Smart Irrigation System using IoT - Report 2016.pdf

April 2, 2018 | Author: Babanna Kumabr | Category: Internet Of Things, Relay, Arduino, Transistor, Valve


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SDM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, Dharwad-580002 (An autonomous Institution affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belgaum – 590018) Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering A report on the mini-project entitled “SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM USING INTERNET OF THINGS” Conducted by Mr. Babanna Kumbar - 2SD13EC016 Mr. Basavaraj Galagi - 2SD13EC017 Mr. Bheemashankar - 2SD13EC018 Mr. Naveen Honnalli - 2SD13EC060 Students of 6th semester Under the guidance of Mr. Kotresh Marali Department of E&CE, SDM College of Engineering & Technology, Dharwad During the academic year 2015-16 & submitted in May 2016. SDM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, Dharwad-580002 (An autonomous Institution affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belgaum – 590018) Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering A report on the mini-project entitled “SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM USING INTERNET OF THINGS” Conducted by Mr. Babanna Kumbar - 2SD13EC016 Mr. Basavaraj Galagi - 2SD13EC017 Mr. Bheemashankar - 2SD13EC018 Mr. Naveen Honnalli - 2SD13EC060 Students of 6th semester Under the guidance of Mr. Kotresh Marali Professor, Department of E&CE, SDM College of Engineering & Technology, Dharwad During the academic year 2015-16 & submitted in May 2016. SDM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, DHARWAD-580002 (An autonomous Institution affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belgaum – 590018) Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering CERTIFICATE Certified that this report on the mini-project entitled “SMART IRRIGATTION SYSTEM USING INTERNET OF THINGS” is a bonafied work carried out by Mr. Babanna Kumbar (2SD13EC016), Mr. Basavaraj Galagi (2SD13EC017), Mr. Bheemashankar (2SD13EC018) and Mr. Naveen Honnalli (2SD13EC060) students of 6th semester, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, SDM College of engineering and Technology, Dharwad, for the partial fulfillment of the requirements for the completion of third year Engineering course, during the academic year 2015-16. The report has been thoroughly reviewed and it is approved that the report satisfies the necessary academic requirements prescribed for the said course. Project Guide Head of the Dept. Principal Mr. Kotresh Marali Dr. G. A. Bidkar Dr. S. B. Vanakudre Examiner I Examiner II Signature with date: Name: SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM USING INTERNET OF THINGS ACKNOWLEDGMENT The completion of any project depends upon cooperation, co-ordination and combined efforts of several sources of knowledge. This report acknowledges a number of guidance, supervision, stimulation and lot of inspiration from numerous people. First of all, we thank the almighty for the blessings that have been showered upon us to complete this project work successfully. It is our privilege to express our sincerest regards to our project guide Prof. Kotresh Marali for his valuable inputs, able guidance, encouragement, whole-hearted cooperation and constructive criticism throughout the duration of our project. We are thankful to Prof. Mayur Patil, Assistance Professor, Department of Computer Science Engineering and Prof. Govind Negalur, Assistance Professor, Department of Computer Science Engineering, for supporting us to provide necessary resources. We are thankful to Prof. Dr. Gopal A Bidkar, H.O.D of Electronics and Communication Engineering, SDMCET Dharwad, for supporting us to carry out this work successfully and extending the resources of the department. Our grateful regards to Prof. Dr. S.B Vanakudre, Principal, SDMCET, Dharwad for his constant support and motivation. We take the opportunity to thank all our lectures who have directly or indirectly helped our project. We pay our respects and love to our parents and all other family members and friends for their love encouragement throughout our career. Last but not the least we express our thanks to our friends for their cooperation and support. Mr. Babanna Kumbar Mr. Basavaraj Galagi Mr. Bheemashankar Mr. Naveen Honnalli i Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, SDMCET, Dharwad SDMCET. Dharwad . The project uses a Wi-Fi module (ESP8266-12) which connects the system to internet. The project also depicts the concept of Internet of Things (IoT). This module controls a motor and two solenoid valves for supplying water to the field on the information obtained from a water level indicator and two soil moisture sensors. This whole system is monitored and controlled by MQTT server (My MQTT android App) through internet. ii Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering.SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM USING INTERNET OF THINGS ABSTRACT: The project describes the smart irrigation system using the concept of IoT. 4.2 Embedded Platform 6 2.1 Introduction 1 1.3.1 Are Mobile Phones are IoT Devices 5 2.2 Motivation 1 1.3.3.2 IoT Devices 5 2.3.4.SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM USING INTERNET OF THINGS CONTENTS CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE SURVEY 1 1.3 What Devices Makes it to IoT 4 2.3.4.3.4.4 MQTT Example 9 CHAPTER 3: INTRODUCTION TO HARDWARES 11 3.1 Definition 3 2.1 Arduino 11 iii Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering.3.4 Implementation using IoT 8 2.3 Cloud Platform 7 2.3 MQTT Ports 9 2. SDMCET. Dharwad .3.2 MQTT Architecture 8 2.3 Area of Utility 1 1.1 MQTT 8 2.1 Wearable Platform 6 2.3 IoT Platforms 6 2.4 Literature Survey 2 CHAPTER 2: BASICS OF IoT 3 2.3.2 Introduction 3 2. 