1.ABSTRACT In this paper, we present the details of the HAWKEYE Technology. The technologyrequires no separate introduction- it is one of the most commonly used technologies in sportsthese days. The HAWKEYE is deployed on many sporting venues across the globe includingalmost all major tennis tournament venues and cricket grounds. In this paper, we restrict ourdiscussion to applications of HAWKEYE specific to Cricket. The topic we choose falls in the category “Tecathlon: Technology in Sports ” and we believe it doesn’t require any further justification.Now-a-days we commonly see visualizations and attractive graphics in the cricketanalysis shows. These include wagon wheels; pitch maps reliable looking software predictionsfor LBW decisions. It is also seen very commonly that important decisions during the course of the game sometimes go wrong due to the human errors in judgment and these can change theway the match is going. With this background, people related to the game have started thinkingof getting in more and more technology into the game to make it more lively, understandable andless prone to mistakes in judgment and hence lesser incorrect umpiring decisions. TheHAWKEYE is one technology which has really shown the promise and can help us in makingvery accurate decisions. Although we all look at the output of this wonderful technologyeveryday on our TV sets, few of us will actually know of the details about the working of thissystem. There is a lot of image processing, plenty of mathematical calculations and other aspectsof engineering which need to be used in order to allow for the development of such a robust andreliable system. This paper attempts to explain all these aspects in some detail 1 INTRODUCTION Hawk-Eye is a computer system used in cricket.2. tennis. • • It is primarily used by the majority of television networks to track the trajectory of balls in flight. It was developed by engineers at Roke Manor Research Limited of UK in 2001 2 . snookers and other sports to visually track the path of the ball and display a record of its most statistically likely path as a moving image Hawk-Eye as the most innovative technology provider in sports broadcasting and is a development that will reinforce the group's presence and influence. 3. HISTORY It was developed by engineers at Roke Manor Research Limited in 2001. 3 . It first hit our screens in 2001 and has been helping to unravel the mysteries of the lbw decision ever since. the patent being held by Paul Hawkins and David Sherry. 99 percent Hawk-Eye was used for referring decisions to the third umpire in LBW. Give a prediction as accurate as 99.4. swing and seam movement of the ball. ABILITIES Hawk-eye can track any type of bounce. spin. 4 . HOW DOES IT WORKS? This is essentially visual processing. From this 3D trajectory. you can determine the speed. angle and deviation of the ball's flight. 5.2 Principle of Hawk-Eye A Hawk-Eye system is based on the principle of ”Triangulation” Triangulation is the process of determining the location of a point by measuring angles to it from known points at either end of a fixed baseline 5 .5.1 Visual representation of hawk eye technology 5. not lasers. There are six calibrated cameras stationed at strategic points around the ground. using cameras. A 3D trajectory of the ball is created from the image data using a process called Kalman Filtering. As a ball is bowled each camera recognises the ball in the image. 5. 6 . The speed of the ball.3 Technology Hawk-Eye takes 2 inputs 1. Video provided by 6 different cameras placed at 6 different places. 2. right from the point where it is released from the bowler’s hand to the point the ball is considered dead. This is updated 100 times every second. The six fixed JAI monochrome cameras. with a 120 MHz frame rate. The system generates a graphic image of the ball path and playing area by using which umpires take decisions. The same can be provided to the television viewers. 7 .4 Processing The cameras are used in two sets. 5. and a multi-channel frame grabber handles each set of cameras. are placed around the playing field They track the ball’s entire trajectory. The images captured are then processed by software to produce a 3-D image. 8 . Hawk-Eye can track accurately and reliable in any conditions. encompassing situations that take the following factors into consideration: . Dark or overcast conditions. Hawk-Eye listens to feedback from customers and officials to ensure that Hawk-Eye remains the very best in the market. the company is constantly trying to develop and refine the system. Quite simply. Although the accuracy of the existing system has been tried and tested. Bright sunlight at different times of the day.6. 9 . Shadows covering part or the majority of the court. Wind (and therefore camera wobble). Tests have always been conducted outdoors. Indoor venues are obviously easier in which to track because conditions are far less variable. on any surface. ACCURACY OF THE TECHNOLOGY During testing in 2006 Hawk-Eye made the correct call in 100% of all tests. 7. speed variations and ball deviation.2 Tennis Hawk-Eye was first used in tennis in the year 2004(US open tennis).1 Cricket Used in the third umpire decision(Referral system) At the end of an over.1 Cricket 7. To view the deviation of the ball from actual track. In tennis Hawk-Eye generates the impact of the ball whether the ball is “IN” or “OUT” 10 .7. APPLICATIONS Its applications are mainly in sports 7. all six deliveries are shown simultaneously to show a bowler's variations such as bounce.4 In some games 7.3 Snookers and 7.2 Tennis 7. 7. 11 .7.4 Games Some games such as “Brian Lara Cricket 2005”also support this technology.3 Snookers This technology is useful in cases where the cue ball touches the specified ball first or any other ball. The error margin in Tennis is 3.It is taking tennis into the technology age Disadvantages: .8.There can be bugs (for example saying in when showing a ball is out) .It is always fun to watch Hawk Eye .It allows competitors to challenge the umpires call if they feel that it was incorrect . ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES Advantages: .6mm .Like any technology it can fail .Takes away from the historical value of Tennis 12 .It helps make decisions that may be to difficult for umpires . g. Hawk-Eye is already working on implementing a system for basketball. after tests suggested that the results of a goal-line incident could be relayed to the match referee within half-a-second (IFAB. 13 . within five seconds). The Football Association has declared the system as "ready for inspection by FIFA". the governing body for the Laws of the game.9. insists on goals being signalled immediately e. 2. FURTHER DEVELOPMENTS 1. CONCLUSION After all the test that have been conducted on this technology. This technology has met the high reality and accuracy features. it has always come out successful and it promises to be a boon for the world of sports and now it is up to the different councils to decide whether to use this technology or not.10. Hawk-Eye is currently developing a system for Football This technology helps to have correct decisions in any kind of game. 14 . hawkeyetechnology.wikipedia.nzherald.cfm?c_id=4 http://archive.espacenet. REFRENCES http://v3.com/tech 15 .usopen.gulfnews.com/indepth/dubaitennis2007/08379 http://www.org/en_US/news/articles/2006-08-10/ http://www.com/textdoc http://www.11.org/wiki/hawkeye http://www.nz/section/4/story.co.