Syllabus in ACBR

Syllabus(Revised on 29-6-2009) M.Sc. in Biomedical Sciences (Four Semester Course) Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research University of Delhi, Delhi-110 007 Master of Science Biomedical Science TWO YEAR FULL TIME PROGRAMME Rules, Regulations and Course Contents Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research (Faculty of Science) University of Delhi Delhi-110 007 University of Delhi Examination Branch Date: Course: 30th June, 2009 M.Sc. in Biomedical Science Check List of New Course Evaluation for AC Consideration S.No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Parameters Affiliation Programme Structure Codification of Papers Scheme of Examinations Pass Percentage Promotion Criteria Division Criteria Span Period Attendance Requirements Course content for each paper along with reading list Status 2 MASTER OF SCIENCE (Biomedical Science) TWO YEAR FULL TIME PROGRAMME AFFILIATION The proposed programme shall be governed by the Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Science, University of Delhi, Delhi-110 007. PROGRAMME STRUCTURE The M.Sc. Programme is divided into two parts as under, each part will consist of two Semester as given below. Part I Part II First Year Second Year Semester – Odd Semester – I Semester – III Semester-Even Semester – II Semester – IV Each semester would consist of five papers and one practical through Semester I and II (Part I) and semester III. Semester IV (Part II) would comprise of Optional Papers from which each student has to select two papers and undertake Dissertation work. Selection of papers in Semester IV would be based on merit (performance in the Part I Examinations), choice and other specific guidelines as outlined below. It is mandatory for each student to complete a Dissertation, assigned at the end of 2nd Semester and complete at the end of 4th Semester. It would comprise of bench work. The schedule of papers prescribed for various semesters shall be as follows: CLASSIFICATION OF PAPERS Part I: Semester – I S.No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Code MBS 101 MBS 102 MBS 103 MBS 104 MBS 105 MBS 106 Subject Organic Chemistry-I Biochemistry Cell Biology Medical Microbiology Genetics Practicals Total Maximum Marks 100 100 100 100 100 100 600 Credits 4 4 4 4 4 4 24 Part I: Semester – II S.No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Code MBS 201 MBS 202 MBS 203 MBS 204 MBS 205 MBS 206 Subject Organic Chemistry-II Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Application of Statistics & Mathematics for Biology Immunology Human Physiology-I Practicals Total Maximum Marks 100 100 100 100 100 100 600 Credits 4 4 4 4 4 4 24 3 Part II: Semester – III S.No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Code MBS 301 MBS 302 MBS 303 MBS 304 MBS 305 MBS 306 Subject Human Physiology-II Principles of Medicinal Chemistry Analytical and Biomedical Techniques & Instrumentation Molecular Oncology Toxicology & Pharmacology Practicals Total Maximum Marks 100 100 100 100 100 100 600 Credits 4 4 4 4 4 4 24 Part II: Semester – IV 1 2 3 MBS 401 MBS 402 MBS Dissertation Genome Biology (Compulsory) Special Paper I (Optional) Total 400 100 100 600 16 4 4 24 Special Papers* being offered (based on choice cum merit basis) 1 2 3 4 5 6 MBS 403 MBS 404 MBS 405 MBS 406 MBS 407 MBS 408 Concepts in drug discovery and mechanism Advanced Medicinal Chemistry Radiation Biology Topics in Clinical Research Advanced Toxicology & Pharmacology Advanced Immunology Interdisciplinary Interdisciplinary Interdisciplinary Interdisciplinary Chemistry Chemistry Zoology Zoology SCHEME OF EXAMINATION 1. 2. 3. English shall be the medium of instruction and examination. Examinations shall be conducted at the end of each semester as per the Academic Calendar notified by the University of Delhi. Each course will carry 100 marks and will have two components: Internal assessment (25 marks) and end of semester examination (75 marks) Theory i. a. b. ii. Internal Assessment Attendance Test / Assignments End of semester examination 30 marks 05 marks 25 marks 70 marks 100 marks End Semester Examination (Practicals) 4 provided she/he has passed at least three out of the five theory examinations of the current semester. However. There shall not be any repeat/improvement allowed for practical examination. Within the same part. assignments and tests in the theory component (20 marks). Regular as well as Ex-students shall be permitted to appear / re-appear / improve in courses of Odd Semesters only at the end of Odd Semesters and courses of Even-Semesters only at the end of Even Semesters. Examinations for courses shall be conducted only in the respective odd and even Semester as per the Scheme of Examinations. student seminar.2.1 4.1 The system of evaluation shall be as follows: Internal assessment will be broadly based on attendance in theory (5 marks).4. 4. she/he will have to clear the remaining papers while studying in Part-II of the programme. written assignments. PROMOTION CRITERIA Semester to Semester: Students shall be required to fulfill the Part to part Promotion Criteria. students shall be promoted from a semester to the next semester. The scheme of evaluation for dissertation shall be as follows: 4. in-class examination during the duration of the dissertation (100 marks). These criteria are tentative and could be modified by the faculty members associated with teaching of a paper based on guidelines approved by the academic council. However passing in practical is mandatory for promotion from one semester to next.2 Dissertation will formally begin from end of Semester II and will consist of bench work. Part I to Part II: Admission to Part II of the programme shall be open to only those students who have successfully passed at least 6 theory papers out of papers offered for the Part I courses comprising of Semester-I and Semester-II taken together and two practical papers. However. PASS PERCENTAGE Minimum marks for passing the examination in each semester shall be 40% in each paper and 45% in aggregate of a semester. 4. Dissertation work will consist of internal evaluation by the concerned supervisor based on general performance.2. a candidate who has secured the minimum marks to pass in each paper but has not secured the minimum marks to pass in aggregate may reappear in any of the paper/s of his choice in the concerned semester in order to be able to secure the minimum marks prescribed to pass the semester in aggregate. No student would be allowed to avail of more than two chances to pass a paper inclusive of the first attempt. 5 . Project work (200 marks) and viva-voce (100 marks) the last two being evaluated by a board comprising of all teachers in the Department and /or external experts.2 5. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research may permit a student to the next Semester who falls short of the required percentage of attendance by not more than 10% of the lectures and seminars conducted during the Semester.99% QUALIFYING PAPERS None SPAN PERIOD No students shall be admitted as a candidate for the examination for any of the Parts/Semesters after the lapse of four years from the date of admission to the Part-I/Semester-I of the M. to have attended 75% of the total number of lectures and seminars conducted in each semester. in Biomedical Programme. the Head/Director. : : : I Division II Division Pass 6 . Provided that he/she fulfils other conditions. LIST OF READINGS The latest editions of each book will be referred to the class. ATTENDANCE REQUIREMENT No student shall be considered to have pursued a regular course of study unless he/she is certified by the Head /Director of the Dr.R.DIVISION CRITERIA Successful candidates will be classified on the basis of combined results of Part-I and Part-II examinations as follows: Candidates securing 60% and above Candidates securing between 50% and 59. List is enclosed at the end of each paper. B. University of Delhi. B. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research.99% All others between 40-49.R.Sc. COURSE CONTENT FOR EACH COURSE Is Enclosed. during his/her course of study. Dr. aromatic and Nucleophilic substitution (with appropriate examples. synthesis and reactivity of the following heterocycles and their significance in biology and drugs and materials: furan.3 dibromomutane. indole pyridine. Organic chemistry by Thomas N. elimination and addition reactions. Springer. Aromaticity. thiazole. Carey and Richard J. Ed. Organic chemistry by T. imidazole. Ed. thiophene. carbazole. enantiotopic and diastereotopic faces. 2007. Wiley-VCH. 2007. Wiley-Interscience. quinoline and isoquinoline. Cyclohexane diols. 2007 7 . radical cations and radical anions. oxazole. Woodward Hoffman rules and photocyclization. Ed. pyrrole. carbanions. Prentice Hall of India. University Sceince Books. mechanisms and structure by Jerry March and Michael B. Sundberg. 2005 Organic chemistry by Robert Thorton Morrison and Robert Neilson Boyd. 5th. Heterocyclic Chemistry Structure. Elementary treatment of symmetric elements. 2008. Graham Solomons and Craig B. Ester formation and ester hydrolysis.2nd. Sorrell. pteridine. Asymmetric synthesis: the essentials by Mathias Christmann and Stefan Brase. 6th. endo and exo faces.6th. phenothiazine. Chiral synthesis (with suitable examples) asymmetric epoxidation. Absolute and relative configuration. carbenes. stereoselective and stereospecific reactions. prochirality. Regioselective. Confirmation of 2. acridine. oxidation and reduction. r and s notation. Wiley. Free Radicals their stability and applications to biological systems.diastereomer). Ed. Smith. Chirality. azepine. Ed. Advanced organic chemistry: Part A: structure and mechanisms by Francis A. thiazine. W. purines and pyrimidines Reading List 1 2 3 4 5 6 March’s advanced organic chemistry: reactions. enantioselective. 2002. Mechanism and stereochemistry of following reactions Substitution. Asymmetric synthesis Cram and Prelog rule. benzynes. Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds The definition of the following terms with suitable examples. New Delhi. their generations and reactions exemplified with suitable case study leading to C-C bond formation.MBS 101: Organic Chemistry – I Reactive Intermediates in Organic Reactions Carbocations. E & z notations. epimer. 