2 ESP8266 13 3.4 Schematic Diagram of ESP8266-EX 15 3.9 Relay Circuit 23 CHAPTER 4: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 24 4. Dharwad .8 Diode (IN4007) 23 3.2.8 Schematic Diagram of Explore ESP8266 Wi-Fi Module 17 3.1 Introduction to Arduino Boards 11 3.6 ESP8266 Applications 16 3.3 Characteristics of ESP8266 15 3.2.3 Soil Moisture Sensor 18 3.1.9 AT Commands 18 3.2.2.4 Solenoid Valve 19 3.SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM USING INTERNET OF THINGS 3.1 Initial Setups in Arduino IDE Software 24 4.2.2.2.7 Explore ESP8266 Wi-Fi Module 17 3.5 Submersible Motor Pump 20 3.1.2 Arduino UNO 11 3.2 Block Diagram of ESP8266 14 3.2.1.6 Relay Switch 21 3.3 Arduino UNO Technical Specifications 13 3. SDMCET.2 How to Flash ESP8266-12 24 iv Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering.2.5 ESP Modules 16 3.1 Introduction to ESP8266 13 3.7 Transistor (BC-547) 22 3. SDMCET.3.3.SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM USING INTERNET OF THINGS 4.4 Results 28 4.4. Dharwad .3.2 Circuit Connection Procedure 25 4.2 Controlling the Module using MyMQTT Android App 29 CHAPTER 5: PROJECT EXPENDITURE 33 CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION 34 REFERENCES 34 PHOTO GALLERY 35 v Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering.3 Physical Connection 27 4.4.1 How Module Works? 28 4.3 Experimental Setup 25 4.1 List of Components 25 4.  This module can be implemented in perennial plant irrigation land and gardening land. different techniques are available which are used to reduce the dependency of rain. Agriculture plays the important role in the economy and development. first to get information of about the fertility of soil and second to measure moisture content in soil. two things are very important. And mostly this technique is driven by electrical power and on/off scheduling. agriculture depends on the monsoons which has insufficient source of water. In Irrigation system. SDMCET. it’s important to rapid improvement in production of food technology.1 Introduction India is the country of village and agriculture plays an important role for development of country. Due to lack of water and scarcity of land water result the decreasing volume of water on earth. for irrigation. In agriculture. So the irrigation is used in agriculture field. water level indicator placed in water reservoir and soil moisture sensors are placed root zone of plant and near the module and gateway unit handles the sensor information and transmit data to the controller which in turns the control the flow of water through the valves. 1. plant are to be provided with water. Nowadays. 1 Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering. 1. the farmer use irrigation.3 Area of Utility  The primary focus of this project is to help the farmers and reduce their work. In this technique.2 Motivation For continuously increasing demand and decrease in supply of food necessities. Irrigation may be defined as the science of artificial application of water to the land or soil that means depending on the soil type. like India. In our country.SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM USING INTERNET OF THINGS CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE SURVEY 1. depending upon the soil type. Dharwad . water is provided to plant. Agriculture is only the source to provide this. This is the important factor in human societies to growing and dynamic demand in food production. automatically motor will be off without conformation of farmer. Various sensor are placed in paddy field.4 Literature Survey  In irrigation field.SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM USING INTERNET OF THINGS 1. Sensors sense water level continuously and give the information to farmer through cellular phone. If the water level reaches at danger level.[1] 2 Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering. Dharwad . One algorithm was developed to measure threshold values of temperature sensor and soil moisture sensor that was programmed into a microcontroller to control water quantity.[1]  A model of automatic irrigation system which is based on microcontroller and solar power was used only for source of power supply. SDMCET. temperature sensors are placed in root of plant and microcontroller handles the sensor information and transmits data. soil moisture sensor. Farmer controls the motor using cellular phone without going in paddy field. buildings and other items embedded with electronics. smart homes. Internet of Things or IoT is an architecture that comprises specialized hardware boards. Furthermore devices may not needed to be connected to internet independently. and resulting in improved efficiency. and network connectivity that enables these objects to collect and exchange data. 2. So. software. vehicles. Software systems. when IoT is augmented with sensors and actuators.SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM USING INTERNET OF THINGS CHAPTER 2 BASICS OF IoT 2. sensors.1 Definition The Internet of Things (IoT) is the interconnection of uniquely identifiable embedded computing devices within the existing Internet infrastructure. the technology becomes an instance of the more general class of cyber physical systems. The IoT allows objects to be sensed and controlled remotely across existing network infrastructure. Each thing is uniquely identifiable through its embedded computing system but is able to interoperate within the existing Internet infrastructure. web APIs. intelligent transportation and smart cities. accuracy and economic benefit. Also devices could be connected to internet using various means like Wi-Fi. SDMCET. Ethernet and so on. Rather a cluster of devices could be created (for example a sensor network) and the base station 3 Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering. which also encompasses technologies such as smart grids. protocols which together creates a seamless environment which allows smart embedded devices to be connected to internet such that sensory data can be accessed and control system can be triggered over internet. Dharwad .2 Introduction The Internet of Things (IoT) is the network of physical objects devices. The “Internet of Things” connects devices and vehicles using electronic sensors and the Internet. creating opportunities for more direct integration of the physical world into computer based systems. they need to have unique IP address. Dharwad . IoT devices essentially have IPv6 addressing scheme. All these devices have either fixed or Subnet masked IP addresses of type v6. SDMCET. Figure 2.1 explain what IoT is all about.SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM USING INTERNET OF THINGS or the clusterhead could be connected to internet. 