syllabus

1LAW OF CONTRACT SYLLABUS 1. 2. 3. Nature and scope of the law of contract. What is its place in the scheme of the law? History and theory of Contract. Formation: Agreement, offer and acceptance Options Mistake and quasi-mutual assent Intention to create legally binding obligations Formalities Certainty, contracts void for vagueness. Void and voidable contracts: Misrepresentation Duress Undue influence Capacity and stipulatio alteri. Illegality: Problems of illegality and compensation Common law illegality Statutory illegality Contents: Terms, conditions and warranties Suspensive and resolutive conditions Implied terms Parole evidence rule Non variation and not waiver clauses. Caveat subscripto: Exemption clauses and standard form contracts The Consumer Contracts Act. Covenants in Restratint of Trade: Freedom of Contract, Public Policy and State Regulation of business transactions. Transfer of Contractual Rights – cession, delegation and novation. Termination: a) performance b) set off (compansetio) c) merger (confusio) d) mutual agreement e) affluxion of time f) supervening impossibility g) extinctive prescription h) breach Remedies for breach: a) cancellation b) exceptio non adimpleti contractus c) order for specific performance d) interdict e) declaratory order f) damages Cognate Remedies: 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14 Cap. 4 Christie. Cap. The Law of Contract in South Africa. Ellison Kahn will be referred to as E. Reference to “Treitel” will be to THE LAW OF CONTRACT. 14 Atiyah. 8th edition. The Law of Contract in South Africa. London. 8:11. 3rd edition. London. 8:10. Wetton. 15 Chitty on Contracts. 2nd edition. 2nd edition. Clarendon Press. Cape Town Wetton. Butterworths. Farlam and Hathway will be referred to as F and H.2 a) b) c) The Conditio Indebiti The Conditio Sine Causa The Conditio causa data causa non sequitur LAW OF CONTRACT READING LIST 2006 GENERAL TEXTS 1 Christie. Butterworths. STATUTES 1 Section 15 of The General Law Amendment Act. 8 Wessels. Cape Town. Durban. 3 Farlam and Hathaway. Fifoot and Furmston. Lincolin’s Court. 6 The Prescribed Rate of Interest Act. . South African Company and Merchantile Law. 2 Kerr. Juta and Co. Stevens and Sons Ltd. materials and commentary. 1989. 1989. 11 Treitel. burban. Butterworths. 4th edition. Cap. 2 The Consumer Contracts Act. 1985. 5 Van Der Merwe. 1983. 1979. Cap. Oxford. 6 Joubert. Cap. 13 Atiyah. 1951. London. Juta and Co. 1985. Juta and Co. Cap. An Outline of the Law of Contract.K. Johannesburg. 1991. 3rd edition. 1991. 1984. Ltd. Ltd. Principles of the Law of Contract. AJ Manase and L Madhuku. Cape Town. Law of Contract. 4th edition. Johannesburg. Butterworths. Buttwerworths and Co. 1988. 9 Gibson. 7 Ellison Kahn. Juta and Co Ltd. Reference to Atiyah will be to An Introduction to the Law of Contract. 7:12. 4th edition. The Rise and Fall of Freedom of Contract. 8:07. The Law of Contract. Clarendon Press. 12th edition. 1996. Contract cases. 16 A Handbook on Zimbabwean Law. 10 Treitel. 4 The Small Claims Courts Act. 5 The Prescription Act. 8:04. 3 The Contractual Penalties Act. Contract and Merchantile Law through the cases. Africa Ltd. 8:03. Business Law in Zimbabwe. 