9th. Fryhle. (enantiomer. semiconservative hypothesis. effect of pH. disulphide bond etc. glycosylation.by antibiotics. Translation in eukaryotes – recent concept in initiation and termination. Methods of protein sequencing. heat. Elongation factors. acetylation. comparison with prokaryotic system. Structure & function of RNA polymerases. Mechanism of DNA Replication: Structure and function of DNA polymerases. Ramachandran plot. replication of viruses and eukaryotes. elongation and termination. equilibrium constant Km. electrofocussing affinity chromatography. Ribozymes–Structure and mechanism of action. Murray and Daryl K. protein degradation.MBS 102: BIOCHEMISTRY Structure Of Protein Secondary and tertiary structure of protein: a helix. Problems on enzyme kinetics: Determination of active sites and turnover number. Enzyme Kinetics: Substrate. DNA replication and its regulation Concept of origin of replication. holoenzyme. role of 30s and 50s ribosomal subunits. enhancers. uncompetitive) and their effects on Km and Vmax. factors effecting secondary and tertiary structure (disulphide bonds. Post-transcritional modifications. gyrase. Post translation modification – Methylation. Transcription initiation. phosphorylation. Transcription in eukaryotes–Structure of TFIID. PMSF and other inhibitors. Examples of some common structural motifs in proteins. heat. binding of oxygen and its release. Reading List 1 Harper’s biochemistry by Robert K. Ed. Granner and Peter A. initiation of replication. and other transcription factors. general concept of regulation of transcription (in brief). Translation Translation in Prokaryotes-initiation: activation of amino acid. organic solvents. Separation techniques for proteins: Ion exchange chromatography.coli. McGraw-Hill. regulation of protein synthesis. Allosteric enzymes: Models to explain their kinetic behaviour. addition of prosthatic groups. active site. DNA Repair RNA Synthesis Transcription in prokaryotes using E-coli as an example. detergents). Inhibition of protein sunthesis . Mayes and Victor W. Vmax. oxygen saturation curves. 8 . specificity. Structure and function of hemoglobin: Conformational studies. proteolytic processing. dialysis. initiation factors) shine-dalgarno sequences. elongation and termination of DNA synthesis. definition of coenzyme. silencers. 2000. Michaelis-Menten equation. Regulation of enzyme activity: Reversible and irreversible inhibition (non-competitive. Disorder of Amino Acid and protein metabolism Enzymology Introduction: General characteristics of enzymes. 25th. examples of proteins. Reaction Mechanism: Acid-base catalysis and colvalent catalysis (giving examples). polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (determination of subunits and molecular weight). classification. molecular sieving. Rodwell. activation energy. prosthetic groups. ß sheets. insulators. release factors. transition state. Role of helicase. primase. topoisomerase and other proteins in DNA replication in E. peptidyl transferase termination signal. 1999. W. Wiley. Biochemistry by Christopher K. Lehninger principles of biochemistry by David L. Freeman. 9 . Wiley-Liss. Cox. 2004. 3rd.H. Biochemistry by Jeremy M. 2008.H. Textbook of biochemistry with clinical correlations by Thomas M. Voet.6th. Ahern. Freeman. 6th. Ed. 5th. 2008. Tymoczko and Lubert-Stryer. Ed. Nelson and Michael M. Ed. 2005. Devlin. van Holde and Kevin G. 3rd. Ed. Mathews and Kensal E. W.2 3 4 5 6 Biochemistry by Donald Voet and Judith G. Ed. Prentice Hall. Berg and John L. Proapoptotic and Antiapoptotic proteins and mechanism of action Autophagy. Hausman. Cell biology by Thomas D. Organelles of eukaryotic cells – Introduction basic structure and function of various organelles. Pollard and William C. topoisomerases and telomerase and their functions in chromatin structure. Eukaryotic Cell Cycle Cell cycle and its control: Loss of cell regulation by viral infection. G-protein mediated signaling. 5th. W H Freeman and Company. Cell to Cell Signaling Cell surface receptors. Garland Science. 2008. lipid and protein composition and their basic functions Transport of molecules across membranes. The Cytoskeleton Cytoskeleton proteins. hairpins and cruciform. mitochondria endosomes. Post translational modifications in stress response. Molecular biology of the cell: the problem book by John Wilson and Tim Hunt. Garland Science. Earnshaw. Cell motility and shape. Passive and active transport across membranes. Cell matrix interaction.MBS 103: CELL BIOLOGY Biomembranes: Basic structure. 2008. Cell death mechanisms in health and diseases. Yeast artificial chromosome. Ed. Integrins. receptors tyrosine kinases. ABC pumps of bacteria. eukaryotic chromosome. golgi bodies. ion chanells. 10 . New York. Ed.Muscle & Nerve Cells. Chris A. 2. Ed. camp. 3. 2nd. checkpoints in cell cycle regulation. Ed. 5. Molecular cell biology by Harvey Lodish and Arnold Berk. Alberts and Alexander Johnson and Julian Lewis. Microfilaments and actin filaments ECM Proteins and Cell Adhesion Cell-cell interaction. 4. General responses to hyperthermia nutritional deprivation and other stressors. 6th. 2008. Adhesion proteins. triple helix. Nucleus and Chromosome Structure Introduction: Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic genome and its organization. lysosomes etc. Molecular biology of the cell by Bruce. and Martin Raff. Ed. Cell junctions. Z-DNA. and Monty Krieger. Necrosis. protein sorting. Basic structure of DNA. Senescence. Cooper and Robert E. 4th. Transport of proteins. second messengers. Reading List 1. 5th. ER. Cell death Apoptosis. Factors regulating them. nonhistone proteins. Kaiser. Cell: molecular approach by Geoffrey M. 2008. 2007. Saunders. Functional role of adhesion proteins. chloroplasts. separation and visualization methods of various cell organelles. Cell Differentiation Cellular Stress Response Stress response proteins and pathways. DNA Supercoiling: Histones. ASM Press. 1999. A Hodder Arnold Publication. 6th. herpes. Human diseases caused by bacteria in the following: Respiratory tract infections. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Prescott and John P. picornaviruses. clinical features. Clinical Virology The structure. Common parasitic disease: Trypanosomiasis. Urinary tract infections. Histoplasmosis. Harley and Donald Klein. 6-Volume Set. Immunology and immunopathology of parasitic infections. 17th Ed. 11 . Reading List 1 2 3 4 5 6 Microbiology by Lansing M. immunity. Coccidiomycosis. Slack and John F. nomenclature and identification of bacteria. Ed. Peuthere. B. 2007. Normal human flora. effect of virus infection on the host cell. Malaria. Viral multiplication cycle. Ed. cytopathic effects. arboviruses. McGraw-Hill Science. Medical Mycology Classification. laboratory diagnosis and control by David Greenwood and Richard C. Pathogenesis and virulence factors of bacteria. Delmar Publishers. Cryptococcosis. inhibition of host cell cytopathic effects. components and classification of viruses. Phycomycosis. Color ATLAS and textbook of diagnostic microbiology by Elmer W Koneman and Stephen D Allen and William M Janda and Paul C Schreckenberger and Washington C Winn. Genetics of animal viruses. changes in regulation of gene expression. Topley and Wilson's Microbiology and Microbial Infections by Leslie Collier and Albert Balows and Max Sussman. diagnosis. Helminths. Epidemiology of parasitic infections. Candidiasis. Churchill Livingstone. Taxonomy. ed. Epidemiology of bacterial diseases. Genital tract infections.MBS 104 : MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY Bacteriology Introduction. Gastrointestinal tract infections. Blood stream and CNS infections. Control of parasites and parasitic infections. adenoviruses. Blastomycosis. Organization and ultrastructure of micro-organisms and various antibiotics. Cellular organization of parasitic protozoa. Ed. Reproduction and growth. Medical microbiology: a guide to microbial infections: pathogenesis. 6th. History. myxoviruses. 2005. 2000. Brooks and Karen C. Leishmaniasis. McGraw-Hill Medical. 24th. Opportunistic parasitic infections. Parasitology Classification of parasitic protozoa. treatment and prevention of small pox. Essentials of diagnostic microbiology by Lisa Anne Shimeld and Anne T. Ed. inhibition of host macromolecular biosynthesis. Carroll and Janet Butel and Stephen Morse. Antimicrobial used in clinical practical. 2004. epidemiology. Medical Microbiology by Geo. 9th. 2007. Rodgers. Types of mutations i. Mating type switching in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. maize and co-linearity of genes on chromosomes. Mendelian Genetics Mendelian Laws of inheritance. histone modification marks. Sex determination in Drosophila and humans Chromosomal basis to genetic basis. point mutations. Genetic control mechanisms and generation of cellular asymmetry The lambda phage control of lytic and lysogenic phase. Gene mapping using Drosophila as an example. understanding molecular basis of epigenetic inheritance. RFLP markers. Gene mapping using special systems. Non-disjunction in Drosophila and its role in deciphering chromosomal basis of inheritance. multiple alleles. Deviations from Mendelian Genetics I Codominance. deletions. Extra chromosomal inheritance. gene interactions. genetic basis of axis determination. rearrangements. Genetic Variation Transposition and its application in genetic studies. dynamic mutations (repeat expansions) with appropriate examples. human genetic disorders related to mitochondrial inheritance. 