1 TERMITES (ISOPTERA) OF TRINIDAD & TOBAGO, WEST INDIESa Rudolf H. Scheffrahnb, Jan Krecekb, Boudanath Maharajhb, James A.Chasec, John R. Mangoldd and Christopher K. Starre Trinidad and Tobago are continental islands fringing the coast of northern South America, with land areas of about 4800 and 300 km2, respectively. Together with several associated smaller islands, they form the national territory of Trinidad & Tobago. The termite fauna of Trinidad was first surveyed by Adamson (1937), based on over 1000 samples collected from many parts of the island. For his identifications, Adamson relied heavily on A.E. Emerson (University of Chicago), who had previously conducted an extensive survey of the termites of Guyana (Emerson 1925). Adamson (1940) added several species from Trinidad and listed 10 species from Tobago. J.P.E.C. Darlington contributed further additions for both Trinidad and Tobago, which were compiled in the most recently published list of termites from the West Indies (Scheffrahn et al. 1994). Between May 1996 and September 2002, additional surveys were conducted by the authors on Trinidad, Tobago, Little Tobago, and the Bocas Islands (comprising Chacachacare, Huevos and Monos; Fig. 1). All records from the latter four islands are new. These surveys encompassed 58 collector-days and yielded over 1100 colony samples, including samples of two new species of Cryptotermes (Scheffrahn & Krecek 1999), three undescribed new species (one each in the genera Microcerotermes, Nasutitermes and Neotermes), and a number of probable new species of Anoplotermes and Rugitermes (Table 1). Assuming that all of the latter species are indeed new, the known species of all islands together now number 55. The termite fauna of Trinidad, as expected of a continental island (cf. Darlington 1966), is primarily an extension of that of mainland South America, as listed by Constantino (1998). Tobago, which shares a shallow marine bank with Trinidad, also has a mainland fauna, albeit depauperate relative to the much larger island of Trinidad. As expected, the much smaller Bocas Islands and Little Tobago contain species subsets of their larger island or continental neighbors. ______________________________________________________________________________ a. b. c. d. e. Updated version of Scheffrahn et al. (2003). Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314 USA Terminix International, 1235B Eagles Landing Pkwy., Stockbridge, GA 30281 USA 12955 Starkey Road, Suite 300, Largo, FL 33773 USA Dep't of Life Sciences, University of the West Indies, St Augustine, Trinidad & Tobago Monos (M). . Reference (Ref) numbers correspond to those in the list of references. Huevos (H). Trinidad (Tr). At center-left is part of the Paria Peninsula of Venezuela. and Little Tobago (LT). showing termite collection localities. Tobago (To).2 Map of Trinidad & Tobago. Species marked with asterisks are known or believed to be introduced. Single crosses indicate records from the literature. The survey embraces six islands: Chacachacare (C). Double crosses indicate new records in Scheffrahn et al. Double asterisks represent dubious records. (2003) and later. D + + + + + + + + + + + + ++ ++ + + + + ++ ++ ++ ++ + + ++ + + + ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ + + ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ 1 1 1 2 1 ++ ++ + + ++ ++ + ++ ++ 1 14 13 18 1 3 2 3 18 5 15 15 21 2 4 1 ++ + + ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ + + ++ ++ . sp. Rugitermes sp. sp. B RHINOTERMITIDAE Coptotermes testaceus (Linnaeus) Dolichorhinotermes longilabius (Emerson) Heterotermes convexinotatus (Snyder) Heterotermes tenuis (Hagen) TERMITIDAE: APICOTERMITINAE Anoplotermes banksi (Emerson) Anoplotermes brevipilus (Emerson) Anoplotermes sens. A Anoplotermes sens. lat. sp. sp. lat.3 ______________________________________________________________________________ -----------.Islands ---------------.Ref C H M Tr To LT ______________________________________________________________________________ KALOTERMITIDAE Calcaritermes nigriceps (Emerson) Calcaritermes temnocephalus (Silvestri) Comatermes perfectus (Hagen) Cryptotermes aequacornis (Scheffrahn & Krecek) Cryptotermes brevis (Walker) **Cryptotermes domesticus (Haviland) Cryptotermes dudleyi (Banks) Cryptotermes havilandi (Sjöstedt) Cryptotermes parvifrons (Scheffrahn & Krecek) Cryptotermes rhicnocephalus (Bacchus) Glyptotermes adamsoni (Krishna & Emerson) Glyptotermes parvoculatus (Krishna & Emerson) Incisitermes tabogae (Snyder) Incisitermes nr. B Anoplotermes sens. A Anoplotermes sens. lat. rhyzophorae Hernández *Neotermes castaneus (Burmeister) Neotermes holmgreni (Banks) **Neotermes jouteli (Banks) Neotermes n. B Anoplotermes sens. sp. sp. str. C Anoplotermes sens. sp. A Rugitermes sp. lat. str. sp. . is a junior synonym of C. sp.Ref C H M Tr To LT ______________________________________________________________________________ Anoplotermes sens. g. The name N.Islands ---------------. F Ruptitermes silvestrii (Emerson) TERMITIDAE: NASUTITERMITINAE Angularitermes nasutissimus (Emerson) Araujotermes parvellus (Silvestri) Armitermes holmgreni (Snyder) Atlantitermes snyderi (Emerson) Convexitermes manni (Emerson) Labiotermtes labralis (Holmgren) Nasutitermes acajutlae (Holmgren) Nasutitermes corniger (Motschulsky)f Nasutitermes ephratae (Holmgren) Nasutitermes gaigei (Emerson) Nasutitermes guayanae (Holmgren) Nasutitermes intermedius (Banks) *Nasutitermes nigriceps (Haldeman) Nasutitermes n. costalis (Holmgren). corniger (Scheffrahn et al. Thanks for Reginaldo Constantino for identifying this species. A very widespread species. sp. lat. 2005). E Anoplotermes sens. 22 12 1 17 1 6 17 1 2 + ++ + + + + ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ TERMITIDAE: TERMITINAE Cavitermes tuberosus (Emerson) + 1 Crepititermes verruculosus (Emerson) + 1 Microcerotermes arboreus (Emerson) + + ++ 1 Microcerotermes exiguus (Hagen) + 21 ++ ++ ++ ++ Microcerotermes indistinctus Mathewsg Neocapritermes angusticeps (Emerson) + 1 Orthognathotermes nr. sp. lat. 10 9 1 11 1 6. aduncus Emerson ++ Termes fatalis (Linnaeus) ++ + ++ ++ 17 Termes hispaniolae (Banks) ++ ++ ++ + + ++ 1 **Termes panamaensis (Snyder) + 2 ______________________________________________________________________________ f. Obtusitermes n. commonly used for the West Indian populations.4 ______________________________________________________________________________ -----------. Subulitermes baileyi (Emerson) ++ + + + + + + + + + + + + + ++ + + + ++ ++ ++ ++ 2. 16 2 9. Tropical Agriculture 14:141-49. Termites of the Neotropical Region.L. 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