12 Cheshire. Oxford. An Introduction to the Law of Contract. NB 1 2 3 4 5 Unless otherwise indicated: Any reference to Christie shall be a reference to the Law of Contract in South Africa. SAR & H v National Bank of South Africa Ltd 1924 AD 704. unequivocal and should bring the contract into existence. Laws v Rutherford 1924 AD 261. Dietrichsen v Dietrichsen 1911 TPD 486. It must be a firm offer and not an invitation to treat or negotiate. National and Overseas Distributors Corporation (Pty) Ltd v Potato Board 1958(2) SA 473 (A). therefore. Irvin and Johnson (SA) Ltd v Kaplan 1940 CPD 647. it is the manifestation of their wills and not the unexpressed will which is of importance. 3 ACCEPTANCE A contract comes into being when an offer made intention to contract is accepted by the person to whom the offer was addressed in the prescribed manner. In practice. Maritz v Pratley (1894) 11 SC 345. Levben Products P/L v Alexander Films P/L 1959 (3) SA208 (SR). Springvale Ltd v Edwards 1969 (1) SA 464 (RA). Lee v American Swiss Watch Co. AGREEMENT Although the mind of the parties must come together. courts of law can only judge from external facts whether this has or has not occurred. Collen v Rietfontein Engineering Works 1948 (1) SA 413. 1914 AD 121. Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Co. An acceptance must be unconditional. In English law in addition to agreement there must be consideration. Ferguson v Merensky 1903 TS 657. 1914 AD 100. Woods v Walters 1921 AD 303. Crawley v Rex 1909 TS 1105.3 CASES AND MATERIALS 1. Allen v Sixteen Stirling Investments (Pty) Ltd 1974 (4) SA 164 (1). Efroiken v Simon 1921 CPD 367. [1893] 1 QB 256. Steenkamp v Webster 1955 (1) SA 524 (A). It must be made with the intention to contract animus contrahendi. Robinson v Randfontein Estates Gold Mining Co. Ltd 1921 AD 168. Greenacres Farm (Pty) Ltd v Haddon Motors (Rt) Ltd 1983 (1) ZLR 17 (SC). Orian Investments P/L v Ujamaa Investments P/L & Ors 1988 (1) SA 583 (ZS). without more. Jordaan v Trollip 1960 1 PH A25(T). 2 OFFER An offer is a proposal put forward by a person with the intention that upon its acceptance. Bird v Sumerville 1960 (4) SA 395 (N). a meeting of the minds. Harvey v Facey [1893] AC 552. R v Nel 1921 AD 339 Hersh v Nel 1948 (3) SA 686 (A) Bloom v American Swiss Watch Co. a contract should come into being. There must be consensus ad idem. Bloom v American Swiss Watch Co. Salisbury Municipal Employees Association v Salisbury City Council 1957 (2) SA 554 (SR). (supra) . then there is a concluded contract. “Unheralded demise of Wolmer versus Rees” (1984) 101 SALJ 545 PTC v Support Construction P/L 1998 (2) ZLR 221 (SC) Associated Printing & Packaging P/L and Ors v Lavin & Anor 1996 (1) ZLR 87 (SC) Odendaal v Norbert 1973 (2) SA 749 ® OPTIONS. and of which the other party was unaware”. Kahn “Some mysteries of offer and acceptance” (1955) 72 SALJ 246 Stewart v Zagreb Properties (Rt) Ltd 1971 (2) SA 346 (RA) Wolmer v Rees 1935 TPD 319 Tel Peda Investigation Bureau (Pty) Ltd v Van Zyl 1965 (4) SA 475 (E) Olmesdahnl. which is understood in its ordinary sense by the person to whom it is addressed. FIRST REFUSALS AND RIGHTS OF PRE-EMPTION Venter v