SAR-66_Amd1

Singapore Airworthiness Requirements Part 66Aircraft Maintenance Licensing Amendment 1 23 July 2010 Publication of the Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore Singapore Changi Airport P.O.Box 1, Singapore 918141 Copies of this document may be obtained from from the CAAS website at www.caas.gov.sg SAR-66 SINGAPORE AIRWORTHINESS REQUIREMENTS SAR 66 CONTENTS SECTION 1 REQUIREMENTS 66.1 66.3 66.5 66.10 66.20 66.25 66.30 66.40 66.45 66.50 66.55 66.60 66.65 66.70 General Effectivity Definitions Application and Issue Privileges Basic knowledge requirements Experience requirements Continuity of the aircraft maintenance licence Type/task training and ratings Medical fitness Evidence of qualification Equivalent safety cases Revocation, suspension or limitation of the SAR-66 aircraft maintenance licence Conversion provisions APPENDIX 1 APPENDIX 2 APPENDIX 3 APPENDIX 4 BASIC KNOWLEDGE REQUIREMENTS BASIC EXAMINATION STANDARD TYPE TRAINING AND EXAMINATION STANDARD EXPERIENCE REQUIREMENTS FOR EXTENDING A SAR-66 AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE LICENCE AIRCRAFT TYPE PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE LIST OF TASKS FOR OTHER THAN LARGE AIRCRAFT ACCEPTABLE MEANS OF COMPLIANCE (AMC) AND INTERPRETATIVE/EXPLANATORY MATERIAL (IEM) 1 2 General Presentation APPENDIX 5 SECTION 2 AMC/IEM 66.1 to AMC/IEM 66.70 Amendment 1 i 23 July 2010 SECTION 1 SAR-66 INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 23 July 2010 ii Amendment 1 . SAR-66 SINGAPORE AIRWORTHINESS REQUIREMENTS SAR 66 AMENDMENT RECORD LIST Amendment No First Issue Issue 2 Amendment 1 Issue Date 4 June 2004 15 August 2006 23 July 2010 Inserted By Insertion Date Incorporated into Amendment 1 Amendment 1 iii 23 July 2010 . SECTION 1 SAR-66 INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 23 July 2010 iv Amendment 1 . 15 August 2006 Issue 2. 15 August 2006 Issue 2. 15 August 2006 Issue 2. The following pages of SAR-66 are now current: i ii iii iv v vi 1-1 1-2 1-3 1-4 1-5 1-6 1-7 1-8 1-9 1-10 1-11 1-12 1-13 1-14 1-15 1-16 1-17 1-18 1-19 1-20 1-21 1-22 1-23 1-24 1-25 1-26 1-27 1-28 1-29 1-30 1-31 1-32 1-33 1-34 1-35 1-36 1-37 1-38 1-39 1-40 1-41 1-42 1-43 1-44 1-45 Amendment 1. 15 August 2006 Issue 2. 15 August 2006 Issue 2. 15 August 2006 Issue 2. 15 August 2006 Issue 2. 23 July 2010 23 July 2010 23 July 2010 23 July 2010 23 July 2010 23 July 2010 Amendment 1. Amendment 1. 15 August 2006 Issue 2. 23 July 2010 Amendment 1. 23 July 2010 Issue 2. 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Amendment 1.SAR-66 SINGAPORE AIRWORTHINESS REQUIREMENTS SAR 66 LIST OF EFFECTIVE PAGES Amendment 1 is dated 23 July 2010. 15 August 2006 Issue 2. 15 August 2006 Issue 2. 15 August 2006 Issue 2. 15 August 2006 Issue 2. 15 August 2006 Issue 2. 15 August 2006 Issue 2. 15 August 2006 Issue 2. 15 August 2006 Issue 2. 15 August 2006 Issue 2. 15 August 2006 Issue 2. 15 August 2006 Issue 2. 15 August 2006 Issue 2. 15 August 2006 Issue 2. 15 August 2006 Issue 2. 15 August 2006 Issue 2. 15 August 2006 Issue 2. 15 August 2006 Issue 2. 15 August 2006 Issue 2. 15 August 2006 Issue 2. 15 August 2006 Issue 2. 15 August 2006 Issue 2. 15 August 2006 Issue 2. 15 August 2006 Issue 2. 15 August 2006 Issue 2. 15 August 2006 Issue 2. 15 August 2006 Issue 2. 15 August 2006 Issue 2. 15 August 2006 Issue 2. 15 August 2006 Issue 2. 15 August 2006 Issue 2. 15 August 2006 Issue 2. 15 August 2006 23 July 2010 vi Amendment 1 . 15 August 2006 Issue 2. 15 August 2006 Issue 2. 15 August 2006 Issue 2.SECTION 1 SAR-66 1-46 1-47 1-48 1-49 1-50 1-51 1-52 1-53 1-54 1-55 1-56 1-57 1-58 1-59 1-60 1-61 1-62 1-63 1-64 1-65 1-66 1-67 1-68 1-69 1-70 1-71 1-72 2-1 2-2 2-3 2-4 2-5 2-6 2-7 2-8 2-9 2-10 2-11 2-12 Issue 2. 15 August 2006 Issue 2. 15 August 2006 Issue 2. 15 August 2006 Issue 2. 15 August 2006 Issue 2. 15 August 2006 Issue 2. 15 August 2006 Issue 2. ‘Certification’ means the issuance of a certificate of release to service. including radio. if appropriate. turbine and piston engines. the SAR-66 prescribes the requirements for the issue of a SAR-66 aircraft maintenance licence and conditions of its validity and use. helicopters. the following definitions shall apply: Amendment 1 1-1 23 July 2010 . ‘Credit’ means recognition of alternative means or prior qualifications. ‘Organisation procedures’ means the procedures applied by the SAR-145 approved maintenance organisation in (d) Categories A and B1 are subdivided into subcategories relative to combinations of aeroplanes.2 A3 and B1. Amendment 1 is issued and effective on 23 July 2010. classified as an aeroplane with a maximum take-off mass of more than 5. or a multiengined helicopter. specified in the document. ‘Certifying staff’ means those personnel who are authorised by the SAR-145 approved maintenance organisation or other approved organisation in accordance with a procedure acceptable to the Authority to certify aircraft or aircraft components for release to service. Approved training’ means training conducted under special curricula and supervision approved by the Chief Executive. SAR-66. that is conducted within an approved maintenance training organisation. ‘Aircraft avionics’ means a term designating any electronic device – including its electrical part – for use in an aircraft.700 kg. ‘Approved maintenance organisation’ means an organisation approved in accordance with paragraph 8A of the Air Navigation Order. ‘Aircraft maintenance licence’ or ‘AML’ means a document issued as evidence of qualification confirming that the person to whom it refers has met the SAR-66 knowledge and experience requirements for any aircraft basic category and aircraft type rating. (b) Certifying staff responsible for issuing the certificate of release to service for Singapore aircraft shall be qualified in accordance with the appropriate requirements of : (1) Section 7 of the Singapore Airworthiness Requirements.4 Aeroplanes Turbine Aeroplanes Piston Helicopters Turbine Helicopters Piston SAR-66. (c) Pursuant to paragraph 17A of the Air Navigation Order (ANO). ‘The Authority’ means the Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore (CAAS) established under Section 4 of the Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore Act.5 Definitions For the purpose of this SAR-66.3 Effectivity The SAR-66 was first issued on 4 June 2004.1 A2 and B1. or (2) SAR-66 Aircraft Maintenance Licensing requirements. The subcategories are: — — — — A1 and B1.1 General (a) SAR-145 permits appropriately authorised certifying staff to issue a certificate of release to service on behalf of the SAR-145 approved maintenance organisation when satisfied that all required maintenance has been completed. automatic flight control and instrument systems. ‘Large aircraft’ means an aircraft. SAR-66 Issue 2 was issued and effective on 15 August 2006. for aeroplanes and helicopters of the following categories: — — — — Category A Category B1 Category B2 Category C ‘Aircraft’ means any machine that can derive support in the atmosphere from the reactions of the air other than reactions of the air against the earth's surface.3 A4 and B1.SAR-66 SECTION 1 SINGAPORE AIRWORTHINESS REQUIREMENTS SAR 66 SECTION 1 – REQUIREMENTS SAR-66. The privileges apply to the aircraft in its entirety in a SAR-145 organisation. ‘SAR Section 7’ means Section 7 of the Singapore Airworthiness Requirements. within the limits of tasks specifically endorsed on the authorisation. Note: The aircraft maintenance licence alone does not permit the holder to issue certificates of release to service in respect of aircraft. (d) A SAR-66 aircraft maintenance licence is valid for a period of not more than 2 years from the date of issue or renewal unless suspended or revoked by the Authority. The certification privileges are restricted to work that the authorisation holder has personally performed. (2) Category B1 – an aircraft maintenance licence which permits the holder to issue certificates of release to service following maintenance of the aircraft structure. (c) Upon receiving a SAR-66 aircraft maintenance licence. Category B1 shall automatically include the appropriate A subcategory. and (2) in the preceding 2-year period. mechanical and electrical systems. the aircraft maintenance licence holder must in addition hold a SAR-145 certification authorisation with the appropriate privileges issued by the SAR-145 approved maintenance organisation. and (3) be able to demonstrate a need to hold the licence.20 Privileges (a) Certifying staff qualified in accordance with this SAR-66 and holding a valid aircraft maintenance licence are eligible to hold a SAR-145 certification authorisation in the following categories : (1) Category A – an aircraft maintenance (c) Certifications shall be made in accordance with the procedures of the approved organisation and within the scope of the certification authorisation. (a) An application for a SAR-66 aircraft maintenance licence or amendment to such licence must be made on a form and in a manner prescribed by the Authority. the holder shall forthwith sign his name thereon in ink with his ordinary signature. To issue a certificate of release to service for such aircraft. write and communicate to an understandable level in English in which technical documentation and procedures necessary to support the issue of certificate of release to service are written. SAR-66. (b) An applicant who meets the appropriate requirements of SAR-66 and has paid all charges prescribed by the Authority may be granted a SAR-66 aircraft maintenance licence. 23 July 2010 1-2 Amendment 1 . powerplant.SECTION 1 SAR-66 accordance with the maintenance organisation exposition within the scope of the approval. (b) The holder of an aircraft maintenance licence may not exercise certification privileges unless: (1) he or she is in compliance with the applicable requirements of SAR-145. SAR-66. he or she has had 6 months of maintenance experience relevant to the privileges of his or her aircraft maintenance licence. (e) An applicant for the grant of a SAR-66 aircraft maintenance licence must: (1) be at least 21 years of age. (3) Category B2 – an aircraft maintenance licence which permits the holder to issue certificates of release to service following maintenance of avionic and electrical systems. ‘SAR-7 aircraft maintenance engineer licence’ or ‘SAR-7 AMEL’ means an aircraft maintenance engineer licence issued in accordance with the requirements of Section 7 of the Singapore Airworthiness Requirements.10 Application and Issue licence which permits the holder to issue certificates of release to service following minor scheduled line maintenance and simple defect rectification. as specified in SAR-145. and following replacement of avionic line replaceable units requiring simple tests to prove their serviceability. (4) Category C – an aircraft maintenance licence which permits the holder to issue certificates of release to service following base maintenance on aircraft. (2) be able to read. 4 support staff working on large aircraft.25 Basic knowledge requirements (2) for category B2 and subcategories B1. Aviation Legislation (Module M10) and the essay paper (Module M50) which are valid for 5 years. (c) Full or partial credit against the basic knowledge requirements and associated examination may be given for any other technical qualification considered by the Authority to be equivalent to the SAR-66 knowledge standard.2 or B1. Amendment 1 1-3 23 July 2010 . SAR-66.3 or B2 privileges on large aircraft or as SAR-145 B1.3 or B2 support staff working on large aircraft. or (iii) 1 year of practical maintenance experience on operating aircraft and completion of a SAR-147 approved basic training course. or (iii) 2 years of practical maintenance experience on operating aircraft and completion of a SAR-147 approved basic training course. or (ii) 2 years of practical maintenance experience on operating aircraft and completion of training considered relevant by the Authority as a skilled worker in a technical trade.2 or B1. or. and 3 years of experience working in a civil aircraft maintenance environment on a representative selection of tasks directly associated with aircraft maintenance. (4) for category C with respect to aircraft other than large aircraft: 3 years of experience exercising category B1 or B2 privileges on aircraft other than large aircraft or as SAR-145 B1 or B2 support staff working on aircraft other than large aircraft.1. a level of knowledge in the appropriate subject modules in accordance with Appendix 1 to this SAR-66. (e) A person who fails a basic knowledge examination twice within a 3-month period shall be ineligible to reapply for that examination for a period specified by the Authority. a combination of both. or a combination of both.4 privileges on large aircraft or as SAR-145 B1. B1.2 and B1. by examination. (d) A pass in a basic knowledge examination paper is valid for a period of 10 years except for passes in Human Factors (Module M09).1. (b) An applicant for a basic knowledge examination who has not successfully completed a SAR-147 approved basic training course shall have at least 2 years of general experience in an aviation maintenance environment.30 Experience requirements (ii) 3 years of practical maintenance experience on operating aircraft and completion of training considered relevant by the Authority as a skilled worker.3: (i) 5 years of practical maintenance experience on operating aircraft if the applicant has no previous relevant technical training. (b) An applicant for an addition of a category or subcategory to an aircraft maintenance licence shall have a minimum civil aircraft maintenance experience requirement appropriate to the additional category or subcategory of licence applied for as defined in Appendix 4 to this SAR-66. (3) for category C with respect to large aircraft: (i) 3 years of experience exercising category B1. or (a) An applicant for an aircraft maintenance licence or the addition of a category or subcategory to such an aircraft maintenance licence shall demonstrate. or (ii) 5 years of experience exercising category B1.SAR-66 SECTION 1 SAR-66. in a technical trade. (c) For categories A. B1.4: (i) 3 years of practical maintenance experience on operating aircraft if the applicant has no previous relevant technical training.1 and B1. B1 and B2. (5) for category C obtained through the academic route: an academic degree in a technical discipline. from a university recognised by the Authority. the experience (a) An applicant for an aircraft maintenance licence shall have acquired: (1) for category A and subcategories B1. including 6 months of observation of base maintenance tasks. or a combination of both. 2 and B1. SAR-66. (b) The SAR-66 aircraft maintenance licence holder shall apply to the Authority to renew his licence at least 1 month. Theoretical and practical training shall comply with Appendix 3 to this SAR-66. (c) Except as otherwise specified in paragraph (h). at least 2 years of the required practical maintenance experience must be recent maintenance experience on aircraft of the category/subcategory for which the initial aircraft maintenance licence is sought. the holder of a category B1. Additional recent practical maintenance experience on the maintenance of civil aircraft shall.30(a)(5) must (a) The SAR-66 aircraft maintenance licence holder shall inform the Authority of any change in the particulars which will affect the information contained in the licence. but not more than 3 months. at least 1 year of the required practical maintenance experience must be recent maintenance experience on aircraft of the category/subcategory for which the initial aircraft maintenance licence is sought.30(a)(5) must be demonstrated in a manner acceptable to the Authority. (e) For category C to be obtained through academic route. the 6 months of observation of base maintenance tasks as required in SAR-66. however. (f) Notwithstanding paragraph (a). (d) For category A and subcategories B1. ratings shall be granted following satisfactory completion of the relevant category B1. (d) Category B1 and B2 approved type training shall include theoretical and practical elements and consist of the appropriate course in relation to the 66. The required practical maintenance experience must be dependent upon the difference between the licence category/subcategory held and applied for.1 and B1. (d) Notwithstanding sub-paragraph (c). aircraft maintenance experience gained outside a civil aircraft maintenance environment may be accepted by the Authority when satisfied that such experience is equivalent to that required by SAR-66. be required to ensure understanding of the civil aircraft maintenance environment. (b) Except as otherwise specified in paragraph (g).40 Continuity of the maintenance licence aircraft affect his or her technical skill or judgment. (e) Failure to renew the SAR-66 aircraft maintenance licence shall invalidate any certification authorisation issued on the basis of such SAR-66 aircraft maintenance licence and may require recent aircraft maintenance experience and/or the re-sit of some examinations before re-issue of the licence. (c) A SAR-66 aircraft maintenance licence will be renewed provided the applicant is not suffering from any disability likely to adversely 23 July 2010 1-4 Amendment 1 . or conducted by an appropriately approved SAR-147 maintenance training organisation. B2 or C aircraft type training accepted by the Authority.SECTION 1 SAR-66 must be practical which means being involved with a representative cross section of maintenance tasks on operating aircraft. SAR-66. (e) The first type training for a holder of an academic degree seeking a category C licence as specified in 66. The training shall include theoretical training and practical hands-on training as appropriate for each task authorised.3. the entire duration of maintenance experience as required in Appendix 4 to this SAR-66 must be recent. The Authority will decide for each particular case. B2 or C aircraft maintenance licence shall only exercise certification privileges on a specific aircraft type when the aircraft maintenance licence is endorsed with the appropriate aircraft type rating.20(a) privileges.45 Type/task training and ratings (a) The holder of a category A aircraft maintenance licence may only exercise certification privileges on a specific aircraft type following the satisfactory completion of the relevant category A aircraft task training carried out by an appropriately approved SAR-145 or SAR-147 organisation. a SAR-66 aircraft maintenance licence held by a person who is not a Singapore citizen or permanent resident may not be renewed unless the licence holder is working for a CAAS approved organisation. For subsequent category/subcategory addition to an existing aircraft maintenance licence. For category B2 and subcategories B1. before the date of expiry of the licence. Satisfactory completion of training shall be demonstrated by an examination and/or by workplace assessment carried out