1SUMMER TRAINING REPORT AT NTPC, TANDA Submitted To: Submitted By: Mr. Pankaj Goyal Dy. G.M. HRD NTPC, Tanda Mohd. Ali Raza Electrical&Electronics Engineering SITM, Barabanki S. I am grateful to Mr.2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I hereby take this opportunity to thank NTPC Tanda for giving me this opportunity to conduct my training in NTPC Tanda. I am heartily indebted to my guide Mr. His support was instrumental in my training being fruitful.C. Ali Raza . I am also thankful to the entire officers and staff of NTPC Tanda for extending a helping hand whenever I need it. Dwivedi Sir for providing me with detailed in depth knowledge and very useful information about the process and system used in the plant. Pankaj Goyal for allowing me to conduct my training in the EMD. ``WITH REGARDS Mohd. The power generation is evacuated through 220kV feeders connected to Sultanpur (2 feeders). The complete project is situated on the bank of Saryu River. The coal linkages for the station have been provided from North Karnpura & BCCL.3 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF TANDA THERMAL PROJECT Geographical location:-The TANDA Thermal Power Project is located about 185kms from Lucknow. The climate conditions are quite favourable with greenery all around. Coal Handling Boile rs Turbines & Generators Plant. PRODUCTION OF ELECTRICITY The means and steps involved in the production of electricity in a coal-fired power station are described below. The nearest rail ahead is Akbarpur (now called as Ambedkar Nagar). Desein. ESP Switch Gear & Switch Yard . CHP Electrostatic Precipitator. It is nearly 55kms from Faizabad.The plant has been designed by M/s. The water requirement of the station is met from the Saryu River through Mehripur pumping Station constructed for feeding Mehripur Pump Canal. The project lies in the Ambedkar Nagar district and is about 22 km from the nearest railway station. The installed capacity is 4 X 110 MW. Basti & Gorakhpur (1 each) 220kV substations. Features:. e.4 The coal. The condenser contains many kilometres of tubing through which the colder is constantly pumped. travels from the coal handling plant by conveyer belt to the coal bunkers. with additional amount of air called secondary air supplied by Forced Draft Fan. Meanwhile he heat released from the coal has been absorbed by the many kilometres of tubing which line the boiler walls. Some of this ash binds together to form lumps which fall into the ash pits at the bottom of the furnace. huge and continuous volume of cooling water is essential. The steam super-heated in further tubes (Super Heater) passes to the turbine where it is discharged through the nozzles on the turbine blades. Most of ash. The water quenched ash from the bottom of the furnace is conveyed to pits for subsequent disposal or sale. But the two lots of water (i. if it is not to damage the boiler tubes. Chemistry at the power station is largely the chemistry of water. Inside the tubes the boiler feed water which is transformed by the heat into the steam at high pressure and temperature. but the boiler feed water must be absolutely pure. where it is trapped by electrodes charged with high voltage electricity. In most of the power stations the same water is to be used over and . from where it is fed to the pulverizing mills which grinds it as fine as face powder. The rotor is housed inside the stator having heavy coils of copper bars in which electricity is produced through the movement of the magnetic field created by the rotor. so that when the turbine rotates the rotor turns with it. far purer than the water we drink. brought to the station by train or other means. so the energy of the steam. As the coal has been grounded so finely the resultant ash is also a fine powder. To condense the large quantities of steam. Coupled to the end of the turbine is the rotor of the generator – a large cylindrical magnet. The steam passing around the tubes looses the heat and is rapidly changed back to water. boiler feed water & cooling water) must NEVER MIX. The electricity passes from the stator winding to the step-up transformer which increases its voltage so that it can be transmitted efficiently over the power lines of the grid. more like a gas than as a solid in convectional domestic or industrial grate. Just the energy of the wind turns the sail of the wind-mill. The finely powdered coal mixed with pre-heated air is then blown into the boiler by fan called Primary Air Fan where it burns. The cooling water is drawn from the river. The dust is then conveyed by water to disposal areas or to bunkers for sale while the cleaned flue gases pass on through ID Fan to be discharged up the chimney. The steam which has given up its heat energy is changed back into water in the condenser so that it is ready for re-use. still in