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Star-Delta Motor Starter CALCULATION
Star-Delta Motor Starter CALCULATION
March 23, 2018 | Author: Kamalakannan Karuppiah | Category:
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11/21/2015StarDelta Motor Starter | EEP StarDelta Motor Starter Stardelta motor starter panel Introduction to StarDelta motor starter Stardelta starter panel http://electricalengineeringportal.com/stardeltamotorstarter 1/13 To limit the starting current surge. but when very large motors are started that way. Star/Delta starters are probably the most common reduced voltage starters. they cause a disturbance of voltage on the supply lines due to large starting current surges. http://electricalengineeringportal.11/21/2015 StarDelta Motor Starter | EEP Most induction motors are started directly on line. During starting the motor windings are connected in star configuration and this reduces the voltage across each winding 3. Traditionally in many supply regions. large induction motors are started at reduced voltage and then have full supply voltage reconnected when they run up to near rotated speed. there has been a requirement to fit a reduced voltage starter on all motors greater than 5HP (4KW). They are used in an attempt to reduce the start current applied to the motor during start as a means of reducing the disturbances and interference on the electrical supply. Scheme – Working Principle of StarDelta Starter After a period of time the winding are reconfigured as delta and the motor runs normally.com/stardeltamotorstarter 2/13 . Voltage reduction during stardelta starting is achieved by physically reconfiguring the motor windings as illustrated in the figure below. Working Principle of StarDelta Starter This is the reduced voltage starting method. This also reduces the torque by a factor of three. The Star/Delta (or Wye/Delta) starter is one of the lowest cost electromechanical reduced voltage starters that can be applied. Two methods used for reduction of starting voltage are: Star delta starting and Auto transformer starting. 5. Contactors (Main. 4. and then after a period of time. Power Circuit of Star Delta Starter The main circuit breaker serves as the main power supply switch that supplies electricity to the power circuit. The current in star is one third of the current in delta. The Star and Delta are electrically interlocked and preferably mechanically interlocked as well. Stardelta Starter Consists following units 1. Time relay (pullin delayed) 1 No. The third contactor is the star contactor and that only carries star current while the motor is connected in star. B to the primary terminal of the motor U1.11/21/2015 StarDelta Motor Starter | EEP The Star/Delta starter is manufactured from three contactors. 2. so this contactor can be AC3 rated at one third (33%) of the motor rating. Fuse element or automatic cutout for the control circuit 1No. W1. Power circuit of StarDelta starter In effect. In operation. These are AC3 rated at 58% of the current rating of the motor. The control of the contactors is by the timer (K1T) built into the starter. Y. The main contactor connects the reference source voltage R. Fuse elements or automatic cutouts for the main circuit 3 Nos. and then the delta contactor (KM2) is closed. The contactors are smaller than the single contactor used in a Direct on Line starter as they are controlling winding currents only. often referred to as the main contractor and the delta contactor. the star contactor is opened. V1. The currents through the winding are 1/root 3 (58%) of the current in the line. there are four states: http://electricalengineeringportal. a timer and a thermal overload. 3. Threepole thermal overcurrent release 1 No. star and delta contactors) 3 No’s (For Open State Starter) or 4 No’s (Close Transient Starter). the Main Contactor (KM3) and the Star Contactor (KM1) are closed initially.com/stardeltamotorstarter 3/13 . There are two contactors that are close during run. This provides one third of DOL current to the motor. V2. auxiliary contacts and a timer. Control Circuit of StarDelta Starter (Open Transition) Scheme – Control Circuit of StarDelta Starter (Open Transition) http://electricalengineeringportal. The control circuit consists of push button switches.11/21/2015 StarDelta Motor Starter | EEP The star contactor serves to initially short the secondary terminal of the motor U2.com/stardeltamotorstarter 4/13 . thus reducing the high inrush current inherent with large capacity motors at startup. W2 for the start sequence during the initial run of the motor from standstill. Controlling the interchanging star connection and delta connection of an AC induction motor is achieved by means of a star delta or wye delta control circuit. the timer’s auxiliary contacts (KT) (3) in Star Coil circuit will change its position from NC to NO and at the Same Time http://electricalengineeringportal. After pushing the ON push button switch. When Star Main Contactor (KM1) close its connect Motor connects on STAR and it’s connected in STAR until Time Delay Auxiliary contact KT (3) become NC to NO. Star Main and