12 .MBS 105: GENETICS SECTION A Introduction to the Science of Genetics Genetic terminology Impact of Genetics on other disciplines. Prader Willi and Angelmen syndrome. crossing over. fine structure of rII region. molecular basis of regulatory mechanisms in phage lambda. X inactivation and its molecular basis in humans. analysis of by various methods. Mutation mapping suing balancers. genetic map construction in E. statistical methods. Introduction to developmental genetics Early embryonic development in Drosophila. experiments demonstrating physical basis of recombination. Mutation and mutational analysis Spontaneous occurrence of mutations in bacteria Lederberg and Lederberg experiment. genetics of dosage compensation in Drosophila. yeast and Neurospora. chloroplast and mitochondrial inheritance. regulatory cascade in development in Drosophila.e. Deviations from Mendelian Genetics II Genomic imprinting in mice. Phage genetics. Linkage as a deviation from Mendelian Genetics Recombination. Bacterial genetics Transformation. Maternal inheritance. Analysis of patterns of inheritance. Conjugation. human disorders related to imprinting. Clb technique in Drosophila. Chromosomal anomalies. Molecular basis of Epigenetic regulation in H19 and Igf2 region. work of Seymour Benzer. mitochondrial mutations in yeast.coli. its application in animal Genetics. Position effect variegation. insertions. Punnett square. results of Genetic crosses Chromosomal basis of inheritance and data analysis Sex chromosomes in grasshopper. Homeotic genes. incomplete dominance. Lewontin. Simmons and D.Introduction to human Genetics Pedigree analysis and basic inheritance patterns in humans. 5. Gillbert.F. 6. Introduction to genetic analysis by Anthony J. Griffiths and Susan R. Freeman. inbreeding and its consequences. Duffy blood groups. SECTION B POPULATION GENETICS Definition. 2006. Ed. thalassemia and haptoglobins. 3. aim and scope of population genetics. Richard C. 2006. Wessler. gene flow.2008. Non-random mating. Freeman.8th.5th. gene pool. Lewontin and Sean B. Human polymorphism (transient and balanced). H. Reading List 1. admixture and natural selection. John Wiley.9th. W. David T. models to study genetic effects of migration. Jones and Bartlett Publishers. types of migration. 4. factors maintaining population boundaries. Ed. calculation of admixture. 13 . Ed.F. The Hardy-Weinberg Law and its application. An Introduction to Genetic Analysis by Anthony J. William M.8th. Principles of genetics by Eldon John Gardner and Michael J. Ed. 2004. Simmons. population structure.9th. 2. Developmental biology by Scott F. H. Gelbart. W. relationship between sickle cell polymorphism and malaria. Migration and Genetics. X linked polymorphism (G6PD and colour blindness). effects of gene flow. Miller. Principles of genetics by D. Sinauer Associates. John Wiley & Sons Ltd. G6PD deficiency. effective breeding size. Incompatibility Selection. Peter Snustad and Michael J. Peter Snustad Ed. Griffiths. Suzuki and Jeffrey H. factors affecting the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Genes by Benjamin Lewin. Susan R. Wessler and Richard C. Carroll. 2005. 2008. other ploymorphisms that may be an adaptation to malaria eg. Carruthers and Iain Coldham. cyanocobalamine and cytochrome P-450. William H. 2008. FMN and FAD. Organic and Biochemistry by Frederick A. Organic chemistry by Thomas N. Ed. protein degradation and sequencing of amino acids. Organic chemistry by T. Shawn O. applications of supramolecular principles to molecular diagnosis. Ed. Carey and Richard J. Cambridge University Press. Springer. R.6th. NAD+ and NADPH. nucleosides and nucleotides. Brown. 2007. phase transfer catalysis. Wiley. Mechanism of Enzymes. Inhibitors. tetrahydrofolate. Sundberg. maltose. mechanisms and structure by Jerry March and Michael B. neuraminic and muramic acids. 9th. Mary K. conformation and configuration of 5-carbon and 6-carbon sugars. Ed. glucosylamine. S. Michael addition. Mechanism of coenzyme catalysis: Coenzyme A. Fryhle. Polymer supported organic reactions.9th. Formation of Peptide Bonds. lipoic acid. Umpolung reaction. biotin. 14 . ascorbic acid.glycosides. 2005.1st. Wiley-VCH. Advanced organic chemistry: Part A: structure and mechanisms by Francis A. Ed. Reading List 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 March’s advanced organic chemistry: reactions. Ed. phosphodiesters. 2009. Kumar. reaction media on certain reactions. nitrogen. Ed. 4th. sucrose and lactose. Introduction to General. 2005 Organic chemistry by Robert Thorton Morrison and Robert Neilson Boyd. 6th. Bettelheim. aldol and retroaldol reactions. Smith. 5th. peptides and Proteins structure and Functions. New Delhi. Prentice Hall of India. Ed. Farrell. 2002. 2006. schiff bases and enamine reactions. Brooks Cole.and C. formation of N. Wiley-Interscience. Campbell.DNA and RNA bases. Sorrell. Biological and Pharmaceutical Nanomaterials: Nanotechnologies for the Life Sciences by Challa S. phosphorous and sulfur ylides. TPP. Hammett and Taft Equation Steric and Solvent effects Role of pH. Ed. Activation and Protecting groups and peptide bond formation. Synthetic strategies for artificial systems that mimic biological entities. 2007 Modern methods of organic synthesis by W. University Sceince Books. W. Nanotechnology and its applications in drug delivery and the potential for synthetic peptides to form antibiotic tubes Mechanisms in Biological Chemistry Active methylene groups. therapeutic applications of supramolecular chemistry.2nd. Synthetic macromolecules and Polymers in Biology Building of macromolecules and molecular frameworks and their biomedical applications. Graham Solomons and Craig B. London. EC number.MBS-201: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY-II Bio-organic Chemistry Aminoacids. pyridoxal. Equivalence of these reactions in biological systems Enzyme systems Enzyme classifications. Application of recombinant DNA technology: DNA fingerprinting. prokaryotic and eukaryotic cloning vectors. lambda repressor. Regulation of Gene expression in Eukaryotes Introduction-Organization of genes in eukaryotic DNA. hormones and protein-protein interactions. real time PCR. Reading List 1 2 3 Gene VIII by Benjamin Lewin Ed. mung bean nuclease etc. Repetitive DNA sequences. RT-PCR. insertional inactivation. with example of inducible systems like Lac– Operon. CHRAC. methods of sequencing of DNA. acetylation. Cooper. Vectors .blue white selection. repressor complexes.6th. YAC & BAC. and Monty Krieger.cloning and expression vectors. W H Freeman and Company. Molecular cell biology by Harvey Lodish and Arnold Berk. diagnostics. enhancers. Activators. Chris A. Oxford. Application and principles of Polymerase Chain Reaction. Recombinant DNA technology and Biotechnology Types of Restriction endonucleases and how to make restriction maps. 2004 15 . Ed. Kaiser. ACF. Ed. Chromatin remodeling Role of various remodeling proteins such as NURF.7th. SWI-SNF and locus control regions in gene regulation. RFLP analysis. Arabinose operon and repressible systems like Trp operon. Role of repressors and activators of transcription in regulation of phage-lytic and lysogeic pathways. gene therapy. Methods used to study protein-protein interactions (yeast two hybrid and co-Immunoprecipitation) and protein-DNA interactions (EMSA and DNA footprinting) Diseases linked with gene expression. ASM Press. mechanism of their function in gene regulation. Mutagenesis – different methods used to generate mutants (deletion and point mutations). 2008.3rd.MBS 202: MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY Regulation of gene expression in Prokaryotes Coordinated control of clustered genes-operon model. Bio-safety and ethics for recombinant DNA technology. polynuceotide kinase. their function and mechanism of action in regulating cell growth and development (using P53 and Ras protein as example). Post transcriptional regulation of transcription regulators by methylation. 2008 Cell: a molecular approach by Geoffrey M. antibiotic markers used in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cloning. shuttle vectors. yeast vectors. Role of cyclic AMP. Oncogenes Retroviral and cellular oncogenes. Principles of selection of specific cloned DNA . Modular structure of transactivators. Other enzymes used in genetic engineering such as S1 nuclease. New York. Detection and identification of cloned DNA sequences. Bio-Mathematics Functions. Introductory statistics by Prem S. S. Rank correlation) and Regression analysis.7th. 2002. Pearson. Binomial and normal distribution . Biostatistics: a manual of statistical methods for use in health. Differential Equations. Nagar and R. Britton. Matrices and determinants. 8th Ed. 2003. Springer.. Correlation (Karl Passions. Ed. application of differential equations of Biochemistry. median. 2nd Ed. differentiation and integration. K. characteristic roots and characteristic equations. 2005.. Visweswara Rao.MBS 203: APPLICATION OF STATISTICS AND MATHEMATICS FOR BIOLOGY Bio-Statistics Introduction to Mean. Chand & Co Ltd. Jaypee Borthers. coefficient of variation. mean deviation. Limits and continuity. separable variables. 1996. Biostatistics: a foundation for analysis in the health sciences by Wayne W. 30th. Reading List 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Basic statistics by A. Methods of Sampling of biological data and analysis using ‘t’ and ‘Z’ and ‘F’ tests of significance for small and large samples. Maxima & Minima and their use in biological problems. Caley Hamilton theorem. nutrition and anthropology by K. Co-efficient of correlation. Ed. mode. John E. taking suitable examples from biological data. Standard deviation. Ed. 2006. John Wiley.. Regression equations. Probability: Theorems on probability. Oxford. Das. 16 . L. Daniel. homogeneous.1st. exact and linear equations of second order. Essential Mathematical Biology by Nicholas F. John Wiley. Mann. 5th Ed. 2004. 2005. Differential Calculus by Shanti Narayan . Freund’s mathematical statistics with application by Irwin Miller and Marylees Miller. Structure and function of various adhesion Molecules. Antibody Effector Mechanism. Enhanced Secondary Responses Isotype switching. Primary Lymphoid Organs. Antigen. Hypersensitivity Reactions (type I and type IV). Genetic control of Immune Response.presenting cells. Idiotypic Modulation of Response. Biological Effects of Complement Cytokines Network Molecular basis of t.Cell dependent Defence Mechanisms. Tumors Immune Tolerance Self Tolerance. Transplantation and Rejection. Antigen Presenting Cell. Lymphocytes. T. Antibody. Structure function of various cytokines. Affinity Maturation Development of Memory Major Histocompatibility Complex Structure of MHC Class I Molecules. Alternative Activation of pathway. Lymphocyte Traffic Cells involved in the Immune Response Lymphocytes. Ontogeny and T-cell Receptors. Genetic Allergic Response. Clonal Selection Theory.blood groupings. Cell Mediated Cytotoxicity. Neuroendocrine Modulation of Responses.MBS 204 : IMMUNOLOGY Introduction to Immune System Innate and acquired Immunity. 