4 Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering. This leads to more abstract architecture for communication protocols which ranges from high level to low level. Most interestingly. Unique IP addresses makes IoT devices discoverable in the internet as independent node. We have also seen that the IoT devices may have external peripheral like Actuators and Sensors. This is the most important concept to have in mind to understand IoT.2. For unique discovery of the devices in a Network. Following figure. these devices must be uniquely discovered.1 Internet of Things (IoT) Basic Architecture 2.3 What Devices Makes it to IoT Since IoT are essentially embedded systems and smart objects connected to internet with unique IP address which can be discovered and communicated over internet. mobile phones will serve as the hub. Paul Jacobs. for Internet of Things.2 Common IoT Devices and Technologies 5 Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering. Accelerometer. In this future where everything is Web-connected. So can we call mobile phones IoT devices? This doubt was clarified at a keynote event during Sept 2011's Mobile World Congress in Barcelona by Qualcomm Chairman and CEO Dr. Mobile phones gets IP addresses. In other words it virtually fits every description of IoT. or the remote control. They support wide variety of sensors like ambient light Sensors. Dharwad . Tablets.SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM USING INTERNET OF THINGS 2. They are connected to internet. So IoT is internet connectivity of smart objects and embedded system other than mobile phones which can be connected with external hardware and Mobiles. can access internet. Gyroscope and so on.1 Are Mobile Phones are IoT Devices One of the most common in day to day life are mobile phones.2 IoT Devices Figure 2. 2. Paul Jacobs talked about how mobile technology could be used to connect non-phone. Mobile phone is essentially an embedded system with a processor at the core having display and keypad.3. non-tablet devices called IoT devices and objects to the Internet. Laptops and PCs are remote control/access center of IoT.3. SDMCET. 2 Embedded Platform Arduino is probably the best starting point for embedded based IoT.3 IoT Platforms IoT development can be divided into two parallel technologies: Wearable and Embedded. The IoT devices into two broad categories: The wearable ones and Microcontroller /Microprocessor driven embedded IoT devices.3. 2. Dharwad . Arduino or Galileo. their need to select Arduino with Ethernet shield or Wi-Fi shield. Android Wear apps can be developed and tested in Eclipse. But wearable includes hardware which are pretty standard and IoT has only software scope for the developer.SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM USING INTERNET OF THINGS The most common and popular technologies in IoT will give an overview devices. SDMCET. a large Android Wear devices are now being made and marketed. Tizen SDK comes ported with wearable emulator which makes it easier to develop wearable solutions for Tizen platform. As figure 2. etc. This Android Developer Guide helps you in setting up Android Wear development environment in Eclipse.3. Their solution is extended from Peeble to Google glass.2 suggests. Some of the embedded devices like Arduino Lillypad are minisque and it can further utilize them to make wearable solution. Some peripheral hardware are which might require are in IoT hardware in embedded level. Smart watches are getting popular by every day. 2. Embedded IoT platform may include broader technologies like Raspberry Pi. Samsung Gear or can often create their own platform using Embedded solution and then can develop app for that platform. 2. Apps can be used with popular wearable platforms. Arduino Yun on the other hand is a board that comes ported with Ethernet shield.3. Developers can build apps for custom Wearable devices like Peeble.3. Basic Arduino boards don't come with Ethernet shield or Wi-Fi shield and for Arduino to be able to work as IoT device. 6 Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering. Salesforce is another platform which is coming up with awesome development environment. APIs in wearable technologies.1 Wearable Platform Tizen is fast becoming one of the most popular platform for Mobile and wearable devices.3. But seamless working with sensors is bit tedious in Pi. For instance. to make a device discoverable in web. if one is using location service for beverage machine. SDMCET.SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM USING INTERNET OF THINGS Raspberry Pi is probably one of the best things to happen in DIY IoT. Well. It supports wide range of Industry standard hardware (over 30) through 70-pin interface. 2. Dharwad . in a Machine to Machine (M2M) or Machine to Objects (M2O) or any similar communication several modules will be common and several modules demands data to be available for sharing. File Server can be developed with Pi. Cloud APIs comes in handy in this regard. A little understanding of web and software design would take your mind towards cloud. Intel Galileo is another good offering by Intel which supports the same shielding that of Arduino Uno. infact all of them are possible. One can get the data of a medical diagnosis like ECG (acquired through another embedded board pertaining to medical electronics) into cloud such that several doctors can view it and form a comprehensive opinion about the patient's state. then assign a fixed IP address. This provides connection as a service such that your device is easily discoverable and communicable over the web without much hassle and take care of underneath security.3 Cloud Platform IoT really can bring several services (like online payment gateway). A wide range of Data driven applications like Home Automation Server to Home Multimedia server. Yaler is a great example of what services and cloud can bring to table.3. GPS into a seamless environment. Galileo also has ethernet shield in built. Now it can integrate online payment into beverage vending machine. PI like Arduino has general purpose IO pins. several hardware platform (like embedded board of the vending machine) and smart objects and data like NFC. maintain a router and follow several networking skills. 