nkSaint Michael·s College Midterm Coverage Fact Sheets Social Science 3The Coming of the Spaniards 15th Century: Renaissance Period y y y y the period of Exploration Gospel, Gold and Glory Portugal vs. Spain Spice Race Treaty of Tordesillas y This agreement was the Church¶s solution to the endless competition between the 2 Christian nations. y The Kings of Portugal and Spain, with Pope Alexander VI¶s blessing, signed an agreement that divides the world between the two countries y y All countries lying to the east belongs to the King of Portugal (Africa, India and Brazil) All countries to the west belonged to the King of Spain (µNew World´) Ferdinand Magellan o He REDISCOVERED the Philippines o He was a Portuguese who approached the Spanish King, Charles V because his plan to sail west was rejected by the King of Portugal. o He was given a fleet of 5 ships: SAN ANTONIO (abandoned the mission), SANTIAGO (wrecked), TRINIDAD, CONCEPCION and VICTORIA. o The ships Trinidad, Concepcion and Victoria reached the Philippines in March 16, 1521. But only Victoria was able to go back to Spain. o Met a few Chiefs such as Raja Humabon and Raja Sula o He was killed by a Filipino Chief, Raja Lapu-Lapu o The Magellan Expedition established the following: Europeans learned the existence of the Philippines; It proved that the Earth is round; It established the vastness of the Pacific Ocean; It proved that the East Indies could be reached by crossing the pacific; It showed that the Americas were really separated from Asia. Ruy Lopez de Villalobos y y y The second explorer who went to the Philippines Butuan His greatest contribution was the naming of the country, LAS PHELIPINAS in honor of King Philip II Miguel Lopez de Legazpi y y y The most successful of all the three conquerors He accomplished an almost bloodless conquest in the Philippines He became the First Governor-General of the Philippines Reduccion Bajo El Son dela Campana y y y Resettlement Under the Sound of the Bell A ³civilizing´ device to make the Filipinos ultimate ³little brown Spaniards´ All new Christian converts were required to construct their houses around the Church and the unbaptized were invited to do the same. Spanish Institutions Political System KING of SPAIN MINISTRY OF COLONIES (Consejo de las Indias) GOBERNADOR - GENERAL ALCALDE-MAYOR GOBERNADORCILLO CABEZA DE BARANGAY CORREGIDORES King of Spain ± the supreme ruler and law maker of all Spanish possessions Ministry of Colonies ± governs all Spanish possessions; oversees the colonies of the Spanish empire. Gobernador-General ± the spokesman and representative of the King in the Philippines. Functions of the Gobernador-General: y y y y The Commander-in-Chief of the Army and Navy; The President of the Real Audiencia (Supreme Court); The Vice-Real Patron; The source of Civil Power. Alcalde Mayor ± heads the PACIFIED provinces Corregidores ± heads the UNPACIFIED provinces Functions of the Alcalde Mayor and Corregidores: y y y y y y Judge; Inspector of Encomiendas; Chief of Police; Tribute Collector; Vice-Regal Patron; Captain-General of the Province - also referred to as the Little Governor Qualifications to be a Gobernadorcillo: y y y y Any Filipino or Chinese Mestizo; at least 25 years old; Literate in Oral or Written Spanish; Had been a Cabeza de Barangay for 4 years. Gobernadorcillo - the highest position that a Filipino could attain Duties of the Gobernadorcillo: y y Preparation of the Padron (tribute list); Recruitment and Distribution of Men for draft labor, communal public work and the quinto; y y Postal Clerk; Judge in civil suits involving P44.00 or less. Cabeza de Barangay ± heads the barrio government Responsibilities of the Cabeza de Barangay: y y y Tax and Distributions Collector for the gobernadorcillo; Responsible for the peace and order in his own barrio; Recruited Polistas for communal public works. Visita (Specific and General) and Residencia - Judicial Review; checks the abuses of government officials Amalgamation of the Church and State Economic System o buwis (tribute) ~ cedula personal (1885) Tax Exemptions: y Descendants of the Filipino chiefly class who participated during the pacification campaigns of early conquistadores y y y y bandala polo y servicio personal polista: male; 16-60 y/o; 60 days (15 days: 1885) falla o encomienda (royal and private) encomendero o Manila-Acapulco Galleon Trade Social Transformation y y Language Compadrazgo (ritual co-parenthood) Laborers in the arsenal/ artillery yard of Cavite Mediquillos (Filipinos with medical experience but no title) Vaccinators College and University students of Sto. Tomas, San Jose, San Juan de Letran and San Carlos of Cebu o o Educational Transformation y y ³Spare the Rod, Spoil the Child´ compulsory education Filipinos Not Totally Hispanized From Indio to Filipino: The Rise of Filipino Nationalism Categories of Revolts o Personal Motives: o o Political led by former Datus Religious led by Babaylans Resistance to oppressive Spanish-introduced economic as well as religious institutions Mindanao Resisitance Moro Wars (1718-1762; 1850-1878) Failure of Revolts o Insular Makeup of the Philippines y y o No Sense of National Unity Communication Gap (No Lingua Franca) Inferior Weapons/ Lack of Weapons Filipino Nationalism: Accelerators o o o o o The Philippines in World Commerce Rise of Class Media European Liberalism and Carlos Maria de la Torre Racial Discrimination Regular-Secular Conflicts ~ Cavite Mutiny Fact sheets prepared by: Glen Jornales Source: http://www.scribd.com