Sapthati Book Prof. George Menachery Vithayathil Pawathil Thazhath Chittilappilly Neelakavil Mundadan Ponnumuthan

12 3 EZHUPATHU VASANTHANGAL Souvenir of the SAPTHATHI OF Chev. Prof. GEORGE MENACHERY Released on 6 April 2008 Printed at : MMB Offset Printers, Mariapuram 680 014 Type setting: K. O. Francis, Thiroor. Layout: Smriti, Trichur Published by: The Sapthathi Samithi Price : Rs. 100 Editor : Prof. A. M. Francis (Principal, St. Thomas’ College Trichur) Associate Editor: Rev. Bro. Louis Manjaly MMB (Editor, Maryvijayam Magazine) 4 C O N T E N TS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22 23 5 Editorial – Prof. A.M. Francis - 5 Cardinal Vithayathil - 9 Mar Powathil - 10 Mar Thazhath - 11 Mar Aprem - 14 Mar Pazhayattil - 17 Mar Chittilappilly - 18 Mar Pastor Neelankavil - 22 Fr. Albert Nambiaparampil - 24 Fr. Manikkathan CMI - 26 Sadhu Ittiyavirah - 28 Dr. J. Vellian - 30 Dr. Puthezhath Ramachandran - 32 Fr. Selvister Ponnumuthan - 34 Dr. Jose Thachil - 36 Sr. Cleopatra - 38 Fr. Francis Thonippara - 39 Fr. J. Thachil - 41 Dalithabandhu N.K. Jose - 44 Fr. Isaac Alappatt - 46 Dr. N.J. Francis - 48 Dr. A.M. Mundadan - 54 Prof. V.A. Varghese - 57 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. Dr. K.K. Rahulan - 60 Velayudhan Panikkassery - 64 Joseph Munjely - 66 Dr. Tholoor Sasidharan - 69 Cherian Kunianthodath - 73 Dr. K.M. Tome - 75 Dr. George Irumpayam - 78 Babu Velappaya - 80 Varghese Angamaly - 82 C.K. Girijakumar - 85 Fr. George Edakkalathur - 89 Mathew Madukkakuzhy - 91 Tom Jose Angamaly - 94 Jose Chittilappilly - 96 George Emmatty - 98 Baby Mookken - 100 Dominic Akkara - 102 Fr. Mundassery - 105 Fr. Paul Pulikken - 110 Henry Brownrigg, London - 112 Fr. Joseph Thondiparambil - 113 Mathew Plathottam - 115 Sr. Franco - 117 Bro. Louis Manjaly - 118 Dr. E. J. Thomas - 124 Sr. Osburga CMC - 126 Dr. E.J. James - 129 Fr. Jacob Areanatt - 134 V.G. Varghese - 135 Basil Davis U.S.A. - 138 John Kachiramattom - 139 Thanks - 145 6 Ncn-{X-Im-c≥, ]fin-X≥, IemkmwkvIm-cnI {]h¿Ø-I≥ F∂o hyXykvX tdmfp-I-fn¬ Ime- Ø ns‚ IpXn- ∏ p- I ƒ°n- S - b nepw InXbv°mØ Hcp hy‡-n{]-`-bpsS kv^pc-W-ambn \ne-sIm-≈p-I-bmWv s{]m^. tPm¿÷v ta\mt®-cn. GXm≠p Ac-\q-‰m-≠p-Imew tIc-fØns‚ s]mXp-th-bpw Xriq-cns‚ {]tXy-In®pw kmwkvIm-cnI afi-e-Ønepw ]finX kZ pIfnepw ss{Ikv X h k`- b nepw CXc {]h¿Ø\taJ-e-I-fnepw \nd™p \n∂ Hcp hy‡n-Xz-amWv s{]m^. ta\m-t®-cn. N¿®v lnÃdn Atkm- k n- t b- j ≥ Hm^v C¥y, sNss∂-bnse C≥Ãn-‰yq´v Hm^v Gjy≥ ÃUokv, tIcf tÉv B¿°ntbmfPn t_m¿Uvv, kmlnXy A°m-Z-an, tImgn-t°mSv k¿∆-I-emime sk\- ‰ v , t_m¿Uv Hm^v ÃUo- k v , {InkvXy≥ ]T\ sNb¿, Xriq¿ AXn-cq-]X Aflmb t\XrXz ]cn-io-e-\-tI-{µw, tIcf lnÃdn Atkm-kn-tb-j≥, tIcf Ncn{X KthjW kanXn ˛ Ch-sb√mw At±-l-Øns‚ {]h¿Ø- \ - a - fi - e - ß - f n¬ Nne- X p- a m- { Xw. ss{Ikv X h k`- b p- a mbn _‘- s ∏´ tIc- f Ønse BZysØ ayqknbw \n¿Ωn- X nbpw ss{Ikv X h Ie- I - f psS t{]m’m- l - \ hpw {]tXyIw kvacn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. ]e ÿm]-\ß-fpsS cq]o-IcWØn\pw ]n∂oSv Ah-sb√mw - - henb {]ÿm-\-ß-fm°n am‰m\pw s{]m^. 7 s{]m^. F. Fw.{^m≥kokv ta\m-t®-cn°p Ign-™n-´p-≠v. s{]m^. ta\m-t®-cn-bpsS k]vXXn-bpsS `mK-ambn At±-lØns‚ Hm¿Ω A\-iz-cam-°p-IbmWv Cu kvac-WnI-bpsS e£yw. ta\m-t®-cn-km-dns‚ _lp-ap-J{]-Xn-`-bpsS Aev]w Nne Awi-sa-¶nepw CXn-eqsS ]pd-ØpsIm-≠p-h-cm≥ klm-bn°pw F∂mWv Rß-fpsS {]Xo-£. Xriq¿ sk‚ v. tXmakv tImtf-Pn¬ Cw•ojv hn`mKw A≤ym-]I\mbn HutZym-KnI PohnXw Bcw-`n® s{]m^. ta\m- t®cn C∂p Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂Xp Hcp {]ikvX k`m-N-cn-{X-Im-c≥ F∂ \ne-bn-em-Wv. At±lw FUn‰v sNbvX ""{InkvXy≥ F≥ssk-t¢m-]o-Unb'' am{Xw aXn B {]Xn-`-bpsS am‰p- hnfn®-dn-bn°m≥. At±-l-Øns‚ k`-tbm-Sp≈ \n o-a-amb tkh\- ß sf ap≥\n¿Øn Cu ASpØ ImeØp At±- l sØ k`bpsS tbm≤mhv (sj-h-en-b¿) F∂ ]´w \¬In am¿]m∏ BZ-cn-®p. s{]m^. ta\m-t®-cn-bpsS Hcp h¿jw \o≠p-\n∂ k]vXXn-bpsS ]cy-h-km-\-am-bn-´mWv Cu kvac-WnI ]pd-Øn-d-ßp-∂Xv. C°-gn™ Hcp h¿jw apgp-h\pw sshhn-[y-am¿∂ ]cn-]mSn-Iƒ sIm≠p \nd-™p-\n-∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p k]vX-Xn-bm-tLm-jw. bph-Xsb ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-\-Øn-te°pw kmln-Xym-`n-cp-Nn-bnte°pw \bn-°p∂ ]{X-{]-h¿Ø\ inev]-im-e, Nn{X-c-N\m ssh`hw ]pd-sØ-Sp-°m≥ klm-bn-°p∂ Nn{X-Iem inev]-ime, Ncn-{Xhpw kwkvIm-chpw Du´n-bp-W¿Øp-∂-Xn\v Ncn-{X-skan-\mdpw {]Z¿i-\-hpw, kwKo-X-Øns‚ k¿§m-fl-IX shfn-s∏Sp-Øp∂ kwKo-XsØIpdn-®p≈ skan-\m¿ ˛ Ah-bn¬ NneXp-am-{Xw. sshhn[yw sIm≠pw kwLm-SIan-Ihp-sIm≠pw anI- - ®p-\n∂ Hcp k]vX-Xn-bm-tLm-jw. Cu kvac-WnI Hm¿Ω-IfpsS Hcp NnI-s™-Sp-°emWv. s{]m^. ta\m-t®cn F∂ hm‹nbpw Ncn-{X-Im-c-\p-amb _lpapJ {]Xn-`sb XnI®pw hyXy-kvXamb coXn-bn¬ ImWp-hm\pw a\- n-em-°p-hm\pw Cu {]Xn-`sb `mhn-X-e-ap-dbv°v ]cn-N-bs∏-Sp-Øm\pw D]-Icn-°p-∂XmWv Cu kvac-WnI ˛ Xo¿®-bmbpw Ncn-{X-Ønepw Ie-bnepw kmwkvIm-cnI taJ-e-bnepw Hc-≤ym]-I≥ F∂ \ne-bnepw At±-l-Øns‚ kw`m-h\Isf \n m-cambn ImWp-hm≥ km[n-°n-√. Ch-sb√mw Hm¿Ω-bpsS sNt∏Sn¬\n∂pw ]pd-Øp-sIm-≠p-h-cp-hm-\mWv Cu kvac-Wn-I-bnse Hmtcm teJ-\-ßfpw {ian-°p-∂-Xv. shdpw Ipsd teJ-\-ß-fneqsS s{]m^. ta\m-t®-cn-bpsS kw`-h-_-lp-e-amb PohnXw kwt£-]n-°pI F∂Xp {ia-I-c-am-Wv. F∂n-cp-∂mepw tIc8 fsØ Ipdn-®pw, ss{IkvXh k`-sb-Ip-dn®pw, {]tXy-In®pw Xriq¿ Hcp kmwkvIm-cnI Xe-ÿm-\am-°p-∂Xn\pw C\nbpw hf-sc-b[nIw kz]v\-߃ Xmtem-en-°p∂ s{]m^. ta\m-t®-cn-bpsS k]vX-XnbpsS Hcp Ffnb D]-lm-cam-bn-´p-am{Xw Cu kvac-Wn-Isb I≠m¬ aXn. Cu kvac-WnI bmYm¿∞y-am-°m≥ CXns‚ ]n∂n¬ {]h¿Øn® At\Iw hy‡n-Ifp-≠v. Ah-scsb√mw Cu Ah-kc-Øn¬ {]tXyIw A\p-kva-cn-°p-∂p, {]Xy-In®pw Cu kvac-Wn-IbpsS kl FUn-‰¿ Bbn {]h¿Øn® dh. {_. fqbnkv a™fnsbbpw, teJ-\-߃ FgpXn X∂-h-scbpw \µn-tbmsS Hm¿°p∂p. Cu kvac-W-nI-bpsS Ih¿Nn{Xw Unssk≥ sNbvX A¬ Pkodbnse _nPphnt\mSpw ]pkv X Iw Unssk≥ sNbv X kvarXnbnse tUhnUnt\mSpw F√m-Øn-\p-ap-]-cn-bmbn IrXy-k-abØp Xs∂ at\m-l-c-ambn A®-Sn®p klm-bn-® acnbm]pcw bqWnb≥ {] v {]h¿ØItcmSpw {]tXyIw \µn ]d-bp-∂p. s{]m^. F. Fw. {^m≥kokv FUn-‰¿. 9 k]vXXn kanXn (FIvknIyq´ohv) tUm. s{]m^. ]n.hn. IrjvW≥ \mb¿ sNb¿am≥ s{]m^. F. Fw. {^m≥kokv {]n≥kn∏mƒ, sk‚ v tXmakv tImtfPv, Xriq¿ sshkv sNb¿am≥ s{]m^. hn.]n. tPm¨kv h¿°nßv sNb¿am≥ s{]m^. hn.F. h¿Kokv sP\d¬ I¨ho\¿ s{]m^. sI.kn. Pbnwkv tPm. sP\d¬ I¨ho\¿ {io. t__n aq°≥ tPm. sP\d¬ I¨ho\¿ {io tUhokv IÆwºpg {Sjd¿ 10 I¿±n-\mƒ h¿°n hnX-b-Øn¬ kotdm-a-e-_m¿ k`-bpsS t{ijvTsa{Xm-t∏m-eoØ Ign™ A©p Zi-I-ß-fnse _lp-apJ{]h¿Ø-\-ß-fm¬ tIc-fØnepw `mc-XØnepw am{X-a√, A¥¿t±-iob Xe-Ønepw Adn-bs∏-Sp∂ Hcp k`mkvt\lnbpw Ncn-{Xm-t\z-jnbpw Iem-kzm-Z-I-\p-amWv s{]m^. tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®-cn. tIc-f-k-`-bp-sSbpw `mc-X-k-`-bp-sSbpw X\n-abpw ]mc-º-cyhpw ]fin-X-k-a£w Ah-X-cn-∏n®v {]iwk t\Sn-bn-´p≈ al¬hy‡n-bmWv At±-lw. sk‚ v tXmakv {InkvXy≥ F≥ssk-t¢m]o-Unb Hm^v C¥y, C¥y≥ N¿®v lnÃdn ¢mkn-Ivkv, Zn \{km-Wo-kv, tXmam-]o-Unb XpS-ßnb {KŸ-ßfn-eqsS `mc-Xss{I-kvXhkaq-lØns‚ {]uVnbpw al-Xzhpw temI-Øn\p t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-Sp-°p-hm≥ At±l-Øn\p Ign-™p. At±-lsØ-°p-dn®p ]d-bp-tºmƒ, Hcp hnZKv[kwLØn\v Gsd-°mew sIm≠v t¢in-®p-am{Xw \n¿∆-ln-°m-hp∂ _rl-Ømb _u≤nItkh\w GI-\mbn {lkz-Imew sIm≠v \nd-th‰n F∂p ]d-bp∂Xv hfsc icn-bm-bn-cn-°pw. CXn-\-v At±-l-Øn\v {]tNm-Z-\-am-bXv ASßmØ k`m-kvt\-lhpw \ΩpsS ]mc-ºcy-ßfnepw Ncn-{X-]camb ]ucm- Wn-I-X-bnepw D≈ Bg-ta-dnb A`n-am-\-hp-am-Wv. k]vX-Xn-bpsS \nd-hn-¬ F-Øn-bn-cn-°p∂ s{]m^. tPm¿÷v ta\mt®-cn°v Fs‚ lrZbw \nd™ {]m¿∞-\m-iw-k-Iƒ t\cp-∂p. Fgp]Xp h¿j-°mewsIm≠v sNbvXpXo¿Ø al-Ømb kwcw-`-ß-tf-°mƒ ]Xn-∑-Sßv al-Xz-ta-dnb tkh-\-߃ ImgvN-sh-°m≥ At±-l-Øn\v C\nbpw km[n-°s´ F∂p {]m¿∞n-°p-∂p. k]vXXn BtLm-j߃°v F√m hnP-b-ßfpw t\cp-∂p. 11 Message Message B¿®v_nj∏v am¿ tPmk^v ]∆Øn¬ k]vX-Xn-bpsS kwXr]vXn s{]m^. tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®-cn-bp-ambn F\n°v Gsd ASpØp ]cn-N-b-aps≠∂p ]d-bm-\m-hn-√. ktΩ-f\ßfnepw s]mXpthZn-Ifn-ep-am-bmWv R߃ - - I≠p-ap-´n-bn-´p-≈-Xv. Npcp°w Nne kµ¿`-ß-fn¬ ASpØncp∂p kwkm-cn°m≥ Ah-kcw In´n-bn-´p-ap≠v. Hcp ZuXy-t_m-[-ap≈ hy‡n-bm-bn-´mWv F\n°v At±-lsØ ImWm≥ Ign-bp-I. _u≤n-I-cw-K-Øp≈ t{]jn-X-{]-h¿Ø-\-Øn¬ At±lw Gsd {]m[m\yw \¬In-bn-´p-≠v. {]tXy-In®pw Ncn-{X-cw-K-Øn-\mWv At±lw Gsd Du∂¬ \¬In-bn-´p-≈-Xv. Chn-sS-bm-Wt√m tIc-fo-b-cpsS ]cm-[o-\-X-bpw. ]t£ \ΩpsS Bfl-hn-izmkw hf¿Øp-∂-Xn\v icn-bmb Ncn{Xmh-t_m[w IqSntb Xocq. ]e Ncn{XtcJ-Iƒ Is≠-Øm\pw Ahsb ASn-ÿm-\-am°n {KŸ-߃ cNn®v s]mXp-P-\sØ {]_p-≤-am-°m\pw At±-l-Øn\p Ign-™n´p-≠-v. am¿tØmΩm {InkvXym-\n-I-sf-°p-dn®p Hcp hn⁄m-\-tImiw cq]-s∏-SpØpI F∂Xv Gsd {ia-I-c-amb ]cn-{i-a-am-sW∂v \ap-°-dn-bmw. F¶nepw Aß-s\-sbmcp ]cn-{i-aØn\p BZy-ambn apXn¿∂Xv s{]m^. tPm¿÷v ta\mt®-cn-bm-Wv. CXv Xo¿®-bmbpw am¿tØmam {InkvXym-\n-Iƒ°p hen-sbmcp apX¬Iq´m-Wv. ka-{K-amb coXn-bn¬ am¿tØmΩm {InkvXym-\n-Isf a\- nem-°m≥ Cu {KŸw Gsd klm-b-I-amIpw. Cß-s\-sbmcp {KŸw ]pXnb Xe-ap-dbv°v hen-sbmcp A\p-{K-l-am-Wv. kaq-l-Øn-\p-th≠n ]eXpw sNbvXp F∂ Nmcn-Xm¿∞y-tØmsS s{]m^. tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®cnbv°v k]vXXn BtLm-jn-°m≥ Ign-bpw. Cubh-k-c-Øn¬ At±-l-Øns‚ kplr-Øp-°ƒ tN¿∂v Hcp kvac-WnI {]kn≤o-I-cn-°p-∂Xv XnI®pw kap-Nn-X-am-Wv. Cu {KŸ-w At\-I¿°v {]tNm-Z-\am-Ip-sa∂p Icp-Xp-∂p. k]vXXn BtLm-jn-°p∂ s{]m^. tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®-cn°v Biw-kIƒ. kaq-l-Øn¬ IqSp-X¬ kw`m-h-\-Iƒ C\nbpw \¬Im≥ ssZhw At±lsØ A\p-{K-ln-°-s´. kvac-Wn-I-bpsS {]km-[-I¿°pw A`n-\-µ-\-߃. 12 am¿ B≥{Uqkv XmgØv Xriq¿ AXn-cq-]X sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØ Xr-iq¿ AXn-cq-]-Xbpw s{]m^. tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®-cnbpw kotdm ˛ ae-_m¿ k`-bpsS DØ-a-]p-{X-\mb s{]m^. tPm¿÷v ta\mt®-cn°v CuønsS _\-UnIv‰v 16-˛ma≥ am¿∏m∏bn¬\n∂v sjh-en-b¿ ÿm\w e`n-®-Xn¬ lm¿±-amb A`n-\-µ-\߃ t\cp-∂p. ]ucm-WnIhpw D∂X ss{IkvXh ]mc-º-cy-ap≈Xpamb H√q¿ F-cnt™cn ta\m-t®cn IpSpw-_-Øn¬ ]nd∂ At±lw k`m-X-e-Ønepw Ncn{X-˛km-aq-ly-˛kmw-kv°m-cnI˛]p-cm-hkvXp˛Kth-jWcwK-ßfnepw hfsc sshZ-Kv[yhpw A\p-`h kº-Øpap≈ hy‡n-bm-Wv. sk‚ v tXmakv tImsf-Pn¬ Rm≥ hnZym¿∞n-bm-bn-cn-°-tºmƒ apX¬ F\n°v At±lsØ ]cn-N-b-ap-≠v. tdman¬ tPm¨ t]mƒ c≠m-a≥ am¿∏m-∏-bpsS ÿm\m-tcm-lWth-fbn¬ tIc-fØnse Hcp ]{X-Øns‚ {]Xn-\n-[n-bmbn - At±lw ]s¶-Sp-Ø-t∏mgpw F\n°v At±-l-hp-ambn _‘-s∏-Sp-hm≥ km[n-®p. At±-l-Øns‚ k`m-hn-⁄m-\n-b-sØ-∏-‰n-bp≈ Adnhp IqSpX¬ a\- n-em-°m≥ Ign-™Xv At∏m-gm-bncp∂p. 1983˛¬ Xr-iq¿ ssa\¿ skan-\m-cn-bn¬ Rm≥ {]os^-IvSmbpw _nj∏vkv lukn¬ sk{I-´-dn-bmbpw tkh-\-a-\p-jvTn°p-tºmƒ At±l-hp-ambn IqSp-X¬ ASp-Øn-S-]-g-Im≥ km[n-®p. Xriq¿ AXn-cq-]Xm ]mÃd¬ Iu¨kn¬ AwK-sa∂ \ne-bnepw Ncn{X ]fin-X-s\∂ \nebnepw At±lw cq]Xm{]h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS ap∂-Wn-bn-emWv \ne-sIm-≠ncp-∂-Xv. 1-978˛se \ho-I-c-W-h¿j-Ønepw 1983˛se hnizmk{]Jym-]\ dmenbnepw 1986 se am¿∏m∏m kµ¿i\ thZnbnepw At±lw kmwkv°mcnI ss]XrI Sm_vtfm-Iƒ Ah-Xcn∏n-®v B ]cn-]m-Sn-Isf IqSp-X¬ 13 Message anI-hp-‰-Xm-°n. Xriq¿ eq¿±v IØo-{U¬ ]≈n-tbm-S-\p-_-‘n®v Ncn-{Xayq-knbw Bcw-`n-®-Xn\pw ]≈n-°-e-I-fpsS t^mt´m-Ifpw ]pcm-X-\-amb a‰p ]S-ßfpw sa{Xm-k\ aµncØn¬ ÿm-]n®v IqSp-X¬ {it≤-bam°nØo¿Ø-Xn\pw At±-l-tØmSv \Ωƒ IS-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p. sk‚ v tXmakv F≥ssk-t¢m-]o-Unbm Hm^v C¥ybpw a‰p {]mamWnI {KŸ-ßfpw cNn-®-Xnepw ]≈n-°-e-Ifpw Ncn-{Xhpw kwkv°m-cn-Ihp-am-bp≈ hnjbßfnepap≈ At±-l-Øns‚ AKm[ ]mfin-Xyhpw kmwkv°m-cnI ss]Xr-I-߃ hcpwXe-ap-d-bv°p-th≠n Icp-Xn-h-bv°m\p≈ At±-l-Øns‚ Xo£vWX hy‡-am-°p-∂p. kz¥w t]m°-‰n¬\n∂p-t]mepw ]Ww sNe-hm°n k`-bv°p-th≠n {]b-Xv\n-°m-\p≈ At±lØns‚ Bflm¿∞-Xbpw \nkzm¿∞-Xbpw AwKo-I-cn-°msX \nhr-Ønbn-√. tPm¨ t]mƒ c≠m-a≥ am¿∏m-∏-bpsS Xriq¿ kµ¿i-\-th-f-bn¬ (1986) ta\m-t®cn kmdp-ambn IpSp-X¬ ASp-Øp- {]-h¿Øn-°m≥ F\n°p km[n-®p. tkmh-\o¿ IΩn-‰n-bn¬ Rßfncp-hcpw AwK-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p. tkmh-\o¿ AXnat\m-l-c-ambn {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°m≥ {][m-\-Im-cWw s{]m^. tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®-cn-bpsS Bflm¿∞-amb ITn-\m-≤zm-\-am-Wv. cq]-Xbv°v sNbvX tkh-\-߃ ap∏Xp h¿j-ambn s{]m^. tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®cn Xriq¿ AXn-cq-]Xm ]mÃ-d¬ Iu¨kn¬ AwK-ambn {]h¿Øn-®p-h-cp-∂p. AXn-cq-]-X-bpsS Ncn{X˛kmwkv°m-cnI kanXn-bn¬ At±lw ÿncmw-K-am-Wv. k`m-{]h¿Ø-\-߃°v G‰hpw \qX-\hpw ]fin-tXm-Nn-Xhpw {]mtbm-Kn-I-hpamb Bi-b-߃ \¬In-bn-´p≈ hy‡n-bmWv At±-lw. Xriq-cnse A¬amb t\XrXz ]cn-io-e-\-tI-{µ-Øn¬ F°m-ehpw ap≥\n-c-bn¬ \n∂p {]h¿Øn-®p-h-cp-∂ kmc-Yn-bmWv At±lw. Xriq¿ AXn-cq-]XbpsS kmwkv°m-cnI hn`m-Kamb Iem-kZs‚ ÿm]-\Ønepw - hf¿®-bnepw AwK-sa∂ \ne-bnepw {]kn-U≠v F∂ \ne-bnepw At±l-Øns‚ ]¶v \nkvXp-eam-Wv. ]Øp- h¿jw At±lw Iem-kZs‚ {]knU-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. kotdm˛ae-_m¿ k`-bpsS kmwkv°m-cnIss]XrIw ImØp-kq-£n°p-∂Xn-\p-th≠n G‰hpw A[nIw ]cn-{i-an-®n-´p≈ Aevambt\Xm-hmWv s{]m^. tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®-cn. kotdm˛ae-_m¿ en‰¿Pn-°¬ sk‚-dnt\m-Sp- tN¿∂v, au≠v sk‚ v tXma-kn¬ {InkvXy≥ ayqkn-bhpw ]me-bqcn¬ {InkvXy≥ ayqkn-bhpw cp]-s∏-Sp-ØnbXns‚ {][m-\inev]n tPm¿÷v amjm-Wv. ]e ssZhm-ebß-fn-sebpw ]pcm-X\Iemcq-]߃ ImØpkq£n-°p- - - - 14 ∂-Xn\pw ]pXnb ]≈n-°eIƒ cq]o-Icn-°p-∂Xn\pw amÿ F∂pw ZØ- {i-≤\m-bn-cp-∂p. am¿tØm-am {InkvXym-\n-IfpsS Ncn-{XsØIpdn®v ]T\w \S-Øp∂ B[p-\nI Kth-j-I-cn¬ ap≥]-¥n-bn¬ \n¬°p∂ BfmWv At±-lw. ]e Imeß-fnepw tZi-ßfnepw ]e-hn[ thZn-Ifnepw At±lw Ah-X-cn-∏n-®n-´p≈ {]_-‘-߃ \nc-h-[n-bm-Wv. ]e skan-\m-cn-I-fnepw At±lw ]≈n-°-e-I-sf-Ip-dn®pw kmwkv°mcnI ss]Xr-I-sØ-°p-dn®pw At\Ih¿j-ßfmbn ]-Tn-∏n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. ]pdw-cm-Py-ß-fn¬ kotdm ae-_m¿ k`-bpsS kmwkv°m-cnI Aw_mkn-U¿ F∂v amÃsd \ymb-ambpw hnti-jn-∏n-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. Ct∏mƒ hØn-°m-\n¬\n∂v \¬Is∏´n-cn-°p∂ sjh-en-b¿ ]Zhn amÿ°v AwKoIm-chpw t{]m’m-l-\hpw CØcw cwK--ß-fn¬ {]h¿Øn-°p∂ A¬amb¿°v DtØ-P-\-hpw B-bn-Øo-c-s´ F∂p Biw-kn-°p∂p. 15 Message Metropolitan Mar Aprem Chevalier George Menachery has received an honour he deserved well from his Church in his 70th year. He dedicated his life for research and publishing facts about the history of Christianity in India, He was also known abroad for his many achievements in the field of his choice. He was not a professor of history. He was professor of English language and literature. It is a rare privilege to be the head of the Department of English in the St.Thomas’ College, Trichur, where several eminent professors had taught. When I was a student at St.Thomas’ College in Trichur for the intermediate course during 1955 – 57. Fr. Mampilly was the head of the Department of English. Vengusamy, N.K. Seshan, C.J.Andrews were lecturers and N.D. George, Edmund Peters and others were tutors. George Menachery, two years older than I am, was studying in Trichinopoly. He came to teach at St.Thomas College after I had left Trichur. Only after I became a Metropolitan in Baghdad in September 1968 and took charge in Trichur, I got acquainted with George Menachery. Our common interest in the field of Church History brought us closer instantly. He came to the United Theological College, Bangalore when I was writing my dissertation for the Doctor of Theology degree of the Senate of Serampore College. He requested me to write a chapter on my Church of the East in India, locally known as Chaldean Syrian Church. I was not an author. But the summary of my Master of Theology thesis had been published in Bangalore Theological Forum in 1967 and that had attracted the attention of the church historians in India and abroad. Recently I was delighted to note a Prof. Samuel H.Moffett in his monumental volume History of Christianity in Asia, Volume I Beginnings to 1500, Theological Publications of India; Bangalore 2006 (Published in America in 1996) had 16 included my article in his Bibliography. I am surprised by the stamina and dedication with which George Menachery pursued his career as a Church historian. His interest in speaking and writing on various aspects of the Church past and present made him an ideal for many young aspiring writers and scholars. The fact that a team of scholars are enthusiastically arranging to celebrate the occasion of his 70th birthday in a memorable way, is an example for youngsters. The conferring of the rare title of the ‘Chevalier’ on George Menachery was a happy surprise to some of his friends. But to me it was a title well deserved by Professor George Menachery. It was an honour long overdue. I myself had often said publicly that Prof. George Menachery should be made a Chevalier. When I was a student at St. Thomas’ College, a very short fellow Prof. Joseph Pettah was a Chevalier. Another Church historian.V.C.George, a headmaster in Kuruvilangad (Grand father of Dr.V A. Joseph, Chairman of South Indian Bank) was a Chevalier known to me and to my senior colleagues. While publishing the St.Thomas Encyclopedia traveling the length and breadth of our country he met the writers personally. He visited the sites of the ancient churches. He has a collection of photographs enough to write several doctoral dissertations. He must have had a lot of extra energy to publish the St.Thomas Encyclopedia, Thomapaedia etc. He created websites before many churches or theological colleges attempted to do. People around the globe knew him through his websites and personal contacts. His work was not a leisurely work. It was hard work. He had to take leave from his College teaching to live in Madras to correct the proof sheets for his Encyclopedia. To find money was another difficult task. There is no guarantee that he will get back the borrowed money after all these books are sold. He made available many of his books in all the seminars, National or international and sold them in order to recover the money he spent for printing these books. There were no publishing houses behind him. There were no rich people to advance money to him to publish his books. Many in the writing and publishing field realize the difficulty of getting back the money one advances for printing a book. I mention it because there is a wrong notion that by writing books one can become rich quickly. Prof. George Menachery is now the Vice - President of the Church History Association of India known as CHAI, (There is a second organization by the name CHAI, viz . The Catholic Hospital Association of India). Most of the members of the Church History Association of India are clergymen, Professors of Church History in Catholic, Orthodox or 17 Protestant seminaries. As a Vice President he is doing much for that organization more than what I had done when I was President of CHAI for two terms (1976 to 79 and 1979 to 1982). In 1979 when I was re-elected the President in the conference at Calcutta, George Menachery was with me along with his brother James Menachery, an engineer by profession. That was the time we went to see the institutions of Mother Teresa. Since the Nobel Prize for Peace was announced for Mother Teresa, there was a large queue of people to visit the Mother. So we returned without seeing the Mother. Of course I got an opportunity to see her when she visited Trichur later. Morer than two decades ago when the Church History Association of India held its triennial conference in the Pontifical Seminary in Alwaye, myself and George Menachery were asked to be the organizers. As I was a former President, I could not decline the invitation. Myself and Menachery went to Trivandrum by train and invited the Governor in the Raj Bhavan and reached back Trichur the same day. With the help of Fr.Mathias Mundadan, we were able to get Cardinal Parecattil to preside over the session when the Governor P.Ramachandran inaugurated the conference. An international Seminar on Indian Christianity was held in New York recently. Menachery and myself travelled together and read papers there. Then the second conference was held in Madras in January 2007. In addition to two the of us many scholars were present from Kerala. The reason for such a strong delegation from Kerala was none other than the efforts of George Menachery. Now he is persuading me and many others to participate in the 3rd conference to be held in Jordan, in September 2008. I wonder how many conferences he has attended. How many publications he had his articles in. Can he recall the titles of his own articles? He had written the foreword to one of my books. I doubt very much whether he will be able to tell the number of organizations he is an office bearer of. 18 _nj∏v sPbnwkv ]g-bm-‰n¬ A\p-{K-lm-in- pI-ƒ s{]m^-k¿ tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®cn Xriq¿ sk‚ v tXmakv tImsfPn¬ Fs‚ A≤ym-]-I\pw kl-{]-h¿Ø-I-\p-am-bn-cp-∂p. Iem-eb{]-h¿Ø-\߃°-∏pdw Gsd Imcy-ßfn¬ At±lw {i≤n- ®n-cp-∂p. A¬amb t\Xr-Xzw, sFbv^¬ _p°v sk‚¿, sk‚ v tXmakv F≥ssk-t¢m-]o-Unb {]kn-≤o-IcWw, tZhm-ebIeIƒ, - - - k`m-N-cn-{X-]-T\w ˛ XpS-ßn-b-h-bn¬ At±-l-Øns‚ Xmev]-cyhpw k^-e-amb {]h¿Ø-\-ßfpw «mL-\o-b-am-Wv. hntZ-i-]-cy-S-\-hpw, aX-kmw-kv°m-cnI thZn-Ifnse \nd-™p-\n∂ At±-lØns‚ km\n≤yhpw {it≤-b-am-Wv. k]vX-Xn-bn-se-Ønb ta\m-t®cn kmdn\v P∑-km-^-eyhpw PohnXhnP-bhpw t\cp-∂p. kwXr-]vXnbpw kpÿn-Xnbpw kt¥mjhpw kam-[m-\hpw {]m¿∞-\m-]q¿∆w Rm≥ Biw-kn-°p-∂p. sjh-en-b¿ Bbn AwKo-I-cn-°-s∏-´-Xn¬ A`n-\-µ-\-߃. k]vXXn- b p- a mbn _‘- s ∏´ kvac- W n- I bv°v k¿∆- h n- P - b hpw t\¿∂psIm≈p-∂p. Nn∂ tdma F-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂ H√q-cns‚ Cu {]nbaIs‚ hnizm-khpw k`-tbm-Sp≈ B`n-ap-Jyhpw aX-kmw-kv°mcnI cwK-ßfnep≈ tkh-\hpw F°m-eØpw kvacn-°-s∏-S-s´. A`n-\-µ-\-ßfpw A\p-{K-lm-in- pI-fpw. 19 Message Message am¿ t]mƒ Nn‰n-e-∏n≈n Xma-c-t»cn cq]-X-bpsS sa{Xm≥. Rm\-dn-bp∂ s{]m^. ta\m-t®cn s{]m^. tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®-cn-bpsS k]vXXn BtLm-j-ß-tfm-S-\p-_‘n®v {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°p∂ kvacWnIbn-tebv°v At±-l-hp-am-bp≈ Fs‚ _‘-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ Nne Imcy-߃ Fgp-Xp-hm-\p≈ £Ww hfsc kt¥m-j-tØm-sS-bmWv Rm≥ kzoI-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Akm-[m-c-Wamb {]Xn-`-bmWv ta\m-t®cn amÿ F∂Xv C∂v Ghcpw a\- nem°n°gn™ Imcy-am-Wv. Rm≥ s{]m^. ta\m-t®-cnsb ]cn-Nbs∏-´Xv 1968 ˛ emsW-∂mWv Fs‚ - Hm¿Ω. hS-hm-Xq¿ skan-\m-cn-bn¬ Rm≥ A≤ym-]-I-\mbn \nb-an-X-\mb tijw Ahn-sS-bp≈ A≤ym-]-Isc ImWm-\mbn At±lw hcp-am-bn-cp∂p. sk‚ v tXmakv F≥ssk-t¢m-]o-Unb Fs∂mcp kz]v\w At±-lØn-\p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. AXn-¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øm-\p≈ teJ-\-߃ At\z-jn®mWv At±lw h∂ncp∂-Xv. tUm-IvStd-‰n\v Rm≥ A-hXn-∏n® {]_‘w {]kn-≤o-I-cn-®n-´n-√m-Xn-cp∂ Ah-k-c-Øn¬ AXnse Hcp `mKw F≥ssks¢m-]o-Un-bm-bn-tebv°v Rm≥ \¬Ip-I-bp-≠m-bn. ]n∂oSv At±-l-hpambn CS-s]-´-t∏mƒ {KŸ-c-N-\- am-{X-a√, \ΩpsS \m´nse ]pcm-X\ Iemcq-]ßtfmSpw kmwkv°m-cnI ss]Xr-IßtfmSpw Akm-am-\y-amb Xmev]- - cyhpw A`n-am-\-hp-ap≈ hy‡n-bm-Wv A-t±-l-sa∂v t_m[y-s∏-Sm-\n-S-bmbn. Xriq¿ cq]Xm Nm≥k-e-dmbn \nb-an-X-\m-b-t∏mƒ ta\m-t®cn amÃdp-ambn _‘-s∏-Sp-∂Xn\v IqSp-X¬ Ah-kc߃ F\n-°p-≠m-bn. hfsc - kmh-[m-\am-sW-¶nepw, amÃ-dpsS Bg-ta-dnb ⁄m\-Xr-jvWbpw hnhn[ hn⁄m\imJ-I-fn-ep≈ Xmev]-cy-ßfpw F\n-°v A-SpØv a\- n-em-°m\n-S-bm-bn. B Ime-L-´-Øn¬ amÃ-dp-ambn _‘-s∏-Sm≥ CS-bmb hnjb-ß-sf-∏‰n Aev]w ]cm-a¿in-°p-∂Xv \√-Xm-Wv. 20 1. sk‚ v tXmakv F≥ssk-s¢m-∏o-Un-b aq∂p hmey-ß-fn-embn {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°m≥ πm\n-´n-cp∂ ]≤Xn Hcp bPvRw Xs∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p. {]kn-≤o-IcWtØm-S\p-_‘n®v hnhn[ {]iv\- - ß-sf-∏‰n N¿®-sN-øm\pw, cq]-Xm-≤y-£s‚ t{]m’m-l\Øns‚ ]n∂n¬, - sIm®p-sIm®p tkh-\߃ sNbvXp-sIm-Sp-°p-hm\pw Ign-™n-´p-s≠-∂Xv Rm\n∂v kwXr-]vXn-tbmsS Hm¿°p-∂p. ]t£ A∂v AXns‚ Bcw-`-Zi-bn¬ {]mtbm-Kn-Iambn CXv \S-°ptam F∂p≈ kwibw F∂n¬ ap∂n´p- \n-∂n-cp∂p. GXm-bmepw c≠m-asØ hmey-amWv BZyw {]kn-≤o-IrX-am-b-X-v. AXp ]pd-Øp -h-∂-t∏mƒ amÃ-dpsS ZrV-\n-›-bhpw {]XnIqekml-N-cy-ßsf AXn-Po-hn-®p-sIm≠v e£yw t\Sm-\p≈ Ignhpw F\n°p t_m[y-s∏-´p. AXp-sIm≠v, ]n∂o-Sp≈ {]kn-≤o-I-cWw bmYm¿∞y- a m- I p- s a∂ Imcy- Ø n¬ F\n°v kwi- b - a p- ≠ m- b n- √ . am¿tØmΩm {InkvXym-\n-Isf-°p-dn®pw Ah-cpsS ]mc-ºcy-ßsf-°p-dn®pw C∂v B[n-Im-cn-I-ambn ]pdwtemI-Øp-≈-h¿°v ]Tn-°m≥ ]‰nb ap∂p hmey-ß-fn-ep≈ {]kn-≤o-I-c-W-ambn CXv Xo¿∂-t√m. 2. {InkvXy≥ ayqknbw \ΩpsS Iem-cq-]ßsf-∏‰nbpw C∂v A`n-am-\tØm-Sp-IqSn \ap°v ]d- bm≥ Ign-bp-s∂-¶n¬ B Adnhv Gh¿°pw kwe-_v[-am-°n-s°m-Sp-Ø-hcpsS ap≥]-¥n-bn¬ s{]m^. ta\m-t®-cn-bm-sW∂v ss[cy-ambn ]d-bm≥ Ign- b pw. Fs∂ kw_- ‘ n- ® n- S - t Ømfw hy‡- a mbpw B Adnhv ]I¿∂pX∂Xv At±-lam-Wv. \ap°v ]ucm-Wn-Iambp≠mbn-cp-∂sX√mw \in-®p-t]mbn F∂v Icp-Xn-bn-cp-∂-h-cn¬ Hcm-fmWv Rm≥. Fs‚ kz¥w CS-hIssZhm-e-b-Øn¬ D≠m-bn-cp∂ ]pcm-X\inev]-߃ hne-s∏-´-XmsW-∂p≈ kXyw F\n°p a\- n-em-°≥ Ign-™p. AXp-t]mse, tIcf-Ønse hnhn[ `mK-ß-fn-ep≈ ssZhm-e-b-߃ ]eXpw ]pXp°n ]Wnb-s∏-´t∏mgpw ssZhm-ebØn-\IØpw ]cn-kcßfn-ep-ambn Aaq-ey-in-ev]- - - ߃ C∂p-ap-≠v. Ah-bn¬ hfsc {][m-\-s∏-´-h-sb√mw {KŸ-Øn¬ Dƒs∏-SpØn {]kn-≤o-Icn-°m\pw AXp-hgn Ah-bpsS hne hep-Xm-sW∂v a\- n-em-°m\pw CS-h∂p. Xriq¿ cq]-Xbn¬ Hcp ayqknbw Xs∂ IØo{U¬ ssZhm-e-b-tØm-S-\p-_-‘n®v D≠m-°n-sb-Sp-°m≥ ta\m-t®cn amÿ°v Ign-™p. AXn-t\mSv Bflm¿∞-ambn kl-Icn-°m≥ F\n°pw Ah-k-c-ap-≠m-bn. Fs‚ CS-hIssZhm-e-b-Øn¬ aZv_lm ]pXp-°n-bt∏mƒ D]-tbmKiq\y-am-sW∂p IcpXn am‰n-bn-´n-cp∂ k{Im-cnbpw a‰pw F{Xtbm hne-s∏-´-Xm-sW∂v Xncn-®-dn-™pv, AXv ayqkn-b-Øn¬ kq£n°m≥ CS-h-∂Xv henb `mKy-am-Wv. C°mcyw ]ecpw a\- n-em-°n-bt∏mƒ cq]-X-bpsS hnhn[ CS-h-I-I-fn¬ AØ-c-Øn¬ A{i-≤-am-bn-´ncp∂ ]e Iem-cq-]-ßfpw Cu ÿm]-\-Øn¬ kw`-cn®p {]Z¿in-∏n-®p. 21 AXv Gh-cp-sSbpw A`n-\-µ-\-Øn\v Imc-W-am-bn. ]n∂oSv, ]pcm-X-\-amb ]me-bq¿ ]≈n-tb-S-\p-_-‘n®v hfsc hnti-j-amb Hcp ayqknbw D≠m°n-b-t∏mƒ {]kvXpX tiJ-c-Øn-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂h AXn¬ kq£n-°m≥ Ign-™o-´p-s≠-∂mWv Rm≥ a\- n-em-°p-∂-Xv. ]me-bq¿ ]≈n-tbm-S-\p_-‘n®v Kth-j-W-]-c-ambn \S-Ønb {]-h¿Ø-\-߃°pw ]pcm-h-kvXp°ƒ kwc- £ n- ° p∂ ]cn- { i- a - ß ƒ°pw tPm¿÷v ta\m- t ®- c n- b psS Bflm¿∞-amb {i≤bpw klm-bhpw D≠m-bn-´p-≠v. 3. Aevamb t\XrXz ]cn-io-e\ÿm]-\w. Aevam-bsc hf¿Øn-sb-Sp-°p-∂-Xn\v Xmev]-cy-sa-SpØ Ipsd-t∏¿ Xriq¿ cq]-X-bn-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. s{]m^. ]n.