7 Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering. then utilizing the location and payment service can be done. It has among other thing a USB host controller like Raspberry Pi which makes this an attractive hardware. Another efficient IoT board is Intel Edision which has integrated BLE. Wi-Fi among host of other features.3. Just like Web of Machines. So it can be said to be first Intel powered device which is Arduino compatible. MQTT is message oriented. opaque to the broker. SDMCET. Every message is a discrete chunks of data. high-latency or unreliable networks. Location extracted from your devices are silently put in your status updates in facebook and twitter and are also used for more personalized searches. The server will call-back to perform the function. The design principles are to minimize network bandwidth and device resource requirements whilst also attempting to ensure reliability and some degree of assurance of delivery.4 Implementation using IoT This project uses concept of IoT for monitoring and controlling the system using a public server called MQTT server. 2.2 MQTT Architecture MQTT has a client/server model. extremely simple and lightweight messaging protocol. It uses an android app called MyMQTT. These principles also turn out to make the protocol ideal of the emerging “machine-to-machine” (M2M) or “Internet of Things” world of connected devices. known as a broker. one has to subscribe a topic and publish a message of specific function. 8 Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering.SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM USING INTERNET OF THINGS Axeda Provides infrastructure for M2M architecture. and for mobile applications where bandwidth and battery power are at a premium. It is a publish /subscribe. 2. Google has already integrated location services with its cloud.4. where every sensor is a client and connects to a server. 2. In this app. Dharwad .4. designed for constrained devices and low-bandwidth. OpenIoT is an open source IoT platform that provides out of other services a unique Sensing as a Service. over TCP. So cloud APIs has a great potential in IoT in all levels of architecture starting from firmware to hardware to more top level architecture.1 MQTT MQTT stands for Message Queue Telemetry Transport. the resource corresponds to a file or the output of an executable residing on the server. Often. unencrypted  8883 : MQTT.4. Connect: Waits for a connection to be established with the server. Publish: Returns immediately to the application thread after passing the request to the MQTT client. 2. Subscribe: Waits for completion of the Subscribe or UnSubscribe method. client certificate required  8080 : MQTT over WebSockets. Clients may subscribe to multiple topics. 2. What this resource represents. Disconnect: Waits for the MQTT client to finish any work it must do. MQTT defines methods (sometimes referred to as verbs) to indicate the desired action to be performed on the identified resource. encrypted. 9 Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering.4 MQTT Example Imagine a simple network with three clients and a central broker. All three clients open TCP connections with the broker. and for the TCP/IP session to disconnect.3 MQTT Ports The server listens on the following ports:  1883 : MQTT. Every client subscribed to a topic receives every message published to the topic. encrypted  8884 : MQTT. SDMCET.SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM USING INTERNET OF THINGS Every message is published to an address. encrypted This project uses 1883 an unencrypted MQTT port. UnSubscribe: Requests the server unsubscribe the client from one or more topics. Dharwad . unencrypted  8081 : MQTT over WebSockets. known as a topic. whether pre-existing data or data that is generated dynamically. Clients B and C subscribe to the topic temperature (Figure 2. depends on the implementation of the server.4.3). 4 Client A publishing a value and broker forward this to other clients. SDMCET.SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM USING INTERNET OF THINGS Figure 2.4). Client A publishes a value of 22. Dharwad . Figure 2. one-to- many and many-to-one. The broker forwards the message to all subscribed clients (Figure 2.5 for topic temperature. At a later time.3 Client B and C Subscribing Topic temperature. The publisher subscriber model allows MQTT clients to communicate one-to-one. 10 Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering. SDMCET.1 Arduino Uno 11 Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering. Dharwad . debugging and burning program into Arduino. 3.1 Introduction to Arduino Boards Arduino is an architecture that combines Atmel microcontroller family with standard hardware into a board with inbuilt bootloader for plug and play embedded programming. Arduino Software comes with an IDE that helps writing. the open source IDE (Integrated Development Environment) can be downloaded for free from www.SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM USING INTERNET OF THINGS CHAPTER 3 INTRODUCTION OF HARDWARES 3.1.org). Arduino can be used to develop standalone interactive objects or can be connected to software on your computer.1 Arduino Arduino is an open source physical computing platform based on simple input/output board and a development environment that implements the Processing language (www.processing.2 Arduino Uno Figure 3. The boards can be assembled by hand or purchased preassembled. 3.cc.1.arduino. The IDE also comes with a Serial Communication window through which can easily get the serial data from the board.  AREF Reference voltage for the analog inputs. The Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P. Used to receive (RX) and transmit (TX) TTL serial data. 1024 different values). and 11. 11 (MOSI). 12 Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering. using pinMode(). It has 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs). SDMCET. or a change in value. Provide 8-bit PWM output with the analogWrite () function.  TWI: A4 or SDA pin and A5 or SCL pin. A maximum of 40mA is the value that must not be exceeded on any I/O pin to avoid permanent damage to the microcontroller. some pins have specialized functions:  Serial: 0 (RX) and 1 (TX). Dharwad . Each of the 14 digital pins can be used as an input or output. though is it possible to change the upper end of their range using the AREF pin and the analogReference () function. 10. 6. each of which provide 10 bits of resolution (i. These pins can be configured to trigger an interrupt on a low value.1. a 16 MHz quartz crystal.e. The Uno has 6 analog inputs. digitalWrite(). 6 analog inputs. 5. labeled A0 through A5.  LED: 13. 9.  Reset. 