by an appropriately approved SAR-145 or SAR-147 organisation. All recent practical maintenance experience must be demonstrated in a manner acceptable to the Authority.4. shall be demonstrated by an examination. subject to satisfactory completion of the relevant category B1. where only manufacturer group rating applies. when the aircraft maintenance licence is endorsed with the appropriate group ratings. (1) Manufacturer group ratings may be granted after complying with the type rating requirements of 2 aircraft types representative of the group from the same manufacturer.composite structure — aeroplane multiple piston engines . or the training organisation accepted by the Authority to conduct the approved type training course. the holder of a category B1. In the case of category C ratings on aircraft other than large aircraft. B2 or C aircraft maintenance licence may also exercise certification privileges.SAR-66 SECTION 1 include both theoretical and practical training at either category B1 or B2 level. (1) Category B1. ratings on aircraft other than large aircraft may also be granted.metal structure — aeroplane single piston engine . for aircraft other than large aircraft. (f) Completion of approved aircraft type training. or organisations accepted by the Authority.single engine — aeroplane turbine .30(a)5.50 Medical fitness for category B1 or C: — helicopter piston engine — helicopter turbine engine — aeroplane single piston engine . for a person qualified by holding an academic degree as specified in 66. The examinations in respect of category B1 or B2 or C aircraft type ratings shall be conducted by training organisations appropriately approved under SAR-147. B2 and C approved type examinations must consist of a mechanical examination for category B1 and an avionics examination for category B2 and both mechanical and avionics examination for category C. However. where paragraph (c) approved type training is required. (3) Aircraft type practical experience shall include a representative cross section of maintenance activities relevant to the category. The examination shall comply with Appendix 3 to this SAR-66. (2) Full group ratings may be granted after complying with the type rating requirements of 3 aircraft types representative of the group from different manufacturers. the first relevant aircraft type examination shall be at the category B1 or B2 level.metal structure — aeroplane multiple piston engines .multiple engine (ii) for category B2 or C: — aeroplane — helicopter (h) Notwithstanding paragraph (c). approved training organisations.wooden structure Certifying staff must not exercise the privileges of their certification authorisation if they know or suspect that their physical or mental condition renders them unfit to exercise such privileges. unless the Authority has determined that the aircraft is complex. SAR-66.composite structure — aeroplane turbine . as required by paragraphs (b) to (e).wooden structure — aeroplane single piston engine . (g) Notwithstanding paragraph (b). The examination may be conducted by the Authority. B2 or C aircraft type examination and demonstration of practical experience on the aircraft type. (2) The examination shall comply with Appendix 3 to this SAR-66. the Authority. or manufacturer group ratings. (3) The groups following: (i) shall consist the — aeroplane multiple piston engines . Amendment 1 1-5 23 July 2010 . no full group rating may be granted to B1 multiple turbine engine aeroplanes. unless the Authority has determined that the complexity of the aircraft in question requires a type rating. revoke. a SAR-7 aircraft maintenance engineer licence issued prior to the effective date of this SAR-66 shall be replaced with a SAR-66 aircraft maintenance licence upon renewal without further examination. SAR-66. the replacement SAR-66 aircraft maintenance licence and the rating(s) 23 July 2010 1-6 Amendment 1 . SAR-66.65 Revocation. from any requirement in SAR-66 when satisfied that a situation exists not covered by SAR-66 and subject to compliance with any supplementary condition(s) the Authority considers necessary to ensure equivalent safety. (c) The holder of a SAR-66 aircraft maintenance licence that has been suspended or revoked shall forthwith forward the licence to the Authority. on reasonable grounds after due enquiry.SECTION 1 SAR-66 SAR-66. (c) Persons taking examinations under the SAR7 requirements prior to the effective date of this SAR-66 may continue to be qualified in accordance with SAR-7 requirements but will be issued a SAR-66 aircraft maintenance licence subject to limitations where applicable upon qualifying. The Authority may exempt any person. (b) Where necessary. or any experience as required by the Authority.70 Conversion provisions INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK (a) Subject to sub-paragraph (b). suspension or limitation of the SAR-66 aircraft maintenance licence (a) The Authority may.60 Equivalent safety cases therein shall contain technical limitation(s) in relation to the scope of the pre-existing qualification. required to be qualified in accordance with SAR-66. SAR-66. Certifying staff must be able to produce their licence if requested by an authorised person within a reasonable time. suspend or limit the SAR-66 aircraft maintenance licence or direct the SAR-145 approved maintenance organisation to revoke.55 Evidence of qualification Certifying staff qualified in accordance with this SAR-66 may be issued with an aircraft maintenance licence by the Authority as evidence of one of the qualifications necessary for the grant of a SAR-145 certification authorisation. (d) Limitations on SAR-66 aircraft maintenance licence may be removed when the licence holder successfully applies to the Authority for their removal after fulfilling the necessary theoretical and practical requirements. suspend or limit the SAR-145 certification authorisation if the Authority is not satisfied that the holder of the licence and authorisation is a fit and proper person to hold such licence and authorisation. (b) In the case where the Authority has determined that the safe operation of the aircraft is adversely affected the Authority may provisionally suspend the SAR-66 aircraft maintenance licence without prior notice. as appropriate. give a general description of the subject using. be able to read. The applicant should: (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) know the theory of the subject and interrelationships with other subjects. The applicant should be able to: (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) understand the theoretical fundamentals of the subject. KNOWLEDGE LEVELS — CATEGORY A. Objectives: LEVEL 3 A detailed knowledge of the theoretical and practical aspects of the subject. LEVEL 2 A general knowledge of the theoretical and practical aspects of the subject. use mathematical formulae in conjunction with physical laws describing the subject. (ii) able to give a simple description of the whole subject. B1. Objectives: Issue 2 1-7 15 August 2006 .SAR-66 SECTION 1 SINGAPORE AIRWORTHINESS REQUIREMENTS SAR 66 APPENDIX 1 BASIC KNOWLEDGE REQUIREMENTS 1. B2 AND C AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE LICENCE Basic knowledge for categories A. and apply his or her knowledge in a practical manner using detailed procedures. understand and be able to use mathematical formulae related to the subject. 2 or 3) against each applicable subject. be able to give a detailed description of the subject using theoretical fundamentals and specific examples. and be able to interpret results from various sources and measurements and apply corrective action where appropriate. be able to apply his knowledge in a practical manner using manufacturer's instructions. read and understand sketches. drawings and schematics describing the subject. The knowledge level indicators are defined as follows: LEVEL 1 Objectives: A familiarisation with the principal elements of the subject. and (iii) able to use typical terms. An ability to apply that knowledge. using common words and examples. The applicant should be: (i) familiar with the basic elements of the subject. A capacity to combine and apply the separate elements of knowledge in a logical and comprehensive manner. simple drawings and schematics describing the subject. understand and prepare sketches. Category C applicants must meet either the category B1 or the category B2 basic knowledge levels. B1 and B2 are indicated by the allocation of knowledge levels indicators (1. typical examples. SECTION 1 SAR-66 2. Structures and Systems X X X X X X M04 X X X X X M05 X X X X X M06 X X X X X M07 X X X X X M08 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X M09 M10 M11A X M11B X M12 X X M13 X 15 August 2006 1-8 Issue 2 . Structures and Systems Aircraft Aerodynamics. Structures and Systems Piston Aeroplane Aerodynamics. Module Name Cat A or B1 Aeroplanes with: Turbine Engine Piston Engine X X X Cat A or B1 Helicopters with: Turbine Engine X X X Piston Engine X X X Cat B2 Avionics M01 M02 M03 Mathematics Physics Electrical Fundamentals Electronic Fundamentals Digital Techniques / Electronic Instrument Systems Materials and Hardware Maintenance Practices Basic Aerodynamics Human Factors Aviation Legislation Turbine Aeroplane Aerodynamics. Structures and Systems Helicopter Aerodynamics. Applicable subjects are indicated by an ‘X’: Module No. MODULARISATION Qualification on basic subjects for each SAR-66 aircraft maintenance licence category or subcategory should be in accordance with the following matrix. A16 and A17. Module Name Cat A or B1 Aeroplanes with: Turbine Engine Piston Engine Cat A or B1 Helicopters with: Turbine Engine Piston Engine Cat B2 Avionics M14 M15 Propulsion Gas Turbine Engine Piston Engine Propeller Bridging Paper for Category A X X X X X X X X X X X M16 M171 M602 1 Candidates who do not have examination credit in Module 17 may be considered for the grant of a SAR-66 Category A1 or B1.SAR-66 SECTION 1 Module No. A11. 2 Issue 2 1-9 15 August 2006 . B12. A14. A12.1 licence with limitation against propeller. B13. M60 is a bridging paper for applicants seeking to qualify for SAR-66 category A after having passed the following subjects under SAR-7: B11. simple algebraic fractions. weights.3 Geometry (a) Simple geometrical constructions. nature and uses of graphs. Indices and powers. Logarithms.1 Arithmetic Arithmetical terms and signs. negative and fractional indices. use of brackets. Algebra (a) Evaluating simple algebraic expressions. MATHEMATICS Level A 1. averages and percentages. factors and multiples. 1.SECTION 1 SAR-66 MODULE 1. (c) Simple trigonometry. trigonometrical relationships. graphs of equations/functions. areas and volumes.2 1 2 2 - 1 1 2 - 1 2 2 1 2 2 15 August 2006 1-10 Issue 2 . measures and conversion factors. use of tables and rectangular and polar co-ordinates. (b) Graphical representation. cubes. addition. square and cube roots. fractions and decimals. squares. (b) Linear equations and their solutions. methods of multiplication and division. ratio and proportion. 1 B1 2 B2 2 1. subtraction. Simultaneous equations and second degree equations with one unknown. Binary and other applicable numbering systems. multiplication and division. Level A 2. PHYSICS Students should become conversant with Metric. structure of atoms. inertia. Simple theory of vibration. Mechanics 2. Pressure and buoyancy in liquids (barometers). Centre of gravity. power. Friction: nature and effects. conservation of momentum. harmonics and resonance. Gyroscopic principles.2. effects of streamlining. representation as vectors. Static. compression. coefficient of friction (rolling resistance). 1 2 1 1 B1 1 B2 1 2. Dynamics (a) Mass. molecules Chemical compounds. work.2. efficiency. Kinetics Linear movement: uniform motion in a straight line.2 1 2 1 2.1 Statics Forces. venturi. liquid and gaseous. fluid resistance. motion under constant acceleration (motion under gravity). Effects of compressibility on fluids. fluid and gas. Force.2. Elements of theory of stress. Velocity ratio.1 Matter Nature of matter: the chemical elements.4 2 1 2 2 2 1 Issue 2 1-11 15 August 2006 . Rotational movement: uniform circular motion (centrifugal/ centripetal forces). moments and couples. Impulse. shear and torsion. Nature and properties of solid.SAR-66 SECTION 1 MODULE 2.3 1 2 1 1 2 2 2. kinetic and total energy). mechanical advantage and efficiency. (b) Momentum. energy (potential.2. strain and elasticity: tension. dynamic and total pressure: Bernoulli's Theorem. (b) Viscosity. Periodic motion: pendular movement.2 2. Fluid dynamics (a) Specific gravity and density. Imperial (British) and US units and measurements. States: solid. heat. Changes between states. Fibre optics. standing waves. pitch and quality. specific heat. PHYSICS (Continued) Level A 2. constant volume and constant pressure.5 - 2 2 15 August 2006 1-12 Issue 2 . Sound: speed of sound. Optics (Light) Nature of light. Latent heats of fusion and evaporation. Fahrenheit and Kelvin. lenses. (b) Heat capacity. specific heat at constant volume and constant pressure. thermal energy. Isothermal. heat of combustion. speed of light. Wave Motion and Sound Wave motion: mechanical waves. Heat transfer: convection. production of sound. intensity. adiabatic expansion and compression. reflection by spherical mirrors. radiation and conduction. refraction. refrigerators and heat pumps. Doppler effect. Laws of reflection and refraction: reflection at plane surfaces. interference phenomena. Gases: ideal gases laws.4 - 2 2 2. 2 B1 2 B2 2 - 2 2 2. work done by expanding gas. Heat definition. engine cycles.3 Thermodynamics (a) Temperature: thermometers and temperature scales: Celsius. Volumetric expansion. sinusoidal wave motion.SECTION 1 SAR-66 MODULE 2. First and second law of thermodynamics. 1 B1 1 B2 1 3. ions. chemical action. DC Circuits Ohms Law.3 1 2 2 3. Internal resistance and its effect on a battery. Coulomb's Law. Operation of Wheatstone Bridge. Calculation of total resistance using series. magnetism and motion. Operation of photo-cells. DC Sources of Electricity Construction and basic chemical action of: primary cells. Kirchoff's Voltage and Current Laws. values and tolerances. nickel cadmium cells. wattage ratings. conductance. gases and a vacuum.2 1 2 2 3. Operation and use of potentiometers and rheostats.4 1 1 1 3. preferred values. Specific resistance. compounds. secondary cells. Resistor colour code. Calculations using the above laws to find resistance. electromotive force. liquids. pressure. conventional current flow.5 1 2 2 3. Generation of Electricity Production of electricity by the following methods: light. Significance of the internal resistance of a supply. heat. resistance. their units and factors affecting them: potential difference. electron flow. current. materials and operation of thermocouples. Static Electricity and Conduction Static electricity and distribution of electrostatic charges. Units of charge. Electrical Terminology The following terms. ELECTRICAL FUNDAMENTALS Level A 3.6 - 2 2 3. semiconductors and insulators. Electrostatic laws of attraction and repulsion. friction.7 - 2 2 Issue 2 1-13 15 August 2006 .1 Electron Theory Structure and distribution of electrical charges within: atoms. Cells connected in series and parallel. lead acid cells. Resistance / Resistor (a) Resistance and affecting factors. Construction. voltage and current. Resistors in series and parallel.SAR-66 SECTION 1 MODULE 3. parallel and series parallel combinations. voltage. Molecular structure of conductors. molecules. other alkaline cells. charge. Conduction of electricity in solids. retentivity. thermistors. voltage rating. Dissipation of power by a resistor. Electromagnets construction and principles of operation. Variable resistors. Hand clasp rules to determine: magnetic field around current carrying conductor. voltage dependent resistors. Construction of Wheatstone Bridge. field strength. Precautions for care and storage of magnets. methods of construction. Factors affecting capacitance area of plates. Capacitance / Capacitor Operation and function of a capacitor. work and energy.8 3. eddy currents. dielectric and dielectric constant.7 (cont) (b) Positive and negative temperature coefficient conductance. Various types of magnetic material. Fixed resistors. Construction of potentiometers and rheostats. Magnetisation and demagnetisation. time constants. magnetic flux density.SECTION 1 SAR-66 MODULE 3. construction and function. working voltage. stability. (b) Magnetomotive force. permeability. Capacitor types.10 - 2 2 - 2 2 15 August 2006 1-14 Issue 2 . coercive force reluctance. Power formula. Action of a magnet suspended in the Earth's magnetic field.9 - 2 2 3. Exponential charge and discharge of a capacitor. work and energy (kinetic and potential). ELECTRICAL FUNDAMENTALS (Continued) Level A 3. Power Power. Capacitor colour coding. Testing of capacitors. Calculations of capacitance and voltage in series and parallel circuits. Calculations involving power. tolerance and limitations. distance between plates. Properties of a magnet. hysteresis loop. number of plates. Magnetism (a) Theory of magnetism. Magnetic shielding. 