Auxiliary contactor change its position from NO to NC. thereby providing a latch to hold the main contactor coil activated which eventually maintains the control circuit active even after releasing the ON push button switch.11/21/2015 StarDelta Motor Starter | EEP The ON push button starts the circuit by initially energizing Star Contactor Coil (KM1) of star circuit and Timer Coil (KT) circuit. the auxiliary contact of the main contactor coil (2) which is connected in parallel across the ON push button will become NO to NC. When Star Auxiliary Contactor (1) (which is placed on Main Contactor coil circuit ) become NO to NC it’s complete The Circuit of Main contactor Coil (KM3) so Main Contactor Coil energized and Main Contactor’s Main and Auxiliary Contactor Change its Position from NO to NC. Once the time delay is reached its specified Time. When Star Contactor Coil (KM1) energized.com/stardeltamotorstarter 5/13 . This sequence happens in a friction of time. 11/21/2015 StarDelta Motor Starter | EEP Auxiliary contactor (KT) in Delta Coil Circuit(4) change its Position from NO To NC so Delta coil energized and Delta Main Contactor becomes NO To NC. This field is rotating at line frequency. A normally close auxiliary contact from both star and delta contactors (5&6)are also placed opposite of both star and delta contactor coils. Now Motor terminal connection change from star to delta connection. Thus. Power and control circuits can be arranged to this in one of two ways – open transition or closed transition. Due to the low impedance of the rotor circuit. there is a rotating magnetic field in the stator. When a motor is driven by the supply.com/stardeltamotorstarter 6/13 . At some point during starting it is necessary to change from a star connected winding to a delta connected winding. this is to prevent burning of the motor in case of excessive load beyond the rated capacity of the motor is detected by the thermal overload relay. The thermal overload contact is a protective device which automatically opens the STOP Control circuit in case when motor overload current is detected by the thermal overload relay. Open Transition Starters Discuss mention above is called open transition switching because there is an open state between the star state and the delta state. In open transition the power is disconnected from the motor while the winding are reconfigured via external switching. the time constant is quite long and the action of the spinning rotor http://electricalengineeringportal. the star contactor coil cannot also be active while the delta contactor coil is active. The control circuit above also provides two interrupting contacts to shutdown the motor. either at full speed or at part speed. the delta contactor coil cannot be active when the star contactor coil is active. these interlock contacts serves as safety switches to prevent simultaneous activation of both star and delta contactor coils. When the motor is disconnected from the supply (open transition) there is a spinning rotor within the stator and the rotor has a magnetic field. What is Open or Closed Transition Starting 1. The flux from the stator field induces a current in the rotor and this in turn results in a rotor magnetic field. The OFF push button switch break the control circuit and the motor when necessary. and similarly. so that one cannot be activated without the other deactivated first. The resistors must be sized such that considerable current is able to flow in the motor windings while they are in circuit. but the other end is open so no current can flow. Star State: The Main [KM3] and the Star [KM1] contactors are closed and the delta [KM2] contactor is open. 3. 4. it is reclosing onto an unsynchronized generator and this result in a very high current and torque transient. Open transition starting is the easiest to implement in terms or cost and circuitry and if the timing of the changeover is good. When the motor is reconnected to the supply. 2. this method can work well. This requires the use of a fourth contactor and a set of three resistors.11/21/2015 StarDelta Motor Starter | EEP field within the stator is that of a generator which generates voltage at a frequency determined by the speed of the rotor. There is voltage on one end of the motor windings. Delta State: The Main and the Delta contactors are closed. The Main contractor is closed and the Delta and Star contactors are open. The motor is connected to full line voltage and full power and torque are available 2. In practice though it is difficult to set the necessary timing to operate correctly and disconnection/reconnection of the supply can cause significant voltage/current transients. Open State: This type of operation is called open transition switching because there is an open state between the star state and the delta state. The motor is connected in star and will produce one third of DOL torque at one third of DOL current. The auxiliary contactor and resistors are connected across the delta contactor. In http://electricalengineeringportal. In open transition there are four states: 1. Closed Transition Star/Delta Starter There is a