17 . Mast cells. Active and passive Immunity Lymphoid System Lymphoid Tissue: Primary or Secondary. Mechanism Migration and their involvement in disease of Cell Immunopathology Rh. Antibody Receptors. Genomic Organization of TCR Locus Antigen Recognition and Presentation Structure and assembly of MHC molecules/Peptide Complexes. Effect of Somatic Mutations or the Antibody Diversity. cytokine receptors and Cell Mediated Immune Response T -Cell independent Defence Mechanisms. Antibody Structure and Function. Autoimmune Diseases. Antibody Responses in vivo. Role of 1gE. Cytokine production from TH1 and TH2 CD4+ T-cells. Genetic disorders congenital and acquired. Mononuclear Phagocyte. Immuno deficiencies. Polymorphs and mast cells. Immnoglobulins. Immunogolubin Gene Recombination.cell activation. Ab Class switching. Cluster designation Ag specific receptors (comparison of Human and Mouse Lineages) Antibody Generation. Genomic Organisation of the MHC locus in Mice and Humans. Antigen Processing and Presentation of T-lymphocytes (CD4+ and CD8+) Complement System Nomenclature of classical Complement. Role of Macrophages in Immune Response Regulation of Immune Response Role of Antigen. Secondary Lymphoid organs. Cell Migration and Adhesion Patterns of Cell Migration. Antibody Diversity. structure and Function Humoral immunity. Structure of MHC Class II Molecules. Immunology. Direct/Indirect Immunoflorescence. W. E. Ed.7th by David Male and Jonathan Brastoff and David B. Kaufmann and Alan Sher and Rafi Ahmed. Australia. Tumor Immunology FACS Vaccines Reading List 1 2 3 4 5 6 Kuby Immunology by Thomas Kindt and Richard A. Freeman and Company. Abbas and Andrew H. Goldsby and Barbara A. Both and Ivan Roitt. Saunders. DELMAR. Isolation of pure antibodies. 2007. Essentials of immunology & serology by Jacqueline H. 2007.H. 2002. 18 . Washington. 2006. 6th. Cellular and molecular immunology by Abul K. 7th Ed. Assays for Complement Gene Targeting: Knock out and Transgenic Animals. Mosby Elsevier.Antigen Antibody Interaction Immunological Techniques Haemagglutination. Lichtman and Shiv Pillai. Immunology of infection diseases by Stefan H. Garland Science. Janeway and Paul Travers and Mark Walport and Mark J. 6th. New York. Ed. Osborne. Ed. Stanley. Hybridoma Technology for Mab Production. ASM Press. 2008. Immuno biology: the immune system in health and disease by Charles A. 2002. Shlomchik. Physical principles of gas exchange. Rhythmical excitation of heart. Pulmonary circulation. Transport of ions and molecules through cell membrane: diffusion and active transport. Control of excitation and conduction in heart. Gastrointestinal physiology General principles of gastrointestinal function . Nerve action potential. Reabsorption and secretion along different parts of nephron. Role of thirst in controlling extracellular fluid osmolarity and sodium concentration. interstitial fluid and lymph flow. Blood physiology Blood cells. Local control of blood flow by tissues and humoral regulation. Cardiac arrhythmias. transfusion. Excitation and Contraction of skeletal muscle: Physiologic anatomy of skeletal muscle. Reabsorption and secretion by renal tubules. Ingestion of food. Regulation of tubular reabsorption. nervous control. Respiration Pulmonary ventilation: mechanisms of pulmonary ventilation. Excitation of skeletal muscle. Vascular distensibility and functions of arterial and venous systems. Regulation of heart pumping. renal blood flow and their control. venous return and their regulation. Pancreatic secretion.MBS 205: HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY Membrane physiology. and blood clotting. Gastric secretion. Urine formation by kidneys: Glomerular filtration. Absorption in small intestine. Heart sounds. Regulation of extracellular fluid osmolarity and sodium concentration. Molecular mechanisms of muscle contraction. alveolar ventilation. Blood groups. tissue and organ transplantation. Integration of renal mechanisms for control of blood volume and extracellular fluid volume. Kidneys and body fluids Body fluid compartments: Basic principles of osmosis and osmotic pressure: Extracellular and intracellular fluids. and blood circulation. peripheral chemoreceptor system. calcium. Interstitial fluid and edema. pulmonary edema and pleural fluid. Membrane potentials and action potentials: Resting membrane potential of nerves. Capillary fluid exchange. Resistance of body to infection. Energetics of muscle contraction. Microcirculation and lymphatic system. Movements of colon. Regulation of acid-base balance.motility. Cardiac failure and circulatory shock. Determinants of glomerular filtration rate. Cardiac output. Heart and circulation Physiology of cardiac muscle. Renal regulation of potassium. Hemostasis and blood coagulation. Physical characteristics and basic theory of circulation. Transport and mixing of food in the alimentary tract. dynamics of valvular and congenital heart defects. red blood cells. monocyte-macrophage system and inflammation. Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide in blood and body fluids. Tubular processing of glomerular filtrate. Cardiac cycle. Secretary functions of alimentary tract: Secretion of saliva. Renal blood flow. Movements of small intestine. Diffusion of gases through respiratory membrane. Digestion and absorption in gastrointestinal tract: Digestion of various foods. Leukocytes. Regulation of respiration: respiratory center. Functions of respiratory passageways. Functions of kidneys in homeostasis. Secretion of bile by liver. Characteristics of normal electrocardiogram. granulocytes. central chemoreceptor system and their regulatory function. phosphate and magnesium. nerve and muscle Organization and functional systems of the cell with refers to nerve and muscle cells. 19 . pulmonary volumes and capacities. Secretions of small and large intestine. Motor functions of stomach. Nervous regulation of circulation. Neuromuscular transmission and excitation-contraction coupling. New Delhi. 22nd.Reading List 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Textbook of medical physiology by Arthur C.11th. Principles of anatomy and physiology by Gerard J. Mosby. With (Brief atlas of the skeleton surface anatomy. Berne and Matthew N. B I Waverly Pvt Ltd. Johnson and Ed. 2005. ELSEVIER. 2003. 3rd. 2005. Ed. Ed. Medical Physiology: A cellular and molecular approach by Walter F. Review of medical physiology by William F. and selected medical images) Best and Taylor’s physiological basis of medical practice by John B. 12th. 2006. 1998. West. Tortora and Bryan Derrickson. Ganong. Hall. Saunders. Levy.1th.. 1990. 20 . Physiology by Robert M. 2003. John Wiley. Essential medical physiology by Leonard R. Boulpaep. Saunders. Ed. McGraw Hill. Guyton and John E. Boron and Emile L. Adernal Cortex. Spinal cord reflexes. obesity and starvation. Vestibular sensations and maintenance of equilibrium. Thoughts. Nervous system: motor and integrative neurophysiology Motor functions of spinal cord. Receptor and neural function of retina. Activating-driving systems of brain. Ganong. Neuronal circuits for processing information. Physiologic anatomy of cerebral cortex. Function of brain in communication . The chemical senses . Body temperature. Saunders. 2005. Guyton and John E. and thermal sensations: Pain receptors and their stimulation. Central auditory mechanisms. Levy. Medical physiology: a cellular and molecular approach by Walter F. Neural function of retina. Reflexes of posture and locomotion. Limbic system and hypothalamus. Flexor reflexes and withdrawal reflexes. Functions of specific cortical areas. Dietary balances. Effect of High partial pressure of gases on the body.roles of specific neurotransmitter systems. Thyroid structure. ELSEVIER. B I Waverly Pvt. Structure and function of its hormones. Effects of Acceleratory forces on the body in aviation and space physiology.. Physiology by Robert M.taste and smell.muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs and their roles in muscle control. Pain. Cerebral Cortex: intellectual functions of brain. Association areas. Mosby. Lipid metabolism. Epilepsy. Boron and Emile L. Somatic sensations: Tactile and position senses. Adrenal Medullar. Function of corpus callosum and anterior commissure. Metabolism and Temperature Regulation Metabolism of carbohydrates and formation of adenosine triphosphate. Hypothalamic control of pituitary glands. Psychotic behavior and dementia . Vitamins and minerals. function of parathyroid hormones. Color vision. With (Brief atlas of the skeleton surface anatomy. Sensory pathways for transmission of somatic signals into the central nervous system. Role of brain stem in controlling motor function. John Wiley.MBS 301: ADVANCE HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY Sensory Physiology Central nervous system synapses. regulation of feeding. Principles of anatomy and physiology by Gerard J. headache. Pancreas: Function of its hormones. Origin in brain of brain waves (EEG). consciousness and memory. Sensory receptors. Eye: Optics of vision. McGraw Hill. Ed. Ltd. Slow-wave sleep.1th. Review of medical physiology by William F. Reading List 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Textbook of medical physiology by Arthur C. Sleep. 2003. Some special characteristics of synaptic transmission.11th. Central neurophysiology of vision. West. Ed. States of brain activity. Organization and function of visual cortex. temperature regulation and fever. Environmental Physiology High altitude. Transmission in dorsal column – medial lemniscal system. Photochemistry of vision. Brain waves. Hearing: Tympanic membrane and ossicular system. 1990. space and Deep Sea Diving Physiology: Effect of low oxygen pressure on the body. basal ganglia and motor control. Cerebellum. 