2 2 B1 1 B2 1 3. saturation point. speed and direction of rotation of C motors.12 - 2 2 3.13 1 2 2 3. Capacitive (C) and Inductive (L) Circuits Phase relationship of voltage and current in L. power factor and current calculations. Starter Generator construction. True power. period. peak. and factors affecting output and direction of current flow in DC generators. physical size of coil. frequency. Instantaneous. Saturation point. Action of inducing a voltage in a conductor moving in a magnetic field. Operation of. torque. Back emf. peak to peak current values and calculations of these values. Mutual induction. ELECTRICAL FUNDAMENTALS (Continued) Level A 3. Construction and purpose of components in DC generator. position of coils with respect to each other. Resistive (R).SAR-66 SECTION 1 MODULE 3. current and power. average. DC Motor / Generator Theory Basic motor and generator theory. Principal uses of inductors. phase angle. root mean square. number of conductor turns. Lenz's Law and polarity determining rules. shunt wound and compound motors. Triangular/Square waves. cycle. C and R circuits. Induction principles. Series wound. Single / 3 phase principles. AC Theory Sinusoidal waveform: phase. Power dissipation in L. series and series parallel.14 - 2 2 Issue 2 1-15 15 August 2006 . Factors affecting mutual inductance: number of turns in coil.11 Inductance / Inductor Faraday's Law. The effect the rate of change of primary current and mutual inductance has on induced voltage. Effects of the following on the magnitude of an induced voltage: magnetic field strength. C and R circuits. parallel. Operation of. self induction. in relation to voltage. B1 2 B2 2 3. rate of change of flux. Impedance. apparent power and reactive power calculations. and factors affecting output power. permeability of coil. band stop. voltage.15 Transformers Transformer construction principles and operation. Auto transformers. power. band pass. Permanent Magnet Generators.SECTION 1 SAR-66 MODULE 3. Methods of producing a rotating field: capacitor. two phase and three phase alternators. principles of operation and characteristics of: AC synchronous and induction motors both single and polyphase. AC Generators Rotation of loop in a magnetic field and waveform produced. AC Motors Construction. Methods of speed control and direction of rotation. Three phase star and delta connections advantages and uses. ELECTRICAL FUNDAMENTALS (Continued) Level A 3. shaded or split pole. polarity markings. Transformer action under load and no-load conditions. Transformer losses and methods for overcoming them. efficiency. Single phase. turns ratio. high pass.17 - 2 2 3. Calculation of power in a three phase system. Calculation of line and phase voltages and currents. B1 2 B2 2 3. Primary and Secondary current. Operation and construction of revolving armature and revolving field type AC generators. Filters Operation. efficiency. application and uses of the following filters: low pass. inductor.16 - 1 1 3. Power transfer.18 - 2 2 15 August 2006 1-16 Issue 2 . SAR-66 SECTION 1 MODULE 4. Diodes in series and parallel. Shottky diode. forward biased and reverse biased conditions. Simple circuits including: bias. full and half wave rectifiers.2 - 1 - Issue 2 1-17 15 August 2006 . (b) Materials. push-pull.1. Diode parameters: peak inverse voltage.1 Semiconductors Diodes (a) Diode symbols. bridge rectifiers. Functional testing of diodes. light emitting diode. varistor. Base. leakage current.1.1. P and N type materials: effects of impurities on conduction. oscillators. maximum forward current. temperature. Diode characteristics and properties. flip-flop circuits. Transistor characteristics and properties. (b) Construction and operation of PNP and NPN transistors. electron configuration. Component description and orientation. development of a potential across a PN junction in unbiased. multivibrators. Testing of transistors. Application of transistors: classes of amplifier (A. clampers. rectifier diodes. C). Main characteristics and use of silicon controlled rectifiers (thyristors). power dissipation.1 4. varactor diode. 2 1 2 B1 B2 - 2 2 - - 2 4. varistor. photo conductive diode. Zener diode.3 Integrated Circuits (a) Description and operation of logic circuits and linear circuits/operational amplifiers. Operation and function of diodes in the following circuits: clippers. PN junction in a semiconductor. decoupling. Multistage circuit principles: cascades. 4. frequency. Transistors (a) Transistor symbols. collector and emitter configurations. feedback and stabilisation. rectifier diodes. electrical properties. Basic appreciation of other transistor types and their uses. majority and minority characters. light emitting diode. B. voltage doublers and triplers. ELECTRONIC FUNDAMENTALS Level A 4. photo conductive diode. Detailed operation and characteristics of the following devices: silicon controlled rectifier (thyristor). damping. 4. control and torque. control and torque. synchronous transmitters. Advantages and disadvantages of positive and negative feedback.3 - 1 - - - 2 15 August 2006 1-18 Issue 2 . servomechanism. direct. analogue transducers. Operation and amplifier stages connecting methods: resistive capacitive. E and I transformers. hunting. inductive resistive (IR). 1 2 B1 B2 2 4. ELECTRONIC FUNDAMENTALS (Continued) Level A 4. Servomechanism defects. differential. Principles of operation and use of the following synchro system components/features: resolvers. transformers. follow up. (b) Understanding of the following terms: Open and closed loop.3 (b) Description and operation of logic circuits and linear circuits.SECTION 1 SAR-66 MODULE 4. Servomechanisms (a) Understanding of the following terms: Open and closed loop systems. voltage follower. inductance transmitters. inductance and capacitance transmitters. Construction operation and use of the following synchro system components: resolvers. reversal of synchro leads. analogue. capacitance transmitters. Introduction to operation and function of an operational amplifier used as: integrator. differential. null. transducer. feedback. deadband. differentiator. inductive (transformer). comparator.1. follow up. feedback.2 Printed Circuit Board Description and use of printed circuit boards. (b) Interpretation of logic diagrams.2 B1. octal and hexadecimal. schematic diagrams.3 2 B1. Demonstration of conversions between the decimal and binary. inputs and outputs. PROM). CPU. and various memory devices such as RAM. DIGITAL TECHNIQUES / ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS Level A 5. 5. advantages and disadvantages of the various data storage systems.2 - 1 - 2 5. Operation and application of analogue to digital. software.4 - 2 - 2 5. 1 B1.5 - 2 - 2 - - - 2 1 2 - - - - - 2 Issue 2 1-19 15 August 2006 . Data Buses Operation of data buses in aircraft systems. (b) Computer related terminology. Operation of typical memory devices. limitations of various types. IC. Memory associated terms.1 Electronic Instrument Systems Typical systems arrangements and cockpit layout of electronic instrument systems.3 - 1 - 2 5. tables and equivalent circuits. Data Conversion Analogue Data. Computer technology (as applied in aircraft systems). Digital Data. Operation.4 2 B2 3 5. octal and hexadecimal systems and vice versa. hardware. Applications used for aircraft systems. Information contained in single and multiaddress instruction words. ROM. byte. and digital to analogue converters.SAR-66 SECTION 1 MODULE 5.6 Basic Computer Structure (a) Computer terminology (including bit. Numbering Systems Numbering systems: binary. Operation. including knowledge of ARINC and other specifications. Logic Circuits (a) Identification of common logic gate symbols. layout and interface of the major components in a micro computer including their associated bus systems.1 B 1. 10 - 1 1 2 5.SECTION 1 SAR-66 MODULE 5. including Cathode Ray Tubes. Fibre Optics Advantages and disadvantages of fibre optic data transmission over electrical wire propagation. Terminations. clock. Electrostatic Sensitive Devices Special handling of components sensitive to electrostatic discharges. Awareness of risks and possible damage. Basic operation of each of the following microprocessor elements: control and processing unit.7 Microprocessors Functions performed and overall operation of a microprocessor. Couplers. component and personnel anti-static protection devices.11 - 2 - 2 5. application and identification in logic diagrams of multiplexers and demultiplexers. control terminals. Multiplexing Operation. large and very large scale integration. Fibre optic related terms. arithmetic logic unit. Electronic Displays Principles of operation of common types of displays used in modern aircraft. remote terminals.2 B1. Uses of medium.9 - - - 2 5. airworthiness requirements and possible catastrophic effects of unapproved changes to software programmes. register.12 1 2 2 2 5. DIGITAL TECHNIQUES / ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS (Continued) Level A 5. Fibre optic data bus.14 - 2 2 2 15 August 2006 1-20 Issue 2 . Software Management Control Awareness of restrictions. Electromagnetic Environment Influence of the following phenomena on maintenance practices for electronic system: EMC – Electromagnetic Compatibility EMI – Electromagnetic Interference HIRF – High Intensity Radiated Field Lightning / lightning protection B1. Light Emitting Diodes and Liquid Crystal Display. Integrated Circuits Operation and use of encoders and decoders.3 B1.4 B2 2 5. Application of fibre optics in aircraft systems.1 B 1.8 - - - 2 5.13 - 2 1 2 5. Function of encoder types. 4 2 B2 2 - Issue 2 1-21 15 August 2006 .2 B1.1 B 1.3 2 B1.SAR-66 SECTION 1 MODULE 5.15 Typical Electronic / Digital Aircraft Systems General arrangement of typical electronic/digital aircraft systems and associated BITE (Built In Test Equipment) testing such as: ACARS – ARINC Communication and Addressing and Reporting System ECAM – Electronic Centralised Aircraft Monitoring EFIS – Electronic Flight Instrument System EICAS – Engine Indication and Crew Alerting System FBW – Fly by Wire FMS – Flight Management System GPS – Global Positioning System IRS – Inertial Reference System TCAS – Traffic Alert Collision Avoidance System Note: Different manufacturers may use different terminology for similar systems. B1. DIGITAL TECHNIQUES / ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS (Continued) Level A 5. Causes of corrosion. tensile strength. properties and identification of common non-ferrous materials used in aircraft.3 6.1 Aircraft Materials – Composite and Non-Metallic Composite and non-metallic other than wood and fabric (a) Characteristics. fatigue strength and impact resistance. 6. 1 B1 2 B2 1 - 1 1 1 2 1 - 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 - 6.4 - - - 1 1 1 2 3 2 15 August 2006 1-22 Issue 2 . Heat treatment and application of alloys steels. microbiological. 6. Heat treatment and application of non-ferrous materials. 6. tensile strength.2 Aircraft Materials – Non-Ferrous (a) Characteristics. (b) Testing of non-ferrous material for hardness. used in aircraft.2 Wooden structures Reserved Fabric covering Reserved Corrosion (a) Chemical fundamentals. (b) Types of corrosion and their identification. MATERIALS AND HARDWARE Level A 6.3 6. properties and identification of common alloy steels used in aircraft. (b) Testing of ferrous materials for hardness. galvanic action process. fatigue strength and impact resistance. Repair of composite and non-metallic material. Material types.3.3.3. Formation by.SECTION 1 SAR-66 MODULE 6. other than wood. properties and identification of common composite and non-metallic materials. stress. susceptibility to corrosion. Sealant and bonding agents.1 Aircraft Materials – Ferrous (a) Characteristics. (b) The detection of defects/deterioration in composite and non-metallic material. Bearings Purpose of bearings. materials.3 2 2 2 6. Studs: types and uses.5 6. quick release fasteners. split pins. and types of rigid and flexible pipes and their connectors used in aircraft.8 1 2 2 6. 2 2 2 B1 B2 6. Springs Types of springs.4 1 2 1 6. Nuts: self locking. pal-nuts.SAR-66 SECTION 1 MODULE 6. Transmissions Gear types and their application. reduction and multiplication gear systems.5. (b) Standard unions for aircraft hydraulic.9 1 2 2 Issue 2 1-23 15 August 2006 .1 Fasteners Screw Threads Screw nomenclature. mesh patterns. material. MATERIALS AND HARDWARE (Continued) Level A 6. dowels. Belts and pulleys.6 2 2 2 2 2 1 6. construction. Gear ratios. Thread forms. circlips. dimensions and tolerances for standard threads used in aircraft.7 - 2 1 6. Pipes and Unions (a) Identification of.2 2 2 2 6.5. cotter pins. idler gears. Types of bearings and their application. fuel. pneumatic and air system pipes.5. identification and marking of aircraft bolts. standard types. keys.5. chains and sprockets. Aircraft Rivets Types of solid and blind rivets: specifications and identification. studs and screws Bolt types: specification. international standards. oil. Machine screws: aircraft specifications. insertion and removal. heat treatment. loads. wire locking. driven and driving gears. Locking Devices Tab and spring washers. characteristics and applications. anchor. locking plates. Measuring screw threads. Bolts. Self tapping screws. current and voltage rating. coupling. insulators. sockets.SECTION 1 SAR-66 MODULE 6.10 Control Cables Types of cables. plugs. Aircraft flexible control systems. Pulleys and cable system components. Electrical Cables and Connectors Cable types. Crimping. turnbuckles and compensation devices.11 1 2 2 15 August 2006 1-24 Issue 2 . 1 B1 2 B2 1 6. identification codes. MATERIALS AND HARDWARE (Continued) Level A 6. construction and characteristics. End fittings. Connector types. pins. Bowden cables. High tension and co-axial cables. cable clamps. use of workshop materials. Lubrication equipment and methods. Specification 100 of the Air Transport Association (ATA) of America. insulation and bonding techniques and testing. NAS and MIL. Microfilm. Identifying title block information. Limits for bow. twist and wear. Testing of crimp joints. control of tools. bearings and other parts.2 3 3 3 7.3 3 3 3 7. MS. standards of workmanship. classes of fits. Wiring diagrams and schematic diagrams. gases especially oxygen.5 1 2 2 7. Connector pin removal and insertion. Wiring protection techniques : Cable looming and loom support. tolerances and projections. instruction in the remedial action to be taken in the event of a fire or another accident with one or more of these hazards. Calibration of tools and equipment. dimensions. protective sleeving techniques including heat shrink wrapping. Electrical Cables and Connectors Continuity. calibration standards.6 1 2 1 7. oils and chemicals. Standard methods for checking shafts. Tools Common hand tool types. function and use of electrical general test equipment. AN. Also.7 1 2 2 Issue 2 1-25 15 August 2006 . Dimensions. Operation and use of precision measuring tools.4 - 2 3 7. Schedule of fits and clearances for aircraft and engines. 3 B1 3 B2 3 7. Avionic General Test Equipment Operation. Engineering Drawings. Common system of fits and clearances.1 Safety Precautions – Aircraft and Workshop Aspects of safe working practices including precautions to take when working with electricity. Workshop Practices Care of tools.SAR-66 SECTION 1 MODULE 7. their symbols. Aeronautical and other applicable standards including ISO. MAINTENANCE PRACTICES Level A 7. Common power tool types. shielding. Co-axial cables: testing and installation precautions. Operation. allowances and tolerances. Use of crimp tools: hand and hydraulic operated. Fits and Clearances Drill sizes for bolt holes. microfiche and computerised presentations. Diagrams and Standards Drawing types and diagrams. function and use of avionic general test equipment. 10 1 2 - 7. Environmental conditions. Transmissions Inspection of gears. Inspection and testing of control cables. lever devices. Inspection of screw jacks.11 1 2 - 7. cleaning and inspection of bearings. Defects in bearings and their causes.14 7. backlash. aircraft flexible control systems. Installation and clamping of pipes. rivet spacing and pitch. MAINTENANCE PRACTICES (Continued) Level A 7. Inspection of riveted joints. Material Handling Sheet Metal Work Marking out and calculation of bend allowance. Inspection of sheet metal work. Lubrication requirements of bearings. including bending and forming. inspection of soldered joints.8 Riveting Riveted joints. Composite and non-metallic Bonding practices. Bearings Testing.12 1 2 - 7. Inspection of belts and pulleys. Control Cables Swaging of end fittings. Bowden cables.2 - 2 - 7. Brazing. push-pull rod systems.14.14. Springs Inspection and testing of springs. Inspection methods. Pipes and Hoses Bending and belling/flaring aircraft pipes. Sheet metal working. Soldering and Bonding (a) Soldering methods.13 1 2 - 7. Tools used for riveting and dimpling.SECTION 1 SAR-66 MODULE 7. 2 1 B1 2 B2 - 7. Welding.15 - 2 2 15 August 2006 1-26 Issue 2 .9 1 2 - 7. Inspection and testing of aircraft pipes and hoses. chains and sprockets.1 7. assessment and reprotection. Corrosion removal. Certification/release procedures. fatigue and corrosion control programmes.19 2 2 2 2 2 - 7. Disassembly. radiographic. (b) General repair methods. securing and associated safety precautions. chocking. Stores procedures. ultrasonic and boroscope methods. Aircraft storage methods. Control of life limited components. 7. (b) Inspections following abnormal events such as heavy landings and flight through turbulence. penetrant. (c) Non destructive inspection techniques including. Inspection of welded and brazed joints. Structural Repair Manual. Interface with aircraft operation. (d) Disassembly and re-assembly techniques. Electrical. B1 2 B2 - - 2 2 - 2 - 7. Refuelling / defuelling procedures. Maintenance Procedures Maintenance planning. Aircraft jacking. Aircraft Handling and Storage Aircraft towing and associated safety precautions.SAR-66 SECTION 1 MODULE 7. Repair and Assembly Techniques (a) Types of defects and visual inspection techniques. Ageing. Aircraft weighing. De-icing/anti-icing procedures. eddy current.15 (b) Welding and brazing methods.20 1 2 2 Issue 2 1-27 15 August 2006 . Effects of environmental conditions on aircraft handling and operation. hydraulic and pneumatic ground supplies.18 2 2 - 3 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 7. (b) Preparation of aircraft for weighing. Bonding methods and inspection of bonded joints. (e) Troubleshooting techniques. Modification procedures. Maintenance Inspection/Quality Control/Quality Assurance. MAINTENANCE PRACTICES (Continued) Level A 7. Additional maintenance procedures.17 2 2 2 7.16 Aircraft Weight and Balance (a) Centre of Gravity / Balance limits calculation: use of relevant documents. Inspection. Abnormal Events (a) Inspections following lightning strikes and HIRF penetration. Drag coefficient. Theory of Flight Relationship between lift. angle of attack. Aerofoil contamination including ice. snow. Boundary layer. Steady state flights. 1 B1 2 B2 2 8. Lift augmentation. Weight. upwash and downwash.4 1 2 2 15 August 2006 1-28 Issue 2 . lateral and directional stability (active and passive). free stream flow. fineness ratio. application to aerodynamics. vortices. Flight Stability and Dynamics Longitudinal. Aerodynamic Resultant. Generation of Lift and Drag: Angle of Attack. frost. flight envelope and structural limitations. stagnation. performance. wing shape and aspect ratio. mean aerodynamic chord.3 1 2 2 8. stall. induced drag.SECTION 1 SAR-66 MODULE 8. thrust and drag. profile (parasite) drag. Influence of load factor: stall. relative airflow.1 Physics of the Atmosphere International Standard Atmosphere (ISA). wash in and wash out. Theory of the turn. BASIC AERODYNAMICS Level A 8. Lift coefficient. The terms: camber. Thrust. Glide ratio.2 1 2 2 8. polar curve. centre of pressure. chord. Aerodynamics Airflow around a body. weight. laminar and turbulent flow. Illumination. ‘Murphy’s’ law. Climate and temperature. Claustrophobia and physical access. Human Performance and Limitations Vision. Working environment.SAR-66 SECTION 1 MODULE 9. Stress: domestic and work related. Alcohol. HUMAN FACTORS Level A 9. Factors Affecting Performance Fitness / health. Motivation and de-motivation. Physical Environment Noise and fumes. Motion and vibration. Workload: overload and underload. supervision and leadership. Memory. 