Project Report On “Tubing Retrievable Sub-Surface Safety Valves”Summer Internship 1st June-25th July2008 At Submitted To: Mr. Cecil Antao (Ops/Mktg Account Manager) Submitted By: Ashwin Soni Metallurgical Engineering & Material Science 2005-2010 IIT Bombay, Powai Abhishek Bansal Gas Engineering 2005-2009 UPES, Dehradun Tubing Retrievable Sub Surface Safety Valve Page 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We sincerely thank Mr. C.K. Pathak (Country Manager, India & Bangladesh, BOT) for providing us with this opportunity to learn and be part of this prestigious organization. We would give our special thanks to Mr. Cecil Antao (Ops/Mktg Account Manager, BOT) for guiding us throughout the eight week summer internship program and helping us in each and every aspect as our mentor regardless of the busy schedule he had which kept our morals high. We give special thanks to Mr. Abhishek Kaushic (Sales Manager, BOT), Mr. Sushil Keshkar (Ops/Mktg Account Manager, BOT), Mr. D.K. Shayamal (Ops/Mktg Account Manager, BOT) and Mr. Rudappan Silvaguru (Field Service Manager, BOT) for providing us support and a platform to interact with the BOT team. We extend our sincere thanks to the Field Engineers, Commercial Team, Logistics and Supply Chain Management Team, IT and Finance Department for providing us with the knowledge of the operations and sharing their vast experiences with us. This summer internship has been a valuable learning experience and has helped us gain a perspective of the MNC culture and the corporate environment. We respect the core values of the company “Integrity, Teamwork, Performance and Learning “and will try our best to incorporate them into our actions. We thank Baker Oil Tools for providing us all the information required and allowing us to use it in this report. All in all being a part of Baker Hughes has been memorable and overwhelming. Tubing Retrievable Sub Surface Safety Valve Page 5 CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the project entitled “Tubing Retrievable Sub-Surface Safety Valves” Submitted by Mr. Abhishek Bansal B.Tech., Gas Engineering (2005-09) from University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun & Mr. Ashwin Soni Dual Degree, Metallurgical Engineering & Material Science (2005-10) from IIT Bombay, Powai is an approved record of work carried out by them at Baker Oil Tools, Baker Hughes, India Project Office, Mumbai under proper guidance for a period of eight weeks (w.e.f. 1st June to 25th July, 2008). ____________ Cecil Antao (Ops/Mktg Account Manager) Baker Oil Tools, Baker Hughes Asia Pacific Ltd. Mumbai Tubing Retrievable Sub Surface Safety Valve Page 6 BG and ONGC and participated in breaking and redressing of various tools. A Brief Review of the Summer Internship The summer internship at Baker Oil Tools started w. On the last day of the Internship we delivered a presentation on the project to the BOT team on the Project assigned to us i.e. For the next 6 weeks we were taken to workshops at ITS (International Tubular Services) at Ghansoli and British Gas. We learned about various products of Baker Oil Tools such as Liner Hangers. They envisioned us about the task their team performs in order to carry out smooth and unrestricted operations in BOT. Performance. We also assisted the Field Engineers working on live project for the BOT customers like GSPC.e. Multilateral Assembly. External Casing Packer etc. Teamwork and Integrity”. IT Team. “Tubing Retrievable Sub Surface Safety Valves”. Tubing Retrievable Sub Surface Safety Valve Page 7 . Full Bore Isolation Valve. On the first day. We also were taken to Baker INTEQ workshop for one day visit to have a glance of the equipments available there. It was followed by a presentation on the core values of Baker Hughes “Learning.1. In the following two weeks presentations were delivered by the Finance Team. the HSE orientation took place wherein we were told about the Safety Policies of BOT. Logistics and Supply Chain Management Team and the Commercial Team. for a period of eight weeks. Wadala situated in Mumbai.e.f. In the workshops we gained valuable experience by working along with the Field Engineers. 1st June to 25th July i. ............................ 12 INTRODUCTION ...... 14 1.............................. 5 1...................................... 24 Chemical Injection Capabilities ............................................................ CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............... 23 Unique Flapper Design .....................................................................................................1 6............................................................................ A Brief Review of the Summer Internship ............................... 20 THE Fishing Company ....3 Reservoir Technology and Consulting.....2 6........................................................................................................ 20 THE Workover Company ................................... 17 5...................1........................................................................1 7............................................................................................................................ 3....................................... 22 7.......................................................................................................................... 4........2............................................................................................................................................................ 14 5..........................................................2 Introduction ........................................................2 Completion & Production .............................................................................................1......................................................... 23 RBT Threads ..............................................................1 About Baker Hughes .................. 23 Rating Envelope ............................ 20 7................. 20 6............................................................... 14 1............................................................................ 2........................................................................... 19 BAKER OIL TOOLS................................... 22 Overveiw ................................................................................................................................................................................................1 Drilling & Evaluation ............ 5........................................................... SUB-SURFACE SAFETY SYSTEMS........... 26 Tubing Retrievable Sub Surface Safety Valve Page 8 .................................................................................................... 8 LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES ....................................................... 16 1............................................................................................................................................................................................................2 6............................................................................................................................ 7 CONTENTS ........................................................................ 13 BAKER HUGHES INCORPORATED ......... Financial Highlights ...................3 THE Completion Company ........................1................................................... .................... 42 SelecT™ SUBSURFACE SAFETY VALVE ................................................. 41 TITAN™ SERIES SUBSURFACE SAFETY VALVE .............................................4 Models available in T-Series ................................................................................................... 51 Page 9 Tubing Retrievable Sub Surface Safety Valve ......... Basic Principle .................. 49 8..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 29 Contrast between SSCSV’s and SCSSV’s: ..................... 30 Versions of Safety Valves:.............Control Line Connection .................................... 34 8............. 34 Working of a TRSCSSV .................................................................................. 31 Tubing Retrievable Surface Controlled Sub Surface Safety Valve (TRSCSSV) ................................. 29 Sub-Surface Controlled SSSV’s: .......................................................................................................................................... Industry Standards for Subsurface Safety Valves .................................................................................................................................................... 51 Fail-Safe Setting Depth .................................... 45 TRITON™ SERIES BALANCE LINESUBSURFACE SAFETY VALVE ..... 44 NEPTUNE™ SERIES NITROGEN-CHARGED SUBSURFACE SAFETY VALVE ......................................................................................................... 47 T-SERIES™ SUBSURFACE SAFETY VALVE ..............................3 Assembly Drawing and Component List ................................................................................................................. 50 TSM (E) Series and TUSM (E) Series ...........4 8................................6 The Basic Hydrostatic Pressure Calculations ...................................................................................................5 8...................... 27 7..... 29 Surface Controlled SSSV’s: .......................3 1...................................... 30 7.................................................................................................. 50 8.................................................................................................................. 38 Onyx™ SERIES SUBSURFACE SAFETY VALVES.....................................................................................................1 8.............2 8..... 50 TM (E) Series ....................................................................................................................... 39 REALM™ SERIES SUBSURFACE SAFETY VALVE ........................ 2.......................... 36 Models Available .................................................................................................................................................................... 50 T (E) Series . 37 CEMENTSAFE™ SERIES SUBSURFACE SAFETY VALVE ............................................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................8 Technical Evaluation of the ‘T’ Series SSV Equipment .. 60 Evaluation of dynamic seal assembly and metal-to-metal stop seals ............. 66 Self-Equalizing Mechanism ...................................................................... 74 Wireline Insert Safety Valve ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Fail-Safe Setting Depth Calculations ................................................................................................................ 65 Table 4................. 64 Table 3............................................................................................................................................................. 57 Scale Deposition prevention: .. 72 Debris and Sand exclusion barriers ................................................................................................................. 68 Control Line Jam Nut Connection ............... 57 Flow Tube Closure Assist Tool ........................................ 60 Components of dynamic seal assemblies and metal-to-metal stop seals: .................................................Features and Benefits of Wedge Shape Flapper .................... 61 Baker Oil Tools' Detent System for the 'T'-Series Safety Valves ....................................................................................................... 52 Opening and Closing Pressure Calculations ................................ 53 8.......................................................................................................Features and Benefits of Curved (Slim line) Flapper ................................................................................................................................ 56 Flow Tube Design Features ................................................................. 59 8...................................................................................................................................................................... 74 Flapper Lock Open Tool ................................................................................ 63 Flapper and hinge pin design.....................................................................................................9 ‘T’ Series accessory tools ...7 Design Principles and Philosophy ............ 59 Permanent Lock Open Features....... 58 Dual opposite wound Power Spring............................. 56 Debris Exclusion/Control Design Consideration:.................................... 73 8......... 57 How side loading and torsional forces on a rod piston are perceived and designed for.................................................. 75 Tubing Retrievable Sub Surface Safety Valve Page 10 ............................... 59 Outer Housing thread seal design philosophy .................................................................................................................................................................................. ................................................... 