-]n. ]o‰¿ amÿ, AUz. sI. ]n. tZh- n, sjh-en-b¿ F≥. F. Hutk^v XpSp-ßnb {]ap-J-cpsS \ncbn¬ tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®cn amÃdpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. C∂v F√m cq]-X-Ifnepw hnhm-l-Øn-s\m-cp-°-amb ]T\°f-cn-Iƒ bphXobphm-°ƒ°v \n¿_-‘-am-bn-´p-s≠-¶nepw, BZy-Im-e-ß-fn¬ Aß-s\-sbm-∂pv D≠mbn-cp-∂n-√. Xriq¿ cq]-X-bn¬ AXn\p ap≥ssI FSp-ØXv Cu Aevamb t\XrXztI{µ-am-Wv. Xncp-k`mNcn-{X-sØ-°p-dn®pw ssZh-imkv{Xhnjb-ß-sf-°p-dn®pw 2˛mw hØn-°m≥ kq\-l-tZmkv tcJ-I-sf-°p-dn®pw Im\≥ \nb- a sØ kw_- ‘ n®pw H∂pw c≠pw h¿j- ß ƒ \o≠p\n¬°p∂ tImgvkp-Iƒ Cu t\Xr-k-an-Xn-bpsS ta¬t\m-´-Øn¬ \S-Øphm≥ Ign-™n-´p-≈-Xp-sIm≠v {]kvXpX hnj-b-ß-fn¬ hnZ-KvZ-cmb Aevambt\Xm-°ƒ hf¿∂p-h-cn-I-bp-≠m-bn. {]kvXpX {]h¿Ø-\-ßfn¬ hfsc hen-sbmcp ]¶v ta\m-t®cn amÿ°pv D-≠m-bn-cp-∂p F∂Xv B {]ÿm-\-Øns‚ Hcp Ime-L-´-Ønse B≤ym-flnI]nXm-sh∂ \nebv°v F\n°p A`n-am-\-tØmsS ]d-bm≥ Ign-bpw. 4. tImsf-P-≤ym-]-I≥ ta\m-t®cn amÃ-dp-ambn F\n°v _‘-s∏-Sm-\n-Sbmb thsdmcp taJe sk‚ v tXmakv tImsf-Pn-t\m-S-\p-_-‘n-®m-Wv. ]Øp sIm√-tØmfw sk‚ v tXmakv tImsf-Pns‚ amt\-P-cmbn tkh\w A\p-jvTn-°m≥ Ahkcw In´nb F\n°v Cw•ojv Un∏m¿´p-sa‚nse s{]m^-k-dm-bn-cp∂ tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®-cn-bp-ambn ASp-Øv C-S-]-g-Ip-∂-Xn-\v A-h-k-c-ap-≠m-bn´p-≠v. \s√m-c-≤ym-]-I-\mbn At±lw Adn-b-s∏-´n-cp-∂p. hnZym¿YnIfp-ambn CS-]gIp∂ coXn «mL-\o-bam-Wv. kplr-Øp-°tfm-sS-∂t]mse - Ah-tcmSv CS-s]-g-Im-\p≈ At±-l-Øns‚ Ignhv Xs‚ AKm-[-amb ]mfin-XysØ Ffp-∏Øn¬ a\- n-em-°m≥ D]-Icn-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p. kl{]-h¿Ø-I-tcmSv lrZy-ambn s]cp-am-dp-hm≥ Ign-bp-∂-Xp-sIm≠v Pohn-XØns‚ hnhn[ Xpd-I-fn-ep-≈-h-cpsS Hcp henb kplrXvhebw At±-lØn-\v B¿÷n-°m≥ Ign-™n-´p-≠v. 22 C∂v s{]m^. ta\m-t®cn C¥y-bv°-IØpw ]pdØpw Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂ Hcp hy‡n-bmbn hf¿∂pIgn-™p. At±lw tIc-f-P-\-Xbv°pw, {]tXyIn®v ss{IkvXh k`bv°pw sNbvXo-´p≈ tkh\w \n o-a-am-Wv. Im°\m-´p≈ au≠v sk‚ v tXmakv kotdm ae-_m¿ k`-bpsS Imcym-ebw Ncn- { X- ] - c - a mb Kth- j - W - ß ƒ°pw aqey- k w- c - £ - W - Ø n- \ pw - t h≠n sNøp∂ tkh-\-ß-fpsS ]n∂n¬ s{]m^. ta\m-t®-cn-bpsS kzm[o-\hpw ]cn-{i-ahpw hy‡-am-bo-´p-≠v. en‰¿Pn-°¬ dnk¿®v sk‚-dns\ \bn-°p∂ kan-Xn-bnse Hcw-K-am-bn-cp∂ ImeØv, Ahn-sSbpw s{]m^. ta\m-t®-cnbpsS {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fp-ambn kl-I-cn-°m≥ F\n°p CS-h-∂n-´p-≠v. C∂v AhnsS {]i-kvX-amb Hcp ayqknbw F√m-h-cp-sSbpw {i≤ ]nSn-®p-]-‰n-bn´p-≠v. AXns‚ kwhn[m-\-Ønepw \S-Øn-∏nepw hfsc Imcy-amb klmbkl-I-c-W-߃ sNbvXp-sIm-Sp-°p-hm≥ s{]m^-k-dn\v Ign-™n´p-≠v. Fgp-]Xp h¿jw ]q¿Øn-bm-°p∂ s{]m^. ta\m-t®cn C∂pw \√ Npdp-Np-dp-°p≈ {]h¿Ø-I\m-bn´pXs∂-bmWv apt∂m´p t]mIp-∂Xv. H√qcnse {]i-kvX-amb ta\m-t®cn IpSpw-_-Øn¬\n∂v [mcmfw ssZh-hn-fnIƒ sshZn-I-\n-c-bnepw k\y-kvX-cpsS \nc-bnepw D≠m-bn-´p-≠v. {]K-¤cmb Ah-sc-sb√mw IS-Øn-sh-´p∂ Hcp Ncn{X]pcp-j-\mbn s{]m^-k¿ ta\m-t®cn amdn-°gn-™p. C\nbpw hf-sc-tbsd Imcy-߃ At±-l-Øn\v -sNøm≥ Ignbpw F∂p-≈-Xn-s\-∏‰n bmsXmcp kwi-b-hp-an-√. AXn-\pth≠ ssZhm-\p-{K-lhpw Btcm-Kyhpw [mcm-f-ambn e`n-°p-hm≥ Rm≥ {]m¿∞n-°p-∂p. k]vXXn-bpsS Biw-kIƒ lrZ-bw-Kaambn Rm≥ t\cp- ∂p. ssZhw At±-l-sØbpw IpSpw-_mw-K-ß-sfbpw k]vX-Xn- BtLmj-߃°v t\XrXzw \¬Ip-∂-h-scbpw kar-≤-ambn A\p-{K-ln-°-s´. 23 Message am¿ tPmk^v ]mÃ-¿ \oe-¶m-hn¬ kn.-Fw.-sF. Rm≥ I≠ ta\m-t®cn s{]m^. tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®-cnsb BZy-ambn F\n°v ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-ØnbXv At±-l-Øns‚ hnZym¿∞n acn-®p-t]mb ^m. tPmkv ht´m-en-bm-Wv. Xriq¿ sk‚ v tXmakv tImsf-Pn¬ A≤ym-]I\m-bn-cp∂p tPm¿÷v ta\m- t®-cn. AXoh BZ-c-thmSpw A`n-am-\-tØm-Spw -Iq-Sn-bmWv _. ht´m-en-b®≥ At±-l-Øns‚ Cw•ojv A≤ym-]-I-s\-∏‰n ]d-™-ncp∂Xv. `mjm-]-cn-⁄m-\-Øn-\p- ]p-dsa At±-l-Øns‚ ]pXnb Im¬sh-∏ns\-∏-‰nbpw Ft∂mSp ]d-bp-I-bp-≠m-bn. kotdm ae-_m¿ k`-sb-∏‰n s{]m^. tPm¿÷n-\p≈ Adnhp AKm-[-am-Wv. At±lw A∂v Bcw-`n® F≥ssk-t¢m-]o-Un-b-bn¬ Rm≥ Hcp teJ\w Fgp-Xnbn-´p-≠v. tdmanse Fs‚ D]-cn-]-T\w Ign™v Rm≥ Ah-X-cn-∏n® Xokn-kns‚ Npcp-°-ambn-cp∂p teJ-\w. F≥ssk-t¢m-]o-Un-bbpsS Ah-X-c-W-Øn\pw {]Imi-\-Øn\pw Rm≥ Gsd t{]m’m-l\w \¬Ip-I-bp-≠m-bn. XpS¿∂v kotdm ae-_m¿ FIvkn-_n-j≥ kwL-Sn-∏n-®-t∏mƒ AXp s{]m^. tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®-cn-bpsS c≠m-asØ Im¬sh-∏m-bn-cp-∂p. CXn-\Iw \nc-h[n ]pXnb {]ÿm-\-߃ At±lw k`-bv°mbn kΩm-\n-®n-´p-≠v. `mc- X - Ø nse hnhn[ ss{Ikv X h hn`mK- ß sf H∂n®v I≠v {]h¿Øn® FIyp-sa-\n-°¬ {]ÿm-\Øns‚ kl-bm-{Xn-I\mWv s{]m^. ta\m-t®-cn. XnI™ k`m-kvt\-lnbpw k`m-N-cn-{X-Imc\pamWv At±lw. AXy-≤zm-\-Øns‚ DS-a-bmbn CXn-\Iw k`bv°pw kaq-l-Øn\pw At±lw ImgvNsh-®n-´p≈ kw`m-h\Iƒ FÆ-a‰hb-s{X. C{Xbpw kw`m- - h-\-Iƒ \¬In-bn-´p≈ as‰m-cmƒ Cs√∂p ]d-bmw. s{]m^. ta\m-t®-cnbpsS kw`m-h\IfpsS khn-ti-jX Ah \m-\m-ap-Jam-sW-∂Xm-Wv. Kth- - j-Ww, Ncn-{Xw, inev]-imkv{Xw sF.Sn XpSßn At±lw {]th-in-°mØ 24 taJ-eIfn-√. Htc Hcp hy‡n Hcp ÿm]-\-ambn hf¿∂p-b¿∂XmWv ˛ s{]m^. ta\m-t®-cn. aX-]-chpw Ncn-{X-]-chpw Bb anI-hp‰ F√m kwLS-\-I-fnepw {]ÿm-\-ß-fnepw s{]m^. ta\m-t®-cn°v kPoh]¶p-≠v. CsXm-s°-bm-sW-¶nepw hfsc efn-XamWv At±-lØns‚ Pohn-Xssien. F√m-hscbpw kzmK-Xw-sN-øp∂ km[m-cW°m-c≥. Gh¿°pw kwe- `y≥. Xs‚ Adnhv a‰p-≈-h¿°v ]¶p-sh-bv°m≥ k¿∆Zm k∂-≤≥. cmjv{So-bØns‚ AXn-{]-kcw Xo≠mØ km£m¬ {InkvXym-\n. s{]m^. tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®-cn°v k]vX-Xn-bpsS Biw-k-Iƒ t\cp-∂p. 25 A LIFE OF DEDICATION Fr. Albert Nambiaparmbil CMI FOR A NOBLE CAUSE It was great that I met Prof. George Menachery in life’s paths. The waves set in motion by the 2nd Vatican Council were producing ripples here in India. Regional Seminars were being planned and organized in different regions. I was a participant in the Kerala and the Karnataka meets. My main interest was the new ministry of Interfaith Dialogue. A Unifying Link: An Inter-Ritual issue was heating up in India those days, gathering momentum as we converged in Bangalore. On one side was the voice of unity and uniformity seeking more unity in India within the churches, opposing the other side demanding that there be freedom to expand the ecclesial jurisdiction of the Oriental Rites to the whole of India. Multiple jurisdictions were seen by one side as a dividing factor in the country while the other side considered this as essential to the growth of the ecclesial communities. A motion was before the board that managed the affairs of the “Church in India seminar of 1969” being held in Dharmaram College, Bangalore to the effect that there be only one rite in a place, i.e. that there be one jurisdiction. I recall the efforts made by Mr. George Menachery to gather enough signatures from among the participants to bring in a motion demanding the expansion of the jurisdiction of the Oriental Churches to the entire nation. It was great that his, our, efforts succeeded. Both the motions were discussed in the meet. There was much tension among the participants. A reconciliation formula was brought in; the other two motions were withdrawn. The reconciliation formula was moved and accepted. Let me not go into the details. I admire the courage of a young George Menachery who stood firmly his ground amidst strong opposition. 26 A Pioneer With a Vision: I recall Mr. Menachery moving around with his vision for an “Encyclopedia of Thomas Christians”. I am not a historian. My interest, if any, was that of cultural integration, that of Interfaith Dialogue, philosophers’ meet. Because of his friendly pressure, I recall putting down a few pages for his great work. He masterminded that great work, A Gift to this Church. It is a matter of joy and pride for me that I could on many occasions point to this work of Menachery, the Encyclopedia as something precious for us all. Quests for Own Roots:I recall reading the book: “Future Shock” the shock affecting humans caught in the terrible speed and advance of new discoveries, technologies. Globalization is another word affecting the moods and values of modern humanity. Our traditional values and cultural heritages too are affected by this flow, speed and osmosis. Adaptation, inculturation and confluence of cultures are all terms very much in use in the common parlance. One of the hidden dangers or temptations of the modern age is that of losing one’s own cultural, spiritual, roots and identities. I remember Mr. Menachery going around collecting, preserving the precious symbols, candle-sticks, oil-lamps, stones of the Syro-Malabar heritage from different churches and spots. He organized exhibitions of these reminding members of his own community and the outsiders not to forget the past. Rather his attempts gave a new boost to the self-esteem of the community. Here is some one who raised warning signals against certain hidden dangers of the fast changing society. There is this danger in our fast changing societies, that of loosing one’s own self-identity. The Syro-Malabar Community had gone through a process of Latinization in the past. This community had the difficult and delicate task of returning to and regaining the identity while going through the process of inculturisation that was the call of the day, of the post 2nd Vatican Council period. In Mr. George Menachery this Church, that traces her origin to the Apostle St. Thomas, found an eloquent leader for this genuine cause of returning to the roots. While remaining a defender of our cultural roots, Menachery was open to the changes affecting us all, to authentic openness. Recently, as I met him in Dharmaram, he was doing his theological research, making the best use of his time and energy, now that he has retired from his teaching career. In this friend and fellow pilgrim I have met a genuine, authentic, charismatic leader of his own community – the Syro-Malabar Church. 27 ^m. sUmao-jy≥ amWn-°-Øm≥ Po¿Æ-X-I-fn¬ Ncn-{X-Øns‚ XpSn-∏p -I≠ kz]v\-a-\p-jy≥ shSn s]m-´n®v XI¿∂ Icn-¶¬°-jvWßfpw Nofp-Ifpw \nd™ Icn¶¬a-S. km[m-c-W-°m-c\v A{Xtb tXm∂n-bp-≈p. F∂m¬ AXnse IS-∂p-t]mb sI´n-S-\n¿ΩmW hnZKv≤≥ Ah-sIm≠v \n¿Ωn-°m-hp∂ kpµcku[ßfpsS km[y-Xsb-∏‰n hne-bn-cp-Øn. ]n∂m-se- h∂ inev]nbm-Is´, B I√p-I-fn-en-cp∂p ]p©n-cn-°p∂ amem-J-am-sc-bpw, Zp:Jm¿Øbmb tacn-am-Xm-hn-t\bpw kz]v\w- I-≠p. Fs¥¥p hninjvS inev]-ßfmWv Ch-bn¬\n∂v Xo¿sØ-Sp-°m-hp-∂-sX∂v Abmƒ IW-°p-Iq-´n. Cu aq∂m-asØ KW-Øn¬ s]-´-bm-fmWv Fs‚ kplr-Ømb {io. tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®-cn. tIc-f-Ønse ]pcm-X\ ssZhm-e-b-ß-f-nepw B{ia-ß-fnepw Xd-hm-Sp-I-fnepw Dt]-£n-°-s∏´ \ne-bn¬, Po¿Æmh-ÿ-bn¬ InS-°p∂ Ht´sd hkvXp-°ƒ At±-l-Øn¬ IuXp-I-ap-W¿Øn. Xncp-hkv{X-߃, ]qPm-km-a-{Kn-Iƒ, \ntXym-]-tbmKhkvXp-°ƒ XpS-ßn-b-hsb√mw CXn¬ s]Spw. D]-tbm-K-iq-\y-amb ]mgvhkvXp-°-fmbn km[m-cW-°m-c≥ Chsb hne-bn-cp-Øn-b-t∏mƒ {io. tPm¿÷v Ah-bn¬ I≠Xv tIc-f-Øn-s‚bpw tIc-f-k-`-bp-sSbpw \{km-Wn-Ø-\n-a-bp-sSbpw aq¿Øcq-]-ß-fm-Wv. Hcp \mSns‚ apgp-h≥ kwkv°m-chpw ]mc-º-cy-ßfpw A\p`-h-ßfpw Ah-bn¬ Hfn-™n-cn-°p-∂-Xmbn At±lw I≠p. Ch-sb√mw Is≠-Øp-Ibpw kwc-£n-°p-Ibpw P\-{i-≤-bn¬ sIm≠p-h-cn-Ibpw sNøpI hen-sbmcp kap-Zmbtkh-\-am-sW∂pw At±lw hne-bn-cp-Øn. At±-l-Øn\v AsXmcp ssZhoI \ntbm-K-am-bn-cp-∂p. h¿j-߃°p- ap-ºv, “sk‚ v tXmakv {InkvXy≥ F≥ssk-t¢m-]oUnb Hm^v C¥y”bpsS \n¿Ωm-W-tØm-S-\p-_-‘n®v \S-Ønb Hcp ]pcmhkvXp {]Z¿i-\-Øn¬ icm-i-cn-°m-c-\mb Hcp _p≤n-Pohn A`n-{]m-bs∏-´Xv Hm¿°p∂p: “shdpw ]mgvthe. Cu Po¿Æ-hkvXp-°sf√mw s]mSnX-´n-sb-Sp-Øn´v F¥p t\Sm≥? a\p-jy\v D]-Im-c-ap≈ h√Xpw sNø28 cptXm?” AtX, km[m-c-W-°m-c\v CsXms° ]mgvthe-bm-Wv. F∂m¬ CsXms° ssZh-\n-tbm-K-ambn hne-bn-cp-Ønb {io. tPm¿÷v A[zm\w XpS¿∂p. hnkva-cn-°-s∏´p t]mtb-°m-hp∂ ]eXpw Ncn-{X-Øm-fp-I-fn¬ CSw -t\-Sn. kztZ-io-bcpw hntZ-in-bcpw Ah I≠v A¤p-X-s∏-´p. tIcf \{km-Wn-Iƒ°v Hcp kzXz-ap-s≠∂pw AXp ItØm-en° k`-tbmfwXs∂ ]pcm-X-\hpw hnip-≤hpw X\n-a-bm¿∂-Xp-am-sW∂pw {]tLm-jn-°-s∏-´p. kam-I¿j-I-amb hy‡nXzw Xm≥ \S-Øp-∂Xv Hcp H‰-bm≥ ]cn-]m-Sn-bm-sW∂ Xncn-®-dnhv {io. tPm¿÷n\v F∂p-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. kl-I-cn-t°-≠-hcpw klm-bn-°m≥ IS-s∏-´-hcpw XpW-bv°n-s√∂ t_m[yhpw At±-l-Øn-\p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. CXns‚ Incp-In-cp∏v D≈w Ie-°p-tºmgpw Bscbpw ]gn-°mt\m, ]cn-[nhn´v hna¿in-°mt\m At±lw Xp\n-™n-´n-√. ImgvN-∏m-Sp-I-fnse hyXykvXXbmbn Ah hne-bn-cp-Øm≥am{Xw hf¿∂ hy‡n-Xz-am-bn-cp∂p At±- l-Øn-t‚-Xv. am{X-a-√, ]n≥Im-eßfn¬ kam\Nn¥m-K-Xn-°msc X∂ntebv°v ASp-∏n-°m\pw At±-l-Øn\p Ign-™p. sNdn-sbmcp t\´-a-√nXv. {kjvSm-hn≥ Xr°-fn-tØm∏mw PK-Øn-Xn¬ \´ph-f¿ØpI \∑ \Ωƒ F∂ BZ¿iw Pohn-X-Øn-eqsS km£m-Xv°-cn® {io. tPm¿÷v ta\mt®-cn°v k]vX-Xn-bm-iw-k-Iƒ! Hcphb n¬ c≠phb n¬ ktlmZcn Cks_√tbmsSm∏w 29 km[p C´n-b-hn-cm A\-\yhpw hfsc hne-s∏-´-Xp-amb tkh\w {]K-¤-\mb s{]m^-kdpw _lp-apJ{]Xn-`-bpw, InS-b‰ Ncn{X]finX\pw Kth- j - I - \ pw, {]ikv X hm‹n- b pw, hn\- b m- \ zn- X - \ mb kaqZmbkvt\ln-bpw, A\p-{K-lo-X-\mb {KŸ-Im-c-\pw, k¿t∆m-]cn kvt\lk-º∂\pw Bb s{]m^-k¿ tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®-cn°v k]vXXnawK-f߃ {]m¿∞-\m-]q¿∆w t\cp-∂p. Cu Fgp-]Xp h¿j-°m-eØv hf-sc-b-[nIw \√ Imcy-߃ sNøm≥ ssZhw At±-l-Øn-\n-S-bm-°n. At±-l-tØmSpw At±-l-Øns‚ kplrØp-°-tfmSpw tN¿∂v Rm\pw ssZh-Øn\p \µn- ]-d-bp-∂p. Bbp-cm-tcmKy-ßfpw as‰√m A\p-{K-l-ßfpw kz¿§-ÿ-\mb ]nXmhv At±-l-Øn\p \¬Is´ F∂v Rm≥ {]m¿∞n-°p-∂p. s{]m^-k¿ tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®-cnsb∏‰n tI´n´pw hmbn-®n´pw D≠m-bncp-s∂-¶nepw, At±-lsØ IqSp-X¬ ASp-Ø-dn-bm≥ F\n°p km[n-®-Xv, Bep-hm-bn¬ h®p \S∂ tIcf doPyW¬ skan-\m-dnepw (1968), _mw•qcn¬ h®p \S∂ Bƒ C¥y ImØ-enIv skan-\m-dnepw (1969) h®m-Wv. Cu skan-\m-dp-I-fnse At±-l-Øns‚ {]kw-K-ß-fpw ImgvN-∏m-Sp-Ifpw (interventions) hfsc {it≤-b-am-bn-cp-∂p. henb Ncn-{Xhpw ]mc-º-cy-hp-ap-≈-h-cmWv \Ωƒ, tIc-f-Ønse ss{IkvX-h¿. F¶n¬°pSn Xosc Ncn-{X-t_m-[-an-√m-Ø-h-cmWv \Ωƒ. ]m›m-Xysc At]-£n®v Ncn{Xw FgpXn kq£n-°p-∂-Xpw, Ncn-{X-kvamc-I-߃ kwc-£n-°p-∂Xpw Bb coXn \ap°v Xosc Cs√-∂p- thWw ]d-bm≥. Xß-fpsS P\-\-Øo-bXn Xs∂bpw \√ \n›-b-an-√mØ ]escbpw Rm≥ I≠n-´p-≠v. cm°p-fn-s∏-cp-∂m-fns‚ Xte-∂mWv Rm≥ D≠mb-Xv, 99 se sh≈-s∏m-°-Øn\p Hcp amkw apºmWv AΩ Fs∂ {]khn-®-Xv, Fs∂ms° Bfp-Iƒ ]d-bp-∂Xv Rm≥ tI´n-´p-≠v. 30 Ncn{Xw Adn-bm-Ø, Ncn{Xw FgpXn kq£n-°mØ Hcp kaqlw thcn√m-Ø-XmWv F∂p- thWw ]d-bm≥. \ΩpsS \m´nse A¬tk-jy≥ \mbv°ƒ°v, ka¿∞cpw Icp-Øcpw BsW-¶n¬°q-Sn, {^m≥knse A¬km-kn-emWv Xß-fpsS thcv F∂-dn-™p-Iq-Sm. Ncn{Xw Adn-bmØn-SØv \Ωƒ Ah-bpsS eh-en-tebv°p Xmgp-I-bm-Wv. C∂se s]bvX agbv°v C∂p IpcpØ XI-c-I-sf-t∏mseb√ \Ωƒ. al-Ømb ]mc-º-cyhpw Ncn-{Xhpw R߃°p-≠v. F∂v \ΩpsS P\ßsf t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Øm-\pw, Bflm-`n-am-\hpw Zo¿L-ho-£Whpap≈ Hcp kaq-l-ambn hf-cm-\pw, s{]m^-k¿ tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®-cn-bpsS {]h¿Ø\w, \Ωsf hfsc klm-bn-®n-´p-≠v. B \nebv°v At±-l-Øns‚ tkh\߃ A\-\yhpw hfsc hne-s∏-´-hbp-am-Wv. t]m∏t‚bpw A\pP≥ tXma nt‚bpsam∏w A∏t‚bpw sIm®ΩmbnbptSbpw A\pPt‚bpw IqsS 31 sP. sh≈n-bm≥ Xe-sb-Sp-∏p≈ Kth-j-I≥ 1969 ¬ _mw•q-cn¬ h®p \S∂ Bƒ C¥ym skan-\m-dn¬ ]s¶-Sp°m≥ tIc-f-Øn¬\n∂p At\Iw sshZn-Icpw GXm\pw kntÃgvkpw Npcp°w Nne Btfl-\n-I-fp-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. AhnsS “hnh-c-ap≈” Hcp sNdp-∏-°m-c≥ kotdm ae-_m¿ k`-sbbpw k`-bpsS Ah-Im-i-ß-sf-bpw]‰n ktµlw IqSmsX i‡-ambn kwkm-cn-°p-∂-Xp- I-≠p. At±lambn-cp∂p Xriq¿\n∂p≈ tImsfPv s{]m^-k-dmb tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®-cn. Rm≥ At±-lsØ BZy-ambn I≠Xp Ahn-sS-h-®m-Wv. tPm¿÷ns‚ Adn-hnepw kma¿∞y-Ønepw IuXpIw tXm∂n R߃ ]e -a-Wn-°q-dpIƒ N¿®-bn¬ G¿s∏-´p. B skan-\m-dn¬ kotdm ae-_m¿ k`sb {]Xn-\n-[n-I-cn®v “`mc-X-Øn-se-ºmSpw kz¥w B`n-ap-Jy-Øn¬ kphntijthe sNøm-\p≈ Ah-Imiw k`-bv°p-th-Ww” F∂v Bh-iy-s∏´p-sIm≠v Hcp {]tabw tPm¿÷v Ah-X-cn-∏n-®Xv C¥y-bnse hnhn[ cq]X-I-fn¬\n∂p skan-\m-dn¬ ]s¶-Sp-Ø-hcpsS {i≤ ]nSn-®p-]-‰n. Fs∂ kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw A∂v k`mkvt\ln-bmb Hcp kplr-Øns\ e`n®p-sh∂ kwXr]vXn D≠m-bn. ]n∂oSv kpdn-bm\n k`, k`m-kw-kv°m-cw, hmkvXp-in-ev]w, ss{IkvXh Ie-Iƒ XpS-ßnb hnj-b-߃ {]Xn-]m-Zn® ]e skan-\m-dp-I-fnepw tIm¨{^≥kp-Ifnepw tIc-fØn-\IØpw ]pdØpw hntZ-ißfnepw Hcp- an®p kw_-‘n-°m≥ R߃°p km[n®p. AsXms° kulrZw Du´nbp- d - ∏ n- ° m- \ p≈ Ah- k - c - ß - f m- b n- c p- ∂ p. kotdm ae- _ m¿ en‰¿Pn tIm¨{^≥knepw kn\-Uns‚ IΩo-j\p-Ifnepw H∂n®p {]h¿Øn-°m≥ R߃°p Ah-kcw In´n-bXp Hcp `mKy-ambn Rm≥ Icp-Xp-∂p. ]T-\ß-fnepw Kth-j-W-ß-fnepw \h-amb ho£-Whpw kz¥-amb \n¿t±-ißfpw \¬Im≥ tPm¿÷n\p km[n-®n-´p-≠v. sk‚ v tXmakv F≥ssk-t¢m-]o-Un-b-bpsS c≠mw hmeyw {]kn-≤oI-cn® Ah-kcØn¬, Rm≥ kam-lcn®p {]kn-≤o-Icn® ‘Z ae-_m¿ N¿®v’ - 32 F∂ {KŸw hne-aXn-°p-Ibpw AXn¬\n∂pw GXm\pw teJ-\߃ At±l-Øns‚ B {KŸ-Øn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNbvXXv F\n°p A`n-am\-Zm-b-I-am-bn-cp-∂p. \yqtbm¿°nepw sNss∂-bnepw ]pcm-X\ C¥y≥ k`-sb-∏‰n \S-Ønb c≠p tIm¨{^≥kp-Iƒ (International Conference on the History of Early Christianity in India) Gsd sshZ-KvZy-tØmsS s]mXp-hn¬ Bkq{XWwsNøm\pw Ah-Xcn-∏n-°m\pw AXp-hgn kΩn-fn-XcpsS {]iwk t\Snsb-Sp-°m\pw s{]m^. tPm¿÷n\p km[n-®p-sh-∂Xp A`n-am-\-tØmsS Rm≥ Hm¿°p-I-bm-Wv. k]vXXn-bpsS \nd-hn¬ \n¬°p∂ s{]m^-k¿ tPm¿÷v tIc-fØnse ss{IkvXh hmkvXp-in-ev]-Øns‚ Ipe-]-Xn-bm-Wv. Iem-ku-Ip-am-cyØns‚ DS-a-bm-bn, kulr-Z-Øns‚ ioX-f-Om-b-bm-bn, t{]m’m-l-\Øns‚ hS-hr-£-am-bn, Xo£vW-a-Xn-bmb k`m-kvt\-ln-bmbn, k`m-K-thj-Wcw-KsØ Bflm¿∞-Xbp≈ kXo¿∞y-\m-bn, {Inbm-flINn¥-bpsS Bƒcq-]ambn Bbp-cm-tcm-Ky-tØmsS At±lw hncm-Pn-°s´ F∂p Biwkn-°p-∂p. At±-lØns‚ {]nb-Xabv°pw a°ƒ°pw t]c-°n-Sm-°ƒ°pw A`n-\-µ-\-߃. ktlmZcnamcmb tdmkmΩ, Cks_√, ktlmZc≥ tXmakv F∂nhcpsS IqsS A∏\pw AΩbpw 33 tUm. ]qtØ-gØv cma-N-{µ≥ hniz-lnµp ]cn-j-Øns‚ ap≥ A¥¿tZ-iob D]m-≤y-£≥ tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®-cn F∂ kplrØv tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®cn Fs∂ hf-sc-tbsd kzm[o-\n® Hcp hy‡n-bmWv. Hcp h¿jw At±-l-Øns‚ IqsS ]Tn®p F∂Xv Hc-\p-`-h-ambn Rm≥ Icp-Xp-∂p. At±-l-Øns‚ ]e KpW-ßfpw Zqsc-\n∂p t\m°n Rm≥ cl-kyambn A`n-\-µn-°m-dp-≠v. AXn¬ H∂v Bscbpw At±lw \n m-c-ambn Icp-Xp-I-b√ F∂-XmWv. Nne-t∏mƒ Hcp Iq´w Bfp-Iƒ At±-lsØ hf-™p-\n∂v kwkm-cn-°p-∂Xv Rm≥ I≠n-´p-≠v. AXn¬ Hcmƒ Hcp ‘\n m-c’-\m-bn-cn-°mw. ta\m-t®-cn-bpsS ZrjvSn-Iƒ Abm-fpsS ta¬ ]Xnbpw. Abm-tfmSv c≠p- hm°p ]d-bm≥ At±lw Hcn-°epw ad-°p-I-bn-√. thsdmcp hntijw, At±lw Xm≥ henb Xnc-°n-emWv F∂v BtcmSpw ]d-bp-I-bn√ F∂-Xm-Wv. Nne-t∏mƒ henb Xnc-°n-em-bn-cn°pw. “Xnc-°n-emtWm, F\n°v Hcp Imcyw ]d-bm-\p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p” F∂v Bsc-¶nepw At±-l-tØmSv ]d-™m¬ At±lw km[m-c-W-bmbn adp]Sn ]d-bpI Cß-s\-bm-hpw. “F\n-s°¥p Xnc-°v, \msf cmhn-se-Øs∂ hm. \ap°v kwkm-cn-°mw.” “Rm≥ henb Xnc-°n-emWv \msf cmhnse am{Xta F\n°v Hgn-hp-≈p.” F∂v Hcn-°epw At±lw ]d-bn-√. kvt\l-amb s]cp-am-‰w, F√m-h-cp-sSbpw hnizmkw t\SnsbSp-°m\p≈ Ign-hv, Adn-bm-\p≈ B{Klw CsXms° At±-l-Øns‚ IqsS∏nd∏m-Wv. Cw•o-jv, ae-bmfw F∂o `mj-Iƒ \∂mbn ssIImcywsNøm-\dn-bmw. Fgp-]-Xp-I-fn¬ amXr-`qan BgvN-∏-Xn-∏n¬ h∂ At±-l-Øns‚ kNn{X teJ\]c-ºc kaq-Zm-b-Øn¬ At±-l-Øn\v t\Sn-s°m-Sp-ØXv _lq-am-\y-amb ÿm\-am-Wv. kwkvIr-Xhpw em‰n\pw At±-l-Øn\-dnbmw. X®p-im-kv{Xw, ssZh-im-kv{Xw, kmln-Xyw, Nn{X-I-e, Ncn{Xw F∂nßs\ hnhn[ taJ-e-I-fn-ep≈ At±-l-Øns‚ hnPvRm\w A]m-c-amWv. I¬Zmb hnhmZImeØvv H√q-cnse ]≈n-bn¬ Hcn-°¬ ta\m-t®-cn34 bpsS IqsS Ip¿∫m-\-bn¬ Rm≥ ]¶p-sIm-≠p. ]ptcm-ln-X≥ P\-ßsf t\m°n Bcm-[\ \S-Ø-Wtam th≠tbm F∂p-≈Xv B hnhm-Z-Øns‚ Hcp `mK-am-bn-cp-∂p. H√q-cnse Bcm-[-\m-coXn Rm≥ a\- n-em-°m≥ {ian®p. AXn-\p-tijw ta\m-t®cn ]≈n-bnse ac-∏-Wn-I-sf-∏-‰nbpw sImØpth-e-Isf ]‰n-bp-sams° ]d-™p-X-∂p. {InkvXp-a-X-Ønse BNm-c-ß-sf-∏-‰nbpw {InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS Ncn-{XsØ-∏-‰n-bp-sams° hf-sc-tbsd Rm≥ At±-l-Øn¬\n∂pw a\- n-em°p-Ibp-≠m-bn. {InkvXy≥ F≥ssk-t¢m-]o-Unb At±lw Xøm-dm-°p∂ ka-bØv ]e ]≈n-Ifnepw skan-\m-cn-Ifn-ep-sams° Rm≥ At±-ltØmsSm∏w t]mbn-´p-≠v. Cu ka-b-ßfnsems° Rm≥ B¿. Fkv. F ns‚ Hcp kPoh {]h¿Ø-I-\m-bn-cp∂p F∂-XmWv khn-ti-j-X. tIc-f-Ønse {InkvXym\n-I-sf-∏‰n hniz-lnµp ]co-j-Øns‚ AJn-te¥ym t\Xr-Xz-Øn-ep≈ A[n-Im-cn-IfpsS ]e sX‰n-≤m-cWIƒ am‰m\pw F\n-°n-Xp-sIm-s≠ms° - km[n-®n-´p-≠v. H√q-cnse Ip¿∫m-\-bn¬ ]s¶-SpØ ka-bØv Rm≥ hnizlnµp ]co-jn-Øns‚ A¥¿tZ-iob D]m-≤y-£-\m-bn-cp-∂p. “kwkm-cn°q sX‰n-≤m-c-W-Iƒ amdpw” F∂v Hcp samss_¬ Iº\n AXns‚ ]c-ky-Øn¬ ]d-bp-∂p. ]c-ky-߃ \ap°v Xcp∂ ktµ-i߃ ]e-t∏mgpw henb XXzNn¥-I-fm-Wv. am¿∏m-∏-bpsS A\p-{K-l-Øm¬ sjh-en-b¿ ]Z-hn-bn-se-Ønb ta\mt®cn Fs‚ Iq´p-Im-c-\m-sW∂v ]d-bm≥ F\n°v s]cp-Ø-`n-am-\-ap-≠v. H√q¿ ]≈n kvIqƒ {Ku≠v A∏≥ sIm®utk∏v 35 Fr. Selvister Ponnumuthan Prof. George Menachery : A Lay Person Par Excellence It is heartening to know that Prof. George Menachery is going to be honoured by well-wishers with a fitting memento by publishing a souvenir on his Sapthathi, the seventieth birthday. Although I knew Prof. George Menachery through his monumental works in Christian literature and as the brother of Rev. Dr. E.J. Thomas, former principal of Loyola College, I began to have a personal contact with him only from 2002. It was in connection with the Jubilee Celebrations of the 1950th year of the coming of St. Thomas, the Apostle, in India and the 450th death anniversary of St. Francis Xavier. As part of the Jubilee celebrations the Kerala Catholic Bishops’ Council had put up a Documentary Committee which entrusted the task of publishing a fitting souvenir to me as the Chief-Editor and His Excellency Mar Bernabas Jacob (Chacko Aerath OIC) and Prof. George Menachery as co-editors – representing the three individual Churches in Kerala. I am glad to say that “Christian Contribution to Nation Building: A third Millennium Enquiry” (440 pages) was the outcome of our teamwork. Prof. George Menachery not only contributed an article on “Christian Influence in Art and Architecture of India” but read with us all the pages of the work. Those who are involved in publication would agree that editing a book is more difficult than writing one. If the book contains articles of disputed stances it becomes an even more difficult task. All the more so when such articles have been written by reputed scholars. In fact we had to do some editing work. I would say that we, as a team, could edit the work without any difficulty. Although in age, experience, and scholarship Prof. George Menachery was much ahead of other editors he collaborated sincerely and vigorously towards the completion of the work. He was very prompt in meetings and open in the discussions and ready to take up any responsibility. Any collaboration demands lot of sacrifice. Sacrifice 36 is an expression of love. Along with the collaboration what impressed me was his real love for the Church. His love for the Church really resonates with the response to the vocation of a lay faithful. I used to feel that Prof. George Menachery had effectively over come the ‘two temptations of a lay person’ described by John Paul II. According to the Pope the first temptation of lay persons is to be so strongly interested in the Church services and tasks that they fail to become actively engaged in their responsibilities in the professional, social, cultural, and political worlds. The second temptation is of legitimizing the unwarranted separation of faith from life, that is, a separation of the Gospels acceptance from the actual living of the Gospel in various situations in the world (John Paul II, Chrsitifideles Laici, 1988, n.2). The Pope also admonishes that lay people should not relinquish their participation in “public life” especially in the economic, social, legislative, administrative and cultural areas for they are intended to promote organically and institutionally the common good (CL, 42). The curriculum vitae of Prof. George Menachery show that he has proved his caliber in various areas of public life. Along with participation in various administrative and social bodies he has to his credit a large number of publications, research papers, articles, radio talks and TV programmes. All his visits to 22 countries of the four continents enlarged his image in public life because every journey has contributed something to deepen his knowledge which in turn became a contribution to the church and society. Among all his contributions to the Church and to society what attracts one the most is his contributions in the field of culture. All of his publications and activities have a culture touch. Since the development of culture is often dissociated not only from Christian faith but also from human values (CL.44) the contributions of Prof. Menachery are very significant. In fact he has been responding to the invitation of John Paul II who said: “the church calls upon the lay faithful to be present, as signs of courage and intellectual creativity, in the privileged places of culture, that is, the world of education-school and university-in places of scientific and technological research, the areas of artistic creativity and work in the humanities. Such a presence is destined not only for the recognition and possible purification of the elements that critically burden existing culture, but also for the elevation of these cultures through the riches which have their sources in the Gospel and the Christian faith” (CL 44). In fact the writings of Prof. George Menachery are an invitation to go to the sources, the Gospel and Christian Tradition. And I am sure that his name and his contributions will be remembered not only by the Christians beyond the Asian continent but also by the secular world. I pray that the Almighty bless him abundantly. 37 ^m. tPmkv X®n¬ s{]m^. tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®-cnsb Hm¿°p-tºmƒ Ac \q-‰m-≠p-Imew k`-sbbpw kwkv°m-csØbpw kmln-Xy-sØbpw \nkzm¿∞-ambn kvt\ln-°p-Ibpw tkhn-°p-Ibpw sNbvX s{]m^. tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®-cn-bpsS k]vX-Xn-tbm-S-\p-_-‘n®v Hcp kvac-WnI XnI®pw Ah-ktcm-NnXw Xs∂. CXn-\mbn ap∂n-´n-dßnb k]vXXn kanXnsb F{X A`n-\-µn-®mepw A[n-I-am-In-√. CSn-®p- I-bdn cwKw Iog-S-°p∂ Hcp kz`m-h-°m-c-\m-bn-cp-∂n√t√m At±-lw. {ipXn-am-[p-cn-sIm≠v tIƒhn-°msc hnkva-bn-∏n-°p-tºmgpw ad™p-\n¬°p∂ Ipbn-ens‚ {]IrXn Bbn-cp∂p At±-lØn-t‚-Xv. \n¿_‘n-®m¬ am{Xta At±lw cwKØv {]Xy-£-s∏-Sm-dp-≈q. GXm≠v aq∂p Zi-I߃°p- apºv A`n-hµy-\mb I¿±n-\mƒ tPmk^v ]mtd-°m-´n¬ Xncp-ta\n s{]m^. tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®-cn-bpsS A¿∏W at\m`m-h-sØ-°p-dn®pw IrXn-I-sf-°p-dn®pw a‰pw hfsc {]iw-kn®v ]d-bp-∂Xv tIƒ°m≥ CS-h-∂n-´p-≠v. Ccp-hcpw `mc-X-Øns‚ Bflm-hns\ Is≠Øm≥ \nc-¥cw ]cn-{i-an-°p-Ibpw hen-sbm-cfhn¬ hnPbw hcn-°p-Ibpw - sNbvX-h-cm-Wv. A∂p-sXm´v Cu {]Xn-`sb H∂v ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sm≥ Rm≥ B{K-ln®p \S-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. `mKy-h-im¬ Is≠-ØpI am{X-a-√, kvt\ln-X-cm-Im\pw Ign-™p. sk‚ v tXmakv au≠n¬sh®pw awK-e∏pg s]m¥n-^n-°¬ C≥Ãn-‰yq-´n¬sh®pw At±-lsØ {ihn-°p-hm\pw At±-l-hp-ambn kwkm-cn-°p-hm\pw Ah-kcw e`n-®n-´p-≠v. ip≤-K-Xnbpw kXy-[¿Ω-k-Zm-Nm-c-ß-fn-ep≈ \njvTbpw ]tcm-]-Im-chy-{K-Xbpw \nkzm¿∞-Xbpw kln-jvWp-Xbpw B¿÷-h-Xzhpw emfnXyhpw Bflm¿∞-Xbpw HØn-W-ßn-b, Bscbpw BI¿jn-°p∂ Hcp hy‡n-Xz-amWp At±-l-Øn-t‚-Xv. sk‚ v tXmakv {InkvXy≥ F≥ssk-t¢m-]o-Unb Hm^v C¥y, C¥y≥ N¿®v lnÃdn ¢mkn-Ivkv, Zn \{km-Wo-kv, tXmam-]o-Unb XpS-ßnb CuSp‰ 38 {KŸ-߃, ]fin-tXm-Nn-Xamb Gsd teJ-\߃, ]fin-XkZ p-Ifn¬ - - Ah-X-cn-∏n-®n-´p≈ D]-\ym-k-߃ Ch-sb√mw ]cn-K-Wn-°p-tºmƒ At±l-Øns‚ Adn-hns‚ Bghpw ]c∏pw \ap°v GXm≠v a\- n-em-°m≥ Ign-bpw. Cu Db-c-ß-fn¬ {]tim-`n-°p-tºmgpw At±-l-Øns‚ hn\-b-`m-hhpw tkh-\-k-∂-≤-Xbpw Bscbpw BI¿jn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. ac-߃ Xmgp∂p ^em-K-a-Øn-\m¬ ]cw \an-°p∂p L\w \hmw_p-t]m¬ kar-≤n-bn¬ k÷-\-aq-‰-am¿∂o-Sm˛ ]tcm-]Imcn-°n-Xp-X≥ kz`m-hhpw s{]m^. tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®-cnsb°pdn-t®m¿°p-tºm-sg√mw Cu ]Zyi-Iew Hm¿Ω-bn¬ hcm-dp-≠v. ssZh-`bw Adn-hns‚ Bcw-`am-Wv. AsXmcp-hs\ IqSp-X¬ IqSp-X¬ hn\o-X-\m°pw. Hcn-°¬t]mepw kz¥-c-N-\I-sf-∏‰n At±lw Ah-Im-i-hmZw Db¿ØnbXmbn tI´n-´n-√. F¶nepw GsXm-cmƒ°q-´-Ønepw Xs‚ Ignhpw {]k-cn-∏pw-sIm≠v tPm¿÷v amjv A\-\y-\mbn \n¬°p-∂p. At±-l-Øns‚ kXy-k-‘-X-sb-°p-dn®v ]d-bp-tºmƒ Hcp kw`hw Hm¿Ω-hcp-∂p. Hcn-SØv At±lw {]kw-KØn\p £Wn-°s∏-´p. {]kwKw Ign™v t]mb-t∏mƒ B ÿm]-\-Øns‚ A[n-Imcn At±-l-Øn\v T.A. F∂p ]d™v Hcp Ih¿ sImSp-Øp. t]mIp∂ hgn°v Ih¿ Xpd∂v t\m°n-b-t∏mƒ XpI T.A. am{X-a√ hfsc IqSp-X-ep-≠v. DSs\ h≠n- Xncn®v ta¬∏-d™ ÿm]-\Øn¬ sN∂v A[n-Im-cn-sb- I≠v A_-≤Øm¬ IqSp-X¬ XpI h®-XmtWm F∂-t\z-jn-®p. CXp-t]mse ]e- Im-cy-ß-fpap≠v ASp-Ø-dn-™-h¿°v Hm¿Ωn-°m≥. k]vXXn BtLm-jn-°p∂ Cu thf-bnepw At±lw hn{i-an-°m≥ Hcp-°-an-√. ]Wn-∏p-c-bn¬ Ct∏mgpw Xnc-°p-X-s∂. {]mbw Ihn-s™m-sc-\n-°n\n ]mSpt≠m ]mgn¬ t]mw t\csØ t\m°n-\n¬°m≥? Hcp-]mSv Imcy-߃ sNbvXvXo¿°m-\p-≠v. kabw If-bm-\n√ F∂mW-t±-lØns‚ `mhw. CuSp‰ cN-\Iƒhgn k`°pw kaq-lØn\pw IqSpX¬ \∑-Iƒ sNøm≥ Btcm-Kyhpw Zo¿Lm-bp pw \¬In k¿∆-i-‡≥ At±-lsØ A\p-{K-ln-°-s´. k]vX-Xn-bpsS awK-f-߃ s{]m^. tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®-cn°v kvt\l-]q¿∆w t\¿∂p-sIm-≈p-∂p. C\nbpw Gsd \mf-tØ°v Cu ioX-f-km-∂n≤yw \tΩm-Sp-IqsS D≠m-h-s´-sb∂v Bin-°p-∂p, {]m¿∞n-°p-∂p. 39 Sr. Cleopatra, CMC. A Man of Vision and Action Prof. George Menachery is a man of vision and action. He sets his goal before him and works hard to achieve it. How hard and difficult the work, he is not bothered, provided it is his goal and he has decided to achieve it. It is the goal he has aimed at that matters. On the way he does not waste his energy attending to small things like writing articles or books which may deter him from his whole concentration on the larger and greater aim. Prof. Menachery is wholeheartedly involved in religious practices and the works of the Archdiocese. I met him at a Charismatic Retreat which we organized for the teachers of St. Thomas College in Madonna Sehiona. As part of the Retreat Programme, he came to meet me for counseling. Well, I understood that he is very regular in his Church duties and very open in his dealings. He has been very active in the works entrusted to him by the Bishop’s House or Bishop-appointed committees. He has striven hard to get the Papal Visit Souvenir done. Similarly, the Trichur Diocesan Centenary Commemoration Volume also has his article enhancing the heritage of Christianity in the Archdiocese. Prof. Menachery is a good speaker, researcher, organizer and director. A historian and cultural Artist, he has organized several cultural exhibitions showing the ancient heritage of Christianity in India from St. Thomas, the Apostle of Jesus Christ. His is a life set apart especially for the study, research and preservation of the heritage of St. Thomas Christians – history, art, culture and architecture of Kerala and the religious heritage of the Christians in India. On this beautiful occasion of the celebration of the 70th Birthday, I warmly and prayerfully wish Prof. George great blessings and joys from the Lord and hearty felicitous Birthday Greetings! 