1 B1 2 B2 2 9.4 2 2 2 9. ‘Culture’ issues. Hearing.1 General The need to take human factors into account. Tasks Physical work. Time pressure and deadlines. Complex systems. Visual inspection. Management. Sleep and fatigue. medication. Incidents attributable to human factors / human error.3 1 1 1 9. Team working. Repetitive tasks.6 1 1 1 Issue 2 1-29 15 August 2006 .2 1 2 2 9. shiftwork. drug abuse. Information processing. Attention and perception.5 1 1 1 9. Peer pressure. Social Psychology Responsibility: individual and group. Implications of errors (i.7 Communication Within and between teams. currency. Types of error in maintenance tasks.9 1 2 2 15 August 2006 1-30 Issue 2 .e accidents). Dealing with emergencies.8 1 2 2 9. Work logging and recording.SECTION 1 SAR-66 MODULE 9. Dissemination of information. HUMAN FACTORS (Continued) Level A 9. Hazards in the Workplace Recognising and avoiding hazards. Avoiding and managing errors. 2 B1 2 B2 2 9. Human Error Error models and theories. Keeping up to date. 4 2 2 2 10.7 1 2 1 2 1 2 Issue 2 1-31 15 August 2006 .3 1 1 1 10.5 2 2 2 10.6 1 1 1 10. AVIATION LEGISLATION Level A 10.SAR-66 SECTION 1 MODULE 10.1 Regulatory Framework Role of International Civil Aviation Organisation Role and responsibilities contracting states Air Navigation Order Singapore Airworthiness Requirements Air Operator Certificate Requirements Airworthiness Notices Advisory Circulars Notices of Amendment and Information Circulars SAR-21 Certification of Products and Design and Production Organisations Familiarisation and understanding of SAR-21 SAR-39 Airworthiness Directive Familiarisation and understanding of SAR-39 SAR-66 Certifying Staff – Maintenance Detailed understanding of SAR-66 SAR-145 Approved Maintenance Organisation Detailed understanding of SAR-145 SAR-147 Approval of Maintenance Training Organisation Familiarisation and understanding of SAR-147 Air Operator Certificate Requirements (a) General understanding of the AOCR (b) Aircraft Maintenance Maintenance Responsibility Maintenance Management Aircraft Maintenance Programme (including CMR) Aircraft Technical Log Maintenance Records and Log Books Accident / Occurrence Reporting 1 B1 1 B2 1 10.2 1 1 1 10. 8 Others Airworthiness Notices Airworthiness Circulars Minimum Equipment List / Master Minimum Equipment List Dispatch Deviation List Airworthiness Notices Services Bulletins / Manufacturer Service Information Modifications and Repairs Continuing Airworthiness Test Flights ETOPS – Maintenance and dispatch requirements Any new aircraft maintenance related requirements published by CAAS 2 B1 2 B2 2 15 August 2006 1-32 Issue 2 . AVIATION LEGISLATION (Continued) Level A 10.SECTION 1 SAR-66 MODULE 10. reinforcement. subsonic flight. compressibility buffet. methods of skinning. critical Mach number.1 B2 11. flaps. High lift devices. Structure assembly techniques: riveting. (b) Construction methods of: stressed skin fuselage. wing. Effects of wing fences. Stress. balance and antibalance (leading) tabs. lift dumpers. anodising.SAR-66 SECTION 1 MODULE 11A.2 1 2 - 11. secondary and tertiary. – pitch control: elevators. formers. Airframe Structures – General Concepts (a) Airworthiness requirements for structural strength. speed brakes. slots. supersonic flight.1 11. Structural classification. flaperons. Effects of sweepback on critical Mach number. Surface cleaning. fatigue.2 2 2 - 1 2 - Issue 2 1-33 15 August 2006 . bulkheads. longerons. rudder limiters. Control using elevons. variable incidence stabilisers and canards. aerodynamic heating. servo tabs. bolting. strain. primary. shear. Zonal and station identification systems. Fail safe. spring tabs.1. frames. mass balance. stabilators. such as chromating. Operation and effect of trim tabs. painting. Lightning strike protection provision. Airframe symmetry: methods of alignment and symmetry checks. saw tooth leading edges. doublers. stringers. Aircraft bonding. control surface bias. STRUCTURES AND SYSTEMS Level A1 11. High Speed Flight Speed of sound.1 Theory of Flight Aeroplane Aerodynamics and Flight Controls Operation and effect of: – roll control: ailerons and spoilers. area rule. spoilers. 1 2 B1. slats. shock wave. stall wedges or leading edge devices. Mach number. System installation provisions. safe life. bonding. floor structures. compression. hoop stress. beams. struts. transonic flight. damage tolerance concepts. bending. Drag inducing devices. ruddervators. ties. – yaw control. TURBINE AEROPLANE AERODYNAMICS. empennage and engine attachments. Boundary layer control using. aerodynamic balance panels. Methods of surface protection. vortex generators. torsion. tension. Drains and ventilation provisions. Factors affecting airflow in engine intakes of high speed aircraft.1. anti-corrosive protection. Landing gear. pylon.3 1 3 - 11. Balancing – mass and aerodynamic. APU and ground cart.3. TURBINE AEROPLANE AERODYNAMICS. Firewalls. Wings (ATA 57) Construction. Seat installation and cargo loading system. 1 2 1 2 B1. Air cycle and vapour cycle machines. temperature and humidity control system.4.3. control surface and high lift/drag attachments. Flow. Fuel storage. mechanisms. Wing. Cabin pressure controllers.4.3.5 1 2 - 11. Safety and Warning Devices Protection and warning devices.4 1 2 - 11. operation and safety devices.1 B2 11. Stabilisers (ATA 55) Construction. STRUCTURES AND SYSTEMS (Continued) Level A1 11. Air Conditioning and Cabin Pressurisation (ATA 21) Air Supply Sources of air supply including engine bleed.3 1 2 - 11. Nacelles / Pylons (ATA 54) Construction. Air Conditioning Air conditioning systems. Engine mounts.3. Windows and windscreen construction and mechanisms. pylon and undercarriage attachments.4 1 3 - 15 August 2006 1-34 Issue 2 . Doors and emergency exits: construction. Pressurisation Pressurisation systems. Control surface attachment. stabiliser.3 11. Distribution systems. Control and indication including control and safety valves.SECTION 1 SAR-66 MODULE 11A.1 Airframe Structures – Aeroplanes Fuselage (ATA 52 / 53 / 56) Construction and pressurisation sealing.4.2 1 3 - 11.4. Flight Control Surfaces (ATA 55 / 57) Construction and attachment.4 11.3.1 11.2 1 2 - 11. Equipment lay-out.6 1 3 - 11. Fire Protection (ATA 26) (a) Fire and smoke detection and warning systems. attitude director. Circuit protection.1 Instrument / Avionic Systems Instrument Systems (ATA 31) Pitot static: altimeter. Compasses: direct reading. TURBINE AEROPLANE AERODYNAMICS. rectifiers. External/Ground power. STRUCTURES AND SYSTEMS (Continued) Level A1 11. 1 2 B1. DC power generation.8 1 3 - Issue 2 1-35 15 August 2006 . (b) Cabin lay-out. Galley installation. Power distribution.SAR-66 SECTION 1 MODULE 11A. turn coordinator. Other aircraft system indication. Electrical Power (ATA 24) Batteries Installation and Operation. Cargo handling and retention equipment. Avionic Systems Fundamentals of system lay-outs and operation of: – Auto Flight (ATA 22). Seats.2 1 1 - 11. Airstairs. Angle of attack indication. vertical speed indicator. – Communications (ATA 23).5.7 2 2 - 1 1 - 11.1 B2 11. Inverters. stall warning systems. remote reading. Cabin entertainment equipment. – Navigation Systems (ATA 34). direction indicator.5. System tests. Emergency power generation. Fire extinguishing systems. Gyroscopic: artificial horizon. Equipment and Furnishings (ATA 25) (a) Emergency equipment requirements. transformers. Cabin Furnishing Installation. AC power generation. horizontal situation indicator. turn and slip indicator. air speed indicator. harnesses and belts.5 11. Voltage regulation. De-icing systems: electrical. hot air and chemical. rudder. Refuelling and defuelling. electrical. Stall protection system. Artificial feel. Probe and drain heating. rudder limiter. 11. gust locks. Wiper systems. pneumatic.SECTION 1 SAR-66 MODULE 11A. Yaw damper. Supply systems.1 1 B2 - 11.8 (b) Portable fire extinguisher. Power distribution. Hydraulic Power (ATA 29) System lay-out.12 1 3 - 15 August 2006 1-36 Issue 2 . Emergency pressure generation. hydraulic. High lift devices. Interface with other systems. Hydraulic fluids. Rain repellant and removal. Ice and Rain Protection (ATA 30) Ice formation. Lift dump. pneumatic. 1 3 1 B1. spoiler. Hydraulic reservoirs and accumulators. Cross-feed and transfer. Longitudinal balance fuel systems. TURBINE AEROPLANE AERODYNAMICS. venting and draining. Active load control. Anti-icing systems: electrical. Balancing and rigging. mechanical. Dumping. Mach trim. speed brakes. System operation: manual. elevator.11 1 3 - 11. Fuel tanks. pneumatic and chemical. Indications and warnings. Fuel Systems (ATA 28) System lay-out.9 Flight Controls (ATA 27) Primary controls: aileron. Pressure generation: electric. fly-bywire. Indication and warning systems. Pressure Control. classification and detection.10 1 3 - 11. Trim control. STRUCTURES AND SYSTEMS (Continued) Level A1 11. ice. shock absorbing.18 1 2 - Issue 2 1-37 15 August 2006 .15 1 3 - 11. cabin.17 2 3 - 11. Sources. charging and distribution. Sources: engine / APU. Electronic library system. Wheels. distribution. Indications and warnings. Toilet system lay-out. On Board Maintenance Systems (ATA 45) Central maintenance computers. cargo. Supply regulation. Internal: cabin. Data loading system.13 Landing Gear (ATA 32) Construction. Structure monitoring (damage tolerance monitoring). reservoirs. ground supply. flushing and servicing. STRUCTURES AND SYSTEMS (Continued) Level A1 11. storage. Pneumatic/Vacuum (ATA 36) System lay-out. Steering. supply. Indications and warnings. cockpit. brakes. antiskid and autobraking. Lights (ATA 33) External: navigation. Extension and retraction systems: normal and emergency. Corrosion aspects. taxiing. Indications and warning. Emergency. Water/Waste (ATA 38) Water system lay-out. Distribution.14 2 3 - 11. Oxygen (ATA 35) System lay-out: cockpit. Tyres. Pressure control.1 3 B2 - 11. 2 B1. TURBINE AEROPLANE AERODYNAMICS. Printing. landing. servicing and draining. anti-collision. compressors. Interfaces with other systems.SAR-66 SECTION 1 MODULE 11A.16 1 3 - 11. SECTION 1 SAR-66 MODULE 11B. PISTON AEROPLANE AERODYNAMICS, STRUCTURES AND SYSTEMS Note: The scope of this module should reflect the technology of aeroplanes pertinent to the A2 and B1.2 subcategory Level A2 11.1 11.1.1 Theory of Flight Aeroplane Aerodynamics and Flight Controls Operation and effect of: – roll control: ailerons and spoilers; – pitch control: elevators, stabilators, variable incidence stabilisers and canards; – yaw control, rudder limiters; Control using elevons, ruddervators; High lift devices, slots, slats, flaps, flaperons; Drag inducing devices, spoilers, lift dumpers, speed brakes; Effects of wing fences, saw tooth leading edges; Boundary layer control using, vortex generators, stall wedges or leading edge devices; Operation and effect of trim tabs, balance and antibalance (leading) tabs, servo tabs, spring tabs, mass balance, control surface bias, aerodynamic balance panels; High Speed Flight – N/A Airframe Structures – General Concepts (a) Airworthiness requirements for structural strength; Structural classification, primary, secondary and tertiary; Fail safe, safe life, damage tolerance concepts; Zonal and station identification systems; Stress, strain, bending, compression, shear, torsion, tension, hoop stress, fatigue; Drains and ventilation provisions; System installation provisions; Lightning strike protection provision; Aircraft bonding. (b) Construction methods of: stressed skin fuselage, formers, stringers, longerons, bulkheads, frames, doublers, struts, ties, beams, floor structures, reinforcement, methods of skinning, anti-corrosive protection, wing, empennage and engine attachments; Structure assembly techniques: riveting, bolting, bonding; Methods of surface protection, such as chromating, anodising, painting; Surface cleaning; Airframe symmetry: methods of alignment and symmetry checks. 1 2 B1.2 B2 11.1.2 11.2 - - - 2 2 - 1 2 - 15 August 2006 1-38 Issue 2 SAR-66 SECTION 1 MODULE 11B. PISTON AEROPLANE AERODYNAMICS, STRUCTURES AND SYSTEMS (Continued) Level A2 11.3 11.3.1 Airframe Structures – Aeroplanes Fuselage (ATA 52 / 53 / 56) Construction and pressurisation sealing; Wing, stabiliser, pylon and undercarriage attachments; Seat installation; Doors and emergency exits: construction, mechanisms, operation and safety devices; Windows and windscreen construction and mechanisms. Wings (ATA 57) Construction; Fuel storage; Landing gear, pylon, control surface and high lift/drag attachments. Stabilisers (ATA 55) Construction; Control surface attachment. Flight Control Surfaces (ATA 55 / 57) Construction and attachment; Balancing – mass and aerodynamic. Nacelles / Pylons (ATA 54) Construction; Firewalls; Engine mounts. Air Conditioning and Cabin Pressurisation (ATA 21) Pressurisation and air conditioning systems; Cabin pressure controllers, protection and warning devices. Instrument / Avionic Systems Instrument Systems (ATA 31) Pitot static: altimeter, air speed indicator, vertical speed indicator; Gyroscopic: artificial horizon, attitude director, direction indicator, horizontal situation indicator, turn and slip indicator, turn coordinator; Compasses: direct reading, remote reading; Angle of attack indication, stall warning systems; Other aircraft system indication. Avionic Systems Fundamentals of system lay-outs and operation of: Auto Flight (ATA 22); Communications (ATA 23); Navigation Systems (ATA 34). 1 B1.2 2 B2 - 11.3.2 1 2 - 11.3.3 1 2 - 11.3.4 1 2 - 11.3.5 1 2 - 11.4 1 3 - 11.5 11.5.1 1 2 - 11.5.2 1 1 - Issue 2 1-39 15 August 2006 SECTION 1 SAR-66 MODULE 11B. PISTON AEROPLANE AERODYNAMICS, STRUCTURES AND SYSTEMS (Continued) Level A2 11.6 Electrical Power (ATA 24) Batteries Installation and Operation; DC power generation; Voltage regulation; Power distribution; Circuit protection; Inverters, transformers; Equipment and Furnishings (ATA 25) (a) Emergency equipment requirements; Seats, harnesses and belts. (b) Cabin lay-out; Equipment lay-out; Cabin Furnishing Installation; Cabin entertainment equipment; Galley installation; Cargo handling and retention equipment; Airstairs. Fire Protection (ATA 26) (a) Fire and smoke detection and warning systems; Fire extinguishing systems; System tests. (b) Portable fire extinguisher Flight Controls (ATA 27) Primary controls: aileron, elevator, rudder, . Trim tabs; High lift devices; System operation: manual, Gust locks; Balancing and rigging; Stall warning system. Fuel Systems (ATA 28) System lay-out; Fuel tanks; Supply systems; Cross-feed and transfer; Indications and warnings; Refuelling and defuelling. 1 B1.2 3 B2 - 11.7 2 2 - 1 1 - 11.8 1 3 - 1 3 - 11.9 1 3 - 11.10 1 3 - 15 August 2006 1-40 Issue 2 antiskid and autobraking. ground supply. cabin. Lights (ATA 33) External: navigation. Corrosion aspects. Distribution. Hydraulic reservoirs and accumulators. landing. cockpit. reservoirs. Indications and warning. Pressure Control. Wiper systems. Internal: cabin. storage. Landing Gear (ATA 32) Construction.SAR-66 SECTION 1 MODULE 11B. Sources. Pneumatic/Vacuum (ATA 36) System lay-out. anti-collision. Water/Waste (ATA 38) Water system lay-out. Power distribution. distribution. Oxygen (ATA 35) System lay-out: cockpit. Interfaces with other systems.14 2 2 - 11. Emergency. PISTON AEROPLANE AERODYNAMICS. taxiing. compressors. servicing and draining. Tyres. Probe and drain heating. De-icing systems: electrical. mechanical.2 3 B2 - 11. STRUCTURES AND SYSTEMS (Continued) Level A2 11. brakes. Indication and warning systems. Ice and Rain Protection (ATA 30) Ice formation. charging and distribution.13 2 3 - 11. Hydraulic fluids. classification and detection. Toilet system lay-out.15 1 3 - 11. Pressure generation: electric. 1 B1. Pressure control. supply.11 Hydraulic Power (ATA 29) System lay-out.12 1 3 - 11.17 2 3 - Issue 2 1-41 15 August 2006 . cargo.16 1 3 - 11. Steering. Sources: engine / APU. hot air. Indications and warnings. Indications and warnings. Supply regulation. ice. Extension and retraction systems: normal and emergency. Wheels. pneumatic and chemical. shock absorbing. flushing and servicing. Structural classification. fatigue. Flight Control Systems Cyclic control. Blade Dampers: Function and construction. free wheel units and rotor brake. Tail rotor. Collective control. safe life. bleed air. electrical and fly-by-wire. Main and tail rotor tracking. secondary and tertiary. hydraulic. Vortex ring state. Drains and ventilation provisions.SECTION 1 SAR-66 MODULE 12. Rotor Blades: Main and tail rotor blade construction and attachment. System operation: manual. Translating tendency and its correction. fixed and adjustable stabilisers. Zonal and station identification systems. Yaw control: Anti-Torque Control. Ground resonance. HELICOPTER AERODYNAMICS. Transmissions Gear boxes. compression.5 2 2 - 15 August 2006 1-42 Issue 2 . Dissymmetry of lift.1 Theory of Flight – Rotary Wing Aerodynamics Terminology. Main Rotor Head: Design and Operation features. bending. power settling. Blade Tracking and Vibration Analysis Rotor alignment.3 B1. Static and dynamic balancing. overpitching.Lightning strike protection provision. Torque reaction and directional control.2 2 3 - 12. vibration reduction methods. Swashplate.4 2 B2 - 12. Ground effect. Balancing and Rigging. System installation provisions. Auto-rotation. Fail safe. Vibration types. Stress.3 1 3 - 12. shear.4 1 3 - 12. main and tail rotors. hoop stress. Artificial feel. 1 B1. Blade tip stall. STRUCTURES AND SYSTEMS Level A3 A4 12. damage tolerance concepts. tension. Clutches. primary. Coriolis effect and compensation. Trim control. strain. Effects of gyroscopic precession. Airframe Structures (a) Airworthiness requirements for structural strength. torsion. 5 (b) Construction methods of: stressed skin fuselage. turn and slip indicator. STRUCTURES AND SYSTEMS (Continued) Level A3 A4 12.4 2 B2 - 12. Avionic Systems Fundamentals of system layouts and operation of. Vibration indicating systems – HUMS. Auto Flight (ATA 22).2 1 1 - Issue 2 1-43 15 August 2006 . reinforcement. vertical speed indicator. Communications (ATA 23). Gyroscopic: artificial horizon. 1 2 1 2 1 B1. mechanisms.6. direction indicator. Firewalls. struts. formers. Surface cleaning. HELICOPTER AERODYNAMICS. Protection and warning devices. remote reading.1 Air Conditioning (ATA 21) Air supply Sources of air supply including engine bleed and ground cart. bonding. air speed indicator. Windows and windscreen construction. doublers.1 12. Doors: construction. frames.2 1 3 - 12. such as chromating. 