77 9.......................Separation Sleeve ................................................. 78 BIBLIOGRAPHY ..................................................................................................................................................... 76 Control Pressure Communication Tool..................................................................................................................................... CONCLUSION ................................................................. 79 Tubing Retrievable Sub Surface Safety Valve Page 11 .................... 10.............. ............................... 37 Figure 9................................ 24 Figure 2........... 55 Table 3....................Location of Metal to Metal Stop Seal .................................................................................................................................................................................... 25 Figure 3-Curved Flappers .......RBT Thread Performance Envelope ................ 74 Figure 19...................................................Debris and Sand Exclusion Barriers ..........................Baker Jam Nut ................. 72 Figure 17.5 (5........................................................ 75 Figure 20........................................................................................................................................................... 67 Figure 16.....................RBT Thread connection....................A Sub Surface Safety Valve ......................................................................Flapper Lock Open Tool .. LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES Table 1......List of TE 5 (5.................................Curved Flapper Design .................... 28 Figure 6.......................................5”) model (7) ................................................................................................3.................... 61 Figure 11........................... 66 Figure 15.....................................................................................Dynamic Seal Assembly .............................................. 34 Figure 8............................................................... 59 Figure 10............................................................................................................................................. 29 Figure 7...................Wedge Shaped Flapper (Three point contact shown above) ............. 27 Figure 5..................................... 77 Tubing Retrievable Sub Surface Safety Valve Page 12 ......................................................................................................................................Model "T (E)-5" Safety Valve (Assembly Drawing) (7) ........................ 35 Table 2.............................................................................................................................. 63 Figure 13..........................................................................................................................................Fail Safe Setting Depth Calculations for the T (E) .................................. 62 Figure 12......................................Wireline Insert Safety Valve ...............Features and Benefits of Wedge Shape Flapper .......................Features and Benefits of Curved (Slim line) Flapper ...... 73 Figure 18............................. 66 Figure 1.....Control line and its connections ............................................................Self Equalizing Mechanism ...........Single Hinge Flapper Assembly ..........5") Components .......................................Subsurface Safety Valve Type .................................... 26 Figure 4-Chemical injection feature simplifies the completion and maximizes the benefits from injection process ...........................................Detent System/Shock Absorber ..................................................... 64 Figure 14................. 65 Table 4.......Control Pressure Communication Tool . one is tubing retrievable and other is wireline retrievable. the environment and to prevent any production losses. They are either surface controlled or subsurface controlled. It is also required for shutting in a well. The tubing retrievable subsurface safety valves are most widely used in the oil industry and are available in various models for various applications. There are various versions of such subsurface safety valves available with Baker Oil Tools. INTRODUCTION The safety systems are required for the protection of the personnel around the platform. production testing. in case of emergency shut down due to catastrophe. Tubing Retrievable Sub Surface Safety Valve Page 13 . They are available in various designs offering different features which have been discussed further. The surface controlled one is available in two types. inspection and other routine operations. The safety valves keep the well shut in when the control line pressure is released and open up when the pressure is again maintained (in surface controlled type safety valves).4. produce and manage oil and gas reservoirs. The newly-formed Reservoir Technology and Consulting Group includes two consulting firms – Gaffney.5. We also provide reservoir engineering and other consulting services. reliable technology to find. with unique capabilities in reservoir engineering and geomechanics. Cline & Associates and GeoMechanics International – that provide technical and commercial consulting. Baker Hughes operates in over 90 countries serving independent. Tubing Retrievable Sub Surface Safety Valve Page 14 . BAKER HUGHES INCORPORATED 5. 1. The segment includes Baker Atlas.1. INTEQ and Hughes Christensen. Baker Hughes is the only major oilfield service company structured around strong productline divisions that are focused on Best-in-Class products and services. Our divisions are organized in two segments -. completion and production.Drilling & Evaluation and Completion & Production -. formation evaluation.1 Drilling & Evaluation Our Drilling & Evaluation segment includes divisions that apply their products and services primarily during the drilling process to improve efficiency. reduce risk and acquire accurate information. We create value for oil and gas producers by providing advanced. develop.which share common opportunities in developing and delivering technology solutions during distinct phases of oil and gas development. Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids. international and national oil companies.1 About Baker Hughes (1)Baker Hughes provides the worldwide oil and natural gas industry products and services for drilling. data management and expert centers to improve drilling operations and enhance formation evaluation. pipe recovery. Hughes Christensen Hughes Christensen is the leader in Tricone™ and PDC drill bit. Tubing Retrievable Sub Surface Safety Valve Page 15 .Baker Atlas Baker Atlas offers a complete range of down-hole well logging services for every environment including advanced formation evaluation. and place wells in productive zones within the reservoir. perforating and completion technologies. production and reservoir engineering. Hughes Christensen application and design engineers work with customers to provide the best drill bit for the application to continuously improve drilling performance. high performance drilling motors. Leading technologies include environmentally compliant water-based and synthetic-based mud systems and remediation fluids that can restore productivity from damaged wells. In addition. and integrated logging-while-drilling assemblies. ream-while-drilling and casing drilling technology. Important technologies include automated rotary steerable directional drilling systems. Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids Baker Hughes Drilling Fluids provides fluids systems and services that help optimize the drilling and completion processes maximize hydrocarbon production and manage drilling waste. INTEQ INTEQ provides real-time services to help oil companies drill more efficiently. and processing and analysis of open and cased hole data complete the service range. evaluate geologic formations. INTEQ also provides data communications. petro-physical and geophysical data acquisition services. and resolve environmental issues. Baker Petrolite Baker Petrolite provides chemical technology solutions for hydrocarbon production. and also delivers pipeline integrity services. Centrilift has expanded the applications for ESP systems to harsh downhole environments that include high gas to oil ratio. Baker Petrolite provides chemicals and technical support to enhance plant processes. transportation and refining processes.1. including electric submersible pumps (ESP) and progressive cavity pump systems. field production. wellbore cleaning. and the Production Optimization business unit. manage water treatment. improve productivity. Tubing Retrievable Sub Surface Safety Valve Page 16 . remediation and stimulation operations. deposition. high temperatures and abrasive laden fluids.1. Baker Petrolite is a leader in oil/water separation technology and in solutions to control corrosion.2 Completion & Production Our Completion & Production segment includes divisions that apply their products and services primarily during the well completion. The segment includes Baker Oil Tools. project management and well monitoring services. and isolation. bacteria and H2S in producing wells and production facilities. Baker Petrolite. heavy oil. Wellbore intervention solutions address issues ranging from temporary well abandonment and fishing to casing exits. transportation and processing. The division has a comprehensive line of completion systems. which maximize performance and safety from the reservoir to the surface. Baker Oil Tools Baker Oil Tools provides completion and intervention solutions that help manage cost and reduce risk while optimizing production. To serve refinery and petrochemical customers. Centrilift. Centrilift Centrilift provides artificial lift systems. as well as specific engineering. New systems also address the needs of coalbed methane and subsea production. 1. which continue to operate as stand-alone consulting firms. reservoir evaluation. chemical automation. Cline & Associates and Geomechanics International. including permanent monitoring. Inc. and consulting services. The unit provides production optimization services centered on the well bore.. 1. geomechanics and energy consulting services. pipeline. and each of its Tubing Retrievable Sub Surface Safety Valve Page 17 . training and software in the field of geomechanics and its application to oil and gas reservoirs. GCA advises a wide group of clients in exploration.ProductionQuest Baker Hughes formed its ProductionQuest business unit to provide technology and services that help maximize recovery from both new and mature fields. In addition to reservoir engineering. drilling and production. GeoMechanics International GeoMechanics International is a leader in consulting. The group currently includes Gaffney. The unit also includes the Baker Hughes Integrated Operations group. which manages projects and combines technologies and services from Baker Hughes divisions and subcontractors to meet customer objectives for both well construction and production optimization. field development. Gaffney Cline & Associates Gaffney Cline & Associates is an international advisory firm focused on providing integrated technical and managerial services to all sectors of the oil and gas industry. GMI was founded in 1996 by a team of experts from Stanford University's Department of Geophysics. refining and LNG projects throughout the world. For more than 45 years GCA has provided strategic and detailed advice aimed at achieving practical and commercially viable results. intelligent production systems.3 Reservoir Technology and Consulting Baker Hughes recently formed the Reservoir Technology and Consulting Group to enhance the company’s capabilities in reservoir engineering. save Non-Productive Time (NPT) and help increase production and recoverable reserves. GMI methods are focused on applying geomechanics modeling to the entire life of a reservoir and are based on 20 years of R&D and more than 12 years of practical application to oilfield problems. These methods have been proven to reduce exploration risk.consultants is a recognized leader in the field of geomechanics. Tubing Retrievable Sub Surface Safety Valve Page 18 . 87 2.540 308. (Mil) $ Shares Out (Mil) Float (Mil) Dividend Information Yield % Annual Dividend Payout Ratio (TTM) % Financial Strength Quick Ratio (MRQ) Current Ratio (MRQ) LT Debt/Equity (MRQ) Total Debt/Equity (MRQ) 1.29 62.64 0.87 25.2 Financial Highlights (2) Price & Volume Recent Price $ 52 Week High $ 52 Week Low $ Average Vol (Mil) (RTMA) Beta Share Related Items Market Cap.629 1.060.52 10.79 16.020 305. Tubing Retrievable Sub Surface Safety Valve Page 19 .36 100.65 89.69 25.5. 2008.36 Mil = Millions RTMA = Rolling Three Month Average TTM = Trailing Twelve Months MRQ = Most Recent Quarter Asterisk (*) indicates numbers are derived from Earnings Announcements Pricing and volume data as of Jul 11.09 0.600 81. without killing the well or pulling the production tubing. 