reconstruct would statue of Osiris being carried in procession. 25] No corn mummies Osiris beds were useful provide dating to the New Kingdom in Eighteenth deposited into the insight potential Dynasty variation have been found at Abydos.168. however. No. in:OMRO 63. pi. 9 Mummiform as depicted on a Late Period stela from Abydos. 1982. 98 Raven. 58] in: OMRO 63. reprint 1998.82. JE 47856) to 202 cm (Tutankh amun. Egyptian Museum. 8 A portion of the vignette to BD-Chapter 1from pBM 9995 (Ptol. 12-15.SAK 35 94 K.97 These beds in in scale of Osiris images. ranging length from 152 cm (Horemheb.216 on Sun. Eaton Fig. II. the barque with the bed features a blue panel.The Festivals of Osiris and Sokar in theMonth of Khoiak 95 2006 ed to exit in size does suggest. 10).82. This content downloaded by the authorized user from 192. however. only the lower part of the stern remains. of Thus. but there may have originally a standard. 1996. which fouilles d'Abydos Lichtheim 1897-1898. 100 in: JEA 82. The upper portion of the shrine ismissing. processional at Abydos. On what remains of the prow. Ikhernofret Les nouvelles inscription. This detail and the fact that it is the king who offers before the barque. the temple. like not the have been standardized the royal mortuary rituals represented Osiris beds.216 on Sun. Amelineau. The variation that temple rituals. This fits well with theminimum figure of 3. which be useful the size of these images.1996. This does not seem to be another version of the barque that carried the fetish. The king kneels before a seated deity who wears the atefcrovm. There been destroyed. 176.1904. upright image 71.the the scenes. it would size for the produce as a whole is significantly smaller than the minimum lengths scenes the of and architecture of the Seti suggested by analysis Temple. 101Tooley. a statue of the king kneels with nw-jars. along with the top of the prow.5 cm at Abydos formed The most complete by Amelineau. processional barque that The dimension that fits best with the processional depictions of the fetish come from or planters found long. On the pectoral a small offering in red. 8). . indicates that the barque is not a royal one. processional it seems probable that the standard one cubit figure was not yet in use for figures of Osiris made at Abydos. Only the legs barque. 3 Osiris' with of the processional all three categories and the moulds found scenes. 203. Funeral Barque of a processional 12 of the Osiris Suite. Thus. 25 Nov 2012 12:43:43 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions . One 6b). the bed was to those depicted in clearly barque with comparable vignettes to BD-Chapter 1 (Fig. in: JEA 82.5 cm tallwould yield aminimum length of 3. of the is also The pole barque shrine. depiction barque. may by in the New Kingdom." example on an the pole of the head-reliquary. probably Osiris (PI.66 m for the barque of Osiris. however.176. If they were. Tooley.101 This barque has an upturned prow has not generally been recognized scene is painted adorned with a broad collar and pectoral.52 m for the length of the fetish platform that I have reconstructed since on the basis it agrees architecture.100 If a body were terracotta moulds is 71. This boat might be associated with the barque called ?Truly-arisen-is-the-Lord-of-Abydosu 99 in the and E. on the west wall of Room as such (Fig. evidence I consider this the best solution. The a funerary barque. facing the are no other figures on this side of the barque. See Chart 1.168. Usually the gods Inmutef or Thoth offer before the royal central shrine is open and contains a lion-footed bed. Although the hulls of both barques painted gold. The barque's of the bed are preserved. a number of one cubit (about 52 cm). If this number for reconstructing is used to would on a estimate the size of the shrine the barque. is recorded in a later tradition. 