2 INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES1. 2. 3. 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 This question paper consists of two questions. Answer all questions. Write your answers for Question 1 in the spaces provided in the question paper Write your answers for Question 2 on the lined pages at the end of the question paper in detail. You may use equations, diagrams, tables, graphs and other suitable methods to explain your answer. Show your working, it may help you to get marks If you wish to cancel any answer, neatly cross out the answer. The diagrams in the questions are not drawn to scale unless stated. Marks allocated for each question or part question are shown in brackets The time suggested to complete Question 1 is 45 minutes and Question 2 is 45 minutes You may use a non-programmable scientific calculator Hand in this question paper at the end of the examination. Marks awarded Score 3 2 1 0 Description Excellent: The best response Satisfactory: An average response Weak: An inaccurate response No response or wrong response Answer all questions. Question 1 1. An experiment is conducted to investigate the effect of environmental factors on the colonisation of Mucor sp. (fungi) on bread. Three slices of bread are used. Each of the slices is damped with water every day for 5 days and kept in different physical conditions. After five days, the population coverage area of Mucor sp. on the bread slices are observed as shown in Diagram 1. A quadrat of 10 cm X 10 cm is used to estimate the coverage area of Mucor sp. population. Grid lines are drawn to divide the quadrat into 100 small boxes. The area of each box is 1 cm2. The coverage area of Mucor sp. population on the bread is estimated as 1 cm2 when it covers more than half of the box. [Satu eksperimen telah dijalankan untuk mengkaji kesan faktor persekitaran terhadap pengkolonian oleh Mucor sp. (fungi) di atas roti.. Tiga keping roti digunakan. Setiap roti di lembapkan dengan air setiap hari selama 5 hari dan disimpan dalam keadaan fizikal yang berbeza. Selepas 5 hari keluasan kawasan litupan Mucor sp diperhatikan seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah . Satu kuadrat 10cmX10cm digunakan untuk menganggar luas kawasan litupan populasi Mucor sp. Garisan grid dilukis untuk membahagikan kuadrat kepada 100 petak kecil. Luas setiap petak ialah 1cm2. Luas litupan Mucor sp.di atas roti adalah dianggarkan 1cm2 bila meliputi lebih dari separuh petak.] 3 [Scale: 1 box = 1 cm2 ] [Skala: 1 petak = 1 cm ] 2 Place P – A well-lighted place on the laboratory table [Tempat P - atas meja makmal yang cukup cahaya ] Number of boxes covered by Mucor sp [Bilangan petak yang dilitupi oleh Mucor sp] ………………… boxes [petak] Place Q – in the refrigerator with temperature 5ºC Tempat Q – di dalam peti sejuk bersuhu 5ºC] Number of boxes covered by Mucor sp [ Bilangan petak dilitupi oleh Mucor sp] ……………………… boxes [petak] Place R - A dark place in a cupboard [Tempat R – tempat gelap dalam almari] Number of boxes covered by Mucor sp [ Bilangan petak dilitupi oleh Mucor sp] ……………………… boxes [petak] Diagram 1 [Rajah 1] 4 Based on Diagram 1, answer the following questions [Berdasarkan Rajah 1, jawab semua soalan berikut] 1(a)(i) State two observations on the area covered by the Mucor sp [Nyatakan dua pemerhatian tentang kawasan yang dilitupi oleh Mucor sp] Observation 1 [Pemerhatian 1] ………………………………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………………………………. Observation 2 [Pemerhatian 2] ………………………………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………………………………. [3 marks] (a)(ii) State one inference for each observation made in (a) (i). [ Nyatakan satu inferen bagi setiap pemerhatian yang dibuat pada 1(a)(i)] 1(a)(i) Inference for observation 1 [Inferen bagi pemerhatian 1] ………………………………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………………………………. Inference for observation 2 [Inferen bagi pemerhatian 2] ………………………………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………………………………. [3 marks] (b)(i) Record the number of boxes covered by the Mucor sp on each bread in the space provided in Diagram 1. [Catatkan bilangan petak dilitupi oleh Mucor sp di atas setiap kepingan roti dalam ruang yang disediakan dalam Rajah 1]. (a)(ii) (b)(i) [3 marks] 5 (b)(ii) Tabulate the result of the experiment based on the following criteria: [Jadualkan keputusan eksperimen berdasarkan kriteria berikut] • Physical condition of the bread [keadaan fizikal roti ] • • Number of boxes [bilangan petak] Coverage area [luas litupan] [3 marks] (b)(ii) (b)(iii) What is the relationship between the physical condition of the bread and the area covered by Mucor sp. in this experiment? [Apakah hubungan antara keadaan roti dengan luas litupan oleh Mucor sp dalam eksperimen ini?] ………………………………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………………………………. [3 marks] (b)(iii) 6 (c) State the variables in the experiment and explain how the variables are handled. [Nyatakan pembolehubah dan cara mengendalikan pembolehubah] Variables [Pembolehubah] How the variables are handled [Bagaimana pembolehubah dikendalikan ] Manipulated variable [Pembolehubah diimanipulasi] .....