12. beams. horizontal situation indicator. anodising. Pylon. Compasses: direct reading. floor structures.6 12.7. bulkheads. Fuel storage. operation and safety devices. attitude director.SAR-66 SECTION 1 MODULE 12. stringers. ties. stabiliser and undercarriage attachments. methods of skinning and anti-corrosive protection. Airframe symmetry: methods of alignment and symmetry checks.7.7 12. Air Conditioning Air conditioning systems. Navigation Systems (ATA 34). Structure assembly techniques: riveting. Instruments/Avionic Systems Instrument Systems (ATA 31) Pitot static: altimeter.3 B1. Methods of surface protection. Other aircraft system indication. longerons. bolting. Flow and temperature control systems. Distribution systems. Engine mounts. turn coordinator.6. painting. Seat installation. Equipment and Furnishings (ATA 25) (a) Emergency equipment requirements. Cabin lay-out. Voltage regulation. Pressure generation: electric. Seats. STRUCTURES AND SYSTEMS (Continued) Level A3 A4 12. pneumatic.9 2 2 - 1 1 - 12. harnesses and belts. mechanical. DC power generation. Emergency power generation. AC power generation. Refuelling and defuelling. (b) Emergency flotation systems. Cabin Furnishing Installation. Hydraulic Power (ATA 29) System lay-out. Fire extinguishing systems. Inverters.10 1 3 - 12.4 3 B2 - 12. transformers. External/Ground power.11 1 3 - 12. Indication and warning systems. Fuel Systems (ATA 28) System lay-out. Power distribution. Lifting systems. Interface with other systems.SECTION 1 SAR-66 MODULE 12.3 B1. Circuit protection. Indications and warnings. HELICOPTER AERODYNAMICS. Fuel tanks. Supply systems. Emergency pressure generation. 1 B1. Power distribution. Pressure Control. Fire Protection (ATA 26) Fire and smoke detection and warning systems. System tests. rectifiers.8 Electrical Power (ATA 24) Batteries Installation and Operation. Hydraulic reservoirs and accumulators. cargo retention. Cross-feed and transfer. venting and draining. Dumping. Equipment lay-out. Hydraulic fluids.12 1 3 - 15 August 2006 1-44 Issue 2 . 1 B1. Interfaces with other systems. Anti-icing and De-icing systems: electrical. Emergency.3 B1. cockpit. Lights (ATA 33) External: navigation. classification and detection.4 3 B2 - 12. shock absorbing. Skids. STRUCTURES AND SYSTEMS (Continued) Level A3 A4 12. hot air and chemical. Extension and retraction systems: normal and emergency. Steering. brakes. Probe and drain heating. ice. reservoirs. Pneumatic/Vacuum (ATA 36) System lay-out.15 2 3 - 12. taxiing. HELICOPTER AERODYNAMICS. Indications and warnings. landing. Wheels. ground supply. tyres.16 1 3 - Issue 2 1-45 15 August 2006 . Pressure control. Indications and warning. floats.SAR-66 SECTION 1 MODULE 12.13 Ice and Rain Protection (ATA 30) Ice formation. Sources: engine. Internal: cabin. Rain repellant and removal.14 2 3 - 12. Landing Gear (ATA 32) Construction. Distribution. compressors. cargo. ruddervators.2 Structures – General Concepts (a) Fundamentals of structural systems. go-around. critical Mach number. Automatic trim control. Operation and effect of trim tabs. Automatic Landing Systems: principles and categories. approach.1 Theory of Flight (a) Aeroplane Aerodynamics and Flight Controls Operation and effect of: – roll control: ailerons and spoilers. rudder limiters. speed brakes. Control using elevons. – pitch control: elevators. Autopilot navigation aids interface. Mach number. (b) High Speed Flight Speed of sound. B1 B2 1 - - 1 - - 1 13. system monitors and failure conditions. Drag inducing devices: spoilers. pitch and yaw channels. Lightning strike protection provision. subsonic flight. variable incidence stabilisers and canards. control surface bias. AIRCRAFT AERODYNAMICS. collective and anti-torque controls. transonic flight. supersonic flight. Modes of operation: roll. (c) Rotary Wing Aerodynamics Terminology.SECTION 1 SAR-66 MODULE 13. – yaw control. Operation and effect of cyclic. modes of operation. Electrical bonding. Autothrottle systems. slats. flaps. stabilators. Command signal processing. glideslope. Stability Augmentation System in helicopters. - - 3 15 August 2006 1-46 Issue 2 . (b) Zonal and station identification systems. STRUCTURES AND SYSTEMS Level A 13. High lift devices: slots.3 Autoflight (ATA 22) Fundamentals of automatic flight control including working principles and current terminology. servo tabs. land. Yaw dampers. - - 1 - - 2 13. lift dumpers. B1 B2 3 13.SAR-66 SECTION 1 MODULE 13. – Inertial Navigation System. transformers. – Flight Management Systems. – Flight Director systems.5 - - 3 13. Circuit protection. antennas. STRUCTURES AND SYSTEMS (Continued) Level A 13. – Area navigation. – ARINC communication and reporting. RNAV systems. Inverters. – Microwave Landing System (MLS). Voltage regulation. – Instrument Landing System (ILS). External/Ground power. receiver and transmitter. – Audio. rectifiers. – Cockpit Voice Recorder. communication. – Automatic Direction Finding (ADF).4 Communication/Navigation (ATA 23/34) Fundamentals of radio wave propagation. secondary surveillance radar. – Very Low Frequency and hyperbolic navigation (VLF/Omega). – Air Traffic Control transponder.6 - - 3 Issue 2 1-47 15 August 2006 . – Very High Frequency omnidirectional range (VOR). DC power generation. – Distance Measuring Equipment (DME). transmission lines. – Emergency Locator Transmitters. Power distribution. – Global Positioning System (GPS). – High Frequency (HF) communication. Electrical Power (ATA 24) Batteries Installation and Operation. – Radio altimeter. AIRCRAFT AERODYNAMICS. – Weather avoidance radar. Equipment and Furnishing (ATA 25) Electronic emergency equipment requirements. Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). AC power generation. Emergency power generation. Working principles of following systems: – Very High Frequency (VHF) communication. – Doppler navigation. – Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS). Cabin entertainment equipment. speed brakes. Terminology. Compass systems. Pitot static systems. Artificial feel. Instrument warning systems including master warning systems and centralised warning panels. STRUCTURES AND SYSTEMS (Continued) Level A 13. Gyroscopic principles. Atmosphere. spoiler. Electronic Flight Instrument Systems. Mach trim. 13. Ground Proximity Warning Systems. Altimeters. elevator. High lift devices. Machmeters. AIRCRAFT AERODYNAMICS. Fuel quantity indicating systems.8 Instrument Systems (ATA 31) Classification. Yaw damper.SECTION 1 SAR-66 MODULE 13. Direct reading pressure and temperature gauges. Directional gyros. Airspeed indicators. Trim control. hydraulic. Instrument pneumatic systems. Active load control. 2 2 Flight Controls (ATA 27) 1 B1 B2 15 August 2006 1-48 Issue 2 . Artificial horizons. gust locks. Stall protection systems. Slip indicators. pneumatic. rudder limiter. Altitude reporting/alerting systems. Vibration measurement and indication. Stall warning systems and angle of attack indicating systems. fly by wire. Temperature indicating systems. Pressure measuring devices and systems.7 (a) Primary controls: aileron. Lift dump. (b) System operation: electrical. Vertical speed indicators. System operation: manual. Air data computers. rudder. Flight Data Recording systems. taxiing.9 Lights (ATA 33) External: navigation.10 - - 2 Issue 2 1-49 15 August 2006 . Emergency. landing. STRUCTURES AND SYSTEMS (Continued) Level A 13. Electronic library system. ice. cargo. B1 B2 3 13.SAR-66 SECTION 1 MODULE 13. Internal: cabin. Structure monitoring (damage tolerance monitoring). On board Maintenance Systems (ATA 45) Central maintenance computers. cockpit. AIRCRAFT AERODYNAMICS. Printing. Data loading system. engine turbine discharge pressure or jet pipe pressure systems. Engine torque. turbofan. Fuel pressure.2 Engine Indicating Systems Exhaust gas temperature/Interstage turbine temperature systems. temperature and flow. PROPULSION Level A 14. Engine Thrust Indication: Engine Pressure Ratio. turboshaft and turbopropeller engines. 14. Manifold pressure. Oil pressure and temperature. Propeller speed.SECTION 1 SAR-66 MODULE 14.1 Turbine Engines (a) Constructional arrangement and operation of turbojet. (b) Electronic Engine control and fuel metering systems (FADEC). Engine speed. 2 B1 B2 1 - - 2 15 August 2006 1-50 Issue 2 . 6 2 2 - 15.4 Compressors Axial and centrifugal types. work.3 2 B2 - 15. Engine noise reduction. Fan balancing. power.7 1 2 - Issue 2 1-51 15 August 2006 . Brayton cycle. Compressor ratio. Engine ratings.1 B1. Constructional arrangement and operation of turbojet. Nozzle guide vanes. Combustion Section Constructional features and principles of operation. Exhaust Constructional features and principles of operation.SAR-66 SECTION 1 MODULE 15. Engine Performance Gross thrust. divergent and variable area nozzles. acceleration. Engine efficiencies. resultant thrust. The relationship between force. choked nozzle thrust. Newton's laws of motion. influence of speed. Inlet Compressor inlet ducts. Operation.3 2 2 - 15. thrust distribution. thrust horsepower. Thrust reversers. Blade to disk attachment. turboshaft. equivalent shaft horsepower. static thrust.1 Fundamentals Potential energy. energy. variable stator vanes. turbofan. altitude and hot climate. specific fuel consumption. Causes and effects of compressor stall and surge. Pressure.2 - 2 - 15. Constructional features and operating principles and applications. turboprop. Convergent. net thrust. flat rating. 15. 1 2 1 B1. velocity. Methods of air flow control: bleed valves. By-pass ratio and engine pressure ratio. variable inlet guide vanes. Turbine Section Operation and characteristics of different turbine blade types. Ice protection. GAS TURBINE ENGINE Level A1 A3 15. limitations. Causes and effects of turbine blade stress and creep.5 1 2 - 15. kinetic energy. rotating stator blades. temperature and velocity of the gas flow. Effects of various inlet configurations. Vibration measurement and indication. sealing and external air services. B1. Water injection.9 1 2 - 15.SECTION 1 SAR-66 MODULE 15. including internal cooling. Power. Oil pressure and temperature. Engine speed.14 1 2 - 15.12 1 2 - 15.15 - 1 - 15 August 2006 1-52 Issue 2 . Fuel Systems Operation of engine control and fuel metering systems including electronic engine control (FADEC). Fuel pressure and flow.10 1 2 - 15. Engine Indication Systems Exhaust Gas Temperature/Interstage Turbine Temperature. Lubricants and Fuels Properties and specifications.8 Bearings and Seals Constructional features and principles of operation.ice control systems. Engine Thrust Indication: Engine Pressure Ratio. Torque. Maintenance safety requirements. water methanol.1 B1. Lubrication Systems System operation/lay-out and components. Afterburner systems. Air Systems Operation of engine air distribution and anti . Fuel additives. Ignition systems and components.11 1 2 - 15. Systems lay-out and components. Safety precautions. engine turbine discharge pressure or jet pipe pressure systems. Power Augmentation Systems Operation and applications. Starting and Ignition Systems Operation of engine start systems and components.13 1 2 - 15. GAS TURBINE ENGINE (Continued) Level A1 A3 15.3 2 B2 - 15. Engine Monitoring and Ground Operation Procedures for starting and ground run-up. drive systems. vibration and boroscope) monitoring.18 1 2 - 15.1 B1. Fire Protection Systems Operation of detection and extinguishing systems. Integrated engine and propeller controls. connectors. feeders. Overspeed safety devices. Compressor washing/cleaning. anti-vibration mounts.20 1 2 - 15. control cables and rods. tolerances and data specified by engine manufacturer. 1 B1.19 1 2 - 15. Reduction gears. acoustic panels.22 - 2 - Issue 2 1-53 15 August 2006 . protective systems. GAS TURBINE ENGINE (Continued) Level A1 A3 15. engine mounts.3 2 B2 - 15. Engine Storage and Preservation Preservation and depreservation for the engine and accessories/systems. cowlings. wiring looms. couplings. lifting points and drains. Foreign object damage. Turbo-shaft engines Arrangements. operation.21 1 3 - 15.17 1 2 - 15. Trend (including oil analysis.SAR-66 SECTION 1 MODULE 15. Interpretation of engine power output and parameters. Powerplant Installation Configuration of firewalls. hoses. Auxiliary Power Units (APUs) Purpose. pipes. Inspection of engine and components to criteria. reduction gearing.16 Turbo-prop Engines Gas coupled/free turbine and gear coupled turbines. control systems. 4 16.2 1 2 - 16. Piston displacement and compression ratio. construction and principles of operation. Otto and Diesel. Factors affecting engine power.4. pre-ignition. Engine Construction Crank case.5 1 2 - 16. Connecting rods. Engine Performance Power calculation and measurement. Ignition harnesses. Accessory gearbox. Mixtures/leaning.3 1 2 - 16.4 2 B2 - 16. inlet and exhaust manifolds. thermal and volumetric efficiencies. Electronic engine control Operation of engine control and fuel metering systems including electronic engine control (FADEC).3 1 2 - 16. Low and high tension systems.4. Valve mechanisms. Engine configuration and firing order. Starting and Ignition Systems Starting systems.1 Fundamentals Mechanical.6 1 2 - 15 August 2006 1-54 Issue 2 . Fuel injection systems Types. cam shafts. crank shaft.1 16.2 1 2 - 16. 1 2 1 B1. Operating principles — 2 stroke. 4 stroke.4. Icing and heating. engine cooling systems — air and liquid.SECTION 1 SAR-66 MODULE 16. construction and principles of operation. Induction. Systems lay-out and components. Exhaust systems. Magneto types. Exhaust and Cooling Systems Construction and operation of: induction systems including alternate air systems.2 B1. pre-heat systems. Propeller reduction gearboxes. PISTON ENGINE Level A2 A4 16. Cylinder and piston assemblies. spark plugs. construction and principles of operation. Engine Fuel Systems Carburettors Types. sumps. Fuel additives. Engine Monitoring and Ground Operation Procedures for starting and ground run-up.12 1 3 - 16. Oil pressure and temperature. Coolant temperature. control cables and rods. Manifold pressure.8 1 2 - 16.4 2 B2 - 16. Inspection of engine and components: criteria. wiring looms. Engine Storage and Preservation Preservation and depreservation for the engine and accessories/ systems. anti-vibration mounts. and data specified by engine manufacturer. hoses.10 1 2 - 16. Cylinder head temperature. System terminology. Lubricants and Fuels Properties and specifications. connectors. 1 B1.2 B1.7 Supercharging/Turbocharging Principles and purpose of supercharging and its effects on engine parameters. Exhaust Gas Temperature. lifting points and drains. engine mounts. Construction and operation of supercharging/Turbocharging systems. PISTON ENGINE (Continued) Level A2 A4 16. Engine Indication Systems Engine speed. acoustic panels. tolerances.11 1 2 - 16.9 1 2 - 16. Fuel pressure and flow.SAR-66 SECTION 1 MODULE 16. System protection. Interpretation of engine power output and parameters.13 - 2 - Issue 2 1-55 15 August 2006 . Safety precautions. feeders. Powerplant Installation Configuration of firewalls. Lubrication Systems System operation/lay-out and components. cowlings. Control systems. pipes. Feathering and reverse pitch. blade face. angle of attack. Propeller Construction Construction methods and materials used in wooden. Propeller treatment/repair schemes. Blade tracking. Overspeed protection.4 - 2 - 17.1 Fundamentals Blade element theory. High/low blade angle. PROPELLER Level A1 A2 17. Propeller slip. corrosion. 1 B1.1 B1. Propeller Storage and Preservation Propeller preservation and depreservation.SECTION 1 SAR-66 MODULE 17. Propeller Synchronising Synchronising and synchrophasing equipment.2 2 B2 - 17. delamination. Propeller Pitch Control Speed control and pitch change methods. erosion. centrifugal. Propeller Maintenance Static and dynamic balancing. and thrust forces.3 1 2 - 17. controllable pitch. Relative airflow on blade angle of attack. Assessment of blade damage. Aerodynamic. reverse angle.6 1 3 - 17. Propeller engine running.5 1 2 - 17.2 1 2 - 17. Fixed pitch. composite and metal propellers. impact damage. Propeller/spinner installation. constant speeding propeller.7 1 2 - 15 August 2006 1-56 Issue 2 . Vibration and resonance. rotational speed. mechanical and electrical/electronic. blade back and hub assembly. blade shank. Propeller Ice Protection Fluid and electrical de-icing equipment. Blade station. Torque. 7 1. 1.3 1.1 1.8 1.5 1. pass credits on Paper H11 and L11 under SAR-7 will be converted automatically to pass credits for SAR-66 modules M09 (Human Factors) and M10 (Aviation Legislation) respectively.SAR-66 SECTION 1 SINGAPORE AIRWORTHINESS REQUIREMENTS SAR 66 APPENDIX 2 BASIC EXAMINATION STANDARD 1 1.8 does not apply to a credit which is common to more than one SAR-66 AML category or subcategory which had previously been used to qualify for another category or subcategory on the licence. Penalty marking will not be applied on the multiple-choice papers. The answer to an essay question is expected to follow a ‘report’ style that presents a logical progression from introduction to conclusion.9 1.4.2 Standardisation Basis for Examinations All basic examinations will be in multiple-choice or essay question format as specified below. besides obtaining an overall score of 75 % as in paragraph 1. Contents will account for 60 % of the marks. A person who fails a knowledge examination twice within a 3-month period shall not be eligible to re-apply for that examination for a 3-month period.6 1. The validity of examination credits specified in paragraph 1. which are valid for 5 years. M10 (Aviation Legislation) and M50 (the essay paper). Each multiple-choice question will have three answers of which only one is correct. A pass in a written basic knowledge examination is valid for a period of 10 years except for modules M09 (Human Factors). The pass mark for each SAR-66 module and the essay paper is 75 %. The validity of these converted pass credits will also be 5 years from 15 August 2006. the candidate must also obtain at least 75 % in each of the 4 questions in the paper. Issue 2 1-57 15 August 2006 . To pass an essay paper.10 On 15 August 2006. The essay will be marked for contents and overall presentation. Each essay question requires the preparation of a written answer and the candidate will be allowed 20 minutes to answer each question.4 1. while overall presentation will account for the remaining 40 %. The candidate is allowed a total time per module based on a nominal average of 75 seconds per question. Structures and Systems 50 65 mins 70 90 mins 100 mins 25 mins 60 75 mins M07 70 90 mins 80 60 75 mins M08 20 25 mins 20 20 25 mins M09 20 25 mins 20 25 mins 20 25 mins M10 40 50 mins 40 50 mins 40 50 mins M11A 100 125 mins 130 165 mins - - M11B 70 90 mins 100 125 mins - - M12 90 115 mins 115 145 mins - - M13 - - - - 130 165 mins 15 August 2006 1-58 Issue 2 .1 & B1. Structures and Systems Helicopter Aerodynamics. Structures and Systems Aircraft Aerodynamics. Number of questions for the SAR-66 Appendix 1 Modules Cat A Module No.3) 25 mins 40 50 mins M05 50 mins 70 90 mins 16 20 mins 20 (B1. of Questions 30 50 50 Time Allowed 40 mins 65 mins 65 mins M01 M02 M03 Mathematics Physics Electrical Fundamentals Electronic Fundamentals Digital Techniques / Electronic Instrument Systems M04 - - 20 40 (B1. of Questions 16 30 20 Time Allowed 20 mins 40 mins 25 mins Cat B1 No.SECTION 1 SAR-66 1. of Questions 30 50 50 Time Allowed 40 mins 65 mins 65 mins Cat B2 No.4) 25 mins M06 Materials and Hardware Maintenance Practices Basic Aerodynamics Human Factors Aviation Legislation Turbine Aeroplane Aerodynamics.2 & B1. Structures and Systems Piston Aeroplane Aerodynamics. Module Name No. Issue 2 1-59 15 August 2006 . of Questions 25 Time Allowed 30 mins - M14 M15 Propulsion Gas Turbine Engine Piston Engine Propeller Bridging Paper for Category A M16 M17 M60 Essay paper (Module No. Module Name No. of Questions 60 50 20 80 Time Allowed 75 mins 65 mins 25 mins 100mins Cat B1 No. Module 09 (1 question) and Module 10 (1 question). M50) A 4-question essay paper is also required to be passed for licence issue only. This is a common paper set to the same syllabus and standard across all SAR-66 aircraft maintenance licence categories. of Questions 90 70 30 Time Allowed 115 mins 90 mins 40 mins - Cat B2 No. This paper comprises questions drawn from the syllabus as follows: Module 07 (2 questions). The 4 essay questions are administered as a single examination paper for which an overall mark is awarded giving a pass or fail for the paper as a whole.SAR-66 SECTION 1 Cat A Module No. The time allowed for the paper is 1 hour 20 minutes. the student will be able to: 1. 