216 on Sun.96 K. be 6. Beinlich.Mikhail. This content downloaded by the authorized user from 192. but I know of no 12 were in Room If the barque depicted evidence for the divine members. If the barque with the bed carried a 71. associated with thewest wall of the Chapel of Ramesses I atAbydos. Le mystere d'Osiris aumois de Khoiak 1.almost filling its 3.150] in a variety of shapes and sizes. see H.56-57. by Kingdom. 103 L.Osirisreliquien\ AA 42. itwould be over 3m long .82. with a bed of then the barque as a whole would Other types of Osiris burials came room comparable length.1969. the shortest of the Osiris beds recovered from long enough a royal tomb at Thebes.can only be negotiated by barques less then 5m long.168. would have been too large for the in which and too long to enter the central processional the funeral barque is depicted way. A Guide to Religious Ritual at Abydos. A barque of this size. archaeological to carry an image of 152 cm.1966. dd-pillar as on are The Osiris Fetish and the dd-pillar often juxtaposed. the number suggested by themoulds found by Amelineau atAbydos. 10 The barque of Osiris(?) carrying a loin-footed bed.Eaton SAK 35 the funeral of the god. 2."102 A barque with a bed might be a set of disembodied in the Dendera limbs described used to carry the ?divine members" New the the other emblem the and Osiris' Texts103 Since.On the various body parts associated with reliquaries in:Or 38. 2) . 1981. described as ?.38. East wall of Room 12 of the Osiris Suite in the Seti Temple. and Gaballa/Kitchen.5 cm image.????y''fcfr Fig. seems to have been associated itwould have with the spinal column of Osiris. 25 Nov 2012 12:43:43 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions . n. 31. 102 Lichtheim. major dd-pillar.1984. 125.. [David. united the divine members. however. a route involving even at the point with the most clearance.67 m long room Sokar's and producing a barque similar in size to those associated with the fetish and with henu-barque. in:GM 81. Chassinat.51-52. at the west end of turns that the Second Hypostyle Hall (Fig.1984. Die .5 m long.. in different Egyptian nomes.J. n. Ancient Egyptian Literature 1. r jKl 1 ci*^l [ ~3| fit It a^-A^HT" . 1. it is possible that their processions after they left the temple.2006 The Festivals of Osiris and Sokar in theMonth of Khoiak 97 I suggest that Osiris' Khoiak festival at Abydos the construction of two involved cm one to of 70 in be the other carried Osiris horizontally roughly images length. 25 Nov 2012 12:43:43 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions . above the door to the Gallery on a a scene on and the other the north of the Corridor of the wall stand. If Sokar had a corn mummy as seems probable. Abydos IV. 23-24 and 27.106 separate well Most depictions of Sokar's henu-barque appear along plan there were routes out of the temple (Fig. This route contains one in the Second Hypostyle of Lists. in:OMRO 63. on a bed. 105 As indicated by the instructions calling for three images to be made . the internal rites associated with these festival remained cycles into the New Kingdom.1969.four meters for each of the three barques. 2). resting dragging the Gallery Bull. the sizes of the processional they suggest estimating barques depicted a length of three . For a general overview of the making of these figures Khentyimentiu and Raven. with the barque Hall. A Guide to Religious Ritual at Abydos. Most temple. Gaballa/Kitchen. 