Birchholtz 1972 (1) SA 276 (A) Tobacco Sales Ltd v Agriculture Investments (Rt) Ltd 1982 (1) ZLR 180 Luttig v Jacobs 1951 (4) SA 563 (O) Boyd v Nel 1922 AD 414 Brandt v Spies 1960 (4) SA 14 (E) Joubert v Enslin 1910 AD 6 Hersh v Nel 1947 (3) SA 365 (O) Crundall Bross P/L v Lazarus NO & Anor 1991 (2) ZLR 125 (SC) Madan v Macedo Heirs & Anor 1991 (1) ZLR 295 (SC) Chibanda v Hewlett 1991 (2) ZLR 211 (HC) Hutchinson and Van Heerden “Remedies for breach of an option” (1988) 105 SALJ 547 MISTAKE AND QUASI-MUTUAL ASSENT Allon v Sixteen Stirling Investments (Pty) Ltd 1974 (4) SA 164 (D) Smith v Hughes (1871) LR 6 QB 597 5 “When a man makes an offer in plain and unambiguous language. He cannot be heard to say that he meant his promise to be subject to a condition which he omitted to mention. Any unexpressed reservations hindden in the mind of the promisor are in such circumstances irrelevant.4 * * 4. I Pieters and Co v Salomon 1911 AD 121 SAR and H v National Bank of SA Ltd (supra) Spes Bona Bank Ltd v Portals Water Treatment (South Africa) (Pty) Ltd 1983 (1) SA 978 (A) Horty Investments (Pty) Ltd v Interior Accoustics (Pty) Ltd 1984 (3) SA 537 (W) . Boerne v Harris 1949 (1) SA 793 (A) Laws v Rutherford 1924 AD 261 Houston v Bletchly 1926 EDL 305 Blew v Snoxell 1931 TPD 226 McKenzie v Farmers Coop Meat Industries Ltd 1922 AD 16 Blundell v Blom 1950 (2) SA 627 (W) Cape Explosives Works Ltd v SA Oil & Fat Industries 1921 CPD 1244 Francis “Two aspects of contracting by telegram” (1967) 84 SALJ 278 Blower v van Noorden 1909 TS 890. and accepted by him bona fide in that sense. However certain contracts are by legislation required to be in writing.g. Contractual Penalties Act – sale of land by installments. an oral contract is as valid as a written. v Chandos Bar 1928 TPD 417 George v Fairmead (Pty) Ltd 1958 (2) SA 465 (A) Springvale Ltd v Edwards 1969 (1) SA 464 Peri-Urban Areas Health Board v Breet 1958 (3) SA 783 (7) Gudza v University of Zimbabwe 1996 (1) ZLR 249 (SC) National and Overseas Distributors Corporation (Pty) Ltd v Potato Board 1958 (2) SA 473 (A) Mutual Mistake Maritz v Pratley (1894) 11 SC 345 Pieters & Co v Salomon 1911 AD 121 Marensky v Markel 1994 (1) SA 249 (C) Allen v Sixteen Stirling Investments (Pty) Ltd (supra) Diedericks v Minister of Lands 1964 (1) SA 49 (N) Common Mistake Humphreys v Laser Transport Holdings Ltd 1994 (4) SA 388 © Dickinson Motors (Pty) Ltd v Obahozer 1952 (1) SA 448 (A) Fevrier-Bred “Mistake and Ratification” 1992 TSAR 306 Sonarep (SA) Pty Ltd v Motorcraft (Pty) Ltd 1981 (1) SA 889 (N) African Realty Trust v Holmes 1922 AD 389 Williams v Evans 1978 (1) SA 1170 © Sampson v Union and Rhodesia Wholesale Ltd 1929 AD 468 Unilateral Mistake Gudza v University of Zimbabwe 1996 (1) ZLR 249 (SC) Khan v Naidoo 1989 (3) SA 724 (N) Shepherd v Farrells Estate Agency 1921 TPD 62 Trillop v Jordaan 1961 (1) SA 238 (A) Sprindrifter (Pty) Ltd v Lester Donovan (Pty) Ltd 1986 (1) SA 303 (A) Van Wyk v Otten 1963 (1) SA 415 (O) Ncube v Ndhlovu 1985 (2) ZLR 281 (SC) 6 FORMALITIES As a general rule the law does not require contracts to be in writing.5 - Sonap Petroleum (SA) Pty Ltd v Pappadogianis 1992 (3) SA 234 Steyn v LSA Motors Ltd 1994 (1) SA 