13 (SCK). There are a couple of other pins on the board. Support TWI communication using the Wire library. an ICSP header and a reset button. In addition. a power jack. a USB connection. They operate at 5 volts. and digitalRead() functions. 12 (MISO). Each pin can provide or receive 20 mA as recommended operating condition and has an internal pull-up resistor (disconnected by default) of 20-50k ohm. Used with analogReference (). Bring this line LOW to reset the microcontroller. By default they measure from ground to 5 volts.SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM USING INTERNET OF THINGS Diagram of Arduino Uno is showed in figure 3.  PWM: 3. Typically used to add a reset button to shields which block the one on the board. There is a built-in LED driven by digital pin 13. a rising or falling edge.  SPI: 10 (SS). These pins support SPI communication using the SPI library.  External Interrupts: 2 and 3. 1. or through another application processor uninstall all Wi-Fi networking capabilities. the flash memory can be started directly from an external Move.5 KB used by bootloader SRAM 2 KB (ATmega328P) EEPROM 1 KB (ATmega328P) Clock Speed 16 MHz Length 68.2.1 Introduction to ESP8266 ESP8266 is a complete and self-contained Wi-Fi network solutions that can carry software applications.1 Technical Specification 3. Dharwad .3V Pin 50 mA Flash Memory 32 KB (ATmega328P) of which 0.2 ESP8266 3. Built-in cache memory will help improve system performance and reduce memory requirements.4 mm Weight 25 g Table 3.6 mm Width 53. ESP8266 when the device is mounted and as the only application of the application processor.SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM USING INTERNET OF THINGS 3. SDMCET. Another situation is when wireless Internet access assume the task of Wi-Fi adapter. and the connection is simple. Processing and storage capacity on ESP8266 13 Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering. you can add it to any microcontroller-based design. just by SPI / SDIO interface or central processor AHB bridge interface.3 Arduino Uno Technical Speciations Microcontroller ATmega328P Operating Voltage 5V Input Voltage (recommended) 7-12V Input Voltage (limit) 6-20V Digital I/O Pins 14 (of which 6 provide PWM output) PWM Digital I/O Pins 6 Analog Input Pins 6 DC Current per I/O Pin 20 mA DC Current for 3. with low-power operation adaptive radio bias.2 Block Diagram of ESP8266 Figure 3. so with minimal external circuitry. troubleshooting and radio systems coexist characteristics eliminate cellular / Bluetooth / DDR / LVDS / LCD interference. and includes front-end module.2 Explore ESP8266 Wi-Fi Module 3. Figure 3. it can be integrated via GPIO ports sensors and other applications specific equipment to achieve the lowest early in the development and operation of at least occupy system resources. The ESP8266 highly integrated chip. SDMCET. including the entire solution designed to minimize the space occupied by PCB.SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM USING INTERNET OF THINGS powerful piece. including antenna switch balun. front-end signal processing functions. power management converter.3 Block Diagram of ESP8266 14 Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering.2. The system is equipped with ESP8266 manifested leading features are: energy saving VoIP quickly switch between the sleep / wake patterns. Dharwad . SPI. voltage regulator and power management components  802.0.4 Within wake  2ms.0mW (DTIM3) 3.SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM USING INTERNET OF THINGS 3. UART  STBC.3 Characteristics of ESP8266  802. SDMCET. A-MSDU aggregation and the 0. 1x1 MIMO. LNA. connect and transfer data packets  standby power consumption of less than 1.2.11 b / g / n  Wi-Fi Direct (P2P). balun.11b mode + 19. Dharwad .4 Schematic Diagram ESP8266EX 15 Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering.4 Schematic Diagram ESP8266-EX Figure 3. soft-AP  Built-in TCP / IP protocol stack  Built-in TR switch.5dBm output power  Built-in temperature sensor  Support antenna diversity  off leakage current is less than 10uA  Built-in low-power 32-bit CPU: can double as an application processor  SDIO 2.2. power amplifier and matching network  Built-in PLL. 2x1 MIMO  A-MPDU. 1 ESP-04 14 2mm No None 14.0 ESP-08 14 2mm No None 17.0 ESP-09 12+GND misc No None 10. These were the first series of modules made by third-party manufacturer.0 x 18.2 ESP-06 12+GND misc No None ? ESP-07 16 2mm Yes Ceramic 20.3 x 12.0 x 16.5mm .5 ESP Modules The ESP8266 is a low cost Wi-Fi chip with full TCP/IP stack and microcontroller capability produced by Shanghai-based Chinese manufacturer.0 ESP-12-E 22 2mm Yes Etched-on PCB 24.5mm 1 Etched on PCB 15.0 ESP-11 8 1. Dharwad .SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM USING INTERNET OF THINGS 3.3 x 16.0 ESP-10 5 2mmm? No None 14.2 ESP Modules 3. AI-Thinker with the ESP8266 and remain the most widely available.0 x 16.2 x 14. Espressif.0 x 16.8 ESP-02 8 . SDMCET.0 x 18.3 x 12.1 ESP-05 5 .3 x 24. Board ID Pins Pitch LEDs Antenna Dimensions mm ESP-01 8 .1” No None 14.2.1 ESP-12 16 2mm Yes Etched-on PCB 24.27mm No Ceramic 17.2 x 14.1“ Yes Etched-on PCB 14.0 x 16.7 x 12.1“ No None 14.2 x 10.2 WROOM-02 18 1.2 ESP-03 14 2mm No Ceramic 17.6 Table 3.2.6 ESP8266 Applications  Smart Power Plug  Home Automation  Industrial wireless control  Baby Monitor  Network Camera  Wireless location-aware devices and positioning system signals 16 Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering.5mm No Etched on PCB 20. Etched-on PCB - ESP-14 22 2mm 1 Etched-on PCB 24.0 ESP-13 18 1.0 x 10.0 WT8266-S1 18 1.  Works with Arduino IDE for ESP8266.2. Dharwad .  ESP8266 ESP12E features. Uses MOSFET's to put the module in programming mode.3V regulator. It fits on a breadboard with all pins taken out.  Separate serial pins breakout compatible with FTDI cable layout.  Programs can easily dumped using USB to TTL converter.7 Explore ESP8266 Wi-Fi Module The ESP8266 ESP12E Wi-Fi Module is more user friendly with the Explore ESP8266 Wi-Fi Module. Features:  Fits on a breadboard. 3.  On-board LM1117-3. The module goes into programming mode with a single reset switch.  All pins of ESP12E taken out.5 Schematic Diagram of Explore ESP8266 Wi-Fi Module. SDMCET.8 Schematic Diagram of Explore ESP8266 Wi-Fi Module Figure 3.SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM USING INTERNET OF THINGS 3.2.  