Tabulation of Data Definition According to Secrist. Classification is the process of arranging data into sequences and group according to their common characteristics or separating them into different but related parts.Neiswanger. • It also facilitates analysis. • It facilitates comparisons . . Tabulation is the process of presenting data in tables. A statistical table is a systematic organization of data in columns and rows. a systematic presentation of numerical data in column and rows in accordance with some salient features or characteristics. In the words of Prof.Meaning • By tabulation we mean. To clarify the characteristics of data . To depict trend and tendencies of the problem under consideration. 7.Objectives of Tabulation The main objectives of tabulation are: 1.To help reference. 6.To facilitate comparison. 4. To detect errors and omission in the data. 5. 8.To simplify complex data. 3. 2.To present facts in the minimum of space. .To clarify the object of investigation. because in tabulation the classified data are placed in columns and rows. . then they are presented in tables . Tabulation is a mechanical function of classification . First the data are classified. the collected data are summarized and put in a systematic order. 3. Both classification and tabulation are important for statistical investigation. classification is the basis for tabulation.Distinction Between Classification and Tabulation Classification and tabulation are important processes in statistical investigation. tabulation is a process of presenting data in suitable structure. 1. Classification is a process of statistical analysis . 2. Through these processes. Structure of a Table Number Title (Head Note If any) Stub Heading Caption Heading Col.Heading Col . Heading Stub Entries BODY Total Col. Heading Total . Table Number 2.Parts of Tabulation A good statistical table is an art.Body of the Table 7.Foot.Source Note .Head Note 4.Stubs 6. The following parts must be present in all tables.Note 8. 1.Caption 5.Title 3. Title of the table. It must describe the contents of the table.A table should always be numbered for identification and reference in the future. .Each table should be given a suitable title. It must be written on the top of table. Each column should also be numbered as shown in the illustration.1. Table Number. It must explain • What the data are • Where the data are • Time or period of data • How the data are classified etc. 2. such as in millions or in crores. The arrangement in the body is generally from left to right in rows and from top to bottom in columns. for example the unit of measurement is written as ahead note . given below the title and enclosed in brackets.It contains the numerical information.These are the headings or designation for the horizontal rows. .Stubs. 6. 4. Stubs are wider than columns.3.It is a statement . It is the most important part of the table. 5.Captions – These are headings for the vertical columns.Body of the table. They have main heading and sub-headings and must be written in small letters.Head Note. 8.Source-note – It refers to the source from where information has been taken.Foot. It is useful to the reader to check the figures and gather additional information.If any explanation or elaboration regarding any item is necessary . .Note. foot notes should be given.7. 6. • They are alphabetical . in metres . for example.Figures may be rounded off to avoid unnecessary details on the table.chronological.It should suit the purpose of the investigation. There are many types.General Rules for Tabulation 1. height .The captions and stubs in the tables should be arranged in a systematic manner. It should not be overloaded with details. 4. weight in kilograms etc.The table should be simple and compact. conventional etc.Suitable approximation may be adopted. 3. It must be easy to read the important items. 2. geographical .The unit of measurements should be clearly defined and given in the tables. But a foot note must be given to this effect. 5. . 7.Proper lettering will help to adjust the size of the table. 11. A table should be complete and self explanatory. A table should be attractive to draw the attention of readers. 12. . Abbreviations should be avoided. 8. A miscellaneous column should be added to include unimportant items. it should be accurate and free from all sorts of errors. it will lose its simplicity and understandability and in such a case break it into two or three tables. As it forms a basis for statistical analysis. 13.If it is a big table. 10. 14. 9.Do not use ditto marks that may be mistaken. . A complex table can be classified into twofold .Types of Tables Statistical tables can be classified into a number of ways There are many categories depending upon : 1. 2.The basis of coverage which can be further classified into simple table and complex table. 3. This can be further classified into general purpose table or reference.The basis of objective or purpose. which can further be classified into original or primary table and derived or derived table.The basis of nature of enquiry. threefold or manifold table. table and special purpose table or summary table. In a complex table two or more characteristics are shown. then such a table is called two-way table.On the basis of coverage Simple and Complex. It is termed as one way or single table and it takes form of frequency table. Two – way Table – If the caption or stub is classified into two characteristics and if it gives information of two interrelated questions. Simple Table – The data are classified according to only one characteristics. It is more popular.In a simple table the data are classified according to only one characteristic.1. . because it helps appropriate consideration of all related facts. . A large number of interrelated problems or characteristics are represented in the same table.for example.In this type of table three characteristics are shown and It gives information regarding three interrelated characteristics of a phenomenon . for example. the distribution of students in a college according to faculty . for example . class sex and residence.Three – way table. . and usually in chronological order.On the Basis of Originality ( Purpose) General purpose table • It is also known as informative table and provides information for general use. Govt. • These are used by research workers and statisticians. agencies prepare this type of tables. • The detailed table in the census reports are of this kind. These are placed in the appendix of a report for reference. .2. It contains actual and absolute figures.On the Basis of Originality. Both primary and derived tables are generally used in practice. coefficient of correlation etc. percentages . averages . 3. It presents totals . dispersion . Ratios .The statistical table may be classified into (1) Primary Table (2) Derived Table In Primary table (original) the statistical forms are expressed in original. figures and results are derived from the primary data. In a Derived table. Percentages etc are used to facilitate comparison. It presents the data relating to a particular or a special purpose.Special Purpose table – It is also called a summary table or text table or analytical table or derivative table.ratios . .