IHe She You It A Come Came Will come Open Opened Will open Sit Walk Eat Drink Win Go Run I go He goes He eats an apple He is eating an apple He ate an apple I saw the film last week She came by bus yesterday They went to the temple He slept the whole night He wrote well in the examination He has eaten He had eaten He had gone He had come He will eat He will go He will come What is your name? What Is Your Name Mein Woh / Usne Woh Tum / Aap (respect) Yeh Ek Aao / Aaiye (respect) Aaya ( he) / Aayee (she) / Aaye (plural) Aayega (he) / Aayegi (she) / Aayenge ( plural) Kholo / Kholiye (respect) / Kholna Khola Kholega (he) / Kholegi (she) / Kholenge (plural) Baitho / Baithiye (respect) / Baithna ( to sit) Chalo / Chaliye ( respect) / Chalna (to walk) Khao / Khaiye (respect)/ Khana (to eat) Piyo / Peejiye (respect) / Peena (to drink) Jeetna(to win) Jaao / Jaaiye (respect) / Jaana (to go) Daudna Mein jaata hoon Woh jaata hai Woh sev khaata hai Woh sev khaa raha hai Usne sev khaya Meine pichhle saftah film dekhi Woh kal bus se aayee Ve mandir gaye Woh raat bhar soya Usne exam achcha likha Usne khaa liya Usne khaa liya tha Woh chala gaya tha Woh aaya tha Woh khaayega Woh jaayega Woh aayega Tumhara /Aapka naam kya hai ? Kya Hai / Hein (respect) Tumhara / Aapka (respect) Naam What did you do? What should I do? What can I do? What are the questions? What were the questions? What is the last question? What is written in the letter? What you had been told? What will be the answer? Why did you come? Why did you sleep? Why did you tell him to go? Why did he bring the bag? Why did she pay the money? Why did they sit there? Why do you drive the car? Why did they come late for the meeting? How did you come? How did you sleep? How did you drive the car ? How did you write? How many apples are there in my hand? How many did you take? How much did he pay you? How much distance to go? How was the journey yesterday? Which way did you come? Which is your favourite colour? In which room did you sleep? Which story did you tell? Which is the sweetest fruit? Which is the best newspaper in Hindi? Which Indian state has the largest population? Where are you coming from? Where did you sleep? Where is the manager’s cabin? Where should I go? Is it a book? Yes, it is a book Is it the answer? Tumne / Aapne (respect) kya kiya ? Mein kya karoon ? Mein kya kar sakta hoon ? Kya sawal hein ? Kya sawal the ? Aakhiri sawal kya hai ? Khat mein kya likha hai ? Tumhein kya kaha gaya tha ? Jawab kya hoga ? Tum / Aap kyon aaye ? Tum / Aap kyon soye ? Tumne use jaane ko kyon kaha ? Woh bag kyon laya ? Usne paisa kyon diya ? Ve wahan kyon baithe the ? Tum / aap car kyon chalate ho ? Ve meeting ke liye deri se kyon aaye ? Tum / aap kaise aaye ? Tum kaise soye ? Tumne car kaise chalayee ? Tumne kaise likha ? Mere haath mein kitne sev hein ? Tumne kitne liye ? Usne tumhen kitna paisa diya ? Aur kitni door jana hai ? Kal ki yatra kaisi thi ? Tum / Aap kis raaste se aaye ? Tumhara /Aapka pasandida rang kaun sa hai? Tum / Aap kaunse kamre mein soye ? Tumne kaunsi kahani batayee ? Sabse meetha fal kaunsa hai ? Hindi mein sabse achcha newspaper kaunsa hai ? Kis bharatiya rajya ki jansankhya sabse jyada hai ? Aap / tum kahan se aa rahe ho ? Tum kahan soye ? Manager ka cabin kahan hai ? Mujhe kahan jaana chahiye ? Kya yeh kitab hai ? Haan, yeh kitab hai Kya yeh jawab hai? Will you give me your pen? Yes. Can you give me your pen? Can you lift the box? Can you write the exam? Did you have your lunch? How are you? I am fine Haan yehi jawab hai. I love you. zaroor Kya tum mujhe pyar karte ho ? Haan mein tumhein pyaar karta (m) / karti(f) hoon Kya tum mujhe apna pen de sakte ho? Kya tum box utha sakte ho ? Kya tum pariksha likh sakte ho ? Kya tumne dopehar ka khana khaya ? Tum kaise ho / Aap kaise hain ? Main achha hoon . it is the answer Will you come with me? I shall come with you. Kya tum mere saath aaoge ? Mein tumhare saath aaunga. Kya tum mujhe apna pen doge ? Haan.Yes. of course. Do you love me ? Yes. unko (r) .kaun .yahin . hamari (f) . unki (f) . its They To them Their . meri (f) .mujhko . ve (r) . this same That That very.kin ki . apki (f) .unka (m) .hamara (m) . tumhari (f) . ye (r) .mera (m) . uski (f) . hamare (pl) Second Person You . apke (pl) Third Person He. it (here) His. unke (pl) Demonstrative & relative This This very. inko (r) .kis ko . ap (r) To you . she. it (here) To him.vah .Pronouns First Person I To me My We To us Our .main .kaun si .isko. it (there) He. her.kin ko .kis ki .uska (m) .kis ka (m) .apka (m) .ve .yah.vah . her.usko. that same These Those Who Whom (s) Whom (pl or r) Whose Which (s) Which (pl) Of which (s) Of which (pl) . she.hamko .unko . tumhare Your (pl) Your (r) . uske (pl) .vahin .ve .ham . mere (pl) . it (there) To him.ye . her. kis ki (f) .tumko . apko (r) tumhara (m) .tum .kis ko .yah . jis | jo . respect) Verbs are referred to in their infinitive noun form which ends in na.us | ve . Examples: bol likh le a Present Tense .kin koin . Examples: bolna likhna lena ana to speak to write to take to come The stem of a verb is the infinitive form minus the na ending. plural) tense (present. future) action (perfect.un vahin .isin | ye hin .in yahin .inhin vah .Indirect | Direct . continuous) degree of respect (intimate.kisin | koin-koin .kis | kaun .unhin kaun .is | ye .jin Hindi Verbs Hindi verbs are inflected with respect to gender of the subject (masculine. imperfect. past.kinhin jo . feminine) number of the subject (singular.Pronouns in the direct and indirect cases Singular Plural Direct .Indirect yah . familiar.usin | ve hin . he. he. he. it is that. they are those. The feminine forms can be constructed by replacing raha and rahe with rahi.like the "-ing" form in English. main bolta hun tu bolta hai yah bolta hai vah bolta hai ham bolte hain tum bolte ho ap bolte hain ye bolte hain ve bolte hain I speak you speak (intimate) this. it is speaking that. it is we are you are (familiar) you are (respect) these. or ti to the stem of the verb followed by the present tense of hona. they speak Present Continuous The present continuous is used for ongoing actions -. It is formed like this: stem + raha/rahe/rahi + present tense of hona Below are shown the forms in the masculine. it speaks we speak you speak (familiar) you speak (respect) these. she. it speaks that. The feminine forms can be constructed by replacing bolta and bolte with bolti. he. te. they speak those. Below are shown the forms in the masculine. main bol raha hun tu bol raha hai yah bol raha hai vah bol raha hai ham bol rahe hain tum bol rahe ho I am speaking you are speaking (intimate) this. it is speaking we are speaking you are speaking (familiar) . he.Present tense of hona (to be): main hun tu hai yah hai vah hai ham hain tum ho ap hain ye hain ve hain I am you are (intimate) this. she. he. they are Present Imperfect The present imperfect is used for habitual actions. It is formed by adding ta. they were (The slash seperates masculine and feminine forms) Past Imperfect The past imprefect is used for habitual actions in the past. it was that. they are speaking Past Tense Past tense of hona (to be): main tha / thi tu tha / thi yah tha / thi vah tha / thi ham the / thin tum the / thin ap the / thin ye the / thin ve the / thin I was you were (intimate) this. it used to speak that. main bolta tha tu bolta tha yah bolta tha vah bolta tha ham bolte the tum bolte the ap bolte the ye bolte the ve bolte the I used to speak you used to speak (intimate) this.like the "-ing" form in English. he. they used to speak those.ap bol rahe hain ye bol rahe hain ve bol rahe hain you are speaking (respect) these. he. It is formed like this: stem + raha/rahe/rahi + past tense of hona . she. they used to speak Past Continuous The past continuous is used for ongoing actions in the past -. replacing tha with thi. The feminine forms can be constructed by replacing bolta and bolte with bolti. and the with thin. they are speaking those. It is formed like the present imperfect but with the past tense of hona instead of the present tense. it used to