S.M.A.R.T.AQUARIUM B.E. SENIOR DESIGN PROJECT REPORT Electronics Specialization Prepared by Salman Khaliq Bajwa (3746) M Waqas Aslam (3781) Murtaza Malik (4721) Project Advisor Asstt. Professor, Chairman SDP Committee, Abdul Aleem College of Engineering PAF-Karachi Institute of Economics & Technology Karachi DEDICATION This report is dedicated to Our Parents, Whose love, affection and support helped s in bringing our work to this level of accomplishments; we are also thankful to them for educating us for unconditional support and encouragement to pursue our interests, even when the interest went beyond the boundaries of field and scope. Without their support and kindness this work would not have been possible. Page | 2 ACKNOWLEDEMENT Praise to Allah the most beneficent and the most merciful. We are grateful to our project advisor Mr. Abdul Aleem, Chairman SDP Committee, for enlightening us with his precious knowledge and vast experience to benefit us in the future. We are also thankful to the Assistant Professor Mr. Rehan Adil for his continuous over viewing on our progress and imparting useful suggestions. We also like to thank our teachers and lab assistants for their assistance and support. We would also thank with all gratitude and depth of our hearts to our parents who helped us not only financially but with integrity too and support us in all our hardships. Finally our sincere thanks to our institute PAF-KIET, College of Engineering, for providing us the opportunity to gave us the strength to undertake this project. Special thanks to all our fellows and friends who lend us a hand throughout the final year project’s phase. We pray this effort may prove to be the beginning of new era, a era in which Science and Technology may make great progress in Pakistan and Pakistan may become a part of the developed nations. Thank you. Page | 3 ABSTRACT Fish keeping is a popular fad; almost people from all the age groups like to keep fish in their home, offices etc for decoration purpose or as a hobby. Fish keeping is itself an industry which comes in agriculture. Fish keeping is not an easy job; we always need an aquarium or a pond for that. The hobby of fish keeping is broadly divided into three; freshwater, brackish, marine. Among all these three, freshwater is considered to be the most popular hobby of keeping fish because it is easy to handle with freshwater fish and aquariums. It has always been a headache to take care of the fish and aquariums. We have to change the water after sometime; we have to feed the fish on time, we have to maintain the temperature and turbidity level of the water and always have to keep an eye on fish and aquarium. All these steps are done manually. The project, SMART aquarium has been designed by keeping in mind, the problem of those who cannot take care of their aquarium every day. It does the feeding itself every day, keeps the temperature of the aquarium under control, and also keeps the turbidity level under control. The GSM Mobile attached to it sends the report or we can say the current situation of the aquarium like temperature level, turbidity level, feeding etc via SMS on your cell phone. Page | 4 Table of Contents List of Figures ................................................................................................................................. 8 List of Tables .................................................................................................................................. 9 CHAPTER 1: ................................................................................................................................ 13 PROJECT OBJECTIVES ............................................................................................................. 13 1.1-Project Objective: ................................................................................................................... 14 1.2-Motivation: ............................................................................................................................. 14 1.3-Aim: ........................................................................................................................................ 15 1.3.1-Objective: ....................................................................................................................................... 15 1.4-Problem Discussion: ............................................................................................................... 16 1.4.1-Common Problems Faced by Aquarium Caretakers ...................................................................... 16 1.5-Problem Solution: ................................................................................................................... 16 1.6-Methodology:.......................................................................................................................... 17 1.6.1-Project Design: .............................................................................................................................. 17 1.6.2- Analysis and, component level design and selection:................................................................... 17 1.6.3-Assembly and hardware testing: .................................................................................................... 17 1.6.4- Simulation development and Verification: ................................................................................... 18 1.6.5- Development for future implementation: ..................................................................................... 18 1.7-Market adaptability: ................................................................................................................ 18 CHAPTER 2: ................................................................................................................................ 19 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................ 19 2.0-Introduction: ........................................................................................................................... 