22nd. Boulpaep. Saunders. Essential medical physiology by Leonard R. Pituitary: Structure and function. Hall. and selected medical images) and Best and Taylor’s physiological basis of medical practice by John B. New Delhi. Muscle sensory receptors . Ed. REM sleep. Berne and Matthew N. 21 . function of its hormones. Johnson and Ed. Dual transmission of pain signals into the central nervous system. Cortical and brain stem control of motor function: Motor cortex and corticospinal tract.language input and output. 3rd. 2003. 1998. 2006. Referred and visceral pain. Energetics and metabolic rate. Behavioral and motivational mechanisms of brain. Tortora and Bryan Derrickson. learning and memory. 2005. Cochlea. Endocrine glands & Hormones Endocrine glands & Hormones. 12th. Basic theories of sleep. Integration of all parts of total motor control system. Functional anatomy and functions of limbic system and hypothalamus. Oxidation. 3rd. Ed. DNA. Oxford. 2nd. bioisosteres. affinity and efficacy. Signal transduction and second messenger systems. Silverman. A. Medicinal chemistry: principles and practice by Frank D. lead modification. 6th. β-lactams. Drugs inhibiting protein synthesis. Introduction of various classes of drugs based on their interaction with target site. Mono-oxygenases. Neurotransmitters and their receptors. Role of nonspecific enzymes: Oxidases. Ed. The Royal Society of Chemistry. 2007. active transport. Fungal membrane and Nuclear membrane. conventional drug screening. Phase I and Phase II metabolism. 22 . Karsa and R. Quantitative structure activity relationships. Hydrolysis. Receptor modulation and mimics. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Patrick. pharmacophore descriptors Receptors Chemical nature of receptors. Adverse drug reactions. The Royal Society of Chemistry. Glucuronide and Amino acids). Quinolones. Drug Metabolism Biotransformations and their mechanisms. Stephenson. Drugs acting on cell wall. Structure activity relationship illustrated with examples from Sulphonamides. Foye's Principles of Medicinal Chemistry by Thomas L Lemke and David A Williams. Ed. Receptor sites. allosteric binding sites Chirality and receptor binding. Ed. Enzyme Inhibition Reversible and irreversible. Chirality and drug metabolism. ELSEVIER. 2006. structural modification. enzymes.MBS 302: PRINCIPLES OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY Role of Medicinal Chemistry in discovery of drugs Drug Design Discovery of lead compound. structure activity relationship. partial antagonism. 2002. carbohydrates etc with suitable examples. Introduction to medicinal chemistry by Graham L. introduction to molecular modeling and molecular graphics. inverse agonism. Di-oxygenases and Peroxidases: Biotransformations illustrated by suitable examples of commonly used drugs. Deamination and Conjugation (GSH. Reduction. Nucleosides and Alkaloids. King. R. classification of receptors and receptor subtypes. Drug receptor interactions. 1996. 2nd. 2004. Chemical aspects of drug delivery systems by D. Reading List 1 2 3 4 5 Organic chemistry of drug design and drug action by Richard B. Sulfate. Drugs interacting with receptors. antagonism. Field Desorption (FD). Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization (MALDI). NOE. Basic one and two dimensional NMR spectroscopy by Horst Friebolin. application to structure determination. 2007. Tracer Techniques in Biology: tumor diagnosis and imaging. MRI principles by Donald G. McMaster. first order and second order spectra. Contemporary instrumental analysis by Kenneth A. HPLC: a practical user’s guide. Time of Flight mass analyzers. Separation Methods An introduction to chromatographic separation. 13C NMR: Proton decoupling: Broad band. Gadian. Saunders.MBS 303: ANALYTICAL & BIOMEDICAL TECHNIQUES AND INSTRUMENTATION Introduction Principles of Instrumental Analysis. Wiley-Interscience. Forming charged particles: Electron impact (EI) and Chemical Ionization(CI). Classical description – Processional motion. Palgrave. CD and ORD Miscellaneous Confocal Microscopy: Applications in Cell Biology. 19F. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Theory of NMR: Quantum description.2nd by Marvin C. Magnetic Resonance Imaging: The concept of MRI. 23Na. 1998. Mitchell. 23 . Fluorescence and Phosphorescence. Pulsed decoupling. Double focusing mass spectrometers. 1999. T1 and T2 and their measurement. Electron Microscopy. 1991. ion cyclotron resonance. Double Resonance Techniques. James Holler and Timothy A. FID. Combine the mass spectrometer with Gas Chromatography (GC/MS) and with liquid chromatography (LC/MS). Chemical shift theory. Ed. functional mapping of brain. Organic spectroscopy by William Kemp. Environmental Effects: Types. off-resonance. Principles of instrumental analysis by Douglas Skoog and F. Larmour frequency. High Pressure Liquid Chromatography and FPLC. Flow Cytometry. Pretsch and P. Springer. Webster. Gas Chromatography. 6th. Types of Instrumental Methods to be covered in the course. Application in Muscle Physiology. 3rd. 15N Optical Methods and their applications in Biomedical Sciences Ultraviolet / Visible molecular absorption spectroscopy. NMR and its applications to living systems by David G. Infrared. 1998. Affolter. 1997. Supercritical fluid chromatography Mass Spectrometry Explanation of mass Spectrometry. Ed. infectious diseases such as tuberculosis. Mass Analyzers: Magnetic sector mass spectrometers. John Wiley. Ed. Proton on heteroatom. Rubinson. Mangetic Assisted Cell Sorting Reading List 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Spectrometric identification of organic compounds by Robert M. Rubinson and Judith F. Other nuclei : 31P. Fourier Transform NMR: Pulsed excitation. Types of NMR Spectra – Wild line and high resolution spectra. Structure determination of organic compounds: tables of spectral data by E. Wiley-VCH. Oxford. Prentice Hall 2000. 1995. Spin–spin splitting. Fast Atom Bombardment (FAB). Electrospray Ionization. Ed. Magnetic anisotropy. Application of proton NMR: Identification of compounds. 2005. 2nd. Ed. Silverstein and Francis X. Nieman. 5th. Quadrupole pole mass spectrometers. W S Saunders. Selecting an analytical method and developing a new Analytical Technique. NMR Spectrometers: Instrumentation. Buhlmann and C. Applications of mass spectrometry in Biomedical field. Relaxation processes.3rd. Ed. Principles of Genetics by Eldon J. Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis Various theories.MBS 304: MOLECULAR ONCOLOGY (Interdisciplinary) The Cancer Problem Epidemiology. Wnt. the Indian scenario. integrins. 2000. 6th. Necrosis. using example of Src. Effect of viral infection on signal transduction. Strategies of chemoprevention. 8th. New York. and Monty Krieger. Kaiser. degree of malignancy. tissue and molecular markers. Humana Press. jun-fos. Chris A. Role of oncogenes in gene regulation using examples erb. life style. Ed. changing patterns. Modulation of immune response and immunotherapy. Ed. invasions. Tumor specific antigens and immune response. Molecular cell biology by Harvey Lodish and Arnold Berk. 24 . Morphogens Experimental Model Systems in Cancer Research Microbial Models. Bronchud and Others. invasions by cancerous cells. W H Freeman and Company. Stem Cell Differentiation. Abl. Tumor types and leukemia Benign and malignant tumors. Established Cell Lines. Emerging Cancer Therapy Cellular. Growth factor-signalling pathways in cancer Relationship between oncogene products and growth factors. Cancer genetics. interaction of various agents. Gardner and Michael J. Peter Snustad. Proapoptotic and Antiapoptotic proteins and mechanism of action. Ras action in normal and transformed cells and viral oncogenes. Promotion and Progression. Organ Cell Cultures. repair and mutations by physicochemical agents and viruses. Reading List 1 2 3 4 Genes by Benjamin Lewin Ed. large Tantigen etc. Tumor suppressor genes and Viral oncogenes Mechanisms of P53. potential targets for Cancer Therapy. Spheroids. WHO classification. rel. Apoptosis. familial cancers. multi-step and multistage processes. John Wiley. types of chromosomal translocations. Angiogenesis. localized and metastatic disease. Oxford. Modulation of the Eukaryotic Cell Cycle and cell death in cancer Cell cycle and its control: Mechanism of deregulation of cell cycle during cancer. Tumor Immunology Immune suppression and role of immune survelliance in growth of tumors. 7th. Schemes of classification. Differentiation: hyperplasia and precancerous lesions. staging and grading. cancer vaccines. 2005. GAP and growth factors. Principles of molecular oncology by Miguel H. 2000. Classification of leukemia. Cell Interactions in Development of cancer Cell-cell interaction. Rb. Primary Cell Cultures. 2008. Drug Discovery Strategy. Role of DNA damage. Initiation. Simmons and D. Environmental carcinogens and risk factors. Neoarrgiogenesis. Ideal therapeutic index. teratogenicity. various hepatotoxic agents. in-vitro mutagenicity tests. Carcinogenesis. Distribution. Organ toxicities Hepatotoxicity: A brief description of morphological and functional aspects of liver with special reference to hepatotoxicity. Naturally occurring poisons: Mycotoxins.MBS 305: TOXICOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY Introduction to pharmacology. Routes of administration of drugs. Fibrosis. anticholinergic drugs. in-vitro tests. antianginal agents. their advantages and disadvantages. Physiological (route of exposure. A general study only. lung. Solvents. pshychopharmacological agents Drugs acting on the autonomic nervous system: Cholinergic drugs. Measurement of TD 50/ TC 50 and LD 50/ LC 50. Inter-species extrapolation of dose-response data. Inorganic chemicals: Industrial and chemical environmental inorganic toxicants polluting air/ water/ food. which modify drug action. coaogulants and anticoaogulants. Adsoption. cardiotonics. Confounding. GI tract. types of liver injuries. Cardiovascular toxicity: A brief description of mechanisms of cardiovascular toxicity and cardiotioxic agents. NOEL. Nephrotoxicity: A brief description of morphological and functional aspects of kidney in relation of nephrotoxicity. Neuromuscular blockers. Bacterial toxins. scope of pharmacology. scope and different branches of toxicology. Pharmacological classification of drugs. Types of toxicity and its measurement: Acute.Fatty liver formation. Risk and safety analysis: Margin of safety. Cardiovascular drugs. Dose response relationship. Chemicals in the work place. metabolism. Hormones and hormone antagonists. Adrenergic drugs and adrenergic receptor blockers. Pesticides. Sub-acute or Chronic and its manifestations. Neuron blockers and ganglion blockers. altitude and circadian rhythms related) factors affecting metabolism. Drugs of abuse. Metabolizing enzymes of liver.subcellular and biochemical mechanisms. Epidemiology of toxicity: Cohort study. Metabolism and Excretion (ADME) of drugs and chemicals. 