6. In the current era of riskier environments and higher stakes. which allow zonal isolations.3 THE Fishing Company Fast. performance-based completion solutions is based on the world′s most reliable sealing and anchoring technologies. the Baker name has been synonymous with excellence in down-hole and surface technology. H2OPAQSM and H2O-FRAQSM production enhancement processes.6. those qualities are more valuable than ever. 6. Baker Oil Tools applies more than five decades of industry-leading mechanical and inflatable packer technologies to provide integrated solutions that maximize productivity and minimize cost. At the forefront of Baker′s capabilities are its award-winning through-tubing workover technologies. and a no-nonsense approach to risk avoidance. performance and reliability. and InForce™ and InCharge™ Intelligent Well System and High-pressure/high-temperature environments – Baker has built a track record second to none by working closely with its customers to meet or exceed their needs in virtually every completion application. Tubing Retrievable Sub Surface Safety Valve Page 20 . Baker engineers apply practical field experience to industry-leading cutting. 6. Since its earliest days. water shutoffs and well cleanouts to be performed simply. reliable solutions and around-the-world/around-the-clock service make Baker Oil Tools the preferred provider for both traditional and through-tubing fishing and re-entry projects.1 THE Completion Company Baker Oil Tools′ undisputed role as the industry leader in reliable. From the Model D Packer to the FORMation Junction™ Multilateral Completion System. workover and fishing solutions that help exploration and production companies maximize value from their hydrocarbon-bearing assets. BAKER OIL TOOLS (3)Baker Oil Tools leads the world in completion. meticulous planning.2 THE Workover Company When well maintenance or remediation operations become necessary. fishing and milling capabilities to provide a range of solutions that are the most advanced and comprehensive available. Tubing Retrievable Sub Surface Safety Valve Page 21 . the petroleum industry began an accelerated program for the development of standards in relation to safety valves. an operator lost control of a platform and spilled 4. Over 10. Shortly after the Santa Barbara oil spill. The Santa Barbara oil spill is considered one of the key events responsible for promoting the modern environmental movement. Initial testing was done from 1973 . Several attempts to regain control proved to be unfruitful. took the lead in developing specifications and funding an independent test laboratory.1 Introduction (4)In 1969. A post-mortem on the accident showed that the well developed a leak in the tubing and casing between the ocean floor and ocean surface. SUB-SURFACE SAFETY SYSTEMS 7. into the ocean.000 Loons and Western Grebes were killed. unchecked. This highly visible spill brought public attention to the need of safety equipment. Tubing Retrievable Sub Surface Safety Valve Page 22 . This spill was off the coast of Santa Barbara.7. Texas. This allowed the oil to flow.2 million gallons of crude into the ocean. and earned the distinction of being the largest oil spill in California not to mention the most publicised. encircled Anacapa and the eastern each of Santa Cruz Island. A Subsurface Safety Valves would have allowed the operator to regain control of the oil flow immediately.1974 at Southwest Research Institute in San Antonio. The well was finally brought under control by drilling a relief well and pumping in heavy fluids. killing birds and contaminating beaches. The American Petroleum Institute’s Production Department in Dallas. The RBT premium thread connections bring the superior protection and life extending advantages of metal-to-metal sealing technology to thousands of Baker safety valves. Baker Oil Tools offers RBT premium thread connections. The results of this evaluation are plotted in a graphical format which provides visual indication of the safe operating range for the safety valve. ultra slimprofile thread and the use of high tensile strength materials allows for the slimmest outside diameters on the market. The connection's two-step design distributes thread load to impart greater strength than single-step designs. Tubing Retrievable Sub Surface Safety Valve Page 23 . operators can safely plan their completions with confidence that Baker Oil Tools' safety valves will protect their people and investments. Rating Envelope The combination of innovative computer programs and exhaustive laboratory testing has enabled Baker Oil Tools to develop an industry standard for predicting safety valve housing performance capabilities under all loading conditions. The efficiency of the RBT thread design allows Baker Oil Tools to offer the smallest OD's for a given tubing size across the safety valve portfolio. RBT Threads Through extensive FEA analysis and technical research. Each valve includes Baker's proven technologies and innovations that have set many industry standards.2 Overveiw Baker Oil Tools (BOT) is one of the leading suppliers of subsurface safety system equipment. Full line of subsurface safety valves are available for surface-controlled and subsurface-controlled tubing retrievable and wireline retrievable applications. The metal-to-metal seal points at the box and pin noses provide enhanced pressure-containing capabilities. This conservative design approach ensures the thread's ability to withstand aggressive down-hole environments.7. With this load envelope. The combination of this two-step. Figure 1. damage is prevented to the metal-to-metal seals during high torque loads and precisely controls make-up loss. Tubing Retrievable Sub Surface Safety Valve Page 24 . In addition. Unique Flapper Design Focusing on providing customer solutions along with using state of the art engineering practices. The selfequalizing feature allows operators to open subsurface safety valves against differential pressure. Baker Oil Tools has introduced several industry firsts relating to its unique flapper design.RBT Thread Performance Envelope The RBT thread also includes an innovative center torque shoulder design. Baker Oil Tools was the first to offer a patented through the flapper selfequalizing feature which has proven to reduce operating costs for operators. The torque shoulder provides superior resistance to back-off in down-hole service. Baker Oil Tools was the first company to design a 4-1/2 in. These ultra-slimline curved flappers allow operators to reduce their overall costs and maximize their return on investment by maintaining a large bore ID while reducing the casing sizes needed for the completion.Figure 2.Self Equalizing Mechanism This unique design is resilient to debris and erosion which provides ultimate long-term reliability. casing and a 7 in. Tubing Retrievable Sub Surface Safety Valve Page 25 . The key ingredient to this success was the unique curved flapper design. This analysis revealed that a good portion of failures could be eliminated with a wireline damage resistant flapper. The new flapper design protects the seal surface from wireline damage if an operator accidentally closes the valve during wireline operations. and exceptional quality control. The protection offered by the wireline damage resistant flapper extends the safety valve life for operators. innovative engineering practices. The equalizing system has been used successfully in HP/HT and Big Bore applications where equalizing high pressures and large volumes can prove challenging. safety valve to be installed inside 7 in. This design was created after careful review of mean-time-to-failure statistics relating to all subsurface safety valve designs. The curved flapper design was made possible by advanced machining processes. safety valve to be installed inside 9-5/8 in. Baker Oil Tools also provided the industry's first wireline damage resistant flapper design. casing. With this in mind.Figure 3-Curved Flappers For high flow rate natural gas applications. it is the culture within Baker Oil Tools to look for ways to simplify completion designs that will increase system reliability and decrease operator cost while maximizing performance. Chemical Injection Capabilities Scale. paraffin. Every flapper design goes through an intricate engineering process to ensure the flapper can meet the demands of high gas velocities. thereby requiring intervention. or hydrate formation continues to pose significant risks to operators in obtaining desired returns on their investments. Baker Oil Tools recognized the need to design and manufacture one of the world's most rugged flapper designs. Tubing Retrievable Sub Surface Safety Valve Page 26 . Baker Oil Tools' flapper designs have been verified by gas slam tests to the highest rates available in the world. Formation of these solids can jeopardize safety valve function by impeding flow tube movement. Baker Oil Tools offers a chemical injection sub that can be mounted directly on top of the Tubing Retrievable Safety Valve (TRSV). Combining this feature with a Titan Valve will virtually eliminate the need for any chemical injection mandrel in the tubing string above the safety valve. This innovative design incorporates a field-proven doublepoppet system that permits chemical injection directly into the safety valve. This will save the customer money and simplify the completion by reducing the number of components and tubing connections. The Baker metal-to-metal jam nut. Encapsulation improves the crush and abrasion resistance of the control line and can be offered in a variety of materials to suit the customers' down-hole environment. For valve designs that do not offer the integral chemical injection feature. The standard control line provided is welded and drawn and complies to ASTMA269 specifications. Seamless and encapsulated control line is available upon request. Control Line Connection Baker Oil Tools offers control line in a variety of lengths and materials. Injecting chemicals directly into the spring cavity also ensures that the customer will receive the maximum benefit of the injection process by allowing injection directly where it is needed. Baker Oil Tools offers a variety of control line connections to match the application.Figure 4-Chemical injection feature simplifies the completion and maximizes the benefits from injection process A result of this culture is the optional chemical injection feature available with the Titan™ Series Subsurface Safety Valve. which Tubing Retrievable Sub Surface Safety Valve Page 27 . provides reliable control line connections at the safety valve.000 psi (689 bar) and below. Baker Oil Tools offers Autoclave connections.000 psi (689 bar). This jam nut features a front and rear ferrule design that reduces the potential leak path from control line to annulus.Control line and its connections Tubing Retrievable Sub Surface Safety Valve Page 28 . (5) Figure 5. For working pressures greater than 10.is standard for valve working pressures of 10. Surface Controlled SSSV’s: The SCSSV’s (Surface Controlled Subsurface Safety Valve). inside the well itself. They are set and retrieved by wireline. The control pressure acts n a jack which pushes a sleeve back thereby opening the valve. closed when no pressure is applied in the control line). SSSV. wellhead torn off.3 Basic Principle Depending on the environment and on the type and pressure of the produced effluent. At the same time it compresses a powerful return spring.A Sub Surface Safety Valve (6)There are two types of SSSV’s: 1. are controlled from the surface by hydraulic pressure in the control line and are normally closed (i. Sub-Surface Controlled SSSV’s: These valves that were often called storm chokes are now termed SSCSV (SubSurface Controlled Subsurface Safety Valves). As long as the control pressure is kept at the set Tubing Retrievable Sub Surface Safety Valve Page 29 . It supplements the one(s) on the wellhead if they should happen to be out of order (valve failure. of the fail safe type. They close the well following a modification in flow conditions where they are located: a) Either when the ambient flow rate increases (and so the pressure loss across the valve also increases) b) When there is a pressure drop opposite the valve. Figure 6. it may be necessary to place a SubSurface Safety Valve.7. Baker Oil Tools Manufactures injection valves and velocity valves which fall under SSCSV’s 2.e. etc). the depth at which it can be installed in the well is limited by the capacity of its running string. explosion or impact. all that is required to reopen the valves is to increase the pressure in the control line with the well head closed. The well’s safety can therefore be achieved manually or automatically whether the trouble is directly related to the well or not: fire. process problem. etc. Wireline Retrievable: Set in a special landing nipple and retrieved by wireline. the wellhead safety valve alone can be closed or. However. Contrast between SSCSV’s and SCSSV’s: The SCSSV does not depend directly on ambient flow conditions in the well. so that the valve will not be damages when it opens. Also due to its design. in conjunction with it. a lot of progress has been made regarding the reliability and tightness of flappers. Currently check valves seem to be preferred choice as they are much simpler. even though the sleeve weldment (pivot cage) is complex and fragile.operating value. The spring must be sufficiently compressed to overcome the opposing force due to the weight of the hydrostatic column of the hydraulic fluid in the control