Single button 'Reset' switch for programming. 17 Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering. In this mode you can communicate with it using a set of AT commands. boots up into the serial modem mode.SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM USING INTERNET OF THINGS 3. while dry soil conducts electricity 18 Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering. SDMCET.3 Soil Moisture Sensor This moisture sensor can read the amount of moisture present in the soil surrounding it. This is a must have tool for a connected garden. and then it reads that resistance to get the moisture level. It's a low tech sensor. AT commands are based on the Hayes Command Set. in its default configuration. More water makes the soil conduct electricity more easily (less resistance). but ideal for monitoring an urban garden.3 Basic Wi-Fi layer TCPIP Layer AT AT+CWMODE AT+CIPSTATUS AT+RST AT+CWJAP AT+CIPSTART AT+GMR AT+CWLAP AT+CIPSEND AT+GSLP AT+CWQAP AT+CIPCLOSE ATE AT+CWSAP AT+CIFSR AT+CWLIF AT+CIPMUX AT+CWDHCP AT+CIPSERVER AT+CIPSTAMAC AT+CIPMODE AT+CIPAPMAC AT+CIPSTO AT+CIPSTA AT+CIUPDATE AT+CIPAP +IPD 3.2.9 AT Commands ESP8266. or your pet plant's water level. Index of all known AT commands is given in table 3. Dharwad . This sensor uses the two probes to pass current through the soil. SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM USING INTERNET OF THINGS poorly (more resistance). D0 is a digital output. in the case of a three-port valve. distribute or mix fluids. D0 and A0. Multiple solenoid valves can be placed together on a manifold. low control power and compact design. long service life. 5v or 0v) depending on whether the humidity is above or below a threshold which can in turn be adjusted by a built-in POTS. SDMCET. Dharwad . Figure 3. high reliability. good medium compatibility of the materials used. the outflow is switched between the two outlet ports. Solenoid valves are the most frequently used control elements in fluidics. A0 is an analog output. Solenoids offer fast and safe switching. 3. The valve is controlled by an electric current through a solenoid: in the case of a two-port valve the flow is switched on or off. VCC and GND are power pins which should set to 3. dose. HIGH or LOW.6) come with a ‘middle-man’ circuit which allows to get two outputs: one is an analog readout of the resistance between the sensor’s probes and the second is a digital output (essentially. 19 Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering.6 Soil Moisture Sensor YL-69 YL-38 A Chinese built YL-69 sensors (Figure 3. Their tasks are to shut off.3/5V and ground respectively. It will be helpful to remind you to water your indoor plants or to monitor the soil moisture in your garden.4 Solenoid Valve A solenoid valve is an electromechanically operated valve. release. On the other end of the YL-38 have four pins which represent VCC. They are found in many application areas. The YL-69 sensor has two pins which need to be wired to be the two pins on the YL-38 Bridge. GND. The orifice is closed and opened by the plunger (7). The main advantage of this type of pump is that it prevents pump cavitation’s.5 Submersible Water Pump A submersible pump (or sub pump. electric submersible pump) (figure3. The sealing material at the tip of the plunger keeps the media from entering the orifice. Similarly. Dharwad . The media is controlled by the solenoid valve enters the valve through the inlet port.8) is a device which has a hermetically sealed motor close-coupled to the pump body. if the valve is closed. for example.). SDMCET. if the valve is open.SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM USING INTERNET OF THINGS A 2-way valve.The valve pictured above is a normally-closed solenoid valve. until the plunger is lifted up by an electromagnetic field created by the coil. Figure 3. Normally-closed valves use a spring (8) which presses the plunger tip against the opening of the orifice. direct-acting valve. This type of solenoid valve has the most simple and easy to understand principle of operation. If the valve is open when the solenoid is not energized.7 depicts the basic components of a solenoid valve. The media must flow through the orifice (9) before continuing into the outlet port (3). then the two ports are connected and fluid may flow between the ports. then the valve is termed normally open (N. The valve shown in the picture is a normally-closed. has 2 ports. The whole assembly is submerged in the fluid to be pumped. if the valve is closed when the solenoid is not energized.O. a problem associated with a high elevation difference between 20 Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering. then ports are isolated. then the valve is termed normally closed. 3.7 Solenoid Valve and its part The figure 3. 95"  Length : Approx. 24mm / 0. magnetic driving  Continuous working life for 500 hours 3.8"  Height : Approx. Small DC Submersible water pumps push fluid to the surface as opposed to jet pumps having to pull fluids. Thus a small sensor circuit can drive. Dharwad .2"  Material : Engineering plastic  Driving mode : DC design.SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM USING INTERNET OF THINGS pump and the fluid surface. Figure 3. They are often used to interface an electronic circuit (working at a low voltage) to an electrical circuit which works at very high voltage.5-10V  Maximum lift : 40-110cm / 15.3"  Inside diameter : 5mm / 0.8 Submersible Water Pump. a fan or an electric bulb.2"  Diameter : Approx. For example. 45mm / 1. say.75"-43.6 Relay Switch Relay is an electromagnetic device which is used to isolate two circuits electrically and connect them magnetically. Specifications:  Voltage : 2. 21 Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering. 30mm / 1. It is usually operated between 3v to 12v.4"  Flow rate : 80-120L/H  Outside diameter : 7. a relay can make a 5V DC battery circuit to switch a 230V AC mains circuit. They are very useful devices and allow one circuit to switch another one while they are completely separate. SDMCET.5mm / 0. Submersibles are more efficient than jet pumps. 