Create account Log inSearch Read Edit View history More Article Talk History of the Telangana movement Coordinates: 17.99°N 79.59°E From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Donate to Wikipedia Wikipedia store Interaction Help About Wikipedia Community portal Recent changes Contact page Tools What links here Related changes Upload file Special pages Permanent link Page information Wikidata item Cite this page Print/export Create a book Download as PDF Printable version Languages Add links The history of the Telangana movement refers to the political and social conditions under which the Telangana region was merged with Andhra State to form the state of Andhra Pradesh and the subsequent demands to reverse the merger to form a new state of Telangana. Part of a series on Telangana movement Contents [hide] 1 Monarchy to Democracy 2 Merger of Hyderabad State and Andhra 3 1969 Telangana Agitation 4 See also 5 References 6 External links Monarchy to Democracy [edit] When India became independent from the British Empire in 1947, the Nizam of Hyderabad, a Muslim king, wanted Hyderabad State to remain independent under the special provisions given to princely states. The Hindus of the Hyderabad State who accounted for 93 per cent of its population, launched the `Join India' movement with the cooperation of a few patriotic Muslims for the integration of the State with the rest of the country. The State Indian National leaders and Arya Samaj leaders invoked themselves whole-heartedly in the movement. The peasants of the state, influenced by Communist party, had also revolted against the Nizam, who tried to suppress their armed struggle against landlords. Qasim Razvi led private Razakar Muslim army fighting for continuation of the Nizam's rule, did worst forms of atrocities on people.[1][2][3] The Government of India liberated and assimilated the Hyderabad State on 17 September 1948, in an operation by the Indian Army called Operation Polo. A Communist-led peasant revolt started in Telangana in 1946, which lasted until 1951. Hyderabad state included 9 Telugu speaking districts of Telangana, 4 Kannada districts in Gulbarga division & 4 Marathi speaking districts in Aurangabad division. Rangareddy district was carved out of Hyderabad district of Telangana in 1978. Now Telangana has 10 districts. The Central Government appointed a civil servant, M. K. Vellodi, as First Chief Minister of Hyderabad state on 26 January 1950. He administered the state with the help of bureaucrats from Madras state and Bombay state. In 1952, Dr. Burgula Ramakrishna Rao was elected Chief minister of Hyderabad State in the first democratic election. During this time there were violent agitations by some Telanganites to send back bureaucrats from Madras state, and to strictly implement 'Mulki-rules'(Local jobs for locals only), which was part of Hyderabad state law since 1919.[4] In 1952, Telugu-speaking people were distributed in about 22 districts, 9 of them in the former Nizam's dominions of the princely state of Hyderabad, 12 in the Madras Presidency (Andhra region), and one in French-controlled Yanam. Meanwhile, Telugu-speaking areas in the Andhra region were carved out of the erstwhile Madras state by leaders like Potti Sri Ramulu to create Andhra State in 1953, with Kurnool as its capital.[5][6][7] Telangana region marked in white within the state of Andhra Pradesh General History Pre-2004 2000's 2004-2010 Srikrishna committee 2010's 2011 Early 2011 Mid 2011 Late 2011 2012 v· t· e ''Italic text==1952 Non-Mulki Agitation== Main article: 1952 Non-Mulkhi Agitation The first time I see the new version is better to be the first half of the day before I get a follow back on my way home from work to be awesome. In 1952, there was a students agitation against non Mulkis (mulki meaning locals). The agitation arose after many jobs were taken by people from coastal Andhra. The popular slogans were Non-Mulki go back and Idli Sambar go back. During the protests seven students were killed in police firing.[4] '''Bold textItalic text Merger of Hyderabad State and Andhra [edit] In December 1953, the States Reorganization Commission was appointed to prepare for the creation of states on linguistic lines.