line that governs the valve and acts directly on the jack. but rather on one or more parameters measured at the well head. Otherwise it is also necessary to recompress the tubing above the valve (by means of a pump. Tubing Retrievable Sub Surface Safety Valve Page 30 . if it falls below a certain threshold then the valve will close automatically solely under the effect of the return spring. Here. Also.7 MPa (100 psi). Some valves are equipped with an internal equalization device. Depending on the degree of safety required.e. a nearby well. etc. This also allows the subsurface valve to be controlled via a number of safety systems connected to process facilities. the subsurface safety valve can also be closed. Due to the design of the hydraulically controlled valve. Versions of Safety Valves: 1. For a long time preference was given to ball valves. mainly because of the sealing quality. the valve remains open.) The SCSSV closing and sealing mechanism is either a flapper valve or a ball valve. more rugged and robust (i. safer). the valve could not be opened as long as the pressure difference between above and below the closing and sealing mechanism exceeds an average of 0. Metallic material.Stress Corrosion Cracking Service is for use in oil or gas wells where corrosive agents could cause stress corrosion cracking. This valve must meet the requirements for a Class 1 and Class 2 valve and be manufactured from materials which are resistant to stress corrosion cracking.Sandy Service is for use in oil or gas wells where a substance such as sand could cause valve malfunction or failure (this valve must also meet the Class 1 service requirements). suitable for a 3S environment.4 Industry Standards for Subsurface Safety Valves The recognized industry standard for Subsurface Safety Valve systems is published in the American Petroleum Institute Specifications.Standard Service is for use in oil or gas wells which do not exhibit the detrimental effects caused by sand or stress corrosion cracking. Classes of Service Subsurface safety valves. Safety Valve Landing Nipples. Class 1 . installation and operations of safety valve systems. These two documents prescribe the minimum standards for quality assurance and performance to provide the maximum reliability of Subsurface Safety Valve equipment. shall be in accordance with NACE MR0175. Class 3 . API Spec 14A and API RP 14B. They also provide guidelines for the design. 7. The following is a brief overview of these standards. safety valve locks and safety valve landing nipples must meet acceptable standards for materials manufacturing and testing for one of four classes of service. and all components that establish tolerance and/or clearances which may affect performance or interchangeability. Class 2 .2. Tubing Retrievable: Screwed onto the tubing and pulled out with all or part of the equipment in the well. Tubing Retrievable Sub Surface Safety Valve Page 31 . API 14A The API 14A specification covers Subsurface Safety Valves. Safety Valve Locks. 3S for sulfide stress cracking service and 3C for chloride stress cracking service. Within this service class there are two sub-classes. subassemblies and assemblies of SSSV equipment shall be traceable except. Supplied Documentation Each monogrammed SSSV. see specification of specific requirements. Equipment Marking SSSV equipment marking on the exterior surface with the manufacturer’s name or trademark. Common hardware. rated working pressure. monogram. serial number. and pressure classifications. Hardness Each pressure containing part shall be hardness tested in accordance with API.Class 4 . SV Locks and Nipples shall be delivered to the operator with a Manufacturer’s Shipping and Receiving Report and an Operating Manual. Dimensional Inspection All traceable components. Beans. must be dimensionally inspected to assure proper function and compliance with design specifications and drawings. Class 1 or Class 2 and be manufactured from materials which are resistant to stress corrosion cracking. A Subsurface safety valve which has qualified for Class 1 or Class 2 service will be considered qualified for Class 3 service without requalification testing. Traceability All components. model number. when it is manufactured from materials resistant to stress corrosion cracking. This list is a general requirements. weldments. Tubing Retrievable Sub Surface Safety Valve Page 32 . class of service. except elastomeric seals.Weight Loss Corrosion Service is for use in oil or gas wells where corrosive agents could be expected to cause weight loss corrosion. date of manufacture. Welding No Welding is performed on a Broken Arrow SSSV. Springs. This recommended practice is directed toward wireline. Inspection and Testing Safety valve inspection begins on location where documentation should be checked to verify serial numbers. and that all other visible features do no exhibit marring distortion that may interfere with safety valve operation. After installation of the SSSV in the well. (4) Tubing Retrievable Sub Surface Safety Valve Page 33 . the valve should be closed under minimum no-flow conditions by operations of the surface control. pressure build-up or flow test. size in accordance with the design. repair. Verification of closure may be accomplished by wire-line. and guidelines for operating and testing to assure sage and efficient performance of the SSSV system. On new and replaced SSSVs. Ascertain that all visible sealing elements are not damaged or deformed. Also included are procedures for reporting failures. connections should be tightened or checked in accordance with operating manual. instructions for safe installation. Before running the SCSSV in the well. the SSSV can be tested for leakage by opening the surface valves to check the flow.API RP 14B The API RP 14B specification covers considerations for system design. The SSSV is then reopened following the operation manual. the opening and closing hydraulics pressures should be verified according to the operating manual. If the well is capable of flow. Ascertain that the SSSV will operate fail-safe at the setting depth before installation. The SSSV should be operated at least every six months. tubing retrievable and pumpdown SSSV systems. and that the safety valve lock for a retrievable safety valve is compatible with the landing nipple in the well. Model "T (E)-5" Safety Valve (Assembly Drawing) (7) Tubing Retrievable Sub Surface Safety Valve Page 34 .8. Tubing Retrievable Surface Controlled Sub Surface Safety Valve (TRSCSSV) 8.1 Assembly Drawing and Component List Figure 7. Table 1.5") Components S.List of TE 5 (5.NO 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Component Name Top Sub Sliding Manderal Nut Dynamic Seal Assmbly Coupling Jamnut Piston Thread Protector Cylinder Sub Bearing Set Screw Coupling Power Spring Flow Tube Spring Stop C-Ring Flapper Stop Flapper Base Spring Housing Flapper Stop Seal Assembly Flapper Pin Torsion Spring Equalizer Flapper Assembly Flange Face Spacer Resilience Seal Rear Ferrule Front Ferrule Quantity 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 Tubing Retrievable Sub Surface Safety Valve Page 35 . when the applied control line pressure is removed. The control line allows the control line fluid to fill inside the control chamber. As soon as the differential pressure is equalized. As soon as the flow tube comes in contact of the closed flapper. the flow tube pushes down the flapper to open position. the pressure in the control line is bled off. Thus the flow from the well is suspended and the well is shut in. The control line is connected to the top sub through the jam nut connection. The piston is connected to the flow tube through coupling thus allowing it to move down as the spring is compressed. To again close the flapper. The piston inturn pushes down the power spring. the valve returns to the closed position thus shutting in the well.8. These valves are controlled from the surface via a small diameter hydraulic control line connecting the safety valve to the surface Emergency Shut-Down System. The hydraulic oil used as the control line fluid is used to pressurize the piston in the control chamber. Since the valve is of the normally closed type. The equalizing port allows the differential pressure across the flapper to equalize. it pushes the plunger of the equalizing port. This decompresses the spring and the flow tube moves up.2 Working of a TRSCSSV The working principle for all TRSCSSV is same. The flapper then closes and the metal to metal seal doesn’t allow any fluid to pass through it. Tubing Retrievable Sub Surface Safety Valve Page 36 . 3 Models Available [Source: Baker Oil Tools Catalog] Figure 8.Subsurface Safety Valve Type Tubing Retrievable Sub Surface Safety Valve Page 37 .8. and secondary puncture communication.most successful and widely used system available to the market • RBT Housing Seals . In addition. The CEMENTSAFE incorporates the successful features from the T-Series™ product offering such as metal-to-metal housing seals.elimination of elastomers and their inherent problems • Unique curved flapper . This combination of features ensures the performance required to meet the demands of harsh environments in cement-through and frac-through applications. the CEMENTSAFE offers superior performance in applications that require the exclusion of flowing debris from the working components of the TRSV. thruthe-flapper self equalizing.two step metal-to-metal sealing system provides strength and sealing under the harshest conditions • Patented radial punch control fluid communication system – eliminates accidental communication primarily associated with linear shifting sleeves Tubing Retrievable Sub Surface Safety Valve Page 38 .CEMENTSAFE™ SERIES SUBSURFACE SAFETY VALVE DESCRIPTION The CEMENTSAFE™ Series tubing retrievable surface controlled subsurface safety valve is designed specifically for use in cement-through and frac-through applications. This exclusion feature not only protects the sealing surfaces of the actuation system but also excludes cement or other debris from entering the flapper cavity of the safety valve. metal-to-metal containment below the flapper. The CEMENTSAFE utilizes a piston with non elastomeric dynamic seals to isolate the control chamber and spring cavity from cement and produced fluids.optimizes OD to ID relationships • Metal-to-metal seal technology . FEATURES/BENEFITS • Complete exclusion of well bore fluids from the spring and flapper cavity .100% metal-to-metal sealing and containment of well bore fluids when the valve is in the closed position • Patented thru-the flapper equalizing system .Ensures smooth and reliable operation in cement-through and frac-through applications • Non elastomeric piston actuator system . The Onyx Series of tubing retrievable surface controlled subsurface safety valves are specifically designed for big bore applications. casing with cable bypass capabilities. The Onyx Series combines a patented.withstands extreme pressures and temperatures exceeding 28.most successful and widely used system available to the market Tubing Retrievable Sub Surface Safety Valve Page 39 .two step metal-to-metal sealing system provides strength and sealing under the harshest conditions • Non elastomeric dynamic seal assembly .100% metal-to-metal sealing and containment of well bore fluids when the valve is in the closed position • Patented thru-the flapper equalizing system . state-of-the-art closure mechanism and premium housing threads to produce the industry's first tubing retrievable safety valves that offer full-opening production in smaller casing sizes.the valve permits operators to use smaller casing programs • Broader application coverage . operators get multiple benefits: the lower cost of smaller-OD casing. and higher production rates typical of larger tubing sizes. Baker Oil Tools has designed the industry's first 4-1/2 in.enables larger tubing to be installed without sacrificing the full opening for maximized production • Reduces completion cost (CAPEX) . In addition. Onyx Series safety valves are based on the successful T-Series™. As a result.Onyx™ SERIES SUBSURFACE SAFETY VALVES DESCRIPTION The Onyx™ Series. tubing Retrievable Safety Valve (TRSV) that can fit inside a 9-5/8 in. casing. TRSV to fit inside a 7 in.000 psi and 450°F • Metal-to-metal seal technology .ability to run capillary lines for downhole instrumentation or chemical injection and/or cables for electric submersible pump operation as well as dual completion installations • RBT Housing Seals . flexibility in designing their completions. FEATURES/BENEFITS • Slimline OD . is the industry's first 7 in. • Ultra strong curved flapper design - resistant to high impact loads in high flow rate applications Tubing Retrievable Sub Surface Safety Valve Page 40 REALM™ SERIES SUBSURFACE SAFETY VALVE DESCRIPTION The new REALM™ Series tubing retrievable surface controlled subsurface safety valves are specifically designed for high pressure / high temperature (HP/HT) applications. REALM Series safety valves build upon the success of the T-Series™ and use state-of-the-art technology to provide the industry's most reliable safety valve for these critical applications. The REALM Series reduces operating expenses by providing absolute pressure ratings. The control chamber, dynamic seal system and rod piston are capable of withstanding full differential pressures. This capability eliminates the requirement to stage tubing pressures during installation, thus