49 (A) Irvin & Johnson (SA) Ltd v Kaplan 1940 CPD 647 Van Ryn Wine and Spirit Co. VOID AND VOIDABLE CONTRACTS Contracts void for vagueness H & J Investments P/L v Space Age Products P/L 1987 (1) ZLR 242 (HC) Gandhi v SMP Properties (Pty) Ltd 1983(1) SA 1154 Levenstein v Levenstein 1955 (3) SA 615 (SR) . Therefore formalities can be introduced by statute to change the general common law rule e. Goldblatt v Fremantle 1920 AD 123 Maceys Stores Ltd v Tanganda Tea Co 1983 (2) ZLR 255(SC) Mhute v Chifamba 1999 (2) ZLR 115 (SC) a) 7. 6 b) Lewis v Oneanate (Pty) Ltd 1992 (4) SA 811 (A) Elite Electrical Contractors v Covered Wagon Restaurants 1972 (2) RLR 221 (A). 1973 (1) SA 195 Mitchell Cotts Freight Zimbabwe (Pvt) Ltd v S & T Import and Export (Pvt) Ltd 1982 (2) SA 669 (Z) Kantor v Kantor 1962 (3) SA 201 (T) Balfor v Balfor [1919] 2 KB 571 John v Padavaton [1969] 2 AII ER 166 Rose & Frank Co. v Crompton & Bros Ltd [1923] 2 KB 261. Schneier & London Ltd v Bennet 1927 TPD 346 King v Potgieter 1950 (2) SA 7(T) Cone Textiles (Pvt) Ltd v Tribal Trust Land Development Corp Ltd 1979 RLR 114 (A) Strand Meat Co (Pty) Ltd v Smith 1930 CPD 24 Hilliard and Wenbone v Tabor Frost 1938 SR 89 Humphreys v Cassell 1923 TPD 280 Roberts v Forsyth 1948 (3) SA 926 (N) Angath v Muckunlal Estate 1954 (4) SA 283 Middleton v Carr 1949 (2) SA 374 Copper Trading Co P/L v City of Bulawayo 1997 (1) ZLR 134 (SC) Scannell v Osten 1941 AC 257 Misrepresentation Harper v Webster 1956 R & N 10 (FC) OR 1956 (2) SA 495 (FC) Lamb v Walters 1926 AD 358 Musgrove & Watson (Rt) Ltd v Rotta 1978 RLR 138 or 1978 (2) SA 918 Feintein v Niggli 1981 (2) SA 684 (A) Glaston House (Pty) Ltd v Inag (Pty) Ltd 1977 (2) SA 846 Poole and Mclennan v Nourse 1918 AD 404 Philpott (Pvt) Ltd v Ulladale (Rt) L HC-H 2/84 Bird v Murphy 1963 (2) PHH 42 Orban v Stead and Anor 1978 (2) SA 713 Bowditch v Peel & Magilr 1921 AD 561 Small v Smith 1954 (3) SA 434 African Organic Fertilizers and Associated Industries (Pty) Ltd v Sieling 1949 (2) SA 131 (W) Trollip v Jordaan 1961 (1) SA 238 Preller v Jordaan 1956 (1) SA 483 (A) Hall-Themotank (Pty) Ltd v Hardman 1968 (4) SA 818 (D) Trotman v Edwick 1951 (1) SA 443 (A) Phame P/L v Paizes 1973 (3) SA 397 (A) Ranger v Wykerd 1977 (2) SA 976 (A) Kern Trust (Edms) Bpk v Hurter 1981 (3) SA 607 © Hamman v Moolman 1968 (4) SA 340 (AD) Bill Harveys Investment Trust (Pty) Ltd v Orangiegezicht Citrus Estate (Pty) Ltd 1958 (1) SA 479 (AD) Murray v McLean NO 1970 (1) SA 133 ® Autorama (Pvt) Ltd v Farm Equipment Auchus P/L 1984 (3) SA 483 Coomers Motor Spares P/L Ltd v Albannis 1979 (2) SA 623 ® Gamet Manufacturing P/L v Postaflux P/L 1981 (3) SA 216 . the payment is treated as involuntary. White Bros v Treasurer-General (1883) ZSC 322 Hendricks v Barnet 1975 (1) SA 765 (N) Kapp v TC Valutta (Pty) Ltd 1975 (3) ITPD 283 Broodryk v Smuts 1942 TPD 47 Shepstone v Shepstone 1974 (1) SA 411 (D) Patel v Grobbelar 1974 (1) SA 411 (D) Paragon Business Forms (Pty) Ltd v Du Preez 1994 (1) SA 434 (SE) Arend v Astra Furnishers (Pty) Ltd 1974 (1) SA 298 © Padayachey v Lebere 1942 TPD 10 • Block “Duress – threats of civil and criminal prosecution” 1974 Responsa Meridiana 42 • D’Oliveira 1974 (91) SALJ 284 