40 Prof. George Menachery. Fr. Francis Thonippara CMI Provincial. Congratulations and Birthday greetings to Prof. George Menachery. Ad Multos Annos. Prof. George Menachery is a household name among scholars and those who make research studies in Indian Church History. Besides, he is also a zealous Nazarene, whose life mission is to popularize St. Thomas Christian traditions, customs, practices and manners. He is an ardent lover of the Apostolic Church of St. Thomas Christians. My close association with Prof. George is in the context of the Indian Church History Association. At present he is the Vice-President of the same Association. He is very active in arranging seminars and conferences under the banner of this Association, both at national as well as regional levels. His active presence in many national and international conferences through his scholarly interventions and presentations make him an international personality. In my opinion, Prof. George is very much influenced by three great saintly personalities although not denying other factors which influence him. The first great figure that comes to my mind when I think about Prof. George is St. Paul. Once St. Paul was convinced of the fact that Jesus is the Saviour and the Messiah, he spent his whole energy in making known this Good News to the whole world. He undertook adventurous journeys to spread this Good News. Prof. George spared no energy in making known the noble traditions of the St. Thomas Christians. The miles he covered are incomparable and uncountable. The enterprising spirit of St. Thomas is very much seen in the life and activities of Prof. George.The publication of the St. Thomas Christian Encyclopedia and other successive publications is time consuming and money consuming and so much of risk factor is involved in the sale of these costly volumes. The faith expression of St. Thomas, ‘My Lord and My God’, is an expression of the surrender of the Apostle. In the same way, Prof. George’s difficult tasks have this sense of complete surrender to the Lord. As a result of this type of surrendering, God blesses all his endeavours abundantly. 41 St. Francis Xavier is his model in his dealings with ecclesiastical authorities; i.e. his fidelity to the superiors in ups and downs in agonies and ecstasies, in joys and sorrows. This filial obedience to the authorities makes Prof. George an acceptable leader of the community. His criticisms, even if he makes them, are creative and for the good and growth of the community. This Sapthathi celebration is an occasion to honour a great son of the Syro-Malabar Church. Let us get inspiration from the life of this noble soul whose thirst for knowledge and love for his community is praise-worthy. Let us thank the Lord for the wonderful gift of Prof. George Menachery. Ad Multos Annos. am¿ sk_mÃy≥ a¶qgn°cn ]t\mca Hm^v C¥y≥ {InÃym\n‰n {]Z¿i\Øn¬ HutK≥ {]Ya≥ ImtXmen°_mh F≥sskt¢m]oUnb 1973¬ {]Imi\w sNøp∂p. I¿±n\mƒ ]msd°m´n¬ A≤y£\mbncp∂p {]Z¿it\mZvLmS\w 1971 hnhmlw HIvtSm_¿ 19, 1966 42 Ipeo-\-X-bp-sSbpw {]b-Xv\-Øn-s‚bpw Bƒcq]w sP. X®n¬ {]kn≤ Iem-Im-c-\mb ssa°nƒ B©-tem-bpsS Ncn-{X-Øn¬ Hcp kw`-h-ap-≠v. Pqen-b≥ c≠m-a≥ ]m∏-bpsS \n¿∫-‘-Øn\p hgßn tdmanse {]kn-≤-amb knsÃ-bn≥ Nm∏-ens‚ ta¬°q-c-bpsS Xmsg At±lw Nn{X-the sNøm≥ Bcw-`n-®p. B CSp-ßnb lmfn¬ icn°p shfn®w t]mep-an-√mØ Db-c-Øn¬ sI´nb ac-∏-e-I-bn¬ ae¿∂p-InS∂psIm≠v Zo¿L-\mƒ At±lw Nn{Xw hc-®p. kna‚pw sh≈hpw Nmb-°p´pw IÆnepw aq°nepw h∂p hogp-∂Xv XpS®p am‰n-s°m≠v amkßfpw sIm√-ßfpw At±lw Ign-®p-Iq-´n. temI-N-cn-{X-Ønse G‰hpw bmX-\m-\n¿`-c-amb Iem-b-⁄-am-bn-cp∂p AXv. Nn{X-the Ah-km-\n∏n®p Xmsg Cd-ßn-b-t∏mƒ At±lw t]mepw A¥w-hn´pt]mbn. Xebv°p-aosX ]Xn-\m-bncw NXp-c{i ASn hcp∂ ÿe-ØmsI Hcp h¿Æ{]]©krjvSn. a\pjy]X-\w, {]f-bw, BZw, l∆, k¿∆-i-‡\mb ssZhw. Ime-Øn-\-Xo-X-amb a\pjy`mh-\-bpsS hnPtb-Xn-lm-kambn AXp C∂pw \ne-\n¬°p-∂p. s{]m^-k¿ ta\m-t®-cn-sb-°p-dn®v Fgp-Xp-tºmƒ ssa°nƒ B©-tembpsS Cu Nn{X-amWv Fs‚ Hm¿Ω-bn¬ hcp-∂-Xv. At±lw Xøm-dm-°nbn-´p≈ {InkvXy≥ F≥ssk-t¢m-]o-Un-b, tXma-m]o-Unb F∂o {KŸßƒ°p-th≠n \S-Ønb b⁄-߃ AXn-km-l-kn-I-am-Wv. At±lw Xnc-s™-SpØ hnj-b-߃ Ah Fgp-Xp-hm≥ At\z-jn®p Is≠-Ønb iX°-W-°n\p Fgp-Øp-Im¿, AXns‚ C‚-Ivkp-Iƒ, F√m-‰n\pw th≠n sNe-h-gn® kabw ˛ F√mw CXnlm-k-ambn amdn. At±-l-sØ-t∏mepw B›-cy-s∏-Sp-Øp∂hn[w C¥y-bnse ss{IkvXhsc-°p-dn®p F√mw kam- l-cn-®p≈ B IrXn-Iƒ ImesØ AXn-Po-hn®p \ΩpsS apºn¬ anI® Ncn{X krjvSn-bmbn Db¿∂p \n¬°p∂p F∂p kmcw. a‰mcpw ssIh-bv°m≥ ss[cy-s∏-SmØ ]e {]ÿm-\-ß-fnepw 43 {]h¿Øn-°p-Ibpw ]e¿°pw am¿§Z¿in BIp-Ibpw sNbvX Akm[mcW {]Xn-`m-im-en-bmWv {]^-k¿ ta\m-t®-cn. At±lw ap≥ssI FSpØn-√m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ k`-sb-°p-dn®pw kaq-l-sØ-°p-dn®pw C∂p≈ shfn®w \q‰m-≠n\p e`n-°n-√m-bn-cp-∂p. ]pXnb ]pXnb hgn-Øm-c-Iƒ sh´n-sb-Sp-°m≥ F√m-h¿°pw Ign-bn-√-t√m. AXn-Xo-{h-amb B¥-cnI i‡n-bp-≈-h¿t° CØcw amep-an-I-fm-Ip-hm≥ Ign-bq. H®-∏mSpw henb _l-fhp-sam-∂p-an-√msX ]c-aim-¥\m-bn-´mWv henb krjvSn-bpsS ap∂n¬ At±lw hym]-cn-®-Xv. Hcp hnπ-h-Im-cn-bp-sStbm, AXnkml-kn-I-X-bp-tStbm Ip∏mbw AWn-bmsX Hcp henb Ne-\Øns‚ BZy-I-Æn-bmbn At±lw amdp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. hnkva-b-\o-b-amwhn[w hnπ-h-I-c-ambn henb H®-∏m-Sp-≠m-°p-∂-Xn-e√, A®-S-°-Øns‚ sabvhg°w ImWn-°p-∂-Xn-eq-sS-bmWv s{]m^-k¿ ta\m-t®cn t\´-߃ ssIh-cn-®-Xv. ssh°Øp (tIm-X-h-d) h®p \S∂ tIcf lnÃdn tIm¨{K v hm¿jnI ktΩ-f\Øn¬ s\Sp-¶p∂w Ahm¿Up \¬In-bt∏m-gmWv {]^- k¿ ta\m-t®-cn-bp-ambn ASpØp ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. ]ecpw kwkm-cn°p-Ibpw {]I-Sn-∏n-°p-∂Xpw sNøp-∂-Xp-t]mse, a\- n√ma\-t m-sS Ahm¿Uv kzoI-cn-°p-∂-hsc t]msetbm Ahm¿Up \nc-kn®pv am[y-aß-fn¬ {i≤- ]n-Sn®p]‰p-∂-hsc t]msetbm Bbn-cp-∂n√ IYm-]p-cp-j≥. Xm≥ Ncn-{X-Øn\pw k`bv°pw \¬Inb kw`m-h-\-I-sf-°p-dn®p kzmht_m[w t\Snb Bfm-bn-´mWv At±lw {]Xy-£-s∏-´-Xv. tIcf lnÃdn tIm¨{K- ns‚ sshkv {]kn-U‚pw sImX-hd ktΩ-f-\-Øns‚ apJy kwLm- S - \ - I - \ p- a mb Rm≥ Bh- i y- s ∏- ´ - X p- t ]mse _tbm- U m- ‰ bpw t^mt´m-bp-sa√mw Ab®pXcn-Ibpw hfsc hn\-bm-\zn-X\mbn ktΩ-f\\Kcn-bn-seØn Ahm¿Uv G‰p-hm-ßp-Ibpw sNbvXXv G‰hpw [\y-amb \nanj-am-bn-cp-∂p. Iemin¬]-ßfn-eq-sSbpw hmkvXpin¬]-ßfn-eq-sSbpw Ncn-{X-Øn\p ]pXnb cp]-krjvSn \¬Im-\m-Ip-sa∂v s{]m^-k¿ ta\m-t®cn hniz-kn®p. At\-I-a-t\Iw Zp¿L-S-Ic-amb bm{X-Iƒ \S-Øn-bmWv ssZhmebin¬]-ß-fpsS Nmcp-Xbpw aqeyhpw Is≠-Øm≥ s{]m^-k¿ ta\mt®-cn°v Ign-™-Xv. ]≈n-Ifnse Ie-I-sf-°p-dn®pv Fw.-Sn. hmkp-tZ-h≥ \mb¿ amXr-`q-an-bn¬ ]{Xm-[n-]-cm-bn-cn-°p-tºmƒ 1978-˛¬ {]kn-≤o-I-cn® teJ\]c-ºc A°m-eØv Gsd-t∏-cpsS {i≤m-tI-{µ-ambnØo¿∂p. B teJ-\-ßfpsS tXmXp-]n-Sn®v sslµht£{X-ß-fnse Ie-I-sf-°p-dn®p ]Tn-°m≥ Bthiw D≠m-bn. hmkvXpin¬]-Øns‚ A\¥km[y-X-I-fntebv°mWv ta\m-t®cn Xo{h-Xtb-dnb shfn®w hoin-bXv. AXns‚ shfn®-Øn¬ hfsc hnI-kn-Xhpw kmwkv°m-cn-Iambn Db¿∂-Xp-amb Hcp kaql-Øn\p am{Xta hmkvXpin¬∏-Øn¬ ssIh-bv°p-hm≥ Ign-bq. B \ne44 bn¬ Hcp kap-Zm-b-Øns‚ kmwkv°m-cnIhf¿®sb Af-°m-\p≈ am\Zfiw IqSn-bmWv hmkvXp-in¬∏-߃. Aßs\ ta\m-t®-cn-bpsS Kthj-W-ØneqsS Ncn-{X-Øns‚ Ccp-f-S™ taJ-e-I-fn-tebv°v shfn®w hoim≥ klm-bn-®n-´p-≠v. ]Iz-amb s]cp-am‰w, EjnXp-ey-amb `mhw, ]c-kv]cw ASp-∏n-°p∂ t\m´w ˛ F√mw At±-l-Øns‚ PohnXhnP-bØn¬ D]-Im-c-{]-Z-am-bn-´p≠v F∂v F\n°v tXm∂n-bn-´p-≠v. Bcp-am-bn´v CS-s∏-´mepw B km∂n≤yw A\p-`hn-°m-\p≈ Xzc Ah-ti-jn-∏n-®n-´mWv At±lw IS∂pt]mIp-∂-Xv. A{Xbpw Im¥nIi‡n B t\m´-Øn\pw `mh-Øn\pw D≠v. h¿j-ß-tfmfw \o≠p-\n∂ Nn¥bpw Nn¥-bn¬ \n∂v D¬∏-∂-amb `mh-hp-amWv AXns‚ ]n∂n-ep-≈-Xv. Ipeo-\-X-bp-sSbpw {]b-Xv\-Øn-s‚bpw Bƒcq-]-amWv s{]m^-k¿ ta\m-t®-cn. A¬am-b¿°v B≤ym-flo-Ihpw ssZh-im-kv{X-]-c-hp-amb ASn-Ød \¬I-W-sa∂p Ct∏mƒt]mepw ]e k`mt\Xm-°fpw IcpXp∂n-√. A¬am-b¿ k`-bn-se√mw ]tcm-£-ambn kl-I-cn-®m¬ aXn-sb∂v hnizkn-°p-∂hcmWv A[nIw t]cpw. A¬am-b¿°v cmP-Io-bamb ZuXyw k`- bn-ep-s≠-∂p-≈Xp t_m≤y-s∏-´n-´n-√. F∂m¬ s{]m^-k¿ F{X apºpXs∂ ssZh- i m- k v { X- Ø nepw XXz- i m- k v { X- Ø nepw ASn- b p- d ® Hcp A¬amb\ncsb hm¿sØ-Sp-°-W-sa∂v A`n-e-jn-®p. AXn-\p-th≠n tImgvkp-Ifpw {Iao-I-c-W-ßfpw \n¿t±-in®p {]mh¿Øn-I-am-°n. Nn¥-bpsSbpw Pohn-X-Øn-s‚bpw kpk-÷-amb lrZ-b-ap-≈-h¿°p am{Xta PohnX-Øns‚ {]Xn-k-‘n-Ifnepw \n¿Æm-bI-L-´-ß-fnepw ]nSn®p \n¬°m\mhp F∂v s{]m^-k¿ Dd®p hniz-kn-®n-cp-∂p. s{]m^-ksdt∏mse-bp≈ Iptd- t]-cpsS {]h¿Ø-\-^-e-am-bn-´mWv tIc-f-Ønepw C¥y-bnepw kpi‡-amb Iptd A¬ambt\Xm-°ƒ Db¿∂p-h∂Xv. Ah-cn-eqsS BWt√m - C\nbpw k` Nen-t°-≠-Xv. k¿t∆-iz-c≥ \¬Inb B¥-cnIi‡n Dƒs°m≠v Xm≥ Pohn-°p∂ Ime-L-´sØ tXP- p-‰-Xm-°nb s{]m^k¿ ta\m-t®-cn-bpsS [\y-amb {]bmWw XpS-cs´ F∂m-iw-kn-°p-∂p. 45 ZenXv_‘p F≥.-sI. tPmkv. Ncn{XkmlnXyafi-e-Øn¬ s{]m^. tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®-cn°v F∂pw Ccn-∏nSw D≠m-bn-cn-°pw `qX-Imekw`-h-ßsf ]p\-h-X-cn-∏n®v h¿Ø-am\Ime-Øn¬ Ie-l-ap≠m- ° m- \ pw, h¿Ø- a m\ImesØ ]pXp°n ]Wn- b m\pw Ncn{XkmlnXyImc-∑m¿°v Ignbpw. F∂m¬ Ncn{Xkw`-h-߃ ]p\-ch-Xcn-∏n®v Ie-lap-≠m-°m≥ Xmev]cyw ImWn-°mØ, Ncn-{X-ho-Yn-Ifn¬ {]Imiw ]c-Øp∂, sNdp-Xn-cn-Iƒ IØn®p hbv°p-I-sb∂ {hXw kzoIcn®v Ncn-{X-Øn¬ {]XnjvT t\Snb BfmWv s{]m^. tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®cn. tIcfm lnÃdn tIm¨{Kkv {]kn-U≠v F∂ \ne-bn¬ Cu Atkmkn-tb-j-\nse Hcp Ub-d-IvS-dmbn {]h¿Øn-®p-t]m-cp∂ s{]m^. ta\mt®-cn-b-ap-ambn F\n°v D‰-_‘w h®p ]pe¿Øm≥ Ign-™p. Rm≥ CXn¬ A`n-am\wsIm≈p-∂p. s{]m^. tPm¿÷ns\-°p-dn®v ]d-bp-tºmƒ, c≠p \mev Imcy-߃ FSpØp ]d-tb-≠-Xm-bn-´p-≠v. ]c∂ hmb-\-bmWv At±-l-Øn-t‚Xv. F¥n-s\-∏-‰nbpw Bg-ambn ]Tn-°pw. Bh-iy-amb Imcy-߃ Ipdn-®ph®v Ah-sb-°p-dn®v a\\w\SØn kz¥w \nK-a\߃ Xpd∂ a\-t msS - Bhn-jv°-cn-°pw. Kth-jWat\m-`m-h-amWv At±-l-Øns‚ as‰mcp {]tXy-IX. 45 hb v Ign-bp-tºmƒ Kth-j-W-Øn-ep≈ Xmev]cyw ]e Ncn-{X-Imc≥am¿°pw Ipd™p Ipd™p hcpw. s{]m^. tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®cnbmIs´, ]ns∂bpw ]ns∂bpw agp-hn\v aq¿® Iq-´n-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-IbmWv sNbvX-Xv. AXp-sIm≠v At±-l-Øn\v t{ijvT-amb Ncn{X IrXn-Iƒ cNn-°m≥ km[n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. aq∂m-asØ {]tXy-IX ITn-\m-≤zm-\-io-e-am-Wv. Ign™ \m¬∏Xv h¿jw At±lw ITn-\m-≤zm-\Øn¬ G¿s∏-´n-cp∂ Imcyw At±-lØns‚ ho´p-Im¿°-dn-bmw, D‰ kplr-Øp-°ƒ°-dn-bmw. Pohn-X-Øns‚ \nc-h-[n46 bmb _l-f-ß-fn¬ \n∂v `qX-Im-e-Øns‚ Nmc-Øn¬ Hfn™p InS∂ \nc-h-[n-bmb hkvXp-X-Isf DuXn sXfn-s®-Sp-°m≥ At±-l-Øn\p Ign™p. s{]m^. tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®-cnbpsS IrXn-Iƒ°v KpW-ta-∑tb-dnb D≈S°w am{X-a√ D≈-Xv, Gsd hen-∏-ta-dn-b-Xp-am-Wv. _rlXv-{K-Ÿ-ß-fnepsS Ncn{XhkvXp-X-Isf temI-Øn\v shfn-s∏-SpØns°mSpØp At±lw. ae-bm-f-Øn¬ am{X-a√, Cw•ojv `mj-bnepw At±-l-Øns‚ henb IrXn-Iƒ {]kn-≤o-Ir-X-am-bn-´p-≠v. Ahbv°v ]cs° AwKo-Im-chpw e`n®n-´p-≠v. ]Whpw A≤zm-\hpw ka-bhpw Btcm-Kyhpw [mcm-fambn sNeh-gn®v Ncn{Xkmln-Xy-Ir-Xn-Iƒ cNn®v Ncn{XkmlnXyafi-e-Øn¬ At±lw kz¥-ambn ‘CSw’ Is≠-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. Cu ‘Itkc’ B¿°pw Ffp-∏-Øn¬ FSp-Øp-am-‰m≥ Ign-bp-I-bp-an-√. A∏m∏≥ ]pØ≥]pc Ip™phdoXv, Im´q¿ A∏≥ Fcnt™cn tXma sIm®utk∏v 47 ^m. sFk°v Be-∏m´v ]me-Øn-¶¬ kn.-Fw.-sF. Fs‚ _mey-Im-e-kp-lrØv Ata-cn-°≥ t\mh-enÃv tembnUv kn. U•- ns‚ {]kn-≤-amb Hcp t\mh-emWv ‘Zn tdm_v’ (The Robe). {InkvXp-hns‚ Ipcn-ip-a-c-W-Øn¬ tdma≥ ]´m-f°m¿ Ahn-SpsØ tae¶nbv°mbn \dp-°n-Sp-∂p. AXv tdma≥ iXm-[n-]-\mb am¿k-e n\p In´p-∂p. X\n°p In´nb B ]cp-°≥ hkv{Xw Iøn-se-Sp-Ø-t∏mƒapX¬ A\n¿∆-N-\o-b-amb Hcp Akz-ÿX At±-lsØ _m[n-°p-∂p. ]e-kvXo-\m-bnse GtXm \m´n≥]pdØv s\bv s X- S p- Ø - X mWpv B hkv { X- s a∂ \nK- a - \ - Ø n¬ B Ip{Kmaw ImWm\pw AXp s\bvsX-SpØ ]mh-s∏-´-hsc Is≠-Øm\pw am¿k-e v \n›-bn-®p-d-bv°p-∂p. tae¶n s\bvX-hsc tXSn ]pd-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn-\p- apºv tdma≥ ssk\y-Ønse Xs‚ D∂X DtZymKw At±lw cmPn-sh-bv°p∂p. XpS¿∂p ]e-kvXo-\-bnse \m´n≥ ]pd-ß-fmb \m´n≥ ]pd-ß-fnsems° Ae™p Xncn-bp-∂p. Ah-km\w {InkvXp-hns‚ tae¶n s\bvXncn-°p-∂Xp-t]mse hkv{Xw s\øp∂ ]mh-s∏´hcmb {Kmao-Wsc At±lw Is≠-Øp-∂p. Ah¿ {InkvXym-\n-I-fm-sW∂p Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂p. k¥pjvS-cmb Ah-cpsS kmao-]y-Øn¬ Ahm-Ny-amb B¥-cnI kam-[m\hpw kwXr-]vXnbpw At±-lØn\p e`n-°p-∂p. am¿k-e v {InkvXp-am¿§w kzoIcn-°p-∂p. Cßs\ t]mIp∂p U•- ns‚ ‘Zn tdm_v’ F∂ t\mh-ense IY. Xs‚ sNdp-a-Iƒ ‘Ubm-\-v’bpsS {]Xn-{iq-X-h-c-\mb am¿k-e- ns‚ hnth-I-an-√mØ {]hrØn-sb-°p-dn-®-dn-bp-tºmƒ tdma≥ N{I-h¿Øn-bmb Xnt_-cn-bqkv tcmjw-sIm≠p ]d-bp-∂ Hcp hmN-I-ap≠v t\mh-en¬, {i≤m¿l-amb Hcp hmNIw: “All philosophers are sick in head”. XXzNn-¥-I-∑m-sc√mw Indp-°-∑m-cm-Wv. CXm-Wm-hm-N-Iw. XXz-Nn-¥-I¿ am{Xa√, {]Xy-£-Øn¬ A¿∞-iq-\y-ambn km[m-c-W-°m¿°p tXm∂p-∂Xpw F∂m¬ BXy-¥nI hni-I-e-\-Øn¬ al-Ø-c-am-b-Xp-am-bh FØn-∏n-Sn°m≥th≠n PohnXw Dgn-™p-sh-bv°p-∂-h-sc-√m-hcpw shdpw Indp-°-∑m48 c-√, apgpIndp-°-∑m-cm-sW-∂mWv F\n°p tXm∂p-∂-Xv. HcpXcw alØmb Indp-°p- _m-[n-®, hn. {^m≥kokv A o-kn-sb-t∏mse \nc-h[n alm-flm-°ƒ k`-bn-¬ D-≠m-bn-´p-≠v. k`-bn¬ am{X-a-√, GXp taJ-ebn-em-bm-epw, kz¥- `u-XnIt\´-ßsf ]cn-K-Wn-°msX, D∂-X-amb Imcy߃°p-th≠n PohnXw Dgn-™p-sh® hy‡n-Isf ImWmw. Xnt_-cnbqkv N{I-h¿Øn Indp-°-∑m-sc∂p hnti-jn-∏n-®-h¿! C°q-´-cmWv a\pjy\pw Ahs‚ kwkv°m-c-߃°pw Aaq-ey-amb kw`m-h\ \¬In-bh¿. Fs‚ _mey-Im-e-kp-lr-Ømb s{]m^-k¿ tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®cnsb°p-dn®v Nn¥n-°p-tºmƒ F\n-t°m¿Ω hcp-∂Xv tdma≥ N{I-h¿Øn Xnt_-cn-bqkv Xs‚ ssk\y-Ønse iXm-[n-]-\mb am¿k-e- ns\ hntijn-∏n® hm°p-I-fm-Wv. All philosophers are sick in head. am¿k-e v Hcp ]g-b- Xp-Wn-bpw-sIm≠v Bth-i-tØm-sS, A¿∏-W-t_m-[-tØmsS Kthj-WØn\v C-dßn-bXp-t]mse, s{]m^-k¿ tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®-cn tIcfk`bpsS KX-Ime{]Xm-]-Øns‚ IY ]d-bp∂ CSn-™p-s]m-fn™ sI´n-Sß- f pw, aßnb Npa¿Nn{X- ß fpw, {Zhn® sNt∏- S p- I fpw tXSn Ae™p\S∂,v temIØns‚ ZrjvSn-bn¬ Pohn-°m≥ ad-∂p-t]mb Hcmfm-Wv. s{]m^-k¿ tPm¿÷v Fs∂mcp Kth-j-I≥ C√m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ tIc-f-Ønse ss{IkvX-h-k` C∂m-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse [\y-bm-Ip-ambn-cp-∂n-√. Ign™Imekw`-h-ß-fpsS h¿Æ-i-_-f-amb bh-\nI ]›mØ-e-am°n, s{]m^-k¿ ta\m-t®-cn tIcfk`-bpsS Nn{Xw hc-bv°p-∂Xp ImWp-tºmƒ At±-lØns‚ Cu _mey-Im-ekp-lrØv kXy-Øn¬ A`nam\wsIm≈p-∂p. h¿j-߃°p- ap-ºv, henb {]k-cn-s∏m∂pw IqSmsX, Im´q¿ F∂ {Kma-Ønse t]mws] sk‚ v tacokv sslkv°q-fn-tebv°v Hcp-an-®p -\S∂p \oßp-tºmƒ tPm¿÷v tIcf-k`bv°v C{X-tbsd Aaq-ey-amb kw`mh\ sNøp-sa∂v Rm≥ Icp-Xn-bn-√. tIc-fo-b¿, {]tXy-In®v Chn-SsØ {InkvXym-\n-Iƒ, Bh-iy-Øn\p Ncn-{Xm-h-t_m[w D≈-h-c-√. B Ipdhns‚ Zqjy-^-e-߃ tIc-f-k` A\p-`-hn-°p-∂p-≠v. KX-Imekw`-h-ßsf-°p-dn-®v A-dn-bm\pw AXn¬ A`n-am\wsIm≈m\pw Ign-™mte \ap°p Bflm-`n-am-\-w D-≠m-hp-I-bp-≈p. \ap°v Xd-hm-Sn-Ø-ap-s≠∂p ]d-bm≥ Ign-b-W-sa-¶n¬ ap≥-ImeNcn-{X-sØ-°p-dn-®-v Adn-b-Ww. Cu taJ-e-bnemWv s{]m^-k¿ tPm¿÷v \ap°v Aaq-ey-amb kw`m-h\ \¬In-b-Xv. At±lw k]vXXn BtLm-jn-°p∂ Cu A\¿L-ap-lq¿Ø-Øn¬ ssZhw At±-lsØ kar-≤am-bn A\p-{K-ln-°s´ F∂v Cu _mey-Im-ekp-lrØv Biw-kn-°p-∂p. 49 Interrogating the Received Notions: Prof. George Menacherry and the History of the St. Thomas’ College, Trichur Dr. N. J. Francis The history of the St. Thomas’ College, Trichur—an institution with which Prof. George Menacherry has associated himself in various capacities for the last forty-six years—has also been a theme of the scholarly inquiries and pursuits undertaken by Prof. Menacherry along with a gamut of other questions of socio-cultural, religious and art-historical significance pertaining to the Syrian Christian community in India. This brief article looks into the contributions of Prof. Menacherry in bringing out and popularising the history of the St. Thomas’ College, Trichur, the first Catholic private College in Kerala that has bequeathed a rich legacy to modernity in Kerala through educational activities and intellectual initiatives for more than a century. The nature of Prof. Menacherry’s perception of what the St. Thomas’ College stood for as well as his engagement with what the College has been doing during the last one century of its existence as the premier centre of higher learning in central Kerala placed him in a unique position to develop, by the 1980’s, an outline of a history of the College. This outline has effectively gone into the making of the more comprehensive proposals in recent times for a detailed intellectual history of this College in the context of a wider history of education in modern Kerala and the role of the Catholic Church in such a history. A comprehensive effort at looking back at the history of the College dates back to the Golden Jubilee, in 1969, of the up-gradation of this educational institution as a Second Grade College affiliated to the University of Madras in 1919, at a time when the institution was already thirty years old. There were, of course, attempts at reviewing the educational past of the College as had been done in 1925 by Fr. John Palocaren, the first Principal of the College, in connection with the raising of the College as the first First Grade College in the princely state of Cochin in June 1925. Yet another attempt at reconstructing 50 the history of the College was the occasion of the Diamond Jubilee in 1979 of the affiliation of the College to the University of Madras. It is time now to point out the basic features of these attempts at historicising the past of the St. Thomas’ College. This will locate the interventions of Prof. Menacherry in rectifying the blurring of certain significant data pertaining to the history of the College that took place on certain occasions of reviewing its past. The first historical review was the one attempted in 1969 in the context of the Golden Jubilee of the affiliation of the College to the University of Madras. Prof. Menacherry was, at this time, only a young member of the teaching staff, barely thirty-one years old, but already on the scholarly pursuits for which he later earned national and international acclaim. In spite of the earnestness and rigour of the Golden Jubilee celebrations, what escaped the event was the historical significance of the three decades of the institutional past that lay behind “St. Thomas’ College, Trichur” prior to 1919. The Golden Jubilee Souvenir 1, too, missed the fact that what happened in 1919 was not the founding of any new institution, as many people in the College as well as even outside still seem to think, but only the starting of a Junior Intermediate Class and a College Department. In fact, the Head Master became the head of both the High School wing as well as the College Department. We have enough evidence to believe that both the wings together constituted the same institution for a long time until developments within the machinery of Governments necessitated the 51 Prof. Menacherry welcoming the gathering at the Old Boys’ Day in connection with the Diamond Jubilee Celebrations, 1979-80 The Cover of the Diamond Jubilee Commemoration Volume bifurcation of the College from the school or vice versa. Viewed in the light of changing Government rules and regulations, these institutions which are in many respects older than the Governments that administered them, tended to review their past based on these changes. In fact, the College operated within the administrative space provided by the princely state of Cochin on the hand and the Government of Madras Presidency under the British on the other. It is equally pertinent now to go further back and read the first ever historical note on the College, by Rev. Fr. John Palocaren, the first Principal,2 in 1925, whereby he considered Dr. Adolphus E. Medlycott as one of the three successive Founders of the College, the other two being Mar John Menacherry and Mar Francis Vazhapilly. Here we have the first clear perception of how the “St. Thomas’ College” took its birth. We do not know the circumstances under which the collective and shared memory of the real beginnings of the College began to blur from the archival records of the College as well as from the popular memories. When the history of the College subsequently got percolated down to the students and the public at large in central Kerala, a fragmented view of its history was what came to be cherished. Thus, the College Calendars of the 1970’s and 1980’s began to carry in the preface such statements as “It was founded by the Rt. Rev. Dr. John Menacherry, the Bishop and Vicar Apostolic of Trichur, in April, 1919 ...” It is in this context that the intervention of Prof. Menacherry becomes crucial in rectifying this blurring of evidence by reinstating into the history of the College its real founder—Dr. Adolphus Edwin Medlycott, Ph D, the one time Professor at the Propaganda College in Rome, author of India and the Apostle Thomas (London, 1905), and an internationally reputed historian of the Syrian Christians of South Asia. It is the Diamond Jubilee Commemoration Volume of the College that offered Prof. Menacherry the site for questioning the way the history of the College was till then perceived and for proposing an alternate perspective. He Prof. Menacherry listening to a Medlycott Lecture 52 Prof. Menacherry at the Third Medlycott Lecture, on 2nd March, 2007, seeking clarification from Prof. M.G.S. Narayanan was himself the Joint Convenor and Managing Editor of the Diamond Jubilee Commemoration Volume Committee, with the late P. Thomas, another reputed scholar of history and author of several renowned books on history, religion, culture, and art,3 as the Convenor. The two essential features of Prof. Menacherry’s revision of the history of the College are 1) the reinstating of Dr. A. E. Medlycott as the founder of the College, and 2) the placing of the history of the College against the background of the history of the Syrian Christian community in India as a whole, and not in terms of the personal interests and capabilities of certain individuals, be they prelates or clerics or academics. The shift of emphasis brought in by Prof. Menacherry is aptly portrayed on the very cover design of the Diamond Jubilee Commemoration Volume itself. In fact, the very celebration of the Diamond Jubilee symbolically began with a Dipasikha brought from Kodungallur where, according to Syrian Christian tradition, the Apostle Thomas first landed on the Malabar Coast. The said volume contained, more as a preface and statement of the new historical insight, a two-page explanation4 as to why the St. Thomas’ Cross in granite was portrayed on the cover of the Diamond Jubilee Commemoration Volume. It also carried extensive quotations from what the editor of the volume referred to as “our founder’s work on our Patron.”5 Thus, the very history, and the intellectual and scholastic activity that were part of the St. Thomas’ College began to be viewed as an adjunct of the history and activities of the Syrian Christian community as a whole in India. Something more about the less-known work of the founder of “the St. Thomas’ College” needs to be stated here in way of clarification in the light of 53 an article written by Dr. A. E. Medlycott himself on the history of the Thomas Christians.6 In the last section of this article, Dr. Medlycott deals with the near contemporary history and activities of the new Vicariate of Trichur, which helps us to add an interesting note on Medlycott’s conception of the “College.” On his own activities, he wrote: “… he took early steps to open as many elementary parish schools as possible; within nine years (1888-96) the vicariate was provided with no less than 231 elementary parish schools …, besides a high school (St. Thomas’ College), with 95 students; … …, and plans were prepared to house the above college in a handsome structure. This was the condition of things when the bishop went to Europe on sick leave”7 (italics added) in 1895. This reminds us of the long term vision of Dr. Medlycott and proves beyond doubt that what he founded was, in fact, a real college itself and not an elementary school. The burden of constructing this “handsome” building fell on Mar John Menacherry, who was appointed Vicar Apostolic in 1896, on plans that were already prepared and finalised by “our founder,” in the familiar words of Prof. George Menacherry. Msgr. Palocaren wrote in 1925 that “a well-known engineer, who had occasion to visit the College, after contemplating the edifice for a while, turned to the present writer and exclaimed: “A magnificent pile. He is a genius who planned it!”8 though it had been forgotten Prof. Menacherry at the First Medlycott by that time as to who actually planned the Lecture, on 20th January, 2005, seeking “handsome structure” for the College. clarification from Prof. M. R. Raghava It was in order to highlight the scholarship of the founder of the College and rekindle the spirit of an interdisciplinary dialogue—a tradition set by Dr. Medlycott himself—that the Medlycott Foundation was established by some academics who believe in the necessity for dialogue among researchers, scholars, intellectuals, and all those who can partake in the quest for truth. Prof. Menacherry has been the adviser of the Foundation since its inception in 2005. I dedicate this brief write-up as a token of my admiration to the historical scholarship and antiquarian pursuits of Prof. George Menacherry, whose secular and scholarly engagements with the history and prospects of a community took him to many roads not trodden so far. It was from my revered teacher, Professor M. G. S. Narayanan, onetime Chairman of the Indian Council for Historical Research, that I first heard of Prof. Menacherry, when I was still a 54 Varier postgraduate student at the Department of History, University of Calicut. Much later, Dr. George Michell, a leading authority on pre-modern Indian architecture, told me how Prof. Menacherry’s works on the Christian Church architecture of Kerala helped him when he edited two volumes on the wooden sculptural traditions of south India for the National Centre for the Performing Arts.9 I sent a letter to Prof. Menacherry the same day of my meeting Dr. Michell, who introduced me to early Indian temple