speak we used to speak you used to speak (familiar) you used to speak (respect) these. she. it was we were you were (familiar) you were (respect) these. he. they were those. he. Below are shown the forms in the masculine. Below are shown the forms in the masculine. ega/i. The feminine forms can be constructed by replacing the ending a or e with i. they will speak those. Below are shown the forms in the masculine. it will speak we will speak you will speak (familiar) you will speak (respect) these. It is formed as the present imperfect but with the future of raha instead of hona. it was speaking that. he. he. main bol raha tha tu bol raha tha yah bol raha tha vah bol raha tha ham bol rahe the tum bol rahe the ap bol rahe the ye bol rahe the ve bol rahe the I was speaking you were speaking (intimate) this. enge/i. he. it will speak that. main bolunga tu bolega yah bolega vah bolega ham bolenge tum bologe ap bolenge ye bolenge ve bolenge I will speak you will speak (intimate) this. they were speaking those. The feminine forms can be constructed by replacing raha and rahe with rahi. replacing tha with thi. and the with thin. Below are shown the forms in the masculine. they were speaking Future Tense Future Imperfect The future imprefect is used to refer to the future as well as to make assumptions about the presents (just like in English). they will speak Future Continuous The future continuous is used to refer to ongoing actions in the future. It is formed by adding unga/i. main bolta rahunga I will be speaking . The feminine forms can be constructed by replacing the ending a or e with i in both verbs. he. or oge/i to the stem. it was speaking we were speaking you were speaking (familiar) you were speaking (respect) these. Possession is expressed in other ways. it will be speaking we will be speaking you will be speaking (familiar) you will be speaking (respect) these. Use mat with the tu imperative. he. Use na or nahin with the ap imperative. or nahin. Use mat or na with the tum imperative. tum.tu bolta rahega yah bolta rahega vah bolta rahega ham bolte rahenge tum bolte rahoge ap bolte rahenge ye bolte rahenge ve bolte rahenge you will be speaking (intimate) this. they will be speaking Imperative There are three different imperatives in Hindi: tu. it will be speaking that. Examples: Ram ke pas gari hai Ram has a car ("near Ram a car it is") mera pas kitab hai I have a book ("near me a book it is") . they will be speaking those. Movable Objects Possession of movable objects is expressed using ke pas after the (English) subject. The tu imperative is the stem itself The tum imperative is the stem + o The ap imperative is the stem + ie or iye Examples: pani la bring water (intimate) pani lao bring water (familiar) pani laie bring water (respect) The imperatives are made negative by adding mat. Examples: vahan mat ja don't go there (intimate) vahan na jao don't go there (familiar) vahan nahin jaie don't go there (respect) To Have There is no Hindi verb for "to have". he. na. and ap imperative. katna to break .sahna to beat .nasta karna to bring .ana. ke.lana to bring up .nind ana to be tired .hamla karna to attempt .dafnana C to call .bartav karna to believe .bulana .bandhna to bite . ki.marna to beg .mangna to behave .koshish karna B to bathe . jalana to burst .jawab dena to arrive .palna to burn . pahunchana to attack .vishwas karna to be sleepy .jalna. Examples: uska makan hai he has a house ("of him a house it is") Ram ke do bete hain Ram has two sons ("of Ram two sons there are") Verb list A to advance .phutana to bury .torna to breakfast .thakna to bind .age barhna to answer .nahana to be .Immovable Objects Possession of immovable objects and of relatives is expressed using the possessive particles ka.hona to bear . samjhana to express .nakal karna to cover .girna to fear .ana to converse .bat karna to cook .juda hona.larna to fill .kanghi karna to come .charhna to comb .chillana. alag hona.rangna E to eat .marna to dine .maf karna .parwah karna to cast .saf karna to climb .khodna to