20 2.1-Introduction: ..................................................................................................................................... 20 2.1.2-Key Points: ................................................................................................................................ 20 2.2-Functionality: .......................................................................................................................... 20 CHAPTER 3: ................................................................................................................................ 22 DESIGN OBJECTIVES, ISSUES AND THEIR ANALYSIS ..................................................... 22 3.1-Design Objectives: .................................................................................................................. 23 3.1.1-Design Objectives and Issues: ........................................................................................................ 23 3.1.1.2-Dimensions: ............................................................................................................................ 23 3.1.1.3-Safety Factor: .......................................................................................................................... 24 Page | 5 3.1.1.4-Glass Thickness & Pressure:.................................................................................................... 24 3.2-Limitations of the existing system: ......................................................................................... 26 CHAPTER 4: ................................................................................................................................ 27 REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATIONS ......................................................................................... 27 4.0-Requirement Specifications: ................................................................................................... 28 4.1-Literature Review: .................................................................................................................. 28 4.1.1-Related Work: ................................................................................................................................ 28 4.1.2-AquaChef Automatic Fish Feeder [1]:............................................................................................ 28 4.1.3- ....................................................................................................................................................... 28 4.1.4-Automatic Aquarium [3]: ............................................................................................................... 29 4.1.5-Automatic LCD Auto Aquarium Fish Tank Food Feeder Timer [4]:................................................ 29 4.1.6-Automatically ORP Meter / Controller Aquarium [5]: ................................................................... 29 4.1.7-Study of alternative devices [6]: .................................................................................................... 30 4.2-Process Flow: .......................................................................................................................... 31 4.3-Block & sub-block diagram:................................................................................................... 32 4.4-Design Matrix: ........................................................................................................................ 33 4.5-Schematics: ............................................................................................................................. 34 4.6-Algorithm: .............................................................................................................................. 35 4.8-PCB Design: ........................................................................................................................... 36 4.9-Animations: ............................................................................................................................ 36 4.10-Mechanical Design: .............................................................................................................. 37 4.11-Hardware & Software List:................................................................................................... 37 4.11.1-Hardware List:.............................................................................................................................. 37 4.11.2-Software List: .............................................................................................................................. 38 4.12-Gantt Chart: .......................................................................................................................... 39 4.13-Safety & Precautions: ........................................................................................................... 40 CHAPTER 5: ................................................................................................................................ 41 TEST RESULTS AND THEIR ANALYSIS ............................................................................... 41 5.0- TEST RESULTS: .................................................................................................................. 42 5.1-PH Sensor & Temperature Testing: .................................................................................................. 42 5.12-Test Results: .................................................................................................................................... 43 Page | 6 5.13-Graph: ............................................................................................................................................. 44 5.2-ANALYSIS: ........................................................................................................................... 