1982. at Abydos.104 Certainly by the Ptolemaic at Dendera. see Tooley. The Second Hypostyle Hall portions are published in Calverley/Gardiner. according to the later instructions. by the New Kingdom.28.216 on Sun.168. 106 Since the two festivals were celebrated at the same time of year. open. Two henu-barque in II appear carved the of Ramesses scenes. program along this route is devoted Hall the barque at rest on the west. then a right turn into the Corridor of the Bull and on to the Stairway scenes two henu-barqae Passage leading out of the temple (Fig. Osiris and the Divine Members. but. This is the same length scenes and by the architecture of suggested by data from the processional independently one cubit probably the temple. it was made Thus.82.175-176.Sokar-Osiris. 107overlapped The henu-barque scenes discussed in this section are listed in Chart 1 unless otherwise noted.105 in the Temple inscribed of Hathor On by texts temples has had been absorbed led by the case. ? Two Temple Complexes in Sokar's of Osiris festival 4 Conclusions: One The prominence to suggest scholars - Two Festivals scenes in Theban Memorial Sokar's festival that. 36. The and other deities Sokar. Osiris' Khoiak Period this was festival.107 According original an of these ? alley" that led through the hypostyle halls.108The Seti Temple also has a back exit? out a door in the south wall of the Second Hall.a scene on the east wall and a scene with dragging decorative to Ptah. as indicated the other hand. 104 in:Or 38. style between theAlley of Ptah and theAlley of Seti I in the upper register of the First Hypostyle . the of scenes of Osiris and Sokar in the Temple of Seti I arrangement relating to the festivals indicate that. for his festival. This content downloaded by the authorized user from 192. are used as the starting ratios for these numbers (52 cm) long. When in the Seti Temple.1996. each associated with exits were blocked Ramesses been it had have left would still been II. Nefertem associated with the Chapel of Ptah and theNefertem-Ptah-Sokar Suite. pis. 1958. by they for barques to move into the central processional the ramp into necessary way to descend the second court. 1981. exits at the front of the seven to the temple's 2). in: JEA 82. David. upright. 108 The route is described inR. Hypostyle through of Lists. 44-46. A. in: LA V. Osiris' frequent in Sokar's New appearance in the Nefertem-Ptah-Sokar Suite scenes has been taken to mean festival had festival that. 1065-1066. 1. Sokar does not appear in these areas in any form. Kitchen. . and David.10-173. Mariette. 106-107. According as part of Osiris' Khoiak Festival.109 No remains of its barque survive. 1998. temple The Litany of Sokar (BD-Chapter of the Hall of Nefertem-Ptah-Sokar scenes at Medinet in part. 4 and 51. place of the Seti Temple scenes to Osiris devoted to devoted - the Osiris Suite.98 K. As a result. depictions he appears in various forms in the Nefertem-Ptah-Sokar absent from this complex Suite a form that figures prominently in Osiris' Khoiak does Festival.110 However. 1869. 36. I. Ann. Abydos reprint pi.82. 2.168. the clear separation of Sokar's suite from that of Osiris in the Seti Temple.171. This is not a matter of happenstance. in the BD is supported by other monuments: Medinet Habu. 111 in: Or 38. in the upper register on the north wall 142) appears and in Sokar's festival (Temple of Seti I at Abydos)111 at of III In the Chapel of Ramesses the memorial Thebes. Osiris-Khentyimentiu. 5b) may Ptah-Sokar. 1969. 