24V etc. 12V. At no input state. SDMCET. such as resistors.10).9 Relay Switch A relay switch can be divided into two parts: input and output. In a basic relay there are three contactors: normally open (NO).10 BC-547 NPN Transistor 22 Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering. In a typical configuration. can indicate the transistor schematic for an NPN transistor. and capacitors. Together with other electronic components. which is a diagonal line connecting to the base.7 Transistor (BC-547) A BC547 transistor is a negative-positive-negative (NPN) transistor that is used for many purposes. When the operating voltage is applied the relay coil gets energized and the COM changes contact to NO. and a collector terminal. 9V. the current flowing from the base to the emitter controls the collector current. A short vertical line. Transistors has an emitter terminal. The input section has a coil which generates magnetic field when a small voltage from an electronic circuit is applied to it. a base or control terminal. it can be used as the active component for switches and amplifiers. normally closed (NC) and common (COM).SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM USING INTERNET OF THINGS Figure 3. which is the base. Commonly used relays are available in different configuration of operating voltages like 6V. Figure 3. Dharwad . 3. the COM is connected to NC. coils. and the emitter. The output section consists of contactors which connect or disconnect mechanically. is an arrowhead pointing away from the base (Figure 3. This voltage is called the operating voltage. The diode prevents the reverse flow of current in input end of the relay switch. 23 Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering.11).12. This circuit controls 18-24v DC solenoid valve or 2. Figure 3. diode and transistor as shown in figure 3.8 Diode (IN4007) In electronics.11 Diode IN4007 3. but controller output signal is of 3. Figure 3.3v DC.9 Relay Circuit The relay circuit consists of relay switch. A semiconductor diode is a crystalline piece of semiconductor material with a p–n junction connected to two electrical terminals (figure 3. a diode is a two-terminal electronic component that conducts primarily in one direction (asymmetric conductance). At output end of relay switch a series connection of battery source and actuator. it has low (ideally zero) resistance to the flow of current in one direction.5-10v submersible motor. It is used because of actuators needs supply of 3-24v DC.12 Circuit Diagram to controls actuator (motor) using relay switch. The control signal from controller to the base of transistor controls ON-OFF of actuators.SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM USING INTERNET OF THINGS 3. SDMCET. and high (ideally infinite) resistance in the other. Dharwad . Arduino board is used as a Flash Burner.e.6.2. Step 2: Go to File>>Preferences>>Additional Boards Manager URLs: http://arduino. Step 2: Connect the pins of Arduino Uno to ESP8266-12 pins as mention below Arduino Pins  ESP8266 pins  5v  5v  3.1 Initial Setups in Arduino IDE Software Step 1: Install the Arduino 1.3v  3. i. CH_PD  Gnd  Gnd (both)  Tx  Tx  Rx  Rx Note: Program code is directly uploaded into ESP8266 module. code is directly uploaded to ESP8266 module. Dharwad . 24 Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering.esp8266.com/stable/package_esp8266com_index.0” Step 4: Go to Tools>>Boards>>Generic ESP8266 Module Step 5: Go to Tools>>Upload Speed>>115200 Port>>choose preferred COM ports. SDMCET. 4.3v. In this case.json >>Ok Step 3: Go to Tools>>Boards>>Boards Manager>> Download the “esp8266 by ESP8266 Community version 2.2 How to Flash ESP8266-12 Step 1: First upload BareMinimum code to Arduino Uno board.7 IDE.SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM USING INTERNET OF THINGS CHAPTER 4 EXPERIMENTAL SETUP AND RESULTS 4. 3. Press the reset button to reset the module.3 Experimental Setup 4. SDMCET.1 and verify results. Step 4: While uploading the program code connect the GPIO 0 to GND.1 List of Components Components Quantity Explore ESP8266 Wi-Fi Module 1 Relay Switch 3 Transistor (BC-547) 3 Diode (IN4007) 3 LED (Power Indication) 1 Power Supply .3vGND and disconnect.2 Circuit Connection Procedure Step 1: Make the connection in bread-board as shown in figure 4.5v 1 (from Arduino) 3. But Explore ESP8266 Wi-Fi module has inbuilt Reset button.3v 1 (from Arduino) 9v 1 (from 9v battery) 18v 2 (from 9+9v battery) Gnd From Arduino Table 4. disconnect the GPIO 0 from GND. Figure 4. 4.3. Dharwad . Step 5: Once upload is successful.1 List of Components 4.SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM USING INTERNET OF THINGS Step 3: Reset the ESP8266 by connecting RESET pin to GND3.1 Circuit Diagram 25 Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering. wash with petrol to remove printed carbon. Then.3a Front View of PCB board 26 Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering. Front and rear views are shown in figure 4.3b.2. make a PCB layout using software ExpressPCB as shown below in figure 4. Figure 4. Step 4: Itching: Immerse the printed PCB copper plate in a copper sulphate solution until all copper oxidizes except PCB traces. SDMCET.3a. Step 5: Place the components and carefully solder them.SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM USING INTERNET OF THINGS Step 2: Once results are confirmed.2 PCB Layout Step 3: Print the PCB layout on a copper plate. Figure 4. 4. Dharwad .  Make some arrangements to supply the water like making the holes to pipes. 3.3.  Place the soil moisture sensor 1 in Region 1 near the roots of the plants.  Place the valve 1 in Region 1. Connect the power supplies to PCB board 5v. 2 and a water reservoir.SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM USING INTERNET OF THINGS Figure 4. Dharwad .e. Physical connection and implementation is shown in figure 4. 18v to both valves. Give all required supply voltages. submersible motor pump and solenoid valves.  Place the valve 2 in Region 2. i. 9v to motor pump.3v and ground from Arduino board. soil moisture sensors.3 Physical Connections Physical connections include the placing the sensors and actuators in small model of agriculture field and includes proper connections.  Submerse the submersible motor pump in the reservoir. Step 6: Connect the power supplies to output ends of relay switches as mentioned in the circuit diagram.  Place the soil moisture sensor 2 in Region 2 near the roots of the plants. SDMCET. connect the water level indicator.  Place the water level indicator in the water reservoir.4.3b Rear View of PCB board Step 5: Make the complete connections. Detail is given below  The field includes two Regions: 1. 