44 CHAPTER 6: ................................................................................................................................ 45 ECONOMIC ANALYSIS ............................................................................................................ 45 6.0-Economic Analysis: ................................................................................................................ 46 CHAPTER 6: ................................................................................................................................ 47 CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................................. 47 6.0-Conclusion: ............................................................................................................................. 48 CHAPTER 7: ................................................................................................................................ 49 FUTURE RECOOMENDATIONS .............................................................................................. 49 7.1-Future Recommendations: ...................................................................................................... 50 7.1.1-Air Cooler: ..................................................................................................................................... 50 7.1.2-Solar Cell: ....................................................................................................................................... 50 7.1.3-Heater: ........................................................................................................................................... 50 7.1.4-GSM Module: ................................................................................................................................ 50 CHAPTER 8: ................................................................................................................................ 52 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................. 52 8.0-Refrences: ............................................................................................................................... 53 8.1-WEB Refrences: ............................................................................................................................... 53 CHAPTER 14: .............................................................................................................................. 55 APPENDICES .............................................................................................................................. 55 Appendices A: ............................................................................................................................... 56 Source Code .................................................................................................................................. 56 A-Code: ......................................................................................................................................... 57 Appendix B: .................................................................................................................................. 66 Data Sheets.................................................................................................................................... 66 Page | 7 List of Figures Figure-1 Market Adaptibility ........................................................................................................ 11 Figure-2 Dimension ...................................................................................................................... 20 Figure-3 Glass ............................................................................................................................... 21 Fgure-4 Feeder .............................................................................................................................. 24 Fgure-5 Feeder .............................................................................................................................. 24 Fgure-6 Block Diagram ................................................................................................................ 28 Fgure-7 Schematic ....................................................................................................................... 30 Fgure-8 PCB ................................................................................................................................. 32 Fgure-9 Animation ........................................................................................................................ 32 Fgure-10 Mechanical Design ........................................................................................................ 33 Fgure-11 PH Sensor ...................................................................................................................... 38 Fgure-12 LCD Display ................................................................................................................. 38 Fgure-13 Temprature Sensor ........................................................................................................ 38 Fgure-14 Water Pumps ................................................................................................................. 38 Fgure-15 Feeder ............................................................................................................................ 39 Fgure-16 Turbidity Sensor ............................................................................................................ 39 Fgure-17 GSM Mobile.................................................................................................................. 39 Page | 8 List of Tables Table-1 Thickness Table ............................................................................................................... 19 Table-2 Water Pumps ................................................................................................................... 