ميحرلا نمحرلا ا مسبUniversity Of Khartoum Faculty Of Engineering Surface Production Facilities Report By: Ahmed Eltayeb Gammereldin Index: 088007 Introduction: The following figure gives a simplified overview of the typical oil and gas production process At the left side, we find the wellheads. They feed into production and test manifolds. In a distributed production system this would be called the gathering system. Then the crude is separated and treated to a pure oil with a desired low degree of water and contaminants and stored for pumping through pipelines. In the following section the surface production of heglig field, sudan is described. Main Process Sections 1-well heads: It’s used for: control the well, evaluating well pressure and temperature, Connects casings and installing equipments. It directs the flow through flow lines to the oil gathering system (OGM). 2-Manifolds: To which individual well streams are brought. The purpose of these is to allow set up of production so that for a given production level, the best reservoir utilization, well flow composition, etc. can be selected from the available wells. it is common to meter the individual gathering lines into the manifold. Using flow meters such as micro- motion, multiphase ..etc. the crude is then sent to the field processing facilities (FPF). 3-Field Processing Facility: Here the lines from the various OGMs and wells are combined in a production line. It starts with a test separators used to test wells( like the ones not tested at the OGM) for analysis and detailed flow measurement. Then the tested well is added to the production line. The production line is then passed through a series of free water knock outs to reduce water to no more than 10 percent. The processed crude is then sent to the central processing facility (CPF). The produced water is sent to water tanks where some remaining oil in the water is sent to a skim tank and further recycled to the knockouts. The water from the bottom of the is sent to water ponds where some oil is retrieved and water is processed to meet regulations for disposal. Some gas may be separated at the knockouts. De-mulsifiers are added to the crude to ease the water separation process. 4-Central Processing Facility: Here the lines from the various FPFs are combined and processed. The first section of CPF is a pig revieving systems for pig handling purposes. At the crude entrance there is a baffle slug catcher that will reduce the effect of slugs by acting as a surge. Then the crude is passed through a series of heat exchangers with a hot sale oil (already processed crude) and get heated. The crude is then passed through electrostatic treaters where emulsions are breaked , gas,oil and water are separated. The separated gas is sent to gas boots where some liquid is retrieved and then it’s sent to the flare or a gas unit. The water is sent to the produced water tanks. The oil is sent to a booster pump then to a heat exchanger where it’s heated with a special thermal oil. This heated oil is sent to the heat exchangers at the CPF entry , then sent to the storage tanks. If the oil was too hot it’s sent to a cooling fan. Tanks are generally duing demand changes, pipelines shutdowwn …etc. The crude is now processed with a water cut no more than 0.5%, chemical additives such as corrsion inhibitors are added to reach the specification. The crude is then sent to pump stations for pipeline transport. Note that the FPF and CPF configuration depends on the on the type of the crude.