NameClass Date SECTION 17-3 REVIEW H YPOTHESES OF H OMINID E VOLUTION VOCABULARY REVIEW Explain the following hypotheses of the evolution of modern humans. 1. multiregional hypothesis 2. recent-African-origin hypothesis MULTIPLE CHOICE Write the correct letter in the blank. 1. The oldest hominid fossils to be found along with stone tools are the fossils of a. Australopithecus robustus. b. Australopithecus boisei. HRW material copyrighted under notice appearing earlier in this work. c. Homo sapiens. d. Homo habilis. 2. Paleoanthropologists infer that Homo habilis ate meat, because they have found a. b. c. d. tool marks on animal bones discovered near H. habilis fossils. fossilized meat in the stomach of H. habilis. pictures of prey animals on the walls of caves inhabited by H. habilis. that the cranial capacity of H. habilis is the same as that of other carnivores. 3. Paleoanthropologists infer that Neanderthals wore clothing made of skins, because they have found a. b. c. d. pieces of clothing near Neanderthal fossils. cave drawings depicting Neanderthals wearing clothing. stone tools that were probably used to scrape animal hides near Neanderthal fossils. bone needles used to sew clothing. 4. The hominid species with the largest cranial capacity was a. Homo habilis. b. H. erectus. c. H. sapiens (Neanderthal). d. H. sapiens (Cro-Magnon). 5. The hominid species with the most-sophisticated tool-making abilities was a. Homo habilis. b. H. erectus. c. H. sapiens (Neanderthal). d. H. sapiens (Cro-Magnon). Modern Biology Study Guide 91 Label each diagram according to the hypothesis it represents. Europe Africa Asia Australia Europe Africa Asia Australia Present 1. The diagrams below represent two hypotheses concerning the evolution of modern humans. HRW material copyrighted under notice appearing earlier in this work. 4. In what other ways might modern H. sapiens have contributed to the disappearance of Neanderthals? STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS Use the figure to answer the following questions. 1. and what two major traits did it have that distinguished it from australopithecines? 2.Name Class Date SHORT ANSWER Answer the questions in the space provided. What do the horizontal arrows in the left diagram and the short horizontal bars on the ends of the branches in the right diagram represent? 92 Section 17-3 Review . What was the earliest Homo species that has been discovered. 1. Describe the position that Neanderthals hold in the hominid phylogenetic tree.000 years ago a b 2. 3.000. Explain how mitochondrial DNA evidence supports the recent-African-origin hypothesis. Critical Thinking Some scientists hypothesize that Neanderthals were eliminated by modern Homo sapiens through direct aggression or the spread of disease.