die .bhag jana to forget .pakana to copy .urna to fly (run away) . sukhana to dye .badalna to clean .to care .pakarna to change .khana khana to do .utarna to dig .katna D to depart .asha karna to explain .sapna dekhna to drink .maf karna to expect .pina to dry .sukhna.bhulna to forgive .bharna to fly (in air) .karna to dream .dhakna to creep . rona to cruch .rengna to cry .khana to excuse . jana to decend .kuchalna to cut .dhalna to catch .darna to fight .vichar prakat karna F to fall . thokar marna to kill .letna to lie (speak) .uthana to give .jina to look .hansna to lead .G to get .jana H to have .janna L to laugh .chhipana I to improve .makan kiraye dena to lie (on bed) . naraz karna J to jump .dena to go . rakhna to hate .thik karna to irrigate .nafarat karna to hear .jorna to judge .jhuth bolna to lift .pani dena to irritate .kudna to join .vichar karna K to keep .chumna.sikhna to let . madad dena to hide .chahna to live (reside) .sahayata dena.dekhna to lose .rahna to live (not to die) .khona to love .pyar karna .marna to kiss .rakhna to kick .chirhana.uthana to like .sunna to help .hona. chumma lena to know .karne dena to learn .pana to get up . uthana S to say to scold to see to seek to sell to send .sarkana N to nibble .M to make .parhna to receive .khelna to play (music) .dalna to promise .napasnd karna to reply .rakhna Q to quarral .jhagra karna R to read .charhna to rise .dena to play .yad karna to recommend .kahna .bolna to pull . talash karna .banana to measure .baja bajana to pour .kholna to order .jawab dena to ride .kutarna O to open .dhakka dena to put .napna to mould .sifarish karna to reject .dantna .bhejna .pana to recollect .dhundhana .vada karna to pronounce .bechna .dhalna to move .dekhna.hukum dena P to pat .thapthapana to pay .khinchna to push . churana to stop .tang karna to tell .thukna to stay .chillana to show .bolna to spin .sona to smell .to sew . ghumna to wander .hal karna to sow .thaharna to steal .samajhna V to vomit .band karna to sing . tharana to swim .thaharna.idhar-udhar phirna to wash .lena to talk .bunna Nouns .chakhna to tear .chalna.sochna U to understand .dhona to waste .batchit karna to taste .baithna to sleep .ulti karna W to walk .sunghana to solve .bona to speak . batana to think .tairna T to take .gana to sit .hilna to shout .rona to weave .dikhana to shut .katna to spit .pharna to tease .barbad karna to weep .sina to shake .kahna. There are exceptions. Number There are two numbers in Hindi: singular and plural. Indirect case: Used when the noun is followed by a postposition.Gender There are two genders in Hindi: masculine and feminine. Case There are two cases in Hindi: direct and indirect case. Direct case: Otherwise Masculine nouns on -a Direct Indirect (larka = boy) Singular larka larke Plural larke larkon Other masculine nouns Direct Indirect (guru = teacher) Singular guru guru Plural guru guruon Feminine nouns on -i Direct Indirect (larki = girl) Singular larki larki Plural larkiyan larkiyon Other feminine nouns Direct Indirect (kitab = book) Singular kitab kitab Plural kitaben kitabon Postpositions . Rule of thumb: nouns ending on a are masculine and nouns ending on i are feminine. chota = small Singular Masculine Feminine chota kamra choti narangi chota ghar choti mez Plural Masculine Feminine chote kamre choti narangiyan chote ghar choti mezen Other adjectives do not change form. The use of postpositions makes it possible to express the "missing" cases in Hindi.Postpositions in Hindi are like prepositions in English but they are placed after the noun. The noun in front of the postposition is always in the indirect case. . f pl. nominative genitive s. f dative accusative vocative ablative agentive locative larki the girl larki ka kam larki ki bat larki ke kam larki ki baten larki ko the work of the girl the word of the girl the works of the girl the words of the girl to the girl larki larki ko larki larki se larki ne a girl the girl girl! from / with / of the girl the girl larki men larki par larki tak in the girl on / upon / after the girl as far as / as long as / up to the girl (direct case) (direct case) (direct case) Adjectives An adjective ending with -a changes form according to the gender and number of the noun it qualifies. m pl. m s. dubla .achchha .mitha .khula .khatta . Positive sundar Comparative usase sundar / se sundar Superlative sabse sundar When an adjective is repeated twice it emphasises different kinds of the noun or the intensity or selectivity.mota .light .band .basi .thaka .paina .asan .saf .karwa .khali .bhaunta . Adjective list easy difficult sweet bitte sour good bad blunt sharp dark open closed full empty tired fresh stale fat lean dirty clean .kharab .taza .mushkil .saf = clean Masculine Feminine Singular saf kamra saf mez Plural saf kamre saf mezen The comparative and superlative forms are made by adding the words usase (or se) and sabse in front of the positive form.ganda .bhara . tang .namra .gahra .naraz .phurtila .halka .mota .patla .halka .sachcha .badtamiz .jawan .pas .bhari .imandar .naraz .tandurust .mattha.thick thin true false distant near hot cold honest dishonest hollow solid liquid glad sad wealthy rich poor healthy sick long short new old young old light (color) dark (color) light heavy polite rude mannerless narrow wide broad active lazy smart dull angry kind pleased displeased proud humble .thanda .hoshiyar . manda .chaura .dhani .sankra.chhota .garib .namra .meharban .naya .badtamiz .ghamandi .buddha .chaura .thos .khusk .pola .beiman .ranjida .dur .purana .maldar .bimar .taral .sust .khush .jhutha .lamba .garam . kuchh many .sahi wrong .sab little .uncha low (things) .nicha some .sundar pretty .(usase) chhota big .cheap .paka smelling good .shorgul ka quiet .ubane wala durable .hoshiyar stupid .barhiya worthless .gila clever .sukha wet .vir coward .chhote high (things) .thora much .sundar beautiful .dehati brave .galat excellent .kachcha cooked .mahnga dry .dilchaspa dull .shahri rural .kayar handsome .sundar ugly .gahra shallow .(usase) bara younger .badbudar noisy .sasta dear .bewakuf deep .chhota high (person) .bahut right .kamzor strong .khushbudar smelling bad .bara small .zyada few .shant all .kurup raw .kuchh interesting .bare low (person) .mazbut not durable .kamzor elder .raddi .uthla urban .takatwar weak . itni .kaunsa how many .jitne.jo kuchh .sat .das . jitna .ek .utna.tin .kitna Cardinal numbers 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 .mulayam .itna. utni .chhah .kyon when .sunya.bewakuf .kara .nau .kitne how much .wise foolish sweet harsh national foreign this much as many several that much such whatever hard soft other same .videshi . sifar .kab where .dusra .ath .kaun what .kai .deshi ya rashtriya .kya why .kaise which .char .buddhiman .aisa.kahan how .mitha .do .sakhta .vahi Different words Questions who .panch . aisi . ek karor (10.000 .bhura green .pahla 2nd .pancvan 6th .tis 40 .nauvan 10th .pachas 60 .pila .safed yellow .do sau 1.hara indigo .kala blue .nabbe 100 .ek sau 101 .ek hazar lac .chamkila brown .athvan 9th .nila bright .ek lakh (100.000) crore .bhura color .naranji red .000) Other words having to do with numbers 1st .bis 30 .tihai 1/4 .dasvan 1/2 .sath 70 .ek sau ek 200 .cauthai 3/4 .cautha 5th .chatha 7th .gulabi white .lal rosy .dusra 3rd .baingni orange .rang golden .assi 90 .tisra 4th .sunahra gray .chalis 50 .000.20 .pauna Colors black .satvan 8th .sattar 80 .adha 1/3 . .niche .pahle . about (place) about (pertaining to) above across after again again & again against (opposite) against (touching) alas aloof almost also although altogether always among and around as if as far as as soon as at backward backwards & forwards because because (him) before behind below beneath between beyond bravo but by certainly .ekdam .se .bad men . prepositions.shabash .khilaf .us par .bich men .zarur .pichhe .bare men .jahantak .uspar .bhira kar .lekin .ohi .phir ..afsos .karib-karib .Adverbs.unke bich men .as .dur .halanki .as-pas . conjuctions.hamesha .mano .kyonki .bar-bar .taraf .niche .age-pichhe .aur .vajah se (uski) .upar .pichhe .jyonhi . (uske) liye . turamt andar .certainly not down downward during early either enough especially even even then ever every moment far for for ever forward from generally gradually hence (place) hence (time) here here and there hither how how much if if not if possible if so immediate in in brief indeed in front of inparticular in general in short inside just now late little by little near never neither no .tab to .agar nahin to .na vah .thora-thora karke .der se .niche .thore men .niche ki taraf .vastav men .am taur par .samne .khas kar .us bich men .thore men .yahan .abhi-abhi .age .yahan se .bhi .dhire-dhire .pas .am taur se .hamesha .se .kabhi nahin .khas taur se .andar .agar .yahan .nahin .dur .andar .jaldi .ya to .zaruri.agar aisa hai to .kaise .kitna .ho sake to .ab se .hamesha ke liye .yahan vahan .hargiz nahin .kafi .hardam . khatam .shayad .to.sachmuch .jyon tyon karke .vahan .afsos .yahan se .ek bar .mushkil se .se .zarur .upar .aksar .isliye .itni der se .ab .jaldi .itna .kewal .albatta .yadyapi .kuchh nahin .nor not nothing not yet now now or never of of course off oft / often on once only or out out and out over (higher) over (finished) perhaps please quite quietly really scarcely seldom since (time) since (conditional) so some somehow so much so and so so late so soon soon still sorry suddenly surely that (conjunction) than then there therefore thither though .abhi ya phir kabhi nahin .kuchh .chunki .achanak .ya .nahin .chupchap .abhi tak nanin .bahar .itni jaldi .na vah .tab se . tab .kabhi-kabhi .falana .ki .phir bhi .ka .dur .isliya .upar .krpaya .bilkul .bilkul . subh ratri Hello .jab kabhi .chunki .tin bar .jab kabhi ho sake .f) .aise . sukriya .ek sath .kal .ap kaise hain? How are you (r.kab .kyon .niche .han .namaste Good bye (muslims) .cahan .ap kaisi hain? I am fine.sahi .namaskar / namaste / subh din Good bye (hindus) .subh din Good afternoon .subh sandhya Good night .jab tak . thanks .upar .us mense .kahin bhi .m) .do bar .subh prabhat Good day .tab tak .through thrice thus till today together tomorrow tonight towards truly truly twice under until up unless very well when whenever whenever it de where wherever whereas while why yes yesterday .bahut accha.bahut .achchha .aj .kal Examples of sentences in Hindi Greetings Good morning .rat ko .sach taur par .tab tak .khuda hafiz How are you (r.jab tak .taraf . ? ..mujhe .ap kis des ke hain? How old are you? .. I would like a .mujhe cay cahiye .. chahein . Muslims greet each other with salam alekum. chahiya . sentences (Masculine forms used) My name is Poul I live in Denmark I am a student I go to school in Lyngby I speak a little Hindi I would like some tea I am tired I am thirsty I am hungry I am not hungry I have to go I don't understand it I understand (now) It is important I would like to buy a .yah kaun hai? What is this? .mujhe kuch .mujhe bhukh nahin hai .main hindi kuch-kuch bol sakta hun .mujhe pyas lagi hai . karidhna chahtha hun ..ap kahan ke rahne vale hain? Which country are you from? .ap kya padethe hain? What is wrong? .yah zaruri hai .mujhe bhukh lagi hai .ap kya kam karte hain? What are you studying? .yah kitne ki hai? Who are you? ... Questions Who is that? ....kya baja hai? Misc.main vidyarthi hun .ap ki umar kya hai? What is your job? .I am fine. . dhanyavad Hindus greet each other with namaste.vah kya hai? Where is it? ..main denmark men rahta hun ..yah kya hai? What is that? .lyngby men main skul jata hun . The answer is also namaste.kya samay hua? What time is it? ...mera nam poul hai .kya ap hindi bol sakte hain? What time is it? .mujhe jana hai . The answer is valekum as salam.(ab) main samajha ..main .vah kahan hai? Where is ..ap kaun hai? What is your name? . kahan hai? How much is it? . thanks .apka subh nam kya hai? Where are you from? .main thak gaya hai .Kya bat hai? Do you speak Hindi? .mujhe samajh men yah nahin a raha ..main thik hun.. I would like some . yah poul bol raha hai Who is it? (on the phone) .Poul speaking (on the phone) .kaun bol raha hai? .