3. principal components including their location and purpose. windows and hatches. Water/waste. its systems and powerplant. Objectives: LEVEL 2 Ramp and Transit . Define the general layout of the aircraft's major systems. Recall the safety precautions to be observed when working on or near the aircraft. Objectives: (g) Environmental Control Systems. 2. Flight controls. (i) (j) (k) Landing gear.Basic system overview of controls. 5. Identify safety precautions related to the airframe. 15 August 2006 1-60 Issue 2 . Identify maintenance practices important to the airframe. LEVEL 1 General Familiarisation . (d) Auxiliary power unit. 2. In addition to the information contained in the Level 1 General Familiarisation course. 4. Demonstrate knowledge of the main ramp and transit (through-flight) activities of the following: (a) Doors. powerplant and systems. systems and powerplants as outlined in the Systems Description Section of the Aircraft Maintenance Manual. the student will be able to: 1.A brief overview of the airframe. Define the general layout and characteristics of the powerplant. (h) Hydraulic power. servicing and minor troubleshooting. (e) Powerplant. Identify special tooling and test equipment used with the aircraft. Upon completion of the course. indicators. (b) Electrical power supplies. (c) Fuel. (f) Fire protection. at the completion of this Level 2 Ramp and Transit training.SECTION 1 SAR-66 SINGAPORE AIRWORTHINESS REQUIREMENTS SAR 66 APPENDIX 3 TYPE TRAINING AND EXAMINATION STANDARD 1 Type training levels The three levels listed below define the objectives that a particular level of training is intended to achieve. its systems and powerplant. 8. In addition to the information contained in Level 1 and Level 2 training. Demonstrate proficiency in use of crew reports and on-board reporting systems (minor troubleshooting) and determine aircraft airworthiness per the MEL/CDL. Flight and service interphone. 2. including terminology and nomenclature. Landing Gear. and Oxygen. BITE and troubleshooting procedures to maintenance manual level. Perform system. 9. engine. the elements in the syllabus below that are specific to the aircraft type must be covered. Describe procedures for replacement of components unique to aircraft type. Avionics. Water/Waste. Training levels are those levels defined in paragraph 1 above. Issue 2 1-61 15 August 2006 . 3. at the completion of Level III Line and Base Maintenance training. Objectives: 2 Type training standard Type training must include a theoretical and practical element. Identify and use appropriate documentation. Perform the procedures for ramp and transit servicing associated with the aircraft for the following systems: Fuel. component location. LEVEL 3 Line and Base Maintenance Training .1 Theoretical element As a minimum. the student will be able to: 1. 4. 6. Identify the locations of the principal components. 7. Power Plants. power availability and sources. Describe systems and aircraft handling particularly access. component and functional checks as specified in the maintenance manual.SAR-66 SECTION 1 (l) (m) (n) (o) 3. Explain the normal functioning of each major system. 5. removal/installation. Oxygen. Additional elements introduced due to technological changes shall also be included. Correlate information for the purpose of making decisions in respect of fault diagnosis and rectification to maintenance manual level. After the first type course for category C certifying staff all subsequent courses need only be to Level 1. 2. Locate those procedures for replacement of components for ramp and transit activities identified in objective 2. operation. and Cabin equipment/furnishings.Detailed description. Hydraulics. Requirement & Cabin Entertainment Equipment Fire Protection Flight Controls Sys.SECTION 1 SAR-66 Introduction Module Title General Time limits/maintenance checks Levelling and weighing Towing and taxiing Parking/mooring Servicing Standard practices-only type particular B2 module-safety items/mechanical interface B1 module-safety items/avionics interface Aircraft(dimensions/weights MTOW etc) Aeroplanes turbine B1 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 C 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Aeroplanes piston B1 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 3 3 3 2 3 3 C 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 - Helicopters turbine B1 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 3 3 3 2 3 3 C 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 - Helicopters piston B1 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 3 3 3 2 3 3 C 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 - Avionics B2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 3 Blade tracking and vibration analysis Transmissions Airframe structure Main rotor Tail rotor/rotor drive Rotor flight control Airframe Structure Fuselage Doors Fuselage Fuselage Windows Wings Stabilisers Flight Control Surfaces Nacelles/Pylons Zonal & Station Identification Systems Air Supply Air Conditioning Pressurisation Safety & Warning Devices Instrument Systems Avionics Systems Electrical Power Equipment & Furnishings Electronic Emergency Equip. Operation: Electrical/Fly-byWire Fuel Systems Hydraulic Power Ice & Rain Protection 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 1 1 1 15 August 2006 1-62 Issue 2 . SAR-66 SECTION 1 Aeroplanes turbine B1 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 C 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Aeroplanes piston B1 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 C 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Helicopters turbine B1 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 C 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 - Helicopters piston B1 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 C 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 - Avionics B2 1 3 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 1 - Landing Gear Lights Oxygen Pneumatic/Vacuum Water/Waste On-board Maintenance Systems Turbine Engines: Constructional arrangement and operation Engine Performance Inlet Compressors Combustion Section Turbine Section Exhaust Bearings and Seals Lubricants and Fuels Lubrication Systems Fuel Systems Engine controls FADEC Air Systems Starting & Ignition Systems Engine Indicating Systems Power Augmentation Systems Turbo-prop Engines Turbo-shaft Engines Auxiliary Power Units (APUs) Powerplant Installation Fire Protection Systems Engine Monitoring and Ground Operation Engine Storage and Preservation Piston Engines: Engine Performance Engine Construction Engine Fuel Systems Carburettors Fuel injection systems Engine Controls FADEC Starting and Ignition Systems Induction, Exhaust and Cooling Systems Supercharging/Turbocharging Lubricants and Fuels Lubrication Systems Engine Indication Systems Powerplant Installation Engine Monitoring and Ground Operation Engine Storage and Preservation Propellers: Propeller — General Propeller Construction Propeller Pitch Control Issue 2 1-63 15 August 2006 SECTION 1 SAR-66 Aeroplanes turbine B1 3 2 3 3 C 1 1 1 1 Aeroplanes piston B1 3 2 3 3 C 1 1 1 1 Helicopters turbine B1 C - Helicopters piston B1 C - Avionics B2 3 - Propeller Synchronising Propeller Electronic Control Propeller Ice Protection Propeller Maintenance 2.2 Practical element The practical training element must consist of the performance of representative maintenance tasks and their assessment in order to meet the following objectives: (a) Ensure safe performance of maintenance, inspections and routine work according to the maintenance manual and other relevant instructions and tasks as appropriate for the type of aircraft, for example troubleshooting, repairs, adjustments, replacements, rigging and functional checks such as engine run, etc, if required. Correctly use all technical literature and documentation for the aircraft. Correctly use specialist/special tooling and test equipment, perform removal and replacement of components and modules unique to type, including any on-wing maintenance activity. (b) (c) 3 Type training examination standard Where aircraft type training is required, the examination must be written and complies with the following: (a) Format of the examination is of the multiple-choice type. Each multiple-choice question must have three alternative answers of which only one must be the correct answer. The time for answering is based upon a nominal average of 120 seconds per level 3 question and 75 seconds per level 1 or 2 question. The examination must be of the closed book type. No reference material is permitted. An exception will be made or the case of examining a B1 or B2 candidate's ability to interpret technical documents. The number of questions must be at least one question per hour of instruction subject to a minimum of two questions per syllabus subject. The Authority will assess the number and level of questions on a sampling basis when approving the course. The examination pass mark is 75 %. Penalty marking will not to be used to determine whether a candidate has passed. End of module phase examinations cannot be used as part of the final examination unless they contain the correct number and level of questions required. (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) 4. Type examination standard Where type training is not required, the examination must be oral, written or practical assessment based, or a combination thereof. Oral examination questions must be open. Written examination questions must be essay type or multiple-choice questions. Practical assessment must determine a person's competence to perform a task. 15 August 2006 1-64 Issue 2 SAR-66 SECTION 1 Examination subjects must be on a sample of subjects drawn from paragraph 2 type training/examination syllabus, at the indicated level. The examination must ensure that the following objectives are met: (a) (b) Properly discuss with confidence the aircraft and its systems. Ensure safe performance of maintenance, inspections and routine work according to the maintenance manual and other relevant instructions and tasks as appropriate for the type of aircraft, for example troubleshooting, repairs, adjustments, replacements, rigging and functional checks such as engine run, etc, if required. Correctly use all technical literature and documentation for the aircraft. Correctly use specialist/special tooling and test equipment, perform removal and replacement of components and modules unique to type, including any on-wing maintenance activity. (c) (d) Issue 2 1-65 15 August 2006 1 B1. (3) The experience requirement will be reduced by 50 % if the applicant has completed an approved SAR147 course relevant to the category or subcategory.1 B1.4 B2 6 months 6 months 6 months None 6 months 6 months 6 months 6 months A1 A2 A3 A4 B1.3 B1.SECTION 1 SAR-66 SINGAPORE AIRWORTHINESS REQUIREMENTS SAR 66 APPENDIX 4 EXPERIENCE REQUIREMENTS FOR EXTENDING A SAR-66 AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE LICENCE (1) The table below shows the experience requirements for adding a new category or subcategory to an existing SAR-66 licence.4 B2 6 months 6 months 6 months 6 months 6 months 6 months None 6 months 6 months 6 months 6 months 6 months 6 months 2 years 2 years 2 years 2 years 6 months 6 months 1 year 1 year 6 months 2 years 2 years 2 years 2 years 6 months 2 years 1 year 1 year 6 months 6 months 6 months 6 months 6 months 2 years 2 years 2 years 2 years 1 year 2 years 1 year 2 years 6 months 6 months 6 months None 6 months 6 months 6 months 6 months 6 months None 6 months 2 years 6 months 2 years 1 year 6 months 6 months 1 year 2 years 1 year 1 year 15 August 2006 1-66 Issue 2 . To: From: A1 A2 A3 A4 B1.3 B1.2 B1.2 B1. (2) The experience must be recent practical maintenance experience on operating aircraft in the category or subcategory relevant to the application. Replace vapour cycle unit. secure and cover aircraft. Servicing Refuel aircraft. Analyse noise spectrum. Replace air cycle unit. Replace existing antenna. Parking and mooring Tie down aircraft. Jack complete aircraft. Troubleshoot faulty system. Check autoland system. Perform antenna VSWR check. Check operation of yaw damper. Placards and Markings Check aircraft for correct placards. Towing and Taxiing Tow aircraft. Perform Selcal operational check. Replace HF com unit. Check operation of auto-throttle. Park. Replace heat exchanger. Electrical Power Charge lead/acid battery. Be part of aircraft towing team. Perform pre-flight/daily check. Charge pneumatic system. Deep-cycle ni-cad battery. Check accumulator pressure. Connect ground power. Charge ni-cad battery. Weigh aircraft. Check oil level. Replace outflow valve. Check aircraft against equipment list. Communications Replace VHF com unit. Procedure for inspection following heavy landing. Check operation of auto-pilot. Functionally check audio integrating system. ‘B’ or ‘C’ check (transport category aircraft). Levelling/Weighing Level aircraft. Troubleshoot faulty system. Check and adjust servo clutch. Check flight management systems. Check operation of radios. Check hydraulic fluid level. Secure rotor blades. Check aircraft for correct markings. Sling or trestle major component. Replace cabin blower. Lifting and Shoring Assist in: Jack aircraft nose or tail wheel. Troubleshoot faulty system. Perform mach trim functional check. Check tyre pressures. Auto flight Install servos. Defuel aircraft. Replace static discharge wicks. Position aircraft in dock. Replace amplifier. Replace pressurisation controller. Perform operational check of passenger address system. Vibration and Noise Analysis Analyse helicopter vibration problem. Review records for compliance with airworthiness directives. Check battery capacity. Replace generator/alternator. Air Conditioning Replace combustion heater. Dimensions/Areas Locate component(s) by station number. Review records for compliance with component life limits. Repair co-axial cable. Service toilet/water system. Issue 2 1-67 15 August 2006 . Check stability augmentation system. Perform autopilot gain adjustments.SAR-66 SECTION 1 SINGAPORE AIRWORTHINESS REQUIREMENTS SAR 66 APPENDIX 5 PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE FOR AIRCRAFT OTHER THAN LARGE AIRCRAFT LIST OF TASKS Time limits/Maintenance checks 100 hour check (general aviation aircraft). Procedure for inspection following lightning strike. Check operation of air conditioning/heating system. Perform symmetry check. Replace controller. Prepare weight and balance amendment. Check operation of pressurisation system. Grease aircraft. Clean outflow valves. Rig bridle cables. Check operation of directional gyro. Landing Gear Build up wheel. Functional check ATC Transponder. Install wiper motor. Replace HIS. Replace air data computer. Replace altimeter. Ice and rain protection Replace pump. Repair/replace electrical feeder cable. Replace fuel tank cells. Replace fire bottle squib. Check pitot static system for leaks. Check operation of shut off valve. Bleed brakes. Change cabin configuration. Change bungees. Functional check flight director system.SECTION 1 SAR-66 Replace switches. Test anti skid unit. Replace crew seats. Replace nose wheel. Replace clock. Troubleshoot faulty system. 