Amalgamated Motor Corporation P/L v F K Klement P/L 1996 (1) ZLR 17 (HC) CAPACITY AND CONTRACTS FOR THE BENEFITS OF THIRD PARTIES (STIPULATIO ALTERI) Edelstein v Edelstein 1952 (3) SA 1 (A) Dhanabakium v Subramanian 1943 AD 160 Wood v Davies 1934 CPD 250 Breytenbach v Frankel 1913 AD 390 Watson v Koen 1994 (1) SA 489 (O) Cavan v Toffee 1947 (2) SA 1148 (7) • 9 Contracts for benefit of third parties McCullogh v Fanwood Estate Ltd 1920 AD 204 Total South Africa (Pty) Ltd v Bekker 1992 (1) SA 617 (A) Crookes v Watson 1956 (1) SA 277 (A) Natal Trading & Milling Co. it cannot be said that there is a total absence of consent – but. and therefore subject to restitution.7 c) Administrator Natal v Trust Bank van Africa Bpk 1979 (3) SA 824 (A) Dibley v Furter 1951 (4) SA 73 Duress and Undue Influence Preller v Jordaan 1956 (1) SA 483 (A) Where a man is forced by menaces to his person to make payments which he is not legally bound to make. Ltd v Inglis 1925 TPD 724 Walenn Holdings P/L v Integrated Contracting Engineers P/L and Anor 1998 (1) ZLR 333 (HC) Watson v Gutson Enterprises P/L & Ors 1997 (2) ZLR 318 (H) Acting Minister of Industry & Technology & Anor v Tanaka Power P/L 1990 (2) ZLR 208 (SC) 8 ILLEGALITY Macape P/L v Executive Estate Forrester 1991 (1) ZLR 315 (SC) Dube v Khumalo 1986 (2) ZLR 103 (SC) Wilken v Kohler 1913 AD 135 South African Railways and Harbours v Conradie 1922 AD 137 Schierhout v Minister of Justice 1926 AD 99 . in as much as his consent is forced and not free. 8 * 10 a) Lion Match Co Ltd v Wessels 1946 OPD 376 Tuckers Land & Development Corporation ((Pty) Ltd v Truter 1948 (2) SA 150 (SWA) Tuckers Land & Development Corporation (Pty) Ltd v Wasserman 1984 (2) SA 157 (T) Pottie v Kotze 1954 3 SA 719 (A) Zandberg v Van Zyl 1910 AD 302 Waster Management Services v City of Harare 2000 (1) ZLR 172 (H) Kuhn v Karp 1948 4 SA 825 (T) Bob’s Shoe Centre v Heneways Freight Services (Pty) Ltd 1995 (2) SA 421 (A) Dodd v Hadley 1905 TS 439 Jajbhay v Cassim 1939 AD 537 Padayachey v Lebese 1942 TPD 10 Lion Match Co. Ltd v Wessels 1946 OPD 376 Petersen v Jajbhay 1940 TPD 182 Van Staden v Prinsloo 1947 (4) SA 842 (T) Devenish “The status of acts done contrary to statutory provisions” (1990) 53 THRHR 359 Sasfin (Pty) Ltd v Beukes 1989 (1) SA 1 (A) Kennedy v Steenkamp 1936 CPD 113 Murphy v Tengende 1983 (2) ZLR 292 Young v Van Rensburg 1991 (2) ZLR 149 Hattingh & Ors v Van Kleek 1997 (2) ZLR 240 (S) Dadoo Ltd v Krugersdop Municipality Council 1920 AD 530 Hewlett v Chipunza 1983 (1) ZLR 148. v Buckleton [1913] AC 30 Nande v Harnson 1925 CPD 84 Petit v Abramson II 1946 NPD 673 Schmidt v Dwyer 1959 (3) SA 896 © Suspensive and Resolutive Conditions Stewart v Zagreb Properies P/L 1970 (4) SA 542 ® MacDuff v JCI 1924 AD 573 Morris v Kambadzi 1992 (1) ZLR 61 Phillips v Townsend 1983 (4) SA 403 Margo v Seegers 1980 (3) SA 708 Wacks v Goldman 1965 (4) SA 386 Malaba v Takangovada 1991 (1) ZLR 1 Leal v Johnson 1978 (4) SA 707 Gowam & Co. v Bowern & Co. CONTENTS OF THE CONTRACT Terms. Conditions and Warranties Mullins “An Analysis of the simplex commendatio in modern society” (1984) 101 SALJ 515 Small v Smith 1954 (3) SA 434 (SWA) Voges v Witkins 1992 (4) SA 764 (T) Phame