22 Table-3-Test Results ..................................................................................................................... 33 Table-4 Cost ................................................................................................................................. 33 Page | 9 Page | 10 Page | 11 Page | 12 CHAPTER 1: PROJECT OBJECTIVES Page | 13 1.1-Project Objective: The objective of this project is to design and construct an automatic aquarium for those who cannot take care and keep an eye on their fish and aquarium daily and minimize the manual factor as much as possible. The aquarium will perform all the steps automatically like temperature control, turbidity level under control, feeding etc and would send all the information on cell phone via GSM Mobile. 1.2-Motivation: We all know, today is the world of new scientific inventions. Every day there are some new inventions in almost every field, in the world. World is becoming very fast and automatic because of these inventions day by day. So we have decided very cheap alternative to make the process of maintaining the fish aquarium fully automatic. Page | 14 1.3-Aim: The aim of our project is to replace manual maintenance of fish aquarium with an automated system. 1.3.1-Objective: The objective of our project is to perform following tasks automatically, when really required. Remove wastes & keep water clean Send the report of change in pH level to the owner’s cell phone Feed on a regular basis Stabilize temperature Page | 15 1.4-Problem Discussion: Usually aquarium care takers face several problems in maintenance the vitality and health of fishes along with the presentation of the aquarium. Some of the problems are mentioned as under: 1.4.1-Common Problems Faced by Aquarium Caretakers Difficulty in changing the aquarium water Difficulty in maintaining the pH of the water in an aquarium Difficulty in feeding the fish Difficulty in controlling the turbidity of the water in an aquarium Difficulty in figuring out when the water is to be filtered Difficulty in maintaining the temperature of the aquarium 1.5-Problem Solution: The project has been chosen to minimize the problems of fish keepers or aquarists by shifting it from manual to the automatic mode. Fish keepers or aquarists now would not have to watch out and keep an eye on their aquarium and fish again and again. SMART aquarium would be there. If any problem occurs, the aquarium would generate a report and send it on cell phone via GSM Mobile. The advantages of this project are: No need to watch out Temperature No need to watch out Turbidity level No need to change water manually No need to feed manually Page | 16 1.6-Methodology: The development of SMART aquarium can be divided into following major phases: Project design Analysis and, component level design and selection Assembly and hardware testing Simulation development and Verification Development for future implementation 1.6.1-Project Design: The Project design phase included mainly the determination of general layout and design of the SMART aquarium. The first step in this phase was the identification of design goals. The following things were required: Dimensions of the aquarium Thickness of the glass Compatibility for freshwater, brackish and marine 1.6.2- Analysis and, component level design and selection: Once a general design was decided, we decided to make specific choices regarding component selection and design. The estimate of 4 feet was kept as the maximum length of the aquarium so that it could bear the pressure of the water in it. The thickness of the walls of aquarium was decided 600mm (estimated). 1.6.3-Assembly and hardware testing: Once all components were selected and all major functional parts were designed, the major part of assembly and hardware testing of the different modules was done. In order to test the circuit, it was first simulated on Proteus in order to minimize the hardware and circuit failure risks. The mechanical design was done on AutoCAD 2009. GSM Mobile, turbidity sensor, temperature sensor, motors and different testing of other components was done and results were compared. Page | 17 1.6.4- Simulation development and Verification: Test results were simulated to achieve the desired goals and then they were verified to get the desired outcome. 1.6.5- Development for future implementation: When all the steps; design selection, components selection, components, modules and sensors testing, simulation and verification was done, the work remained to be done was to make our project for future implementation, which included more advanced components, sensors, modules etc. 1.7-Market adaptability: The idea of making the aquarium automatic is not new. It is being used in the agriculture sector as well as commercially but the aquariums available in the markets are semi automatic or manual; they are not fully automatic as we have designed. The SMART Aquarium is not so much expensive that’s why it can be used by an individual aquarist, fish keeper, and can also be used for large scale. Individual Aquarists Commercial SMART Aquarium Figure-1.0-Market Adaptability Page | 18 CHAPTER 2: INTRODUCTION Page | 19 2.0-Introduction: Pet ownership has been increasing at a steady pace in the last 20 years. After cats and dogs, the most popular pet is now the freshwater fish. The maintenance of fish aquariums is a very difficult task itself. Whenever you have to clean up your aquarium or you have to feed, you have to do a lot of things. You have to turn off your aquarium's power head/air pump and feed manually and turn on the air again after an hour. 2.1-Introduction: The project with which we came up is an Automated Fish Aquarium. The project will be more efficient than the systems available in market, now days. In addition to the efficiency it will be of lower cost as well. The project’s audience is the group of people interested to keep fishes at home or offices but don’t have time to take care of, or they are worried to keep on asking their neighbors to take care of the fishes in their absence. The project is an automated system to take care of fishes. It will replace the manual maintenance of fish aquarium with its automated functions. It will monitor the physical changes in the water and will maintain it to the ideal conditions, with required changes. 