469 (Room 26. This content downloaded by the authorized user from 192. be upper register identified as Sokar's barque scene on the basis of the barque's characteristic stand with the Two depictions and 'Tz/z-signs. See PM II. 4).216 on Sun. by this time. vignette to BD 110). A Guide toReligious Ritual atAbydos. Trans. Ram. the Osiris Chapel and are both well the two processional preserved. 511-512 (153-154).1993. the Osiris Chapel and the Alley of Osiris that leads through the hypostyle halls. each with its own processional way and individual sets of processional equipment (as depicted on the walls) suggests that this idea should be reconsidered. Ram. images that to Osiris do not appear in the Nefertem-Ptah-Sokar of Suite or along the Alley belonged areas are not of the temple associated with Sokar. pis. ?Sokar". of Sokar was accomplished. Gaballa/Kitchen. 10-173. Kitchen. north wall. The idea that the revivification where Osiris1 109 For discussion of this barque stand. wherein is identified have belonged the deceased at least with Osiris-Wennefer. Gaballa/Kitchen. In fact. 80-81. 112 Rooms 26 and 27 at Medinet Habu feature texts and vignettes from BD 110 and 148. through rites recorded rooms to texts and vignettes BD 110 from and 148 appear in the devoted Sokar 12 inscribed and Late Period corn mummies coffins that were buried in falcon-headed Habu. There are remains of another dd-pillars scene of the north wall in the central stand with of decorative of the Hall dd-pillars These depictions would Barques. Incr. A more is that Sokar's festival likely explanation is in essence his for Osiris' prominence in Sokar's festival scenes funeral. well preserved. Sokar's Kingdom been absorbed by that of Osiris. Although the Osiris Suite has been badly damaged. the Alley of Osiris not appear or along the Alley of Ptah. 1975. appears on the west end of the north wall of the Hall. andMedinet Habu 6. 1.2. Eaton SAK 35 are associated with the Hall of Nefertem-Ptah-Sokar. Another. 48a.a Ptah and Nefertem particularly never Sokar's appears barque place Sokar's appropriate in the areas between henu-barque for them. an image of Sokar was made to the texts in the temple of Hathor at Dendera. Inscr. of the henu-barque in the One. 171. 110 in:Or 38. see above p. 25 Nov 2012 12:43:43 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions . image labelled Osiris-Wennefer a to vignette to BD-Chapter 182 (Fig. Although of Osiris Ptah. Brovarski. 1963. 1969. Conversely. on can the south end of the east wall of the Hall of Nefertem-Ptah-Sokar.J. an on the west end of south wall (PI. 113 Raven. 306. text to BD 110). Louvain. 25 (Corn-Mummies from Other Known Sites 3 and 4). 31. Diss. 124 PM VI. and Calverley/Gardiner. 33 (10). 6. Temple of Seti I on Neshmet 99 Temple of Ram.1949. 10. pis. The various versions of BD-Chapter 15 are actually collections of solar hymns. pi. 12b.168. 15 (144). i-iv [lower]. Only a fragment of the barque stand remains. 1982. 23 (206). 128 PM VI. left124 West wall. 1997.1982. pi.216 on Sun. in: OMRO 63. Room 12 east121 First Osiris Hall. Only the barque stand remains. and Calverley/Gardiner. 115 PM VI. (?)116 north117 north (?)120 Osiris Suite. Abydos I.82. 118 119PMVI. 117 PM VI. 26 (Z). Abydos III. cat. 122 PM VI. 127 PM VI. west118 Hall. 125 PM VI. Processional Images Temple of Seti I Henu-barque Second Hypostyle Hall114 Nefertem-Ptah-Sokar Hall north115 Nefertem-Ptah-Sokar Hall east Corridor of the Bull. 26. This content downloaded by the authorized user from 192. pi. L'iconographie de la barque processionelle divine en Egypte auNouvel Empire. and C. Calverley/Gardiner. in:MDAIK 38. 19-20 (183) . and C. 1997. 163. vignette to BD 148). in: JNES 8. pi. The Book of the Dead or Going Forth by Day. 121 PM VI. south wall. see T. 23 (210). cat. Diss. 6-7. pis. Abydos III. Temple of Seti Hall. 31. cat. Winlock The Temple of Ramesses I at Abydos. text toBD 110). Abydos 1. Winlock The Temple of Ramesses I at Abydos. Calverley/Gardiner. pi. pis. Karlshausen. 