P/L Paizes 1973 (3) SA 397 (A) Heilbut. Symons & Co. 1924 AD 550 Leo v Loots 1909 TS 366 b) . v Yelverton 1972(4) SA 114® Musgrove & Watson (Rhodesia) P/L v Rotta 1978(2) SA 918® Glenbum Hotels P/L v England 1972(2) SA 660(RA) d) e) 11 a) . Ltd (above) Union Govt v Vianine Ferro Concrete Pipes P/L 1941 AD 43 Avis v Versput 1943 AD 331 Harlin Properties & Anor v Los Angeles Hotel Ltd 1962 (3) SA 143 Nhene v Teubes 1986 (2) ZLR 179 Kok v Osborne 1993 (4) SA 788 Levben Products P/L v Alexander Films (SA) P/L 1959 (3) SA 208 Non Variation and Non Waiver Clauses AFC v Pocock 1986 (2) ZLR 229 (SC) Curtis v Chemical Cleaning & Dyeing Co [1951] 1 KB 803 Sheperd v Farrells Estate Agent 1925 TPD 62 Thornten v Shoe Lane Parking Kings Car Hire v Wakeling Sporting v Bradshaw Olley v Marlborough Crf [1949] KB 332 CAVEAT SUBSCRIPTO-WRITTEN CONTRACTS Exemption Clauses and Standard form contracts Burger v Central SAR 1903 TS 571 – Rosenthal v Marks 1944 TPD 172 Van Wyk v Otten 1963 (1) SA 415(O) Donners Motors (Pvt) Ltd v Kufinya 1968 (1) SA 434 (RA) Central SAR V Adlington & Co.9 c) Implied Terms Maceys Stores Ltd v Tanganda Tea Co. 1906 TS 964 Elgin Bram & Hamer v Industrial Machinery Supp 1993 (3) SA 424 (A) Standard Credit Corpn Ltd v Naicker Transport and Crane Hire v Hubert Davies % Co 1991 (4) SA ISO (ZSC) Janowski v Fourie 1978 (3) SA 16(0) * Lewis “Caveat subscripto and the doctrine of justus error” (1987) 104 SALJ 371. Ltd Alfred McAlpine & Sons P/L v Tansvaal Provincial Admin 1974 (3) SA 506 1983 (2) ZLR 255 (SC) Crook v Pedersen Ltd 1927 WLD 62 Golden Cape Fruits P/L v Fotoplate P/L 1973 (2) SA 642 Coutts v Jacobs 1927 EDL 120 Davela Farm v Zimbank 1997 (2) ZLR Barnabas Plein & Co v Sol Jacobs & Sons 1928 AD 25 Catering Equipment Centre v Friesland Hotel 1967 (4) SA 336 (O) Van Breda v Jacobs 1921 AD 330 Crook v Pedersen Ltd 1927 WLD 62 Reigate v Union Manufacturing Co [1918] 1 KB 592 RB Ranches v Est McLean 1986 (1) ZLR 79 Parole Evidence Rule Macey Stores Ltd v Tanganda Tea Co. Central SAR v McLaren 1903 TS 727 George v Fairmead P/L 1958 (2) SA 465 Dlovo v Brian Porter Motors Ltd 1994 (2) SA 518© Bhikhagee v Southern Aviation P/L 1949 (4) SA 105(E) National Grindlays Bank Ltd. 10 b) 12 Essa v Divaris 1947(1) SA 753(A) Parker v SERCO (1877) 36 LT 540 Briston v Lycett 1971(4) SA 223(RA) CMB Zimbabwe v NRZ 1990(1) SA 582(ZS) Govt of RSA v Fibre Spinners & Weavers P/L 1977(2) SA 324(D) Agricultural Supply Association v Olivier 1952(2) SA 661(T). 1989(1) SA 638(ZS) National Foods Ltd v JA Mitchell P/L t/a Mitchells Bakery 1997(2) ZLR 14(HC) Mangwana v Mparadzi 1989(1) ZLR 97(S) Commercial & Industrial Holdings P/L & Anor v Leigh-Smith & Ors 1982(1) ZLR 247(SC) Alling & Streak v Olivier 1949(1) SA 215 Magna Alloys & Research (SA) (Pty) Ltd v Ellis 1984(4) SA 874(A) Roffey v Catterall Goudie(Pty) Ltd 1977(4) SA 494(N) Drewtons (Pty) Ltd v Carlie 1981(4) SA 305© 310G Esso Petrolium Co Ltd v Harper’s Garage (Sourport) Ltd [1967] 699. Kings Car Hire v Wakeling 1970(4) SA 640 Frocks Ltd v Dent Godwin P/L 1950(2) SA 717© Micor Shipping v Treger Golf 1977(2) SA 709(W) The Consumer Contracts Act Rador Holdings Ltd & Anor v Eagle Insurance Ltd 1998(1) ZLR 479(HC) Covenants