architecture at the British Museum in 2003. As I went through the shelves of the library of the School of Oriental and African Studies of the University of London, I did come across the volumes published by Prof. Menacherry, many of which were frequently borrowed and read by researchers in that part of the world as well. I wish Prof. Menacherry many more decades of fruitful historical scholarship and antiquarian pursuits. * Reader and Head, Dept. of History, St. Thomas’ College, Trichur. He was a Fellow of the Indian Institute of Advanced Study, Shimla. Presently, he is UGC Research Awardee at the Dept. of History, University of Calicut. (Footnotes) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Golden Jubilee Souvenir, Trichur: St. Thomas College, Trichur, 1969. Rev. J. Palocaren, The College and its Founders The St. Thomas College Magazine, Vol. I, nos. 1 & 2, June-September, 1925, pp. 4-11. The leading works of P. Thomas include Christians and Christianity in India and Pakistan, London: George Allen & Unwin, 1954; and Churches in India, New Delhi: Publications Division, Govt. of India, 1964 Diamond Jubilee Commemoration Volume, pp. 7-8 Diamond Jubilee Commemoration Volume, p. 8 A. E. Medlycott, ‘Thomas Christians’ in The Catholic Encyclopedia: An International Work of Reference on the Constitution, Doctrine, Discipline, and History of the Catholic Church, Vol. XIV, ed. by Charles G. Herbermann et. al, New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1912, pp. 678-688. A. E. Medlycott, ‘Thomas Christians’ in The Catholic Encyclopedia, p. 688. Rev. J. Palocaren, ‘The College and its Founders’, St. Thomas College Magazine Vol. I, Nos. 1 & 2, June-September,, 1925, p. 6. George Michell ed., Marg, Vol. XLII, No. 3 (Wooden Traditions of Kerala and Karnataka) and Living Wood: Sculptural Traditions of Southern India, Bombay: Marg Publications, 1992. His other titles include The Hindu Temple: An Introduction to its Meaning and Forms, London, 1977, Art and Architecture of Southern India, Cambridge, 1995 etc. amXm]nXm°fpsS hnhmlw 55 Professor George Menachery A. M. Mundadan CMI The Tireless Searcher after St Thomas Christian Heritage It gives me immense happiness to join his other friends and well wishers to warmly greet this heritage-minded professor in the full bloom of his Saptati. It was in the 1960s my acquaintance with Prof. George Menachery started. One day his brother James and the professor came to see me. Young and energetic his enthusiasm and firm determination to dedicate himself to the cause of the Christian heritage of India shone brightly in his youthful face and in his inspired words. He was launching a great project—a series of what he called St Thomas Christian Encyclopedia of India. He wanted my collaboration in this grand venture. Another time he took me to his home at Ollur—a home that was fast turning into a heritage house, a continuation of the tradition his maternal grandfather Kunjuvareed had established. Kunjuvareed’s house at Kattur had been a marvel of traditional Kerala architecture, with a library full of old tomes related to the history of Christianity and several antiques that symbolized an earlier era. George was then teaching English literature at the prestigious St Thomas’ College, Thrissur. An earnest teacher though he was of English literature, George’s first love was Christian history and Christian archeology. Finally when this dream project of the Encyclopedia was launched he was kind enough to include my name in the Board of Editorial Consultants. I wrote an article for Vol. II: “History of St Thomas Christianity in India to the Present Day”. I was also able to provide Prof. Menachery with some colour slides of churches of Kerala and their art treasures which we had collected for the Dharmaam College Exhibition during the celebration of the 19th centenary of the death of St Thomas the Apostle, 1972. Many of George’s friends wondered whether the project would materialize 56 or would remain at the dream level. I too was somewhat sceptical. But Prof. George surprised all when the news was flashed that volume two was going to be released by His Eminence Joseph Cardinal Parecattil in the presence of His Holiness Catholicos Baselius Angen I. Actually the book was released on 7 April 1973 almost coinciding with the culmination of the 19th Centenary celebrations of the Death of St Thomas. At another grand function on 3 July 1973 Joseph Cardinal Parecattil presented copies of the volume to the then Governor of Kerala Sri N. N. Vanchoo. Both the functions were widely covered by the media and the Encyclopedia got good publicity. The book and its skilful editor George became celebrities overnight. We were all wonderstruck when we got in our hands the grant size volume in magnificent class and style. Great acclaim not only from the general public but from the part of scholars and learned persons greeted the monumental work and its author. One reviewer wrote that the Encyclopedia with authoritative articles, reproductions of ancient documents and colour pictures, rich with maps, tables and plates is a highly recommended reference tool for hard to obtain information. Others remarked that they knew nothing better as a reference book on Christianity in India than the St Thomas Christian Encyclopedia. For most people this lavishly produced work rarely found in India was an extraordinary publishing achievement with scholarly serenity and reliability—a compendious and comprehensive work with a remarkable coverage of the whole ground - history, culture, customs, divisions, art, architecture, music, parish life, liturgical vestments, Christian traditional occupations, dance and drama, institutions, statistics and what not. The toil and moil Prof. Menachery underwent to get this monumental volume published are known, perhaps, only to a few of his close friends and relatives. I remember the pain he confined in his heart at the time of stress and strain. Some of his friends including me did what they could. But that was not much. I understand that he had to draw on his life’s savings and family property to get volume two out of the press. But the surprising thing is that George never showed at any time worry or anxiety. He went on with great optimism and full faith in God that the project, which he considered a divinity designated work, would succeed. Succeed, indeed, he did. He has emerged as the heritageminded professor and the ‘guardian angel’ of history and Christian cultural patrimony. Excellent publications followed: the first volume of the Encyclopedia; “The Nazranies” which is the first of several projected volumes of classics on history of Christianity in India. A cheaper but a more perfect edition of Vol. II of the Encyclopedia under the name ‘Thomapaedia’ has also seen light. The third volume of the Encyclopedia is ready for release. 57 This heritage person with his wide knowledge of the Church in Kerala and with a lot of precious collections of antiques is available for all people whenever they need his expert service. I organized two events here at Jeevass Kendram, one in 1999 on the Synod of Diamper and another a painting exhibition on ‘The Human Face of the Divine’ in 2004. On both occasions George was the main resource person. In 1999 he brought to Jeevass many of his personal collections and some special items borrowed from his parish church of Ollur. The audience were thrilled. With the sweet recollection of these and many other events may I offer Prof. George Menachery who is celebrating his Saptati my heartfelt thanks. I pray the Almighty to keep him in good health and the best of youthful spirit to serve the Church and society for many more years. apØ∏≥ tem\∏\pw apØnbΩ C´ym\hpw 58 henb Imcy-ß-fpsS Xºp-cm≥ s{]m^. tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®cn s{]m^. hn. F. h¿§okv s{]m^. tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®-cn-bpsS k]vXXnthf-bn¬ amWn-am-[h NmIym-cpsS tKmh¿≤-t\m-≤m-c-W-cw-K-amWv Fs‚ a\- n¬ sXfn-™p-hcp-∂-Xv. Akm-am\y hen-∏-Øn¬ apºn-ep-b¿∂v hne-kp∂ ]¿∆-XsØ NmIym¿ ASn-apSn \nco-£n-°pw. ]ns∂ c≠p ssIsIm≠pw AXns\ FSpØp s]m°m-\p≈ ]cn-{i-a-amWv \S-\-]-cn-k-am-]vXn-bn¬ tKmh¿≤\-]¿∆Xw ImWn-Iƒ°pw \S\pw CS-bn¬ ]Xps° s]mßn-hcpw. s{]m^. tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®-cn-bpsS Hmtcm {KŸhpw CXp-t]mse h≥a-eIƒ Db¿∂v hcp∂ A\p-`q-Xn-bmWv {]Zm\w sNøp-∂-Xv. tIcf ss{IkvX-h-cpsS ]pcm-X-\-N-cn-{X-Øns‚ Ccp-f-S™ GSp-I-fnte°v shfn®w hoim≥ s{]m^. tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®cn Xs‚ buh-\-ImeØv XpS-ßnb ]cn-{iaw {ItaW ^e-{]m]vXntbmS-Sp-°p-∂-Xmbn Ncn{X-cw-KØp≈h¿ A`n-{]m-bs∏-Sp-∂p. AtXm-sSm∏w C∂v \ne-hn-ep-≈Xpw \jvS{]m-bambn AXn-Po-h\w ImØvIn-S°p-∂Xp-amb Ncn-{X-km-a{Kn-Iƒ imkv{Xo-b-ambn tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-sh-°m-\p≈ {iaw At±lw ^-e-{]m-]vXnbn-se-Øn-®p. Aßs\ Xs‚ 35-˛mw hb- n¬ Xs∂ `mc-X-ss{I-kvX-hcpsS Ncn{X kma-{KnIƒ Dƒs°m-≈p∂ F≥ssk-t¢m-]o-Unb ]pd-Ønd°n \mSns\ hnkvabw sIm≈n®p. alm-\p-`m-h-\m-Wv, s{]m^. ta\m-t®cn. km[m-c-W-°m¿°v Z¥-tKm-]p-c-hm-kn-sb∂v tXm∂m-hp∂ Xcw {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn-emWv s{]m^. ta\m-t®cn hym]r-X-\m-bn-cp-∂-Xv. Xs‚ BImcw t]mse henb henb a\ pw At±lw kzmb-Ø-am°n. a\- p-t]mse henb {KŸ-߃ cNn-®p. \qdv IW-°n\v hnZ-Kv[¿ Ime-ßtfmfw ITn-\m-≤zm\w sNbvXv ]pd-Øn-d°p-∂XmWv hn⁄m-\tImi-߃. hnhn[ cmPy-ß-fnse 600 ¬ ]cw {KŸ-Im-c-∑msc AWn-\n-cØn-sIm-≠mWv sk‚ v tXmakv {InkvXy≥ F≥ssk-t¢m-]o-Un-bm-bpsS hmfy-߃ sNbvX-Xv. s{]m^. ta\m-t®cn C∂v 300 ¬]cw temI-k¿∆Iem-im-e-I-fn¬ d^-d≥kv {KŸ-ambn ta\m-t®-cn-bpsS IrXn-I-ƒ CSw 59 t\Sn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. `m-c-X-Øn¬ CZw-{]-Y-a-ambn (1975) Bcw-`n® Aevamb t\Xr-Xz-]-cnio-e\tI-{µ-Øns‚ (Xr-iq¿ AXn-cq-]Xbn¬) Ub-dIvSdmbn A∂p-ap-X¬ - - - C∂p-hsc {]h¿Øn-°p-∂p. “`mKy-h¥w {]kp-tbYmx amiqcw amN-]-WvUnXw” F∂ sNm√v {]Imcw `mKy-hm-s\-bmWv iqc-s\-tbm, ]WvUn-Xs\tbm A√ {]k-hn-t°-≠-Xv. F∂m¬ ta\m-t®-cn-bpsS AΩ ]WvUn-X\pw ]cn{i-aim-en-bpamb `m-Ky-hms\ {]k-hn-®p-sIm≠v taev]d™ ]g-s©m-√ns‚ kmcsØ ZznKp-Wo-`-hn-∏n-®p. Nne kplr-Øp-°-fp-ambn tN¿∂v sF^¬_pIvkv {]km-[-\-tI{µw ÿm]n®v 1968 ¬ {]K-¤cpsS 35 {KŸ-߃ H‰-bSn°v {]km-[\w sNbvXv ]pkvX-I-{]-km-[-I-cp-sS Ipe-]-Xn-bmb Un.-kn. Ing-t°-ap-dn-bpsSt]mepw {]iwk ]nSn-®p-]-‰nb Bfm-W-t±-lw. hnhn[ cmPy-ß-fn-embn 2 sIm√-Øn-te-sd-°mew hntZ-iØv Ign-™n´p≠v Ct±-lw. 1978 ¬ tPm¨ t]mƒ c≠m-a≥ am¿∏m-∏bpsS ÿm\mtcm-lWw dnt∏m¿´v sNøm≥ sN∂ 1500 ]{X-te-J-I-cn¬ tIm¨t¢hv ]cn-k-c-Øp sN√m≥ A\p-aXn e`n® hØn-°m≥ A{I-Un-t‰-j-\p≈ 68 t]cn¬ Hcm-fm-bn-cp∂p At±-lw. Un{Kn hnZym¿∞n-bm-bn-cnt° amkn-I-Iƒ {]Im-i\w sNbvXp. \thmZb A∏-®s‚ ss__nƒ F∂ tZiob Sn.-hn. kocn-b-e-S°w [mcmfw tUmIyp-sa‚dn kn\n-aIƒ \n¿Ωn-°p-Ibpw kwhn-[m\w sNøpIbpw D≠mbn. Bbnc-°W-°n\v t^mt´m-Iƒ {]km-[\w sNbvX \s√mcp t^mt´m{Km-^-dm-Wt±lw. \nc-h[n A¥¿tZ-iob, tZ-iob skan-\m-dp-I-fn¬ A≤y-£-\pw, {]_‘m-h-Xm-c-I-\p-am-bn. s]mXp-P-\-ß-tf-°mƒ Gsd aptº \S-°p∂ Cu alm-\p-`m-h≥ 1992 apX¬ Iºyq-´¿ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p. 1998 apX¬ kz¥w sh_vssk-‰p-I¬ Bcw-`n®v temI-\n-e-hm-c-Øn¬ \S-ØnsIm≠p-t]m-Ip∂p. [mcmfw cq]-X-Ifpw ]≈n-I-fpw k`m-ÿm-]-\-ßfpw sh_vssk‰v Bcw`n-®Xv s{]m^. ta\m-t®-cn-bpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn-em-bn-cp-∂p. s{]m^. ta\m-t®-cn-bpsS k]vXXn BtLm-jn-°m≥ R߃ \n¿∫‘n-®-t∏mƒ At±lw apt∂m-´p-sh® \n¿t±iw BtLmjw A{X-{]-[m-\a√ F∂pw Xm≥ \S∂ hgn-I-fn-eqsS k©-cn-°m≥ \m´p-Imsc {]tNm-Zn∏n-°m-\p-X-Ip∂ {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fmWv A`n-Imayw F∂p-am-bn-cp-∂p. 60 Iem-eb hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ°mbn am[y-a-in-ev]-im-e, htbm-P-\-߃°p kºq¿Æ sF.-Sn. km£-c-Xm-b-⁄w, Ncn-{Xkmwkv°m-cnI {]Z¿i-\w, B\-Ifpw \mS≥ hmZy-ß-fpw, ]qchpw s]cp-∂mfpw ]´p-Ip-Sbpw Hs°bmbn tLmj-bm-{X, tZio-b-˛-A-¥¿tZ-iob skan-\m-dp-Iƒ, k]vX-Xn-{KŸ-߃, k]vXXn sh_vssk-‰v, tImtfPv sse{_-dn-Iƒ°v A]q¿∆-{KŸ- k - a ¿∏- W w, DZv L m- S - \ w, kam- ] \w F∂p XpSßn Hcp Uk≥ _rlXv]≤-Xn-Iƒ Aßs\ hm¿∂p-ho-Wp. A\-\yhpw A]q¿∆hpw ]mc-ºcyKcn-abm¿∂-Xp-amb Hcp k]vXXn°v Xriq¿ km£yw hln-®Xv Aß-s\-bmWv. AXp-sIm-≠mWv s{]m^. tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®-cnsb henb Imcy-ß-fpsS Xºp-cm≥ F∂v Cu teJI≥ hnti-jn∏n°p-∂-Xv. A∏m∏≥ Fw.F¬ tXma, sIm®n cmPIob U¿_mdn¬ AΩma Geym°p´n amXm]nXm°ƒ 61 tUm. sI.-sI. cmlp-e≥ sjh-enbm¿ s{]m^. tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®cn {]K-¤\mb Hcp Cw•o-jv s{]m^-k¿ AXn-{]-i-kvX-\mb Hcp henb Ncn-{X-K-th-j-I-\mbn amdn h∂ AXy]q¿∆-amb Hcp sas‰m-tam¿t^mkn v BWv sjh-en-bm¿ s{]m^. tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®-cn- F∂ alm-\mb hy‡n-bpsS Pohn-X-Øn¬ \mw ImWp-∂-Xv. alm-\mb A≤ym-]-I≥, hnJym-X-\mb Kth-j-I≥, AP-ø-\mb Ncn-{X-]-WvUn-X≥, Du¿÷z-kz-e\mb Iem kmwkv°m-cnI {]h¿Ø-I≥, i‡-\mb ]{Xm-[n-]¿, k¿§-[\-\mb k`m-N-cn-{X-Im-c≥, hnJym-X-\mb temI-k-©m-cn, \√ kwLm-SI≥, {KŸ-I¿Øm-hpw, {]km-[-I\pw kvt\l-k-º-∂-\mb Hcp kplrØv, k¿t∆m-]cn Hcp P‚n¬ta≥, CsX-√m-amWv BZ-cWo-b\mb s{]m^. tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®-cn. im¥-{]-Ir-Xn-bmb s{]m^. ta\m-t®-cnsb F√mhcpw CjvS-s∏-Spw. sk‚ v tXmakv tImtfPnse Cw•ojv Un∏m¿´psa‚ns‚ Xe-h-\mbncn°p-tºm-ƒ Xs∂ ss{IkvX-h-k`m Ncn-{X-c-N-\bnepw \n¿Ωm-W-Ønepw {]km-[-\-Ønepw imkv{Xo-b-ambn bp‡n-t_m[-tØmsS {i≤n-®n-cp∂ s{]m^. ta\m-t®-cn, dn´-b¿ sNbvX-tijw apgph≥ ka-bhpw ss{IkvXh Ncn{XKth-j-W-Øn¬ Nne-h-gn-°m\pw Aaqey-ß-fmb \nc-h[n Ncn{X {KŸ-߃ {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°m\pw kp{]-[m-\amb ]e {KŸ-ß-fpsS FUn-‰-dmbn amdm\pw Ign-™p. ss{IkvXh tZhmeb-ßfpsS Ncn-{X-cN\bn¬ C{X-b[nIw Xmev]cy-sa-Sp-Øh¿ tIc- - f-Øn¬ A[n-I-an-√. Cw•o-jv `mj-bn¬ t\Sn FSpØ AKm-[-amb ]mWvUnXyw -s{]m-^. ta\m-t®-cnsb Hcp henb Ncn-{X-{K-Ÿ-Im-c-\m°n hf¿ØnsbSp- ° m≥ hf- s c- b - [ nIw klm- b n- ® p. tIc- f - Ø nse ss{IkvXhcpsS Ncn-{X-Øn-te°pw ss{IkvXh inev]ß-fn-te°pw ]≈nI-fn-te°pw shfn®w hoip∂ AXy-]q¿∆-hpw FXn¿∏p-≈Xpw C√m-ØXp-amb {]iv\ßfn¬ tcJ-Iƒ tiJ-cn®v \nc-h[n Kth-jW߃ FUn‰v - - sNbvXv {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°m\pw s{]m^. ta\m-t®-cn°v Ign-™n-´p-≠v. 1973 ˛82 h¿j- ß - f n¬ FUn‰v sNbv X v {]kn- ≤ o- I - c n® sk‚ v tXmakv 62 {InkvXy≥ F≥ssk-t¢m-]o-UnbbpsS c≠p hmfy-߃ 1991 se C¥y≥ N¿®v lnÃdn ¢mknIvkv 2000¬ {]kn-≤o-I-cn® 8 hmfy-ß-fp≈ Zn tXmam]oUnb F∂nh temI-{]-kn-≤-ß-fmb Cw-•ojv {KŸ-ß-fmWv AXn¬ hnhn-[-ß-fmb A`n-{]m-b-߃ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. hntZ-i-ßfn- t e- b pw, tIc- f - Ø n- t ebpw ]Wv U n- X - ∑ m- c mb \qdp- I - W - ° n\v FgpØpkw`m-h-\-Iƒ Cu \mep {KŸ-ß-fnepw Is≠-Øm≥ Ign-bpw. Aßns\ sk‚ v tXma-kn-s\-Ip-dn-®pw, ss{IkvXh tZhm-e-bß-sf-°pdn®pw ]pd-Øn-d-ßnb {][m-\-s∏´ {KŸ-ß-tfbpw {KŸ-Im-c-∑m-scbpw hyXy-kvX-X-bp≈ teJ-I-∑m-scbpw s{]m^. ta\m-t®cn Cu hninjvS {KŸ-ß-fn¬ IqSn \sΩ ]cn-Nbs∏Sp-Øp-∂p. Bcm-[y-\mb sk‚ v tXmakv tIcfw kµ¿in-®n-´pt≠m C√tbm F∂ Imcyw ]e-ÿ-eØpw Ct∏mgpw N¿® sNøp-I-bm-Wv. alm-\mb t]m∏v Xncp-ta\n t]mepw A`n{]mbw ]d-™n-´p≠v. Did St. Thomas Really come to India” F∂ temI-{]-kn≤ Ncn-{X-Kth-j-I-\mb H. Comes s‚ hnhm-Z-]-c-amb teJ\w Zn tXmtam]o-Unb F∂ {KŸ-Øn¬ s{]m^. ta\m-t®cn FSpØp tN¿Øn-´p-≠v. tIc-fØnse Ncn-{X-hn-Zym¿∞n-Iƒ°p Cu teJ\w ]e ]pXnb hn⁄m-\hpw ]I¿∂p-X-cp-∂p-≠v. kXy-k-‘-\mb Ncn{X Kth-j-I≥ F∂ \ne-bv°v s{]m^. ta\m-t®cn-bpsS {]tXyI hy‡n-Xz-Øns‚ apJ-ap-{Z-bm-Wn-Xv. Hcp hnj-b-sØ-°pdn®v In´m-hp-∂n-S-tØmfw hyXy-kvX-amb hnh-c-߃ t]mepw Is≠Øn AsX√mw hmb-\-°m-cs‚ apºn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°m≥ s{]m^. ta\m-t®cn ImWn® B¿÷-ht_m-[sØ F{X {]iw-kn-®mepw aXn-bm-hp-Ibn-√. Ncn{X- I m- c s‚ [¿Ω- a - X m- W v. CXm temIØp ]c∂p InS- ° p∂ hyXyÿßfmb tcJ-Iƒ, hmbn-°q, ]Tn-°q, F∂n´v Xm¶ƒ A`n-{]mbw cq]o-Icn-°q F∂mWv s{]m^. ta\m-t®cn ]d-bp-∂Xv. ta\m-t®-cnsb alm\mb Ncn-{X-K-th-j-\-I-\m°n am‰p-∂Xv AXy¥w kXy-k-‘-amb kao]-\-am-Wv. kp{]kn≤ Bwt•m-˛C¥y≥ Ncn-{X-Im-c\mb ]n. tXmakv hnZym-`ymk - hnZ-Kv[\mb F¬.-Fw. ss]en, Nn¥-I-\mb tPmk^v sImsf-ßm-S≥, _lp. I¿±n-\mƒ h¿°n hnX-b-Øn¬, `mjm-]-WvUn-X-\mb Sn.-Fw. -NpΩm¿ XpS-ßn-b-hcpsSsb√mw kpNn-¥n-X-ß-fmb A`n-{]m-b-ßsf Cu {KŸ-Øn¬ ]I¿Øm≥ s{]m^. ta\m-t®-cn°p Ign-™n-cn-°p-∂p. {_n´ojv `cWw C¥y-bn¬ hcp-∂Xn\v F{Xtbm apºv Xs∂ skbn‚ v tXma-kns‚ hc-hn-\ptijw `mc-Xob Pohn-XØn\pw tIcf kwkvIm-cØn\pw D≠mb am‰-ßf ]n. tXmakv hne-bn-cp-Øp-∂p-≠v. sk‚ v tXmakv H∂mw \q‰m≠n¬ ChnsS h∂p-sh-∂pw, At±lw tIc-fob kaq-l-Øns‚ kvt\lmZ-c߃°v ]m{Xo`qX-\m-sb∂pw ss{IkvXh Nn¥-Iƒ {_n´o-jp-Im¿ hcp63 ∂-Xn\v apºv Xs∂ ChnsS kzm[o\w sNep-Øn-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂pw ]n. tXmakv hy‡-am-°p-∂p. sk‚ v tXma-kns‚ tIcf kµ¿i-\-Øn-s‚bpw XpS¿∂p-≠mb hn]pe-amb aX-]-cn-h¿Ø-\-Øn-s‚bpw kXy-߃ Cu teJ-\-ß-fn¬ IqSn hmb-\°m-c\v e`n-°p-∂p. tIcf Ncn-{X-Ønse CØcw kw`-hßsf kXyk-‘-ambn hni-Zo-I-cn-°m≥ Ncn-{X-K-th-j-I-\mb s{]m^. ta\m-t®-cn°p Ign-™n-cn-°p-∂p. Ncn-{X-hn-Zym¿∞n-Iƒ Xo¿®-bmbpw s{]m^. tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®-cn-tbmSv IS-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂p F∂-XmWv kXyw. ]WvUn-X\mb s{]m^. ta\m-t®cn Ct∏mƒ tIcf Ncn-{Xhpw kwkv°mchpw {InkvXy≥ Ie-Ifpw inev]-Ifpw tIc-f-N-cn-{Xhpw F∂o hnj-bß-fn¬ Kth-j-Ww \SØn sIm≠n-cn-°bmWv. _mw•q¿ [¿Ωmcman¬ Kth-j-W-hn-Zym¿∞n-bmbn {]h¿Øn-®p-h-cp-∂p. tZio-b˛A¥¿tZ-iob Xe-ßfn¬ hnZym-`ym-kw, Ncn-{Xw, k`m-Ncn-{Xw, - - F∂o hnj-b-ß-fn-ep≈ \nc-h[n skan-\m-dp-I-fn¬ Kth-j-W-{]-_-‘߃ Ah-X-cn-∏n-®n-´p≈ s{]m^. ta\m-t®cn ]Xn-\-t©mfw ayqkn-b-ßfpw, -F-Ivkn-_n-j-\p-Ifpw kwL-Sn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\mbn t\XrXzw \¬In-bn´p-≠v. 1964-˛72 Ime-ßfn¬ ImØ-enIv \yqa≥ At m-kn-tb-js‚ tZiob {]kn-≠mbn tkh\w \S-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. Ccp-]-Øn-aq-t∂mfw hntZi cmPyß-fn¬ ]cy-S\w \S-Øn-bn-´p≈ kp{]-kn≤ Ncn{XImc-\mb s{]m^. tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®-cnsb \nc-h-[n hntZi k¿∆-I-em-im-e-Iƒ Kth-j-W{]-kw-K-߃ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°m-\mbn £Wn-®n-´p-≠v. Ct∏m-ƒ hn]p-e-amb Hcp C¥y≥ {InkvXy≥ ayqknbw ]Wn-Xp-b¿Øm-\p≈ hºn® {]h¿Ø\-Øn-emWv s{]m^k¿ G¿s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. AtXm-sSm∏w {InkvXy≥ F≥ssk-t¢m-]o-Unb N¿®v lnÃdn ¢mknIvkv F∂o c≠v hntizm-Ø-c{K-Ÿ-ß-fpsS cN-\-bnepw s{]m^. tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®cn apgp-In-bn-cn-°p∂p. tIcf k`-bpsS Ncn{X Kth-j-W-Øn¬ Aaq-ey-amb kw`m-h-\-Iƒ \¬Inb Ncn{X Nn¥-I\pw alm-\mb A≤ym-]I\p-amb s{]m^. tPm¿÷v - ta\m-t®-cnsb At±-lØns‚ k]vXXn BtLm-jth-fbn¬ sjh-en-bm¿ ]Zhn \¬In BZ-cn-°m≥ k` Xøm-dm-bXv HuNn-Xy-]q¿Æ-amb \s√mcp \S-]-Sn-bmbn F∂ Imcy-Øn¬ kwi-b-an-√. kmwkv°m-cnI tIc-fw, s{]m^. tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®-cnsb Cu A\-izcamb ÿm\-e-_v[n-bn¬ A\p-tam-Zn-°p-Ibpw B ]-WvUnX t{ijvT\v k]vXXn awKfw t\cp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. 64 65 A∏m∏s‚ ihkwkvImcØn\v apºv 1934 them-bp-[≥ ]Wn-°-t»cn kulr-Z-Øns‚ kpK‘w At\ym\yw Adn-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶nepw s{]m^. ta\m-t®-cn-bp-sSbpw Fs‚bpw lrZ-b-߃ XΩn¬ ASp-ØXv Fgp-]-Xp-I-fn¬ B¿°n-tbm-fPn-bpsS tÉv AUvssh-kdn t_m¿Un¬ H∂n®v {]h¿Øn-°p-hm-\p-≈A-h-kcw e`n-®-t∏m-gm-Wv. Ccp-hcpw Xriq¿ Pn√-bn¬ \n∂p-≈-h-cm-bncp-∂-Xn-\mepw ssIImcywsNbvXn-cp∂ hnj-b-߃ At\ym\yw Xmev]cy-ap-≈Xm-bn-cp-∂Xn-\mepw R߃°v Ah-Xcn-∏n-°m-\p≈ hnj-b߃°v kam-\XIfp-≠m-bn-cp-∂Xn-\mepw kzm`m-hn-Iambpw R߃ IqSp-X¬ ASp- - Øp. Iq´mbn Btem-Nn-®Xn-\pv tijta Hmtcm hnj-bhpw R߃ tbmKØn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-®n-cp-∂p-≈p. tUm. Fw.-Pn.-Fkv. \mcm-b-W≥, tUm. Sn.sI. cho-{µ≥, tUm. tPm¨ Hm®≥Xp-cpØv F∂n-h-cm-bn-cp∂p D]-tZ-i-Ik-an-Xn-bnse a‰v AwK-߃. A∂sØ B¿°n-tbm-fPn hIp-∏ns‚ Ub-d-IvS¿ hy‡n-]-c-ambn \√ a\p-jy-\m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶nepw ]pcm-X-Xz-Im-cy-ß-fn¬ th≠{X Ah-Km-ltam, Xmev]-cytam D≈ hy‡n-bm-bn-cp-∂n-√. B¿°n-tbm-f-Pn-bpsS hn]pe-amb km≤y-XIsf-°p-dn®pw Ncn{X cN-\bv°v AXv GsX√mw Xc-Øn¬ - klm-b-I-amIpw F∂-Xn-s\-°p-dn®pw henb ]nSn-]m-sSm∂pw D≠m-bn-cp∂n√ At±-l-Øn-\v. Fß-s\tbm hgn- sX‰n h∂-XmWv B ÿm\-Øv. AXn-\m¬ Cu Un∏m¿´p-sa‚n¬ Imcy-£-a-amb {]h¿Ø-\-ß-sfm∂pw \S-∂n-cp-∂n-√. Cu ZpÿnXn am‰n-sb-Sp-°m≥ R߃ Iq´mbn BtemNn®v ]pcm-X-Xz-h-Ip-∏n\v Hcp {]h¿Ø-\-tcJ Xøm-dm-°n. DSs\ \S-∏mt°-≠Xpw Zo¿L-Im-em-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ \S-∏m-t°-≠Xpw F∂ coXn-bn¬ AXv c≠mbn Xncn-®p. hIp∏p a{¥n A≤y£X hln® tbmK-Øn¬ B tcJ Ah-X-cn-∏n®v AwKo-I-cn-∏n-°m≥ Ign-™Xnepw ]nev°me{]h¿Ø\-߃°v AsXmcp am¿§-tc-J-bmbn kzoI-cn®v {]h¿Ø-\-߃ apt∂m´p- sIm-≠p-t]m-b-Xnepw R߃°v Nmcn-Xm¿∞y-ap-≠v. imkv{Xo-b-amb Ncn-{X-c-N-\bv°v klm-b-I-amb hf-sc-tbsd D]-Zm66 \-߃ aÆn-\-Sn-bnepw sh≈-Ønepw ad-™p -In-S-°p-∂p-s≠∂pw Ahsb√mw imkv{Xo-b-ambn D¬J-\\w \SØn ]pd-sØ-SpØv A]-{K-Y\w \S-Øn-bmte bYm¿∞-Nn{Xw e`n-°qsh∂pw Imcy-Im-cWklnXw Hmtcm - - tbmK-Ønepw s{]m^. ta\m-t®cn Hm¿Ω-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-≠n-cp-∂p. kzImcy-hy-‡n-IfpsS AXym¿Øn-aq-ehpw Adn-hn-√m-bvaaq-ehpw A]q¿∆-ßfmb ]e Ncn{Xe£y-ßfpw kvamc-I-ßfpw Zn\w-{]Xn \in-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-Ibm-sW∂pw Ah kwc-£n-°m≥ ASn-b-¥nc\S-]-Sn-Iƒ kzoI-cn-°-Wsa∂pw At±lw A`y¿∞n-®p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p. kwc-£Ww A¿ln-°p∂ AØcw Ncn{Xkvamc-I-ß-fpsS \o≠ ]´n-I-Xs∂ At±lw lmP-cm-°nbn-cp-∂p. AXn¬ ASn-b-¥nc{i≤ A¿ln-°p-∂-hsb {]tXyIw Nq≠n°m-Wn-®n-cp-∂p. D]-tZ-iI kanXn tbmK-ß-fn¬ Rm≥ D∂-bn-®n-cp∂ {]iv\-߃°v Dd® ]n¥pW At±-lw \¬In-bn-cp∂p. A©v G°¿ ÿeØv XI¿∂p InS-°p∂ tN‰p-hbnse U®p tIm-´bpsS Ah-in-jvS߃, A[n-Ir-XcpsS A\m-ÿ-aq-ehpw \m´p-Im-cpsS AXym¿Øn-aq-ehpw \jvS-s∏-´p-sIm-≠n-cn°p∂ Zpÿn-Xn°v DS-\Sn ]cn-lm-c-ap-≠m-°m≥ Rm≥ Ah-X-cn-∏n® {]tab-Øn-\v, s{]m^-k¿ i‡-amb ]n¥pW \¬In kwkm-cn-®Xpw, kXzc\S]-Sn-Iƒ°v a{¥n DØ-c-hn-´Xpw Fs‚ Hm¿Ω-bn¬ HmSn-sb-Øp-∂p. Aßs\ ]e-Xpw. BtKmf {]i-kvXn-bm¿÷n® Ncn-{X-Im-cs\∂ bmsXmcp Xe-°\hpw At±-l-Øn-\n-√. s{]m^. tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®-cn-bp-ambn GXm\pw aWn°q-dp-Iƒ kwkm-cn-®m¬, hen-sbmcp d^-d≥kv sse{_-dn-bn¬ amk-ßtfmfw sNe-h-gn-®m¬t]mepw e`n-°m-Ø{X Adn-hp-Iƒ \ap°v ssIhcpw. F{X Xnc-°p-Iƒ°n-S-bnepw kwi-b-\n-hm-c-W-Øn-\mbn hcp∂ Ncn{Xm-t\z-j-Isc At±lw Hcn-°epw \ncm-i-cm-°m-dn-√. {]K¬`-\mb Hc≤ym-]-Is‚ A]-{K-Y-\-]m-S-h-tØmsS F√m kwi-b-ßfpw At±lw ZpcoI-cn-®p-sIm-Sp-°pw. s{]m^. tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®cn ssIImcywsNbvXn-´p≈ hnj-b-ß-fpsS sshhn-≤yhpw kw`m-h\sNbvXn-´p≈ {KŸ-ß-fpsS ssh]p-eyhpw B[nIm-cn-IXbpw ]cn-KWn-°p-tºmƒ CsX√mw Hcp hy‡n°v H‰bv°v sNøm≥ Ign-bptamsb∂v A¤p-X-s∏-´p-t]m-Ipw. F{X Kl-\-amb hnj-bhpw AXym-I¿j-I-ambn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°m-\p≈ At±-l-Øns‚ Ignhv Akq-bmh-l-am-Wv. £oWn°mØ a\o-jbpw ajn-bp-Wßn-SmØ s]m≥t]\-bp-ambn `mcX-k-`-bp-sSbpw tIcfk`-bp-sSbpw Adn-b-s∏-SmØ tImWp-I-fn-tebv°v kXy-Øns‚ t\¿sh-fn®w ImWn-°m≥ k]vX-Xn-bnepw A£oWw {]bXv\n-°p∂ Fs‚ {]nb kplr-Øn\v Bbncw {]Wm-a-߃. 67 tPmk^v aqt™en tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®cn; hn\-b-]m-fin-Xy-ß-fpsS kl-Nmcn kw]q-Py-\mb tam¨. k°-dn-bmkv hmgn-∏n-≈n-bpsS tPyjvTktlmZ-c≥ _lp-am-\y-\mb ap≥ Xriq¿ sU]yq´nIf-IvS¿ {io. hn.-]n. tPm¿÷v Ah¿I-fpsS ]p{Xn amKnbpw Xriq¿ sk‚ v tXmakv tImsfPv {]^-k¿ {io. tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®-cnbpw XΩn-ep≈ hnhmlw kaw-Kfw \S-∂-tXmsS-bmWv Rm≥ {io. ta\m-t®-cnsb BZy-ambn ImWp-∂Xpw ASp-Ø-dnbp-∂-Xpw. _lp-am-\-s∏´ k°-dn-bm-k-®-s‚bpw kvt\l-ap≈ tPm¿÷v tN´- s ‚bpw ]pØ≥th- e n- ° - c - b nse Xd- h m´v hk- X n- b psS ASpØ Ab¬hm-knbpw AI∂ _‘p-hp-amWv Rm≥. AXp-sIm≠v {io ta\mt®-cn-bp-ambn IqSp-X¬ ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sm-\pw, At±-l-Øns‚ k`m-˛-km-aq-l{]h¿Ø\ßfp-ambn CS-]-g-Im\pw Ign-™p. IqSmsX, 1952 apX¬ Im¬ \q‰m≠v Imew ^mZ¿ hS-°s‚ {]ÿm-\ßfp-ambn _‘-s∏´v {]h¿Øn- °m≥ Ign-™-Xn-eqsS Xriq¿ ]´-W-hp-ambn IqSp-X¬ _‘-s∏-Sp-hm≥ km[n-®Xp-sIm≠v {io ta\m-t®-cn-bp-ambn henb tXmXn¬ kulrZw ]¶nSp-hm\pw F\n°p Ign-™n-´p-≠v. ss{IkvXh Ncn{X ˛ ]T\ ˛ hni-I-e\ ˛ cN\ ˛ {]km-[\taJ-e-Ifnse AZzn-Xob km∂n-≤y-ambn {io ta\m-t®-cn-bpsS hy‡nXzw CXn\Iw hf¿∂p ]S¿∂p ]¥en®n-cn-°p∂ ImgvN-bmWv \ap°v C∂v ImWm≥ km[n-°p-∂-Xv. hnti-jn®v, \{kmWn {InkvXym-\n-IfpsS Ncn{X- ] - c - a mb Aÿn- X zsØ tNmZywsNøp∂ Nne kwL- S nX \o°ßƒs°Xnsc At±- l - Ø ns‚ kw`m- h - \ - I ƒ°v tIc- f - Ø nse \{kmWnkaqlw A{X-am{Xw At±-l-tØmSv IS-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂p F∂Xv Hcp \nkvX¿°hkvXp-X-bm-Wv. ta¬ ]-d™ ss{IkvXhNcn-{X-ta-J-e-bnse {io ta\m-t®cnbpsS kw`m-h-\-Iƒ, AXns‚ ]T-\-k-ao-]-\-ß-fpsS imkv{Xo-b-X-sIm-≠pw, kXy-k-‘-X-sIm≠pw tIc-f-Øns‚ AYhm `mc-X-Øns‚ sk°p-e¿ Ncn-{X-ta-J-ebv-°p-Xs∂ CuSp‰ apX¬Iq-´mbn hcpw-Ime]Tn-Xm-°fpw 68 Nn¥-Icpw G‰p-hmßpw F∂Xv Ahn-X¿°n-Xam-Wv. {io ta\m-t®-cn-bpsS Ncn{Xkw`m-h\IfpsS Bg-Øn-ep≈ hni-Ie\w Cu sNdp-te-J\Øns‚ - - - e£y-a√ F∂p-≈-Xp-sIm≠v AXn-tebv-s°m∂pw IS-°p-∂n-√. as‰m-∂p-≈Xv, Xmc-Xtay\ Ncn-{Xm-t\z-jWØn-epw, Ncn{X]T\ Kth- j-W-Ønepw Xmev]-cy-°p-dhv ImWn-°p∂ hS-°≥ Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dp-Imcmb \{km-Wn-Iƒ°v A°m-cy-Øn¬ Hcp khn-ti-j-amb {]tNm-Z\w \¬In DW¿Øp-∂-Xn¬ {io ta\m-t®cn ImWn® Hu’pIyw FSpØp ]d-b-Ø-°-XmWv F∂p-≈-Xm-Wv. \ΩpsS ]pXp-X-e-ap-d-bpsS a\- p-Ifn¬ Ncn-{Xm-h-t_m-[-Øns‚ Nne Xos∏m-cn-Iƒ hnX-dm≥ At±-l-Øns‚ {]Xn-`m-]q¿Æ-amb {]b-Xv\-߃°m-bn-´p-≠v F∂Xv Hcp henb kXy-amWv. B Xos∏m-cn-Iƒ Xo∏-¥-߃ BIp-∂Xv A\XnhnZq-c-`m-hn-bn¬ \n›-b-ambpw \ap°v ImWp-hm≥ km[n°pw F∂v \ymb-ambpw {]Xn£n-°mw. CXn-s\-√m-ap-]cn, {io ta\m-t®-cn-bp-am-bp≈ kº¿°-Øn¬ sXfn-™pIm-Wp∂ Hcp {]tXy-I-X, At±-l-Øns‚ Ipeo-\-amb hn\-bhpw emfnXy-hp-am-Wv. ]mfin-Xy-Øns‚ ]c-tIm-Sn-bn¬ \n¬°p-tºm-gpw, {]i-kvXnbpsS ]mc-ay-Øn¬ \n¬°p-tºm-gpw, k`m-kqcn-I-fpsS kman-]y-Øn-em-bncn-°p-tºmgpw ‘Xd-hm-SnØw’ F∂ ]Z-Øns‚ ka-kvXm¿∞-ßfpw A\z¿∞-am-°p∂ Hcp Znhykma¿∞yw At±-lsØ Xgp-In-sbm-gp-Ip∂p F∂Xv s{]m^-ksd hyXy-kvX-\m-°p∂ {]Xn-`-bpsS {]`bpw ]cn-thjhp-am-Wv. s{]m^-k-dpsS kl-[¿Ωn-Wn-bmb amKn-bpsS Xd-hm-´p-tZiw F∂ \ne-bn¬ At±-lØn\p ]pØ≥th-en-°cbp-am-bp-≠mb ASp∏w R߃ - ]pØ≥th-en-°-c-°msc Hcp-]mSv hf¿Øn-bn-´p≠v F∂-Xp-t]mse B _‘w At±-l-sØbpw \s√m-c-f-hn¬ hf¿Øn-bn-´p≠v F∂m-Wv Fs‚ A`n-{]m-bw. kw]q-Py-\mb k°-dn-bm-k®s‚ A\p-{K-lhpw At±-lØn\v Bthm-f-ap≠v F∂p hniz-kn-°p-∂-h-\mWv Rm≥. BZ-c-Wo-b-\mb s{]m^-k¿ tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®-cn-bp-ambn _‘-s∏Sp--hm≥ Cu ASp-Ø -Im-eØv, ]£m-LmXw h∂v ]q¿Æhn{i-a-Øn-em-bXp-aqew, F\n°p Imcy-ambn km[n-°m-dn-√ F∂Xv hnj-a-P-\y-amb Hcp Imcy-am-Wv. F¶nepw, aI≥ Ft{^w At±-l-hp-ambn ]e kml-N-cy-ßfnepw Hcp-an-°m-dp≠v F∂p-≈-Xpw, Gsd _lp-am-\m-Z-c-hp-I-tfmsS At±l-sØ-°p-dn®v kwkm-cn-°m-dp-≈Xpw F\n°v kt¥mjw Xcp∂ Imcyam-Wv. Fs‚ s]mXp{]h¿Ø\taJ-e-Ifnepw, as‰√m cwK-ß-fnepw {io ta\m-t®cn X∂n-´p≈ ]n¥p-Wbpw kl-I-c-Whpw, \nd™ \µn-tbmsS Rm≥ Hm¿°p-∂p. ssIsIm≠v Fgp-Xm-\m-hm-ØXvsIm≠v aI≥ Ft{^amWv F\n-°p-th≠n CXp Ipdn-°p-∂-Xv. 69 k]vXXn-bpsS kt¥m-jØn-tebv°v kwXr-]vXn-tbmsS {]th-in-°m≥ {]^-k¿ ta\m-t®-cn°v km[n-°-s´-sb-∂pw, Bbp-cm-tcmKykº-∂-XtbmsS k]vXn-bn¬\n∂v iXm-`n-jn-‡n-bn-tebv°pw \h-Xn-bn-tebv°pw k¿∆-i‡≥ hgn-\SØs´-sb∂pw, H∏w k`-bpsS A`n-am\X\-b≥ F∂ - - \ne-bn¬ Hcp sjh-en-b¿ ÿm\w At±-l-Øn\p Ic-K-X-am-I-s´-sb∂pw {]m¿∞-\m-]q¿∆w Biw-kn-°p-∂p. ]gb sF^¬ _pIvkv sI´nSw ]nXmhv C.Sn. tPmk^v ap≥ssIsøSpØv ÿm]n® At©cn klIcW _m¶v H√qcnse ]nXrKrlw 70 tUm. tXmfq¿ iin-[-c≥ s{]m^. tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®-cnbpsS Pohn-X-ZuXyw kzImcy tImsfPv A≤ym-]I {]ÿm-\-amb F.-sI.-]n.-kn.-Sn.-F-bpsS {]h¿Ø-I-sc∂ \ne-bn-emWv s{]m^. tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®-cnbpw Rm\pw ]c-kv]cw ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-∂Xpw Ign™ 30 h¿j-°m-e-ambn kulrZw ]¶n-Sp-∂Xpw. \m´nI Fkv. F≥. tImsf-Pnse F.-sI.-]n.-kn.-Sn.-F- bqWn‰v sk{I-´-dnbpw XpS¿∂v c≠p- h¿jw Xriq¿ Pn√m {]kn-U-≠p-am-bn-cp∂ F\n°v ta\m-t®-cn-bp-ambn \√ _‘w ]pe¿Øm≥ Ign-™n-cp-∂p. F.