reducing installation cost and risk of over pressuring the valve. Baker Oil Tools utilizes a unique design approach combining cutting edge design techniques with the industry's most rigorous test program to provide safety valves specifically designed for HP/HT applications. FEATURES/BENEFITS • Absolute pressure ratings - no staging of tubing pressure • Non elastomeric dynamic seal assembly - withstands extreme pressures and temperatures exceeding 28,000 psi and 450°F • Metal-to-metal seal technology - 100% metal-to-metal sealing and containment of well bore fluids when the valve is in the closed position • Patented thru-the flapper equalizing system - most successful and widely used system available to the market • Ultra strong curved flapper design - designed to withstand extreme differential pressures • RBT Housing Seals - two step metal-to-metal sealing system provides strength and sealing under the harshest conditions • HP/HT Leader - successful field experience minimizes operating risk Tubing Retrievable Sub Surface Safety Valve Page 41 TITAN™ SERIES SUBSURFACE SAFETY VALVE DESCRIPTION Baker Oil Tools' commitment to innovation has resulted in the Titan™ Series surface controlled subsurface safety valve. Innovative field-proven technology that reduces the number of typical safety valve failure modes has been a hallmark of Baker Oil Tools' safety valves through the years. Titan standard features include: wireline damage resistant flapper, non elastomeric seal technology, and metal-to-metal containment of wellbore fluids in the closed position. These standard features deliver unprecedented reliability, efficiency, and adaptability. One-quarter of all safety valve failures occur due to wireline damage during interventions into the wellbore. The Titan incorporates the damage resistant characteristics of the successful SelecT™ flapper design to virtually eliminate this failure mode. This design ensures all seal surfaces are protected from wireline contact even during accidental closure of the valve during wireline operations. The Titan can be tailored to your specific needs, with available options such as integral chemical injection capability, wireline damage resistant seal bores, and various control system stop seal versions. An optional thru-the-flapper self equalizing system is also available to minimize operational expenses while maximizing productivity. FEATURES/BENEFITS • Field-proven technology - basic design features have been carried over from the highly successful T-Series™ and SelecT portfolios • Patented thru-the-flapper self-equalizing - most successful and widely used system available to the market • Non elastomeric dynamic seal assembly - withstands extreme pressures and temperatures exceeding 28,000 psi and 450°F • Wireline damage resistant flapper - design protects sealing integrity during wireline operations • Patented lock open system - achieved via one wireline trip and allows flow through the locked open valve with no ID restriction Tubing Retrievable Sub Surface Safety Valve Page 42 injection mandrel within the TRSV eliminates the need for a mandrel above the valve and allows injection of fluids directly into spring cavity for maximum effectiveness • Optional damage resistant seal bores .100% metal-to-metal sealing and containment of wellbore fluids when the valve is in the closed position • Optional chemical injection capability .• No shifting sleeves required to communicate .impossible to inadvertently communicate the hydraulic chamber • Metal-to-metal seal technology .ensures seal bore integrity when it is needed Tubing Retrievable Sub Surface Safety Valve Page 43 . The SelecT design team developed an advanced flapper design to virtually eliminate this failure mode. An ultra strong power spring delivers high closing forces needed to provide reliable and consistent closings in the presence of paraffin and other produced solids. 3-1/2 in.most successful and widely used system available to the market • Non elastomeric dynamic seal assembly . This design ensures all seal surfaces are protected from wireline contact even during accidental closure of the valve during wireline operations.000 ft ) must endure.100% metal-to-metal sealing and containment of wellbore fluids when the valve is in the closed position Tubing Retrievable Sub Surface Safety Valve Page 44 .withstands extreme pressures and temperatures exceeding 28. One-quarter of all safety valve failures occur due to wireline damage during interventions into the wellbore.ensures smooth and reliable closures • Wireline damage resistant flapper . Combining design enhancements with the successful features of the industry leading TSeries™.design protects sealing integrity during wireline operations • Patented thru-the-flapper self-equalizing . FEATURES/BENEFITS • Ultra strong power spring . the SelecT addresses applications for smaller tubing sizes ranging from 2-3/8 in.000 psi and 450°F • Patented radial punch control fluid communication system – eliminates accidental communication primarily associated with linear shifting sleeves • Metal-to-metal seal technology .SelecT™ SUBSURFACE SAFETY VALVE DESCRIPTION The SelecT™ is a tubing retrievable surface controlled subsurface safety valve that is designed to address the unique challenges that shallow set safety valves (typically <1. offers redundancy to maintain dependable valve operation • Simple operation .NEPTUNE™ SERIES NITROGEN-CHARGED SUBSURFACE SAFETY VALVE DESCRIPTION The Neptune™ Series nitrogen charged tubing retrievable surface controlled subsurface safety valve is designed for completions requiring low operating pressures due to control system limitations.reduces operating system investment Tubing Retrievable Sub Surface Safety Valve Page 45 .uses the same moving parts of a conventional TRSV • Patented fail-safe operating system . The Neptune operating system contains many patented features that provide simple. reliable. The Neptune Series comes standard with two totally independent operating systems and an integral control line filter. The dynamic seal configuration used for the operating piston is a significant engineering achievement that utilizes the industry's first non elastomeric seal technology for nitrogen charged safety valves.ensures fail-safe operation in all applications • Innovative non elastomeric seal technology . Unlike other nitrogen charged designs. the Neptune Series' patented operating system is designed to be fail-safe closed in all applications even if the primary nitrogen chamber pressure is lost.virtually eliminates failure due to control line debris • Low operating pressure at any setting depth . The operating system is also far less susceptible to failing due to debris in the control line or hysteresis as all ball check seats. When it comes to your critical applications. The Neptune Series incorporates integral nitrogen charged systems within the valve. FEATURES/BENEFITS • Two independent and operating systems . and collets have been eliminated. These features deliver the redundancy and assurance required in remote subsea wells. Belleville washers.an industry first for nitrogen-charged valves • Operating system is free of ball check seats . which oppose the hydrostatic pressure acting on top of the piston. and fail-safe operation in the most critical applications. the Neptune's innovative design and simple operation make it the only logical choice to protect your investment. Tubing Retrievable Sub Surface Safety Valve Page 46 .• Optional integral control line filter .two step metal-to-metal sealing system provides strength and sealing under the harshest conditions.provides clean and trouble free operation • RBT Housing Seals . FEATURES/BENEFITS • Low operating pressure at any setting depth . the Triton Series offers fail-safe operation in every application. The Triton Series rod piston configuration is designed to reduce the potential of this failure mode. These design features are essential in providing a low-operating-pressure safety valve for deepwater completions.TRITON™ SERIES BALANCE LINESUBSURFACE SAFETY VALVE DESCRIPTION The Triton™ Series balance line tubing retrievable surface controlled subsurface safety valve is designed for completions requiring low operating pressures due to control system limitations. The non elastomeric rod piston design is also configured to make the operating pressure insensitive to tubing pressure. Pressure can be applied to the balance line to assist in closure if the valve is unable to close due to the buildup of debris and additional friction.000 psi and 450°F Tubing Retrievable Sub Surface Safety Valve Page 47 . The Triton combines the field-proven technology of the industry leading TSeries™ with a hydrostatically balanced rod piston to achieve simple. Baker Oil Tools is committed to being the industry leader in offering versatile solutions for demanding applications.previous balance line failure modes eliminated and ensures fail-safe operation in all applications • Non elastomeric dynamic seal assembly . Baker Oil Tools used a revolutionary design approach focusing on the elimination of previous balance line failure modes. reliable and fail-safe operation. As a result.reduces operating system investment • Simple operation .withstands extreme pressures and temperatures exceeding 28. The Triton Series teams with the Neptune™ Series and Titan™ Heavy Sprung designs to deliver reliable solutions for almost every deepwater/subsea application. Failure to close due to the buildup of wellbore debris and in-service friction is one of the most common failure modes of TRSV's.uses the same moving parts of a conventional TRSV • Patented fail-safe operating piston . two step metal-to-metal sealing system provides strength and sealing under the harshest conditions Tubing Retrievable Sub Surface Safety Valve Page 48 .• Patented thru-the flapper equalizing system .most successful and widely used system available to the market • RBT Housing Seals . withstands extreme pressures and temperatures exceeding 28.successful field experience minimizes operating risk • Non elastomeric dynamic seal assembly . FEATURES/BENEFITS • Subsurface safety valve leader .most successful and widely used system available to the market • Deep-set capability . The reliability and simplicity of the T-Series have made it one of the most successful safety valves in the industry.two step metal-to-metal sealing system provides strength and sealing under the harshest conditions • Patented radial punch control fluid communication system – eliminates accidental communication primarily associated with linear shifting sleeves • Patented thru-the flapper equalizing system . Extensive studies by operators and independent research institutes have shown that accidental actuation of shifting sleeves and subsequent control fluid communication is one of the primary causes for safety valve failures. By removing all shifting sleeves from the T-Series valve. With T-Series Safety Valves. The high spring closure force guarantees performance in the presence of paraffin or other produced solids. The T-Series Heavy Sprung Safety Valve features an extra strong power spring to overcome the additional hydrostatic pressure associated with deep setting depths.ultra strong power spring ensures smooth and reliable closures Tubing Retrievable Sub Surface Safety Valve Page 49 .T-SERIES™ SUBSURFACE SAFETY VALVE DESCRIPTION Baker Oil Tools' T-Series™ tubing retrievable safety valves offer unmatched protection from low end standard service through HP/HT applications. Incorporating non elastomeric dynamic seals and metal-to-metal housing connections eliminates the possibility of explosive decompression which is commonly associated with elastomeric compounds. one can count on premium performance and long-term reliability for the life of the well which is attributed to complete removal of elastomeric compounds and elimination of linear shifting sleeves. The T-Series versatile design is ideal for a variety of applications including deepwater completions. Baker Oil Tools has eliminated one of the most common failure modes found in safety valves.000 psi and 450°F • RBT Housing Seals . TM (E) Series The Model TM (E)-5 Tubing Retrievable Safety Valves are non-equalizing and selfequalizing flapper-type subsurface tubing mounted safety valves rated for 5. The self-equalizing version utilizes an Equalizing Flapper Assembly. The “T (E)-5” is rated for 5. These valves have a curved slim line flapper installed instead of a wedge shaped flapper (present in T and TM series). and the “T (E)-10” is rated for 10. of flow tube compared to wedge shape flapper valve.000 psi working pressure. to 7 in.000 psi working pressure.4 Models available in T-Series There are various versions of T-Series safety valves available. of flapper housing or larger I. In all. the different versions of T series can be broadly classified as follows: T (E) Series The Models “T(E)-5” and “T(E)-10” Tubing Retrievable Safety Valves are non-equalizing or self equalizing flapper-type subsurface tubing mounted safety valves. The OD’s are available ranging from 23/8 in.000 psi.D. The TM series valves utilize a redundant full open and full closed static metal to metal seal on the dynamic actuator. The “TE-5” and “TE-10” are similar except for rated working pressure. Tubing Retrievable Sub Surface Safety Valve Page 50 . The rated working pressure varies from 5000 psi to 13500 psi. Curved shape of flapper allows for smaller O. depending upon the valve OD and the rated working differential pressure. TSM (E) Series and TUSM (E) Series The TSM (E) and TUSM (E) series have all the features of the TM (E) series and apart from that they have a slim line outside diameter and ultra slim line outside diameter respectively.D.8. 