fine particles form is carried out of the boiler to the precipitators as dust. The lower the pressure. the lower the temperature at which water boils. which by rapidly changing the steam back into water creates a vacuum. Each of the turbogenerator is connected to its individual steam generating plant. So the heat which the water extracts from the steam in the condenser is removed by pumping the water out to the cooling towers.5 over again. DESCRIPTION OF THERMAL PLANT The plant is in fact designed on the modern concept of unit system. however. Constant pressure de-aeration is adopted for de-aeration and is fed from auxiliary system header of the plant which maintains the de-aeration pressure of 6kg/cm 2 under all load conditions. The water is sprayed out at the top of towers and as it falls into the pond beneath it is cooled by the upward draught of air. This vacuum results in a much lower boiling point which. Why bother to change stem from the turbine back into water if it has to be heated up again immediately? The answer lies in the law of physics which states that the boiling point of water is related to pressure. The heat input from the grand steam condenser and the ejector condenser is also recovered to improve the cycle efficiency. There are two high pressure feed water heaters connected with the exhaust of the H. some of the water is drawn upwards as vapours by the draught and it is this which forms the familiar white clouds which emerge from the towers seen sometimes. Drip pump is also used to pump the drain from the 3rd LP (Low Pressure) heater back to the condensate system. This also adds to the efficiency of the system. The cooling towers are simply concrete shells acting as huge chimneys creating a draught (natural/mechanically assisted by fans) of air. Inevitably. There are five low pressure heaters – two connected to the IP (Intermediate Pressure) heaters.P cylinder. So a condenser is built. The turbine designer want as low boiling point of water as possible because he can only utilize the energy of the steam – when the steam changes back into water he can get NO more work out of it. . Regenerative feed heating with 8 stages heaters have been adopted. The cold water in the pond is then circulated by pumps to the condensers.P cylinder and the second one from an extraction of I. in turns. The steam turbine has inlet steam pressure of about 130kg/cm2 and super heat type with a reheat temperature of 540 0C. means he can continue getting work out of the stem well below 100 degree Celsius at which it would normally change into water. Drains from various stages of steam turbine are treated so that the maximum thermodynamics benefit is derived. Div panels 2. Mechanical Equipments: Steam generating unit Mechanical Dust Collector & Electrostatic Precipitators Turbine Generator Unit Condensing Equipments De-aerating heater & Closed heaters Boiler A steam generator is a complex integration of following accessories: 1. Ash Handling. Steam cycle Feed water cycle Condensate water cycle Primary air cycle Flue gas cycle Secondary air cycle IMPORTANT EQUIPMENTS OF PLANT 1. Water treatment Plant. Economiser 7. River water Intake pump is provided with remote as well as local manual control features to cope with the requirements of such large units. Boiler drums 8. its working operation has been divided into following main operation cycles. The operation of the Coal Handling. Platen SH . BASIC CYCLE OF A POWER PLANT For proper functioning of a power plant.6 The plant is also provided with automatic control features. The neutral point of the generator is earthed through a single phase Distribution Transformer. b.These are membrane walls. .7 3. no. The hydrogen cooling mechanism is used for the generator. 125 MVA).The generator is directly coupled with its respective turbine normally rated for 110 MW at 0.Important for both plant protection and equipment safety. of tubes are joined. 50Hz.It is an enclosed Pressure Vessel. The rating of generator-transformer is 125MVA. CCW pumps 10.It carries water from boiler drum to the ring header. Water walls 1. The excitation system consists of high frequency AC mains and pilot exciters directly driven from the main shaft. Boiler drum level control:. 2. Electrical Equipments:a.88 power factor (i. 11/220kV. silicon rectifying unit and associated control gears. Economizer:.e.) Generator:. 50 Hz having an ON/OFF cooling. Burners 5.Boiler Economiser is feed-water heaters in which the heat from waste gases is recovered to raise the temperature of feed-water supplied to the boiler. Reheater 4. Boiler Drum:. 11kV.) Generator Transformer:. 3 phase. APHs 6. 4. 