-sI.-]n.-kn.-Sn.-F- {]h¿Ø-\߃°v \√ ]n¥pW s{]m^. tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®-cnbpw At±-l-Øn‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ sk‚ v tXmakv tImsfPv Ãm^v At m-kn-tb-j\pw (F.-sI.-]n.-kn.-Sn.-F- bqWn‰v) \¬In h∂n-cp-∂p. tÉv Iu¨kn¬ tbmK-߃°v Fd-Wm-Ip-f-tØbv°v R߃ ]e-t∏mgpw Hcp-an-®mWv t]mbn-h∂n-cp-∂Xv. kw`m-jWNmXpcyw th≠p-thm-f-ap-≈ ta\m-t®-cn- Cw•o-jnse \¿Ω-߃ ]eXpw ]p\-cm-hnjv°-cn®p Rßsf ckn-∏n-®n-cp-∂p. XpS¿∂v Rm≥ F.-sI.-]n.-kn.-Sn.-F- kwÿm\ sk{I-´-dn-bmbn Xncs™-Sp-°-s∏-´p. AtXm-sSm∏w Rm≥ tImgn-t°mSv k¿∆-I-em-ime taJe-bnse F.-sI.-]n.-kn.-Sn.-F- bqWn-‰p-I-fpsS IΩn-‰n-bpsS sk{I-´-dn-bp-ambn-cp-∂p. A°m-eØv tImgn-t°mSv k¿∆-I-em-im-e-bpsS ÃmNyq-´dn ^n\m≥kv IΩn-‰n-bn-te-bv°p≈ Xnc-s™-Sp-∏p -h-∂p. bqWn-th-gvkn‰n kn≥Un-t°‰p Ign-™m¬ {]m[m-\y-ap≈ IΩn-‰n. AXn¬ t\m´-an-´p-sIm≠v ]ecpw Fs‚ ]n¥pW tXSn-bn-cp-∂p. Rm\pw Pn√m sk{I-´-dn-bm-bn-cp∂ s{]m^. Fw. sI. ]fl-\m-`\pw (sk‚ v tXmakv tImsf-Pnse ^nknIvkv s{]m^-k¿) Hcp-an®p\n∂p-sIm≠p {]h¿Øn-®-Xn-\m¬ ta\m-t®-cn-bpsS ÿm\m¿∞nXzw Dd-∏m-°m≥ F\n°p km[n-®p. AXn-\m-hiy-amb IØnS-]m-Sp-Iƒ kwÿm-\-X-e-Øn¬ \S-Øn-bXpw Rm≥Xs∂bmbn-cp-∂p. I¿Ω-Ip-i-e-\mb s{]m^. ta\m-t®-cn-bpsS {]h¿Ø\w At±-l-Øn\p 71 A\m-bm-k-hn-Pbw t\Sn-s°m-Sp-Øp. k¿∆-I-em-ime sk\-‰ns‚ {]Xn\n-[n-bm-bn-´m-W-t±lw Xnc-s™-Sp-°-s∏-´-Xv. sk\-‰nepw At±-l-Øns‚ {]h¿Ø\w kv X pXy¿l- a m- b n- c p- ∂ p. ]n∂oSv c≠p XhW Rm≥ kwÿm\ sshkv {]kn-U-≠m-b-t∏mgpw {Sj-d-dm-b-t∏m-gp-sams° Fs‚ kwL-S\m{]h¿Ø-\߃°v h≥]n-¥p-WbmWv s{]m^. tPm¿÷v ta\mt®-cn-bpw, sk‚ v tXmakv tImsf-Pv A≤ym-]-Icpw F\n°p \¬In-bn-cp∂-Xv. sk\‰v saº¿ÿm\w Ah-km-\n-®-tXmsS kwL-S-\m-{]-h¿Ø\w At±lw Ipd-®-Xm-bmWv I≠-Xv. IqSp-X¬ kabw Ncn-{X-Øn-\p-th-≠nbmWv Cw•ojv A≤ym-]-I-\mb ta\m-t®cn \o°n-sh-®-Xv. sk‚ v tXmakv F≥ssk-t¢m-]o-Unb Hm^v C¥y-bpsS hmeyw II BWv ta\m-t®cn BZyw {]kn-≤o-Icn-®Xv. temI-{]-kn-≤amb ‘F≥ssk- t¢m-]o-Unb {_n´m-Wn°’ XpS-ßnb d^-d≥kv {KŸ-ß-fpsS {]kn-≤o-IcWw \qdp-IW°n\p ^pƒssSw ]finX-∑m¿ ITn-\ambn A≤zm-\n-®mWv - \n¿∆-ln-°p-∂-Xv. Aß-s\-bp≈ 3 hmey-߃ H‰bv°v Hcp Xm]-k-s\t]mse kz¥w PohnXw ]W-bw-sh-®mWv At±lw {]kn-≤o-I-cn-®-Xv. ItØm-en° k`-bpsS ]n¥p-Wbpw t{]m’m-l\hpw Ah-km-\L´Øn¬ - - tXSn h∂-Xn-\m¬ At±lw kmº-Øn-I-ambn XI¿∂n-s√∂p am{Xw. B taJ-e-bn¬ Hcp]t£ hn⁄m\w ae-bmfw F≥ssk-t¢m-]o-Unb FUn‰-dm-bn-cp∂ amXyp Fw. Ipgn-then km¿ Ign-™m¬ AXn-Im-b-\mbn \ne\n¬°p-∂Xv ta\m-t®cn am{X-am-Wv. Akq-bm¿l-amb Hcp Din-c≥ hnPb-amWv {InkvXy≥ F≥ssk-t¢m-]o-UnbbpsS {]kn-≤o-I-c-Ww. AXn-\nsS ae-bm-f at\m-cabpsS {]Xn-\n-[n-bmbn tPm¨ t]mƒ c≠m- - a≥ am¿∏m-∏-bpsS ÿm\m-tcm-lWw dnt∏m¿´psNøm≥ tdman-se-Ønb ta\m-t®-cn°v Xs‚ IrXn°v Bh-iy-amb hn`-h߃ tiJ-cn-°m\pw sX‰pIƒ Hgn-hm-°m\pw Ign-™Xpw {KŸ-Øn\p ]cn-ip≤ ]nXm-hns‚ A\p{Klw t\Sm≥ Ign-™Xpw `mKy-am-bn. AXn‚-sbms° hnP-b-ssh-P-b¥n-bmWv sjh-en-bm¿ ]Zhn At±-lsØ tXSn-sb-Øn-b-Xv. Hcp Ncn-{X-Im-c-s\∂ \ne-bn¬ At±-lsØ hne-bn-cp-Øp-hm≥ F\n°p `mKy-ap-≠m-bn-´p-≠v. AXn\v F\n°p A¿l-X-bp-s≠-∂mWv Rm≥ Icp-Xp-∂Xv. 32 h¿j-°mew Ncn{X A≤ym-]I\mbn hnhn[ Fkv. - F≥. tImsf-Pp-I-fn¬ Rm≥ {]h¿Øn-®p. Hcp lnÃdn s{]m^-k¿°v In´m-hp∂ G‰hpw {][m-\-s∏´ AwKo-Im-c-ß-fn-sem∂v Xs‚ k¿∆-I-emim-e-bnse t_m¿Uv Hm^v ÃUokv AwK-Xzhpw sNb¿am≥ ÿm\-hp-amWv. km[m-c-W-bmbn c≠p tSw am{Xsa \nb-a\w In´m-dp-≈p. ]t£ F\n°v XpS¿®-bmbn A©p -X-hW tImgn-t°mSv k¿∆-I-em-ime t_m¿Uv Hm^v ÃUokv (bq.-Pn.) (X-Sp¿®-bmbn 15 h¿jw) ¬ AwK-am-bn72 cn-°m≥ `mKyw kn≤n-®p. A©mw tSan¬ t_m¿Uv sNb¿am-\mbpw Rm≥ {]h¿Øn-®p. AtXmsS t_m¿Uv Hm^v ÃUokv (]n. Pn.) bnepw AwKXzw e`n-®p. Ncn-{X-hn-`m-K-Øns‚ {]Xn-\n-[n-bmbn 15 h¿jw lyqam-\n-‰nkv ^m°¬´n-bnepw AwK-ambn. ]n∂oSv sk\-‰nepw AwK-am-b-t∏mgpw ta\mt®cn amjv F\n°v Hcp i‡n-kvXw-`-am-bn-cp-∂p. Ncn-{X-Øn¬, {]tXyIn®v ]pcp-hkvXpimkv{Xw (B¿°n-tbm-f-Pn), inev]-hnZy (Sculpture), \mW-b-imkv{Xw (Numismatics) F∂n-h-bn-sems°, ta\m-t®-cn°v Adnhpw Xmev]-cy-hp-ap-≠v. tIc-fob ]≈n-°-e-I-fpsS BZysØ kq{X-[m-c≥ t_mws_ k¿∆I-em-im-ebn¬ A≤ym-]I\m-bn-cp∂ kvs]bn≥Imc-\mb dh. ^m. sldm- km-Wv. C∂sØ ]e ItØm-en° ]≈n-I-fpsS A¬Øm-cIfpw a‰pw sk‰vsNbvXXv At±-l-am-bn-cp-∂p. \ΩpsS \m´pIm-cmb Bim-cn-amsc t_mws_-bn¬ sIm≠p-t]m-bmWv hnip-≤-∑m-cpsS sNdnb {]Xn-a-Iƒ sldmkv Xøm-dm-°n-bXv F∂v At±-l-sØ-Ip-dn®v Rm≥ Xøm-dm-°nb tamtWm-{Km-^n¬ hnh-cn-®n-´p-≠v. ItØm-en° ]ptcm-ln-X-∑m-cpsS `mcX-h¬°-c-W-Øn¬ sldmkv hln® ]¶pw FSpØp ]d-tb-≠-Xm-Wv. dh. sldm-kns‚ {]h¿Ø-\-ß-tfmSv InS-]n-Sn-°p∂ {]h¿Ø\w ImgvNsh-bv°p-hm≥ s{]m^. ta\m-t®-cnbv°p Ign-™n-´p-s≠∂p km£ys∏-Sp-Øp-hm≥ F\n°p H´pw Btem-Nn-t°-≠-Xn-√. F{X-sb{X {]Z¿i-\-ß-fmWv At±lw Xriq¿ cp]-X-bv°p-th≠n kwL-Sn-∏n-®-sX-∂-Xn\v Iøpw IW-°p-an-√. Xriq-cn¬ tNcp∂ an° Ncn{X-sk-an-\m-dp-I-fp-sSbpw {]Z¿i-\-ß-fp-sSbpw apJykwLm-S-\-I≥ ta\mt®-cn-bm-Wv. sk‚ v tacokv tImsf-Pn¬ Hcp h¿j-°mew \o≠p-\n∂ Ncn{X skan\m-dp-I-fnepw At±-l-Øns‚ ]¶pv FSpØp ]d-tb-≠-Xm-Wv. At±-lØns‚ \n¿t±iw am\n®v B skan-\m-dn¬ Hcp {]_‘w Rm\-h-X-cn-∏n®Xv Ncn-{X-Im-c-∑m-cpsS A`n-\-µ-\-߃°p ]m{X-ambn. “tIc-f-Ønse {InkvXp-a-X-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´ ]pcm-X\ enJn-X-ßfpw tcJ-Ifpw” F∂Xm-bn-cp∂p Rm\-hXcn-∏n® kmam\yw Zo¿L-amb t]∏¿. B cwK-ØmWv - ta\m-t®cn Xs‚ Ign-hp-Iƒ sXfn-bn-®-Xv. k¿ hneyw tPm¨kmWv C≥tUm-f-Pn-bpsS ]nXm-hv. C≥tUm˛Bw•nb≥ kmln-Xy-Øn\v ASn-Ø-d-bn´ {_n´o-jvIm-c-\mb hneyw tPm¨ks\-°p-dn®v Rm≥ cNn® tamtWm-{Km-^n¬ C¥y≥ kwkv°m-c-Øn-\p≈ At±-l-Øns‚ kw`m-h-\-Iƒ hni-Zo-I-cn-®n-´p-≠v. 49˛mw hb- n¬ A¥cn® hneyw tPm¨kpw At±-l-Øns‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ {]h¿Øn-®n-cp∂ tdmb¬ Gjym-‰nIv skmssk-‰n- (I¬°-´) bpw C√m-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬ ImfnZm-ks‚ “A`n-⁄m\ imIp-¥-f-”-a-S°w \qdp-I-W-°n\p IrXn-Iƒ 73 NnX¬cm-£-k\v Blm-c-am-Ip-am-bn-cp-∂p.hneyw tPm¨kns‚ ]mX-bn¬ apt∂m-´p- t]mb dh. ^mZ¿ sldmkv hnP-b-\-Kc km{am-Py-sØ-∏-‰nbpw kn‘p kwkv°m-c-Ønse ap{Z-I-sf-∏-‰n-bp-ap≈ Kth-j-W-cw-KØv Xs‚ hy‡n-ap{Z ]Xn-∏n-®p. Ch¿s°√mw ka-io¿j-amb {]h¿Ø\w s{]m^. tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®-cnbpw \n¿∆-ln-®p. tIc-fØnse {InkvXy≥ kwkv°mc-sØ-∏‰n ae-bm-f-Øn¬ {]tXy-I-ambn HXp-ßn-°q-Sn-sb∂p am{Xw. “]≈n-°-e-Ifpw a‰pw” F∂ s{]m^. ta\m-t®cnbpsS IrXn At±-lØns‚ ssIsøm-t∏msS Fs‚ tiJ-c-Øn-ep-≠v. ]e {]kn-≤o-I-c-W-ßfn¬ h∂ teJ-\߃ AXn¬ Dƒs°m-≈n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. AXnse “kwkmcn-°p∂ ]≈n-®p-h-cp-Iƒ” F∂ teJ\w tIcfNcn-{X-Ønse ASn-th-cpI-fn-tebv°v \sΩ \bn-°p-∂p. “tIc-f-Ønse inev]-߃” F∂ teJ\hpw FSp-Øp-]-d-tb-≠-Xm-Wv. [mcmfw Nn{X-߃ AXn-ep-≠v. {][m-\ambn Ipcn-ip-Ifpw amtam-Zo-km-sØm-´n-Ifpw, AƒØm-c-I-fpw, ]Sn-∏p-c-hmXn-epIfpw, ta¬s°-´n-Ifpw hnf-°p-Ifpw AXn¬ Nn{Xo-I-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. Hcp-]t£ ae-bm-f-Øn¬ BZy-sØ {]Z¿i-\-h-kvXp-°sf∏‰n-bp≈ hnhc-Wm-flI {]Xn-]m-Z-\-ap≈ IrXn AXm-bn-cn-°m≥ km≤y-X-bp-≠v. s{]m^. ta\m-t®-cn-bp-sS {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS G‰hpw hen-b -t\´w Xriq-cnse ItØm-en-°-scbpw sshZn-I-t{i-jvT-scbpw Ncn-{Xm-kzm-Z-Icm°n am‰n-sb-∂-Xm-Wv. ItØm-en-°-k` Ncn-{XsØ hf-s®m-Sn-°p-∂psh∂p Nne¿ ]d-bp-∂Xp tIƒ°m-dp-≠v. s{]m^. ta\m-t®-cn-bp-sSbpw Xriq¿ cq]-X-bp-sSbpw {]h¿Ø\w B hna¿i-\-Øn\v Hc-]-hm-Z-am-Wv. kXy-k-‘-amb coXn-bn¬ Ncn{XcN\ \S-ØnbXnepw {InkvXy≥ Ncn{X-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´ IrXn-Ifpw hkvXp-°-fp-sams° IrXy-ambn kwc£n-°p-∂-Xnepw AXn-cq-]X t\Snb hnP-bsØ A`n-\-µn-°m-Xn-cn-°m≥ Ign-bn-√. AXn¬ s{]m^. tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®cn hln® ]¶v FSpØp ]d-tb-≠-Xm-Wv. k]vXXn BtLm-jn-°p∂ s{]m^. ta\m-t®-cnbv°v Fs‚ A`n-\-µ-\-ßfpw Biw-k-I-fpw. 74 s{]m^. tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®cn ˛ k©-cn-°p∂ k`mhn⁄m-\-tImiw tUm. sNdn-bm≥ Ip\n-b-t¥m-SØv Ncn-{X-Øns‚ Xmfp-I-fn¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-tØ≠ Hcp \maw ˛ s{]m^. tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®-cn. AXpw, kph¿Æ-en-]n-I-fn¬Øs\ tcJ-s∏-Sp-tØ≠-Xv. Ncn-{X-Øn\p A\-izckw`m-h\ \¬In-bn-´p≈ At±lw k]vXXn-bn-¬ FØn\n¬°p∂ Cu Ah-k-c-Øn¬ {]tXyIw kvacn-t°-≠Xv `mc-X-k-`-bpsSXs∂ IS-a-bm-Wv. Imc-Ww, At±-l-Øns‚ kw`m-h-\-Iƒ `mc-X-k-`bv°v F{Xtbm henb t\´-amWv A¿∏n-®n-´p-≈-Xv. Ht´sd h¿j-߃°p apºv hy‡n-_‘amWv s{]m^. tPm¿÷v ta\m- t®-cnsb Rm\p-ambn ASp-∏n-®n-´p-≈-Xv. A∂v At±-l-Øns‚ Nne IrXnIƒ am{Xsa hmbn-®n-´n-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-≈p. ]n∂o-Sv, tXmam-]o-Unb ]pd-Øph-∂-t∏mƒ At±-l-Øns‚ hy‡n-Xz-Øns‚ Bg-ß-fn-tebv°v Cd-ßn-s®t√-≠Xv Bh-iy-ambn tXm∂n. tXmam-]o-Un-b-bpsS ]n∂n¬ At±-lØns‚ tNX\ F¥p-am-{Xw {]h¿Øn-®n-´p-s≠∂p shdp-sX-bßp Nn¥n®p If-bm-\m-hn-√. sk‚ v tXmakv {InkvXy≥ F≥ssk-t¢m-]o-Unb Hm^v C¥y At±-l-Øns‚ sXm∏n-bn¬ Nm¿Ønb h¿Æ-Øq-h¬ Ime-Øn\v FSp-Øp-am-‰m-\m-hm-Ø-Xm-Wv. hniz-hn-⁄m-\-tIm-i-Øns‚ Xøm-sd-Sp-∏pIƒ Hcp henb a\- ns‚ hnl-K-ho-£-W-Øn-tebv°p \sΩ Iq´n-s°m≠p-t]m-Ip-∂p. Hcp an∂m-an-\p-ßn-s\-∏‰n Nn¥n-°p-tºmƒ, BIm-iØns‚ A\-¥Xbn-tebv°v AXp ]mdn-t∏m-Ip-∂Xns‚ Nn{Xw IuXp-IIcwXs∂- b-t√? BIm-isØ kz¥-am-°m-\mWv an∂m-an-\p-ßns‚ {ia-sa-¶ntem? kmKcw Hcp Nnangn-\p-≈n¬ Hfn-∏n-°m-\p≈ {iawt]mse-bm-WsX∂p ]dtb-≠-Xn-√-t√m. a\p-jy≥ tIhew an∂m-an-\p-ßm-sW-¶nepw Ccp-´Øv an∂m-an-\p-ßn\p kqcy-tKm-fØns‚ ÿm\-am-Wp-≈Xv. s{]m^. tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®-cnsb∂ an∂m-an-\p-ßn\v BIm-isØ kz¥-am-°m≥ km[n-®psh-∂XmWv FSp-Øp-]-d-tb≠ hkvXp-X. Htcm Imcyw {]Xn-]m-Zn-°ptºmgpw kp£vaX At±-l-Øns‚ {]Xn` Af∂p Ipdn-°p-∂p. sXfn-hpIƒ \nc-Øm\pw Nn{X-߃ kwL-Sn-∏n-°m\pw Ipd-s®m-∂p-a√ At±-l75 Øn\p Ign-™n-´p-≈Xv. Hcp henb {]ÿm-\Øn\p km[n-°m-hp∂ ImcyamWv hy‡n-sb∂ \ne-bn¬ At±lw t\Sn-sb-Sp-Øn-´p-≈-sX∂v Xo¿®. C¥y≥ N¿®v lnÃdn ¢mkn-Ivkv, Zo \{km-Wokv F∂n-hbpw FSpØp ]d-tb≠ t\´-ß-fm-Wv. s{]m^. tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®-cn t{kmX- m-Wv, shdpw tNme-b-√. F¥n\pw At±lw t{kmX v Is≠-Øm≥ {ian-°pIbpw sNøp-∂p.- tI-c-f-k-`-bpsS Ccp-f-S™ taJ-e-I-fntebv°v kmlkn-I-X-tbmsS CdßnsN√m\pw \nc-h[n Is≠-Ø-ep-Iƒ \S-Øm\pw At±-l-Øn\p Ign-™p-sh-∂Xp \n m-c-Im-cy-a-√. hntZ-in-b¿ tIc-f-Øn-se-Øm-dp-≠v s{]m^. tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®cnsbtØ-Sn. Ah¿°-dnbmw `mc-X-k-`-bpsS ss]Xr-IsØ∏‰n Adn-bW- s a- ¶ n¬ At±- l sØ sN∂p ImWmsX \nhr- Ø n- b n- s √- ∂ v . hnizmkss]Xr-I-Øns‚ Bg-ß-fn-te-bv°v C-d-ßn-s®-∂v, At±lw kµ¿i-I¿ F¥mtWm {]Xo-£n-°p-∂-Xv, Ah-sb√mw ]I¿∂p-sIm-Sp°p∂p. Kth-jWat\m-`m-h-ap-≈-h¿t° ]pXp-Xmbn Fs¥-¶n-ep-sams° Is≠-Øm-\m-hp. P∑-kn-≤-amb Kth-j-W-a-t\m-`m-h-amWv s{]m^. tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®-cnbv°p≈-Xv. hy‡n-]-c-ambn At±-l-hp-ambn _‘-s∏-Sm≥ F\n°v Ht´sd Ahk-c-߃ e`n-®n-´p-≠v. tIc-fk` Ncn-{X-]-c-amb {]Z¿i-\-ßtfm skan\m-dp-Itfm kwL-Sn-∏n-°p-tºm-gmWv s{]m^. tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®-cn Ahiy-L-S-I-a-sW∂p \ap°v a\- n-em-Ip-I. ssIb-b®p klmbw sNøm≥ At±lw Ft∏mgpw k∂-≤-\m-bn-cn-°pw. A\p-`-h-⁄m-\hpw {]mtbmKnI⁄m\hpw At±-l-Øn\p kz¥-am-Wv. At±lw Is≠-Øn-bn-´p≈, Is≠-Sp-Øn-´p≈ kma-{Kn-Isf-∏‰n Ipe-¶jamb ]T\w \S-Øn-bnt´ ]pdw- tem-I-Øn\p Ah At±lw Im´n-s°m-Sp-°q. AXp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂, AhbpsS B[n-Im-cn-I-X-sb-∏‰n \ap°p kwi-bn-t°-≠n-h-cn-I-bn-√. skan\m-dp-I-fnepw {]Z¿i-\-ß-fnepw hy‡n-]-c-ambn F\n°p a\- n-em-°m≥ Ign-™n-´p-≈-XmWv Ch-sb-√mw. hnf™p \n¬°p∂ {]Xn` sXfnhp \¬Ip∂ Ah-kcamWv k]vXXn - ka-bw. AXp-sIm-≠v, s{]m^. tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®-cnsb ASp-Ø-dn-bm≥ B{K-ln-°p-∂-h¿ B {]Xn`mhnemkw hy‡-am-°p∂ kma-{Kn-I-fntebv°pXs∂ {i≤ Xncn-°p-sa∂p {]Xo-£n-°mw. Biw-k-I-fn¬ ap°n°-f-bmsX k]vXXn IqSp-X¬ t\´-߃ ssIh-cn-°m-\p≈ ]mZ-]o-T-Iambnam{Xw ]cn-K-Wn-®p-sIm-≈-s´! 76 s{]m^. tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®cn ˛ Fs‚ kl-]mTn kplrØv s{]m^. sI. Fw. tSmw s{]m^. tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®cn F∂ Cu. sP. tPm¿÷v c≠p -h¿jw Fs‚ kl-]m-Tnbpw Hcp h¿jw tImsfPv ta‰pw Bbn-cp-∂p. GXm≠v Htc Ime-ØmWv tPm¿÷v sk‚ v tXmakv tImsf-Pn¬ Cw•ojv hn`m-KØnepw Rm≥ ss{IÃv tImsf-Pn¬ amØ-am-‰nIvkv hn`m-KØnepw A≤ym]-I-cmbn tN¿∂-Xv. Xr»n-\m-∏n≈n sk‚ v tPmk^vkv tImsfPv A°m-eØv D∂-X-hnZym-`ymkw kz]v\w ImWp∂ hnZym¿∞n-I-fpsS Bim-tI{µw Bbn-cp∂p. c£n-Xm-°ƒ tPm¿÷ns\ Hcp F≥Pn-\n-b¿ B°-W-sa∂ B{Kl-Øn¬ KWn-Ximkv{Xw Dƒs∏-Sp∂ H∂mw {Kq∏n¬ Xr»n-\m-∏n-≈n-bn¬ C‚¿ao-Un-b-‰n\p tN¿Øp. AtX- {Kq-∏n¬ tN¿∂ Rm\pw tPm¿÷ns\ BZy-ambn I≠p-ap-´p-∂Xv 1953 Pq¨ amk-Øn¬ Bbn-cp-∂p. ASp-ØSpØ ¢mkv \º-cp-Iƒ, ko‰p-Iƒ, em_p-I-fn¬ Htc tai, Xmakw Htc t_m¿UnMv lukn¬, Ah-[nbv°v ho´n¬ t]mIp-∂Xpw XncnsI hcp∂Xpw C∂sØ So Km¿U≥ FIvkv{] v s{Sbn-\n¬ CXm-bn-cp∂p c≠p h¿jsØ Rß-fpsS Xr»n-\m-∏n≈n Pohn-Xw. Cß-s\-sbms° Bbn-cp-s∂-¶n-epw, Rß-fpsS ]T-\-Xm-ev]-cy-߃ hn`n∂Zni-bn-em-bn-cp-∂p. tPm¿÷n\v KWn-X-Øn-tem, F≥Pn-\n-b-dnwKnsem Bbn-cp-∂n√ A`n-cp-Nn. At±lw {]ikvX kmln-Xy-Im-c≥am-cpsS t\mh-ep-Ifpw a‰p-ambn Aen-™p-tN¿∂v C‚¿ao-Un-b‰v ]q¿Øn-bm-°n. Aßs\ R߃ 1955˛¬ ]ncn-™p. XpS¿∂v Rm≥ c≠p- h¿jw ]Tn®v KWn-X-im-kv{X-Øn¬ _ncpZw FSp-Øp. c≠p-h¿jw A≤ym-]-I-\mbn tPmensNbvXp. 1959 ¬ tImgnt°mSv tZh-Kncn tImsf-Pn¬ Fw.-F-kv.knbv°p tN¿∂ Rm≥ ss^\¬ Cb¿ Bcw-`-Øn-emWv Fs‚ kplr-Øns\ ho≠pw ImWp-∂-Xv. IS-∂pt]mb A©p- h¿jsØ Ncn{Xw Rm≥ tNmZn®p a\- n-em-°n. 77 C‚¿ao-Un-b-‰n\p In´nb am¿°p-sIm≠v F≥Pn-\n-b-dnw-Kn\v ko‰v In´msX h∂-Xn-\m¬ tPm¿÷ns\ c£n-Xm-°ƒ _n.-F. amØ-am-‰n-Ivkn\p Xr»n-\m-∏n-≈n-bn¬ Xs∂ tN¿Øp. amXvkv ¢m p-I-fn¬ A]q¿∆-am-bnam{Xw Ib-dn-bn-d-ßp∂ tPm¿÷v AXn-\p- ]-Icw C°-tWm-anIvkv ¢mkpI-fn-emWv t]mbncp-∂Xv. A°m-eØv tImsf-Pn¬ C°-tWm-an-Ivkn\v ¢ms -Sp-Øn-cp-∂-h-cn¬ {]ikvXhm‹nbpw ]m¿ey-sa‚ v AwK-hp-am-bn-cp∂ s{]m^. tXma v {io\n-hm-k≥, s{]m^. Ccp-Zb kzman sdÕym¿ XpSßn ]ecpw D≠m-bn-cp∂p. Ah-cpsS ¢mkp-Ifpw Cw•o-jn¬ ^m. Sn. F≥ skIyq-d-bpsS ¢mkp-Ifpw Bbn-cp∂p tPm¿÷n\v BI¿j-Wo-bam-bn-cp-∂-Xv. Ahn-SsØ kw]p-jvS-amb tImsfPv sse{_-dn-bn-em-bncp∂p At±lw an° ka-bhpw sNe-hn-´n-cp-∂Xv. Aßs\ c≠p h¿jsØ tImgvkv Ah-km-\n-°p-tºmƒ aq∂m-w ]m¿´v Fgp-XmsX tImsf-Pn¬\n∂p ]ncn-tb-≠n-h-∂p. C°-tWm-an-Ivkn¬ Un{Kn FSp-ØXv Xriq¿ sk‚ v tXmakv tImsf-Pn¬\n∂m-bn-cp-∂p. tZh-Kncn sk‚ v tPmkv^vkv tImsf-Pn¬ tPm¿÷v Fw. G. Cw•ojv H∂mw h¿jhpw Rm≥ Fw. Fkv kn. amXvkn\v c≠mw h¿jhpw ]Tn-®ncp∂t∏mgmWv ho≠pw tImsfPv ta‰vkv Bb-Xv. B sIm√w tPm¿÷v tImsfPv bqWn-b≥ sNb¿am≥ ÿm\-Øn\v a’-cn-®p, ]n∂oSv If-IvSdmb hnP-b-N-{µ-t\mSp Hcp-thm-´n\v tXm‰p. Fw. G. ]T\w ]q¿Øn-bm°n-bXv Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw bqWn-th-gvkn‰n tImsf-Pn¬\n∂p-am-bn-cp-∂p. {]n≥kn-∏mƒ ^m. Xntbm-U-jykv At±-l-Øn¬ henb {]Xo-£-I-fmWv h®p ]pe¿Øn-bn-cp-∂-Xv. sk‚ v tXmakv tImsf-Pn¬ A≤ym-]-I-\mbn tN¿∂-tXm-sS-bmWv tPm¿÷v Ncn-{X-Øn¬ Kth-j-W-]-T-\-߃ Bcw-`n-®-Xv. R߃ XΩn¬ ho≠pw ASp-°p-∂Xv Imen-°‰v bqWn-th-gvkn‰n sk\‰v AwK-߃ F∂ \ne-bn-em-bn-cp-∂p. c≠p hn`n∂ A≤ym]IkwL-S\Isf-bmWv R߃ AhnsS {]Xn-\n-[n-Icn-®Xv. \mep- h¿jw - - - B _‘w XpS¿∂p. FhnsS Bbn-cp-∂mepw Xs‚ km∂n≤yw Adn-b-s∏-Sp-Ibpw AwKoI-cn-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp∂ Hcp hy‡n-Xz-Øns‚ DS-a-bm-bn-cp∂p ta\mt®-cn. ]T-\-ß-fn¬ c£n-Xm-°-fp-sS-tbm, kl-]m-Tn-I-fp-sStbm t{]c-Wbv°p- h-g-ßmsX kz¥w A`n-cpNn hf¿Øn-sb-SpØv apt∂m´p \oßn-bncp∂ tPm¿÷v s]cp-am-‰-Ønepw ]T\coXn-bnepw Xs‚ hy‡nXzw \ne\n¿Øn-bn-cp-∂-Xp-sIm-≠m-bn-cn-°Ww C‚¿ao-Un-b-‰n\p ]Tn-°p-tºmƒ kl-]m-Tn-Ifmb R߃ At±-lØn\v “h´v” F∂ t]¿ \¬In-bXv. c£nXm-°ƒ ImWn®psImSpØ F≥Pn-\n-b-dn-ßns‚ hgn-Iƒ X´n-°-f™v {]ikvX kmln-Xy-Im-c≥amcpsS {KŸ-ßfpw Cw•ojv kmln-Xyhpw ]n≥Xp-S¿∂v Xs‚ hy‡n-Xz-Øn¬ Du∂n sshIn-am{Xw Xs‚ “FIvk78 {Sn-kn‰nv” HXp-°m≥ ]Tn-®v, e£y-Øn-tebv°v IpXn-®p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂-t∏mƒ, C∂p ImWp∂ Hcp {KŸ-I¿Øm-hv, Hcp Ncn-{X-Im-c≥ F∂o \ne-I-fntebv°v FØp-sa∂v “h´v” F∂p t]cn´ kl-]m-Tn-I-fmb Rß-fn¬ ]ecpw Icp-Xn-bn-√, B≤ym-]-I-cpƒ∏sS a‰p Nne¿ At±-lsØ “Po\nb vv” BbmWv Icp-Xn-b-Xv. sIankv{Sn s{]m^-k¿ cma-Ir-jvW≥ At±lsØ ¢mkn¬ “^ntem-k-^¿v” F∂mWv hnfn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. Xs‚ P∑-hmk-\sb {]Xn-Iq-e-km-l-N-cy-ß-fnepw kz¥w {]b-Xv\w-sIm≠v hf¿Øn hep-Xm°n hen-b-hm-bn-Øo¿∂ tPm¿÷n\v Cu kl-]m-Tn-bpsS Bbn-cam-bncw Biw-k-Iƒ! Btcm-Ky-]q¿Æ-amb, kt¥m-j-I-c-amb IpSpw-_Po-hn-Xhpw Hcp _p≤n-Po-hn-bpsS {Ia-amb {]h¿Ø-\-]p-tcm-K-Xnbpw hn\b-]q¿∆w t\¿∂p-sIm-≈p-∂p. Atacn°bnse kzoIcWw 2005 IpSpw_ktaXw Kƒ^n¬ 2003 79 tUm. tPm¿÷v Ccp-ºbw s{]m^-k¿ tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®-cn-˛ Nne Hm¿Ω-Iƒ Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw bqWn-th-gvkn‰n tImsf-Pn¬ 1961 -˛ 62 ImeØv Fw. G.bv°p ]Tn-°p-tºm-gmWv tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®-cnsb Rm≥ ]cn-N-b-s∏-´Xv. tPm¿÷v Cw•ojv Fw.-G.bv°pw Rm≥ ae-bmfw Fw.-G.-bv°p-am-bncp-∂Xn-\m¬ A[nIw ASp-°m≥ Ah-kcap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. {][m\ tdmUn- \-∏p-dhpw C∏p-d-hp-ap≈ sI´n-S-ß-fn-em-bn-cp∂p Rß-fpsS ¢mkp-Iƒ. tlmÃ-en¬ h®v h√-t∏mgpsams° ImWp-am-bn-cp-∂p. _lp-Im-cy-hy-{K\mbn \S-°p∂ tPm¿÷n-s\-bmWv Fs‚ Hm¿Ω-bn-ep-≈-Xv. Fw. G. {]ohn-bkv Ign™v ss^\-en\v Rm≥ Fd-Wm-Ipfw alm-cm-Pm-kn-te°p t]m∂p. tPm¿÷v Ahn-sS-Øs∂ Fw. G. Ign®v Xriq¿ sk‚ v tXmakn¬ A≤ym-]I\mbn tN¿∂p. Rm\m-Is´, BZyw tXh-cbnepw ]n∂oSv - Xncp-h\¥]pcw sk‚ v tkthy-gvknepw A\-¥cw Kh. tImsf-Pn-ep-ambn - - tPmen sNbvXp. tPm¿÷ns‚ Kth- j W]T- \ - ß ƒ, hnti- j n®pw am¿tØmΩm {InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS Ncn-{Xw, Ie-Iƒ, hmkvXp-inev]w XpS-ßn-b-h-sb-°pdn-®p≈ cN-\-Iƒ Rm≥ {i≤n-®n-cp-∂p. NneXv F\n°v At±lw XcnIbpw sNbvXn-cp-∂p. Xriq-cp-Xs∂ tPmenbpw Xma-khpw A`w-Kpcw XpS¿∂-Xn-\m¬ AØcw At\z-jW]T-\-߃°v tPm¿÷n\v IqSp-X¬ kuIcyw In´n-sb∂p tXm∂p-∂p. ae-_m¿ tImsf-Pp-I-fnse tPmenbpw Kth-j-Whpw Ign™v 1986 ¬ Fd-Wm-Ipfw alm-cm-Pmkv tImsf-Pn¬ t]mÃv {KmtPz‰v s{]m^-k-dmbn Rm≥ FØn-bt∏mƒ a°ƒ Xriq¿ F©n-\n-bdnMv tImsf-Pn¬ ]T-\hpw `mcy Be-Øq¿ Fkv. F≥. tImsf-Pn¬ A≤ym-]-\-hp-ambn FØn-bn-cp∂p. B kml-N-cy-Øn¬ Xriqcn¬ hmS-Ibv°v R߃ Xma-kn-°m-\n-Sbm-bn. A°m-eØv CS-bv°nsS tPm¿÷ns\ ImWm\pw s]mXp-Xm-ev]cy-ap≈ Imcy-߃ kwkm-cn-°m\pw km[n-®n-cp-∂p. sk‚ v tXmakv {InkvXy≥kv F∂ tPm¿÷ns‚ hninjvSIrXn At∏mƒ {]kn-≤o-Icn®p 80 Ign-™n-cp-∂p. Fs‚ afiew kmlnXy\ncq-]-Whpw t\mh¬ Kth-j-W-hp-am-bn-cp∂-Xn-\m¬ ]c-kv]cw N¿®sNtø≠ Imcy-߃ Ipd-hm-bn-cp-∂p. 1993 ¬ Rm≥ Fd-Wm-Ip-fØp Xma-k-am-°n-b-Xn-\p-tijw au≠v sk‚ v tXmaknse skan-\m-dp-I-fn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°m≥ R߃ IqSm-dp-≠v. AhnsS tPm¿÷v Ah- X - c n- ∏ n® {]_‘w {it≤- b - a m- b n- c p- ∂ p. \s√mcp kplrØpw Xm≥ sXc-s™-SpØ afi-e-Øn¬ \nc-¥cw A≤zm-\n® Hu∂-Xy-Øn-se-Ønb hy‡n-bp-am-bn-´mWv tPm¿÷ns\ Rm≥ kvacn-°p∂Xpw _lp-am-\n-°p-∂-Xpw. At±-lØns‚ k]vXXn BtLm-jn-°p∂ Cu Ah-kcØn¬ Zo¿Lm- bp pw Btcm-Kyhpw, C\nbpw kmwkv°m-cnIkw`m-h-\-Iƒ sNøm-\p≈ Ignhpw D≠m-Is´ F∂v Biw-kn-°p-∂p, {]m¿∞n-°p-∂p. Bflob Imcy-ßfn-tebv°v At±-lØns‚ {i≤ IqSp-X¬ Xncn-bp-am-dm-Is´ F∂pw {]m¿∞n-°p-∂p. acnb]pcw ]≈nbpw ]gb bqWnb≥ {] pw A¬]w hn{iaw 81 _m_p shf-∏mb Fs‚ amjv A∂v sk‚ v tXma-kn\v Cu ]®-∏p-≠m-bn-cp-∂n√ IWn-bm-sb-¶nepw Hcp ]qhp-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√... hcm-¥-Iƒ°v Cu N¥tam, \£{X]cn-th-jtam C√m-bn-cp-∂p. B¿Svkv tªm°pw kb≥kv tªm°pw AXn-e-ßp-anßpw ]e ¢mkp-I-fpw... Ingt° hgn-bn-se∂pw ]t£ I≠p-a-Sp-°mØ \nd-°m-gvN.... AXn-\n-S-bn¬ Be-∏m-´-®\pw NpΩm-cp-amjpw ]utem-kvamjpw tXm_n-bm- mdpw (Hcp kpthm-f-Pn-°m-c\v kmsdt∂ ]d-bm-\m-hq) ASp-Øp- \n-∂, tN¿Øp-\n¿Ønb Kpcp-°≥am¿.... BwK-te-b-an-jvS-an-√m-Xn-cp-∂n´pw ASp-∏-ap-≠m-bn˛ ta\m-t®-cn- am-tjmSpw h¿§o-kv am-tjm-Spw....! ]d-™p-h-cp-∂Xv ta\m-t®cn amsj-°p-dn-®p-X-s∂.... 82 ]Tn-∏n-°msX ]Tn-∏n® ]Tn-°msX ]Tn® Nne ]mT-ßsfIpdn-®v.... `mj-bv°-∏p-dØv Cw•o-jns‚ `mhw ImWn-®-Xv.... hm°n¬ ebn-°p∂ hodv Im´n-b-Xv.... \mSy-kn-≤n-I-fn¬ Ip´n-Isf Iøn-se-Sp-Ø-Xv... ¢mkp-ap-dn°pw ]mT-]p-kvX-I-Øn-\p-ap-∏pdw IÆpw ImXp-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂p ta\m-t®cn amjv°v... Iebpw Imem-Xn-h¿Øn-bmb ImgvN-Ifpw I≠p-h-®p... ImØp-hbv-t°-≠-Xm-sW∂v Hm¿Ω-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNbvXp.. Adn-™p-a-dn-bm-sXbpw ]e-t∏mgpw I≠p-ap´n At±-l-sa-t∏mgpw ]Tn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.... Aßs\ \ap-t°-sd-t∏-cn-√-t√m.... 83 h¿Kokv A¶-amen Ncn-{X-Ønse amSºn C¥y-bnse {InkvXp-a-X-N-cn-{X-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ ]T-\-Øn-\n-S-bn-emWv s{]m^. tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®-cn-bpsS ‘sk‚ v tXmakv F≥ssk-t¢m-]o-Unb’ F∂ {KŸw ImWm≥ CS-bm-b-Xv. A¶-am-en-bnse aq∂p ]≈n-I-fn-sebpw, AI-∏-d-ºv, Im™q¿, sImc´n F∂n-hn-S-ß-fn-sebpw Ncn{Xkm£yß-fpw, ]pcm-X-\- inemtcJ-I-fpw, ‘kz¿§hpw \c-Ihpw’ F∂ ayqd¬ s]bn‚nßpw t^mt´m-{Km-^p-I-fmbn ]pd-Øp-h∂ At±-l-Øns‚ {KŸw Fs∂ h√msX BI¿jn-®p. ]n∂oSv, Ncn{Xw sI´p-IYb√ adn-®v, sXfn-hp-Ifm-sW∂v ÿm]n-°m≥ - {ian-°p∂ tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®cn F∂ Cw•ojv s{]m^-k-dpsS {]h¿Ø\-߃ t\cn¬ ImWm≥ CS-h-∂Xv Xriq¿ eq¿±v IØo-{U-en\p kao]Øv {InkvXy≥ ayqknbw Xpd-∂-t∏m-gm-Wv. hntZ-i-ß-fn¬ {]Nm-c-Øn-ep≈ `mcX {InkvXp-a-X-N-cn{Xw sI´p-I-YI-fpsS s]men-a-bp-≈-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. _¿Æm¿Zv tXma-bpw, πmknUv s]mSn∏m-dbpw XpS-ßn-h® Ncn-{X-]-T\w DZ-bw-t]-cq¿ kq\-l-tZmkv DS-°n-bpw, Iq\≥ Ipcn-in¬ Xqßnbpw ]ptcm-ln-X-∑m-cpsS ]T-\-ap-dn-I-fn¬ tdmase {KntKm-dn-b≥ bqWn-th-gvkn‰n \¬Ip∂ tUmIvStd-‰n¬ IÆpw \´v apt∂m´v s]mbvs°m-≠n-cp-∂p. \q‰m-≠p-Iƒ°p -apºv C¥y-bn¬ FØn-s∏´ PqX{InkvXp-a-X-Øns‚ tij-]-{X-߃ Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°p-hm-\p≈ {iaw XpS-ßn-h-®Xv tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®-cn-bm-Wv. ]bkv ate-°-≠-Øn¬, sI. Fkv. amXyp, kv°dnb kv°dn-b, aØn-bmkv ap≠m-S≥ F∂n-h¿ Cu {ia-Øn\v Gsd ]n≥XpW \¬In-b-h-cm-Wv. {Inkv X paX- N - c n{X]T\w hntZ- i - ß - f n¬ ]mfin- X y- t ØmsS ssIImcywsNø-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ, C¥y-bn¬ Kuc-hta-dnb hnj-ba√m-Xm-bXv - ]ptcm-ln-X-∑m¿ k`-bv°p-≈n¬ Ncn-{XsØ Xf-®n-´-Xp-sIm-≠pw, sI´p-IY-IfpsS Nmcp-XtbmsS ]T-\߃ Ah-Xcn-∏n®v tUmIvStd‰v Ic-ÿam°n - 84 Ncn-{X-]-T\w Ah-km-\n-∏n-°p-∂-Xp-sIm-≠p-am-Wv. k`m-N-cn-{X-Øns‚ D]-⁄m-Xm-°-fmb {InkvXp-a-X-]-fi-X-∑m-cn¬ A¬ambKWw C√msXt]mbXv `mc- X - k - ` m- N - c n- { X- s a- ∂ Xv ss__nƒt]mse ssIImcywsNtø≠ Hcp hnj-b-am-sW∂v k`m-t\XrXzw [cn-®-Xp-sIm-≠m-Wv. sk‚ v tXm-akv hgn C¥y-bn¬ FØn-s∏´ {InkvXp-a-X-Øns‚ tij-]-{X-ß-fmb A]q¿∆{KŸ-ßfpw, kmwkv°mcnIkma-{Kn-Ifpw, inem-en-Jn-Xßfpw, ayqd¬ Nn{X-ßfpw ayqkn-bßfnepw - - ]pkvX-I-ß-fn-ep-ambn ]p\¿÷-\n-∏n®p F∂-XmWv tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®-cnbpsS t\´w. {InkvXp-a-X-Øns‚ C¥y≥ ]mc-ºcyw Is≠-Ønb A¬a-mb-cn¬ {]ap-J\mWv tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®-cn. 1969¬ _mw•q-cnse `mc-Xk`m tZinb skan-\m-dn¬ \yqa≥ Atkm-kn-tb-js‚ tZiob D]m-≤y-£≥ F∂ \nebn¬ ]s¶-SpØ At±lw ss{IkvX-h-k-`-bpsS C¥y≥ Ncn{Xw F∂ hnj-b-Øn\v sXfn-hp-Iƒ lmP-cm-°p-Ibpw \q‰m-≠p-Iƒ ]g-°-ap≈ {InkvXy≥ kaq-l-amWv C¥y-bn-teXv F∂v ÿm]n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. 1973¬ ]pd-Øn-d-ßnb sk‚ v tXmakv {InkvXy≥ F≥ssk-t¢m-]oUnb F∂ t]cn¬ C¥y-bnse {InkvXp-a-X-sØ-°p-dn®v aq∂v hmfy-ßfmbn Hcp ]c-º-c-bmWv tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®cnsb {it≤-b-\m-°n-b-Xv. ]n∂oSv 1982¬ F≥ssk-t¢m-]o-Unb c≠mw hmfyw, 1998 ¬ \k-dm-Wokv F∂nh {]kn-≤o-I-cn-®p. ]pcm-X\ ]≈n-I-fn¬\n∂pw {InkvXy≥ Xd-hm-Sp-I-fn¬\n∂pw \qdpI-W-°n\v Ncn-{X-tc-J-Iƒ Is≠-Sp-Øv, Ah hntZ-i-cm-Py-ß-fn¬ Ah-Xcn-∏n-®pw, Nn{X-ßfpw ]T-\ßfpw BapJ°pdn-∏p-Ifpw \¬In _rlZv{KŸß-fmbn {]kn-≤o-I-cn®pw At±lw Ncn{Xkm£yw \¬Ip-∂p. {]kn-≤oI-cn® {KŸ-ß-fn-tf-sdbpw hntZi k¿∆-I-em-im-e-I-fn¬ C∂v d^-d≥kv {KŸ-ßfm-Wv. ]e-t∏mgpw hntZ-ißfn¬ At±lw skan-\m-dp-Ifpw ¢mkp- Ifpw \S-Øp-∂p-≠v. ]≈n-°-e-I-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ At\z-j-W-Øn-\n-S-bn¬ {InkvXp-a-X-N-cn{Xhpw kwkv°m-chpw temI-Øn\v ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Ønb tPm¿÷v ta\mt®cn ]g-a-bpsS kwc-£-W-amWv ss]Xr-Ihpw km£yhpw F∂v P\ßsf t_m≤y-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xns‚ DZm-l-c-W-amWv At±-l-Øns‚ hoSpw kao-]Øp≈ H√q¿ ]≈n-bpw. tIc-f-Øn-ep-S-\ofw ]pcm-X\ {InkvXy≥ ]≈n-Iƒ s]mfn®v Xntb-‰-dp-I-fpsS amXr-I-bn¬ ]p\¿÷-\n-°p-tºmƒ tIc-f-Ønse G‰hpw t{ijvT-amb ]ucm-WnI tZhm-e-b-ambn H√q¿ ]≈nsb ImØp kq£n- ° p- ∂ Xv tPm¿÷v ta\m- t ®- c n- b psS km∂n≤ykzm[o-\-߃sIm≠m-sW∂v ]d-bmw. A]q¿∆tiJ-c-ß-fp≈ sse{_-dn-bpw, kmwkv°m-cnIkma-{Kn-I-fpw, Bbn-c-°-W-°n\v Nn{X-ß-fpw, k]vXXn BtLm-j-th-f-bn¬ kwL-Sn∏n® \qdp-I-W-°n\v hne-tb-dnb s]bn‚n-ßp-Ifpw kq£n-°p∂ At±-l85 Øns‚ ho´n¬ Ncn-{X-Øn¬ Xmev]-cy-ap≈ B¿°pw Ib-dn-s®-√mw. sse{_dn D]-tbm-Kn-°p-Itbm, Zo¿L-t\cw X¿°n-®n-cn-°p-Itbm Bhmw. F∂m¬ {]mNo\]pkvI-I-ß-fpsS Ie-h-d-bmb sse{_-dn-bn¬\n∂pw ]pkvXIw ISw tNmZn-®m¬ At±lw AXns‚ t^mt´m-Ãm‰v apgp-h≥ kz¥w sNe-hn¬ FSp-Øp-X-cmw, ]pkvXIw Xcn√ F∂v hn\-b-tØmsS ]d-bpw. AXp-sIm≠v Xs∂ At±-l-Øns‚ ]pkvX-I-ti-Jcw Aaq-eyam-Wv, tiJ-cn-®-sXm∂pw \jvS-s∏-´p-Im-Wn-√. Hcn-°¬, jmPn sP°-_p-samØv C‚¿hyq sNøm≥ sN∂-t∏mƒ, Hcp sNdnb ]pkvXIw FSpØv ap∂n-se-Ønb Ft∂mSv AXns‚ t^mt´mÃm‰v FSpØv Ab-®p-X-cm-sa∂v G‰v ]pkvXIw Xncn®p hmßn-°p-Ibpw (hm°p ]men-®p), At±lw ]pd-Øn-d-°nb F√m ]pkvX-I-ßfpw (\-{kmWokv ˛ 2,250 cq]) kΩm-\-ambn \¬Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp. Ncn{Xkm£y-ß-fpsS Ie-h-d-bmbn tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®cn ap≥ssI FSpØv {]h¿Ø-\-am-cw-`n® Xriq¿ sk‚ v tXmakv {InkvXy≥ ayqknbw, Im°-\m´v sk‚ v tXmakv au≠v ayqkn-bw, ]me-bq¿ sk‚ v tXmakv ayqknbw F∂nh tIcf ss{IkvXhk`m-N-cn-{X-]-T-\-Øn\v D]-bp-‡-amWv. k]vXXn BtLm-j-th-f-bn-emWv am¿∏m∏ A¬am-b¿°v \¬Ip∂ _lp-a-Xn-bmb sjh-en-b¿ ÿm\w tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®-cnsb tXSn-sbØp-∂-Xv. Aiz-ho-c≥ F∂ {^©p- {]`pÿm\-ß-fn-sem-∂mb sjh-enb¿ ÿm\w kotdm ae-_m¿ k`-bn¬ apºv e`n-®n-cp-∂Xv amSºn (C-S-{]`p-°-∑m¿) am¿°msW∂v ]cm-a¿in-®n-´p-≠v. \m°ns‚ anSp-°p-sIm≠vam{Xw Pohn-°p-∂-h¿ F∂ A¿∞w sjh-en-b-dn\v ssIh-∂Xv AXpsIm-≠m-Imw. GXm-bmepw, {]hrØn-sIm≠v t\Sn-sb-SpØ Cu _lpaXn tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®-cnsb Ncn-{X-Ønse amS-ºn-bmbn Db¿Ønbn-cn°p∂p. 86 70 ˛ ¬ \n∂v 20 ˛ tebv°v Xncn-™p-t\m-°p-tºmƒ kn. sI. Kncn-P-Ip-am¿ 2008 am¿®v 8˛mw XobXn i\n-bm-gvN-bnse ]{X-Øn¬ I≠ Hcp hm¿Ø Fs‚ a\- ns\ AºXp h¿jw ]nd-In-te°v sIms≠-Øn-®p. {io tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®cn°v sjh-en-b¿ ]Zhn e`n®p F∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p B hm¿Ø. CXn¬ Xosc A¤pXw tXm∂n-bn-√. hf-sc-b-[nIw kt¥m-jn®p. ImcWw, CXv F{Xtbm apºv e`n-t°-≠- Hcp ]Z-hnbm-bn-cp∂p. 1958 -˛ 60 ImeØv Rm≥ sk‚ v tXmakv tImsf-Pn¬ C°-tWmanIvkv _n. Fbv°v tN¿∂p. tImsfPv Xpd∂v Ipd®v Znh-k-߃°p tijw ]pXn-b-Xmbn Hcp hnZym¿∞n ¢m n¬ h∂p. h∂ DSs\ Fs‚ ASpØ ko‰n¬ ÿm\w ]nSn-®p. ¢mkv Ign™v R߃ ]cn-N-b-s∏-´p. t]cv tPm¿÷v. hoSv H√q¿ ]≈n°v ]Sn-™m-dp-h-iw. ]Ømw-¢m-kp-hsc Im´q¿ kvIqfnepw AXn-\p-tijw C‚¿ao-Un-b-‰n\v {Sn®n-bnepw ]Tn-®p. Ahn-sS-Øs∂ Un{Kn°v tN¿∂psh∂pw, ‘IW°v’ hg-ßp-∂n√ F∂p I≠v Xriq¿°v t]m∂-XmWv F∂pw ]d-™p. A∂p- ap-X¬ R߃ Htc _©n¬ Ccp∂p Htc _ n¬ k©-cn-®p. Fs‚ hoSv s]cn-t©-cnbn-em-b-Xp-sIm≠v Hcp-an®v bm{XsNøm≥ Ign-™p. Cu Ime-L-´-Øn¬ tIcfw `cn-®n-cp-∂Xv C. Fw. Fkv \ºq-Xn-cn-∏mSns‚ H∂m-asØ IΩyq-WnÃp a{¥n-k`bm-bn-cp-∂p. Cu ka-bØpv Be- ∏p-gbnse hnZym¿∞n-IfpsS ‘HcW’ t_m´p-kacw tIcfw apgp-h≥ hym]n®p. AXp-sIm≠v tImsf-Pp-Iƒ HmWm-hp-[n°v t\csØ AS-®p. C°meØv tPm¿÷v Hcp kplr-Øp-samØv Fs‚ ho´n¬ h∂p. ASpØ h¿jw tIc-f-Øn¬ hntam-N-\-k-acw s]m´n-∏p-d-s∏-´p. AXns‚ ^e-ambn tImsf-Pp-I-fn¬ A≤y-b\w apS-ßn. Cu ka-bØv tPm¿÷v amt\-Pnßv FUn-‰dmbn ‘lmwkn°v’ (HAMSICK) F∂ t]cn¬ Hcp hm¿Øm-am-knI {]kn-≤o-Icn-®p. Rm\pw ]{Xm-[n-]kan-Xn-bn¬ Hcw- K-am-bn-cp-∂p. c≠p-aq-∂mgvN hmcnI IrXy-ambn ]pd-Øn-d-ßn. ]n∂oSv 87 c≠pw aq∂pw BgvN-Iq-Sp-tºmƒ am{Xw. {ItaW AXpw \n∂p. 1959 ˛ 60 ¬ tImsfPv bqWn-b-\n-tebv°v tPm¿÷v P\-d¬ sk{I-´dnbmbpw Rm≥ sNb¿am-\p-ambpw sXc-s™-Sp-°s∏-´p. B h¿jw tI{µa-{¥nsb ]s¶-Sp-∏n-®p-sIm≠v bqWn-b≥ DZvLm-S\w \S-Øn. _n. G. bv°v tijw tPm¿÷v 1960 ¬ tImgn-t°mSv tZh-Kncn tImsfPn¬ Fw. F. bv°v tN¿∂p. ASp-Ø- h¿jw Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw bqWn-thgvkn‰n tImsfPn-tebv°v amdn. 1962 ˛ ¬ At±lw Xm≥ ]Tn® tImsfPn¬Øs∂ Cw•ojv Un∏m¿´p-sa‚n¬ A≤ym-]-I-\mbn tN¿∂p. 1963 sabv amk-Øn¬ Hcp Znhkw tPm¿÷v ho´n¬ h∂p. ]Tn-®ncp∂ Ah-k-c-Øn¬ Rm≥ At±-l-Øns‚ ho´nepw tPm¿÷v Fs‚ ho´nepw hcp-am-bn-cp-∂p. Ct∏mƒ h∂-Xns‚ Dt±iw tImsfPv amt\Psc ImWp-hm≥ Rm≥ IqsS t]mI-W-sa-∂-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. aÆp-Øn-°-SpØp≈ Uman-b≥ C≥Ãn-‰yq-´ns‚ Ub-d-IvS¿ IqSn-bm-bn-cp∂p amt\-P¿. At∏mƒØs∂ R߃ Ahn-tSbv°v t]mbn. \mep- a-Wn°v AhnsS FØn. Bdp- a-Wn-tbm-Sp-IqSn Ahn-sS-\n∂v Xncn-®p-t]m-∂p. AXn-\nsS Ub-d-IvS-d-®≥ Ahn-SsØ At¥-hm-kn-I-sf-°p-dn-s®√mw ]d-™p. IqSmsX Fs¥-¶nepw Ign-°p-∂-Xn\v _p≤n-ap-´pt≠m F∂pw Bcm-™p. F¥v X∂mepw Ign-°m-sa∂v ]d-™p. R߃ Iqƒ{UnwMvkv Ign®v bm{X-]-d™v Xncn-®p-t]m-∂p. ]n∂oSv Rm≥ tPm¿÷ns\ ImWp-∂Xv Hcp ss_°v A]-ISw ]‰nb DSs\ Bip-]{Xn-bn¬ t]mIp-tºm-gm-bn-cp-∂p. Rm\pw DSs\ IqsS t]mbn. c≠p Znhkw Bip-]-{Xn-bn¬ R߃ Hcp-an®v Ign-™p. Ahn-sS-\n∂pw UnkvNm¿÷v sNbvXv ho´n¬ sIm≠m-°n-bXn-\p-ti-jamWv Rm≥ Xncn®v t]m∂-Xv. Ipsd \mfp-Iƒ°p tijw Hcp Znhkw D®-Xn-cn™v 2 aWn°v {ioam≥ ho´n¬ h-∂p. s]cn-t©cn ]≈n-bn¬ Hcp ]cn-]m-Sn-bn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°p-∂-Xn\p- th-≠n-bm-bn-cp∂p At±lw h∂-Xv. R߃ aq∂p aWn°v ]≈nbn¬ t]mbn. ]cn-]mSn Ign-bpw-hsc Fs∂bpw tÃPn¬ ]nSn-®n-cp-Øn. A[nIw \mfp-Iƒ Ign-bp-∂-Xn-\p- apºv ho≠pw thsdmcp ]cn-]m-Sn-bn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°p-∂-Xn-\p-th≠n ho´n¬ h-∂p. CØ-hW h∂Xv Fs‚ A—≥ kvt]m¨k¿sNbvX I∏n\pth-≠n-bp≈ thmfn-t_mƒ a’-c-Øns‚ DZvLm-S-\-Øn-\p- th-≠n-bm-bn-cp-∂p. kvt]m¿´vkv ¢_v `mc-hm-ln-Iƒ DZvLm-S-\-Øo-b-Xnbpw ka-bhpw am{Xsa Rßsf Adn-bn-®n-cp-∂p-≈p. R߃ Hcp-an®v AhnsS FØn-b-t∏mƒ ¢_v `mc-hm-ln-Iƒ A¤p-X-s∏´p. AXn-\vtijw Rßsf ho´n¬ FØn-®-Xn-\p- ti-j-amWv tPm¿÷v t]mb-Xv. 88 tPm¿÷ns‚ hnhm-l-Øn\v F\n°v ]s¶-Sp-°m≥ Ign-™n-√. B ka-bØv Rm≥ ap∆m-‰p-]p-g-bn¬ 10 Znh-ksØ Hcp s{Sbn-\nßv t{]m{Kman¬ ]s¶-Sp-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. hnhm-l-Zn-hkw cm{Xn-bmWv Rm≥ ho´n¬ Xncn-s®-Øn-b-Xv. ASp-Ø -Zn-hkw Xs∂ Rm≥ kplr-Øns\ ImWm≥ t]m-bn. At∏m-gmWv Adn-bp-∂Xv At±lw At©-cn-bn-tebv°v Xmakw am‰n-sb-∂v. henb {]bmkw IqSmsX At©-cn-bnse ho´n¬ FØnt®¿∂p. `mKy-sa∂p ]d-bs´ At±-lhpw {ioa-Xnbpw ho´n¬ D≠m-bn-cp∂p. A∂v Ah-tcm-sSm∏w D®-`-£-Whpw Ign-®mWv Xncn®v t]m∂-Xv. Rm≥ ]o®n-bn¬ tPmen sNbvXn-cp-∂-t∏mƒ At±-l-Øns‚ hen-bΩ-bpsS aI≥ h¿°n-t®-´\pw Ft∂m-sSm∏w tPmen sNbvXn-cp-∂p. At±l-amWv ]d-™Xv tPm¿÷v Xriq-cmWv Xma-kn-°p-∂-sX-∂v. Hcp Znhkw D®-Xn-cn™v R߃ AhnsS t]mbn. ]n∂oSv dn´-b¿ sNbvX-tijw, Rm\pw `mcybpw Xriq¿ k∫v {Sj-dnbn¬ s]≥j≥ hmßp-hm≥ t]mb-t∏mƒ At±-lhpw s]≥j≥ hmßphm≥ h∂n-cp-∂p. Ipd-®p- Im-e߃°p-tijw tPm¿÷v Fs∂ t^mWn¬ hnfn®v aIs‚ hnhm-l-hn-hcw Adn-bn-®p. hnhmlw H√q¿ ]≈n-bn¬sh®v D®-bv°p- tij-am-sW∂pw ho´n¬ h∂v £Wn-°-Wtam F∂pw tNmZn-®p. AXns‚ Bh-iy-an-s√∂v Rm≥ ]d-™p. hnhml Znhkw D®-Xn-cn™v c≠p aWn°v Rm≥ FØp-tºmƒ Ah¿ ]≈n-bn-tebv°v t]mIp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Rm\pw Ah-cpsS IqsS ]≈n-bn¬ t]mbn. hnhmlI¿Ω-ß-fnepw AXn\p-tijw \S∂ ]m¿´n-bnepw ]s¶-SpØv Bdp aWn Ign-™mWv Rm≥ Xncn®v t]m∂-Xv. Fs‚ aIs‚ hnhm-l-Øn\v Rm\pw t^mWn¬Iq-Sn-bmWv £Wn-®Xv. hoSn-\-Sp-Øp-X-s∂bp≈ Hcp IeymWafi-]-Øn¬ sh®m-bn-cp∂p hnhm-lw. At±lw afi-]-Øn¬ hcp-tºmƒ Rm≥ ho´n-em-bn-cp-∂p. DS-s\-Øs∂ tPm¿÷v ho´n-tebv°v h∂p. ho≠pw Rß-ƒ hnhmlafi]-Øn-tebv°v t]mbn. G‰hpw HSp-hn¬ Rm≥ tPm¿÷ns‚ ho´n¬ t]mbXv Fs‚ aIƒ Fw. G. bv°v ]Tn-°p-tºmƒ Ah-fpsS c≠p Iq´p-Im-cn-Iƒ°p-th≠n H√q¿ ]≈n-sbbpw H√q-cnse hyh-km-bn-I-sfbpw Ipdn®v tNmZn®v a\- nem-°p-∂-Xn-\p- th-≠n-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Cu ka-bØv At±lw At©-cnbn¬\n∂pw H√q-cnse ]gb ho´n-tebv°v Xmakw am‰n-bn-cp-∂p. s{]m^. tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®cn k]vXXn kanXn AWn-bn-s®mcp-°p∂ kvac-Wn-I-bn-tebv°v Fs∂-°qSn Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xn¬ F\n°v hf-sc-b89 [nIw kt¥m-j-ap-≠v. Ct∏mƒ Fgp-]-Xns‚ \nd-hn¬ At±lw am{X-a√, Rm\pw FØn-\n¬°p∂ Cu Ah-k-c-Øn¬ ]g-b-Imekvac-W-Iƒ Hm¿°p-hm≥ Ah-k-c-w D-≠m-°n-Ø-∂-Xn\v k]vXXn kan-Xn-tbmSv hfsc-b-[nIw \µn-bp-≠v.s tXmam]oUnb {]Imi\w Xriq¿ B¿®v _nj∏vkv lukv 90 H√qcns‚ s]cp-a-bpsS Imh¬°m-c≥ ^m. tPm¿÷v FS-°-f-Øq¿ s{]m^. tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®cnbpsS k]vXXn Bcw-`n-®-t∏mƒ H√q¿ hnImcn Rm\m-bn-cp-∂XpsIm≠pw a‰pw GXm\pw hcn-Iƒ tPm¿÷v amsj°pdn®v Fgp-Xm≥ kt¥m-j-ap-≠v. H√q¿ CS-h-I-bpsS hf¿®bv°pw {]i-kvXn-°pw- th-≠n, tIc-f-k-`bpsS Ncn-{X-Øn-\p-th-≠n, ItØm-en°m k`-bpsS {]h¿Ø-\-߃°pth≠n PohnXw am‰n-sh® hy‡n-bmWv s{]m^. tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®cn. hfsc hnim-eamb ImgvN∏m-Sp≈ hy‡n. H√q¿ CS-hIsb icn°pw ‘Nn∂tdm-a’bm-°m≥ Ft∏mgpw ]cn-{i-an-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ hy‡n-bm-Wv. Xriq¿ AXn-cq-]-X-bpsS F∂√, tIcfk`-bnse GsX-¶nepw {][m\ ]cn-]m-SnIƒ Ds≠-¶n¬, AXv H√q-cn¬ \S-°-W-sa-∂pw, H√q-cmWv AXn\v ]‰nb ÿe-sa∂pw ss[cy-]q¿∆w ]d-bp-hm\pw AXv kwL-Sn-∏n-°m\pw ]cn-{ian-°p∂ hy‡n-bm-Wv tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®cn. hn. dmt^¬ amem-J-bpsS Xncp-\m-fn-t\m-S-\p-_-‘n®v, At±lw Hcp Ncn{Xkmkv°m-cnI FIvkn_n-j≥ \S-Øn-bXv Rmt\m¿°p-∂p. AXv \S-°ptam Fs∂ms° ]ecpw kwi-bn-s®-¶nepw, hfsc hn]p-e-amb coXn-bn¬ AXv \S-°pI-bp-≠mbn. H√q-cns‚ ]g-a-bpw {]Xm-]-hpw ]mc-º-cy-hp-sa√mw F√m-h-scbpw Adn-bn°m\pw AXp-hgn C¥y-bv°IØp-\n∂pw ]pd-Øp-\n∂pw [mcmfw kµ¿i- Isc H√q-cn-tebv°v BI¿jn-°m\pw F∂pw {ian-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ hy‡n-bm-Wv s{]m^. ta\m-t®-cn. k]vX-Xn- BtLm-j-Øns‚ t]cn¬ injy-K-Whpw kplr-Øp-°fpw tN¿∂v ]e ]cn-]m-Sn-Ifpw Hcp-°n-bXv G‰hpw amXr-Im-]-c-am-Wv. Ah shdpw BtLm-j-߃ am{X-a√, F√mh¿°pw D]-Im-c-{]-Z-amb ]cn-]m-Sn-IfmWv. k]vX-Xn-bpsS \nd-hn¬ ta\m-t®cn amjv°v e`n® G‰hpw henb AwKo-Im-c-amWv sjh-en-b¿ ]Zhn F∂p \ap-°-dnbmw. k`m{]h¿Ø\-߃°p th≠n PohnXw am‰n-sh-bv°p∂-h¿°p k`-bn¬\n∂v e`n-°mhp∂ henb AwKo-Im-c-am-Wn-Xv. sk‚ v tXmakv tImsf-Pn¬ At±lw 91 Fs‚ Kpcp-`q-X\mbn-cp-∂p. ]n∂oSv Rm≥ H√q-cnse sIm®-®\pw Cu ASpØ-\mƒhsc hnIm-cn-b-®\pw BIm≥ CS-h-∂-t∏mƒ tPm¿÷v amjp-ambp≈ Fs‚ ASp∏w Bg-s∏-Sphm≥ CS-bm-bn. Cu henb ÿm\-e-_vZnbn¬ At±-l-Øn-\pv F√m-hn[ Biw-k-Ifpw Rm≥ t\cp-∂p. k]vXXn kam-]-\-]-cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ hnP-bn-°s´ F∂v {]m¿∞n-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p. ktlmZcoktlmZc∑mtcmsSm∏w aqØ]p{Xs‚ hnhmlthfbn¬ IpSpw_mwKßtfmsSm∏w Cfb]p{Xs‚ hnhmlthfbn¬ 92 Adn-hns‚ \nd-IpSw amXyp aSp-°-°pgn Xriq¿ sk‚ v tXmakv tImsf-Pn¬ Cw•ojv eIvN-d-dmbpw s{]m^-kdmbpw aq∂p Zim-_vZ-°mew tkh\w A\p-jvTn-°p-Ibpw AXn¬ c≠p ]Xn-‰m-≠p-Imew _ncp-Zm-\-¥c hnZym¿∞n-Isf ]Tn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvX s{]m^- k ¿ tPm¿÷v ta\m- t ®cn 1992 ¬ Ncn{XKth- j - W - Ø n\pw ]pkvXI{]kn-≤o-I-c-W-Øn-\p-ambn tImsf-Pn¬\n∂v kzbw hnc-an-°p-Ibm-bn-cp-∂p. 1984 apX¬ awK-e-∏pg s]m¥n-^n-°¬ skan-\m-cn-bnepw a‰pNne Xntbm-fPn skan-\m-cn-I-fnepw hnkn-‰nwKv s{]m^-k-dmbn At±lw tkh-\a\p-jvTn-°p-Ibp-≠m-bn. IqSmsX, kplr-Øp-°fp-samØv At±lw - Xriq-cn¬ Hcp A¬amb t\Xr-Xz-]cn-io-e\tI-{µhpw Bcw-`n-®p. AXns‚ - Bcw-`w -ap-X¬ C∂p-hsc s{]m^. ta\m-t®cn AXns‚ Ub-d-IvS-dm-Wv. Cu ÿm]- \ - Ø n¬ ]e \qX\ ]cn- i o- e \]T- \ - ] - ≤ - X n- I ƒ Bkq{XWwsNbvXp \S-∏n-em-°n-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. \yqam≥ Atkm-kn-tb-j≥ Hm^v C¥ybpsS tZiob sshkv {]kn-U‚mbn 1964 apX¬ Zo¿L-Imew AXn-t\mSp kl-I-cn-°p-hm\pw s{]m^-k¿ ta\m-t®-cn°v Ah-kcw e`n®p. {KŸ-k-ap-®bw sk‚ v tXmakv {InkvXy≥ F≥ssk-t¢m-]o-Unbm Hm^v C¥y, C¥y≥ N¿®v lnÃdn ¢mknIvkv (Zn \{km-Wo-kv) F∂o _rlXv{KŸß-fn-eqsS `mcX ss{IkvXhNcn-{Xhpw kmwkv°m-cnIss]Xr-Ihpw temIØn-se-Øn® {]ikvX kmwkv°m-cnI Ncn{X Kth-j-I-\mWv s{]m^. tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®-cn. C¥y≥ N¿®v lnÃdn ¢mknIvkv (Zn \{km-Wokv) aq∂p `mK-ß-fmbn (volumes) ´mW-t±lw {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Cw•ojv A≤ym-]-I-\mb s{]m^-k¿ ta\m-t®cn tIcf k¿∆-I-emim-e-bn¬ ]n.-F-®v.-Un°v Ncn-{X-Øn¬ t]cp cPn-ÿ sNøp-Ibpw B cwKØp Ipsd Gsd ]T-\-߃ \S-Øp-Ibpw sNbvsX-¶nepw At±-l- 93 Øns‚ ssKUv tUm. am¿Øm-fi-h¿Ω-bpsS BI-kvanI\ncym-Ww -aqew Xoknkv ]q¿Øn-bm-°m≥ Ign-™n-√. Ct∏mƒ At±lw _mwKvfq¿ [¿Ωmcmw hnZym-t£-{X-Øn¬ Hcp tUmIvS-d¬ kvtImf-dm-Wv. At±lw sXc-s™-Sp-Øn-cn-°p∂ hnjbw “The Social Status of Thomas Christians as indicated by their Art and Architecture” F∂-Xm-Wv. ]q\m C≥Ãn‰yq´v Hm^v tkmjy¬ kb≥kkn¬\n∂pw 1957 ¬ At±-lØn\p Untπma e`n-®n´p≠v. CXp-Iq-SmsX thƒUv Akwªn Hm^v bqØns‚ ]cn-ioe-\hpw At±lw t\Sn. hnZym-`ym-kw, Ncn-{Xw, kwkv°m-cw, ssZh-imkv{Xw, kmaq-ly-im-kv{Xw, Iºyq-´¿, C‚¿s\-‰v, sF.-Sn., B¿´v, B¿°nsS-Iv®¿ F∂n-ßs\bp≈ hnhn[ hnj-b-ß-fn¬ Hu]-Nm-cn-Ihpw A\u]-Nm-cn-Ihp-amb hnZym-`ymkw t\Sp-hm\pw At±-lØn\p Ign-™p. “ZpIvdm\”, “{InkvXy≥ Hmdn-b‚ v” F∂o {]kn-≤o-I-c-W-ß-fpsS ÿm]I]{Xm[n-]-k-an-Xn-bn¬ s{]m^. ta\m-t®cn AwK-am-bn-cp-∂p. AXp-t]mse “tP¿W¬ Hm^v sk‚ v tXmakv {InkvXy≥kv” ]{Xm-[n-]-k-an-Xn-bw-Kambpw At±lw {]h¿Øn--bv°p-∂p. tPm¨ t]mƒ c≠m-a≥ am¿∏m-∏bpsS tIcf kµ¿i-\-tØm-S-\p-_-‘n®v {]kn-≤-s∏-Sp-Ønb Hcp Ukt\mfw kvac-Wn-I-I-fpsS No^v FUn-‰-dmbpw kl]{Xm-[n-]-cmbpw At±lw {]h¿Øn-®p. sNdp-∏-Ønse hmb-\m-ioew s{]m^. ta\m-t®cn sNdp-∏w-ap-Xse hmb-\-bn¬ AXoh X¬]-c-\mbn-cp-∂p. AΩho´n¬ D≠m-bn-cp∂ Bbn-c-tØmfw ]pkvX-I-ß-f-S-ßnb sse{_-dnbpw At\Iw amkn-I-Ifpw At±lw {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øn. sNdp∏w apXep≈ At±-lØns‚ Cu hmb-\m-io-eamWv temI-{]-ikvXamb At\Iw {KŸ-߃ cNn-°m≥ At±-lsØ {]m]vX-\m-°n-b-Xv. “]mXn-cmbv°v Hcp Cdßn-t∏m-°v”, “]≈n-°-e-Ifpw a‰pw”, “sImSp-ß√q¿ kn‰n Hm^v sk‚ v tXma-kv”, “ssUhq¨≠¿_msd sPIkv sX sdU¿ \{km-Wokv sU¿ ae-_m¿ {InkvXy≥ th¨ slbven-K≥ tSmakv” (P¿Ω≥ `mj), “sImSp-ß-√q¿ ˛ t{IUn¬ Hm^v {InkvXym-\n‰n C≥ C¥y”, “•nwkkv Hm^v \{kmWn sldn-t‰-Pv”, “tXmΩm-]o-Unb” XpSßn-b-h-bmWv s{]m^. tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®-cn-bpsS CX-c-Ir-Xn-Iƒ. I®n-d-a-‰-Øns‚ km£yw {io tPm¨ I®n-d-a‰w cNn® “tIc-f-k`m {]Xn-`-Iƒ” (H∂mw `mKw) F∂ {]ikvX {KŸ-Øn¬ s{]m^. ta\m-t®-cn-sb-∏‰n Cßs\ Fgp-Xnbn-cn-°p-∂p: “s{]m^. tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®cn ssIh-bv-°m-Ø-Xmb imkv{X kmt¶Xn-I, kmwkv°m-cnI, kmlnXy cwK-߃ Gsd-bn-s√∂p ]d-bmw. ssI h-®n-SsØ√mw Xs‚ ]mfin-Xyw-sIm≠pw efn-Xhpw hn\o-Xhp-amb s]cpam‰coXn-sIm≠pw ta[m-i-‡n-sIm≠pw At±lw hy‡n-ap{Z ]Xn-∏n-®n-´p94 ≠v. At±-l-Øns‚ _rl-Ømb tkh-\-߃ IW-°n-se-SpØv \nc-h[n Ahm¿Up-Iƒ \¬In At±-lsØ s]mXp-P\ßfpw ÿm]-\ßfpw BZ- cn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn.” 2008 G{]n¬ 2\v k]vXXn BtLm-jn-°p∂ BZ-c-Wo-b-\mb s{]m^k¿ tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®-cn°v Fs‚ hn\o-X-amb Biw-k-Iƒ! A`n\-µ-\߃! Xriq¿ Su¨ lmƒ & ]ªnIv sse{_dn i‡≥ Xºpcm≥ ]mekv ]pcmhkvXp ayqknbw tÉv ayqknbw, Xriq¿ 95 tSmw tPmkv A¶-amen s{]m^. tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®cn: kpK‘hy‡n-Xz-Øns‚ DSa hy‡n-I-sfbpw kw`-h-ß-sfbpw IrXn-I-sfbpw {]ÿm-\-ß-sfbpw kwL-S-\-I-sfbpw sNdp-Xm-°m\pw hep-Xm-°m\pw Xa-kv°-cn-°m\pw Ncn{Xkmln-Xy-Im-c∑m¿°v Ign-bpw. C°m-cy-sØ-°p-dn®v \√ Ah-t_m[-ap≈ Ncn{Xkmln-Xy-Im-c-\mWv s{]m^. tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®-cn. F¥ns\bpw Bhp-∂{X hkvXp-\n-jvTambn hne-bn-cpØn hnth-I]q¿∆w kz¥w kmwkv°m-cnI kwkvIr-Xn°v angnhv \¬Ip∂ hn[-Ønte s{]m^. tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®-cn-bnse Ncn-{X-Im-c≥ C∂phscbpw {]Xn-I-cn-®n-´p-≈p. Ncn-{X-bm-Ym¿∞y-ßtfmSv ]£w ImWn-°pI F∂-X√msX, H∂n-t\mSpw hnti-jm¬ Xmev]cyw ImWn-°p∂ kz`mhw Cu k¿§[\n-I\mb kmlnXy-Im-c≥ ImWn-®n-´n√. AXp-sIm≠v, kpK-‘-ap≈ hy‡n-Xz-Øns‚ DS-a-bmbn s{]m^. tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®cn F∂ Ncn{Xkmln-Xy-Im-c≥ aebm-fn-I-fpsS a\- n¬ F∂pw \nd™p \n¬°pw. kw`-h-߃, Xob-Xn-Iƒ, hnh-c-W-߃, hkvXp-X-Iƒ tiJ-cn®v kmwio-I-cn®v Z¿i\ Zo]vXn-bn¬ Nmen®v kz¥w IΩ-´-Øn¬ ASn®v ]pdØm-°nb s{]m^. tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®-cn-sb∂ Ncn-{X-Im-c≥ \ΩpsS Ncn{XkmlnXyhoYn-bnse GIm¥]Yn-I-\m-Wv. Hcp hnZ-Kv[-kwLw Gsd-°mew A≤zm-\n-®m¬ IS-s™-Sp-°m-hp∂ {]uV-amb IrXn-I-sf°mƒ KpW-ta-∑-bp≈ Ncn-{X-IrXnIƒ s{]m^. tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®-cn°v kz¥-ambn \n¿Ωn-°m≥ Ign-™p. Fgp-Øp-Im-c≥ Z¥-tKm-]p-c-ß-fn¬ hkn-°Wsa∂ Ip´n-Ir-jvWam-cm-cpsS XXz-a\p-kcn®v, kmln-Xy-cN\sb - - X]-ky-bm°n am‰nb s{]m^. tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®-cn°v tZiob A¥¿t±iob thZn-I-fn¬ `mcX ss{IkvXh kaq-l-Øns‚ ss]XrIw tcJ-s∏SpØn hbv°m≥ Ign-™p. temI-Øns‚ F√m `mKß-fnepw bm{X-sN-øm\pw Ncn-{X-K-th-j-Icp-ambn kwhmZw \S-Øm\pw Ah-kcw e`n® s{]m^. ta\m-t®cn Hcp hniz-]u-cs‚ ImgvN-∏m-tSm-sS-bmWv F√m-‰n-s\bpw t\m°n°≠-Xv. 96 A¥¿tZ-in-bambn Nn¥n-°pI, {]mtZ-in-Iambn {]Xn-Icn-°pI F∂ XXzw a\- n¬ h®p-sIm≠v kz¥w \m´nse Ncn-{X-h-kvXp-X-Iƒ°v IqSpX¬ angnhv \¬Ip-hm≥ At±lw {ian-®n-´p-≠v. Ncn-{X-]-fin-X≥am-cpambn N¿®-Iƒ \S-Øp-tºmƒ A`n-{]mb`n∂-X-bp≈ Imcy-߃ kuayambn {]Im-in-∏n-°pI F∂Xv tPm¿÷v amjpsS Hcp ioe-am-Wpv. Ncn-{X-Øn¬ Xmev]cy-ap-≈h¿°pw Ncn-{X-Im-c≥am¿°pw- th≠n Ncn{X-]-cn-j-Øp-°ƒ kwL-Sn-∏n®v Ah¿°v AXn-eqsS hf-cm≥ s{]m^. tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®cn hgn-sbm-cp-°n-bn-´p-≠v. Fhn-sS-sb√mw Ncn{Xkvamc-I-߃ Dt≠m, AhSw kµ¿in-°p∂ Ah- k - c - Ø n¬ AXp- a mbn _‘- s ∏´p Ncn- { X- I m- c ≥am- s cbpw Ncn{XhnZym¿∞n-I-sfbpw I≠v kwkm-cn-°m≥ Cu GIm-¥-]-Yn-I≥ t_m[-]q¿∆w kabw Is≠-Øn-bn-cp-∂p. Ncn-{X-]-c-amb hnj-b-ß-sf°p-dn®v N¿® \S-°p∂ GXv thZn-bnepw {]`m-jWØn-\mbn £Wn-®m¬, - {]kw-Kn-°m-\p≈ Ncn-{X-°p-dn-∏p-Iƒ Xøm-dm-°n-s°m-≠p-Xs∂bmWv {]^. ta\m-t®cn ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ°p t]mbn-cp-∂Xpv. sNdnb Fgp-Øp-Im¿ Isø-gpØp IrXn-I-fp-ambn tPm¿÷v amsj kao-]n-®m¬, `mjm-≤ym-]I≥ IYm-Ir-ØpIfmb injy≥am-tcmSv ImWn-°p∂ k¿§m-flIkao-]\w Xs∂ At±lw ImWn®pt]m∂p. AXp-sIm≠v sIm®p-sIm®p Ncn-{XIm-c≥am-cpsS lrZ-bØn¬ {]Imi tKm]p-cambn At±lw \n¬°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. C¥y-bn¬, {]tXy-In®v tIc-f-Øn¬, Ncn{XkmlnXyafi-eØn¬ Cf°n {]XnjvT \S-Ønb s{]m^. tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®-cn-sb∂ Ncn-{X-Imc≥ Hcp hninjvT hy‡n-Xz-Øns‚ DS-a-bmbn P\-lr-Z-b-ß-fn¬ Hfn-aßmsX F°m-eØpw {]tim-`n°pw. 97 tPmkv Nn‰n-e-∏n≈n Hcp kplr-Zv_-‘-Øns‚ IY s{]m^. tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®-cnsb Rm≥ BZy-ambn ImWp-∂Xv 1968 ˛em-Wv. A°m-eØv At±lw Xriq¿ sk‚ v tXmakv tImsf-Pn-\-SpØv ‘Cu^¬ _pIvkv’ F∂ t]cn¬ Hcp _p°v Ãmƒ \S-Øn-bn-cp-∂p. 27-˛mw hb- n¬ Rm≥ {]kn-≤o-I-cn® ‘A`n-em-j-߃’ F∂ Fs‚ BZyIYmkam-lm-cØns‚ ]Øp tIm∏n _p°v Ãmfn¬ hnev]\bv°p \¬Iphm≥ sN∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p Rm≥. ‘tacn-hn-Pbw’ amkn-I-bn¬ ]e-t∏m-gmbn {]kn-≤o-Icn®v {_Z¿ fqbnkv a™-fn-bpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ acn-bm-]p-cØp \S-°p∂ bqWn-b≥ {] n¬ A®-Sn® ]Øp IY-I-fpsS 102 t]Pp≈ B IYm kam-lm-c-Øns‚ hne 1.25 cq]-bm-bn-cp-∂p. ]pkvXIw hn‰pIgn™-Xn-\p-tijw IΩo-j≥ Ign-®p≈ XpI \¬In-bm¬ aXn-sb-∂m-bn-cp∂p Fs‚ \n_-‘-\. ta\m-t®cn amjv ]pkvXIw hmßn adn-®p-t\m-°n. F∂n´v ]pkvX-I-Øns‚ apgp-h≥ hnebpw At∏mƒ Xs∂ X∂-Xn-\ptijw Fs‚ tXmfn¬ ]nSn-®p-sIm≠v amjv ]d-™p: “C\nbpw Fgp-Xnt°mtfm ˛ t´m.” ]n∂oSv Xriq-cn¬ ]e kmln-Xy-˛-kmw-kv°m-cnI kZ- p-I-fnepw R߃ XΩn¬ I≠p-ap-´p-Ibpw ]cn-Nbw ]pXp-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Fs‚ kmlnXyPohn-X-Øn¬ ‘A£-c-s؉p-Iƒ’ F∂ t]cn¬ c≠m-a-sXmcp IYm-k-am-lm-chpw ‘amfw’ Fs∂mcp t\mhepw Rm≥ FgpXn {]kn-≤oI-cn-®p-sh-¶nepw Fs‚ cN-\m-Xm-ev]cyw Ncn-{X-Øn-tebv°v Xncn-™Xns‚ ]n∂n¬ ta\m- t ®cn amjns‚ ]tcm- £ - a mb kzm[o- \ - a p- ≠ v. ss{Ikv X htaJ- e - b n- e p≈ At±- l - Ø ns‚ Ncn- { X- ] - T - \ hpw ]pcmhkvXpKth-j-Whpw `mc-X-ss{I-kvXhk`-bpsS apgp-h≥ {i≤bpw BZchpw t\Sn-bn-´p-≈-Xm-Wv. `mcX ss{IkvXhk`-bpsS Cu‰n-√-amb ]mebq¿ ]≈n-sb-∏‰n Kth-j-W-_p≤ym ]Tn-°m\pw Ncn-{X-{K-Ÿhpw Ncn-{Xte-J-\-ßfpw Fgp-Xp-hm\pw F\n°v {]tNm-Z\w \¬In-bXv ta\m-t®cn amjp-am-bp≈ kº¿°hpw kl-hm-k-hp-am-Wv. 98 2000-˛¬ Xriq¿ B¿®v_n-j∏v am¿ tP°_v Xq¶pgn ]nXmhv ]mebq¿ ]≈nsb AXn-cq-]Xm Xo¿∞-tI-{µ-ambn {]Jym-]n-°p-Ibpw AXncq-]-Xm-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ Xo¿∞-tI-{µ-IΩn‰n cq]o-I-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Cu I-Ωn-‰n-bpsS XpS-°w-ap-X¬ ta\m-t®cn amjv AwKhpw Rm≥ AXns‚ sk{I-´-dn-bp-am-Wv. Cu IΩn-‰n-bn¬ {]h¿Øn-®p-Xp-S-ßn-b-tXm-sS-bmWv amjpw Rm\pw XΩn-ep≈ kplr-Zv_‘w ZrV-am-b-Xv. Xo¿∞-tI{µ IΩn‰n cq]o-I-c-W-Øn-\p- ap-ºp≈ Xo¿∞-tI{µ IΩo-j-\nepw amjpw Rm\pw AwK-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p. 2001-˛¬ Im°-\m´v sk‚ v tXmakv au≠n¬ aq∂p Znh-ksØ Ncn{X-˛-]p-cm-hkvXp skan-\m¿ \S-°p-I-bp-≠mbn. tIc-f-Ønse F√m cq]X-I-fn¬\n-∂p-ap≈ sa{Xm-∑mcpw sshZn-Icpw I\ym-kv{Xn-Ifpw Aevambcpw AXn¬ {]Xn-\n-[n-Ifmbn ]s¶-Sp-Øn-cp-∂p. Xriq-cn¬\n∂v AXn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°m≥ \ntbm-Kn-°-s∏´ c≠p Aevamb {]Xn-\n-[n-Iƒ ta\m-t®cn amjpw Rm\p-am-bn-cp-∂p. aq∂p Znhkw R߃ AhnsS H∂n®p Ign™p-Iq-Sn-bXv ad-°m-\m-hmØ Hcp A\p-`-h-a-m-Wv. amjpw Rm\pw skan\m-dn¬ {]_-‘-߃ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. ]me-bq¿ Xo¿∞tI{µ-Øns‚ hnI-k-\-Øn¬ ta\m-t®cn amjns‚ ]¶v Gsd hep- X m- W v . 2004˛¬ ]me- b q- c n¬ ÿm]n- X - a mb `mcX ss{IkvXNcn{X ayqkn-b-Øns‚ apJykq{X-[m-c≥ ta\m-t®cn amjm-Wv. amjns‚ “Glimpses of Nazarani Herritage” F∂ Cw•ojv {KŸ-Øn¬ Hcp A≤ymbw ]me-bq¿ ]≈n-sb-∏-‰n-bm-Wv. “]meq-b¿ ]≈n” F∂ Fs‚ ]pkvX-Ihpw Fs‚ t]cpw AXn¬ ]e-X-hW ]cm-a¿in-°-s∏-´n´p-≈Xv Fs‚ Ffnb Ncn-{X-]-T-\-߃°p≈ Hcp AwKo-I-cm-am-bn-´mWv Rm≥ IW-°m-°p-∂Xv. ]me-bq-cns\ Xs‚ c≠m-asØ C-ShI F∂mWv amjv hnti-jn-∏n-°p-I. A{X-am{Xw Bfl-_-‘-ap≈ ]me-bq-cn¬sh-®pXs∂ 2008 am¿®v 9 \v alm Xo¿∞m-S-\-\m-fn¬ sjh-en-b¿ ]Z-hn-bpsS ÿm\-Nn”w Xriq¿ B¿®v_n-j∏v am¿ B≥{Uqkv XmgØv ]nXmhn¬\n∂v kzoI-cn-°p-hm≥ amjn\p `mKy-ap-≠m-bXv ssZh-\n-tbm-Kam-Imw. k]vXXn kvamc-I-ambn amjns‚ injy-∑m¿ ]me-bq¿ ]≈n-bn¬ ÿm]n®n-´p≈ ‘]me-bq¿ ]Sn-∏pc’bpsS Bio¿∆m-Z-I¿Ωw am¿ tP°_v Xq¶pgn ]nXmhv 2008 am¿®v 16 \v \n¿∆-ln-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. k]vXXn BtLm-jn-°p∂ s{]m^. tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®-cn°v Fs‚ {]m¿∞-\-Ifpw Biw-k-Ifpw t\cp-∂p. 99 tPm¿÷v CΩ´n H√q-cnse A¤p-X-{]-Xn` k]vX-Xn-bn-se-Øn-bn´pw hn{i-a-sa-s¥-∂-dn-bmsX H√q¿ {Kma-Øn¬ Pohn-®p-sIm≠v Cu \mSn\pw C¥ybv°pw temI-Øn\pXs∂bpw kam-\X-I-fn-√mØ kmwkv°m-cnI kw`m-h-\-Iƒ ka¿∏n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ A¤p-X-{]-Xn-`-bmWv s{]m^-k¿ tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®-cn. Aº-tXmfw sIm√w- apºv Xriq¿ sk‚ v tXmakv tImsfPv tdmUnse “Cu^¬ _p°vkv” F∂ ]pkvX-I-°-S-bn¬ sN∂v Ib-dn-b-t∏m-gmWv ta\m-t®cn amsj Rm≥ BZy-ambn ImWp-∂-Xv. A∂v B ]pkvXI {]kn-≤o-IcWime \S-Øn-h∂ At±lw {]K-¤\pw k¿∆-kΩX\p-amb - - - - Cw•ojv s{]m^-k-dm-bn-cp-∂p, sk‚ v tXmakv tImsf-Pn¬. ]n∂oSv ta\m-t®cn amjv ]finX{]ap-Jsc ]s¶-Sp-∏n-®p-sIm≠v \SØn-h∂ ‘se eoU¿jn∏v s{Sbn-\nMv’ F∂ ]cn-]m-Sn-bn-tebv°v Fs∂ £Wn-®p. B ]cn-io-e\ tImgvkv Fs‚ hy‡nXzhnI-k-\-Øn\v Gsd D]-Icn-®p. ]n∂oSv Xriq-cnse ]e {]apJ hnZym-ebßfnepw Ip´n-Iƒ°v - - ¢msk-Sp-°m\pw At±lw F\n°v Ah-k-c-ap-≠m-°n-Ø-cn-I-bp-≠m-bn. {]ikvX Nn{X-Im-c-\mb {^m≥kokv tImS-¶-≠-Øns‚ ]nXmhv s{]m^. sI. ]n. B‚Wn apX-emb almhy‡n-I-fp-ambn kulrZw ÿm]n-°m≥ ta\m-t®cn amjv A∂v Ah-k-c-ap-≠m-°n-Ø-∂p. Ncn-{X-˛]p-cm-hkvXp-˛Kth-jW hnj-bßfn¬ hnZ-Kv[\mb ta\m-t®cn - - amjv ]n∂oSv tIcf lntÃm-dn-°¬ dnk¿®v skmssk‰n Fs∂mcp kwLS\ ÿm]n®v Gsd-°mew {]ap-Jsc sIm≠p-h∂v skan-\m-dp-Ifpw N¿®Ifpw kwL-Sn-∏n®v Ncn-{X-hn-j-b-ß-fn¬ Gsd-t∏sc {]_p-≤-cm-°n. ]s£, a‰p≈-hsc AXns‚ kmcYyw Gev]n®v ta\m-t®cn amjv amdn-\n∂-tXmsS AXn-s\-∏‰n Hc-dn-hp-w C-√m-Xm-bn. 1996 ¬ tacn-hn-Pbw Ahm¿Uv F\n°v e`n-®-t∏mƒ Biw-km-{]-kw-KI-\mbn ta\m-t®cn amjv FØn-t®¿∂p. ]n∂oSv 2003 ¬ “tIc-f-N-cn{Xw 100 Ip´n-Iƒ°v” F∂ Fs‚ ]pkvX-I-Øn\v \s√mcp Ah-Xm-cnI Fgp-XnØ-cm≥ s{]m^. ta\m-t®cn, Xnc-°n´ hntZ-i-bm-{X-bv°n-S-bn¬, ka-b-ap≠m°n F∂Xpw Rm≥ \µn-tbmsS F∂pw Hm¿°p-∂p. cm{Xn-I-fn¬ Dd°w \jvS-s∏-Sm-\n-S-bm-bm¬ Rm≥ Hm¿°p∂ hy‡nI-fn-¬ H-cm-fmWv ta\m-t®cn amjv. Dd°w In´p-∂n-√t√m F∂v Zp:Jn®pIn-S°p∂ A≤zm-\io-e\mb ta\m-t®cn amjv ]d-™tXm¿Øßv Rm\pw Fgp-t∂-‰n-cp∂v Fs¥-¶nepw Fgp-Xpw. amjv ]I¿∂p-X∂ B ioew FgpØp-Im-c-s\∂ \ne-bn¬ F\n-°p-≠mb hf¿®-bpsS Hcp Imc-W-am-Wv. C‚¿s\-‰n¬ KqKn-fn¬ ]c-Xn-bm¬ H√q¿ tUm´v tImw F∂ Hcp sh_v t]Pv ImWpw. AXn¬ Cwt]m¿´‚ v t]gvk-\m-en-‰okv F∂ Xe-s°´n\p Xmsg Ccp-]-sØm-ºXp t]cp-Iƒ Is≠-Ømw. Ah-cn¬ Ggp -t]¿ C∂pw Pohn-®n-cn-∏p-≠v. Ah-e-cn-sem-cm-fmWv s{]m^. tPm¿÷v ta\mt®-cn. Cu k]vXXn thf-bn¬ At±-l-Øn-\pv ssZhw Zo¿Lm-bpkpw Btcm-Kyhpw \¬I-s´-sb∂v {]m¿∞n-°p-∂p. ]gb B¿°ntbmfPn ayqknbw sk‚ v tXmakv tImtfPv Sh¿ tIcf kmlnXy A°mZan 101 I¿Ωm-\p-jvTm\w t__n aq°≥ Pohn-X-N-cy-bm-°nb kmwkv°m-cnI\mb-I≥ k`m-kw-_‘amb cwKØp Rm≥ {]h¿Ø-\߃ Bcw-`n® ImeØv - AXn-\v Hcp ASn-Ødbp-≠m-bXv Xriq¿ cq]-Xbnse Aflmbt\XrXz]cn- io-e\ tI{µ-Øns‚ HcmgvN \o≠p-\n∂ -]-cn-io-e\Iymºm-Wv. 1969˛70 ImeØv \S-Ød atUm-W-bn¬ \S∂ Iymºn\p t\XrXzw \¬In-bXv s{]m^. tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®-cn, s{]m^. ]n.-]n. ]o‰¿, s{]m^. tPmk^v tImsf- ß m- S ≥, sjh. F≥. F. Hutk^v XpS- ß n- b - h - c m- b n- c p- ∂ p. Iymºn¬sh®v s{]m^. ta\m-t®cn {InkvXy≥ F≥ssk-t¢m-]o-Un-b-sb∏‰n ]d-™Xns‚ ASn-ÿm-\Øn-epw, \m´p-Im-cs\∂ \ne-bn-epw, Rm\pw Hcp kplr-Øpw-IqSn acn-bm-]p-cØp≈ At±-lØns‚ hk-Xn-bn¬ t]mbncp-∂p. Ahn-SsØ sse{_-dnbpw F≥ssk-t¢m-]o-Unb {]h¿Ø\]ptcmK-Xnbpw F√mw R߃°v t\cn´v ImWm≥ Ign-™p. At±-l-Øns‚ ktlm-Z-c∑mcmb dh. tUm. C. sP. tXmakv, tUm. C. sP. sPbnwkv F∂n-hcpw {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ kl-I-cn-®n-cp-∂p. A∂p- ap-X¬ ap∏Xntesd h¿j-°mew hnhn[ Imcy-ß-fn¬ s{]m^. ta\m-t®-cn-bp-ambn _‘-s∏´v ASp-Øp- \n∂p {]h¿Øn-°m≥ F\n°v Ah-k-c-ap-≠m-bn. Xriq-cn¬ hnhn[ hoSp-Iƒ amdn amdn At±lw Xmakn-®-t∏m-sg√mw Ahn-sS-sbms° A\p-Zn-\-sa-s∂mWw Rm≥ _‘-s∏´n-cp-∂p. Xriq¿ cq]-X-bn¬ \S∂ \ho-I-c-W-h¿jw (1978), hnip≤ h’cw (1983), am¿]m∏ kµ¿i\w (1986), Iem-k-Z≥ {]kn-U≠v (1982 ˛ 90), am[ya IΩo-j≥ sNb¿am≥ (1990˛98), H√q¿ sk‚ v B‚-Wokv N¿®v tkmh-\o-b-dns‚ No^v FUn-‰¿ (1998), H√q¿ ]©m-bØv hnI-k-\-tcJ FUn-‰¿ (1998) cq]X am[ya IΩo-j≥ Iƒ®-d¬ FIvkn-_n-j≥ I¨ho\¿, ]qcw FIvkn-_n-j≥ (2000), kn. _n. kn. sF. ktΩ-f\w (2004) XpS-ßnb {]h¿Ø-\ßfnepw Xriq¿ klr-ZbthZn IΩn-‰n, tIcf lnÃdn - - - 102 tIm¨{K- v, tacn-hn-Pbw kmln-Xy-kanXn (1980 apX¬) XpS-ßnb kwLS-\Ifn-ep-ambn \nc-h[n cwK-ßfn¬ At±-ltØmSv hfsc ASp-Øp- \n∂p - {]h¿Øn-°m≥ F\n°p Ign-™n-´p-≠v. Xriq-cn¬ hnip≤ h’-ctØm-S\p-_‘n®v ap∏-tXmfw Ncn{X SmtªmI-fpw B\-Ifpw a‰pw AWn-\n-c∂ kmwkv°m-cnI tLmj-bm-{Xbpw dmenbpw ta\m-t®cn kmdns‚ apJy-t\-Xr-Xz-Øn-em-bn-cp-∂p. tPm¨ t]mƒ c≠m-a≥ am¿]m∏bpsS kµ¿i-\tØm-S\p-_‘n®v, At±-lØns‚ t\XrXz-Øn¬ {]kn-≤o-Icn® tkmh-\o¿ AJn-te-¥ym-XeØn¬ anI-hp‰ {KŸ- am-bn-cp-∂p. Iem-k-Z≥ {]kn-U-s≠∂ \ne-bn¬ At±lw kwL-Sn-∏n® Nn{X-˛-inev] ]cn-io-e-\-I-f-cn-Ifpw {]Z¿i-\-ßfpw a‰p {]h¿Ø-\-ßfpw AXoh{it≤-b-am-bn-cp-∂p. am[y-a -I-Ωo-j≥ sNb¿am-s\∂ \ne-bn¬ Xriq¿ cp]-X-bnse F´p- h¿jsØ {]h¿Ø-\-߃hgn B cwKØv At±lw sNbvX Imcy-߃ \nc-h-[n-bm-Wv. Xriq¿ klr-ZbthZn, tIcf lnÃdn tIm¨{K- v, tacn-hn-Pbw kmln- Xy-k-anXn XpS-ßnb {]ÿm-\-ß-fn¬ IΩn-‰n-bw-K-sa∂ \ne-bn¬ At±l-Øns‚ {]h¿Ø-\߃ B {]ÿm-\ßfpsS hf¿®bv°v Gsd klm- bn-®n-´p-≠pv. “\nc-¥-c-amb I¿Ωm-\p-jvTm\w ˛ AXm-bn-cn-°Ww Pohn-Xw” F∂ ap{Zm-hmIyw apdpsI ]nSn-®p-sIm≠v A©p ]Xn-‰m-≠n-e-[n-I-ambn Ncn-{X˛-kmw-kv°m-cnI cwKØv \nc-¥-c-amb {]h¿Ø\w ImgvN-sh-®p-sIm-≠ncn-°p∂ sjh. s{]m^. tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®-cn-bpsS, C\nbpw t\Sn-sb-Sp°m-\p≈, e£y-߃ Xma-kn-bmsX \nd-th-d-s´-sb∂v Cu k]vX-Xn-thf-bn¬ Bflm¿∞-ambn Biw-kn-°p-∂p. 103 G.-hn. sUman-\n-Iv. ta\m-t®-cn : H√q-cns‚ A`n-am\w ta\m-t®-cnsb∂ Xd-hm-´pt]cpw Fcn-t™-cn-sb∂ hnfn-t∏-cp-ap≈ IpSpw-_-߃ tN¿∏v, Xriq¿, H√q¿, Nnøm-cw, Im´q¿ F∂n-hn-S-ß-fn¬ D≠v. ]q¿∆n-I¿ Im´q-cn¬\n∂v H√q¿ h∂p hnI-kn®v, Rmd-bv°-entebv°pw ]dq¿ apX-emb tIc-f-Ønse F√m tI{µß-fn-te°pw, C¥ysbm-´p-°pw, temI-sam-´p°pw ta\m-t®cn IpSpw-_-߃ hnI-kn-®n-´p-≠v. tPm¿÷v amjpsS Hcp kplrØpw Hcp \m´p-Im-c\pw _‘p-hp-amWv Cu teJ-I≥. Fs‚ aZ¿ sXsc-k-sb-∂ ]pkvX-I-Øn\v At±lw Hcmkzm-Z\w Fgp-Xn-Ø-∂n-cp-∂p. AXv Fgp-Xnb Ime-L-´-Øn¬Øs∂ ]pdØn-d-°m≥ Ign-™n-cp-s∂-¶n¬ aZ-dn-s\-Ip-dn®pw aZ-dns‚ hntbm-KsØ Ipdn®pw BZysØ ]pkvXIw CXm-Ip-am-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v tPm¿÷v ta\mt®cn {]ÿm-hn-®n-´p-≠v. tPm¿÷v amjpsS hnZym-`ymkw Im´q-cnse AΩho´n-em-bn-cp-∂p. XpS¿∂v Xr»n-\m-∏n-≈n-bn-em-bn-cp∂p \mep- sIm-√sØ ]T-\w. ]ns∂ Xncp-h\¥]pcw bqWn-th-gvkn‰n tImsf-Pn¬\n∂v amtÃgvkv _ncpZw t\Sn - - 1960 ˛ ¬ sk‚ v tXma-kn¬ tPmen°v tN¿∂p. sk‚ v tXmakv {InkvXy≥ F≥ssk-t¢m-]o-Unb F∂ {KŸØns‚ cN-bn-Xmhv ta\m-t®cnbmbn-cp∂p. \mep thmfn-b-amWv Dt±-in-®n-cp-∂-Xv. ]n∂oSv AXv c≠v thmfn-b-ambn´v {]uV-am-bn-Øs∂ {]kn-≤o-I-cn-®p. hnhn[ cmPy-ß-fn-sebpw doØp-I-fn-sebpw ]pcm-X-\hpw \ho-\-hpamb inev]imkv{Xw \ΩpsS ]e skan-\m-cn-Ifn¬ At\-Ih¿j-ßfmbn ]Tn-∏n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. AXn¬ H∂mw-InS ssZhm-ebinev]imkv{X⁄-\mWv ta\m-t®cn amjv. IqSp-X¬ Imºpw I\-hp-ap-≈ {KŸ-߃ Fgp-Xp-∂-Xn¬ apgp-In-bn-cn-°p∂ Hcm-fmWv s{]m^. tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®cn. c≠p thmfn-bw-IqSn Cd-°p-hm≥ sk‚ v tXmakv {InkvXy≥ F≥sskt¢m-]o-Unb°v `mKyw D≠m-I-s´-sb∂v Biw-kn-°p-∂p. 104 H√q¿ ]≈n-bnse Iem-h-kvXp-°ƒ P\-{i-≤-bn-tebv°v sIm≠p-h-cp∂-Xn¬ s{]m^. tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®cn AXp-ey-amb ]¶p hln-®n-´p-≠v. tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®-cnbpsS CS-hIbmb H√q¿ ]≈n-bn¬ \qdn-tesd h¿j- ߃°v apºv 125 ASn Db-c-Øn¬ \n¿Ωn® Ggp- \ne aWn-am-fn-I-bpsS apI-fn¬\n∂pw t\m°n-bm¬ 10 Intem-ao-‰¿ Zqc-Øn-\-I-Øp≈ Xriq¿ eq¿±v ]≈n, ]pØ≥ ]-≈n, If-IvStd-‰v, Aø≥Ip-∂v, Xtem¿, ac-Øm-°c, IWn-aw-K-ew apX-emb {]tZ-i-߃ ImWmw. 1884 ¬ {^m≥knse am¿ssk¬ F∂ ÿeØv \n¿Ωn® aq∂v Iq‰≥ Hm´p-a-Wn-Iƒ BWv Cu aWn-am-fn-I-bn¬ ÿm]n-®n-´p-≈-Xv. Cu Hm´p-aWn-I-fn¬ hn. At¥m-Wo-kns‚bpw, hn. dmt^-ens‚bpw, hn. tXm_n-bmkn-s‚-bpw, Pok- v, tacn, tPmk^v F∂n-h-cp-sSbpw Nn{X-߃ BteJ\wsNbvXn-´p-≠v. H√q¿ ]≈n hI F∂v ae-bm-f-Ønepw kpdn-bm-\nbnepw Cu Hm´p-a-Wn-Ifn¬ Fgp-Xn-bn-´p-≠v. kz¿Æw, sh≈n, HmSv, sNºv Ch-bn-ep≈ Iem-h-kvXp-°ƒ ]gb ]≈n-Ifn¬ kpe-`am-Wv. Np¶w ]≈n-bnse kz¿Æ-sa-gp-Ip-Xncn°mep-Iƒ Xriq¿ ayqkn-b-Ønse kz¿Æ Ipcn-ipw, ame-bpw, \ncWw ]≈n-bnse sh≈n-cq-]-°q-Sv, B¿Øm‰v ˛ AI-∏-dºv ]≈n-bnse HmSv Zo]hr£-߃, NmØ-∂q¿, cma-]p-cw, sNß-∂q¿, Im™q¿, sImt´-°mSv F∂nhn-S-ßfnse hnhn-[Xcw Hm´p-hn-f°p-Iƒ Ch {]tXyIw {i≤-b¿ln-°p-∂p. Ahtbm-sSms° InS]n-Sn-°p∂ A¤p-X-I-c-ß-fmb teml-kr-jvSn-Iƒ H√qcnse X´m-∑mcpw aqim-cn-Ifpw ]≈n-bn¬ ImgvN-sh-®n-´p-≠v. hnim-e-amb ]≈n-bnse Hmtcm- C©p ÿehpw Iem-h-kvXp-°fm¬ kºp-jvS-am-°n-bn-´p-≠v. ]gb \nb-a-Ønse BZy-]m-]hpw, _en-I-fpw, Zmho-Zpw, tKmen-bm-Øpw, kmwk-\pw XqWpw, t\mlbpw tamibpw ]pXnb \nb-a-Ønse tbip-hns‚ Pohn-X-Ønse ]Xn-\©p cl-ky-߃ XpS-ßnb cwK-ßfpw, kz¿§-hpw, \c-Ihpw Ah-km\ \ymb-hn-[nbpw F√mwXs∂ t]∏m-Sv, ]nd-hw, ]g-™n, AI-∏-d-ºv, NmØ-∂q¿, A¶-am-en, ]mtey-°-c, ae-bm-‰q¿, Im™p¿ F∂o {]tZ-i-ß-fnse bmt°m-_m-b, Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv, ItØm-en°m tZhm-ebßfn¬ Ccp-∂qdp apX¬ FÆqdp h¿jsØ - - ]g-°-ap≈ Npa¿Nn{X-ßfpw hncNn-X-am-bn´p≠v. Ch-sb√mw H√q¿ ]≈nbnepw It∏-f-bnepw ImWmw. {]kw-K-a-fi-]-ß-fmWv ]pjv]-߃. knwlw, B\ ˛ Ch-bpsS hmbn¬\n∂v ]pd-s∏-Sp∂ coXn-bn-emWv ]e-t∏mgpw ]pjv]-߃ \n¿Ωn®n-´p-≈-Xv. Hgp-°¬ coXn-bnepw Nne ]gb ]≈n-I-fn¬ {]kwK]oT-߃ D≠v. hnhn-[-Xcw ]pjv]-߃°v H√q¿, Im™q¿, Xriq¿, Np¶w-]me ˛ Chn-S-ß-fn¬ DZm-l-c-W-ß-fp-≠v. H√q¿ ]≈n-bnse Iem-k-º-Øns\°pdn®v kzbw a\- n-em-°p-Ibpw 105 a‰p-≈-h¿°v B kºØv ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-Sp-°p-Ibpw sNøm-\p≈ `mcn® Npa-Xe CS-h-I-°m-cmb bphm-°-fp-sSbpw hnZym¿∞n-I-fp-sSbpw Npa-en-em-sW∂v \mw Ft∏mgpw Hm¿t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. C°m-cy-ß-fnse√mw s{]m^. ta\m-t®-cn-bpsS amXrI Ah¿°p hgn-Im-´n-bm-bn-cn-bv°pw. ]gb B¿°ntbmfPn ayqknbw t_mUnenb≥ sse{_dn, HmIvkvt^m¿Uv I¬°´ \mjW¬ sse{_dn {_n´ojv ayqknbw sse{_dn Nn°mtKm bqWnthgvkn‰n sse{_dnbn¬ \n∂v Ft‹m¿ \mjvW¬ sse{_dn 106 sk‚ v tXmakv ss{IkvX-hcpw ktµ-l-hm-Zn-Ifpw ˛ Hcp hni-I-e\w ^m. ap≠-t»cn tIcf ss{IkvX-h-cpsS A∏-kvtXm-enI ]mc-º-cy-sØ, ]m›mXyk`bnse Nne t\Xm-°-fn¬ \n∂p ]pd-Øp-h-cp∂ {]kvXm-h-\-I-fn¬ \n∂p AXp- th-≠-hn[w Is≠-ØmØ Hcp {]tl-fn-I-bm-bn, F∂m¬ Ime-L´-Øns‚ Bh-iy-ambn Gs‰-Sp-t°≠nhcp∂ Xe-®p-a-Sm-bn, Icp-X-s∏-Sp∂pt≠m F∂p kwi-bn-°p-∂p. ]m›mXyNcn-{X-Im-c-∑m¿°v Xpd-°msX InS-°p∂ Ihm-S-ßfpw IÆn¬ s]SmsX t]mIp∂ \nc-h[n AS-bm-fßfpw Z£n-tW-¥y-bpsS aÆnepw aSn-bnepw aqSn-°n-S-∏p-s≠∂ hkvXpX C\nbpw Xpd∂p ImWn-t°-≠-Xpt≠m? Hcp ]t£ tIcf k`mkaq-lØns‚ CS-ap-dn-bmØ hnizmk]mc-º-cy-Øns‚ Ie-hd Xpd∂p ImWn®mepw AsXms° Ncn-{X-Øns‚ Xnf-°-ap≈ IÆn-I-fmbn ImWmsX, Ahsb shdpw Akw-kvIrXhn`-h-ß-fmbn am{Xw IW-°p-Iq-´p∂ GXm\pw hnI-S-hm-Zn-I-Ifpw D≠m-Imw. Ah¿s°mcp adp-]-Sn-bm-Wv, Imºp≈ adp-]-Sn-bmWv s{]m^. ta\m-t®-cn-bpsS IrXn-Iƒ. F∂mepw tIc-f-°-c-bn¬ sk‚ v tXmakv A∏-kvtXm-es‚ {]b-Xv\^-e-ambn Ct∂mfw \ne-\n∂p t]m∂n-´p≈ hnizm-k-°-cp-Øns‚ AhnX¿°-amb XpS-ep-Isf XI¿°m≥ Hcp ktµ-l-hm-Zn°pw Icp-Øp- t]mcm. temUv sa°msf Hcn-°¬ ]d-bp-I-bp-≠m-bn. Ncn{Xw Fs∂m-∂n√ ˛ Poh-N-cn-{X-ß-tf-bp≈p F∂v (There is no history as such, only life histories). a\p-jy≥ cq]-s∏-Spw-apºv `qanbpw kqcy-N-{µm-Zn-Ifpw D≠mbn-cp-∂p. ]t£ a\p-jy≥ Nn¥n-°m\pw ]d-bm\pw XpSp-ßn-b-tijw am{Xta ‘Ncn{Xw’ D≠m-bp-≈p. kqcy-N{µm-Zn-Isf kw_-‘n®p a\p-jy≥ Adn-™p, ]d-™p, Nn¥n-®p, AXn-s\- ]‰n GXm\pw t]¿ Fgp-Xn. FgpXn-bn-√m-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬ Nne-cpsS ZrjvSn-bn¬ Ncn-{Xta D≠m-Ip-am-bn-cp-∂n√. AXp icn-b-√. IpØ_vssa\dpw sNt¶m-´bpw SmPv a-lepw I≠-tijw AhbpsS 107 \n¿Ωm-W-Øn-\v Imc-W-°m-cmbhsc-∏‰n tI´-dn-™mepw Ncn-{X-am-Ipw. AXn-\¿∞w Ncn{Xw Fgp-Xp-∂Xn-\∏pdw a\p-jy≥ cNn-°p-∂Xm-Wv. PohnXm-\p-km-cn-bmb kw`-h-ßsf tIm¿Øn-W-°p-∂Xp Ncn-{X-Øns‚ LS\bv°p Bh-iy-am-bn-cn-°mw. F∂p-sh®v IpØ_v ssa\-dn-s\bpw a‰pw ]‰n Bcpw {]Xn-]mZn-®n-s√∂p Icp-Xp-I. Ah Ncn-{X-Øns‚ `mK-as√∂p hcptam? Ah-bpsS \n¿Ωm-W-Øn\v Imc-W-am-b-h-cpsS Ime-L-´hpw hwim-h-enbpw a‰pw {]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂Xv Ncn-{X-Øns‚ ]q¿Æ-Xbv°v D]I-cn-°pw, At{X-bp-≈p. hy‡-am-bn-∏-d-™m¬, Ncn-{X-]p-cp-j-∑m-cpsS \mƒhgn Ncn-{X-K-th-j-I¿ At\z-jn-t°-≠Xv ]nd-tIm-´m-Wv, apt∂m-´-√. Ah-cpsS Pohn-X-kv]¿in-bmb kw`-h-ßfpw hkvXp-°fpw Na-b-ßfpw BZyw Is≠-Ø-Ww. \q‰m-≠p-Iƒ°p-apºv a¨a-d™pt]mb hoc-]p-cpj-∑m-cpsS HmSn-Øo¿Ø ]mZ-ap-{Z-Iƒ ˛ Xmfn-tbm-e-Iƒ, ]g-s©m-√p-Iƒ, inem- ^ - e - I - ß ƒ, \mW- b - ß ƒ, Icn- ¶ ¬XqWp- I ƒ, Be- b - ß ƒ, {KŸ˛]{X˛amkn-I-Iƒ, ]m´p-Iƒ F√mw \nco-£n-°p-Ibpw IYm-h-tij-am-b-hsb Iq´n-t®¿°p-Ibpw sNtø-≠n-h-cpw, F∂mte AXv Ncn-{Xam-Ip. DZm: {InkvXp Ncn-X-Øn\v apºv {InkvXp-kw-`hw \S-∂n-cn-°-Ww. Hgn™ I√-dbpw a¨a-d™ Ipcnipw {InkvXp-\m-Ys\{]Xn tNmc- Nn¥nb c‡-km-£n-Ifpw ˛ Aßs\ XpSßn ]nd-tIm´p t]mI-Ww. AXpt]mse, tXmam-«o-lm-bpsS Ncn{Xw ssaem-∏q-cnse I√d apX¬ tIc-fØnse Ggc ]≈n-I-fn¬IqSn FtZk hsc IS∂p sN√-Ww. C¥ym-N-cn{Xw ]Tn-®-h¿°p Adn-bmw, Ab¬cm-Py-ß-fn¬ \n∂p IS∂p-h∂ cmPm-°-∑mcpw hnZq-c-tZ-i-Øp-\n-∂p- h-∂p-I-b-dnb hym]m-cn-Ifpw hwi-ßfpw Ah-tcmSp sNdp-Øp\n∂ \m´p-Imcpw XΩn-ep-≠mb kwL¿jßfpw bp≤-ßfpw ˛ AsXms°bmWv C¥y-bpsS Ncn-{X-sa-∂v. Pbn-®h¿ \mSp- hm-Wn-cp-∂p. \mSp- hm-W-h¿ sNbvX ]cm-{I-a-ßsf kvXpXns®-gp-Xnb IY-bmWv \ΩpsS ‘Ncn-{Xw.’ Ah¿°v ]eXpw IÆn¬ s]-´n√. Aßs\ ‘Man makes History’ F∂ sNm√v A\z¿∞-am-Ip-∂p. {InkvXpinjy- \ mb tXmam- « olmbpsS tIc- f - Ø nse t{]jnX{]h¿Ø-\sØ kw_-‘n-®p≈ hkvXp-\n-jvT-amb ]T-\-Øns‚ A`m-h-amWv BtKmfk`-bn¬ Nne¿°p ktµ-l-Øn\p Imc-W-sa∂v tXm∂p-∂n-√. A`n⁄tIc-fØns‚ A\p-hm-NIcn¬ A{X-sbm∂pw Bg- Øn¬ At\z-jn-®-dn-bm≥ Cd-ßn-∏p-d-s∏-Sm-Ø-h¿°v, Nn∂n-®n-X-dn-°n-S°p∂ hkvXp-X-Isf kam-l-cn-®p-Zv{K-Yn-°m≥ ˛ Ah {Kln-°m≥ _p≤nap-´p-≠v. hkvXp-X-Isf kao-]n-°p-∂-Xnepw hnth-Nn-°p-∂-Xnepw th¿Xncn-hp-≠m-Imw. CjvSs∏-Sp-∂hsb Db¿Øn-°m-´m\pw CjvSs∏-Sm-Øhsb XmgvØn-s°-´m-\p-ap≈ {]h-WX Ncn-{X-Im-c-∑m¿°n-S-bn¬ ImWmw. Cu kml-N-cy-Øn-emWv s{]m^. tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®-cn-bpsS {]h¿Ø-\߃°pw IrXn-Iƒ°pw {]k-‡n-tb-dp-∂-Xv. 108 Nne¿ s]m°n-∏n-Sn-°p∂ kwi-b-߃ 1. tIcf ss{IkvXhk`m-ss]-XrIw ˛ ]me-bq¿ {]mcw`w Ipdn-°p∂-Xv, tXmam-«ol GXm\pw {_m“WIpSpw-_-ßsf ss{IkvXhaXØn¬ tN¿Øp-sIm-≠mWv F∂ ]c-º-cm-K-X-amb hnizm-ksØ Nne¿ kwi- b n- ° p- ∂ p. ImcWw ]d- b m≥ Ah¿°p≈ \ymbw ˛ Nne hntZik©m-cn-IfpsS H‰-s∏´ hnh-cWamWv (hneyw temK≥). F∂m¬ - Bcy-∑m-cpsS tIc-f-{]-th-i\Ncn{Xw _lp-`q-cn-]£w Ncn-{X-Im-c-∑mcpw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≈-Xv, Bcy-∑m¿ IS-∂p-h-∂n-´p-≈Xv Hcp KW-am-bn-´√, ˛ sNdp-K-W-ß-fm-bn, ]e-t∏m-gm-bn-´m-bn-cp-∂p. {InkvXp-h¿jm-cw-`-Øn\v c≠p \q‰m-≠p-Iƒ°p -apºv Bcy-∑m¿ tIcf-Øn¬ IpSn-tb-dn-∏m¿Øp h∂n-cp-∂Xmbn ]fl-\m-`ta-t\m≥, {io[-cta-t\m≥, Un.-Fkv. i¿Ω F∂o Xt±-iob Ncn-{X-Im-c-∑m¿ GI IWvT-ambn tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. ]cip-cm-as‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn-em-bn-cp∂p BZy-k-aqlw IS-∂p-h-∂-Xv. 2. G .- Un. H∂mw \q‰m-≠n¬ tXmam-«olmbpsS tIcf{]th-i-\Øn\p km≤yX ImWmØ as‰mcp Iq´¿°p ]d-bm-\p-≈-Xv, Pdp-k-sew apX¬ tIc-fw-hsc k©-cn-°m≥ A`ykvXhnZy-\-√mØ tXmam-«olmbv°v B Ime-L-´-Øn¬ Fßs\ Ign™p F∂m-Wv. _n . -kn. aq∂mw \q‰m≠p XpSßn bh\ ({Ko-°v) cpw t]¿jy-°mcpw tdma-°mcpw tIc-f-Øn¬\n∂v Ipcp-ap-fIpw C©nbpw Idp-hm-]-´bpw tX°pw Nµ-\hpw a™fpw abn-ep-Ifpw B\-s°mºpw hmßn-s°m≠p t]mbn-cp-∂-Xmb Ncn-{X-ap-≠v. F.-Un. H∂mw \q‰m-≠n¬ Cdm\pw CuPn]vXpw tdma-°m-cpsS A[o-\-X-bn-em-bn. A°m-eØv \nc-h[n I∏ep-Iƒ Ae-Ivkm≥{Sn-b-bn¬\n∂v ap o-cnkv (sIm-Sp-ß-√q¿) Xpd-ap-JØp-h-∂n-cp-∂-Xmbn s]cn-π-kv, πo\n F∂o Ncn-{X-Im-c-∑m¿ tcJ-s∏-SpØn-bn-´p-≠v. tXma-«ol a‰p ]e-bn-S-ß-fnepw kphn-tijw Adn-bn-®-Xn-\v km≤yX-Ifpw A`n-{]m-b-ß-fp-ap-s≠-¶nepw temI-Øn¬ as‰m-cn-SØpw tIc-fØn-e-√msX ˛ tXmam-{In-kvXym\nIfmbn Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-htcm tXmam-«olmsb Xß-fpsS A∏-kvtXm-e-\m-bn, ]nXm-hmbn G‰p ]d-bp-∂-htcm D≈-Xmbn B¿°pw Adn-hn-√. hnZqc ]q¿∆-tZ-iØv H∂mw \q‰m-≠n¬, X߃ hnizm-k-am¿§w G‰phm-ßpw-ap-ºv, ss{IkvXh k` ]S¿∂p ]¥-en-°m≥ XpSßn F∂ hkvXpX ]›m-Xy-tem-I-Øn\v Dƒs°m-≈m≥ hnΩnjvSw ImWpw. NnXe-cn-°mØ tcJm Ncn-{X-ß-fn-eq-sSbpw CS-ap-dn-bmØ ss]XrI ]mc-ºcy-ß-fn-eq-sSbpw F{X ka¿∞n-®mepw Ah-cn¬\n∂v ]nt∂bpw XnI-´nh-cp∂ ktµl i_vZ-߃ C\nbpw CS-bv°nsS D≠m-sb-∂p-h-cmw. Nnc-∏p-X-\-X-ambn ImW-s∏-Sp∂ tZhm-eb Ah-in-jvS-ßfpw Ah109 bpsS ÿm\Øv ]pXn°n {]Xn-jvTn® ]≈n-Ifpw cmP Xo´q-c-ßfpw a‰p tcJ-Ifpw BZy ss{IkvX-h¿ kh¿Æ-cm-bn-cp∂p F∂-Xn\v Ah¿°p A\p-h-Zn®p In´n-bn-cp∂ Ah-Im-im-[n-Im-c-ßfpw \q‰m-≠p-I-fn-eqsS ]mSnØ-g-ºn® hmsam-gn-io-ep-Ifpw F√mw ]pcm-X\ tIcf ss{IkvX-h-cpsS C∂pw XpS¿∂p t]mcp∂ ssIh-i-k-º-Øm-Wv. amey-¶-cbpw sImSp-ß-√qcpw ]me-bqcpw tXmam-N-cn-X-Øns‚ t\¿hgn-bn¬ aqSn-t∏m-ImØ \mgn-I-°-√p-I-fm-Wv. kh¿Æ sslµh IpSpw-_°m¿ hns´m-gn™p t]mIp-tºmƒ BZn ss{IkvX-h¿ t£{Xm-h-in-jvSßfpw Ipfhpw ]n∂oSp AhnsS ]Wn-Xp-b¿Ønb ]≈nbpw AXn-s\ms° km£yw hln-°m≥ i‡-amb sXfnhp \¬Ip∂ shtΩ-\mSpw im]°mSpw bqZ-°p∂pw a‰p tcJ-Ifpw am®mepw ambmØ inem enJn-Xßfpw Fs¥m-s°-thWw C\n Ncn-{X-Øn\v? ]me-bq-cp-\n∂v Xoc-tZ-ißfn-eqsS - IS∂v Xriq-cn\v Ing°pw ]Sn-™mdpw sX°pw hS°pw ÿnc-Xm-a-k-am°nb Gsd henb Hcp P\m-hen ˛ Ah-cpsS Xe-ap-d-I-fn-eqsS ssIam-dnt∏m∂ ]mc-º-cy-߃°p t\sc ‘sImWn®w’ ]d-™m¬ C∂sØ Xeapd i_vZn-°m-Xn-cn-°n-√. ]g-a-°m¿ s\©n-te-‰n, a\-∏m-T-am°n sIm≠p-\-S∂ am¿§w Ifn-∏m´p, dºm≥ ]m´p (tXm-am-]¿∆w) tI´p ioen-°m-Ø-h¿ D≠m-IpI {]bmk-am-bn-cn-°pw. ]mW≥ ]m´pw hoc-Sn-bm≥ ]m´pw tI´p Xmfw ]nSn-°m≥, ]gb \mep-sI-´n\p ]pdØp NS-™n-cp∂v apdp-°m≥ apdp-°p∂ ]gb Xe-ap-d-bnse Imc-W-h-∑m¿ th≠n-h-cpw. D]-kw-lmcw s{]m. tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®cn tIcf k`-bn¬ C∂v Pohn-®n-cn-°p∂ Ncn{X Kth-j-I-cn¬ A{K-K-Wy\pw \nc-h[n {KŸ-ß-fpsS I¿Øm-hp-amWv. At±-l-Øns‚ Ncn-{X-K-Ÿ-ß-fpsS ]nXrXzw kz¥-am-°nb Nn¥mk-¥m-\-߃ Xmsg t]cp-sNm√n hnfn-°mw. 1. 2. 3. 4. sk‚ v tXmakv {InkvXy≥ F≥ssk-t¢m-]o-Unb Hm^v C¥y C¥y≥ N¿®v lnÃdn ¢mknIvkv Zn \{km-Wokv tXmam]oUnb Cu Nn¥m k¥m-\-߃ F√mw Xs∂ At±-l-Øns‚ hn⁄m-\Øns‚ hnZyp-Ø-cw-K-߃ {]k-cn-∏n-°p-∂-h-bp-am-Wv. C\nbpw At±-l-Øns‚ kmln-Xy-]-cn-{i-a-߃°pw [oj-W-˛-K-thj-W-]m-S-h-Øn\pw hn{iaw A\p-h-Zn-®n-´n-√. tIcf ss{IkvX-hcpw BtKmf k`bpw Htc {InkvXp-hns‚ hnizmk 110 Pem-i-b-Øn¬ H∂n®v hnip-≤o-I-cWw tXSp∂ H‰ kaq-l-am-sW∂pw AhnsS apºn-\mse ‘Ipfn®p Ib-dp-∂hsc’ Ah-aXn-°p∂ A]-kz-c߃ C√m-Xm-°m≥, BZna k`m-a-°sf hnip-≤n-bpsS ip{`-hkv{Xw AWn-bn°m≥, taep-≈-hsc {]m]vX-cm-°p-∂-Xn\v s{]m^. ta\m-t®-cn°v ]Iz-Xbm¿∂ At±-l-Øns‚ ]ucpj hy‡nXzw {]tbmP-\-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ k¿∆i-‡≥ A\p-h-Zn-°s´ F∂p {]m¿∞n-°p-∂p. F‹q¿ ayqknbw t^m¿Uw bqWn. sse{_dn cmPIob sse{_dn, Z tlKv Xriq¿ skt¥makv tImtfPv tlKv sse{_dn A‰vekv sse{_dn Hm^v tIm¨{K v t\∏nb¿ ayqknbw \yqtbm¿°v ]ªn°v sse{_dn 111 Dr. Paul Pulikkan The Mission of Church Historian Church history is often regarded as an unrewarding and tiresome subject, studied because of the academic compulsions and by certain experts. For the real scholars in theology and other allied subjects, the learning of church history or better church in history is of paramount importance. It is in this respect the contribution of Prof. George Menachery assumes great importance in the historicization of Indian and Kerala Church. Historical method As popularly understood, History is not a blind memorizing of some facts and figures that happened in the past. What interests us is not so much “the accumulated past of the church”. We try to focus on the mutual interaction of both history upon the church and the church upon the history. In theological sense, history is the arena of God’s providential intervention in this world. It is not a haphazard, artificial, mechanistic working that God has in history. Church history deals with the presence and working of divine grace in the world. We study here the direction and destiny of the world towards the kingdom of God. We analyze the role of the church in proclaiming, celebrating, re-presenting the reality of God’s grace and of the Kingdom. In this proclamation, the Christ event has a central role. In the history of church and theology, the centrality of the role of Jesus Christ is clearly affirmed. Therefore our study of the church in history is intrinsically related to the contemporary situation of the world. The historical method is very important in today’s theologization. 20th century has amply used the historical method, which is an up-to-date rereading of the biblical message with a deep search into the meaning of parituclar events in history. Gaudium et Spes, the Pastoral Constitution of the Second Vatican II states in n. 40: “That the earthly and the heavenly city penetrate one another is a fact open only to the eyes of faith; moreover, it will remain the mystery of human history, which will be harassed by sin until the perfect revelation of the splendour of the sons of God”. 112 “Catholic” History Up until now, only the north Atlantic history and culture (Europe and America) were the prevalent ones that shaped the history of the church. According to Karl Rahner, the renowned theologian of 20th century, the church has had two major historical moments and is now moving into a third. The first was the Jewish moment. The Christ event was preached in the beginning to Israel. This is the period of Jewish Christianity, with its centre in Jerusalem. The second moment, which is also very much culturally determined, is the moment of Hellenistic church, the church of Europe and Americas. The transition (or the break) from the first to the second took place, with the decision (or the many decisions) to carry the Gospel to the gentiles without imposing circumcision or other Jewish practices and customs to the new Christians. The third moment was inaugurated by the Second Vatican council (1962-1965), the Council of reform and renewal in the Catholic Church. It is where the church became truly catholic. There is a forward movement from a church that had previously given importance to the cultural heritage of Europe and North America to one that embraced all the cultures of the world. This transition from a north Atlantic church to a world church started in the council and that process is not yet complete. The role of church historian Today the historian, without prejudices and presuppositions, has to collect the data and interpret it, offering a balanced and impartial judgment of the event that took place. Likewise, church historian also takes into account the events in the life of the people of God, the community of believers and interpret those events in the great plan of God for humanity. The church is the body of Christ and thus it must be incarnate in history of the ordinary people, their life experiences, their struggles and successes. One can view church as a static reality with a focus on structure and organization. One can also look at the church as a dynamic and vibrant reality, ever open to the varied promptings of the Holy Spirit in different ways and sensitive to dialogue with the different cultures and religions of the world. This latter view is to be highlighted today in Church history. And this was the one supported and promoted by the Second Vatican Council. Thus church historian is an optimistic researcher in theology and the allied subjects. In this he can be compared to a journalist, who makes a story out of facts and figures – a story that needs to be unbiased. Church historian objectively and cautiously evaluates the forward march of events in the wider panorama of the Kingdom of God. God calls human person and the community made of human persons for a right response in individual and social lives. It is the duty of the church historian to point out, without fear or favour, the riches 113 of church’s tradition as well as the failures in the response of the members of the church. Chevalier George Menachery, by his yeomen service in church history, has contributed greatly to the existing fund of knowledge on the Indian and Kerala church, especially the Syro-Malabar church. He is a great model for persistent research, often in archives and rooms where things are ‘dumped’ – this is the work of historian, which is often not much trumpeted before the people. Unfortunately the species of those scholars doing fundamental research in church history and theology is diminishing. Hopefully the example of this lay church historian would prompt those in the academic world to deepen themselves in church history. Henry H.C.Q. Brownrigg from London Very many congratulations on attaining the age of three score years and ten. Please accept my advice and avoid growing old gracefully. Growing old disgracefully is much more fun, and keeps your children on their toes. Alas, I do not think that I can leap in a plane and come to Ollur, but I will be there in spirit. I am sure that it will be a very memorable occasion. I was in Tamil Nadu in February, organizing projects on behalf of the British Association for Cemeteries in South Asia (BACSA), an organization with 2,000 members. We are restoring a superb but semi-ruinous C 17th Dutch Mausoleum, the size of a small house, in Nagapattinam. Also cemeteries in Chennai, Salem, Sankari Drug and Madurai. In Britain an excitement has been the election of a friend of mine. Fra’Matthew Festing, as Grand Master of the Sovereign and Military Order of Malta. As you may know, the Order issues its own passports and stamps and recognized as a state by forty Catholic Countries. The Grand Master, though a layman, ranks as a cardinal and has the style His Most Eminent Highness. Matthew is only the second British Grand Master in the Order’s 900-year history. I am organizing a dinner at which he will be guest of honour. Anyhow, all the best, and I look forward to seeing you again when I am back in Kerala. 114 Ncn-{Xmh-t_m-[-ap≈ ta\m-t®cn kmdv dh. tUm. tPmk^v sXm≠n-∏-d-ºn¬ s{]m^. tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®-cnsb∏‰n Hm¿°p-tºmƒ Fs‚ a\- n-tebv°v IS-∂p-h-cp∂ Hcp kw`hw ]d-bmw. h¿j-ß-fmbn awK-e-∏pg skan-\m-cnbn¬ sshZnI hnZym¿∞n-Isf “{InkvXo-b-Ie” (Christian art) F∂ hnjbw ]Tn-∏n-°p∂ hy‡n-bmWv s{]m^-k¿ ta\m-t®-cn. Hcp s{IUn-‰ns‚ hnj-b-am-W-Xv. Rm≥ Xntbm-fPn Un∏m¿´p-sa‚ns‚ Uo≥ Bbn-cn-°p-tºmƒ sshZnIhnZym¿∞n-Iƒ ]Xn-hmbn ]d-bp∂ Hcp ]cmXnbp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. “Nne A≤ym-]-I¿ X߃ ]Tn-∏n-°p∂ hnj-b-amWv G‰w {][m-\-s∏-´-sX-∂pw, AXp-sIm≠v IW-°n¬°-hn™ tPmen-`mcw (work load) Xß-fpsS ta¬ ASn-t®¬∏n-°p∂p” Fs∂m-s°. ta\mt®cn kmdn-s\-∏‰nbpw GXm≠v Cß-s\-sbms° sshZn-Ihn-Zym¿∞n-Iƒ ]d-™n-cp-∂p. Xs∂-bp-a-√, Cßs\ Hcp hnjbw ]Tn--t°-≠-Xns‚ Bhiy-I-X-sb-∏-‰nbpw ]e¿°pw t_m[y-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. {io ta\m-t®cn km¿ ]Tn-∏n® BZy-_m-®nse Hcp sshZn-Is\ GXm\pw h¿j-߃°p-tijw Rm≥ I≠p-ap-´p-I-bp-≠m-bn. hnIm-cn-b®-\mbn \nb-a\w In´nb At±lw Xs‚ ]pXnb {]h¿Ø-\-cw-KØv Hcp ]≈n]Wn-bn¬ G¿s∏-´n-cn-°p-Ibm-bn-cp-∂p. At±lw Ft∂mSp ]d™p: “A®m, Hcp ]pXnb ]≈n ]Wn-bn-t°-≠n-h-∂-t∏m-gmWv ta\m-t®cn kmdns‚ ¢mkp-I-fpsS ta∑ icn°pw a\- n-em-b-Xv. ]≈n-bpsS \n¿ΩmW-ssi-en, hnhn[ `mK-ß-fpsS {Iao-I-c-Ww, AXn-\p- ]p-d-In-ep≈ ssZhim-kv{X-]-c-amb Dƒ°m-gvN-Iƒ CsXms° Ct∏m-gmWv IqSp-X¬ a\- nem-Ip-∂-Xv. A®≥ C°mcyw sshZnI hnZym¿∞n-I-tfmSp ]d-b-Ww.” Rm≥ Cu kw`hw hnh-cn®Xv, F{X henb A¿∏-W-t_m-[-tØmSpw Bflm¿∞-XtbmSpw IqSn-bmWv {io ta\m-t®-cn- km¿, Xs‚ Pohn-XØns‚ D]m-k\bmbn Gs‰-Sp-Øn-cn-°p∂ “ss{IkvXh-Iesb” ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂Xpw - AXns\ hf¿Øm≥ {ian-°p-∂Xpw F∂p kqNn-∏n-°m≥ th≠n-bm-Wv. tcJ-Iƒ ImØp-kq-£n-°p∂ Imcy-Ønepw ]pcm-X\ Iem-cq-]ßfpw 115 inev]ßfpw th≠-hn[w ]cn-c£n-°p-∂Xnepw s]mXpsh ]nt∂m-°amWv tIcf ss{IkvX-h¿ F∂v ]d-bp-∂-Xn¬ sX‰n-√. s{]m^-k¿ ta\m-t®cn CXn\v Hcp A]h-mZ-am-Wv. tIcf ss{IkvX-h-cpsS X\na a‰p-≈-h¿°pa\- n-em-°n-s°m-Sp-°m\pw ]n≥X-e-ap-d-Iƒ°mbn ImØp-kq-£n-°m\pw At±lw sNbvXp-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ tkh\w hfsc hep-Xm-Wv. A¿lamb AwKo-Imcw At±-l-Øn\p e`n-®n-´pt≠m F∂v F\n°v kwi-b-ap≠v. {io ta\m-t®cn kmdv k]vXXn BtLm-jn-°p∂ Cu Ah-k-c-Øn¬ At±- l - Ø ns‚ hne- t b- d nb tkh- \ - ß ƒ C\nbpw tIcf ss{IkvXhk`bv°pw Cu \mSn\pw [mcm-f-ambn e`n-°-Ø-°-hn-[-Øn¬ ssZhw At±-l-Øn\p Btcm-Kyhpw Zo¿Lm-bp pw \¬Is´ F∂m-Wv Fs‚ {]m¿∞-\. Beph skan\mcn tKmYnIv Nm∏¬ bqWn. tImtfPv Xncph\¥]pcw tÉv sse{_dn, Xncph\¥]pcw sk‚ v. tPmk^vkv tImtfPv tZhKncn hØn°m≥ ayqknbw tKmhWn _mwKvfq¿ bp.Svn.kn KÃv lukv 116 Ncn-{X-Øns‚ Imh-emƒ πmtØm´w amXyp. “ss__nƒ hmbn-°p-hm-\p-≈X√, ]Tn-°p-hm-\pw [ym\n-°p-hm-\p-ap-≈- Xm-Wv.” am¿tØmΩm k`m Xe-h-\m-bn-cp∂ am¿ {IntkmkvXw sa{Xmt∏m-eo-Ø-bpsS A`n-{]m-b-am-Wn-Xv. Ncn-{X-{K-Ÿ-ßfpw CXmWv e£y-amt°- ≠ Xv F∂v shfn- s ∏- S p- Ø p∂ ]T- \ hpw Kth- j - W ßfpw, `mcXss{IkvXhNcn-{X-Øn¬ \S-Øn-b-Xv s{]m^. tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®-cnbm-bn-cp-∂p. `mc-X-ss{IkvXhNcn-{Xhpw ]mc-º-cyhpw {InkvXp-hns‚ PohnXIme-L-´-tØmfw \o≠-Xm-Wv. `mjbpw kwkv°m-chpw Ncn-{Xhpw Dƒt®¿∂ Ign-™-Im-esØ kq£vaambn ]T-\hn-t[-bam-°n, `mhnXe-ap-dbv°mbn tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn, Ncn{X-Øns‚ Imh-em-fmbn amdp-Ibm-bn-cp∂p s{]m^. ta\m-t®-cn. B e£ykm-£m-XvIm-c-Øn-\mbn At±lw PohnXw ]p\-c¿∏WwsNøp-I-bm-bn-cp∂p. hy‡nk`-I-fpsS Iq´m-bva-bn¬ \£-{X-tim-`-bp≈ `mc-X-k-`-bpsS Ncn-{X-{]-[m\kw`-h-ß-sf, sXfn-hp-I-fpsS km£y-tØm-sS, temI-Øn-\pap-ºn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°m≥ At±-l-Øns‚ ]cn-{i-a-߃°p Ign-™p. Ncn-{X-]-fin-X≥, Kth-j-I≥, A≤ym-]-I≥, hnZym¿∞n F∂n-ß-s\bp≈ _lp-apJ {]Xn-`-Isf ka-\z-bn-∏n®v a‰m¿°pw Ign-bmØ kw`mh\ \¬Im≥ s{]m^. ta\m-t®-cn°v Ign-™p. \nc-h[n h¿j-ß-fn-eqsS `mcXw apgp-h≥ k-©-cn-®v, ss{IkvXh ssZhm-e-b-߃, ]pcm-h-kvXp-tI-{µ-߃, ]pcm-X\ {InkvXy≥ IpSpw-_߃ XpSßn At\-I-bn-S-ß-fn¬\n-∂mbn kam-l-cn® ss{IkvX-h-N-cn-{Xtc-JIƒ, Bbn-c°W°n\v t^mt´m-Iƒ, Nm¿´p-Iƒ, Adp-\q-dn¬∏cw Ncn- - {X-k-`m-]-fin-X-∑m-cpsS ]T-\-te-J-\-߃ F∂n-h-sb√mw Dƒs∏-Sp-Ønb-XmWv sk‚ v tXmakv {InkvXy≥ F≥ssk-t¢m-]o-Unb F∂ al-Xv{KŸw. CXp Xøm-dm-°p-∂-Xn-eqsS s{]m^. ta\m-t®cn k`m-ip-{iq-j-bn¬ AXp-ey-kw-`m-h-\-bmWv \¬In-b-Xv. ssZhw {]tXyIw Xnc-s™-Sp-Øv 117 \ntbm-Kn® Npa-X-em-\n¿∆-l-W-Øn¬ ka¿∏n-X-a-\p-jy-\m-bn-cp∂p At±lw. {]Xn_‘-ß-tfm-tcm∂pw adn-I-S-°m≥ ssZhw IqsS \S-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p. ssZh-P-\sØ C{km-tb-en-tebv°v \bn® tami-tbm-sSm∏w ssZhw F∂-Xp-t]m-se-bm-bn-cp-∂n-Xv. ssZh-I-ev]-\-Iƒ \S-∏n-em-°p∂ D]-I-cW-sa∂ Xncn-®-dn-hn¬ Hmtcm {]hr-Ønbpw ]q¿Æ-X-bn¬ \S-∏m-°m≥ At±lw {]tXyI {i≤-bn-em-bn-cp-∂p. `mc-X-k-`-bpsS ]ucm-Wn-I-]m-cºcyw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xn-eqsS k`-bvs°-Xn-cmb {]N-cWßsf {]Xn-tcm- [n-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p At±-lw. “ssZh- I - e v ] \ \nd- t h- ‰ m- \ p≈ D]- I - c - W - a mbn kzbw ]cnh¿Ø\wsNø-s∏-Sp-hm≥ Rm≥ Xocp-am-\n-®p. Hcp i‡n°pw, B¿°pw B e£y-Øn\v XS- am-Ip-hm≥ Ign-bn-s√∂ ]q¿Æ-t_m-[y-tØmsS cmhpIƒ ]I-ep-I-fm-°n {]h¿Øn-®-t∏mƒ, Ign-hp-Iƒ \¬In ssZhw hgn- \-SØp-Ibm-bn-cp-∂p.” s{]m^. ta\m-t®-cn-bpsS Hmtcm {]hr-Øn-bnepw ssZhoI-kv]¿iw hy‡-am-bn-cp-∂p. `mc-X-ss{I-kvX-N-cn-{X-Øns‚ ]n∂m-ºp-d-߃ tX-Sn, Hfn-™p-In-S∂ cl-ky-߃ Is≠-Øm-\p≈ s{]m^. ta\m-t®-cn-bpsS bm{X-Xs∂ CXpsIm≠v Ncn-{X-am-Wv. ]e Ncn{Xkvamc-I-ß-fp-sSbpw hkvXp-X-I-fp-sSbpw {]m[m-\yhpw Kuc-hhpw hnebpw Adn-bm-sX, Ah-KWn-°s∏-´n-cp-∂hbpw Dt]-£n-°s∏-´n-cp-∂hbpw At±lw Is≠-Øn-bXv ITn-\{i-aØn-eq-sS-bmWv. Ncn-{X-{]m-[m-\yhpw a‰pw {Ia-Øn¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw Ah-X-cn-∏n°p-I-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p At±lw. “\mYm, Acp-fn-s®-bvXm-epw, ASn-b≥ {ihn°p-∂p” F∂ kºq¿Æ-k-a¿∏Wat\m-`mhw ssZho-I-\n¿t±-i-߃°\p-k-cn®v {]h¿Øn-°p-hm≥ s{]m^. ta\m-t®cn°p {]m]vXn \¬In. hnZym¿∞n-Po-hn-X-Im-e-L-´-Øn¬Xs∂ Gs‰-Sp-°p∂ Npa-X-e-I-fn¬ ka¿∏n-X-a-\-kv°-\m-bn {]h¿Øn-°p-Ibpw ]q¿Æ-X-bn-se-Øn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂Xn¬ s{]m^. ta\m-t®cn {]tXyIw {i≤m-ep-hm-bn-cp-∂p. s{]m^. ta\m-t®cnbpsS kXo¿∞y-\m-bn-cp∂ I¿Æm-SI a{¥nbpw No^v sk{I´-dn-bp-am-bn-cp∂ tUm. sP. Ae-Ivkm-≠¿ A`n-{]m-b-s∏-Sp-I-bp-≠m-bn. Zo¿L-\m-fp-Iƒ°p-tijw 2004 am¿®n¬ _mw•q-cn¬ Ccp-hcpw XΩn¬ I≠pap-´p-hm≥ \nan-Ø-am-Ip-hm≥ teJ-I\p Ign-™p. `mc-X-k-`-bpsS Ncn-{X-Øns‚ Bghpw ]c∏pw Xncn-®-dn™v AXv BtKm-fk`bpsS Ncn-{X-Øns‚ `mK-am-°m-\p≈ s{]m^. ta\m-t®cnbpsS - - ]cn-{i-a-ßsf BZ-c-thmsS AwKo-I-cn-°p-hm\pw A-`n-\-µn-°p-hm\pw kº¿°-am-[y-a-߃°m-bp≈ s]m¥n-^n-°¬ IΩo-j≥ ta[m-hn-bm-bn118 cp∂ B¿®v_n-j∏v t^mfnbpw a‰p k`m-ta-[m-hn-Ifpw Xøm-dm-bn-´p-≠v. ItØm-en°m Xncp ` ]c-tam-∂-X-_-lp-aXn \¬In At±-lsØ BZ-cn°p-Ibpw AwKo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-°p-I-bm-Wn-t∏mƒ. kvt\l {_Z¿ eqbokv a™-fn, _lp apJ {]Xn-`-bmb s{]m^. tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®-cn-bpsS k]vXXn BtLm-j-tØm-S-\p-_-‘n®v ]pd-Øn-d-°p-hm≥ Dt±-in-°p∂ kvac-Wn-Ibn-te°v Hcp teJ\w tNmZn®v Fgp-Xn-bn-cp∂ IØv e`n-®p, \µn. CØc-Øn-ep≈ kvac-WnI Cd-°p-hm≥ Dt±-in-°p∂psh-∂-dn-bp-∂-Xn¬ Gsd kt¥m-j-ap-≠v. AXn\v At±lw XnI®pw A¿l-\m-Wv. F\n°v Ct∏mƒ 77 hb- m-bn. IÆns‚ ImgvN A{X kpJ-a-√. c≠p IÆnepw cataract operation Ign-™p. ImgvN icn°pw Xncn®p In´n-bn-´n-√. hmbn-°p-hm\pw Fgp-Xp-hm\pw ]‰p-∂n-√. ]{Xw hmbn-°m≥ km[n-°m-Ø-Xn¬ {]bm-k-ap-≠v. IqSmsX Hm¿Ω i‡nbpw \jvS-s∏´p XpSp-ßn. ]e Imcy-ßfpw _‘-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ Ign-bp-∂n-√. Cu Ah-ÿbn¬ At±lw A¿ln-°p∂ hn[-Øn¬ Hcp teJ\w Fgp-Xm≥ Rm≥ Xo¿Øpw A{]m-]vX-bm-Wv. Xncp-°p-Spw_ k`-bp-ambn At±lw ]e-hn-[-Ønepw _‘-s∏-´n-´p-≈Xm-Wv. R߃°p≈ IS-∏mSpw hep-Xm-Wv. hy‡n-]-c-ambpw Rm≥ At±-l-hp-ambn _‘-s∏-´n-´p≈XmWv. Cßs\ Fgp-Xm≥ {]bm-k-ap≠v. F¶nepw Ct∏m-gsØ Fs‚ Ahÿ a\- n-em-°p-sa∂v {]Xo-£n°p-∂p. AXym-hiyw bm{X sNøp-∂p. Fs‚ hy‡n-]-c-amb Imcy-ßsf√mw sNbvXp t]mcp-∂p. A{X-am-{Xw. I am really sorry to write this way. Thanking you Yours sincerely Sr. Franco. 119 {_Z¿ fqbnkv a™fn Fw.-Fw.-_n. ta\m-t®cn IpSpw_kvac-W-Iƒ 1960IfpsS Bcw-`Øn-emWv ta\m-t®cn Xd-hm-´nse tPmk^v tPyjvT≥ acn-bm-]pcw B{i-aØn-\-SpØv hoSp ]WnXv Xma-k-am-°n-b-Xv. {Kma-oW¿ -kmº-ØnIhf¿® t\Sp-∂-Xn\pw IqSp-X¬ kpJ-ku-I-cy-߃°pambn \K-cßfn-tebv°v Xmakw am‰pI km[m-cWamWvv. F∂m¬, \Kckam- \-amb H√q-cn¬\n∂,v A°m-eØv ]cn-anXkuI-cy-߃ am{X-ap≈, acnbm-]pcw {Kma-Øn-tebv°v tPmk^v tPyjvT\pw IpSpw-_hpw Xma-k-°mcmbn FØn-bXv A∂m-´p-Im¿°v Hcp A¤pX-am-bn-cp-∂p. A∂v tdmUv ˛ sshZypXn ˛ sSe-t^m¨ kuI-cy-߃ hfsc hnc-fam-bn-cp∂p AhnsS. sa®-s∏´ kuI-cy-ßfn¬\n∂v t]mcm-bvaIfn-tebv°v IpSn-tbdn ]m¿°m≥ - FØnb tPmk^v tPyjvT≥, H√q¿Im¿°v ]e-hn-[-Øn¬ {]nb-¶-c\pw BZ-c-Wo-b\p-amb hy‡n-bm-Wv F∂-dn-™-t∏mƒ Ah¿°v Bflm-`nam\tlXp-hm-bn-Øo¿∂p. BbnsS Xriq¿ sk‚ v tXmakv tImsf-Pn¬ A≤ym-]ItPmen In´nb aI≥ tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®cn°v tImsf-Pn-tebv°p≈ bm{X Hcp {]iv\-ambn-cp-∂p. H√q¿ ]Sn-™msd Aßm-Sn-bn¬\n∂v sabn≥ tdmUvhsc \Ss∂Øn _kv Ibdn Xriq¿ _kv Ãm‚n-en-dßn tImsf-Pn-tebv°v \Ss∂Øp-hm≥ ap°m¬ aWn-°p-tdmfw A\p-Zn\w sNe-hm-t°-≠n-bncp-∂p. Cu kab\jvSw Hgn-hm-°m-\m-hpsa∂v At±-l-w I≠p. -- -acn-bm-]p-cØp\n∂p Xmc-Xtay\ Xnc°p Ipd™ tdmUm-bXn-\m¬ Aev]ka-bw-sIm≠v bm{X \S-Øm-\m-Ip-sa∂v At±lw IW-°p-Iq-´n. sNdp-∏-Øns‚ Npdp-Np-dp-°psIm≠v acn-bm-]p-cØp\n∂v an\n-ss_°n¬ sk‚ v tXma-kn-se-Øp-hm≥ tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®-cn°v A©p an\n‰v aXn-bm-Ip-am-bn-cp-∂p. Xs‚ `mh-\bn-ep≈ henb Imcy-߃ \n¿∆-ln-°m≥ {][m\ LS-I-amb kabw Fß-s\-sb-¶nepw Is≠-ØWw F∂ hy{K-Xbpw \n›bZm¿Vy-hp-amWv H√q-cn¬ \n∂v ta\mt®cnIpSpw_w amdn Xma-kn-°p-hm≥ Imc-Ww. IqSmsX, ae-_m¿ anj-\dn {_tZ-gvkns‚ amXr-`-h-\-amb anj≥ tlmapw 120 Ahn- S psØ Znhy- I m- c pWy \nXym- c m- [ \tI{µhpw BI¿j- I - a mbn Xo¿∂ncn-°mw. H´pw Ime-hn-fw-_-at\y, tPmk^v tPyjvT≥ \m´p-Im-cpsS {i≤m-hnj-bhpw t\Xm-hp-ambn Xo¿∂p. PmXn-a-X-hy-Xym-k-as\y, F√m IpSpw_-ß-fnepw s]mXp]cn-]m-Sn-I-fn¬ At±lw {]tXyI £Wn-Xm-hm-bn-cp∂p. Xs∂ £Wn-°p∂ F√m-bn-SØpw k∂n-ln-X-\mbn BXn-tYbsc At±lw Xr]vXn-s∏-Sp-Øp-am-bn-cp-∂p. \√ Db-chpw {]uV-amb apJ-`mhhpw kvt\l-k-º-∂hpw Ipeo-\-hp-amb s]cp-am‰hnti-j-ßfpw hgnbmbn GXp kZ- nepw tPmk^v tPyjvT\v {]apJÿm\w e`n-°p-am-bncp-∂p. \m´p-Im-cpsS GXp Bh-iy-Øn\pw ap≥]-¥n-bn¬ \n∂v {]h¿Øn°m-\p≈ Ignhpw k∂-≤-Xbpw HuZmcyhpw At±-lsØ Gh¿°pw th≠-s∏-´-h-\m-°n-Øo¿Øp. P\-t\-Xm-°-fpsS ]°epw k¿°m¿ Hm^nkp-I-fnepw sN∂v ho´p-Im-cp-tS-tbm, \m´p-Im-cp-tStbm, hy‡n-I-fp-sStbm Bh-iy-߃ Ah-k-tcm-Nn-X-ambpw bp‡n-bp-‡-ambpw ka¿∏n®v Imcy߃ t\Sns°mSp-°m-hm-\p≈ At±-l-Øns‚ Ignhv H∂v thsdXs∂bm-bn-cp-∂p. Cu teJ- I s\ kw_- ‘ n- ® n- S - t Ømfw, ta\m- t ®cn tPmk^v tPyjvT\pw s{]m^. tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®-cnbpambp≈ kplr-Zv_‘w A{]Xo-£n-X-ambn hoWp-In-´nb Hcp `mKyhpw ssZhm-\p-{K-l-hp-am-bn-cp-∂p. A°m-eØv acn-bm-]p-csØ bqWn-b≥ {] ns‚ amt\-P¿ F∂ \nebn¬ {]h¿Øn-®p-hcn-Ibm-bn-cp∂p Rm≥. Xma-kn-bmsX tPm¿÷v amÿ - sk‚ v tXma-kn-\-SpØv Bcw-`n® Cu^¬ _pIvkv F∂ ]pkvX tjm∏n\p-th≠n ]e ]pkvXIßfpw A®-Sn--°p-hm-\p≈ kµ¿`w F\n°p - e`n-®p. ]mco-knse {]kn-≤-amb Cu^¬ tKm]p-c-Øns‚ Nn{X-ap≈ _pIvÃm-fns‚ j´¿ C∂pw Fs‚ Hm¿Ω-bn-ep-≠v. Hcp _pIvÃm-fn\p Cu^¬ Sh-dns‚ \maw \¬Ip-∂-Xn¬ F¥mWv {]k‡n F∂v Rm≥ ]e-t∏mgpw Nn¥n°pam-bn-cp-∂p. D∂-X-amb e£y-ßfpw BZ¿i-ßfpw h®p-]p-e¿Øn-bm¬ am{Xta Pohn-X-Øn¬ [\y-amb ]S-hp-I-fn-tebv°v Db-cp-hm≥ Ignbq F∂ Nn¥-bm-bn-cn-°Ww CXn-\p- Im-c-Ww. bqWn-thgvkn-‰n-bnse ]e Ivfmkp-I-fn-tebv°pw sSIvÃp _p°p-Ifpw t\m´p-Ifpw, {]kn≤ kmln-Xy-Im-c∑m-cpsS Ipsd {KŸ-ßfpw At±lw acn-bm-]p-cØv A®-Sn-∏n°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. A®Sn cwKØv- h¿j-ß-tfmfw \o≠ _‘߃ R߃ XΩn¬ hy‡n-]-c-amb kulrZw Bg-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn-\p≈ tlXp-hm-bn-Xo¿∂p. \ntXy\ cmhn-sebpw sshIpt∂-chpw, ka-bØpw Ak-a-bØpw At±lw {]q^v hmb-\bv°v {] n¬ FØpam-bn-cp-∂p. tPm¿÷v amÃ-dptSX√mØ ]pkvX-I-ß-fpsS {]q^v hmb-\bpw At±-lsØ-s°m≠v \S-Øn®v B kvt\l-_‘w apX-em-°m≥ Rm≥ {ian-®n´p≠v F∂p-IqSn ]d-bm-Xn-cn-°m≥ hø. 121 h¿j-߃°p-tijw, 1983˛¬ ]mco-knse Cu^¬ Sh¿ kµ¿in°m≥ F\n°v Ah-kcw In´n. 1000 ASn Db-c-ap-≈Xpw temI-a-lm-¤pX-ß-fn¬ H∂mbn KWn-°-s∏-´n-cp-∂-Xp-amb B tKm]p-c-Øns‚ D®n-bn¬ FØn-\n-∂t∏mƒ ta\m-t®cn kmdns‚ Cu^¬ _pIvkns‚ Nn{Xw Rm≥ Hm¿°pI-bp≠mbn. D∂-X-e£y-߃ a\- n¬ h-®p- ]q-Pn-°p-hm≥ ta\mt®cn kmdn\v Cu^¬ tKm]pcw t{]c-W-bmbnØo¿∂-Xn¬ hnkva-b-an√. tPmk^v tPyjvTs‚ B¨a°-fn¬ c≠m-a≥ tXmakv Fw.-F. Ign™v Cutim k`-bn¬ tN¿∂v sshZn-I-\m-bn ˛ dh. tUm. ^m. C.sP. tXmakv Fkv. sP. “]Tn-°m≥ [mcmfw km[y-X-Ifpw kuI-cyßfpw D≈ Cutimk`-bn¬ tNcp-∂-Xn-\p-apºv Fw.