8. It is measured in psi or pounds per square. Another example is the effect of hydrostatic pressure in the opening and closing of subsurface safety valves. the hydrostatic pressure or the tubing pressure actually helps to close the valve. the opening pressure mist offset the tubing pressure. It always acts on down-hole tools when they are run in liquids. 8. to open the safety valve. pressure gradient of the control line fluid and the annulus fluid. Using data such as lbs/gal. one can calculate the hydrostatic pressure by: 1) Finding the fluid gradient in the Packer Calculations Handbook 2) Multiplying this by the depth of interest. Such differences can elastically collapse or balloon. due to the hydrostatic force acting on the valve actuator’s hydraulic piston area.Reduced O. the tubing string. The hydrostatic pressure or the tubing pressure opposes the opening pressure of the safety valve and this. Or API Gravity (if dealing with hydrocarbon liquids). Hydrostatic pressure has to be calculated using the fluid gradient. In the closing of the safety valve. There can also be differences between the hydrostatic pressure in the annulus and tubing of a well. The fail-safe depth of a SCSSV is dependent on numerous factors. due to the use of different weight fluids in the tubing and casing.D. as well as friction force developed when actuating the SCSSV. and therefore. This number has the units of psi/ft.D. Thus. actuator piston area. the opening pressure of the valve is the tubing pressure + normal opening pressure of the safety valve. or increased I.5 The Basic Hydrostatic Pressure Calculations Hydrostatic pressure is created by the weight of a column of fluid.6 Fail-Safe Setting Depth The fail-safe setting depth of a single line control SCSSV is defined as the maximum setting depth at which the valve will close while opposing the hydrostatic pressure in the control line. A larger diameter TRSV can be run inside casing that would normally require a down-sized tubing string. such as force of the power spring. A smaller pressure drop can be anticipated for a wireline valve application. allows user more liberty in safety valve applications. lengthen or shorten. Tubing Retrievable Sub Surface Safety Valve Page 51 . Fail-Safe Setting Depth Calculations The fail-safe setting depth calculation is based on the condition that the control line parts at the surface controlled subsurface safety valve and annulus fluid is introduced into the control chamber. Hydrostatic Head = (Setting Depth x Hydraulic Gradient) x (Maximum Piston Area) = (Sd)(g)(A) 2. If the annulus fluid is heavier than the control line fluid. where it is desires to ensure that no hydrates will form at the valve In areas where the threat of earthquakes could cause tubing to leak below a shallow set safety valve. Fail-Safe Setting Depths are calculated with salt water in the control line plus and an additional 15% is factored in. where the safety valve should be installed below permafrost zone In platform. Weight of Moving Parts = W Tubing Retrievable Sub Surface Safety Valve Page 52 .For a particular SCSSV.2 to 1. subsea. The fail-safe setting depth calculation is a force balance of the vertically downward acting forces and the vertically upward acting forces. the theoretical depth should be modified by a safety factor of 1. thus the actual Fail-Safe Setting Depth of a valve is normally 28% greater with hydraulic oil in the control line. Downward Acting Forces 1. Increased setting depths can be important for several applications: In areas where it is desirable to place a safety valve below the level at which paraffin/scales occur In the arctic. the pressure gradient of the control line fluid is the determining factor. the hydrostatic pressure applied at the working fail-safe setting depth. or arctic applications. the piston area and the spring force are constant. and there is a possibility that the control line could break. Per API 14A. although the setting depth may increase by adding additional spring force.5 to compensate for potential increase in mechanical and seal friction. and is to be determined from testing or good engineering judgment = Ff.3. Forces = (Sd)(g)(A) + W + Ff . generally 1. The full open pressure calculation is a force balance of the vertically downward acting forces and the vertically upward acting forces. Pump Pressure Force = (Full Open Press) x (Minimum Piston Area) = (Po)(A) 2. 2.Ff)/(g)(A)(SF) where: SF = Safety factor.Fs. Upward Acting Forces 1. Weight of Moving Parts = W Tubing Retrievable Sub Surface Safety Valve Page 53 .W . Downward Acting Forces 1. etc. this calculation ignores the hydrostatic head in the control line..Fs = 0 Vertical Direction = 0 Therefore … (Sd)(g)(A) + W + Ff = Fs and … Sd = (Fs . seal friction. That is. Minimum Power Spring Force with Valve in Closed Position . considering the variation in spring valves as well as component tolerances. flow tube friction. Accumulated Friction = This factor includes all sources of friction such as spring friction. Opening and Closing Pressure Calculations The full opening pressure is to be calculated based upon the power spring(s) force in the full open position and the associated dynamic friction. The full open pressure calculation is based on the assumption that only the pump pressure from the surface is available to open the valve.15 Minimum and maximum fail-safe depths are to be determined. The full closed pressure calculation is a force balance of the vertically downward acting forces and the vertically upward acting forces.W)/ (A) Minimum and maximum opening pressures are to be determined. Accumulated Friction = This factor includes all sources of friction such as spring friction.Fo . Accumulated Friction = This factor includes all sources of friction such as spring friction.Upward Acting Forces 1. etc. and is to be determined from testing or good engineering judgment = Ff.Ft = 0 Vertical Direction = 0 Therefore: (Po)(A) = Fo + Ft . Minimum Power Spring Force with Valve in Open Position = Fc Forces = (Pc)(A) + W + Ff . Downward Acting Forces 1. The full closed pressure is to be calculated based upon the power spring(s) force in the fully closed position and the associated dynamic friction.Fo 2.Fc = 0 Vertical Direction = 0 Tubing Retrievable Sub Surface Safety Valve Page 54 . seal friction. Minimum Power Spring Force with Valve in Open Position . flow tube friction. Pump Pressure Force = (Full Open Press) x (Minimum Piston Area) = (Pc)(A) 2. Weight of Moving Parts = W 3. flow tube friction.W = 0 And Po = (Fo + Ff. etc. and is to be determined from testing or good engineering judgment = Ff Upward Acting Forces 1.. Forces = (Po) (A) + W . considering the variations in spring valves as well as component tolerances. seal friction.. Fail Safe Setting Depth Calculations for the T (E) .Ff.Therefore (Pc) (A) = Fc .W)/ (A) Minimum and maximum opening pressures are to be determined.W = 0 and Pc = (Fc . Table 2.Ft .5 (5.5”) model (7) Tubing Retrievable Sub Surface Safety Valve Page 55 . considering the variations in spring valves as well as component tolerances. Pressure Induced combined Stress: It is due to the possibility of pressure build up across the flow tube. the flow tube functions to restrict the migration of well debris into the spring cavity and therefore provides critical protection of the dynamic seals. Furthermore. 2. whichever is less. API burst and collapse calculations and a collapse stability calculation. Stress ConsiderationsThe Baker flow tube is designed to withstand the following stress conditions: 1. when considering the self equalizing flapper. The bearing stress (contact stress) between the bottom face of the flow tube and the upper face of the non-self-equalizing flapper is kept below the minimum yield strength of flow tube and flapper. The critical buckling load must be greater than actual buckling load (piston area of the dynamic system times the maximum rated control line pressure). Bearing Failure: It occurs between the contact surface of the bottom of the flow tube and the upper face of the flapper while opening the closure mechanism against differential pressure.8. Furthermore. It is calculated by the means of the combined stress. The design of this component must withstand the large forces imparted during slam closing the flapper mechanism and during opening the closure mechanism against differential pressure.7 Design Principles and Philosophy Flow Tube Design Features (4)The flow tube is the component which transfers the linear force of the piston to the closure mechanism. the bearing stress kept below the minimum yield strength of the flow tube and the plunger whichever is less. Column Buckling: It is caused by the force of the piston while opening the closure mechanism against differential pressure. This expectance criteria ensures that the flow tube will not swell or swedge and impede the free movement of the component. where debris may impede the ability of debris exclusion gaps Tubing Retrievable Sub Surface Safety Valve Page 56 . 3. Analyzing these features the ability of the flow tube to withstand differential pressure loads in very unlikely situation. specifically the spring cavity. the second is that certain areas of the safety valve will be in contact with debris and measures must be taken to prevent this debris from fouling the mechanism with which it comes in contact. water based hydraulic control line fluid etc. abrasion. is ascertained.from venting pressure or in the event of very rapid pressurization or depressurization of the tubing. release. Work in this field is still going and researchers are striving hard to fabricate a thinner coating. closure assist tool. The first is that the debris should be excluded from certain areas of the valve. But Xylan doesn’t tolerates high pH. The three-trip tool sets in the lock profile provided in the safety valve nipple adapter and incorporates a set of retraceable slips to engage and shift the flow tube both Tubing Retrievable Sub Surface Safety Valve Page 57 . jar-activated. and high load bearing resistance. Scale Deposition prevention: Scale build up can be prevented by the use of following coatings: Teflon-PTFE coating Xylan Here Xylan also referred as Poly-amid-imid type coating is best suited for acids. Flow Tube Closure Assist Tool Because of the effectiveness of Baker’s Debris exclusion considerations. Baker can provide a wireline run. For high pH applications Teflon-PTFE should be considered. thus not recommended for water based drilling mud. failures to close and high opening pressure due to debris accumulation are minimized. For Baker 5. In the event that excessive debris or scale is realized.5” TSM (E)-5: Burst and Collapse pressure (Combine stress analysis) = 5000 psi Burst Pressure (from API 5CT) = 4947 psi Collapse pressure (from API 5CT) = 2175 psi Collapse stability pressure across flow tube = 2542 psi Debris Exclusion/Control Design Consideration:Baker applies two philosophies when designing a safety valve for service in the presence of debris. the closure assist tool is jarred-up to release from the flow tube and is retrieved to the surface. Rather than incorporate additional mechanisms to protect weak points. Torsional Loading of the rod piston can result from the rotation of the flow tube caused by the compression of the helical power spring. Other manufacturers address this by: 1. unnecessary failure modes. Bearing systems to absorb the rotation at the end of the power spring In earlier designs. 2. Tubing Retrievable Sub Surface Safety Valve Page 58 . these mechanisms add to the complexity of the valve and introduce additional. The TM and TSM have a robust. Many valves have a two-piece flow tube which can flex at the connection between the two pieces. It causes resultant side loads at the points at the either end of the flow tube where the flow tube is guided by the cylinder sub and the spring washer. has two detrimental effects. This is addressed in the TM and TSM safety valve by special surface treatments and coatings on these sliding surfaces. Eccentric loading of the flow tube by the single piston located offset from the valve’s centerline. one-piece flow tube which is stiff enough to be unaffected by the applied bending moment. Adding rotational lock mechanisms to prevent the rotation of the flow tube. substantially exaggerating the friction and wear. Once the flow tube is freed. Make the mechanism affected by those phenomenons rugged enough to withstand them.upward and downward. Baker used this approach as well. This side loading can result in excessive friction and wear at these points. How side loading and torsional forces on a rod piston are perceived and designed forBaker’s philosophy in this regard is the same used throughout the design of T-Series safety valves: Wherever possible. The second effect is a bending moment applied to the flow tube between the two guide points. However. either eliminate undesirable phenomenon. 