technique to reduce the magnitude of the switching transients. The Star contactor is open. OFF State: All Contactors are open. The motor has a spinning rotor and behaves like a generator. The magnitude of the transient is dependent on the phase relationship between the generated voltage and the line voltage at the point of closure can be much higher than DOL current and torque and can result in electrical and mechanical damage.com/stardeltamotorstarter 7/13 . In addition to requiring more switching devices.11/21/2015 StarDelta Motor Starter | EEP operation. The transition resistors are shorted out. All Contactors are open 2. just before the star contactor opens. Closed Transition State. The motor is connected to full line voltage and full power and torque are available. Current flows through the motor windings and the transition resistors via KM4. Star State. The Main and the Delta contactors are closed. current is able to flow round through the motor windings to the supply via the resistors. The Star contactor is open. If the resistance of the resistors is too high. Once the star contactor opens. 4. they will not swamp the voltage generated by the motor and will serve no purpose. the control circuit is more complicated due to the need to carry out resistor switching In close transition there are four states: 1. The motor is connected in star and the resistors are connected across the delta contactor via the aux [KM4] contactor. the auxiliary contactor closes resulting in current flow via the resistors into the star connection. This is achieved by introducing resistors to take up the current flow during the winding changeover. In closed transition the power is maintained to the motor at all time. The motor is connected in star and will produce one third of DOL torque at one third of DOL current. A fourth contractor is required to place the resistor in circuit before opening the star contactor and then removing the resistors once the delta contactor is closed. OFF State. The Main [KM3] contactor is closed and the Delta [KM2] and Star [KM1] contactors are open. These resistors are then shorted by the delta contactor. 5. Effect of Transient in Starter (Open Transient starter) It is Important the pause between star contactor switch off and Delta contactor switch is on correct. Star Transition State. These resistors need to be sized to carry the motor current. It is also important that the switch over pause is not too http://electricalengineeringportal. 3. The Main [KM3] and the Star [KM1] contactors are closed and the delta [KM2] contactor is open.com/stardeltamotorstarter 8/13 . Delta State. This is because Star contactor must be reliably disconnected before Delta contactor is activated. The setting of Overload Relay (In Winding) =0. The rating of Overload (In Line) = FLC of Motor. and on connection to the supply this voltage can randomly add to or subtract from the applied line voltage. During transition period of switchover the motor must be free running with little deceleration. Only lasting a few milliseconds it causes voltage surges and spikes. Overload Relay in Winding: In the windings means that the overload is placed after the point where the wiring to the contactors are split into main and delta. in the line or in the windings. The overload then always measures the current inside the windings. When connected to Delta configuration the phase voltage increases by a ratio of V3 or 173%. Known as a changeover transient. then it is not protecting the motor while it is in delta (setting is x1.11/21/2015 StarDelta Motor Starter | EEP long.732 too high).com/stardeltamotorstarter 9/13 . http://electricalengineeringportal. The equivalent of 33% that is obtained with Direct Online (DOL) starting.58 X FLC (line current). The line current increases three times its value in star connection. then the motor can be connected in Delta mode. Overload Relay in Line: In the line is the same as just putting the overload before the motor as with a DOL starter. This is known as transient current. While this is happening “Coasting” it may generate a voltage of its own. The phase currents increase by the same ratio. Size of Over Load Relay For a stardelta starter there is a possibility to place the overload protection in two positions. Size of each part of StarDelta starter 1. Disadvantage: If the overload is set to FLC. If Star connection has sufficient torque to run up to 75% or %80 of full load speed. For 415v Star Connection voltage is effectively reduced to 58% or 240v. com/stardeltamotorstarter 10/13 . It provides only 33% starting torque and if the load connected to the subject http://electricalengineeringportal.58 3. Good Torque/Current Performance. Low Starting Torque (Torque = (Square of Voltage) is also reduce). Size of Main and Delta Contractor There are two contactors that are close during run. Advantages of StarDelta starter The operation of the stardelta method is simple and rugged It is relatively cheap compared to other reduced voltage methods. The current in star is 1/ √3= (58%) of the current in delta.6 Full Load Current. . Break In Supply – Possible Transients Six Terminal Motor Required (Delta Connected). so this contactor can be AC3 rated at one third (33%) of the motor rating. 