[8] The commission, due to public demand, recommended disintegration of Hyderabad state and to merge Marathi speaking region with Bombay state and Kannada speaking region with Mysore state. Map of the Hyderabad State during 1909 The States Reorganisation Commission (SRC) was not in favour of an immediate merger of Telugu speaking Telangana region with Andhra state, despite their common language. Paragraph 382 of the States Reorganisation Commission Report (SRC) said "opinion in Andhra is overwhelmingly in favour of the larger unit; public opinion in Telangana has still to crystallize itself. Important leaders of public opinion in Andhra themselves seem to appreciate that the unification of Telangana with Andhra, though desirable, should be based on a voluntary and willing association of the people and that it is primarily for the people of Telangana to take a decision about their future". The people of Telangana had several concerns. The region had a less-developed economy than Andhra, but with a larger revenue base (mostly because it taxed rather than prohibited alcoholic beverages), which people of Telangana feared might be diverted for use in Andhra. They feared that planned irrigation projects on the Krishna and Godavari rivers would not benefit Telangana proportionately, even though people of Telangana controlled the headwaters of the rivers. It was feared that the people of Andhra, who had access to higher standards of education under the British rule, would have an unfair advantage in seeking government and educational jobs. The commission proposed that the Telangana region be constituted as a separate state with a provision for unification with Andhra state, after the 1961 general elections, if a resolution could be passed in the Telangana state assembly with a two-thirds majority. The Chief Minister of Hyderabad State, Burgula Ramakrishna Rao, expressed his view that a majority of Telangana people were against the merger.[9] He supported the Congress party's central leadership decision to merge Telangana and Andhra despite opposition in Telangana.[10] Andhra state assembly passed a resolution on 25 November 1955 to provide safeguards to Telangana. The resolution said, "Assembly would further like to assure the people in Telangana that the development of that area would be deemed to be special charge, and that certain priorities and special protection will be given for the improvement of that area, such as reservation in services and educational institutions on the basis of population and irrigational development."[11] Telangana leaders did not believe the safeguards would work.[12][13] Hyderabad state in 1956(in yellowish green). After reorganization in 1956, Regions of the state west of Red and Blue lines merged with Bombay and Mysore states respectively and rest of the state(Telangana) was merged with Andhra state to form Andhra Pradesh state Hyderabad Chief minister in his letter to Congress President said Communist parties supported the merger for their political calculations. Hyderabad PCC chief said overwhelming majority from Congress party opposed the merger and Communists were elected in special circumstances in 1951 and Visalandhra was not a political issue in 1951 and Assembly does not reflect people's view on this issue. He also said 80% of Congress delegates who were elected in 1955 opposed merger. Government had to provide the additional security for Communist leaders who supported the Visalandhra.[12] In Hyderabad assembly out of 174 MLAs On 3 December 1955, 147 MLAs expressed their view. 103 MLA's (including Marathi and Kannada MLAs) supported the merger, 16 MLAs maintained neutral stand and 29 opposed merger. Among Telangana MLAs, 25 Telangana MLAs disagreed with the merger, 59 Telangana MLAs supported the merger. Out of 94 Telangana MLAs in the assembly, 36 were Communists(PDF), 40 were Congress, 11 were Socialist party(SP), 9 were independents. Voting did not take place on the resolution because Telangana proponents insisted on to including the phrase "As per the wishes of people" in the resolution.[14][15] With lobbying from Andhra Congress leaders and with pressure from the Central leadership of Congress party, an agreement was reached between Telangana leaders and Andhra leaders on 20 February 1956 to merge Telangana and Andhra with promises to safeguard Telangana's interests.[16][17] This came to be known as the Gentlemen's agreement. The agreement allowed the formation of the state of Andhra Pradesh in 1956 itself, against the SRC's recommendations of waiting until 1961 to get the approval of 2/3 of Telangana state assembly after the 2 cycles of elections in Telangana state. Prime minister Jawaharlal Nehru initially was skeptical of merging Telangana with Andhra State, fearing a "tint of expansionist imperialism" in it.[18][19] He compared the merger to a matrimonial alliance having "provisions for divorce" if the partners in the alliance cannot get on well.