25 . Case-control study. anticholinesterase drugs. Therapeutic index. Drugs acting on the respiratory system. A brief review of toxic substances: Synthetic organic compounds: Chemical additives in food. Hepatitis. Retrospect study. nephrotoxic agents. Various processes of absorption of drugs and the factors affecting them. the discussion of drugs should emphasize the following aspects: Drugs acting on the central nervous system: Anesthetics. Principles of Toxicology Definition. Site of metabolism. skin and their role in activation and detoxification of drugs and chemicals. Pharmacokinetic aspects of toxicants: Absorption. distribution and excretion of drugs. Acute toxicity: Mode of application/ administration/ exposure. TLV. expectorants and antitussive agents. Cosmetics. kidney. peripheral vasodilators and drugs used in atherosclerosis.bronchodilators. sex and age). Detailed mechanisms of chemical induced nephrotoxicity. antihypertensive agents. drugs used in myasthenia gravis. WHO standards. Plant toxins and Animal toxins. ADI. Cirrhosis. Nutritional and environmental (temperature. Necrosis. detoxification and toxic responses of drugs and chemicals. Cross-sectional study. Subacute and chronic toxicity. species. Pharmacodynamics: General mechanism of drug action and the factors. Drugs acting on the digestive system. Special toxicity studies: Carcinogenecity. Cholastosis. target organs and risk assessment by Frank C. Principles and practice of toxicology in public health by Ira R. Mylenopathy. 7th. Rang and M.K. Toxicology by Hans Marquradt and S. 6th Ed. Therapeutic aspects: General measures and treatment of poisoning cases. Ed. Gastro-intestinal toxicity. 2005.M. Stine and Thomas M. Broncho-pulmonary (inhalation) toxicity. 2008.J. 1999.G. Jaypee Brothers. Handbook of human toxicology by E. Klaassen. New York. Page and M. Churchill Livingstone. Hoffman.J. Goodman & Gilman’s the pharmacological basis of therapeutics by Laurence Brunton and John Lazo and Keith Parker. P.C. Lu’s basic toxicology: fundamentals. Walker and B. Schafer and R. Neuronopathy. Neropathy. Richards. 5th. 26 . New Delhi. Informa Healthcare. Pharmacology H. Dale and J. By K. 5th. Ed. McClellah and Academic Press. 1997. 2nd. Massaro. CRC Press. Specific antidotes. 2003.Neurotoxicity: A brief description neurotoxic agents and types of neurotoxic effects. Principles of toxicology by Karen E. Casarett and Dull’s toxicology: the basic science of poisons by Curties D.Axanopathy. Contraindications. Brown. Reading List 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Essential of medical pharmacology. Ritter and P.D.D. 11th.J. 2007. Jones and Bartlett Publishers.B. Ed. Mosby. Tests for evaluation of toxicities in different organs. 2006.M. Agents of first choice. Ed. Ed. 2006. Curtis and M. Tripathi. 2009. Lu and Sam Kacew. 3rd. Moore. Ed. McGraw-Hill Professional. CRC Press. Sutter and M. Skin toxicity/ photosensitivity. Integrated Pharmacology: With Student Consult Access by Clive P. McGraw Hill. 2007. MBS 401: DISSERTATION 27 . genomic imprinting and uniparental disomy. (For topics 1 and 3 refer to Human Genome Project site also. Haplotype construction (using SNPs and/or microsatellites polymorphism data). isolation of mutants (e. RNA-encoding genes. Mouse. Genotypic and Allelic frequencies. Drosophila.MBS 402: GENOME BIOLOGY (Interdisciplinary) Introduction Overview of Genomics. Top-down and Bottom. PAC. coli.nlm. Outcomes and ethical issues.nih. Types of repetitive DNA: LINES.up approaches. Polymorphism based analysis. spontaneous mutations and X-inactivation (Website: OMIM) Human Genome and beyond History. YAC and sequencing techniques) and approaches (Hierarchial and shotgun sequencing used). anticipation. Polymorphism screening (Genotyping of SNPs and Microsatellite markers).coli: Mutation analysis through mutant selection and deciphering metabolic pathways.g. Radiation hybrids). Interpretation of pedigree data. Parametric and non-parametric approach. Genetic markers and their applications Techniques for Genomics Cytogenetic techniques (Karyotyping and FISH). Saccharomyces cerevisea: Tetrad analysis. Pedigree symbols and construction of pedigrees. Genetic Maps (Marshfield and DeCode maps) Identification of Genetic Basis of Disease Forward and Reverse Genetics. but not restricted to these]. Cystic fibrosis. Gathering family history. SINES. Positional and Candidate Gene approaches.ncbi. pleiotropy. tuberculosis and Plasmodium. Conservation and diversity of genomes 28 . Role of model organisms in genetic studies in the pre-genomic era E. Expression analysis and proteome analysis Mapping strategies Physical Maps (Cytogenetic maps. Pseudogenes. Yeast.) Organization of the Human Genome General features: Gene density. genetic heterogeneity. dominance problems. during these lectures the teacher is expected to reflect the integration of regulatory loops shared between Drosophila and humans. To highlight how biology is a network of interactions direct and indirect. late onset. Patterns of inheritance for monogenic traits Deviations from the basic pedigree patterns-Variable penetrance and expressivity. to show how this Cinderella of genetics remains relevant in the genomics era). organization and goals of human genome sequence. Caenorhabditis elegans: Discovery of RNAi/miRNA in developmental context. Introduction to Copy number variation (to be covered through paper presentations) Genome of model organisms & pathogens & Comparative Genomics Overview of prokaryotic and eukaryotic genome organization and complexity: E. Drosophila melanogaster: from chromosomal basis of inheritance to sharing themes in developmental biology.gov). Positionalcloning approach [Examples like Huntington disease. Mus musculus: Generation of knockouts and transgenic for tissue expression analysis: Conventions of nomenclature of genes and gene products in different model systems (www. CpG islands. TDT. M. cell cycle mutants) and their characterization. Gene clusters. Pedigree Analysis Basic concept. Tools (Vectors. (Note: students have studied this under Concepts in genetics (II semester).BAC. Diversity in size and organization of genes. What is the difference between genetics and genome biology? The transition from reductionist to comprehensive approach in understanding biological systems. Ed.org. www. 6th. Saunders. Ed. Michael L.ncbi. Epigenome analysis [Concepts are taught in II semester] Reading List 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Human molecular genetics by Tom Strachan and Andrew P. Reynolds. Ed.Implications of Genome Research: Diagnosis and screening of Genetic Disorders. Ed. Applications in pharmacogenetics (Genetic polymorphism in drug metabolism genes and their effect on drug metabolism and drug response. Springer. Vogel and Motulsky's Human Genetics: Problems and Approaches by Michael Speicher and Stylianos E. Basic human genetic by Elaine Johnsoen. 3rd. 4th. 2nd. 2004. Antonarakis and Arno G. 2006. 1993. Read. John Wiley.1st. Prenatal genotyping for mutations in β. McGraw Hill Higher Education. Leroy Hood. 29 . Rastogi Publications. Motulsky. Human Genetics: The Molecular Revolution by McConkey. Smith. and Ann E. HAPLORE for haplotype construction. Nussbaum and Roderick R.nih. Genetics: From Genes to Genomes by Leland Hartwell. Garland Science. 2004.nlm. Ed.gov. 3rd. 2001. Ed. 2002. Mange. toxicity) Website based analysis and seminars: www. Jones and Bartlett. Wiley-Blackwell. Mange and Arthur P. McInnes and Huntington F.globin gene and sickle cell aneamia. 2009.ensembl. Goldberg. Genomics: the science and technology behind the human genome project by Charles R. Thompson & Thompson Genetics in Medicine by Robert L. Willard. Cantor and Cassandra L. Molecular and Genetic Analysis of Human Traits by Gustavo Maroni. 2005. 2004. r-DNA receptor bioassays. Ottenbrite and Sung Wan Kim. routes of drug delivery systems . Pirrung. 4th. CRC. Polymeric drugs & drug delivery systems by Raphael M. Student seminar Reading List 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Organic chemistry of drug design and drug action by Richard B.K. Jain. Wiley-Liss. Non-liganded and constitutive receptor activation. 2006. Ed. 1998. Kerwin. Burger’s medicinal chemistry and drug discovery by Donald J. 2003. genetic variability. Molecular diversity and combinatorial chemistry: principles and applications by Michael C. drug delivery devices: implants. 6th. Receptor Chemistry and Biology: Chemistry of membrane and intracellular receptors. Organ Receptors. 2009.MBS 403: CONCEPTS IN DRUG DISCOVERY AND MECHANISM (Interdisciplinary) Existing drugs as lead compounds for new discovery: Case histories to be illustrated with examples from sulfonamides. Alkaloids etc. minipumps. Concepts in drug delivery systems. Pharmacogenetics: Population variation in drug metabolism. Receptors as targets for vaccines and newer drug development. Isolation and characterization of receptors. Combinatorial Chemistry: Methodology of combinatorial Synthesis. 2001. Ed. Regulation of receptor number and affinity. 30 . ELSEVIER. Horizon Bioscience. Combinatorial chemistry and molecular diversity in drug discovery by Eric M. ELSEVIER.. mechanism of controlled drug release. Desensitization of receptors. Nanobiotechnology in molecular diagnostics: current techniques and applications by K. Gorden and James F. Technomic. Silverman. soluble delivery systems: micro and nano systems. 2004. Textbook of drug design and discovery by Povl Krogsgaard-Larsen and Kristian Stromgaard and Ulf Madsen. 2nd. Receptor cross-talk. β-lactams. John Wiley. Quinolones. Ed. molecular markers and Single nucleotide polymorphism as markers for emerging concepts in pharmacogenetics. polymorphism relating to receptors and genes in drug metabolism. Abraham. Parallel synthesis and Combinatorial Library. Nucleosides. Sequence Homology and Homology based modeling. 