2.1.2-Key Points: To build a low cost aquarium for agriculture industry To make the work easier and automatic 2.2-Functionality: Main principle of the project is to sense the changes via sensors. These changes will be then processed by the Controller. The microcontroller installed in the circuit will be performing the main task of controlling. Controller will send commands to the actuators where the output part will be observed working to sustain the ideal conditions. There will be a temperature sensor, turbidity sensor, PH level sensor, water level sensor, heater, feeder, an LCD and a GSM Mobile. They all will be interfaced with the controller. If anything happens or changes, the controller will start working to reach back to the ideal state. The normal temperature of fresh water aquarium is considered to be 28-30 degree Celsius. If temperature exceeds, the controller would start the fan till the desired temperature is not achieved. If the temperature goes down, the heater will be on until the temperature does not reach to the normal temperature. After every 24 hours the Page | 20 controller would turn on the feeder for feeding purpose. If the turbidity level has increased beyond the normal then controller will change the water. Half of the water will be flushed through solenoid valves so that the temperature would not change rapidly which could harm the fish. The ongoing process and situation like temperature, feeding, changing water etc will be shown on the LCD. The owner could also get the report regarding the situation of aquarium on his/her cell phone by just asking the GSM Mobile or after every 24 hours the GSM Mobile would generate the report and send it on the mobile phone. Page | 21 CHAPTER 3: DESIGN OBJECTIVES, ISSUES AND THEIR ANALYSIS Page | 22 3.1-Design Objectives: Our objective of the project is to build an automatic aquarium for those who cannot keep an eye on their aquarium regularly. It will be fully automatic so there will be no need to see aquarium again and again. The short term goal of our project is to make a low cost but automatic aquarium so that it could be in the reach of every one. The long term goal is to extend it to the version where it can be fully automated Our main objective was to limited to our short term goals and to achieve those, lot of research was done and finally we were able to produce the desired output. 3.1.1-Design Objectives and Issues: The main issue was to decide the dimensions and design of the mechanical structure of the aquarium. Our objective was to design a light weighted and low cost aquarium. The circuit and the sensors that we had to select should not be so heavy and that they could not create any trouble for the fish in the aquarium or fish could not damage them. 3.1.1.2-Dimensions: When you are to structure your own fish tank, you need to know about the following information. . Aquarium Volume Glass Thickness: A glass thickness that will hold under the pressure of your fish tank. Glass Area: The sum of areas of the six sides of your aquarium. Glass Weight: The weight of your fish tank when empty Glass+Water Weight: The weight of your fish tank when filled with water. You will also get your glass surfaces dimensions. Notice the sides surfaces are reduced by the glass thickness. Page | 23 Figure-2 Dimension 3.1.1.3-Safety Factor: The variability of the strength of glass due to limitations of the manufacturing process means a suitable safety factor must be used when calculating glass thickness. The factor commonly used is 3.8. While not a perfect guarantee, it will remove all risk bar that of damaged or very poor quality. 3.1.1.4-Glass Thickness & Pressure: While determining the pressure that water exerts on a glass wall is pretty simple, determining the glass thickness needed to resist this pressure is not quite so simple. The glass will be subjected to bending stress as the pressure tries to force it outward. The actual amount of stress depends on the unsupported area of glass. The glass wall or "window" is fixed and sealed at its edges, but unsupported over its area. The larger the window is, the greater the bending stress that results. If you think about it, this is actually fairly clear (must stop with those puns!). Let us say that the water is deep enough to exert an average pressure a pressure of 50 pounds per square foot against the window. The larger the window, the greater number of square feet of glass is holding back the pressure. If we have one window that is (let us say) 10 square feet in area, then there will be a total force of 500 pounds forcing the glass outward. But suppose we want to use a window that is Page | 24 100 square feet in area. In that case, there will be a total force on the glass of 5000 pounds. Obviously the larger window will need to be thicker to resist the greater force. Figure-3 glass Here's a few ways to figure out how thick of glass you need if you building your own tanks. 