15 August 2006 1-68 Issue 2 . Replace brake control valve. Replace fuel selector. Test gear retraction. Check calibration of fuel quantity gauges. Replace powered flying control unit. Inspect engine fire wire detection systems. Check seats/belts for security. Troubleshoot faulty system. Check ELT for compliance with regulations. Indicating/recording systems Replace flight data recorder. Repair toilet waste container. Hydraulics Replace engine driven pump. Troubleshoot faulty system. Troubleshoot faulty system. Fuel Replace booster pump. Functional check DME. Replace rudder. Lights Repair/replace rotating beacon. Repair/replace interior lights. Adjust control cable tension. Check control range and sense of movement. Replace aileron. Install control cable and fittings. Fire protection Check fire bottle contents. Replace flat actuator. Check cabin fire extinguisher contents. Replace brake unit. Check inertia reels. Amend electrical load analysis report. Perform emergency lighting system checks. Replace airspeed indicator. Replace flaps. Check emergency equipment. Adjust voltage regulator. Replace master caution unit. Install new fire bottle. Troubleshoot faulty system. Perform FDR data retrieval. Troubleshoot faulty system. Test out brake system. Check lavatory smoke detector system. Troubleshoot faulty system. Replace circuit breakers. Replace elevator. Replace shimmy damper. Repair/replace landing lights. Flight Controls Replace horizontal stabiliser. Check filters. Charge struts. Replace standby pump. Check operation of warning system. Implement ESDS procedures. Replace VOR unit. Flow checks system. Troubleshoot faulty system. Replace ADI. Replace trim tabs. Check for correct assembly and locking. Troubleshoot faulty system. Navigation Calibrate magnetic direction indicator. Functional check inertial navigation system. Check operation of systems. Functional check weather radar. Check operation feed/selectors. Equipment/Furnishings Replace carpets. Rig nose wheel steering. Replace shock strut seals. Functional check Doppler. Perform functional checks. Repair upholstery. Repair/replace emergency lighting system. Replace accumulator. Replace FDR. Replace passenger seats. Replace timer. Check indicating systems. Replace cockpit voice recorder. Adjust micro switches. Adjust trim tab. Replace main wheel. Functional check TCAS. Inspect for HIRF requirements. Repair/replace navigation lights. Check filters. Adjust regulator. Test AVM. Replace blades. Adjust air stair system. Adjust governor. Tail Rotor Drive Replace bevel gearbox. Replace drive belt. Replace propeller. Check operation during ground run. Test door warning system. Troubleshoot faulty system. Structures Sheet metal repair. Vacuum systems Replace vacuum pump Check/replace filters Adjust regulator Troubleshoot faulty system Water/Waste Replace water pump. Issue 2 1-69 15 August 2006 . Wings Skin repair. Pneumatic systems Replace filter. Install main gearbox. Update flight management system database. Check track. Wooden repair. Main Rotors Install rotor assembly. Check calibration of pitot staticinstruments. Perform auto oxygen system deployment check. Apply protective treatment. Install mixing box. Fibre glass repair. Check incidence/rig. Check dynamic balance. Check chip detectors. Troubleshoot faulty system. Check marker systems. Central Maintenance System Retrieve data from CMU. Recover fabric wing. Troubleshoot faulty system. Replace rib. Troubleshoot faulty system. Troubleshoot faulty system. Overhaul main gearbox. Replace compressor. Replace toilet pump. Tail Rotors Install rotor assembly. Check operation of emergency exits. Replace blades. Inspect hot section.SAR-66 SECTION 1 Complete quadrantal error correction of ADF system. Check for leaks. Install drive assembly. Rotor Drive Replace mast. Airborne Auxiliary power Install APU. Check track. Perform static functional checks. Replace governor. Perform Bite check. Recover fabric control surface. Troubleshoot faulty system. Replace regulator. Repair transparency. Replace oxygen generator. Fabric repair. Troubleshoot. Check gearbox chip detectors. Replace universal joints. Compass replacement direct/indirect. Replace CMU. Replace window. Replace drive coupling. Troubleshoot faulty system. Check GPS. Dress out blade damage. Troubleshoot. Doors Rig/adjust locking mechanism. Check calibration of pressure altitude reporting system. Adjust pitch links. Check Satcom. Check setting of micro switches. Overhaul bevel gearbox. Check static balance. Treat corrosion. Dynamically balance prop. Replace damper assembly. Recharge dessicator. Rotorcraft flight controls Install swash plate. Test crew oxygen system. Windows Replace windshield. Oxygen Inspect on board oxygen equipment. Replace tip. Replace tap. Troubleshoot faulty system. Replace clutch/freewheel unit. Propeller Assemble prop after transportation. Purge and recharge oxygen system. Adjust pressure relief valve. Troubleshoot faulty system. Clean/replace filters. Engine ground run. Ignition systems. Change ignition vibrator. Extract broken stud. Exhaust. turbine Replace FCU. Adjust pedestal micro-switches. Troubleshoot faulty system. Repair cowling. Check tappet clearance. Troubleshoot faulty system. Perform ground run. Check control sync (multi-eng). Install carburettor/injector. Engine Indicating Replace engine instruments(s). Check H T leads. Engine Controls Rig thrust lever. Trend monitoring/gas path analysis. Replace engine driven pump. piston Replace engine driven pump. Troubleshoot faulty system. Replace ignition unit. Establish/check reference RPM. Rig RPM control. Repair cooling baffles. Troubleshoot. Install helicoil. Replace start control valve. Rig mixture HP cock lever. turbine Change jet pipe. Replace turbo-blower. Fuel and control. Replace heat shields. piston Replace exhaust gasket. Adjust density controller. Replace engine. Check carburettor float setting. Oil Change oil. Change plugs. Adjust carburettor/injector. Check timing. Replace waste gate. Exhaust. Check controls for operation and sense. Starting Replace starter. Troubleshoot. Check controls for range and sense of operation. Adjust AMC. Troubleshoot faulty system. Fuel and control. Turbine Engines Replace module. Test plugs. Check controls for assembly and locking. Rig cyclic system. Turbines. Troubleshoot faulty system. Rig power lever. Pressure check cabin heater muff. Install new leads. Check controls for correct assembly and locking. Replace oil cooler. Replace oil temperature bulb. Replace thermocouples. Check ignition unit. Troubleshoot faulty system. turbine Check glow plugs/ignitors. Rig anti-torque system. piston Change magneto. Ignition systems. Check filter(s). Hot section inspection. Replace oil pump. Perform oil dilution. Inspect welded repair. Establish reference power. Check calibration. Replace firewall shut off valve. piston engines Replace PRT. Adjust cowl flaps. Replace oil tank. Install trimmers. Troubleshoot faulty system. Check crankshaft run-out. Adjust FCU. Change shroud assembly. Clean/test fuel nozzles. Check compression. Adjust ABC. Check cranking speed. Clean injector nozzles. Replace start relay. Check H T leads. 15 August 2006 1-70 Issue 2 . Power Plant Build up ECU. Replace primer line. Troubleshoot faulty system. Troubleshoot. Troubleshoot faulty system. Piston Engines Remove/install reduction gear. Check system bonding.SECTION 1 SAR-66 Rig collective system. Repair faulty wiring. Accessory gear boxes Replace gearbox. Check fluid for quality. Troubleshoot faulty system. Replace drive shaft.SAR-66 SECTION 1 Engine water injection Replace water/methanol pump. Check chip detector. Issue 2 1-71 15 August 2006 . Adjust water/methanol control unit. Flow checks water/methanol system. SECTION 1 SAR-66 INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 15 August 2006 1-72 Issue 2 . 4 Explanatory notes not forming part of the AMC text appear in a smaller typeface.2 1. 1.ACCEPTABLE MEANS OF COMPLIANCE (AMC) AND INTERPRETATIVE/EXPLANATORY MATERIAL (IEM) 1 1. any such AMC (which may be additional to an existing AMC) may be amended into the document or issued as a separate Advisory Circular. Interpretative/Explanatory Material (IEM) helps to illustrate the meaning of a requirement.1 GENERAL This section contains Acceptable Means of Compliance (AMC) and Interpretative/Explanatory Material (IEM) that have been included in the SAR-66 to assist holders of or applicants for an aircraft maintenance licence in meeting the necessary requirements. but not necessarily the only possible means by which a requirement can be met.1 2.SAR-66 SECTION 2 SINGAPORE AIRWORTHINESS REQUIREMENTS SAR 66 SECTION 2 .3 (b) 2. Where a particular SAR paragraph does not have an Acceptable Means of Compliance or any Interpretative/Explanatory Material. Advisory Circulars issued by the Authority may contain further Acceptable Means of Compliance and/or Interpretative/Explanatory Material.3 2 2. be noted that where a new AMC is developed. A numbering system has been used in which the Acceptable Means of Compliance and Interpretative Material uses the same number as the paragraph in SAR to which it refers. The number is preceded by the letters AMC or IEM to distinguish the material from the SAR itself. It should however. The acronyms AMC and IEM also indicate the nature of the material and for this purpose the two types of material are defined as follows: (a) Acceptable Means of Compliance (AMC) illustrate a means. PRESENTATION The Acceptable Means of Compliance and Interpretative/Explanatory Material are presented in fullpage width on loose pages. it is considered that no supplementary material is required. each page being identified by the date of issue or the change number under which it is amended or re-issued. Issue 2 2-1 15 August 2006 . In addition. or several alternative means.2 2. SECTION 2 SAR-66 INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 15 August 2006 2-2 Issue 2 . 20 (a) (1) Privileges 1 For the purposes of category A.20 (a) (4) Privileges The category C certification authorisation permits the certification of scheduled base maintenance by the issue of a single certificate of release to service for the complete aircraft after the completion of all such maintenance.20 (a) (3) Privileges The category B2 licence holder will need to be qualified as category A in order to carry out simple mechanical tasks and be able to make certifications if he or she was needed to exercise the privileges of a category A licence holder.20 (a) (2) Privileges The category B1 licence also permits the certification of work involving avionic systems. The basis for this certification is that the maintenance has been carried out by competent technicians and both categories B1 and B2 staff have signed for Issue 2 2-3 15 August 2006 . AMC 66. 2 3 The list of tasks identified as simple defect rectification is specified in SAR-145. AMC 66. and (c) Routine fluid servicing. or will be working for. subject to the SAR-66 aircraft maintenance licence being valid at the time of the issuance of the authorisation.SAR-66 SECTION 2 IEM 66.other than a simple go/no-go decision .cannot be certified. other on-board test systems/equipment or by simple ramp test equipment. minor scheduled line maintenance means any scheduled minor check performed at line maintenance which includes tasks within the following limitations: (a) General visual inspection. Defect rectification involving test equipment which requires an element of decision making in its application . a SAR-145 approved maintenance organisation. provided the serviceability of the system can be established by a simple self-test facility. A category A certifying staff is not permitted to perform defect diagnosis or supervise individuals and certify for their work. (b) Operation of push-to-test (PTT) or Built-in Test Equipment (BITE) tests with pass/fail indications. the applicant must show that he or she is working for. AMC 66. AMC 66. Privileges 2 AMC 66.1 General The privileges of aircraft maintenance engineers licensed under SAR Section 7 will remain valid until 31 December 2008. To demonstrate a need to hold a SAR-66 aircraft maintenance licence.20 (a) 1 Certifying staff may be granted a SAR-145 certification authorisation in relation to the SAR-66 category/subcategories held. AMC 66.10 1 Application and Issue Applications for SAR-66 aircraft maintenance licence must be submitted to the Authority using Form CAAS(AW)66-1. Note: It should be noted that the category C certifier is to be considered as a maintenance management role. Basic knowledge examinations are conducted without the use of training notes. Experience should be supported by documentary evidence. which means that category A must demonstrate a limited but adequate level of knowledge. IEM 66. and the electrical power. Licence holders should also be aware that such operations are unacceptable.20 (a) 1 Privileges The following titles shown against each category designator below are intended to provide a readily understandable indication of the job function: Category A: Category B1: Category B2: Category C: Line maintenance certifying technician Line maintenance certifying engineer .25 (a) 1 2 3 Basic knowledge examinations are conducted by the Authority.1 (sub)category. the company should adopt procedures to prevent any conflict of interest. powerplant and systems as appropriate to the category or subcategory and relevant to the type or group rating held. clearly stating that for any maintenance input the individual may work as either a category C signatory or a supporting category B1 or B2 signatory but not both. control and indication elements of the electromechanical systems on which the category B1 or B2 licence holders are trained and qualified to ATA 104 Level 3.mechanical Line maintenance certifying engineer .SECTION 2 SAR-66 the maintenance under their respective specialisations. the applicant must also pass an essay paper. 3 AMC 66.avionic Base maintenance certifying engineer 2 Individual aircraft maintenance licence holders need not be restricted to a single category. Provided that each qualification requirement is satisfied. AMC 66. Examination subjects required for each category are given in SAR-66 Appendix 1. The conflict of interest between doing the task and managing the task has been criticised previously in Air Accident Investigation Reports as a causal factor and companies should take steps to avoid this occurring. Basic Knowledge requirements 2 3 IEM 66. whereas category B1 and B2 must demonstrate a complete level of knowledge in the appropriate subject modules.66. Whilst category C certifying staff may also hold the appropriate category B1 or B2 type rated licences to act within base maintenance to support the category C signatory. The principal function of the category C certifying staff is to ensure that all required maintenance has been called up and signed off by the category B1 and B2 staff before issue of the certificate of release to service. ‘Electrical systems’ refer to the electrical power generation and distribution system.20 (b) Categories and Certification Privileges The required 6-month maintenance experience should be on aircraft structure. Category C personnel who also hold category B1 or B2 qualifications may perform both roles in base maintenance. any combination of categories may be granted. For initial licence issue. Refer to SAR 66 Appendix 3. Candidates may apply for such examinations using Form CAAS(AW)66-3.25 (a) 1 Basic Knowledge requirements Basic knowledge examinations may be attempted at the conclusion of each SAR-66 subject module of a CAAS approved basic training course. 15 August 2006 2-4 Issue 2 . The levels of knowledge are directly related to the complexity of certifications appropriate to the particular SAR. the applicant must demonstrate recent practical maintenance experience on operating aircraft and in the relevant (sub)category by submitting a schedule of experience (SOE) for the minimum number of days as shown below: (i) for category A or subcategory B1. Basic Knowledge requirements AMC 66. quality assurance. All aircraft maintenance licence applicants are required to provide a letter from their employer certifying that they meet the prescribed civil aircraft maintenance experience requirement in accordance with SAR-66. and be able to make the necessary recommendations to the Authority. While an applicant to a SAR-66 category C licence may be qualified by having 3 years experience as category B1 or B2 certifying staff only in line maintenance.4 licence – at least 180 days in the 1year period immediately preceding the date of application of an aircraft maintenance licence.30(a). including a minimum of 90 days on observation of base maintenance tasks in the 1-year Issue 2 2-5 15 August 2006 . the need for any examination will depend on the course curriculum undergone in relation to SAR-66 Appendix 1. maintenance planning. (iii) for category C licence via academic route – at least 180 days.2 or B1. 2 3 (ii) for category B2 or subcategory B1. unless the period between the two attempts is more than 3 months.25 (c) 1 For an applicant being a person qualified by holding an academic degree in an aeronautical.30 1 Experience requirements For a category C applicant holding an academic degree the representative selection of tasks should include the observation of hangar maintenance.25 (d) Basic Knowledge requirements (Barring period) A person who fails a basic knowledge examination subject in two consecutive attempts will be ineligible to apply for the same examination for a period of 3 months from the date of the last attempt. an Airworthiness Notice will be published to reflect the possible credits allowed under the specific course(s) of the polytechnic or university. it is however recommended that any applicant to a category C holding a B1 or B2 licence demonstrate at least 12 months experience as a B1 or B2 base maintenance support staff. mechanical or electronic engineering discipline from a recognised university or other higher educational institution. A SAR-145 approved maintenance organisation wishing to seek exemption against any SAR66 examination module(s) based on qualifications obtained from overseas universities or higher educational institution.SAR-66 SECTION 2 4 Category C certifying staff from the academic route must also meet the relevant level of basic knowledge for category B1 or B2. AMC 66. 2 3 AMC 66. should establish an acceptable system to evaluate such qualifications against the required training and examination curriculum. B1 or B2 support staff are those who ensure that all relevant tasks or inspections have been carried out to the required standard before the category C certifying staff issues the certificate of release to service. This can be demonstrated by passing the full complement of the basic knowledge examinations for either category. In addition. record-keeping. or qualifications based on Singapore GCE ‘O’ or ‘A’ level examinations. When such application has been concluded.3 licence – at least 360 days in the 2year period immediately preceding the date of application of an aircraft maintenance licence.1 or B1. Singapore polytechnics or universities with courses specially designed to meet the training and examination curriculum of SAR-66 may apply to the Authority for possible credits against relevant SAR-66 basic knowledge modules. approved spare parts control and engineering development. repair. involving the manufacture. (iv) for category C licence via B1 or B2 route – at least 180 days as a base maintenance support staff in the 1-year period immediately preceding the date of application for the extension of the aircraft maintenance licence. electrical or electronic equipment. For example. Such experience may be combined with approved training so that periods of training can be intermixed with periods of experience rather like the apprenticeship. No SOE is necessary but the employer must ensure compliance with this requirement when supporting any application for a category C licence. IEM 66.30 (d) Recent practical maintenance experience may be presented in a form of a schedule of experience (SOE). overhaul or inspection of mechanical. but the renewal fee for 24 months is payable. Recent practical maintenance experience is the experience gained in an appropriate (sub)category immediately before the date of application for an initial grant or extension of an aircraft maintenance licence.SECTION 2 SAR-66 period immediately preceding the date of application of an aircraft maintenance licence. all computations pertaining to the number of minimum workingday necessary to comply with a SOE requirement for a basic licence should be based on 180 days per year. Experience requirements 2 3 IEM 66. As a guide. AMC 66.30 (a) 1 Experience requirements Practical maintenance experience on operating aircraft means the experience of having actively participated in the carrying out of maintenance tasks on aircraft which are being operated by airlines. The training would include the use of tools and measuring devices. (v) for additional category/sub-category – SOE for the necessary duration indicated in Appendix 4 to SAR-66. acceptable to the Authority. a requirement for a 6-month of practical maintenance experience should be interpreted as a minimum of 90 days (180 days divided by 2) of SOE accumulated in the 6-month period immediately preceding the date application for a SAR-66 aircraft maintenance licence or its extension. Similarly. a requirement for a 2-year of recent practical maintenance experience should be interpreted as a requirement to demonstrate such experience in a SOE for a minimum of 360 days (180 days x 2) in the 2-year period immediately preceding the date of application for an aircraft maintenance licence. The point being to gain sufficient experience in the environment of commercial maintenance as opposed to only the training school environment.40 1 Continued validity of the aircraft maintenance licence The SAR-66 aircraft maintenance licence is only valid if issued and/or amended by the Authority and the holder has signed the document in ink after having checked the correctness of the information contained therein. A skilled worker is a person who has successfully completed a course of training. Note: Non-base maintenance tasks may be demonstrated with records of such tasks in a logbook which must be countersigned by the supervisor. 