[20][21][22] Following the Gentlemen's agreement, the central government established a unified Andhra Pradesh on November 1, 1956.[5][23][24] The agreement provided reassurances to Telangana in terms of power-sharing as well as administrative domicile rules and distribution of expenses of various regions. 1969 Telangana Agitation [edit] Main article: 1969 Telangana Agitation In 1969, Telangana agitation arose after students felt betrayed and ensuing battle with the government and the students, 369 students were killed in police firing. See also [edit] Telangana History Samaikyandhra Movement Vishalandhra Movement Telangana Movement References 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. [edit] ^ "AP history- Govt of AP" . Aponline.gov.in. Retrieved 2011-10-09. ^ "`Regional colour' to Hyderabad liberation movement decried" . Hindu.com. 2003-09-18. Retrieved 2011-10-09. ^ "Painful memories for erstwhile Hyderabad State" . Twocircles.net. Retrieved 2011-10-09. ^ a b "Mulki agitation in Hyderabad state" . Hinduonnet.com. Retrieved 2011-10-09. ^ a b "History and Culture – History-Post-Independence Era" . APonline. Archived from the original on 22 September 2010. Retrieved 2010-09-14. ^ "After Sriramulu, Andhra State" . Hindu.com. Retrieved 2011-10-09. ^ "Andhra State formed" . Hindu.com. Retrieved 2011-10-09. ^ "SRC submits report" . Hindu.com. Retrieved 2011-10-09. ^ Hyderabad CM's Views on merger ^ "Pro-Telangana crowd mob Andhra ex-minister at airport; Hyderabad CM appeal to people: Abide by High command decision - Page 8 of Nov 16, 1955 Indian Express" . News.google.com. 1955-11-16. Retrieved 2011-10-09. converted by W eb2PDFConvert.com 1956-02-01. 15.com. 1955 Indian Express" . 20. Election Commission.High command advise. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation. ^ "Reorganisation. 12. News. ^ Nehru compares the Andhra Telangana merger to Matrimonial alliance. Retrieved 2011-10-09. 13. 1955-11-16. ^ "Telangana Leaders must Adhere to Delhi Resolution . 1956-02-21. News. ^ "Nehru compares merger with Matrimonial alliance with provision for divorce" . 1955-11-21. Andhra Prabha dated 5 December 1955. Frontlineonnet. a non-profit organization. 1955 Indian Express" . News. ^ "STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION. 1953" . Retrieved 2011-10-09. News. ^ "SRC sub committee said no decision on Visalandhra taken. News. Special safeguards for Telangana. News.Published by Telangana Development Forum Preceded by Indian Independence Telangana movement 1952–1968 Succeeded by 1969-2003 Telangana protests Categories: Reorganisation of Indian states Telangana movement This page was last modified on 13 August 2015. Claims Chenna Reddi . you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy.com. Page 5 of Andhra Patrika Nov 3. 1956 External links [edit] Telanaga movement article in US Library of Congress Official history of AP on AP government website Video (30 minutes): Still Seeking Justice .Page 1 of Feb 1. Retrieved 2011-10-09. By using this site.Page 1 of Feb 21. Retrieved 15 August 2013.google.page8 of Indian express Oct 2. 1953-10-02. 16. Retrieved 2011-10-09. 18. at 22:08.com.com. 1955 Indian Express" . 19. 1955-11-26.google. 22.google. additional terms may apply. Retrieved 2011-10-09. ^ a b "No belief in Safeguards: Hyderabad PCC chief. ^ "New Telugu state to be called Hyderabad. 11.Plea for Telangana .com . Inc.com.page8 of Indian express Oct 2.Page 4 of Nov 21..google.google. 14.com.google. then and now" . ^ "Page 1 of the edition December 5. 1953" .10. Regional council for Telangana. Privacy policy About Wikipedia Disclaimers Contact Wikipedia Developers Mobile view converted by W eb2PDFConvert..com. Retrieved 2011-10-09. Retrieved 2011-10-09. Retrieved 2011-10-09.google. ^ "Pro-Telangana crowd mob Andhra ex-minister at airport.A documentary on Telangana Some research papers by Telangana proponents State reorganization committee reports at Wikisource How SKC Report tried to suppress truth and deceive Telangana . . 17. News.Page 7 of Nov 27. 21. Retrieved 15 August 2013. Retrieved 2011-10-09. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.Page 8 of Nov 16. 1956 Indian Express" . Hyderabad CM appeal to people: Abide by High command decision . 1955-11-27. High command has open mind. ^ "Visalandhra demand was bearing a taint of "expansive imperialism": Nehru . ^ "Vishandhra here and now.Page 5 of Nov 26. 1955" . -Govt motion in Andhra Assembly . 1951 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF HYDERABAD" (PDF). . 1955 Indian Express" . 1956 Indian Express" .com. Retrieved 2011-10-09. ^ "Visalandhra demand was bearing a taint of "expansive imperialism": Nehru .