1. In the table below, the top row indicates the length of the tank; the left vertical column indicates the depth (height) of the tank. To determine the glass thickness to use for constructing your tank, find the length of the tank in the top row (indicated in feet and cm - centimeters), then follow that column down until you reach the height of the tank (indicated in inches and cm). Glass thickness is indicated in mm (millimeters), with the number in parenthesis below indicating the Safety Factor. There is an inches to millimeters calculator below the Glass Thickness calculator. Page | 25 Table-1 Thickness Table 3.2-Limitations of the existing system: The project was tried to make fully automatic but not. Everything cannot be made fully automatic. Something is always left that works on manual mode like filling up the feeder, setting up the temperature etc. Whenever the temperature goes up (greater than 30 degree) there is nothing to bring the temperature at normal. We tried to use a fan but it was not enough for that. You always have to keep unplug the charger after charging cause the mobile charger cuts off the power after charging the mobile in order to get the reports from the mobile on your cell phone. If mobile turns off you would not get the report. Page | 26 CHAPTER 4: REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATIONS Page | 27 4.0-Requirement Specifications: The things that were required has been discussed in this chapter and are given below: 4.1-Literature Review: 4.1.1-Related Work: From simple battery operated, to state-of-the-art electronic devices, automatic aquarium fish feeders come in an array of styles. While some are moisture controlled units designed to prevent flake, pellet and other dried foods from clumping, others not only have the capability of releasing a variety of different fares, but at specific times and intervals. From small to large capacity feeders with single to multi-purpose functions, here are some units your Guides consider to be the best choices. 4.1.2-AquaChef Automatic Fish Feeder [1]: Moisture-resistant, no-clump feeder dispenses flakes, pellets, or crumbled fish food. You set the portion size and feeding times, up to four per day, on the programmable timer. Feeder dispenses single or double feeding (within 60 seconds of first feeding). Holds up to 35 grams of food. Two AA batteries included. Figure –4 Feeder 4.1.3-Nutrafin ProFeed Automatic Feeder [2]: This fish feeder can be quickly programmed to automatically dispense up to two precise portions a day or can be overridden for manual operation. Handles almost any type of flake, pellet, or freezedried food and prevents clogging due to aquarium moisture. 14-gram capacity. Operates up to a year on just two AA batteries (not included). Figure –5 Feeder Page | 28 4.1.4-Automatic Aquarium [3]: Main function This aquarium has the functions as digital display, Automatic temperature control, lighting time control function. This aquarium tanks have high performance, both excellent in quality and reasonable in price. Model HLE-1000F HLE-1200F HLE-1500F Size Volume 1000Lx480wx755H 260L 1200LX480WX755H 315L 1800LX480WX815H 422L Table-2 Water Pump Water Pump HQB-2500 HQB-2500 HQB-3500 4.1.5-Automatic LCD Auto Aquarium Fish Tank Food Feeder Timer [4]: Easy to set the feeding time, you can set at most 4 times a day,Safe and convenient. Detachable, Washable and Moisture proof Food Can, easy filling of the food and easy to clean. Ideal for flakes granulates. Easy mounting, Can be installed on the aquarium, Adjustable clamp to fix on different tank sizes. Don`t worry about your fish anymore Specifications Size 11 x 7 x 7cm. Feed chamber 5.5cm diameter, 3.5cm thick Velcro size 3.6 x 3 x 0.5 cm Power 2 x AAA batteries (NOT included) Color Black 4.1.6-Automatically ORP Meter / Controller Aquarium [5]: Features Led Display Auto. Test ORP and real-time operation Simple Operation for monitor ORP value Durable and Reliable Ideal For Salt Water and Fresh Water The controller can power on the Ozone O3(Not included)or to control the ORP value Page | 29 How to Use Connect with the power supply Put the ORP pen into the ORP Meter, it can show the ORP value Normally, Saltwater ORP around 300mV ~ 350mV, for freshwater ORP around 235mV to 260mV ORP Meter will automatic to power on and connect with the Ozone O3 (Not Included) to operate the value most suitable for the tank Specification Measurement 1999mV ~ + 1999mV Control Range 0-1000mV Resolution 1 mV Accuracy 0.01mV Power 220V to 240V 50/60Hz Weight 1.4 kg 4.1.7-Study of alternative devices [6]: Several devices are available in the market which can be helpful to automate the aquarium maintenance as required. Feeders are available with timers to automate the feeding of fishes. The device can be replaced by a simple and cheap system comprising of a stepper motor based mechanical structure controlled by the controller. Water coolers are available to reduce the temperature when it goes higher. It can be replaced using fans placed well to cool down the aquarium when temperature goes high. Similarly heaters can be replaced by high intensity lights. PLC based systems are available for aquarium maintenance. We may design a system working on a micro-controller to make it more cost effective. Page | 30 4.2-Process Flow: Page | 31 4.3-Block & sub-block diagram: Figure-6 Block Diagram Page | 32 4.4-Design Matrix: Page | 33 4.5-Schematics: Figure-7 Schematics Page | 34 4.6-Algorithm: S.M.A.R.T Aquarium turns on PH sensor checks the density of water If it is in limits, process ends If it is out of limits, it goes for draining and filtration Turbidity sensor senses the turbidity of the water If it is in limits, process ends If it is out of limits, it goes for draining and filtration Timer after every 24 hours starts the process of feeding Temperature sensor turns on If it is 30 degree Celsius, process ends If it is below 22-30 degree Celsius, heater turns on Page | 35 4.8-PCB Design: Figure-8 PCB 4.9-Animations: Figure-9 Animation Page | 36 4.10-Mechanical Design: Figure-10 Mechanical Design 4.11-Hardware & Software List: 4.11.1-Hardware List: Electronic Valves Air Pump & Bubbler Micro-Controller Stepper Motor Temperature Sensor Water Level Sensor Turbidity Sensor PCB PH Sensor LCD Fish Tank with Decoration Page | 37 GSM Mobile (Nokia 6610) 4.11.2-Software List: Portable Proteus Auto CAD PIC PGM Page | 38 4.12-Gantt Chart: Page | 39 4.13-Safety & Precautions: Electricity and water is always a risky combination and plugging in all sorts of electrical gadgets to a water filled aquarium is certainly no exception. It is therefore important for all aquarists to know at least basic electrical safety procedures and how to prevent electrical accidents from happening. It is also a very good idea to learn more about first aid. Electrical accidents can