8.D of the valve The dynamic seal assembly and metal-to-metal stop seals Flapper and hinge pin design and integrity Self Equalizing Mechanism Outer Housing thread seal design philosophy The seals used in the outer housings of the safety valve are critical to the reliability of the safety valve system. counter wound springs. Failure in these seals can lead to tubing to annulus leak and possibly a work over. The single power spring is replaced by two stacked. In the stacked spring system is compressed the rotation occurs at the interface between the two springs rather than at the ends.Dual opposite wound Power Spring Baker’s latest generation of valves incorporate a simpler solution. External pressure increases the sealing force at the box nose seal Internal pressure increases the sealing force at the pin nose seal Figure 9. Thus no rotational load is applied to the flow tube. Baker Oil Tools recommends that all tubing mounted safety valves be provided with metal-to-metal housing connections. The ‘RBT’ housing connections have recorded no failures since 1983 either by leakage or due to tensile loads.8 Technical Evaluation of the ‘T’ Series SSV Equipment The technical evaluation will include a detailed examination of the following: Outer Housing thread seal design philosophy Permanent lock open features – The elimination of shear sleeves from the I.RBT Thread connection Tubing Retrievable Sub Surface Safety Valve Page 59 . The ’RBT’ is the name given to the metal-to-metal housing thread connection that is used extensively in the Baker Oil Tools Safety Valve Designs. The torque capacity of the connection is defined by the bearing area of this shoulder. Permanent Lock Open Features Important: In 1992 (25%) twenty five percent of tubing retrievable safety valve failures in an independent study were caused directly by leakage between the hydraulic control line chamber and the tubing well bore through the wireline insert valve communication feature.The box and pin sealing lips at each end of the thread (box and pin noses) are designed with interference that provides a positive metal-to metal seal for containment of both internal and external pressure. involves more Tubing Retrievable Sub Surface Safety Valve Page 60 . One out of ever four failures was linked to a communication feature in the I. Evaluation of dynamic seal assembly and metal-to-metal stop seals The use of rod piston type actuators reduces the number of possible leak paths.D. of the 'T' series safety valves. of the valve.D. The dynamic actuator seal assemblies are designed to last the Test that each design is required to complete – the Baker Endurance Test and/or Cyclic Hot Test. No matter how strong the shear sleeves in the Safety valves were wireline operators and coil tubing units managed to find a way to prematurely shear any type of shear sleeve that has been placed in a Safety Valve I. There are no shear sleeves in the I. This center locating shoulder also provides the proper metal-to-metal interference for the seals at the box and pin noses. of the valve.D. Baker Oil Tools redesigned the permanent lock open feature for the 'T' series valves. Experience has shown that this design provides excellent resistance to back off in down-hole service.D. The pressure holding ability of the thread is defined by the interference at the box and pin noses. The pressure holding ability of the 'RBT' is not a direct function of makeup torque. The 'RBT' thread has a center locating shoulder that carries the torque of the made up connection. There have been no recorded failures of the Baker puncture communication system causing a premature leak or failure. the friction is reduced from the old style concentric piston designs (much smaller circumference) and deeper setting depths are easier to achieve. The sleeves that were shearing prematurely were completely eliminated from the I. The dynamic seals used in the 'T' series valves have been proven with the metal to metal stop seal design as well as the 'standard' non elastomeric assembly that does not utilize the metal to metal stop seals. The dynamic seal assembly The full open metal to metal stop seal The full closed metal to metal stop seal The detent / dampener system Location of the Metal to Metal stop seals The Baker metal to metal seat is made from MP159 material. This highly corrosion resistant material provides the highest degree of sealing integrity.Dynamic Seal Assembly Components of dynamic seal assemblies and metal-to-metal stop seals: The Baker Oil Tools system uses the following main components. The valve and control fluid temperature are also cycled.locating the seal at a point below the seal bore and other seals. Typically there are two choices.than 1200 cycles. First-locating the seal in the control line fluid or second . The temperature is varied throughout the test from 100 F to the maximum rated temperature of the valve. The location of the metal to metal stop seals when the valve is in the full closed position is an interesting discussion. The arguments for each are given below: Locating the 'full closed stop seal' inside the control line chamber Tubing Retrievable Sub Surface Safety Valve Page 61 . This duplicates opening and closing the valve once a month for the next 100 years. Figure 10. Location of Metal to Metal Stop Seal Tubing Retrievable Sub Surface Safety Valve Page 62 . Figure 11. It ignores the fact that the seal bore may be subject to increased corrosion.The advantage of the internal full closed stop seal is that the metal to metal seat is 'protected' by the hydraulic fluid . The disadvantage of the internal closed stop seal is that the importance is placed on the making sure that the full closed metal to metal seat (static seal) is protected. The corrosion generally forms a very rough surface and will destroy the dynamic seal over time. If this type of corrosion begins it will be very hard on the dynamic seal assembly. pitting and scale during the time that the valve is in the closed position.during the time that the valve is in the open position the seat is bathed in control fluid. Baker Oil Tools' Detent System for the 'T'-Series Safety Valves The purpose of the detent spring system is to prevent the deformation of the two mating metal-to metal surfaces during slam closures of the valve. If the valves that you are comparing do not have a detent system it is likely that the metal-to-metal seals will be ineffective. The impact is softened and any damage to the two surfaces is eliminated by the use of the shock absorber (detent / dampener system). During slam closures the impact of the flow tube and piston being pushed into the metal to metal seat can render the metal to metal stop seal ineffective. Figure 12.Detent System/Shock Absorber Tubing Retrievable Sub Surface Safety Valve Page 63 . the curved flapper is used in slim line designs. The wedge shape of the flapper is one of the important features to consider.Flapper and hinge pin design There are two types of flappers provided in the 'T' series valves. Figure 13. The first design is called the 'wedge shaped flapper' found in the standard 'T' or 'TM' series. The wedge shape flapper started in 1980 when Baker Oil Tools set out to build an indestructible flapper mechanism. during the closure of a valve the 'three point contact' allows the impact from a slam closure to be hydraulically absorbed by the flow tube. The second design is referred to as the 'curved flapper' found in the 'TS' or 'TSM' series. This 'three point contact' reduces the stress on the hinge pin during opening and during closures (the farther away from the hinge that the contact occurs the lower the forces trying to bend or shear the hinge).Wedge Shaped Flapper (Three point contact shown above) Tubing Retrievable Sub Surface Safety Valve Page 64 . In addition.not the seat. Both designs are capable of utilizing the 'thru the flapper equalizing system. The testing performed resulted in several patented and original concepts that are still in use today. The wedge gains the advantage of leverage by moving the first point of contact with the flow tube away from the hinge. Pin is not subject to bending loads. high strength hinge pin resist damage over lifetime of valve. Baker was the first safety valve company to Wedge shape flapper mechanism proven repeatedly in high velocity gas slam testing subject a closure mechanism to repeated slam closures without failure of the components. The valve seat is Tubing Retrievable Sub Surface Safety Valve Page 65 . Torsion spring is wound around mid section of hinge pin. Greater assurance of uniformity of properties and overall quality of flapper Dual hinge flapper Flapper pin is loaded in double shear only. Single wire torsion spring sealing position without any assistance from well pressure. .Features and Benefits of Wedge Shape Flapper Features Only two parts move to fully open the safety valve Benefits Simplicity in design relates directly to long life operation. By moving the initial flow tube contact point away from the hinge pin. machined from solid bar wider variety of suitable materials available in bar form. Assures maximum shear resistance available to Large diameter.Table 3. the closure mechanism is out of the flow path and completely covered by the flow tube. Premium corrosion resistant material (MP35N) provides unlimited down-hole life expectancy. Torsion spring returns flapper to full closed. This reduces hinge and pin stresses to the very minimum. thus maximizing the quantity of wire available for the given flapper. the wedge shape Wedge shape flapper assures the largest moment arm possible during flapper opening and closing. Once open. The curved flapper allows the sides to contact the flow tube before the flapper engages the seat. Stronger and more ductile than cast materials: Stainless or nickel steel flapper. The curved flapper also has the 'three point contact' advantage. D. of flow tube compared to wedge shape flapper valve. Curved and angled seating surface is not intersected by flow tube during opening or closing. The hinge pin is manufactured of specially selected high-strength alloy.thus protected from damage due to stress so it will seal as effectively the next time.D. A smaller pressure drop can be anticipated for a wireline valve application. the hinge pin bending common in other valves is completely eliminated. Tight tolerance held on hinge and pin components. And because of the unique hinge design. This eliminates damage which may cause wireline tool strings to hang-up in the valve. Figure 14. allows user more latitude in safety valve applications. Unique geometry of flapper assures only axial loads are transmitted to the flow tube. of flapper housing and/or larger I. This is the same. Benefits Reduced O. A larger diameter TRSV can be run inside casing that would normally require a down-sized tubing string.Features and Benefits of Curved (Slim line) Flapper Features Curved shape of flapper allows for smaller O.D. Eliminates wear on sealing surfaces which would eventually cause leakage. Tubing Retrievable Sub Surface Safety Valve Page 66 .Curved Flapper Design Both systems utilize the concept of placing the hinge pin in shear rather that to place it in bending.D. Eliminates use of external alignment devices that add friction and complexity to the closure mechanism. Flow tube is not bent or crimped by radial loads from the flapper during opening and closing. / increased I. Table 4. Both systems utilize the concept of placing the hinge pin in shear rather that to place it in bending. The hinge pin is manufactured of specially selected high-strength alloy. Figure 15. Primary metal-to-metal flapper to seat seal is backed-up by a resilient seal on the flapper seat. And because of the unique hinge design.proven philosophy used for the Baker wedge shape flapper closure mechanism. Reduces inertial forces which come into play during slam Sculptured flapper geometry. thus maximizing the quantity of wire available for the given flapper. sealing position without any assistance from well pressure. Torsion spring is wound around mid section of hinge pin.Single Hinge Flapper Assembly Tubing Retrievable Sub Surface Safety Valve Page 67 . Efficient. the hinge pin bending common in other valves is completely eliminated. Torsion spring returns flapper to full closed. opening/closing of valve. compact design. Tubing Retrievable Sub Surface Safety Valve Page 68 .5 MMSCFD)for 2-7/8" Valves 200 ft/sec (102. The self. This will decrease the differential pressure across the flapper (equalize) and allow the valve to open.7 MMSCFD)for 5-1/2" Valves The Post slam leak rate following the slam test is the same leak rate that is required by the API 14A functional test for 'new' valves. Gas slam test are an excellent indication of the reliability of a subsurface safety valve. The simplicity and advantages of being able to open a valve without having to mobilize pumps and fluids that are required to equalize a non self-equalizing valve have made a tremendous market for self –equalizing valves. hook-up a pump to pressure down the tubing above the flapper to equalize the pressure across the flapper. safer and more efficiently. In some applications the system pays for itself the first time that it is used. 15 of which are: 200 ft/sec (41 MMSCFD)for 2-3/8" Valves 200 ft/sec (58. Self-Equalizing Mechanism A Self-Equalizing Safety Valve contains an integral equalizing mechanism which allows shut-in pressure from below the safety valve to be vented to the tubing above the flapper.Gas slam test A gas slam test is designed to duplicate the condition when a well is flowing. API test require only the very minimum requirements regarding slam test. These test represent real life conditions and need to be considered when evaluating Subsurface safety valves. There is no need to fill the tubing above the flapper