130 C. pi. 362. 36 (38) . north wall. 25 Nov 2012 12:43:43 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions . PM VI. Abydos III. L'iconographie de la barque processionelle divine en Egypte au Nouvel Empire. Diss. and Calverley/Gardiner. i-iv [lower]. 25 (222). west122 and south123 I West wall. First Hypostyle First Hypostyle Hall Funeral boat Osiris Fetish Temple of Seti I Temple of Seti I on Aker-platform Chapel of Ram.Louvain.(39). Louvain. south126 II First Octostyle Hall. 197. For a variety of versions.5(46). and id. 473 (Room 27. 19-20 (178) . 116 PM VI. pi. Allen.6(59). 103 a-b. and 474 (Room 27.(237).113 This suggests BD-Chapter scenes may also have been due to his role inmortuary liturgies.The Festivals of Osiris and Sokar in theMonth of Khoiak 2006 with the name with Sokar's Chart 1 - ?Sokar" festival and with that Osiris' association 15. 38B. 22 (East Room). 114 PM VI. 15 (145). 1997.G. Karlshausen. 129 PM VI. 349-355.. 26 (236) . 76. 63. Karlshausen. 120PMVI.(184). 33 (10).(179). L'iconographie de la barque processionelle divine en Egypte au Nouvel Empire. Abydos IV. and Kuhlmann. and Calverley/Gardiner. east119 of Barques. right125 Osiris Chapel. south wall. 126 PM VI. north127 I Chapel of Osiris north128 Hall Stela of Houyou of Barques south129 on the nSmt-barge130 depicted 470 (Room 26. 123 PM VI. 473 (Room 27. 135 As on Ga.136 as well scene Aker-platform might support of ?victorious as for a triumphant in the Seti Temple. Chapter 138 sometimes closes the BD. south wall.132 containing cannot be claimed. The Ancient Egyptian Book of the Dead. 236.G." and the to Sokar-Osiris 131 For a variety of versions. vignette to BD 110). this view."138 in of the rooms devoted appears distinctive in the Complex in the Seti Temple. 12-26 and id. north wall. This content downloaded by the authorized user from 192.133 However. andMedinet Habu 6. Medinet Habu 6. 1969. 470 (Room 26. in: OMRO 63.Eaton Chart 2 . Milde. Cows.. The Vignettes in the Book of the Dead of Neferrenpet. of this get chapter through goal probably large of an oryx.1949.131 Its connection with the festivals of Osiris of Khoiak in one local tradition is secure. 134 PM II. swift-footed fits well with the offering 110 Both the text and vignette to this chapter appear in the rooms devoted to Sokar was BD Osiris in the memorial temple III at Medinet of Ramesses Habu. images of Osiris depicted based to BD Complexes like those BD 15 74 and Sokar also include of standards depictions to BD in vignettes 1. 511-512 (153-154). barque henu-barque to be to too Room The 24.Summary of Book of theDead Chapters associated with festivals celebrated in themonth of Khoiak BD 1 - cannot correspondence with the festivals associated be claimed.216 on Sun. Habu. of solar hymns.134 BD 138 The vignette toBD 138 often features a depiction of the ?Osiris Fetish" and other imagery associated with depictions of the Fetish in the Aker-platform in the Chapel of Ramesses I and Temple of Seti I at Abydos.168. Allen. featuring one of Heaven. 1.82.SAK 35 100 K. BD 142 This is the ?Litany of Sokar" which appears both with the Sokar Festival Scenes in the memorial temple of Nefertem-Ptah-Sokar BD 148 This chapter's ?Four Rudders of Ramesses III at Medinet Habu137 and the ?Seven Celestial vignette. 138 Faulkner. 1982. a was to 1. The Vignettes in the Book of the Dead of Neferrenpet. 25 Nov 2012 12:43:43 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions . in: JNES 8. text to BD 110). pi. 480A. 1972. text to BD 110). 