5. Down comers:. Water wall:. The high voltage side of the transformer is connected to the 220kV system in 220kV switchyard. Bottom ring header 11.The generation voltage of 11kV is stepped up to 220kV by generator-transformer (in short GT) whose low voltages side is directly connected with the generator through an isolated phase bus duct. 3 phases. Heat generated by Combustion of Fuel is transferred to water to become steam 3. 2. Down comers 9. the secondary of which is shunted through a suitable resistance. Maintain drum up to level at boiler start-up and maintain the level at constant steam load. The bus-duct leading from the generator to the GT is tapped off conveniently for connection to high voltage side of Unit Auxiliary Transformer used for stepping down the voltage to 6.) Switchgear:. The coal yard in the layout is . The rating of the UAT is 15MVA.70 lakhs mega tonnes. 1000kVA.Railway is only the means of transport of coal to this power station. Power for station illumination. 6. d.6kV for supplying power to the unit auxiliary loads of the power station.6kV/415V. g.) Start-up cum Reserve Transformer:.) DC Supply System:. For starting up of these motors suitable switchgears/starters are provided.6kV. f. 6. 220/33/6. 3.Each of the four units draw its start up power from the 220kV system through two/three windings common start-up cum reserve transformer rated for 30/10/20 MVA. This voltage is used to charge the three buses in the Switch yard which follows Double Bus Bar with Transfer Bus Scheme. and 4-wire system having a provision for single phase 230V. 3 phase. h.6kV/415V. The transformer supplies the 33kV load requirements. Auxiliary systems: The following auxiliary systems for the 4X110 MW as envisaged is described below:a.6 kV.6kV and drives having a rating below 150kW are operated at 415V. e. 50Hz transformers have been envisaged.The drives for auxiliary equipment rated 150kW and above are operated at 6. compressed air and water treatment plant.T Auxiliary Transformer:. This transformer also meets the requirement of station loads like coal & ash handling. 3-phase. 4 wire transformers.8 c.) 220kV Switch Yard: Generator Transformer step-up the 11 kV voltage generated by the Generator to 220 kV. 50Hz. 3-phase. The actual requirement is assessed after detail design of the system. unit wise is provided by five 300kVA. 11/6.A station battery unit.) L. complete with battery charger and control & distribution system is installed as required for supply to all loads either for normal operation or during any emergency conditions. station lightening and other common services as well as act as a standby source of power to unit auxiliaries. 50 Hz.) Coal Handling System:.6kV power from the reserve system for utilization at medium voltage 16 nos. 3-phase. Switch yard provides protection between generator transformer and transmission lines.) Unit Transformer:. 3-phase. Annual coal requirement for 4X110 MW units is estimated to be approximately 13.For further step down of 6. handling and storage of chemicals.The ash disposal area is within the distance of 4~5kms from the power station and this is a low lying area. The railway siding facilities provided is able to accommodate on the rake of tank wagons. Boilers manufactured by M/s. three pumps are involved. The ash from the boiler hoppers is conveyed to the ash disposal area either by direct sluicing or hydro-pneumatic system. A clarified pump is present which pumps the clarified water to the DM plant. Waste effluent is neutralised before it is discharged to outside drain.Water from the raw water reservoir is pumped through clariflocculators. anion exchanger and mixed bed exchanger. degassifier. Adequate facilities are provided for unloading. d.The fuel oil is made available to the power station in tank wagon. The lighter grade oil such as light diesel oil is made available for starting of boiler from cold condition & furnace oil is made available for flame stabilisation purpose during low load operation and during any other period when flame stability is not satisfactory. e.A demineralising plant is provided for supplying make-up water for the heat cycle.) Ash Handling System:. The clarified water from these clarifloccolator flows to the cooling water basin by gravity. c. The oil received from the tank wagon is pumped into the storage tank. activated carbon filter.) Fuel Oil System:. Clarified water is pumped from the clarified water storage pit which passes through pressure filter.) Cooling Water Management:. BHEL or AVB are so designed that it was possible to adopt either of the system for both fly as well as bottom ash. b.9 adequate for about 30 days storage with two coal stock piles and considering 3800 MT of coal requirement daily.) Water Treatment Plant:. caution exchanger. For this. The outlets from the cooling water tower basins are connected to the common tunnel which takes the water back to the power house. . There are four streams each rated 30m3/hr.
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