……………….…….… ……………………….…. …………………………………………………… …………………………………………………… Responding variable [Pembolehubah bergerakbalas] ……....…………………… ………………….………. …………………………………………………… …………………………………………………… (c) Fixed variable [Pembolehubah dimalarkan] ……....…………………… ……………………..……. …….………………………………………….. ………………………………………………… [6 marks] (d) State the hypothesis for this experiment. [Nyatakan hipotesis bagi eksperimen ini] …………….…………………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………………….…………….. ………………………………………………………………………….…………….. [3 marks] (e) Based on the experiment, define colonisation operationally. [Berdasarkan eksperimen, beri definisi pengkolonian secara operasi] (d) …………….…………………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………………….…………….. ………………………………………………………………………….…………….. [3 marks] (e) 7 (f) The experiment is repeated by using milk instead of water to damp the bread. Predict the area covered by Mucor sp. on the bread in Place R. [Ekperimen ini diulang dengan menggunakan susu menggantikan air untuk melembapkan roti. Ramalkan luas litupan Mucor sp di atas roti pada tempat R ] …………….…………………………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………………………….…………….. ………………………………………………………………………….…………….. [3 marks] (g) Arrange the environmental factor of bread from the most favourable condition to the least favourable condition for the growth of Mucor sp. [Susun keadaan fizikal roti dari keadaan yang paling sesuai kepada yang tidak sesuai untuk pertumbuhan Mucor sp.] (f) (g) [3 marks] [33 marks] 8 2. Diagram 2 shows three types of fruits. [Rajah 2 menunjukan tiga jenis buah-buahan] Apple [Epal] Orange [Oren] Water melon [Tembikai] Diagram 2 [Rajah 2] Plan a laboratory experiment to investigate the percentage of vitamin C content in each fruit. DCPIP (dichlorophenolindophenol) 0.1% solution is used to test the presence of vitamin C in the fruit juices. You can use the common chemicals and science apparatus that can be found in the laboratory. Your report should include: [Rancang satu eksperimen dalam makmal untuk mengkaji peratusan kandungan vitamin C dalam setiap buah. Larutan DCPIP 0.1% digunakan untuk menguji kehadiran vitamin C dalam jus buah. Anda boleh menggunakan bahan kimia dan radas sains yang biasa digunakan dalam makmal Laporan anda hendaklah mengandungi perkara-perkara berikut:] • Problem statement [Peryataan masalah] Aim of experiment [Tujuan eksperimen] Variables [Pembolehubah] Hypothesis [Hipotesis] Apparatus and materials [Radas dan Bahan] Technique [Teknik] Procedures [Kaedah] How data is communicated [Bagaimana data dikomunikasikan] Conclusion [Kesimpulan] [17 marks] • • • • • • • • END OF QUESTION PAPER 9 Untuk Kegunaan Pemeriksa RUANG UNTUK JAWAPAN Bahagian:……………………………………No.Soalan:…………………………. ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ 10 RUANG UNTUK JAWAPAN Bahagian:……………………………………No.Soalan:…………………………. Untuk Kegunaan Pemeriksa ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ 11 RUANG UNTUK JAWAPAN Bahagian:……………………………………No.Soalan:…………………………. Untuk Kegunaan Pemeriksa ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ 12 Schema Paper 3 (4551/3) 1 (a) (i) [KB0601 - Observation] Score Criteria Able to state any two observations correctly according to 2 criteria: 3 • Environmental factor of the bread • Area covered Sample answers: 1. In the place P, well-lighted place (on the laboratory table) the boxes covered is 19(20) boxes 2. In the place R, the dark place (bread in the cupboard) the boxes covered is 39(40) boxes 3. In the place Q, in the refrigerator at temperature 5ºC, the boxes covered is 3(4) boxes. 4. In the place R, the dark place (bread in the cupboard) the boxes covered is more than in well-lighted place 5. In the place R, the dark place (bread in the cupboard) the boxes covered is more than in the refrigerator. 2 Able to state any one observation correctly. or Able to state any two incomplete observations ( any 2 criteria) Sample answers: 1. In the well lighted place on the laboratory table the area covered is less/ small . 