236. the vignette correspondence The king is depicted sacrificing henu-barque. pis. see T. Gaballa/Kitchen. it an appropriate arrival" makes ending return to the temple. The position of the near the entrance to the Osiris Complex. direct Sokar's coffins Sokar's inMedinet Room to BD an oryx 74 often before the actual 25. 142. 137 in: Or 38. 133 PM II (1994) 511 (152) h. The Book of the Dead or Going Forth by Day. 25 (Corn-Mummies from Other Known Sites 3^). 136 Milde. as the text was featured is actually a collection or Sokar in the month inscribed BD to both Osiris devoted Although features on some corn mummies.J. direct Although equipment was Khoiak of Sokar much and Osiris of the processional of in the month on the design in which of funerary appears equipment. 349-355. which two processional the mirror in the Seti Temple. and Epigraphic Survey.135 Its theme for the BD. 132 Raven. 469 (Room 26. 4-5 and 51. of the the interest Of present study vignettes particular pairing horizontal figure carried in a boat and an upright figure carried in a shrine. north wall. This content downloaded by the authorized user from 192.139 Moreover.216 on Sun. 25 Nov 2012 12:43:43 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions . Allen noted that titles often ?land in the wrong spot.with comments on the nature of the di spirit. Af (Dyn. E2775.. 102. in the BD. 159. e. Milde suggested that BD 190 should be understood as an appendix to BD 141-142 rather than an introduction to BD 148. 143 See. Quirke. The Book of the Dead or Going Forth by Day.G. The Ancient Egyptian Book of the Dead. including are the only two chapters in the BD that call for a is not listed). 331. However. Goelet.142 festival BD 182 Scenes on thewest end of the southwall of the Chapel of Ptah-Sokar in the Seti Temple strongly resemble this chapter's distinctive vignette.168. 1993. 145 O. see T. 144 Tb (Naville) 1-2.143 BD 190 See BD 148. pi. in Faulkner. 1994. 20 Name Provenance mwt-htpt(i) Thebes(?) h(r)w-nfr Thebes(?) Thebes iny Thebes nfr-rnpt Current Location BM 10010 BM9901 BM 10470145 Brussels E 5043 and Philadelphia. BD 190 should probably be understood as a rubric.a. 19-20 Pe Dyn. 19 La Dyn. For BD-abbreviations. n. 24-25. The Vignettes in the Book of the Dead of Neferrenpet. Tb (Naville) 3. ?A . vignette to BD 140 148). south wall. unless otherwise noted. Although rubrics often appear to are unusual. CCVIII. Owners of Funerary Papyri in the British Museum. Eaton. pBM 9995 IkDyn. The scene that I refer to in the present study appears in Faulkner.Book of theDead Copies144 Abbreviation Date Af Dyn. andMedinet Habu 6. 20-21). no. 178-179 and see Chart 3. on a series of to be performed and Osiris' Birthday (Osiris' Khoiak rituals were specify the Festival of Sokar days.2006 The Festivals of Osiris and Sokar in theMonth of Khoiak 101 in the memorial BD temple of Ramesses that these 148/190140 III at Medinet rubrics to Habu. 18-19 Ga Dyn. British Museum Occasional Paper 92. 141 For example. The Egyptian Book of the Dead. see Milde.141 festival be misplaced instructions and do not appear to have been mixed up.82.Mortuary Liturgy' from the Book of the Dead . The Vignettes in the Book of the Dead of Neferrenpet. 19 EbDyn. 20-21 Ag Dyn. 213." T. University Mus. 146 1991. 147 S.G. The Book of the Dead or Forth by Day. pi. Allen. 2. The Ancient Egyptian Book of the Dead. Chart 3 . Milde. Allen. 18-19 LeDyn. 511-512 (153-154). 19 Roman pth-sm knni pi-krr nb-kd Kerasher Thebes(?) Thebes(?) Memphis Thebes(?) 16720-22146 private collection Leiden T 2 Leiden T 4 L 3068 + 3113 BM 9995147 139 See PM II. BD 148 and 190 are usually combined. for example." forthcoming. These festival ritual to be performed for the Festival of Sokar. 