in Restraint of Trade Books v Davidson 1988(1) ZLR 365(S). Nordenfelt v Maxim Nordenfelt Guns & Anor [1894] AC 535 National Chemsearch (SA) (Pty) Ltd v Borrowman 1979(3) SA 1092(T) Carthew-Gabriel v Fox & Carney (Pvt) Ltd 1978(1) SA 598 Attwood v Lamont [1920] (3) KB 571(CA) Ltd Botha v Carapax Shadeports (Pty) Ltd 1992(1) SA 202(A) Paragon Business Forms Pty Ltd v Du Preez 1994(1) SA 434(SE) Biographic (Pvt) Ltd v Wilson 1974(2) SA 343® Transfer of Contractual Rights a) b) c) Cession Friedlander v De Aar Municipality 1994 AD 79 Dettman v Goldfain 1975(3) SA 385(A) Paiges v Van Ryn Gold Mine Est Ltd 1920 AD 600 Willoughbey v Consolidated Co Ltd v Copthall Stores Ltd 1913 AD 267 Eastern Rand Exploration Co Ltd v Wel 1903 TS 42 Delegation Novation 13 14 Termination of the Contract Hooper & Anor v Briston 1998(1) ZLR 279(SC) Georgias & Anor v Standard Chartered Finance Zimbabwe Ltd 1998(2) ZLR 488(SC) . Shatz Inv P/L v Kalovynas 1976(2) SA 548 Hooper & Anor v Briston 1998(1) ZLR 279(SC) Farmers’ Co-op Society (Reg) v Berry 1912 AD 343 Shakinovsky v Lawson & Smulawitz 1904 TS 326 Hayness v Kingwilliamstown Municipality 1951(2) SA 371(A) Benson v SA Mutual Life Assurance Society 1986(1) SA 776(A) Le Roux v Odendaal 1954(4) SA 432(N) Standard Bank of SA Ltd v Trust Bank of Africa Ltd 1968(1) SA 102(T) Radiotronics (Pty) Ltd v Scott Lindberg & Co Ltd 1951(1) SA 312© Hall-Thermotank Natal (Pty) Ltd v Hardman 1968(4) SA 818(D) Swart v Vosloo 1965(1) SA 100(A) Microtsiscos v Swart 1949(3) SA 715(A) Myers v Abramson 1952(3) SA 121© Munn Publishing (Pvt) Ltd v Zimbabwe Broadcasting Corpn 1995(4) SA 675 Trotman v Edwick 1951(1) SA 443(A) Victoria Falls & Tvl Power Co Ltd v Consolidated Langlaagte Mines Ltd 1915 AD 1 22 Jockie v Meyer 1945 A D354 Jarvis v Swan Tours Ltd [1973] 1 71 (CA) Holmdene Brickworks (Pty) Ltd v Roberts Construction Co. Ltd 1977(3) SA 670(A) Shatz Investments (Pty) Ltd v Kalovyrmas 1976(2) SA 545(A) Hadley v Baxendle (1854) I50 ER 145 Cognate Remedies Kwekwe Municipality v Space Age Investments P/L 1983(2) ZLR 366(HC) – condictio indebiti Industrial Equity Ltd v Walker 1996(1) ZLR 85(HC) PPI-Spicers P/L v Darten Products P/L 1976(1) SA 559(R! – condictio indebiti Prescription Stambolie v Commissioner of Police 16 17 .11 15 Acting Minister of Industry and Technology & Anor v Tanaka Power P/L 1990(2) ZLR 208(SC) Peters. Flamman & Co v Kokstad Municipality 1919 AD 427 Minister of Natural Resources & Tourism v FC Hume P/L S-157-89 Mushonga v NRZ 1986(1) ZLR 111(SC) Municipality of Kwekwe v Space Age Investments P/L 1985(1) ZLR 300 (SC) Bevcorp P/L v Nyoni & Ors 1992(1) ZLR 382 Cecil Jacobs P/L v McLead & Sons 1966(4) SA 41 Tuckers Land & Development Corp v Harvis 1980(1) SA 645 Remedies for breach Hama v NRZ SC96/96 Commercial Careers College v Jarvis 1989(1) ZLR 344 Flame Lily Investment Co P/L v Zimbabwe Salvage P/L & Anor 1980 ZLR 378 Hubert Davies & Co P/L v Educational Business Suppliers P/L 199792) ZLR 223(SC). 12 - Arbar Acres v Harare Municipality 1984(2) SA 19 Hodson v Gronger & Harvey HCH 133/91 Syfin Holdings Ltd v Pickening 1982(1) ZLR 10 Angelique Enterprises P/L v Alco 1990(1) ZLR 6 Industrial Equity Ltd v David Walker HH 30/96. .