5. often referred to as the main contractor and the delta contactor. Peak starting torque: 33% Full Load Torque. 4. Size of Star Contactor= IFL x 0. It requires 2 set of cables from starter to motor. These are AC3 rated at 58% of the current rating of the motor. Size of Star Contractor The third contactor is the star contactor and that only carries star current while the motor is connected in star. 3. It draws 2 times starting current of the full load ampere of the motor connected Disadvantages of StarDelta starter 1.3 to 2.11/21/2015 StarDelta Motor Starter | EEP Disadvantage: We must use separate short circuit and overload protections. 2. Size of Main Contactor= IFL x 0.33 Get PDF Motor Starting Characteristics of StarDelta Starter TOP SHARE Available starting current: 33% Full Load Current. Peak starting current: 1. 2. In some cases the current peak can reach a value that is even bigger than for a D.7%) to the motor and the current is reduced to 1/3 of the current at full voltage. When reaching approx. In this method of starting initially motor is connected in star and then after change over the motor is connected in delta.11/21/2015 6. and because of these transients and stresses many electrical and mechanical breakdown occurs. 5. but the starting torque is also reduced 1/3 to 1/5 of the DOL starting torque. The transition from star to delta transition usually occurs once nominal speed is reached. Reduced starting current Six connection cables Reduced starting torque Current peak on changeover from star to delta Mechanical load on changeover from star to delta http://electricalengineeringportal. The initial connection should be in the star pattern that results in a reduction of the line voltage by a factor of 1/√3 (57. The delta of motor is formed in starter and not on motor terminals. To reach the rated speed. 4.L start. . and this will very often result in high transmission and current peaks. . For low to highpower threephase motors. . 2. 3. the load torque is low at the beginning of the start and increases with the square of the speed. Low Starting Torque: The stardelta (wyedelta) starting method controls whether the lead connections from the motor are configured in a star or delta electrical connection. . a switch over to delta position is necessary. StarDelta Motor Starter | EEP motor requires higher starting torque at the time of starting than very heavy transients and stresses are produced while changing from star to delta connections. 9. 6. 8085 % of the motor rated speed the load torque is equal to the motor torque and the acceleration ceases. High transmission and current peaks: When starting up pumps and fans for example.O. . 7. but is sometimes performed as low as 50% of nominal speed which make transient Sparks. 10. 8. Features of stardelta starting 1.com/stardeltamotorstarter 11/13 . Applications with a load torque higher than 50 % of the motor rated torque will not be able to start using the startdelta starter. He is Technical Blogger and Familiar with http://electricalengineeringportal. He has published numbers of Technical Articles in "Electrical Mirror".He has more than 13 years experience in Transmission Distribution Electrical Energy theft detectionElectrical Maintenance Electrical Projects (PlanningDesigningTechnical Review coordination Execution). He is Presently associate with one of the leading business group as a Deputy Manager at Ahmedabad. IEC.L start.B.Tech (Power System Control) . He is Freelancer Programmer of Advance Excel and design useful Excel base Electrical Programs as per IS.11/21/2015 StarDelta Motor Starter | EEP Application of StarDelta Starter The stardelta method is usually only applied to low to medium voltage and light starting Torque motors.India. If the motor is too heavily loaded. The received starting current is about 30 % of the starting current during direct on line start and the starting torque is reduced to about 25 % of the torque available at a D. Recommended EE articles // Share with engineers // About Author // Jignesh Parmar jiguparmar Jignesh Parmar has completed M.O.India. Membership No:M1473586. NEC.IEEE codes. "Industrial Electrix"(Australian Power Publications) Magazines.com/stardeltamotorstarter 12/13 . He is member of Institution of Engineers (MIE). "Lighting India". This starting method only works when the application is light loaded during the start. there will not be enough torque to accelerate the motor up to speed before switching over to the delta position.E(Electrical). "Electrical India". Powered by CsanyiGroup http://electricalengineeringportal.com/stardeltamotorstarter 13/13 . © 2015 EEP Electrical Engineering Portal. All Rights Reserved | Privacy Policy | Terms of Service | 86 queries in 0.11/21/2015 StarDelta Motor Starter | EEP English. He wants to Share his experience & Knowledge and help technical enthusiasts to find suitable solutions and updating themselves on various Engineering Topics.210 seconds. Hindi. French languages. Gujarati.
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