2. In the dark place (bread in the cupboard) the area covered is more/ large . 3. In the refrigerator, the area covered is small/least . 4. Different environmental factor will cause different size of area covered. 1 Able to state any one idea of observation.(any 1criteria) Sample answers: 1. Breads are place in different environmental factors. 2. The light effects the area covered. 3. Temperature affects the area covered. Or any other suitable answer. Not able to response or wrong response. 0 13 1 (a) (ii) [KB0604 - Making inferences] Score Criteria Able to make one logical inference for each observation based on the criteria 3 • • Condition of bread Favourable for Mucor sp growth Sample answers: 1. Well lighted place is not suitable favourable for Mucor sp to grow 2. Darker place is condusive for Mucor sp to grow/ favourable/most suitable condition for growth. 3. Cool place is not condusive for Mucor sp to grow 2 Able to make one logical inference for any one observation. or Able to make one logical and incomplete inference base on one criteria for each observation. Sample answer: 1. Different condition will causes different growth rate of Mucor sp. 2. Well lighted place is suitable for Mucor sp to grow. 3. Darker place is the most suitable place. 4. Cool place is not suitable. 5. Temperature affect the Mucor sp growth rate. 1 Able to make an idea of inference with one criteria. Sample answers 1. 2. 3. 4. 0 Mucor sp able to grow on bread Mucor sp will grow in different condition Mucor sp not grow in low temperature. Light affect Mucor sp growth. Not able to response or wrong response. (b)(i) [KB0606 – Communicating] Score 3 Criteria Able to draw a table with all columns and rows labeled with complete unit Sample answers Environmental factor. Place P/ In well lighted place Place R/ In dark place Place Q/ in refrigerator Number of boxes Area covered [cm2] 14 2 1 0 Able to draw a table with 2 label of column. Able to draw a table with 1 label of column Not able to response or wrong response. (b)(ii) [KB0603 – Measuring Using Number] Score 3 Criteria Able to calculate and record all the area covered by Mucor sp. Sample answers Environmental factor Place P/ In well lighted place Place R/ In dark place Place Q/ in refrigerator 2 1 0 Number of boxes 19 39 3 Area covered [cm2]] 19 39 3 Able to calculate and record 4 - 5 number of boxes and area covered Able to calculate and record 2 - 3 number of boxes and area covered Able to give one number of boxes and area covered response, no response or wrong response. (b) (iii) [KB0607 – Interpreting Data] Score Criteria 3 Able to state clearly and accurately the relationship between the environmental factor and size of area covered by Mucor sp. based on the criteria: • • • Environmental factor Coverage area of Mucor sp. Suitable for growth Sample answer: 1. In the dark place the Mucor sp. coverage area is the largest because dark condition is the most suitable place to grow. 2. In the well-lighted area the Mucor sp. coverage is less because the well lighted place is less suitable place to grow. 3. In the refrigerator, the coverage is small because cool condition is not suitable for Mucor sp growth. 2 Able to state clearly but less accurate the relationship between the condition of bread and size of area covered by Mucor sp. Sample answer: 1. In the well-lighted area the Mucor sp. coverage is smaller/less than in the dark area place. 2. In the well-lighted area the Mucor sp. coverage is small because the well lighted condition is not a suitable place to grow 3. In the cool area the Mucor sp. coverage is smaller/less than in the dark area. 15 4. The larger size of the Mucor sp coverage show the more suitable condition for Mucor sp to grow. 1 Able to state the idea of the relationship . 1. Coverage area depends on the condition of the bread 2. Different condition affect the Mucor sp. coverage on bread. 3. Temperature affect the growth of Mucor sp. 4. Mucor sp growth effected by bread condition. Not able to response or wrong response. 0 (c) [KB061001 – Controlling Variables] Variables Manipulated: Environmental factor How the variables are operated Bread slices are placed in three different conditions/ in welllighted place, dark place and refrigerator. Count the boxes and calculate the area coverage using the scale given/ 1cm2 each box. Using the same type of bread for all condition/ The observation is done after 5 days. [Each answer = 1 mark] (d) [KB0611- Making Hypothesis] Score Criteria 3 Able to state a hypothesis to show a relationship between the manipulated variable and responding variable and the hypothesis can be validated, base on 3 criteria: • manipulated variable • responding variable • relationship Sample answer : 1. In the dark place, the area coverage by Mucor sp. Is the largest. 