474 (Room 27. 142 Going K. According to Allen. ^^M_HRQh_H_@_S^H_I_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_H _?. Chapel of Ptah-Sokar. of Sokar appear in a depiction of a portable shrine.2006 K. J."" *?*' _l_l_l_l_l_l_l_l_l_l_l_l_l_l_l_l_l_l_l_l_l_l_l_BS^__!_H_i *<m\ ""* % _^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^Bi!__!ii_^o^^K *" it Jt ^^^^^^^^^^^^QiH_Ei^l_^^ **^ i f _^__^__^__^__^__^__^__^__^__^H__^__^__^H_iK*4rir^ ffll.216 on Sun.y^ iMM^ Ik 9__H__^__i_i_i_i_i_i_i_i_i_i_i_i_i_i_i_i_i_i_H ?-ty "' > ^^^^^^B^^^^^^^^BB^M^MSf ^*fJm\^ ^M^KmS^^^^^^^^^l t_*?r_iyfWx -JryW -^-^_^-^-^-HI-^-^-^-^-^-^-^-^-^-^-^-^-^-HI-H--l-BHF^--^___i^iiiF^-& ^^.~.82. south wall. Eaton Tafel 5 _^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_H_l_[HHii_^jiii!^w^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^-'3^^B^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^B ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^B^S^^^JF y0m^^ :".:JI__f___H__HP_^l__^__^__^__^__^__^__^__^__^__H -jnMB-BP_?li--^-^-^-^-^-^-i ' In* ?___& *j*w -^-^_^-^-^-^-^-^-^-^-i-^-^-^-^-HliPl^_!Pli-il_f111f1' ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^H^^^HH_^5ip'_SH^HRHH-^ # ***r* . ^?. lower register in the Seti Temple.. '> / . Isis. Who-is-in-his-Barque appear in a depiction Composite of a portable statues. west end.11jyiia^IBO--^-^-^-^-i lies upon a bier. Osiris-Wennefer This content downloaded by the authorized user from 192.?W^^_i^^*^feJ__MI_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_B JbKmBB^^^^WfJ^^^^^^^B ^? ___^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_i w^^^^BBKm??^BEv?*k j^__^__^BlBk3_!9^ * * \ _^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^H_f jIb?M I/ >-*!_#?****^. -*'. of shrine.. 25 Nov 2012 12:43:43 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions .168.&%* / "" "* ^ t?* 2tli-_^_^_Mi(idfc^!f~ iMiftiiii l_H_^-l^_HE^Sii^__r. -%<w . Chapel of Ptah-Sokar../^ v \ .. ^^^^^^^ <*:.** sf\ ' Sltttf *? -. lower register in Seti Temple l-^-^-^-H_ii^9_r irfIImH^ "li_^_^_^_^_R *_ M ?wk^ll_^_^_^_K i_^_^_^__l__?iiiils??lls ^?_l % v _?. >^w>___f?_l JUre m^-M^M^K^^^^^^^i^^9KEKf^^^^J^mS8EK^ttmS^SKKtk ^ ~ t__ *_^i_H_BH-_H-^-SN-8!!^-&r^^VK----Qi--l ^^^S__Sr'^SiiM jy^jfl *. attended by Isis and Horus.^^'Siinn ^F'^'^btt^^%>\* -\*m*sJr\ ^ ?_^___ft^i-?-li__-3--^-H ^^BMJMhISiiE^^ _?__D_^_%^^____B_l!iW_/**> kJWl_B___H_^_FH_B^* "*^^**3l___S_K3lll_^_HI *^_*^P _^_HMi^_-__^iii[ a^^gly|jter?|S*^ssa-^_. Who-is-in-his-Barque and lies upon a bier.-""' -? ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^BSl_H@_^^_^i^^^_HBk# : j J^ j Hp11 # ^^?WWHE^Ii^^^^^^^B^B^^^^^B ^_fl_Hi9iHBl_^_^_HB^BH_^_^_^_^_^_^_B /' ?t. ^^^^^^^BPfilP|fff ~ - ^ftil^_^_^_5^^^BP*_. west end. Composite statues.^ ^ ?_." I iit^l_H__^__^__^__HI_ll_^_9i^__^__^__iHH__^__H ''"I?i''ll^__B__PBr^_Pildi|^f^^BP W-M-BW *$_?^ws&!ft. K *.^!-. north wall.:^_i_B_i_iibiS _i_i_i_i_i_i_i_i_i_i_i_i_i_i_i_Hi__l_B_i_HE_l_HK_4_iH^?|_r i _-*#% ' <_______Jn_lHP_BM-M9-^-i-Pd-_ll^<'^l I / '^^^' -^-^-^-^-^-^-^-^-^-^-^-^-^-^-^-^-^-P-i-^-^-^-^-H-l-HF^-flP -il ^Ri_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_^_l Sokar-Osiris Who-is-in-his-Barque Horus. East wall of Room 12 of the Osiris Suite in Seti Temple. South wall./^yi^^HBHMH^^^^^I^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^I Two of the guardian deities from the Chapel of Ptah-Sokar. This content downloaded by the authorized user from 192. Detail of the collar and pectoral on the barque with the lion-footed bed. . * ''^. 25 Nov 2012 12:43:43 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions .! SAK 35 .Tafel 6K.Eaton ^BBEiiii. west end.82.168. . upper register in the Seti Temple.J.216 on Sun.