kill or injure pets as well as humans. Aquarists should keep the aquarium out of children’s reach, as they may harm fishes or themselves while considering it a toy. Plants and other decorations should be kept safely and firmly on their places, making no harm to the fishes. Moreover, one should keep an eye to make sure about the absence of any leakage in the tank. Main points to remember are: Basic electrical safety procedures. First aid, in case of Electrical accidents. Aquarium to be kept out of children’s reach Plants and other decorations should be kept safely and firmly. Absence of any leakage in the tank. Page | 40 CHAPTER 5: TEST RESULTS AND THEIR ANALYSIS Page | 41 5.0- TEST RESULTS: Different test were conducted to investigate, troubleshoot and test different sensors and modules. Before any hardware was investigated, the following components requirements were set: The normal temperature of the water of aquarium was set as 28 degree Celsius. The normal PH level was set as 7. If the PH level increases or decreases the GSM mobile would send SMS on the mobile and after 15 seconds it would again send a reminder SMS on the given number. The Turbidity sensor was working on logic 1 and 0. Two LDRs were used in order to sense the turbidity. One had an LED. If the opponent LDR does not sense the light emitted from LED, it would start draining the water via water pump. 5.1-PH Sensor & Temperature Testing: The sensor and the modules that we have used are given below; Figure-11 PH sensor Figure-12 LCD Display Figure-13 Temperature Sensor Figure –14 Water Pumps Page | 42 Figure-15 Feeder Figure-16 Turbidity Sensor Figure-17 GSM Mobile 5.12-Test Results: No Temperature PH Level 1 0 5.9 2 5 6.1 3 10 6.37 4 15 6.5 5 20 6.9 6 25 7 7 30 7.21 8 35 7.47 9 40 8.0 10 45 8.6 Table -3 Test Results Page | 43 5.13-Graph: 5.2-ANALYSIS: The temperature of water is proportional to the PH level. As we keep on increasing the temperature, the PH level also increases. Page | 44 CHAPTER 6: ECONOMIC ANALYSIS Page | 45 6.0-Economic Analysis: Economically at the student level, this type of project is itself a huge task, because the components to be used are basically very expensive and being the citizens of under developed country it is hard to maintain both ends meet. Anyhow with leaps a bounce all these issues were managed so that the project could be completed within the defined time limits. S. No Components Cost 1 Electronic Valves 3,000 2 Air Pump & Bubbler 3 Micro-Controllers 4 Temperature Sensor 2,200 5 Water Level Sensor 1,100 6 Turbidity Sensor 7 PCB 5,000 8 pH Sensor 3,000 9 LCD 10 Fish Tank with Decoration 11 GSM Mobile 10,000 500 800 500 12,000 3,000 Total 41,100 Table-4 Cost Page | 46 CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION Page | 47 6.0-Conclusion: We started off the project with aim to accomplish the simple looking task of designing an automatic aquarium (SMART Aquarium). But with time and experiences it was learnt that this was not at all an easy task, specially interfacing the sensors and GSM Mobile with the controller. Though we are able to achieve all the goals of our project but still we think that lots of advancement can be done on this project. We have provided the platform and the platform is ready for everyone to work on it. For advancements, we need more time, money and hard work. Money would remain the critical issue cause in order to upgrade the project many of the stuff would need an up gradation. Nevertheless this project has been a success as far as learning and practical implementation of Electronics Engineering concepts is concerned. The basic idea proposed in this project works well and can be implemented on large scale industries like agriculture etc. Having a SMART Aquarium, will save our time and we would not have to be worried for our fish and their aquariums for long time. Page | 48 CHAPTER 7: FUTURE RECOOMENDATIONS Page | 49 7.1-Future Recommendations: After implementing and detailing the project, still it has many future advancement possibilities of which are stated as below: 7.1.1-Air Cooler: Sometime the temperature of inside the aquarium or we can say the temperature of water increases in summers that’s why fish die because of the sudden increase in the temperature. As there is nothing in the aquarium that could reduce the temperature when it has increased so a small air cooler or a fan can be used to decrease the temperature in case the temperature increases up. 7.1.2-Solar Cell: As the aquarium needs 24/7 constant power in order to work so lots of power is consumed, GSM mobile also needs a separate constant power. Lots of power is utilized and it can be a burden on your pocket so in order to reduce this, solar cells or panels can be used to get the constant power. So that there will be no issue of over billing and burden on your pocket. If in case of power failure, the aquarium would not stop its work. 7.1.3-Heater: In winter, most of the time, the temperature of the water goes down like if it is in snowfall area then its temperature would go suddenly down and the sudden variation in the temperature can kill the fish inside the water. In our project we have used a bulb because we live in a region where temperature does not change suddenly. Heater can also be used in order to increase the temperature if it has fallen down. 7.1.4-GSM Module: A GSM modem is a wireless modem that works with GSM networks. A wireless modem behaves like a Hayes compatible dial-up modem. The main difference between a standard Hayes modem and a GSM modem is that a hayes modem sends and receives data through a fixed telephone line while a GSM modem sends and receives data through radio waves. A GSM Page | 50 modem can be an external unit or a PCMCIA card (also called PC Card). An external GSM modem is connected to a PC through a serial cable, a USB cable, Bluetooth or Infrared. Like a GSM mobile phone, a GSM modem requires a SIM card from a wireless carrier in order to operate. We have used a GSM Mobile (6610) for sending the report on