2. In well- lighted place, the area coverage by Mucor sp. is smaller than in the dark place. 3. In the refrigerator/ low temperature, the area coverage by Mucor sp. is the least. 2 Able to state less accurate hypothesis to show a relationship between manipulated variable and responding variable base on 2 criteria. Sample answer 1. Different place has different size of Mucor sp. area coverage Responding: Coverage area Fixed: Type of bread/ time taken 16 2. Different condition has different coverage area of Mucor sp 3. Temperature/light affect the size of the area covered by Mucor sp. 1 Able to state idea of hypothesis to show a relationship between manipulated variable and responding variable base on 1 criterion. Sample answer 1. The area coverage is varied 2. Mucor sp can survive in different condition 3. Temperature affect the Mucor sp growth 4. Light affect the Mucor sp growth 0 Not able to response or wrong response. (e) [KB0609 ] [Define operationally] Score Criteria 3 Able to explain the colonisation operationally base on 3 criteria: • Mucor sp (pioneer organism) • inhibit (successfully) • bread (new habitat) Sample answer: 1. Colonisation is the process of Mucor sp firstly/successfully inhabit/ populate the new bread. 2 Able to state the colonisation process base on 2 criteria. Sample answer: 1. Colonisation is the process of Mucor sp inhabit/ live on the bread. 2. Colonisation is when the bread is inhabit successfully by organism. 1 Able to state the idea of the colonisation or the theoretical definition of colonization or hypothesis. 1. Colonisation is the process of pioneer species successfully inhibit/ populate the new habitat. 2. Colonisation is the process inhibition of new bread. 3. The process where Mucor sp grow on bread. Not able to response or wrong response. 0 (g) [KB0605 – Predicting] 17 Score Criteria 3 Able to predict the result accurately base on 3 criteria. • Expected area coverage (more than place R) • Compare to which • The reason of the answer Sample answer: The coverage area is 40 /above 40 cm2 is more than area coverage in place R, because milk contain sufficient nutrient for higher rate of Mucor sp growth. . 2 Able to predict the result less accurate base on 2 criteria Sample answer: 1. The area coverage is more than in place R, because milk have nutrient for Mucor sp to grow rapidly. 2. The area coverage is 40 cm2 more than in place R. 3. The area coverage is different, more than in place R because milk have nutrient for Mucor sp to grow rapidly Able to give idea of the result base on 1 criterion. Area coverage is more/ is 40 cm2 The area coverage is more than R Milk have more nutrient for Mucor sp to grow faster. The area coverage is different from in the place R Not able to response or wrong response. 1 0 (i) [KB0602 – Classifying] Score Criteria 3 Able to classify the physical conditions of bread from the most favorable to Mucor sp to the least favorable. Sample answer Condition Place R Place P Place Q 1 2 3 2 1 0 Able to classify 2 conditions Able to classify 1 condition Not able to response or wrong response. 18 QUESTION 2 Aspect KB061201 Identifying Problem Statement Criteria Able to write a problem statement correctly base on 3 criteria: • Manipulated variables • Responding variables • Question relationship. Sample Answer 1. What is the percentage of vitamin C content in watermelon, orange and apple?/ fruits? 2. Does apple/orange/watermelon contain more vitamin C than orange/watermelon/apple? 3. Which fruit has more percentage of vitamin C? Able to write a problem statement but less correctly base on 2 criteria. Able to give an idea about the problem statement base on 1 criteria. Wrong or no response 0 Able to state the objective of the experiment correctly Objective Sample Answer 1. To determine the percentage of vitamin C in watermelon, orange and apple/ given fruits. 