with fluid. All sizes of 'T' series valves have complete High Velocity Gas Slam Test 20 Slams. The economics generally provide that a self -equalizing system will pay for itself in a matter of a few months. Baker Oil Tools has designed flappers that are virtually indestructible and this allow the valves to be tested at flow rates and velocities listed below.0 MMSCFD)for 4-1/2" Valves 125 ft/sec (120.7 MMSCFD)for 3-1/2" Valves 150 ft/sec (146.equalizing system will equalize the valve and have the well back on production quicker. the control line is bleed off and the safety valve closes with the flow against the flapper. Baker Oil Tools patented "THRU-THE FLAPPER. This allows the wells to be put on production much sooner after a system test on emergency shut-down. reliable equalizing system in the industry. The equalizing feature does not interfere with normal valve operations. The Baker Oil Tools thru the flapper system is good for the working pressure of the valve that it is used on. the increased production could pay for the feature the first time it is used. 1) Around the flapper 2) Thru the Flapper The major disadvantage of 'around the flapper' type self-equalizing mechanisms is that produced fluids containing debris. One of the main reasons for the success is the system described below. The equalizing feature will allow the pressure to equalize and open the safety valve. Evaluation of Self-Equalizing Designs There are basically two types of self equalizing systems. METAL-TO-METAL. Valves that use 'around the flapper' equalizing systems can fail in the "open" position due to the problems associated with the location of this debris! Erosion problems are also a concern and can lead to leakage.Close the wing valve -then pressure up to the valve full opening pressure. such as scale and sand. OPERATION Simple opening procedure . The process is quick and simple. are introduced into the annulus created between the valve's flow tube and outer housing. Tubing Retrievable Sub Surface Safety Valve Page 69 . No staggering pressures or worries about damaging the valve.000 psi. After the Subsurface safety valve is open. SELF-EQUALIZING SYSTEM" type equalizing system was developed to eliminate problems. open the wing valve and flow the well as required. There is a tendency for the debris to collect in the annulus of the valve and eventually block the movement of the flow tube as it tries to return to the closed position. We have several systems rated above 10. The result is the most popular.Wide spread use of self equalizing valves is the industry standard. This gives a higher contact force on the sealing diameter and prevents any debris from accumulating on the sealing surface. an equalizing spring and an equalizing type flapper. This feature protects both the plunger and its metal-to-metal seat. The plunger location on the flapper has been designed so that once equalization has occurred the plunger returns to its closed position. Notice that the seat in the flapper has a straight edge where it contacts the shoulder of the plunger. DESIGN FEATURES ( Thru the flapper equalizing system) Sealing Mechanism The primary metal-to-metal seal is achieved by the tapered portion of the plunger (on the side with the ports) contacting the metal to metal seat in the flapper. As control line pressure is applied to the valve.HOW THE SYSTEM WORKS The system consists of an equalizing plunger. This unseats the metalto-metal seal and exposes the ports in the plunger. Plunger Location The plunger is located so that the flow tube will make contact during the initial opening and equalizing. the flow tube begins to move downward until it contacts and depresses the equalizing plunger. Then it clears the flow tube completely during flow tube movement to the Tubing Retrievable Sub Surface Safety Valve Page 70 . Tubing Retrievable Sub Surface Safety Valve Page 71 . The positioning of the ports is very important. No elastomeric materials or soft seats are used which eliminates the risk of chemical degradation and explosive decompression. Equalizing Times The thru the flapper equalizing system has a small flow area. These ports clear the seating surface on the flapper during equalization. Several of the "Around the flapper systems' have failed because the operator flowed the well through the equalizing mechanism for extended periods of time and completely eroded and destroyed the valve. All sizes are Class 2 Sandy Service. The system has passed over one hundred separate class 2 sandy service tests in the various valve designs and has been used for over a decade without erosion problems. these springs will retain a desired preload even after prolonged use. Equalizing Springs The equalizing springs are designed from a high strength material. The advantage to the small flow area is that the operator can determine from the amount of flow if the well is producing through the full open valve or thru the equalizing mechanism.full open position. The spring force itself is determined by spring length. The plunger is made from a erosion and corrosion resistant material. plunger stroke and spring stress. The small size of the plunger makes it possible to use the very best materials without influencing the overall cost of the system. They are also positioned far enough below the bevel on the plunger itself so that erosion of the seat is virtually eliminated. The seat is protected. The plunger does not interfere with the flapper housing in the full open position. The pressure drop is taken through the throat of the poppet. The equalizing flow does not take the pressure drop across the poppet seat. This small flow area increases the amount of time required to equalize the valve. The total area of the ports is greater than the poppet throat area. The small flow area allows the operator to have a positive indication that the valve is fully open 100% metal-to-metal seal. Tubing Retrievable Sub Surface Safety Valve Page 72 . The 1/8" NPT type connection has a helical leak path around the thread root that must be plugged with Teflon tape or some type of thread dope.Control Line Jam Nut Connection Figure 16. therefore it is not used by Baker.Baker Jam Nut A critical leak path in Sub surface controlled safety valves is where the control line connects to the safety valve. The NPT connection is subject to leakage and this type of connector adds an additional leak path. The control line connection is one of the most critical connections because a leak at this connection cannot be remedied by putting in an insert valve. Baker Oil Tools Jam Nut Connection uses metal to metal seals and provides the most reliable seal available. Tubing Retrievable Sub Surface Safety Valve Page 73 . These are controlled tolerances that are designed to keep sand and debris out. The T-series valves are all tested with sand slurries and are tested to the standards of the API 14A class 2 sandy service test. but they do prevent any flow around the flow tube. As shown in the above illustrations there is a close tolerance barrier at the top of the spring cavity and also one towards the bottom of the spring cavity.Debris and Sand Exclusion Barriers The T-series valves have a simple and effective method of preventing sand or debris from entering the area behind the flow tube or around the flapper seat. A small amount of fluid must pass through these barriers due to the change in volume in the spring cavity caused by the piston / actuator moving up and down as the valve opens and closes. These are not seals or wipers.Debris and Sand exclusion barriers Figure 17. the Flapper Lock Open Tool is landed and locked in the Nipple Profile of the Tubing Retrievable Safety Valve. Withdrawal of the Wireline Running Tool which is attached to the Slide Assembly portion of the Flapper Lock Open Tool actuates the Tool releasing the Lock Ring. The tool is designed such that the Lock Ring cannot be released into the Flapper section if the Flow Tube of the Tubing Retrievable Safety Valve is not in the fully closed position. Figure 18.Flapper Lock Open Tool Tubing Retrievable Sub Surface Safety Valve Page 74 . After the Safety Valve has been permanently locked open. Two wireline runs are required to permanently lock the Flapper of a Tubing Retrievable Valve open.8. On the first run. it may accept a Separation Sleeve or a Wireline Retrievable Insert Safety Valve provided communication of the control fluid to the interior of the valve has also been accomplished.9 ‘T’ Series accessory tools Flapper Lock Open Tool (7)The Flapper Lock Open Tools allows retrieval of a Dry String. A second run retrieves the Flapper Lock Open Tool. which retains the Flapper in the open position. Flapper Lock Open is also used in the event of Safety Valve malfunction. through tubing retrievable safety valves. The Baker wireline insert valves are available in non-equalizing or self-equalizing configuration. In the event of a tubing retrievable safety valve malfunction. The valves are normally closed type. The particular insert safety valve required depends on the lock profile of the model “T (E)-5” or “TE10”.Wireline Insert Safety Valve The Baker wireline insert valves are hydraulically operated. surface controlled. When the applied control chamber pressure is removed. the wireline retrievable safety valve can be run into the Nipple Profile in the ID of the tubing retrievable safety valve after control line communication has been established and the malfunctioning valve has been locked open.Wireline Insert Safety Valve Tubing Retrievable Sub Surface Safety Valve Page 75 . the valves automatically return to the closed position. Figure 19. subsurface. it will accept a Separation Sleeve or Wireline Insert Valve. Tubing Retrievable Sub Surface Safety Valve Page 76 . The particular Separation Sleeve required depends on the Lock Profile of the Safety Valve. When the Safety Valve has been permanently locked open. permitting retrieval of dry string. Safety Valve malfunction. A separate Flapper Lock Open is required for each of the various lock profiles available for the Tubing Retrievable Safety Valve. It is also run in the event of Tubing Ret. well pressure can communicate to the surface through the control tubing until a Separation Sleeve or other appropriate wireline tool is run into the Nipple Profile in the “T-Series” Safety Valve. The Flapper Lock Open Tool opens the Tubing Safety Valve and maintains it in that position when the tubing is pulled. to prevent contamination of the control line by well fluids. After control line communication has been established. The Separation Sleeve should be used if control line communication has been established and production of the well is scheduled to continue without an operable safety valve in the well.Separation Sleeve The purpose of the Separation Sleeve is to blank-off the hydraulic chamber in a “T-Series” Safety Valve after control line communication has been established between the control line and the valve ID. The use of a Separation Sleeve is also recommended when pulling the string after control line communication has been established. Figure 20.Control Pressure Communication Tool The Control Pressure Communication Tool is used to establish control line communication into tubing retrievable safety valves containing the control line communication feature by no-going into a Lock Profile. This enables the use of a control line actuated wireline insert safety valve.Control Pressure Communication Tool Tubing Retrievable Sub Surface Safety Valve Page 77 . A separate Control Pressure Communication Tool is required for each of the various lock profiles available for the Tubing Retrievable Safety Valve. Stringent testing procedures are followed for the working of a TRSCSSV since it stays in the well till the well lasts and can be in operation at any point of time.9. 3. Tubing Retrievable Sub Surface Safety Valve Page 78 . flexing. The TRSCSSV generally fails due to breaking up of the control line due to various reasons. though no work has yet been done on it. Thus a design which has no control line is being looked for which has probably some other working mechanism. Advancement in Design can be done by improvement of piston features and a cylindrical piston again be looked upon as a possibility since it will eradicate the problems of torsional loading. column buckling. eccentric loading and other complexities in the design. 2. CONCLUSION 1. 2004.html&bookmarkable=Yes&channelId=3000081. 1999.com/cgi/bot/resources/ExternalFileHandler. ISO-8859-1.] http://investor. [Online] [Cited: July 20.10.l. Perrin. maxerhim. About Baker Oil Tools. 2008.] http://www. Baker Hughes Direct.jsp?path=pri vate/BHI/public/bakerhughes/about/index.html&bookmarkable=Yes&channelId=4198841&channelId=-4198841.5") Tech Unit. 1999.Subsurface Safety Systems. 4.shareholder. 2. 2008.cfm. 1. [Online] [Cited: July 20. IMPACT Module 023. About Baker BIBLIOGRAPHY Hughes. Paris : Technip. [Online] [Cited: July 20.com/cgi/bhi/resources/ExternalFileHandler. : Baker Oil Tools. 153-160. 5.bakerhughesdirect. BakerHughesDirect. 6. ISO-8859-1. Monica Wolf.com/bhi/financials-KeyRatios.Baker Oil Tools. 2003. B153-5. Baker Oil Tools.] http://www. Tubing Retrievable Sub Surface Safety Valve Page 79 . Baker Hughes .Financial Highlights. Catalog SSBOT-04-5809. UTF8. s.jsp?path=pri vate/BOT/public/about/index. D.bakerhughesdirect. 2008. Model T(E)-5 Deep Set Tubing Retrievable Flapper (5.Investor Relations . Baker Hughes . Safety Systems. 3. Well Completion and Servicing. pp. Course 023 . 7.