the aquarist’s cell number. We had to make a low cost and cost effective project that’s why we selected a GSM Mobile instead of GSM modem so GSM module can be used in future. Page | 51 CHAPTER 8: REFERENCES Page | 52 8.0-Refrences: 8.1-WEB Refrences: [1] Current USA Title: AquaChef Automatic Fish Feeder | Visiting Date: 02/Feb/2011 ©2005-2009 Current Inc. | Updated: March 2, 2009 - 16:10 http://www.current-usa.com/aquachef.html [2] New York Times Company Title: Nutrafin ProFeed Automatic Feeder | Visiting Date: 05/Feb/2011 ©2011 About.com. All rights reserved. A part of New York Times Company (www.nytco.com) http://saltaquarium.about.com/od/toppicks/tp/TPautofeeders.htm [3] Alibaba.com Title: Automatic Aquarium | Visiting Date: 05/Feb/2011 © 1999-2010 Alibaba.com Hong Kong Limited and licensors. All rights reserved. http://www.alibaba.com/product-gs/238098574/automatic_aquarium.html [4] Aquarium Guys Title: Aquarium size| Visiting Date:25/3/2011 ©2011 Aquarium guys. All rights reserved. http://www.buzzle.com/articles/aquarium-care-choosing-the-right-aquarium-size-for-yourfish.html [5] Keith Seyffarth Title: Aquarium and aquarium filters|02/04/2011 ©1994-2011, Keith Seyffarth. All rights reserved. http://www.aqua-fish.net/articles/what-does-my-filter-do.html [6] Current USA Topic: AquaChef Automatic Fish Feeder | Visiting Date: 02/Feb/2011 Page | 53 ©2005-2009 Current Inc. | Updated: March 2, 2009 - 16:10 http://www.current-usa.com/aquachef.html [7] New York Times Title: Nutrafin ProFeed Automatic Feeder | Visiting Date: 05/Feb/2011 ©2011 About.com. All rights reserved. A part of New York Times Company (www.nytco.com) http://saltaquarium.about.com/od/toppicks/tp/TPautofeeders.htm Page | 54 CHAPTER 14: APPENDICES Page | 55 Appendices A: Source Code Page | 56 A-Code: '**************************************************************** '* Name '* '* Date : AQUARIUM.BAS * : All Rights Reserved * : 14-Sep-10 * '**************************************************************** Device = 18F452 'device = 16f877a Xtal = 20 Declare Watchdog = On Declare Adin_Res 10 ' 10-bit result required Declare Adin_Tad FRC ' RC OSC chosen Declare Adin_Stime 60 LCD_DTPin = PORTB.4 LCD_RSPin = PORTB.2 LCD_ENPin = PORTB.3 '----------------------------------------------------------- Dim TEMPERATURE As Float Dim PH As Float Dim SUM_VAR1 As Dword Dim SUM_PH As Dword Dim VAR1 As Word Dim i As Word Dim AVG_VAR1 As Word Page | 57 Dim AVG_PH As Word Dim SECONDS_COUNT As Word Dim VAR_PH As Word Dim Temp As Byte Dim Temp1 As Byte Dim DECIMAL As Word Dim ENTER_COUNT As Byte Dim SETTING_MODE As Byte Dim NLOW_BITS As Byte Dim NHIGH_BITS As Byte Dim BIN2BCD_VAL As Byte Dim BCD2BIN_VAL As Byte Dim SECONDS_SET As Byte Dim NTEMP1 As Byte Dim NTEMP2 As Byte Dim leap As Byte Dim FIRST_RUN As Byte Dim SHOW_SP As Byte Dim SET_POINT As Byte Dim ALARM_BIT As Byte Dim SMS_4_COUNTER As Byte '----------------------------------------------------------Hserial_Baud = 9600 ' Set baud rate to 9600 Page | 58 Hserial_Clear = On ' Enable Error clearing on received characters Input PORTC.7 Symbol DIRTY_WATER = PORTD.7 ' 30 Symbol LOW_LEVEL = PORTD.0 ' 23 Symbol HI_LEVEL = PORTD.1 ' 24 Symbol DRAIN_MOTOR = PORTD.5 '28 Symbol INJECT_MOTOR = PORTD.6 '29 Symbol BUZZER = PORTB.0'33 Symbol ENTER Symbol UP = PORTC.4 = PORTD.4 Symbol DOWN = PORTC.5 Input ENTER Input UP Input DOWN Output BUZZER Input DIRTY_WATER Input LOW_LEVEL Input HI_LEVEL Output INJECT_MOTOR Output DRAIN_MOTOR BUZZER = 0 DelayMS 200 Clear Cls FIRST_RUN = ERead 15 DelayMS 50 Page | 59 If FIRST_RUN >= 25 Then EWrite 15 , [2] DelayMS 50 SET_POINT = 35 EWrite 25 , [SET_POINT] DelayMS 50 EndIf '----------------------------------------------------------Main_Prog: '**************************************************************** If ENTER = 0 Then DelayMS 1000 'Inc ENTER_COUNT If ENTER = 0 Then Cls Print At 1,1,"SET TEMPERATURE SP" 'ENTER_COUNT = 0 SET_POINT = ERead 25 DelayMS 50 Print At 2,1,Dec2 SET_POINT,".0",$df,"C " SETTING_MODE = 1 While ENTER = 0 Wend EndIf Page | 60 EndIf If SETTING_MODE = 1 Then Call SETTING_MODE_SR EndIf Call ANALOG_INPUT SET_POINT = ERead 25 DelayMS 50 If TEMPERATURE >= SET_POINT Then BUZZER = 0 EndIf If TEMPERATURE < SET_POINT Then BUZZER = 1 EndIf If DIRTY_WATER = 1 Then INJECT_MOTOR = 0 Cls Print At 1,1,"CLEANING START" While LOW_LEVEL = 1 INJECT_MOTOR = 0 DRAIN_MOTOR = 1 Print At 2,1, "WATER DRAINING" Wend Cls While HI_LEVEL = 0 Page | 61 DRAIN_MOTOR = 0 INJECT_MOTOR = 1 Print At 2,1,"WATER FILLING" Wend INJECT_MOTOR = 0 DRAIN_MOTOR = 0 EndIf Call PH_ROUTINE Goto Main_Prog **************************************************************** ''''''''''''SUB ROUTINES'''''''''''''''''' SETTING_MODE_SR: BUZZER = 0 While SETTING_MODE = 1 If UP=0 Then DelayMS 200 If UP=0 Then Inc SET_POINT If SET_POINT >= 99 Then SET_POINT = 5 Print At 2,1,Dec2 SET_POINT EndIf EndIf If DOWN=0 Then DelayMS 200 If DOWN=0 Then Page | 62 SET_POINT = SET_POINT - 1 If SET_POINT < 5 Then SET_POINT=99 Print At 2,1,Dec2 SET_POINT EndIf EndIf If ENTER = 0 Then DelayMS 1000 If ENTER = 0 Then Cls EWrite 25 , [SET_POINT] DelayMS 50 SETTING_MODE = 0 Cls EndIf EndIf Wend Return PH_ROUTINE: If PH>=9 Or PH<=5 Then HSerOut ["AT+CMGS=",34,"+923452791444",34,13] 'INC SMS_4_COUNTER HSerIn 3000,SMS_4,[Wait(">")] HSerOut ["PH: ",Dec2 PH,13,10,"TMP:",Dec1 TEMPERATURE,26] 'INC SMS_4_COUNTER Page | 63 HSerIn 8000,SMS_4,[Wait("OK")] HSerOut ["MSG SENT"] DelayMS 3000 EndIf Return ANALOG_INPUT: For i = 1 To 150 VAR1 = 0 VAR1 = ADIn 0 DelayUS 70 VAR_PH = ADIn 1 DelayUS 70 SUM_PH = SUM_PH + VAR_PH SUM_VAR1 = SUM_VAR1 + VAR1 Next AVG_VAR1 = 0 AVG_PH = 0 AVG_PH = SUM_PH / 150 AVG_VAR1 = SUM_VAR1 / 150 SUM_VAR1 = 0 SUM_PH = 0 TEMPERATURE = AVG_VAR1 / 2.048 PH = AVG_PH / 73.07 AVG_PH = 0 AVG_VAR1 = 0 Page | 64 Print At 1,1,"TMP:",Dec1 TEMPERATURE,$df,"C" Print At 2,1,"SP:",Dec2 SET_POINT,$df,"C PH:",Dec1 PH Return Page | 65 Appendix B: Data Sheets Page | 66 LM35 LDR PIC16F452 MAX-232 For any query? Feel free to contact: Salman Khaliq Bajwa
[email protected] +923009049060 Page | 67