2. To investigate the percentage of vitamin C in watermelon, orange and apple/ given fruits. Score 3 2 1 √ Aspect Variables Criteria Able to identify all the three variables correctly Sample Answer • Manipulated variable : type of fruit • Responding variable : percentage of vitamin C • Fixed variable : concentration of DCPIP / volume of DCPIP Score √ 19 Aspect KB061202 Criteria Score 3 Able to write a suitable hypothesis correctly base on the 3 criteria: Making • Manipulated variable hypothesis • Responding variable • Relationship Sample Answer Watermelon has highest content of vitamin C compare to other fruits. Orange has the highest content of vitamin C. Apple has the lowest content of vitamin C. [note: wrong hypothesis is accepted] Able to write a hypothesis but less correctly base on the 2 criteria. Able to give an idea about the problem statement base on 1 criterion. No response 2 1 0 Aspect KB061205 Materials and Apparatus Criteria Able to list all materials and apparatus needed to carry out the experiment successfully. Sample Answer Materials (M) juice/apple juice Apparatus (A) Materials : : Conical flask /beaker Syringe with needle Specimen tube All M and A DCPIP solution Standard Ascorbic Acid Fruit juices : Syringe with needle Specimen tube All M and A without beaker/container : DCPIP solution Standard Ascorbic Acid Fruit juices / watermelon Score 3 juice/orange 2 Apparatus 20 Materials : DCPIP solution Standard Ascorbic Acid Fruit juices : Syringe with needle 1 Apparatus All M and A without beaker/container and specimen tube Incomplete list or wrong or no response 0 Aspect Technique Criteria Able to state the technique used in carrying out the experiment correctly Sample Answer Calculate percentage of vitamin C content using formula : Score B1 = 1 Percentage of Vitamin C (M1) = M1 M2 V1 V2 Aspect KB061204 Procedure K1 K2 K3 K4 K5 / readings : : : : : = = = = M2 X V2 V1 concentration of fruit juice. concentration of standard ascorbic acid. the volume of fruit juice the volume of standard ascorbic acid. Criteria Score Able to write all the steps in carrying out the experiment successfully. Steps to set up the apparatus Steps to handle the fixed variable Steps to handle the manipulated variable Steps to handle the responding variable Precautionary steps / steps taken to get accurate results Scoring Rubric All K1-K5 present Any 3 – 4K present Any 2K present 3 2 1 21 1K or wrong response [√] is given for any 1K present. Sample Answer Procedure Three specimen tubes is labeled as A1, A2 and A3. Filled each specimen tubes with 1 ml of 0.1% DCPIP solution . Use a syringe to take 10 ml of standard ascorbic acid . Place the syringe needle into the DCPIP solution and release the ascorbic acid slowly into the DCPIP solution in A1 Observe the change of DCPIP colour and stop releasing the ascorbic acid when the DCPIP become colourless/ no more blue traces Record the volume of ascorbic acid used to dicolourised the DCPIP. Repeat step 3 – 6 for A2 and A3 and calculate the average volume. Juices from each of the fruits is obtained and keep it fresh before used Three specimen tubes is labeled as (B1, B2, B3, C1, C2, C3, D1, D2 and D3), and fill each specimen tubes with 1 ml of 0.1% DCPIP Repeat the step 2 – 7 by using fruit juices to replace the standard ascorbic acid. Do not shake the bottle to prevent from DCPIP is oxidated. Record the volume of watermelon juice, apple juice and orange juice that discolourised the DCPIP in the table and calculate the average volume Calculate the percentage of vitamin C in each of the fruit 5K Notes 0 K1 K2 1. 2. K1 K1 3 4 K4 5 K4 6 K1/K5 7 K1/K5 8 K1/K2 9 K3 10 K5 K4 11 12 K4 13 =3m 22 juice using the formula below: 3-4K = 2 m 1-2K = 1 m Percentage of vitamin C = volume of 0.1% ascorbic acid X 1.0mgcm-1 in fruit juice volume of fruit juice Aspect Criteria Score B2 = 1 Communi- Able to draw a complete table to record the relevant data base cating data on the 3 criteria: • Type of juices • Juice volume (cm3) • Percentage of ascorbic acid in juices (%) Sample Answer Type of juices DCPIP volume (cm3) Juice volume (cm3) Percentage of ascorbic acid in juices (%) Standard Ascorbic Acid Apple juice Orange juice Watermelon juice Able to draw a complete table to record the relevant data with 2 criteria Able to draw a table to record the relevant data but incomplete with 1 criterion. Wrong or no response 2 1 0 23 Aspect Criteria Score Able to write a suitable conclusion for the experiment: Conclusion Sample Answer Watermelon has higher content of vitamin C compare to other fruits or Orange has the highest content of vitamin C or Apple has the lowest content of vitamin C. Hypothesis accepted // Hypothesis rejected only √ No tick Aspect Criteria Score KB061203 Able to write a complete report for the experiment. Experimen- Scoring Rubric ting 8 – 9 aspects correct 6 – 7 aspects correct 3 2 1 3 – 5 aspects correct 0 Less than 3 aspects correct