2nd. and R. Burnham and Iris H. Ed. P. SAR. AKt inhibitors. Biochemistry. Renin inhibitors e. Basic elements contributing to 3D-structure. Chemoinformatics: a textbook by Johann Gasteiger and Thomas Engel. Locus and mechanism of action. Ed. Vyas. Molecular modeling: basic principles and applications by Hans-Dieter Holtje and Wolfgang Sippl and Didier Rogan and Gerd Folkers. Interferon gamma. New drugs developed for cardiovascular disease Cholesterol. Structure activity studies Role of Biotechnology in Drug Discovery The impact of biotechnology on small-molecular drug discovery and development. glycoprotein inhibitor e. 2nd. Molecular Dynamics.g. abciximab. Hall. Antisense nucleotides.g.MBS 404: ADVANCED MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY (Interdisciplinary) Metal Complexes in Medicine Chemistry of Metal Species. CCR5 inhibitors etc. 2003.Wiley. ezetimibe. 2008. Metal containing imaging agents Drugs acting on Novel Targets (examples from past one decade or so) β-tubulin inhibitors and their mechanism. 2003. Wiley-Interscience. Wiley-VCH. Kinase inhibitors e. Molecular Mechanics. Macromolecular structure database: Its constitution and attributes. Stereoselectivity.g. Nature of the stimulus. Use of Transgenic animal models for drug evaluation Molecular Modelling and Computer Aided Design of Macro-moleculas for Medical Application. g. Interferon alpha. Ed. 2007. 3rd. Examples of approved biotechnology based drugs: Monoclonal antibodies. Growth hormones. Dose and the parameters. 2006. absorption inhibitors e. CBS. 31 . Interferon beta. Wiley-VCH. HIV inhibitors: integrase inhibitors. Biopharmaceuticals: Biochemistry and Biotechnology by Gary Walsh. aliskerin Drug Discrimination Subjects.K. Specificity. Complexes in Clinical Trial. Khar. Students Seminar Reading List 1 2 3 4 5 Introduction to Medicinal Chemistry: How drugs act and why by Alex Gningauz and Bruce S. discovery of gleevac etc. New drugs developed for tuberculosis and other infectious diseases. Inter leukins. Modeling Ligand –Protein association: Docking methods. Targeted & Controlled Drug Delivery: Novel Carrier Systems by S. Emerging new applications 32 . gastrointestinal and hematopoitic syndrome). Chromosome aberration and mutation assays. DNA. Radiation Safety Biological basis of ICRP recommendations Radio-ecology and environmental radiation biology Low dose effects of natural and man made radiation. Measurement units of exposed and absorbed radiation. cell survival (including biophysical models). Mechanistic and regulatory aspects of DNA repair. Radiation sources and radionuclides.MBS 405: RADIATION BIOLOGY PART I Fundamentals of Radiation Physics Electromagnetic radiation and radioactivity. Mutation DNA repair processes Various repair pathways and their regulation. chromosomes and membrane. PART II Application in Biomedicine Radiation Medicine Radiation Therapy. Behavioral Radiation Biology Effects of radiation on nervous systems (in vitro studies). Role of DNA repair in aging and genetic diseases Biology Dosimetry Micronuclei formation. Adaptive response. Radiation and Photochemistry Interaction of radiation with matter. excitation and ionization. Radiochemical events relevant to radiation biology. Carcinogenesis and teratogenesis. Therapeutic nuclear medicine. Improvement in Tumor Radiotherapy. Division delay and cell cycle check points. lipids and carbohydrates Cellular effects of radiation Effects of Ionizing and non-ionizing radiation on cells. Effects of low and high doses of radiation on nervous system and behaviour. Systemic effects of radiation Acute. proteins. Modification of cellular and systemic response to radiation Radiosensitization and Radioprotection. Dosimetry Interaction of radiation with Biomolecules Nucleic acids. delayed and late radiation effects (with particular reference to nervous system. Ultraviolet radiation and environment. Predictive Assays. Management of radiation injuries Current Area of Research Tumor Physiology and Radiation Response. Giaccia. 33 .W. Wiley. Lippincott.Ed.H. 2007. Bystander effects. Radiation induced alterations in signal transduction Reading List 1 2 3 4 Radiobiology for the Radiobiologist by Eric J. Nias.Others Low-dose hypersensitivity. Basic Clinical Radiobiology by G. 6th. Ed. Ed. Hall and Amato J. 2nd. Hodder Arnold Publication. Gorden Steele. 2002. Introduction to Radiobiology by A. 1st. Introduction to Radiobiology by A. Wambersie. 1998. 2005. Taylor & Francis. Pre-clinical Trials. Integrity in Clinical Research. Ethics in Clinical Research Definition and theories of Ethics and Foundation. Bernard Rosner. Matthews. Process of Drug Development and Drug Safety. Pharmaco-epidemiology. Epidemiology and Biostatistics: An Introduction to Clinical Research. Publisher: Springer. Introduction to Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials. 1st Ed. Drug Safety. 2nd Ed. Medical report writing and publication of results. Introduction to Bioavailability and Bioequivalence.MBS 406: TOPICS IN CLINICAL RESEARCH Introduction to Clinical Research Definition. Non-Disclosure Agreement. 2009.. Good Clinical Practices (GCP). Fundamentals of Biostatistics. Bryan Kestenbaum. Trial design and analysis. Methods in Clinical Research and Clinical Trial: Design Designing of protocol. Shein-Chung Chow. Conflicts of Interest. EU Regulatory Affairs. Adaptive Design Methods in Clinical Trials.. software and IT in Clinical Research. Ira R. Monitoring. Duxbury Press. US and Indian Regulatory system. 6th Ed. Oxford University press. Independent Ethics Committee. 1 Edition. 2006. Regulatory Process in Clinical Research History and Role of Regulations in Clinical Research. Berry. Emanuel. Introduction to Quality Assurance and quality control. The Oxford Textbook of Clinical Research Ethics.. Informed Consent. Bioinformatics. Pharmaco-vigilance. Understanding Epidemiology. 2006. 2008. Documentation. Biostatistics and Data Management Role of Statistics in clinical research. 1st Ed. Study population and sample size. The Johns Hopkins University Press. CRC. cancer and genetics) Pharmacology and Pharmaceuticals. Clinical trial phase I/II/III/IV. Informa HealthCare. Ezekiel J. The Pharmaceutical Regulatory Process (Drugs and the Pharmaceutical Sciences). Emanuel. 2003. 34 . Audit and Inspection of trial study. Ezekiel J. GMP regulations. Scope and Types of Clinical Research. Data management and validation. Consideration of SAE (serious adverse effects). Patent and Patent laws Clinical Research and Management Clinical Study Preparation. Reading List 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Ethical and Regulatory Aspects of Clinical Research: Readings and Commentary. 2005. 1st Ed.. Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) and Accreditation..S. 2004. CRC. (infectious disease. John N. Microbial evasion strategies. Lichtman and Shiv Pillai. Immune Response to Infectious Disease-Viral. Complement as Pathogenic Factor in Disease. three Immunoglobulin gene Expression. Utilising Transgenic and Knockout Mice in understanding immune mechanisms. Tumor Immunology. Mucosal Immunity. Chromosomal Translocation involving Immunoglobulin loci. Chromosomal Translocations associated with Disease and Molecular Mechanism of T-Cell Activation.6th. Freeman and Company. Shlomchik. 7th. Systemic Autoimmunity. 6th. V Gene Assembly and recombination. Both and Ivan Roitt. Immuno biology: the immune system in health and disease by Charles A.H. 2007 Cellular and molecular immunology by Abul K. DELMAR. Complement Complement: Location. Immunotherapy. Vaccines. Hybridoma Technology. Sounders. TCR Genes. Regulation and Activation. Pathogen Interface with Antigen Presentation. Kaufmann and Alan Sher and Rafi Ahmed. Ed. 2002 Essentials of immunology & serology by Jacqueline H. Student Seminar Reading List 1 2 3 4 5 6 Kuby Immunology by Thomas Kindt and Richard A. Ed. Janeway and Paul Travers and Mark Walport and Mark J. Cytotoxic T-Lymphocytes. Aging and Immune Functions. MHC and Diseases. ASM Press. bacterial and Protozoans. 2006. E. Transplantation Immunology. Abbas and Andrew H. signal Transduction in Innate Immunity. Washington. Pathogensis of Allergic Diseases. Goldsby and Barbara A.7th by David Male and Jonathan Brastoff and David B. Mosby Elsevier. Immunology. 2002. MHC and Transplantation. immuno Deficiency Diseases. Garland Science. Osborne. Ed. Biological Consequences of Complement Activation. 2007. Australia. 2008. Ed.MBS 407: ADVANCED IMMUNOLOGY Immunoglobulins Introduction. Overview of Immunoglobulin. Stanley. Inflammation. Major Histocompatibility Complex Detailed Structure and Molecular Interaction of MHC Molecules. Immunology of infection diseases by Stefan H. Binding and Presentation. 35 . W. New York. Chemistry of peptide. biomagnification through food chain. antifungal agents. metabolism of pesticides. teratogenic and mutagenic tests. analeptics. antihypertensive agents. blood substitutes and plasma expanders. Pesticides Brief classification with examples.hypoglycemic agents. antirheumatic and antigout remedies. 9th Ed.microbial and solar. Drugs acting on the blood and blood forming organs. Organochloro residue burden in newborn babies in developing countries and potential hazards. anti-convulsants. Parameters used in carcinogenic risk assessment of pesticide residues. Analgesic and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Antacids. Goodman & Gilman’s the pharmacological basis of therapeutics by Joel G. Drugs acting on the respiratory systembronchodilators. coagulants and anticoagulants. Cardiovascular drugs. antidiarrhoeals. 