2 15 August 2006 2-6 Issue 2 . The time necessary for any additional classroom training should be added to the practical maintenance experience time. Persons applying for a SAR-66 aircraft maintenance licence should submit a compilation of such a schedule as part of the licence application. A licence which has lapsed for less than 24 months will only be renewed for the remaining period up to 24 months from the date of last expiry. 20 (b). The theory training is therefore not dissimilar to that required for the full licensed aircraft engineer type training in the relevant systems. Type/task training and ratings 2 AMC 66. that it is serviceable and shows that he or she can fit it and check its security and operation after fitment. If a technical log or other entry states that the aircraft pulls to the left. The practical training would need to establish the competence of the individual to correctly perform the required task. In granting the SAR-145 certification authorisation the SAR-145 approved maintenance organisation needs to be satisfied that the person holds a valid SAR-66 aircraft maintenance licence. and pay up the renewal fees in arrears for the elapsed time. but in any case. The theoretical training may require a degree of classroom training on the relevant aircraft systems for a particular type at ATA104 level 3. 2 3 (ii) Brake Unit change – This task is more complex and would require detailed theoretical knowledge in order to accomplish it.35. It should be noted however that it is not intended that the category A certifying staff replace brake units other than where there is an obvious leak or the unit is worn to limits (as evidenced by a brake wear indicator). The certification authorisation cannot be granted by the SAR-145 approved maintenance organisation until the individual has undertaken the required task specific training on the aircraft types that the licence holder is to be authorised upon and has met the additional requirements of SAR145. as a minimum.20 privileges is affected by maintenance experience as specified in SAR-66.20(a)(1).45 (a) 1 An individual holding a SAR-66 category A licence is eligible to hold an authorisation for one or more tasks.SAR-66 SECTION 2 3 Certifying staff should note that the renewal of a licence which has expired cannot be backdated and consequently any certifications made in the intervening period would be illegal. With regard to continued validity of the SAR-145 certification authorisation. the applicant must pass modules M09 (Human Factors) and M10 (Aviation Legislation). The revalidation will only be for the remainder of the last 2-year renewal cycle. The practical training should be relevant to the task and should allow the category A certifying staff to demonstrate that he or she can carry out the task and the associated function checks to permit the aircraft’s release to service. Specific task training on each aircraft type will be required reflecting the authorised task(s) as indicated under SAR-66. due consideration should be given to the currency of maintenance experience and training in accordance with SAR-145. but will not extend to any significant level of defect diagnosis. This reflects the category A certifying staff holding responsibility for making the same certifications as a licensed aircraft engineer would within the limits of the licence and corresponding authorisation. A licence which has lapsed for more than 24 months may only be revalidated after the licence holder has sat for and passed the examinations as determined necessary by the Authority. although a brake Issue 2 2-7 15 August 2006 . Continued validity of the aircraft maintenance licence 4 IEM 66. theoretical training in this case would be straightforward and may be limited to the orientation of the belt and the reasons for it. This should include the ability to establish the belt to be fitted is the correct part number (and modification standard). Consider the following examples: (i) Passenger Seat Belt change – given the simplicity of the task. The category A task training requires both theoretical and practical training as appropriate to the task to be authorised. Satisfactory completion of training may be demonstrated by an examination and/or by workplace assessment carried out by an appropriately approved SAR-145 or CAAS approved training organisation. The SAR-145 approved maintenance organisation issues the SAR-145 certification authorisation when satisfied that compliance has been established with the appropriate paragraphs of SAR-145 and SAR-66.40 1 Validity of the SAR-66 aircraft maintenance licence is not affected by recency of maintenance experience whereas the validity of the SAR-66. Anti-skid systems may have to be disturbed. If there is a problem with the operational checks a licensed aircraft engineer must be summoned. 4 Tasks should be performed three times or more until competence is established. including the engines. Limited avionics system training should be included in the category B1 type training as the B1 privileges include the replacement of avionic line replaceable units. interior and applicable components. but this can be reduced to a minimum of 2 weeks for applicant with such previous experience. and known human factors issues associated with the particular aircraft type. Knowledge is also recommended of relevant inspections and limitations as applicable to the effects of environmental factors such as cold and hot climates. When the task training is complete. Where the individual wishes to progress onto a similar task on another aircraft the process must be repeated unless it can be demonstrated that the tasks is in all respects the same to that already held. The practical training needs to reflect the practical ability and competence to do the job. the individual must also demonstrate an understanding of the organisation’s procedures and the paperwork control systems that are in use before being authorised. significant airworthiness directives and/or service bulletins. systems. Brake fans may have to be disturbed. including training in the systems in use for technical manuals and maintenance procedures. e. A brake change is normally associated with other maintenance tasks.g. The course should also take into account the following: (a) (b) (c) (d) 2 in service experience on the aircraft type. A wheel has to be removed and refitted. Theoretical training should be supported by training aids such as aircraft system components.SECTION 2 SAR-66 change might rectify the problem the category A certifying staff cannot diagnose this fault. Electrical systems should be included in the type training for both categories B1 and B2.45 (d) Type/task training and ratings 1 The training should give adequate detailed theoretical knowledge of the aircraft. its main parts. The practical training must comprise a period of 4 months (minimum of 80 working days) for applicants with no recent recorded previous practical experience of aircraft of comparable construction and systems. This should cover those procedures that are both general and type specific as relevant to the task authorisation being issued. Hydraulic systems have to be disconnected. moisture. a brake unit change on several Airbus models may be the same but it does vary significantly to the same task on an aircraft of Boeing manufacture. equipment. Ground simulator time. engine ground running and computer based training (CBT) etc may also be utilised. Where the practical training element is conducted by or under the responsibility of the training 3 4 5 6 15 August 2006 2-8 Issue 2 . The theoretical training required therefore should cover the scope of the operational systems noted above (those shown are not necessarily exhaustive) to the ATA104 level 3 depth to the point where the category A certifying staff understands the systems and their operation and can check them after he or she has completed the task without further reference to a licensed aircraft engineer. etc. The task authorisation when issued should show the individual tasks that are authorised as well as the relevant aircraft types. A programme of structured on-job-training (OJT) may be prepared to satisfy the practical training requirement. feedback from in-service difficulties/occurrence reporting etc. wind. 5 AMC 66. There may also be a need to disassemble hydraulic pipeline and electrical cabling runs. if required. The individual practical training records should be designed in a manner that they demonstrate compliance with the detailed practical training syllabus. The individual practical training records should be designed in a manner that they demonstrate compliance with the detailed practical training syllabus. Some examples of differences may include. adjustments. perform removal and replacement of components and modules unique to type. under its own responsibility. etc. The list of tasks should be accepted directly for each individual – depending on the individual’s previous experience. but are not limited to. significant structural differences. rigging and functional checks such as engine run. Where the practical training element is conducted by a maintenance organisation approved under SAR-145.SAR-66 SECTION 2 organisation under a SAR-147 approval or a direct type course approval. The duration of the practical type training element should take into account significant differences between types and be acceptable to the Authority. for the type of aircraft. Such records may take the form of an individual training logbook. While it is not feasible to establish a formula giving the required training duration in all cases. replacements. The agreement on the practical training contents and duration should be reached before the training starts. 7 Before grant of the aircraft type. and correctly use specialist/special tooling and test equipment. repairs. inspections and routine work according to the maintenance manual and other relevant instructions and tasks. The means by which the practical element is supervised and the control of the standard should be acceptable to the Authority. as appropriate. These differences will require considerably more practical training for certifying staff that are not familiar with the new techniques and technologies. its acceptance by the Authority should be supported by a detailed syllabus showing its content and duration. glass cockpit avionics. in the case of a structured OJT.45 (d) 1 Type/task training and ratings The required duration of practical training must be accepted on a case by case basis by the Authority prior to the type rating endorsement. The logbook should be designed such that tasks may be countersigned by the SAR-147 school or other course provider. the applicant should be able to: (a) demonstrate by knowledge examination a detailed understanding of applicable systems. In this case the maintenance organisation approved under SAR-145 should provide applicants for a type rating a logbook indicating a list of tasks to be performed under supervision. it should be considered as part of the approved course and as such. its acceptance by the Authority should be supported by a detailed syllabus showing its content and duration. In all cases the practical element should include an acceptable cross section of maintenance tasks. the practical training element may consist of a structured OJT programme. the following elements: Fly by wire. which. correctly use all technical literature and documentation for the aircraft. for example troubleshooting. ensure safe performance of maintenance. or indirectly through the acceptance of a procedure giving delegation to the maintenance organisation. their operation and maintenance. The logbook should be designed such that tasks may be countersigned by the supervisor. the following may be used as guidelines: 2 Issue 2 2-9 15 August 2006 . etc. (b) (c) (d) IEM 66. including any on-wing maintenance activity. can be tailored to accommodate the operating profile of the SAR-145 organisation whilst also supplementing the theoretical course elements. Alternatively. For the first aircraft type of each manufacturer group. AMC 66.45 (h) Type/task training and ratings 1 Type experience should cover an acceptable cross section of tasks from Appendix 5 to this SAR-66.SECTION 2 SAR-66 (a) For a first type training course with no recent recorded maintenance experience.45(d) specifies a practical training duration between 2 weeks and 4 months. . 4 months (minimum of 80 working days) of practical training on specific aircraft type is required. . at a minimum. EFIS (Electronic flight instrument system). It should be noted however that while AMC 66.the quality of the practical experience. in the case of a structured OJT performed at line stations. or equivalent within base maintenance. In either case the organisation must establish an acceptable system to determine and ensure that the practical training is sufficient in content and duration with respect to a particular target population. variable pitch propeller. 4 Except in those cases where the SAR-147 organisation determines the practical training required it is the responsibility of the maintenance organisation to determine that the duration of practical training commensurates with the candidates’ experience.45 (g) Type/task training and ratings 1 “Aircraft types representative of a group” means that: . . pressurisation. AMC 66. etc. Some factors that may lead to a reduction in the maximum duration of 4 months practical training required are as follows: . These tasks should reflect.g. at least 50% of the Appendix 5 tasks. (b) 3 The minimum 2 weeks practical training is normally required for all type training courses.for the B1 category the aircraft type should include typical systems and engines relevant to the group (e. .recency on type.45 (e) Category C certifying staff may not carry out the duties of category B1 or B2.experience on aircraft type of a similar technology. retractable undercarriage. for the single piston engine metal subgroup) and. full authority digital engine control (FADEC). A proportionate amount of practical training should be included in the case of a differences or bridging type course.g. unless they hold the relevant B1 or B2 category and have passed type training corresponding to the relevant B1 or B2 category. construction and systems including engines. etc. flight guidance systems. Type/task training and ratings AMC 66.the quantity of the practical experience.for the B2 category the aircraft type should include complex avionics systems such as radio coupled autopilot. those tasks specified by the practical training needs matrix developed by the organisation approved under SAR-147. line maintenance environment with one aircraft per week would permit limited experience compared with the constant base maintenance check environment. due to the occasional unavailability of aircraft. 2 A “multiple engines” group automatically includes the corresponding “single engine” group. as applicable to the concerned aircraft type and licence category should be performed. For example experience gained will depend upon the environment e. 15 August 2006 2-10 Issue 2 . its duration may need to be extended in order to fulfill the required list of supervised tasks. The type of tasks carried out. 2 3 4 5 Issue 2 2-11 15 August 2006 . this should be reduced to 20%. In the context of this SAR-66. which has been shown to exhibit adverse side effects.65 Revocation. Evidence of qualification 2 3 4 IEM 66.55 Authorised person means any person who is required to establish that the holder has a valid SAR66 aircraft maintenance licence including the scope of such licence. Failed to carry out required maintenance resulting from own inspection combined with failure to report such fact to the organisation for whom the maintenance was intended to be carried out. which affect the decision making ability of the user.60 Equivalent safety cases All proposed equivalent safety cases should be submitted to the Authority for consideration as an acceptable case. Reasonable time means within 2 working days. Failed to carry out requested maintenance combined with failure to report such fact to the organisation that requested the maintenance. including colour vision.SAR-66 SECTION 2 For the second aircraft type of each manufacturer group. or medicines. this may be reduced to 30%. particularly in operational attitudes or any relevant personality factor. suspend or limit a SAR-66 aircraft maintenance licence if the person has knowingly carried out or involved in one or more of the following activities: 1 Obtained the SAR-66 aircraft maintenance licence and/or the SAR-145 certification authorisation by falsification of submitted evidence. Eyesight. Medical fitness IEM 66. suspension or limitation of the SAR-66 aircraft maintenance licence The Authority may revoke. mental condition means psychological integrity. For subsequent aircraft types of each manufacturer group. should be administered according to medical advice. AMC 66. 2 Type experience should be demonstrated by the submission of records of practical experience showing the SAR-66 Appendix 5 tasks performed by the applicant. Authorised persons include the SAR-145 approved maintenance organisation for qualifying the holder for issue/amendment of the SAR-145 certification authorisation and any officer of the Authority. including those used for the treatment of a disease or disorder. Negligent maintenance. Falsification of maintenance records. No other drugs should be used. is particularly important in this respect. It is the responsibility of all certifying staff to ensure that they are not adversely affected. IEM 66. Certifying staff are responsible for ensuring that their physical condition does not adversely affect their ability to satisfactorily certify the work for which they are responsible.50 1 Medical opinion considers that alcohol present in the blood stream in any quantity affects the ability to make decisions. The use of any legally administered drug. 7 15 August 2006 2-12 Issue 2 .SECTION 2 SAR-66 6 Issuing a certificate of release to service knowing that the maintenance specified on the certificate of release to service has not been carried out or without verifying that such maintenance has been carried out. Carrying out maintenance or issuing a certificate of release to service when adversely affected by alcohol or drugs.