27 Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering.  Extend the pipeline connection to respective fields to supply water. 4.  Make proper pipeline connections from motor pump to the valves. SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM USING INTERNET OF THINGS Figure 4. 4.4 Experimental Setup Note: The Wi-Fi module ESP8266 is must be connected to internet services via an internet router (having specific USERNAME and PASSWORD which is specified in program code).  If water is present. valve 2 will remain closed. valve 1 will open and motor will be on for 10 seconds.4 Results 4.  During this.  If Region 1 is humid. Dharwad .  If Region 1 is wet.1 How module works?  Wi-Fi module has to connect the internet by an internet service provider like mobile hotspot. valve 1 will open and motor will be on for 5 seconds. if water is present then it proceeds otherwise it terminates.4. SDMCET. motor will be off. then it checks status of soil moisture sensor 1.  Firstly module checks status of water level indicator. Wi-Fi router.  If Region 1 is dry. 28 Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering.  During this.4b). Go to Publish>>Topic>>”bbbn”>>”—message--“>>Publish (Figure 4. Dharwad . “—messages—“may be STATUS. But usually System is always will OFF condition.  It is possible to make System OFF. Once subscription is successful. valve 1 will remain closed. SDMCET. 4.  System is usually OFF state.  It is possible to make System ON whenever. different functions will be executed and client will publish in Dashboard what it do? what it will be does? what it done? 29 Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering. Publish messages to a topic Save messages Filter received Messages Step 1: Initial setups in app is to make. SYSTEM_ON. Then again System is OFF.org” (Figure 4. Then client will connect to Broker URL (Figure 4. then it checks status of soil moisture sensor 2.4a).4. Step 2: Subscribe to a topic called bbbn.4d). The service is being provided by Mosquitto of eclipse a service provider.1 Broker (optional with username and password) Subscribe to various topics. SYSTEM_OFF> Depending upon messages published.  It is possible to get STATUS of the field. then messages will be received in Dashboard.  If Region 2 is wet. it will check the status and supply the water one time only.  If Region 2 is humid. Then message will be published in Dashboard and broker server. Once System is ON.mosquitto. valve 2 will open and motor will be on for 10 seconds.2 Controlling the Module using MyMQTT Android App MyMQTT is a simple Message Queue Telemetry Transport (MQTT) client for Android. Go to Subscribe>>”bbbn”>>Add (Figure 4.  If water is present. Go to Settings>>Broker URL>>”test. if water is present then it proceeds otherwise it terminates.SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM USING INTERNET OF THINGS  Once again module checks status of water level indicator. valve 2 will open and motor will be on for 5 seconds. Step 3: Publish a message. Features: Connect to MQTT v3. motor will be off.  If Region 2 is dry.4c). 4a Initial Setup Figure 4.4b Connection to Broker URL 30 Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering. SDMCET. Dharwad .SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM USING INTERNET OF THINGS The following figures shows screenshots of Dashboards depending upon Publish. Figure 4. 4h Message on Dashboard(SYSTEM_ON) 31 Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering.4c Subscribing a Topic Figure 4.4d Messages in Dashboard Figure 4.4f Messages on Dashboard due to STATUS Figure 4. SDMCET.4g Publish of Message(SYSTEM_ON) Figure 4.4e Publsih of message(STATUS) Figure 4. Dharwad .SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM USING INTERNET OF THINGS Figure 4. 4j Message on Dashboard(SYSTEM_ON) Figure 4.4k Message on Dashboard(SYSTEM_ON) Figure 4. Dharwad . SDMCET.SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM USING INTERNET OF THINGS Figure 4. 32 Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering.4l Message on Dashboard(SYSTEM_ON) Thus result of the system can be verified.4i Message on Dashboard(SYSTEM_ON) Figure 4. PCB Board .360/- 4.SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM USING INTERNET OF THINGS CHAPTER 5: PROJECT EXPENDITURE 1.40/- 12. Arduino UNO Board .15/- 7. Rs. Rs.160/- 6.625/- 3.40/- 15. Rs. Submersible water Pump . Rs. Rs. Field Model . Rs.30/- 8. SDMCET. Soil Moisture Sensors (3) . Rs.9/- 9. Connecting Wires . Rs.600/- 5. Solenoid Valves (2) . Rs. Wi-Fi Module . Water Supply Pipes .425/- 2. Diode IN 4007 (3) .54mm female header pins . 2. Rs. Relay Switch (3) . Rs.250/- TOTAL COST .2695/- 33 Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering. Rs.6/- 10.5/- 11. Dharwad . Rs. Rs.40/- 13. LED . Battery 9V (2) . Transistor BC 547(3) . Rs. Rs.90/- 14. by Ms. 2. After it will send the messages to broker network and inturn it will be published to the Client (user end). lightweight. The ESP8266 is the device at field end which receives the messages from broker network and manipulates it and will perform the function mentioned in message. Babu Madhav Institute of Technology. Vishal Zaveri. India : ISSN:0975-9646 34 Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering. REVIEW PAPER BASED ON AUTOMATIC IRRIGATION SYSTEM BASED ON RF MODULE. January 2015. SDMCET. Dharwad . Published by IJAICT Volume 1. The ESP8266 is the best device for IoT projects. India. Since it is small.SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM USING INTERNET OF THINGS CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION The agriculture field is being monitored and controlled by MyMQTT android app at user end. Deweshvree Rane PG Scholar . easily programmable. Sevagram. SENSOR BASED AUTOMATED IRRIGATION SYSTEM WITH IoT: A TECHNICAL REVIEW by Karan Kanasura. Wardha. Uka Tasadia University. References 1. Issue 9. Bardoli. and easily installable and have enough GPIO pins to use them.VLSI. compact. Gujarat. Babanna Kumbar USN: 2SD13EC016 Mr. SDMCET. Naveen Honnalli USN: 2SD13EC060 35 Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering. Bheemashankar USN: 2SD13EC018 Mr. Basavaraj Galagi USN: 2SD13EC017 Mr.SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM USING INTERNET OF THINGS PHOTO GALLERY Guide Prof. Kotresh Marali Students Mr. Dharwad .
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