1995. entry through air. absorption. haemostatics. Drugs acting on the eye. Drugs acting on the digestive system. biotransformation and elimination dynamics. antiemetics. expectorants and antitussive agents. Pregnancy and transfer to fetus. Drugs used in cancer. Drugs affecting renal function. Jaypee Brothers. streptomycin. Reading List 1 2 Essential of medical pharmacology. urinary antiseptics. elimination. Residues in tissues and organs – distribution and redistribution.MBS 408: ADVANCED TOXICOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY Environmental and Pesticide Toxicology Metallic Pollutants: Mercury. prostaglandins. Environmental alteration of pesticides . the discussion of drugs should emphasize the following aspects: Drugs acting on the central nervous system : General anesthetics. food and water. adjunction to anesthesia. sedatives and hypnotics. tetracyclines and other antibiotics. pshychopharmacological agents. Organochlorine insecticide residues as carcinogensparent status Carcinogens – phenoxyherbicides. Pharmacological classification of drugs. arsenicals and HCB. Limbird. peripheral vasodilators and drugs used in atherosclerosis. antileprotic drugs. Chemotherapy of microbial diseases. penicillins. cadmium. 2003. sex hormones and oral contraceptives. haematinics. non-target organisms. Hardman and Lee E. anti-Alzheimer’s drugs. By K. Hormones and hormone antagonists. lead. Tripathi. distribution.carminatives. Chemotherapy of protozoal diseases . 36 . Animal experiments – carcinogenic. antiviral drugs. Ecotoxicology: Impact of pesticides residues on ecosystems. phase I and phase II reaction. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics: General mechanism of drug action and the factors. New Delhi. which modify drug action. narcotic analgesics. digestants. Pesticide hazards to man Accidental and occupational exposure. Residue levels in man: Indian experience Vs developed countries. Local anesthetics.D. Source. antianginal agents. bitters. biochemical and physiological effects. purgatives and laxtives. Main routes of entry and factors affecting intake. emetics. cardiotonics. Centrally acting muscle relaxants and anti-parkinsonism agents. Health hazards: Non–fatal subtle levels. intravenous anesthetics. antacids and drugs used in peptic ulcer. arsenic. mydriatics. histamine and anti-histamines.. antithyroid drugs.diuretics and antidiuretics. residual and non-residual pesticides. sulfonamides. antitubercular drugs. Disinfectants and antiseptics. Mode of entry and mode of action of pesticides in target and non-target organisms. target site interactions and health hazards. corticosteroids. fate and dissipation of pesticides residue under tropical and temperature conditions. 5th Ed. fluoride. Pesticide beioaccoumlation. drugs used in glaucoma. exposure. Stine and Thomas M.3 4 Pharmacology H. Walker and B. Ed.M. Rang and M. McGraw Hill. 1997. Klaassen. Sutter and M. Ed. 2003. Dale and J.G. Richards.4th. 1999 Principles and practice of toxicology in public health by Ira R.M. Ed. 2002 Casarett and Dull’s toxicology: the basic science of poisons by Curties D. Schafer and R. CRC Press. Brown.K. Principles of toxicology by Karen E. Hoffman.J. Page and M. 1997 5 6 7 8 9 10 37 . New York. Ed. Massaro.J. P. target organs and risk assessment by Frank C.J.B. Curtis and M.D. Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Ritter and P. Moore. 2007 Toxicology by Hans Marquradt and S. Lu and Sam Kacew.5th. Integrated pharmacology by Clive P.2nd. 2007 Handbook of human toxicology by E. Taylor & Francis. McClellah and Academic Press. Churchill Livingstone. Mosby.7th. 2006 Lu’s basic toxicology: fundamentals. CRC Press.C. Albert’s staining of the given bacterial culture. Detection and analysis of Variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) in human genome by PCR: mapping the VNTR sequence on the human genome using Bioinformatics tools. nutrient broth. Methyl red test Voges-Prauskauer test. Desalting of proteins by dialysis and Sephadex G-25. Mycology 1. MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY Bacteriology 1. Lysine iron agar. BIOCHEMISTRY 1. Preparation and sterilization of different culture media (e. Affinity chromatography for protein purification. Sugar fermentation tests (glucose. 7. Preparation of polytene chromosomes and immunostaining for a chromatin interacting protein. Spore staining. 2. sex linked inheritance. sucrose). 4. nutrient agar. To carry out the following biochemical tests for given bacterial cultures: Catalase test. Candida albicans.g. 6. 4. Protein & Nucleic Acid blasts. Histoplasma capsulatum. Mac Conkey agar) and to obtain pure cultures. Nocardia. 2. 3. Western blot analysis to check special proteins. Ion-exchange chromatography. To prepare temporary mounts from cultures/clinical specimens and observe permanent slides of the following: Rhizopus. Estimation of colony forming units in E. 9. maltose. Isolation of genomic & plasmid DNA. Citrate test. Triple sugar iron. Using balancer stock to localize recessive mutations on chromosomes in Drosophila. To determine the antibiotic sensitivity profile of the given microbial culture using Kirby-Bauer method. 2. Blastomyces dermatidis. 3. Aspergillus fumigatus.PRACTICALS (9 hrs per week) MBS 106: PRACTICALS GENETICS Experiments in Concepts in genetics: 1. 5. 8. Penicillium marneffei. 4. Analysis of chromatin organization in mouse tissue for specific sequences through Micrococcal nuclease sensitivity followed by PCR. 38 . To demonstrate the presence of Candida albicans in the given clinical specimen using the germ tube test. 5. 6. Urease set. To carry out different types of staining such as Gram staining. chocolate agar.coli and its application in isolation of pure mutant strains from mixtures. Clustal W and sequence alignment etc. 2. Protein estimation by Loorys & Bradford methods. To set up and analyze results of crosses between mutants and wild type Drosophila to understand Mendelian genetic principles using Drosophila: Dominant and recessive inheritance. Blood agar. Aspergillus flavus. To check purity of protein & subunit structure by SDS page & silver staining. Acid fast staining. 3. Indole test. Mucor. Salting in and salting out of proteins. Induction of proteins cloned in expression vectors. 4. 5.MBS 206: PRACTICALS ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 1. 3. Collection of blood: Retro -orbital bleeding. 8. spleen and bone marrow by nylon wool method. benzalacetone. Column chromatography Interpretation of IR spectra and functional groups. Oxidation of an alcohol. Reimer-Tieman reaction. Preparations involving examples of reactive intermediates (any six): Cannizaro reaction. 4. 7. 6. Screening of positive clones. Preparation of competent cells and Transformation of E. Phagocytosis assay. 2. 3. Any example of enzymes catalyzed organic synthesis IMMUNOLOGY 1. Expression of proteins in mammalian cells using fluorescence microscopy. Protection of amino acids. Nitroblue tetrazolium test (NBT). Benzophenone. photochemical reaction. Synthesis of dipeptide. NBS-reaction. Subcutaneous and Intra muscular Immunization of animal (BALB/C) intraperitoneally with BSA 10% and adjuvant Immunodiffusion techniques Circulating Immune complex level estimation by PEG method Separation of mononuclear cells from blood Separation of lymphocytes from solid organs. Enamine reaction. 4. 9. Isolation of peritoneal macrophages Functional assay for macrophages using. Restriction digestion of isolated plasmids or RFLP analysis of given DNA of PCR diagnostic. 2. tail vein puncture Separation and preservation of serum and plasma Various routes of immunization: Intraperitoneal. Mammalian cell culture & transformation of recombinant vector containing GFP. 2. 3. DNA protein interactions by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Ligation of a DNA fragment in an expression vector.coli with given plasmid. 9. 8. 5. Cell adhesion assay. 6. Indirect haemagglutination. 39 . Dibenzal. Glucose phenylhydrazone. demonstration of ELISA technique and FACS MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 1. 7. Crystallization TLC. PCR of 16 S rRNA gene for phylogenetics analysis. Ergometry 8. 8. Fluorescence spectroscopy. 9. 4. 3. 7. Reticulocyte count. To verify Lambert Beer’s law . Biomolecular Interaction studies using Yeast 2 Hybrid System. To estimate the total amount of hemoglobin in human blood 7. PHARMACOLOGY & TOXICOLOGY 1. 4. Spectral Identification of a simple organic compound/metabolite/drug. Eosinophil count. DNA protein interactions by EMSA. ions on Heart Rate 10. 2. To study the effect of organophosphate Malathion on the specific activity of the enzyme acetylcholinestrase in rat brain homogenate. To study interaction of intercalating agents like ethidium bromide and porphyrin with DNA using: a. To determine the total RBC counts per cubic millimeter of blood and to show the effect of hypotonic. HPLC analysis of Nucleobases from Calf thymus DNA. 6. To determine the bleeding time by Duke method. NMR: 1H and 31P spectroscopy of muscle physiology during exercise and calculation of pH change from spectra. To test the presence of paracetamol in the given biological sample. 8. 5. 6. 3. 4.MBS 306: PRACTICALS ADVANCED HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY Hematology 1. and study the routes of administration Topical application of Atropine and Pilocarpine on rabbit eye Analgesic effect of diclofenac on mice/rat Study the effects of acetylcholine (Ach) and plot the dose-response curve. b. To measure inspiratory and expiratory parameters 2. Studying the Conformation change of Biomolecule using CD spectroscopy. clotting time by capillary tube method. 2. Infra red Spectroscopy. Recording and interpretation of IR of a biological fluid. 6. Gas Chromatography. UV –visible spectroscopy. Animal handling and precautions. To measure Muscle Twitch and Tetany ANALYTICAL & BIOMEDICAL TECHNIQUES AND INSTRUMENTATION 1. Measurement of Heart Rate and to study the effect of temperature. To determine the acute toxicity of a given drug and calculate the LD50 value. 7. HPLC: Analysis of 5-hydroxy tryptamine from blood. osmotic fragility of a given sample blood. 40 . To prepare a stained blood smear to identify the different leukocytes in the blood smear and to do a differential leukocyte count. 9. 10. Detection of organophosphorous pesticides in biological sample. Study of autorhythmicity of Heart 11. salt solutions on red blood cells 5. To record the conduction velocity of ulnar nerve 3. Analysis of opium alkaloids from opium. isotonic. Study the effect of general anaesthesia with ketamine To determine the effect of promethazine on phenobarbitone induced sleeping time in mice. Platelet count Experiment On Animal Heart (Rat/Frog) 9. 5. Mass Spectroscopy: Identification of a biopolymer using MALDI/ LC-MS. 10. Analysis of Cortisol from blood. 41 .