-F. hsc-bp≈ ]T-\s®ehv A\m-hiy-ambn tXmakv Fs∂-s°m≠v hln-∏n®p” F∂v kvt\lØns‚ `mj-bn¬ tPmk^v tPyjvT≥ ]cmXn ]d-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p. aq∂masØ aI≥ tUm. C. sP. sPbnwkv F©n-\n-b-dnw-Kn¬ _ncp-Zm-\¥c_ncpZw t\Sn tImgn-t°mSv Pe-hn-`hhn-Ik\ Kth-jW tI{µ-Øns‚ - Ub-d-IvS-dmbn Xo¿∂p. Hcp {]kn-≤o-IcWtI{µw ÿm]n®p hf¿Øn-sb-Sp-°pI Xs‚ apJy - - PohnXZuXy-ambn a\- n¬ Ipdn-®p-sIm-≠mWv s{]m^. tPm¿÷v ta\mt®cn Cu^¬ _pIvkv Bcw-`n-®-sX∂v tXm∂p-∂p. HgnhpZnh-k-ß-fn¬ At±lwXs∂ ]pkvX-I-s°-´p-Iƒ ASpØpw AI-se-bp-ap≈ _pIv tjm∏p-I-fn¬ sIm≠p-t]mbn hnev]-\bv°v Gev]n-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p. Hgnhp-Zn-hk߃sIm≠v Cu ]pkvXIhn-XcWhpw ]Ww ]ncn-°epw \n¿∆- - - ln-°m-sa∂v At±lw Icp-Xn. kabw IrXyw IW-°p-Iq´n ]Ww hmßn°m-s\-Øp-tºmƒ DØ-chm-Zs∏´ hy‡nIƒ ÿe-Øn-√msX hcn-Itbm, ]Ww Xøm-dn√ F∂v ]d-bp-Itbm sNøp-tºmƒ ho≠pw t]mtI-≠n-h-cpam-bn-cp-∂p. Ipd-®p- I-gn-™t∏mƒ At±-lØn\p t_m[y-ambn Cu ]pkvXI-°®-hSw tImsf-Pnse Hgnhp Znh-k-߃sIm≠v H‰bv°p \n¿∆-ln°m-\m-hn√ F∂v. AXp-sIm≠v {]kvXpX- tPmen Gev]n-°p-hm≥ ]‰nb Hcp sNdp-∏-°m-cs\ I≠p-]n-Sn-°mtam F∂v At±lw Ft∂mSp tNmZn®p. \√ am¿t°m-Sp-IqSn 10-˛mw Ivfmkv ]mkmbn c≠p h¿jw I-gn-™n´pw tPmensbm∂pw BImsX \´wXncn-bp∂ ]mh-s∏´ Hcp ]øs\ Rm≥ kmdn\v ]cn-N-b-s∏-SpØp-Ibpw sNbvXp. At±lw A[n-Imc]{X-tØm-Sp-IqSn Ahs\ ]Ww ]ncn-°p-hm≥ sIm√-tØbv°v ]d-™-b-®p. AXym-h-iy-ambn hcn-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ c≠p Znhkw AhnsS Xtß-≠n-h∂m¬ sNehp Ipd™ temUvPp-Ifn¬ Xmakn-°m-hp-∂Xm-sW∂v A\p-hZn-®n-cp-∂p. aq∂mw Znhkw If-£≥ Ign™v Xncn-®p-h∂v IW-t°-ev]n-®-t∏mƒ A\p-`-h-s∏´ Hcp Imcyw At±-lsØ 122 A¤p-X-s∏-Sp-Øn. c≠p -cm{Xn G‰hpw sNe-th-dnb tlm´-en¬ Xmakn®v hne- Iq-Snb `£Ww Ign-®mWv Ah≥ Xncn-®p-h-∂-Xv. AXr]vXn H´pw ImWn°msX At±lw IW°v kzoI-cn®v Ah\p am\y-amb {]Xn^ew \¬In. Xma-kn-bmsX At±lw sIm√sØ ]pkvXI°S-I-fp-ambn sSe-t^m-Wn¬ _‘-s∏-´p. H∂mw Znh-kw-Xs∂ Ah¿ kwJy- sIm-SpØp-Ign™ncp∂p-sh∂v a\- n-em-bn. AtXmsS {]kn-≤o-IcWcwK-Øp≈ ta\m-t®cn kmdns‚ taml-ß-ƒ AkvX-an®p. Cu ]cm-P-b-Øn¬°qSn Hcp al-Ømb Z¿i\w At±-l-Øns‚ a\- n¬ DZn-®p-b¿∂p. AXmWv kz¥-amb {KŸ-cN\bpsS Bcw-`sa∂p tXm∂p-∂p. {KŸ-cN\bv°v IqSp- - - X¬ kabw e`n-°p-hm-\mbn Xriq-cn¬ Hcp hmSI ho´n-tebv°v At±lw Xmakw am‰p-I-bp-w sNbvXp. Xs‚ a°-fpsS hnZym-`ymkw Xriq¿ \K-c-Ønse ]e kvIqfp-I-fn-¬ B-b-Xp-sIm≠v Ah¿°pw CXv hfsc ^e-{]-Z-am-sW∂v At±lw I≠p. acn-bm-]p-cØp\n∂p≈ bm{X-bpsS kabw Aßs\ em`n-°p-hm≥ Ign™p. F∂m¬ Xs‚ hnZym¿∞n-I-fp-sSbpw A≤ym-]Ikplr-Øp-°-fpsSbpw, Adn-bn®pw Adn-bn-°m-sX-bp-ap≈, kµ¿i-\-߃ ta\m-t®cn kmdn\p ]e-t∏mgpw iey-ambn tXm∂n-bn-´p-≠v. AXp-sIm≠v Nne ]pkvXIcN-\-I-fpsS aq¿≤y-\y-Øn-em-bn-cn-°p-tºmƒ, ]q¿Æ-amb GIm¥-Xbv°pw GIm-{K-Xbv°pw-th≠n Xriq¿ \K-cØn¬Øs∂ GsX-¶nepw tlm´-en¬ apdn-sb-SpØv Xma-kn-®n-cp-∂Xv Fs∂ A¤p-Xs∏-Sp-Ønbn-´p≠v. At±lw Fhn-sS-bm-sW∂v {ioa-Xn- amKn°p-am-{Xta Adn-bm-am-bn-cp-∂p≈p. tlm´-ens‚ t]cv shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm≥ A\p-hm-Z-an-√m-bn-cp-∂p. \Kca≤y-Øn¬Øs∂ Hcp al¿jn-sb-t∏mse GIm-¥hmkw A\p-jvTn®p-sIm-≠m-bn-cp∂p s{]m^. tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®cn Xs‚ I\-s∏´ {KŸß-fpsS an\p-°p-]Wn-Iƒ \n¿∆-ln-®n-cp-∂Xv F∂ Imcyw Fs‚ a\- n¬ C∂pw Xßn-\n¬°p∂ Hcp \√ Hm¿Ω-bm-Wv. 123 Let’s Ring out and sing our Joy! Let’s ring out Sapthathi Bells; Let’s bring out heart-filled feelings Let’s rally round dear Menachery to proclaim his pretty life and deeds. Lengthy shadow of the lofty Forane bell tower* Gently kisses quadrangular Erinjery Tharavad every morn Whispering the call to gaze to the heights of ancient glory Tracing the footprints of unique ancestors of repute Angel Raphael who walked with Thobias in solitary ways Ensuring push to move in unknown unthread paths Ever docile he was to the call from deep within Ever enduring he was to realize his cherished goals. Gathering and sharing wisdom is his persisting passion Printing and publishing is his ever-lingering hunger. So dear is to him ancient Erinjeri Tharavad in Ollur The abode enriched by ancestors of nobility and fame, A monumental house with stories for every tiny part Inexhaustible barn of self-esteem, courage and vigor. A man of vision and action, a star in the cloudy sky, Who mastered realms of words, history, arts and culture Brave he is to dream of a museum and bulky volumes Persevering he is to grasp horizons untouched by others. To the depths of history he dived and picked up pearls, To the heights of fame he soared up by wings of toil. Strong is his will power; dynamic is his word power, Unique are his talents to meet challenges of the times. In silence and solitude he laboured night and day In the sublime company of volumes old and new Amazed he was in the little relics of bygone days Pieces of craft in wood, stone or metal and mined books. 124 A glaring star he is in the firmament of culture Enthusiastic and energetic even when entering seventies May the bloom of his much-awaited scholarly volumes Spread out nectar and fragrance in the years to come. O dear Menachery, crown of the family, pride of the people, May God have the joy that His dreams on you are realized in full. * Forane bell tower = Bell tower of St. Antony’s Forane Church, Ollur Im´qcnse Xmac°pfw 125 tUm. C.sP. tXmakv Fkv. sP. {]n≥kn-∏¬, sk‚ v tPmk^vkv tImtf-Pv, I-Æq¿ Fs‚ tN´≥ Rm\pw tN´\pw XΩn¬ c≠c hb- ns‚ hyXym-k-ap-≠v. tN´≥ t\csØ ]IzX h∂ Hcp hy‡n-bm-bn-cp-∂p. R-ß-fpsS IpSpw-_-Øn¬ tN´s‚ Bf-Xz-Øn\v hntij Xnf-°-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. A©p s]¨Ip-´nIƒ Ign™v P\n-®-Xn-\m¬ RßfpsS IpSpw-_-Ønse apgp-h≥ t]cpsSbpw {i≤ tN´s‚ Imcy-Øn-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Rß-fpsS A-Ω-bpsS A∏s‚ (A-∏q-∏s‚?) t]cn-´-Xn-\m¬ Ahn-sS-bp-≈-h¿°pw tN´t\mSv henb kvt\l-am-bn-cp-∂p. sNdp-∏Øn-te-Xs∂ {Inbm-flIambn {]h¿Øn- ®n-cp∂ Hcp hy‡n-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Ip-´n-°-fn-I-fn¬t∏mepw Hcp hf¿®-h∂ hy‡n-bpsS `mhw Im´n-bp-cp-∂p. sslkvIq-ƒ ¢m n¬ ]Tn-°p-tºmƒ th\-eh[n°v tN´≥ H‰-acØn¬ Hcp Ifn-°∏ep-≠m-°n. ASpØ ho´nse - - - hey∏-\m-bn-cp∂p AXn\v {]tNm-Z\w. ssl-kvIqƒ ¢m n¬ ]Tn-°p-tºmƒ Xs∂ Hcp Isø-gpØp amknI kz¥-ambn cNn-®p. ]n∂oSv Xr»n-\m∏n≈nbn¬ sk‚ v tPmk^vkv tImtf-Pn¬ ]Tn-°p-tºmƒ Hcp am-knI {]n‚ v sNbvXp {]kn-≤o-I-cn-®n-cp-∂p. tdmUv tIm¨{SmIvSv aXn-bm°n Ce-Iv{Sn-°¬ tIm¨{Sm-IvSn¬ {]thin® Fs‚ A∏\v tN´s\ Hcp F≥Pn-\o-b¿ B°-W-sa-∂m-bn-cp∂p tamlw. tN´\v kmln-Xy-Ønepw tP¿W-en-k-Øn-ep-am-bn-cp∂p Xm¬-]cyw. A∏s‚ \n¿-_-‘-Øn\v hgßn C‚¿ao-Un-tb-‰n\pw _n. F.°pw KWn-X-imkv{Xw sFOn-I-hn-j-b-ambn ]Tn-®p. F∂m¬ IW°v ]Tn-°phm≥ Xm¬]-cy-an-s√∂v t_m[y-s∏´t∏mƒ Cw•ojv kmln-Xy-Øn-te°v amdm≥ Xocp-am-\n-®p. a°sf F≥Pn-\o-b¿ B-°Wsa∂ A∏s‚ tamlw aq∂m-asØ aI≥ - \nd-th-‰n. sNdp∏Øn¬Xs∂ ]c∂ hmb-\-bpsS DS-a-bm-bn-cp∂p tN´≥. aebm-f-Ønepw Xan-gn-ep-ap≈ [mcmfw ]pkvX-I-߃ Im´q-cp≈ A∏m-∏s‚ 126 tiJ-cØn-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. kzmX-{¥y-kacØn-t‚-Xmb B ImeØv tKma- - Xn, amXr-`qan BgvN-∏-Xn∏v, \¿ΩZ ap-X-emb {]kn-≤o-I-c-W-߃ ho´n¬ hcp-Øn-bn-cp-∂p. B\µ hnIS≥, I¬°n ap-Xemb Xangv {]kn-≤oI-cWßfn¬ A∏m-∏\v henb Iº-am-bn-cp-∂p. tN´s\ Xangv ]Tn-∏n-®Xpw - - A-∏m-∏-\m-bn-cp-∂-s{X. H√q-cnse Rß-fpsS IpSp-_-ho-´n¬ [mcmfw Cw•ojv ]pkvX-I-ß-fp-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. lnµp ]{Xhpw hcp-Øn-bn-cp-∂p. A∏\v [mcmfw s]≥-{^-≠vkv D≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ Ah¿ aptJ\ Atacn-°bn-sebpw Cw•-≠n-sebpw sF¿-e≠n-sebpw {]kn-≤o-IcW߃ e`y- - am-bn-cp-∂p. ssk≥, dotUgvkv Ub-P-Ãv, ImØenIv Ub-PÃv, sse^v, Ce-kvt{S-‰Uv e≠≥ \yqkv, sSe-{Km^v Zn\-]{Xw, ImØenIv ^b¿kbnUv F∂nh H√q-cnse ho´n¬ hmbn-°p-hm≥ e`y-am-bn-cp-∂p. (ImØenIv tIm¨{K v H√q¿ \S-∂-t∏mƒ Hcp FIvkn-_n-j≥ \S--Øp-Ibpw AXn¬ temI-Ønse ItØm-en°m {]kn-≤o-Ic-W-߃ {]Z¿-in-∏n® -sPbnwkv ta\m-t®cn (Nm-°n-f-b-∏≥) bpsS Ãmfn\v kΩm\w e`n-°p-Ibpap-≠m-bn.) tN´≥ F√m Znhk-hpw _n_n-kn bn-epw, FsF-B¿ epw h∂ncp∂ hm¿Ø-Iƒ {i≤n-®p-tI´p hne--bn-cp-Øp-am-bn-cp-∂p. (1950sem as‰m Fcn-t™cn ho´n¬ tdUntbm D-≠m-bn-cp∂p). ]T-\-Øn¬ tN´≥ anSp°-\m-bn-cp-∂p. A≤ym-]-I-¿°v tN´-s\°pdn®v \√ aXn-∏m-bn-cp-∂p. _p≤ni-‡n-bpsS Imcy-Øn¬ tN´\pw Fs‚ A\pP\pw Hcp-t]m-se-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Rm\pw tN-´\pw XΩn¬ Nnet∏mƒ hg°nSm-dp-≠v. tN´≥ a‰p-≈-h-cp-ambn CS-]-gIp∂Xn¬ \nb-{¥-W-ap-≠m-°n-bncp-∂p. Rm≥ F√mh-cp-ambn CS-]-g-Ip∂ kz`m-h-°m-c-\m-bn-cp∂p. Cu sshcp≤yw ]e-t∏mgpw Akz-ÿX D≠m-°n-bn-´p-≠v. s]mXp-cw-KØv {]th-in-°m≥ XpSßnb-tXmsS tN´≥ IqSp-X-em-fp--Ifpambn CS-]-gIm\pw AXp-aqew Iq-Sp-X¬ P\-k-Ω-X-\m-bn-Øo-cp-hm\pw XpS-ßn. hntam-N-\-ka-c-Im-eØv- hnZym¿∞n t\Xmhpw ]n∂oSv tImtfPv bqWn-b≥ sNb¿am\pw, Bƒ C≥Uym \yqam≥ Atkmkn-tb-j≥ sshkv {]kn-U‚pw Bbn. Aßns\ H-cp-]mSp kwL-S-\-I-fn¬ {]-h¿-Øn®v Xs‚ kwL-S-\m-]m-Shw sXfn-bn-®p. k]vXXn BtLm-jn°p∂ Cu Ah-kcØn¬ Xncn-™p-t\m- °p-tºmƒ tN´≥ A`n-am-\Ic-ambn HØncn Im-cy-߃ sNbvXn-´p-≈Xmbn ImWmw. Rßfpw B A`nam\Øn¬ ]¶p-tN-cp-∂p. XpS¿∂pw I¿-Ω-\nc-X-\mbn apt∂m´pt]m-Im≥ ssZhw tPyjvTs\ A\p-{K-ln-°-s´. 127 kn. Hmkv_¿K kn.Fw.kn A\nb≥ ]me-bq¿ thZn-bn¬\n∂v am¿∏m-∏bpsS AwKo-Im-cap{Z A`n-hµy ]nXmhn¬ \n∂p Fs‚ A\pP≥ s{]m^. tPm¿÷v ta\mt®cn G‰p-hm-ßnbXp I≠-t∏mƒ 55 sIm√-߃°p-apºv Im´q¿ t]ms_ sk‚ v tacokv sslkv°qƒ A¶-W-Øn¬ sh®v kvIqfns‚ hm¿jn-I-Zn-hkw AXns‚ A≤y-£-]Zw Ae-¶-cn-®n-cp∂ PUvPn-bn¬\n∂pw kvIqƒ A[n-Im-cn-IfpsS AwKo-Im-c-Øns‚ saU¬ A≤y-£≥ Xs∂ j¿´n-t∑¬ IpØnsIm-SpØ Hm¿Ω-bmWv h∂-Xv. aq∂p Bß-f-am--cmWv D≈-Xv. aq∂p-t]cpw Fs‚ XmsgbmWv aq∂pt]cpw HØp-tN¿∂m¬ hoSv ]ns∂ i_vZ-ap-J-cn-X-am-bn-Øo-cpw. {][m-\-a{¥n Pl-h¿em¬ s\{lp, cmjv{S-]n-Xmhv alm-flm-Km‘n, {io. C°-≠hm-cn-b¿ XpS-ßnb cmjv{Sob t\Xm-°-∑m-sc-bpw, kn\n-a-Xm-c-ß-fmb cmPvI-]qcpw, Zneo]hvIp-amdpw \¿§okpw Iman-\n-I-\-iepw F∂p th≠ ]Tn-∏n® Bcm-[y-cmb A≤ym-]-Isc Ipdn®pw N¿® sNøpw. Hmtcm-cpØcpw Xm¥m-߃ ]d-bp-∂Xv BWv \√-sX∂p ka¿∞n-°m≥ Aßb‰w {ian°pw. Ch¿ Cßs\ X¿°n°p-∂-Xpw _lfw FSp-°p-∂-Xpsa√mw ImWm≥ AΩm-Ω°v henb kt¥m-j-am-Wv. Ah-km\w AΩmΩ°v CjvS-s∏´ H∂p-c≠p ]m´p-]mSn sImSp-°pw. “Ae-Isf apdn®v Acb∂w t]mse IS-Øp-h-©nbpw \oßn,” “ImØp-kq-£n-s®mcp IkvXqcn-am-ºgw Im° sImØn t]mbv Atø!” ]´n, ]mºv, Hs¥ms°bp-≠-h\n¬ At∏mƒ A∏≥ ]dbpw Fs‚ aq∂p B¨a-°ƒ°pw Ah¿ ]Tn® GsX-¶nepw kvIqfn¬ \n∂v \√ kz`m-h-Øn-\p≈ kΩm\w In´n-bn-´p≠v. aq∂mfpw ho´n¬ HØp-h-∂m¬ N¿®-bpsS Xo{h-X-bm¬ Rm≥ ]pdØp-I-S∂p \nev°-Ww. AΩ°pw kt¥m-j-am-Wv. a°-fpsS Cu X√q´w ImWm≥ Ah-km\w CSbv°p AΩbpw A`n{]mbw ]d-bpw. Cf-b-h≥ tXmev°m-dm-Ip-tºmƒ Ic™v AΩ-bpsS ASp-°¬ A`bw tXSpw N¿® sNbvXp HØp Xo¿∏n-se-ØmØ Imcy-߃ ]n∂oSv A∏-\pw, Cf-b-∏128 ∑mcpw hcp-tºmƒ Hcp Xos∏mcn N¿® sNbvXv Xocp-am-\n-°pw. sNdnb ¢m n¬ ]Tn-°p-tºmƒ Xs∂ Isø-gpØp amknI Fgp-Xm-dp≠v. tPmbv AXn\v _me≥ F∂p t]cp sImSp-Øp. Xrin-\m-∏n-≈n-bn¬ ]Tn-°p∂ ImeØv tlmì tU°v Cw•o-jn¬ Hcp \mSIw FgpXn Ip´n-Isf sIm≠v A`n-\-bn-∏n®p Im´q-csØ A∏m-∏≥ AXn\p Ah\p Hcp henb {]tNm-Z-\-am-bn-cp∂p \√ \√ ]pkvX-I-߃ A∏m∏≥ hmßnbv°m-dp-≠v. hn{I-am-Zn-Xy≥ IY-Iƒ, N¥p-ta-t\ms‚ Cµp-teJ XpSßn ]e-Xpw. BgvN-∏-Xn∏pIfpw hmßm-dp-≠v. Ddq-_ns‚ \o≠-IY Aßns\ amXr-`qan BgvN-∏-Xn-∏n¬ \n∂mWv hmbn-®-Xv. Ipfn-°p-tºmƒ sh≈w-tImcn Hgn-°p∂ ]m{X-Øn¬ Hcp sNdnb Zzmcw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. AXp Hcp henb h´-bv-°-bn-en-´n´v B Zzmc-Øn¬ IqsS Ibdn ]m{Xw apßm≥ F{X-kabw FSp-°p-sa∂v \nco-£n-°pw. ]e \nco£-W-ßfpw ]co-£-W-ßfpw sNdp-∏-Øn¬ Xs∂ \S-Øm-dp-≠v. Hcp-Zn-hkw ho´n¬ Hme sIm≠v hoSp-≠m°n Ifn-°p-tºmƒ hSn-Ifv sI´m≥ Ib¿ apdn®p. \√ aq¿®-bp≈ IØn-bm-b-Xn-\m¬ sh´n-b-t∏mƒ Ahs‚ Nq≠m-Wn-hn-c-ens‚ Xpºv apdn-™p-t]m-bn. Xpºn-√mØ Nq≠mWn-hnc-emWv C∂pw. Ct∏mƒ Xp∂W-sa¶n¬ F{X Bkv]{Xn-Iƒ Ibdn Cd-ß-Ww. apdn-hv AΩ-bpsS hnZKv[ NnIn-’-bn¬ HcmgvN sIm≠v kpJam-bn. Xpem-am-k-Øn¬ \√ agbpw CSn-bp-ap-≈-t∏mƒ Aø-∏s\ R߃ c≠pt]-scbpw sIm≠p-h-cm≥ Im´q¿ kvIqfn¬ Ab°pw. A∏m-∏s‚ Ipf-ºp-Ip-S-bpw, AΩ-bpsS Im¬Ip-Sbpw D≠m-Ipw. Aø-∏s‚ Iøn¬ Rß-fpsS ap´p-Ip-S-Iƒ hmßn ]Icw F\n°v Ipfºp IpS-X-cpw. AΩbpsS Im¬IpS Ah\pw sImSp°pw ]ns∂ k©nbpw hmßn-∏n-Sn°pw˛Smdn-SmØ hgn-bmb Ipgn-I-fn¬ sh≈w \nev°p-∂p-≠m-Ipw. B Nfn-sh≈w sXdn-∏n®v \S-°pw Ah≥ ˛k©n Iøn-en-√mØXp-sIm≠pw henb IpSbm-b-Xp-sIm≠pw Ah≥ sh≈w sXdn-∏n®v \S-°p-I-bm-Wv. C\n Aø∏s\ hntS≠ R߃ Fß-s\-sb-¶epw h∂p-sIm-≈pw. R߃ Aø∏s‚ IqsS \S-°p-tºmƒ Ip´n-Iƒ Rßsf t\m°n Nncn-°pw. Aßs\ Aø-∏s‚ ieyw Xo¿∂p In´n. ]d-ºn¬ FØp-tºmƒ c≠p tXmSp IS°m-\p-≠v. Aø-∏s\ tXmSns‚ Acn-IØp \n¿Øpw. R߃ hcp-tºmƒ Aø-∏≥ tXm´n¬ Cdßn \n∂v Rßsf Cu Ic-bn¬ \n∂p B Ic-bnte°p IS-Øn-sh-bv°pw, Aø∏m Imens‚ Xpsº-¶nepw sh≈-Øn¬ ap´n-°Ww F∂p ]d-bp-tºmƒ hey C{_m-°ƒ Xwkm-cn-°pw. (h-g-°p-]d-bpw) F∂p ]d™v A∏m-∏≥ ImWm≠v ap´n-°pw˛ agbpw sh≈-hpsa√mw ImWm≥ F¥p `wKn-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Xma-c-°p-f-Øns‚ Icbv°v Ipº-fw, aØ, Ibv], ]S-hew Hs° \Sm129 dp-≠v. A∏m-∏≥ AXp t\m°m≥ t]mIp-tºmƒ Rßfpw IqsS-t]mbn AXp hf-cp-∂Xpw a‰pw t\m°n-\n-ev°pw. hmSmØ ]®-°-dn-Iƒ [mcmfw Ign-®n-´p-≠v. AXp t]mse ]b-dpw. kvIqƒ hn´p h∂m¬ F√m-hcpw IqSn Ifn-°pw. {][m\ Ifn {^©phm-dmWv ]ns∂ _m‰vsa‚Wpw dnßpw. Aßns\ Ifn®pw X√q-Snbpw `£-n®pw R߃ hf¿∂p hep-Xm-bn. H√q¿ ]≈n 130 tUm. C. sP. sPbnwkv tPmbnt®´-s\-°p-dn-®v Hm¿°p-tºmƒ B¨Ip´n-Iƒ P\n-°p-hm≥ t\mºp-t\m-‰n-cp∂ Imew. {]tXy-In®v ‘a°Ømb’ °mcmb am¿tXma {InkvXym-\n-Iƒ. sIm®u-tk^v ˛ Ipt™Øn Zº-Xn-Iƒ°v A©p s]¨Ip-´n-Iƒ°p -tijw kt¥m-j-ambn IS-∂ph∂ ‘tPmbn--’bmWv C. sP. tPm¿÷pw ]n∂oSv tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®-cn-bpambn ]cn-Wan-®Xv. A∏m-∏≥ (F-cn-t™cn tXma) acn-®tijw BZy-ambn - IpSpw-_-Øn¬ P\n® B¨Ip-´n-bm-b-Xn-\m¬ ‘tXma’ F∂p \ma-IcWwsNtø-≠-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. {]tXy-In®v A∏m-∏≥ acn-®Xv A∏\v \memaXpw s]¨Ip´n P\n-®-Xp-sIm-≠p≈ Zp:JwsIm≠m-sW∂v \m´p-Im¿ ]d™n-cp∂ Ime-am-b-Xn-\m¬. F∂n-cp-∂mepw aqØ- a-I≥, B¨Ip-´nI-fn-√m-Xn-cp∂ `mcy-bpsS A∏s‚ (]p-Ø≥]pc Ip™p-hdn-Xv) t]cp \¬IW-sa∂v A∏≥ \n›-bn-®p. ]pØ≥]p-c-°m-cm-Is´, At±-l-Øns‚ A∏s‚ t]cn-Sm≥ km[n-°msX t]mb Zp:JØn-ep-am-bn-cp-∂Xn\m¬ ‘hmdpÆn’ F∂p t]cn-´m¬ \∂m-Ip-sa∂v tXm∂n. Aßs\ ‘tXma-’bmtI≠ tXma-]o-Snb°m-c≥ Fcn-t™cn sIm®u-tk^v ˛ Ipt™Øn aI≥ hmdp-Æn-bm-bn. Fgp-]Xp sIm√w apºv Im´q¿ sk‚ v tacokv ]≈n-bnse amtam-Zok cPn-Ãdn¬ ÿm\w]nSn-®p. Ip™p-hdoXpw hmdp-Æn-bp-sa√mw tPm¿÷v Xs∂. Cw•-≠nse cmP-]-c-º-c-bpsS ssien-bn¬, tPmbnsb ]pØ≥]p-cbnse tPm¿÷v \mem-a\mbn AwKo-Icn-®p. ]≈n°p \¬Inb Imk-bnepw ]oem-kbnepw CXv tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠s{X. sIm®u-tk^v ˛ Ipt™Øn Zº-Xn-Iƒ°v c≠m-a-sXmcp B¨Ip´n P\n-®v, tXma (Fr. E.J. Thomas S.J.) F∂p t]cn-Sp-∂Xp-hsc, Fcn-t™cn ho´nse Nne ImcW-h-∑m¿ tPm¿÷ns\ tXma F∂mWv hnfn-®n-cp-∂-X-s{X. Aßns\ Hcp tPm¿÷v ˛ tXma-bp-≠m-bn. \{kmWn ]mc-ºcyw hcpwXe-ap-d-I-fnte-bvs°-Øn-°m≥ Hcp ‘tXma-]o-Sn-I’bp-ap≠m-bn. tN´s‚ sNdp-∏Øn¬ AΩ-bpsS AΩ (‘a-Sn-»oe Ic-s≠en’ s^bnw ISn-®n\n tXmas‚ aIƒ) acn-®Xn-\m¬ AΩ-bpw a°fpw A∏m-∏s\ ip{iq131 jn-°m≥ Im´q¿°v IpSn-tb-dn. A∏s‚ B{K-l-{]-Imchpw ]p¿ÆkΩ-XtØm-Sp-wIq-Sn-Øs∂. Aßs\ tN´≥ Im´q¿ t]mws] sk‚ v tacokv kvIqfn¬ ]Ømw-¢m-kp-hsc ]Tn-°p-hm≥ CS-bm-bn. Cu ka-bØv A∏m∏≥ tN´s\ ‘Z¿i-\’-Øn¬ tN¿°p-Ibpw {]tk-¥n-hmgvN \S-Øp-Ibpw a‰p-ap-≠m-bn. CXn-s‚-sb√mw ^e-ambn B¨Ip-´n-I-ƒ C-√m-Xn-cp∂ ]pØ≥]pc Xd-hm-´nse A\-¥-cm-h-Im-in-bmWv Xms\∂ Hcp [mcW amjn¬- D≠m-bn. (Fs∂ Hcp sIm√w sk‚ v tXmakv tImsf-Pn¬ ]Tn∏n-®p-´p-≈-Xn-\m¬ amsj-∂pw, s{]m^-k-sd∂pw A`n-kw-t_m-[\sNøp∂-Xn¬ sX‰p-s≠∂v tXm∂p-∂n-√). s{]m^-k¿ AXn-se∂pw A`n-am-\n°p-Ibpw ]pf-Iw-sIm-≈p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-∂Xmbn tXm∂n-bn-´p-≠v. BImc-Ønepw {]Ir-X-Ønepw ]pØ≥]pc Nph-bp-≠pXm-\pw. kvIqfn¬ ]Tn°p∂ ImeØv A∏-s‚bpw AΩ-bp-sSbpw CjvSk¥m-\-hpw, Ftf-∏-∑mcp-sSbpw AΩm-bn-am-cp-sSbpw _‘p-°-fp-sSbpw IÆn-ep-Ænbpw s]ß∑m-cpsS kvt\l-]m-{X-hp-ambn hnf-ßp-hm≥ tN´\p Ign-™p. sNdp-∏Øn¬ (h-ep-∏-Øn-epw) \√ `‡n-bp≈ Ip´n-bm-bn-cp-∂p. F√m Znh-khpw ]≈n-bn¬ t]mIp-Ibpw {]m¿∞n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-∂-Xmbn AΩ ]dbm-dp-≠v. \√ A\p-k-c-W-bp≈ Ip´n-bm-bn-cp-∂-s{X. AΩm-Ωbv°v ss__nƒ hmbn-®p- hni-Zo-I-cn®psIm-Sp°p∂Xv I≠-Xmbn Hm¿°p-∂p. 10-˛mw ¢mkv Ign™v C‚-dn\v ]Tn-°m≥ tN´s\ Xr»n-\m-∏n-≈n-bnse Cutim-k-`-°m-cpsS sk‚ v tPmk^vkv tImsf-Pn-te-bv°-b-®p. ]n∂oSv Ahn-sS-Øs∂ _n. G. bv°v KWn-X-imkv{Xw sF—nIhnj-b-ambn FSpØv ]Tn∏p XpS¿∂p. sIm®n cmPm-hns‚ tIm¨{Sm-Iv{S¿amcm-bncp∂ Fcn-t™-cn-°m¿°v tPmbn Hcp F©n-\n-b-dmbn ImWm-\m-bn-cp∂p B{K-lw. IW°p ¢mkp-Iƒ I´p-sNbvXv a‰p Xmev]-cy-ap≈ ¢mkp-Ifn¬ sN∂n-cn-°p-∂-Xmbn Cutimk`m ]mXn-cn-am¿ ho´p-Imsc Adn-bn-®ncp-∂-s{X. A°m-eØv ssIsø-gp-Øpamkn-I-bnepw kmlnXyIrXn-I-fnep-ambn kabw sNe--hn-´n-cp-∂p-sh∂v kl-]m-Tn-Iƒ ]d-bm-dp-≠v. Ah¿°v h´m-bn-cp-s∂∂v amjv°v tXm∂p-∂-Xn¬ sX‰n-√-t√m. Ah¿°v Xncn-®pw. Cu Ime-bfhn-se-t∏mtgm `mhn-bnse ‘Fcn-t™-cn-®s\’ \m´p-Im¿ amjn¬ - Z¿in-®n-´p-≠m-Imw. (Pm-k-®≥ At∏m-sgbv°pw acn-®p-t]m-bn-cp-∂p). Xr»n-\m-∏n-≈n-bn¬ ]Tn-°p∂ ImeØv tN´≥ hcm≥ R߃ F√mhcpw ImØn-cn-°pw. F\n°v A∂p sIm≠p-h∂pX∂ {In∫v sk‰v Fs‚ a°ƒ Ign™ {InkvXp-a- n\pw s]mSn -X´n D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cp-∂p. thsdmcn-°¬ Hcp ‘cmP≥’ Ifn-°mdv hmßn sIm≠p-h-∂p. ]ns∂m-cn-°¬ ]co£Ww sNøm\pw kn\na ImWn-°m\pw Hcp se≥kv sIm≠p-h∂p ˛ Hcp ss_\m-°p-te-gvkv. ta¬°p-c-bpsS DØ-c-߃ XΩn¬ _‘n-∏n®v ]mf-ß-fp-≠m°n \qep- Np-‰p∂ t_m_n\pw I√p- sI-´nb Nc-Sp-ap]-tbmKn®v X\Xmbn HmSp∂ s{Sbn-\p-≠m°n X∂p. s{Sbn-t\m-Sn-®n-cp-∂Xv ]Øm132 b-Øns‚ apI-fn¬ Ib-dn-\n-∂v. Bhn-bn¬ HmSp∂ at\m-l-cn-bmb Hcp I∏¬ ac-Øn¬ Xo¿Øp arK-ßtfmSpw ]£n-Itfm-Sp-ap≈ Fs‚ Xmev]cysØ c≠p tN´-∑mcpw t{]m’m-ln-∏n-®n-cp-∂p. Hcp tN´≥ {InkvXp-a n\p {In∫p-≠m-°p-tºmƒ as‰ tN´≥ \£-{X-hn-f-°p-≠m-°p-I-bm-Ipw. {][m-\-ambpw sIm®-\n-bs‚ B{K-l-߃ \nd-th-‰m≥. Hcp \√ Iq´p-IpSpw-_-Øns‚ Np‰p-]m-Sn-em-bn-cp∂p amjv hf¿∂p-h-∂-Xv. Xr»n-\m-∏n-≈nbn¬\n∂pw KWn-Ximkv{X ]T\w \n¿Øn Xriq¿ sk‚ v tXmakv tImsfPn¬ [\-im-kv{X-Øn¬ _n. G.bv°v tN¿∂-t∏mƒ amjmsI amdn-t∏m-bXmbn tXm∂n. \S-Ø-Ønepw {]hrØn-bnepw t\Xr-]m-S-h-Øn-ep-sa-√mw. tImsfPv bqWn-b-\p-I-fpsS `mc-hm-ln-bmbn, sNb¿am-\m-bn. D∂-X-hy‡n-Isf tImsf-Pn-tebv°v £Wn-®p-h-cpØn. hntam-N\ka-c-Im-eØv hnZym¿∞n-Isf kwL-Sn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn¬ Hcp {][m\ ]¶p- h-ln-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. C°m-eØv ‘Ham sick’ F∂ t]cn¬ Cw•o-jn¬ Hcp {]kn-≤oI-c-Whpw Bcw-`n-®p. AXns‚ {]Xn-I-fn-sem∂v ASp-Ø-Im-eØv ImWpI-bp-≠m-bn. sk‚ v tXmakv tImsf-Pn¬ ]Tn-°p∂ ImeØv Aev]w Kuc-hhpw I¿°-i-amb \ne-]m-Sp-Ifpw ssIap-X-embn e`n-®p- F∂p tXm∂p-∂p. ]T-t\-XcXe-ß-fn¬ {i≤ tI{µo-I-cn-®n´pw [\-im-kv{XØn¬ _n. G. ]co-£-bn¬ \√ am¿t°msS _ncp-Z-sa-Sp-Øp. sNdp-∏-Ønte Ie-bnepw kmln-Xy-Ønepw X¬]c-\m-bn-cp-∂p. \√ hmb-\-ioew, cm{Xn aq∂p-˛-\mep aWn-hsc hmb-\-bn¬ apgp-Im-dp-≠m-bncp-∂p. Im´q¿ ]mc-º-cy-amWnsX∂v amjv ]e-t∏mgpw ]d-bm-dp-≠v. Iebnepw hmkvXp-hn-Zy-bn-ep-ap≈ s{]m^-k-d-psS Xmev]cyw ‘tXma-]o-SnI’bv°pw ‘\{km-Wo-kn\pw’ th≠n FSpØ Nn{X-ß-fn¬\n∂pw kphy‡-am-Wv. ap≥Ime Ncn{XImc-∑m-scm∂pw th≠{X {]m[m\yw sImSp°m-Xn-cp∂ ]≈n-°-e-Isf t{ImUo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn\pw Ahsb Ncn{X]T\-Øn-\p≈ D]-I-c-W-ambn am‰p-∂-Xnepw sNbvXn-´p≈ tkh\w F√m ImeØpw kvacn-°-s∏-Sp-sa-∂mWv Ncn-{X-hn-Zym¿∞n-I-fpsS A`n-{]m-bw. s{]m^-k-dpsS t^mt´mtiJcw Hcp]mSp Kth-j-I¿°v {]tNm-Z-\-am-bn´p-≠v. Iq´-Øn¬ F\n°pw Fs‚ `mcy-bv°pw. 1960IfpsS HSp-hn¬ amjv t^mt´m-bn¬ H∏n-sb-SpØ ]e Iem-h-kvXp-°fpw C∂v \in-∏n-°-s∏´ \ne-bn-em-Wv. AXp-sIm≠v Ncn-{X-hn-Zym¿∞n-Iƒ°v B[m-c-am-bp-≈Xv amjvsS Nn{X-߃ am{Xw. _ncp-Zm-\-¥cw tImgn-t°ms´ tZh-Kncn tImsf-Pn¬ tN¿∂v Xs‚ CjvS-hn-j-b-amb Cw•ojv kmln-Xy-Øn¬ Fw. G.bv°v tN¿∂p. A∂v Xntbm-tU-jykv A®\pw inh-cmakp{_-]vaWy Aøcpw a‰pw Cw•ojv hn`m-K-Øn¬ ]Tn-∏n-®p-sIm-≠n-cp∂ Ime-am-bn-cp-∂p. Ah¿s°√mw tN´≥ CjvS-s∏´ hnZym¿∞n-bm-bn-cp-s∂-∂mWv ]d™ptI-´-Xv. tImgn-t°m´m-bn-cp-∂-t∏mƒ Aev]w ‘ZmZ’ Ifn-®n-cp-s∂∂v ]n∂oSv AhnsS hf¿∂ 133 Fs‚ a°-tfmSv amjv ]d-bp-I-bp-≠m-b-s{X. c≠mw-h¿j Fw. G.bv°v Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-csØ tIcf k¿∆-I-em-ime-bn-tebv°v am‰w hmßn- t]m-bn. Cu Ah-k-c-Øn¬ Xriq¿\n∂pw Xncp-h\¥]p-ctØ-bv°v t]mIp-tºmƒ Xoh-≠n-bpsS hmXn¬°¬ Ccp∂v - - - tIm´bw tÃj-\nse πm‰vt^m-an¬ X´n Imens‚ sjbv∏v Aev]w amdnt∏m-b-Xmbn I≠ Hm¿Ω C∂pw a\- n-ep-≠v. Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-cØv Aev]w ‘lotdm-bnkw’ Ifn®Xmbn AhnsS D≠m-bn-cp∂ AΩm-bn-bpsS a°-fpsS AS°w]d-®n-en¬\n∂v tI´-dn-™n-cp-∂p. A∂p-Im-eØv Cw•o-jv Fw. G.bv°v {]iw-k-\o-b-amb coXn-bn¬ Pbn-°p-Ibpw dnk¬´v Adn™ A∂p-Xs∂ Cf-b-∏s‚ IqsS t]mbn sk‚ v tXmakv tImsf-Pn¬ eIvN-d-dmbn tNcp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Cf-b∏\v _¿km-d-®s\ \∂mbn Adn-bm-am-bn-cp-∂-s{X. tN¿∂ DSs\ h∂ sk‚ v tXmakv Zn\-Ønse ]cn-]m-Snbv°v amsj ho´p-Im¿ AWn-bn®v Hcp-°n-hn-´Xv Ct∏mgpw a\- n-ep-≠v. B Zn\-Øn¬ tPmen In´n-b-Xn-\ptijw ‘I∂n-{]-kw-Khpw’ \S-Øn. amt\-P-cmb tam¨. t]mƒ Nn‰n-e-∏n≈n°v \∂mbn t_m[n-®p. Aev]w cmjv{Sn-b-Nmbvhp≈ I£n-I-fp-ambn tN¿∂v Ipd- ® p- \ mƒ {]h¿Øn- s ®- ¶ nepw ]n∂oSv ]cn- ] q¿Æ- a mbn AXn¬\n∂v ]n¥n-cn-bm-\p≈ Xocp-am-\-sa-Sp-Øp. tImgn-t°mSv bqWn-thgvkn-‰n-bpsS sk\-‰nepw Ãm‰yq-‰dn ^n\m≥jy¬ IΩn-‰n-bnepw C°m-eØv tkh-\a-\p-jvTn-®n-´p-≠v. Cu ImeØv ]≈n-°m-cy-ß-fnepw Xev]-c-\m-bn-cp-∂p. Bƒ C¥y \yqam≥ At m-kn-tb-js‚ sshkv {]kn-U‚mbn {]h¿Øn-®p. ‘Church in India Today’ktΩ-f-\-Øn\v t]mbXv Hcp hgn-Øn-cn-hm-sb∂v amjv ]d-bm-dp-≠v. _mw•q-cn¬ \S∂ ktΩ-f-\-Øn¬ am¿tØmam {InkvXym\n-I-fpsS {]tXyI ÿm\w \ne-\n¿Øp-∂-Xp-ambn _‘-s∏´ Hcp ‘sdkeq-j≥’ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-hm≥ Ah-kcw e`n-®-s{X. CXn-\p-tijw am¿tØmam {InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS Ncn-{X-Øn¬ s{]m^-k¿°v Xmev]cyw P\n-®p-sh∂v ]d-bm-dp-≠v. Xriq-cn¬ ‘se eoU¿jn∏v C≥Ãn-‰yq´v’ Bcw`n-°p-∂-Xn\pw \S-Øn-s°m-≠p-t]m-Ip-∂-Xn\pw [mcmfw ]Wn-s∏-´n-cp-∂p. Be-∏m´v At¥mWn A®s‚ tIt®-cn-bnse [ym\-a-µn-c-Øn-em-bn-cp∂p CXns‚ BZy-Ime Bÿm-\w. Nne-t∏mƒ AhnsS ¢mkp-I-sf-Sp-°phm≥ Fs∂bpw sIm≠p-t]m-Im-dp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. kl-{]-h¿Ø-I-cp-ambn tN¿∂v Xriq¿ tIsfPv tdmUn¬ XpS-ßnb Cu^¬ _pIvkv Bcw-`-Zn-i-bn¬ \∂mbn \S-Øp-∂-Xn\v amjv ap≥ssI FSp-Øp. ]n∂oSv B ÿm]\w £bn-°p-Ibpw _m[y-X-I-tfm-Sp-IqSn amjns‚ Xe-bn¬ h∂p-ho-gp-Ibpw sNbvX-Xmbn Hm¿°p-∂p. Cu Imeb-f-hn¬ `mc-Xob kmlnXy kanXn F∂ t]cn¬ ae-bmf kmln-Xy134 Ønse \mb-I∑m-cpsS ap∏-tXmfw ]pkvXI߃ {]kn-≤o-Icn®v kmlnXy - kl-I-c-W-kwLw aptJ\ hnX-cWwsNbvX-Xmbpw Hm¿°p-∂p. Cu kwcw-`-ß-fn¬ sNdnb tXmXn¬ `mK-`m-°m-Ip-hm≥ F\n°v Ah-kcw e`n-®n-´p-≠v. AXn¬ Nmcn-Xm¿∞y-hp-ap-≠v. hnhm-l-Øn-\p-tijw H∂pc≠p Ip´n-I-fm-b-Xn¬ ]ns∂-bmWv Adp-]-Xp-I-fpsS HSp-hn¬ sk‚ v tXmakv {InkvXy≥ F≥ssk-t¢m-]o-Unb (Ct∏mƒ tXmam-]o-Unb) {]kn≤o-Icn-°pI F∂ bXv\Øn¬ G¿s∏-Sp-∂Xv. tN´-\p-samØv BZyambn ]mtd-°m-´n¬ Xncp-ta-\nsb I≠v A\p-{Klw hmßp-hm≥ t]mbXv Hm¿°p∂p. F≥ssk-t¢m-]o-Unb ]≤-Xn-bn¬ BIr-jvS-\mb Xncp-ta\n Hcp aWn-°q-tdmfw hmtXm-cmsX kwkm-cn-®p. tImWn-bn-dßn-hcp-tºmƒ c≠p sa{X-\-®-∑m¿ Rß-fn-dßnhcm≥ {]m¿∞n®p ]c-h-i-cmbn \n¬°p-∂p≠m-bn-cp-∂p. tXmam-]o-Un-b-bpsS BZy Hm^okv At©-cn-bnse hoSp-X-s∂-bm-bncp-∂p. AΩ-bpsS henb tX°pw-s]´n ^b-enßv Im_n-\‰pw. `Ko-cY{]bXv\Øn¬Iq-sS-bmWv s{]m^-k¿ BZy-thm-fnbw tXmam-«o-lm-bpsS 19˛mw Nc-a-i-Xm-_vZn-bpsS `mK-ambn 1972 ¬ {]kn-≤o-I-cn-®-Xv. Cu bXv\-hpambn _‘-s∏´v hS-hm-Xq¿, [¿Ωmcw skan-\m-cn-I-fnepw, {]kn-≤o-I-cW-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´v sNs∂-bnepw s{]m^-k-dpsS IqsS Xma-kn-°p∂ Ah-k-c-ß-fn¬ Cu Imcy-ß-fn-ep≈ tN´s‚ `mh-\bpw ImgvN-∏mSpw hy‡-am-bn-cp-∂p. am¿ tXmam ss]XrIw a‰p-≈-hsc a\- n-em-°p-∂Xn\pw, ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\pw Aßs\ \ne-\n¿Øp-∂-Xn-\p-ambn amjv A{im¥]cn-{iaw \S-Øn. Cu Ipcn-ip-bp-≤-Øn¬ hym]r-X-\m-bn-cp-∂t∏mƒ IpSpw-_-Øn\v th≠{X ]cn-K-W\ sImSp-°p-hm≥ Ign-™n-s√∂v \m´p-Im¿°v A`n-{]m-b-ap-≠v. CXn\v DØcw ]d-tb-≠Xv amjns‚ `mcybpw a°-fp-am-Wt√m. amjpw `mcybpw a°-fp-sa√mw Cu C\w {]ÿm\- Ø ns‚ Ahn- ` m- P y- L - S - I - ß - f mbn Xo¿∂n- ´ p- ≠ v . Kth- j W]T- \ ߃°mbn klmbw sNbvXp-sIm-Sp-°p-I, ayqkn-b-߃ Bcw-`n-°p-I, FIvkn-_n-j\p-Iƒ \S-ØpI, ]T-\bm-{X-Iƒ kwL-Sn-∏n-°p-I, Htcm CSh-I-I-fp-sSbpw ]≈n-I-fp-sSbpw amlmflyw shfn-®Øp sIm≠p-h-cnI F∂n-ßs\ hnhn-[ßfmb taJ-eIfn¬ C∂v amjns‚ {]hr-Øn-afiew - - hym]n-®p-In-S-°p-∂p. ‘k¿°mcpw {]ÿm-\-ßfpw tXm‰n-SØv s{]m^k¿ hnP-bn-®p-h-s{X.’- AXns‚ kwXr]vXn k]vXXn BtLm-jn-°p∂ Cu Ah-k-c-Øn¬ s{]m^-k¿°v Ds≠-∂p-≈-Xn\v kwi-b-an-√. 135 ^m. sPbv°_v Gd-\m-´v s{]m^. ta\m-t®-cn Fs‚ kvac-W-bn¬ 1960Ifn¬ Rm≥ Fd-Wm-Ipfw sa{X-mt∏m-eoØ am¿ tPmk^v ]mtd-°m-´n¬ Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS sk{I-´-dnbpw AXn-cq-]Xm Nm≥k-e-dp-ambn tkh\w sNøp-Ibm-bn-cp-∂p. A`n-hµy ]nXm-hns\ kµ¿in-®n-cp∂ ]e al-Øp-°-sfbpw Rm≥ kvacn-°p-∂p. Ah-cn¬ ]ecpw t]sc-SpØ Fgp-Øp-Im-cm-bn-cp-∂p. hnZzm≥ Fw. H. Ah-cm, {ioaXn B\n Xøn¬, ^m. Bt_¬ kn. Fw. sF, sPbnwk,v sI. kn. aWn-a-e, sjh. hn. kn. tPm¿÷v, s{]m^. amXyp De-Iw-Xd, tPmk^v ssIam-]-d-º≥, s{]m^. sI. Fw. Xc-I≥, s{]m^. ]n. kn. tZh-kym, tUm. Fw. hn. ss]en, kn. sI. a‰w XpS-ßn-b-h¿ Ah-cn¬ s]´n-cp-∂-Xmbn Hm¿°p-∂p. s{]m^. tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®cn Hcp Znhkw Xs‚ {]kn-≤-amb cN-\-bp-ambn ˛ sk‚ v tXmakv F≥ssk-t¢m-]o-Un-bbp-ambn ˛ A`n-hµy ]nXm-hns\ kµ¿in® kµ¿`w Ahn-kva-c-Wo-b-am-Wv. kXy-Zo]w hmcn-I-bpsS apJy-]-{Xm-[n-]-cmbn tkh\w sNbvXo-´p≈ ]mtd-°m-´n¬ ]nXm-hn\v B kµ¿`w F¥p-am{Xw BÀmZ-hpw kwXr-]vXnbpw {]Zm\wsNbvXp-sh∂p C∂pw Rm≥ kvacn-°p-I-bm-Wv. s]mXpth Fgp-Øp-Im-tcmSpw {]kw-K-I-tcmSpw [ym\-Kp-cp-°-∑m-tcmSpw a‰pw kvt\l-_-lp-am-\-߃ ]pe¿Øn-bn-cp∂ A`n-hµy ]nXmhv I¿±n-\mƒ ÿm\tØ-bv°v Db¿Ø-s∏-´-t∏mƒ s{]m^. ta\m-t®cn Hcp sk‰p {KŸ-ß-fp-ambn ]nXm-hns\ kµ¿in-®p kulrZw ]pe¿Ønb kµ¿`w Ahn-kva-c-Wo-b-am-Wv. A`n-hµy ]nXm-hns\ kµ¿in-°m\pw kulrZw ]pe¿Øm\pw Ac-a\bn¬ - h∂n-cp∂ s{]m^. ta\m-t®-cn-bp-am-bn, ]nXm-hns‚ Zo¿L-Imesk{I-´-dn-sb∂ \ne-bn¬ tkh\wsNbvXn-cp∂ F\n°pw kvt\l-_‘w ]pe¿Øm≥ Ah-kcw e`n-®n-´p≠v. F\n°p s{]m^. ta\m-t®-cn-tbm-Spw, At±-l-Øn\pv Ft∂mSpw kvt\lhpw _lp-am-\hpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Xs‚ hnin-jvS-amb k`m-tk-h-\-߃°p≈ AwKo-Im-c-ambn sjh-en-b¿ F∂ t]∏¬ _lp-aXn e`n-®n-cn-°p∂ s{]m^. ta\m-t®-cn-bpsS k]vX-Xn-bmtLm-j-߃ hnP-bn-°p-am-dm-Is´ F∂p Rm≥ Biw-kn-°p-∂p, AXn-\mbn {]m¿∞n-°p-∂p. 136 s{]m^. tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®cn ˛ Nne IpSpw_m\p-`-h-°p-dn-∏p-Iƒ hn. Pn. h¿§okv {io tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®cnbpambn _‘-s∏-´n-´p≈ Nne A\p-`-h-߃ / kvac-W-Iƒ At±-l-Øns‚ `mcym-k-tlm-Z-c≥ F∂ \nebv°v At±-lØns‚ k]vXXn BtLm-jn-°p∂ Cu thf-bn¬ ]¶p-hbv-°p-∂Xv DNnX-am-bn-cn°pw F∂p Icp-X-s´. 1966 HIvtSm-_¿ 19-˛mw Xnb-Xn-bm-bn-cp∂p {io tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®-cnbpw Fs‚ s]߃ taKn-t®-®nbpw XΩn-ep≈ hnhm-lw. Afn-b≥ A∂v Xriq¿ sk‚ v tXmakv tImsf-Pn¬ Cw•ojv eIvNd¿ Bbn-cp-∂p. taKnt®®n Acn-ºq¿ sk‚ v PΩmkv tIm¨sh‚ v kvIqfn¬ A≤ym-]n-I-bpw. hnhm-l-Øn\p apºp-Xs∂ taKn-t®®n A≤ym-]nItPmen cmPn-sh-®n-cp∂p. Rß-fpsS, AXm-bXv hmg-∏n≈n Xd-hm-´p-Im-cpsS, kz¥-sa∂v hntijn-∏n-°m-hp-∂, Xriq-cn¬\n∂pw GI-tZiw 50 In. ao. AIsebp≈ Xosc Ahn-I-knX{Kma-amb ]pØ≥th-en-°-c-bn¬ DÆn-an-inlm ]≈n-bn-em-bncp∂p hnhml®S-ßp-Iƒ. Fs‚ ]nXmhv hn. ]n. tPm¿÷v A∂v Xriq¿ U]yq´n If-IvS-dm-bn-cp∂p. Fs‚ tPyjvT-k-tlm-Zc≥ t]mfn sk‚ v tXmakv tImsf-Pn¬ {]oUn{Kn-°pw, Rm≥ sk‚ v tXmakv sslkvIq-fn¬ 8˛mw ¢mkn-epw, Fs‚ A\p-P≥ tPmbn 3˛mw ¢mknepw Bbn-cp∂p ]Tn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. RßfpsS G‰hpw aqØ ktlm-Zcn X¶-Ω-t®®n At∏m-sgbv°pw tlmfn ^manen k\ym- k n\okaq- l - Ø n¬ tN¿∂v knÿ tPm¨ ^nj¿ Bbn°gn-™n-cp-∂p. Hcp tImsfPv A≤ym-]-I≥ F∂ \ne-bnepw thjhn-[m-\-Øn¬ {]tXyIw {i≤n-®n-cp∂ Bƒ F∂ \ne-bnepw tIm´pw kq´pw [cn®v hnhm-l-Øn\v Afn-b≥ FØp-sa-∂m-bn-cp∂p ]pØ≥then-°c \m´p-Imcpw ho´p-Imcpw {]Xo-£n-®n-cp-∂-Xv. F∂m¬, Rß-fpsS {]Xo-£-I-sf-sb√mw Aÿm-\-Øm°n, Afn-b≥ sh≈ ap≠pw sh≈ j¿´pw [cn-®p-sIm-≠m-bn-cp∂p hnhm-l-Øn\v FØn-b-Xv. Fs‚ ]nXrk-tlm-Z-c\pw Xriq¿ cq]-X-bpsS A∂sØ hnImcn P\-dm-fp-am-bn-cp∂ 137 k°-dn-bm-k-v hmg-∏n-≈nb®s‚ apJy-Im¿Ωn-I-Xz-Ønepw Xd-hm-´n¬s∏´ a‰-t\Iw sshZn-I-cpsS kl-Im¿Ωn-I-Xz-Ønepw Bbn-cp∂p hnhm-l-ip{iq-j. hnhm-l-®-S-ßp-Iƒ°p-tijw D®-Xn-cn™v \S∂ Im∏n-k¬°m-cth-f-bnepw A∂p cm{Xn-bnepw s]bvX i‡-amb ag Fs‚ a\- ns\ Gsd Atem-k-c-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cp-∂p. hnhm-lØn-\p-tijw GXm≠v Hcm-gvNbv°p-≈n¬ R߃ A∂p Xmakn-®n-cp∂ Aø-t¥mƒ knhn¬ sse≥ Izm¿t´gvkv Imº-kn¬ D≈ Hm^otkgv k v ¢_n¬ Afn- b \pw s]߃°pw {]uV- K w- ` o- c - a mb Hcp hnhmlkzoI-cWw Hcp-°n-bn-cp-∂p. Pn√m `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-Ifn¬ an°-hcpw ]s¶-Sp-Øn-cp∂ B NS-ßn¬ Afn-bs‚ Cw•o-jn-ep≈ at\m-l-c-amb adp-]Sn{]kwKw A`n-am-\-]q¿∆w tI´n-cp-∂Xv Rm≥ Ct∏mgpw Hm¿°p∂p. Afn-bs‚ AΩhoSmb Im´q¿ ]me-Øn-¶¬ Xd-hm-´p-Ipf-Øn¬ hncn™ Xma-c-∏q-°ƒ Afn-b-t\m-sSm∏w Rß-sf-√m-hcpw IqSn ]dn®p sIm≠p-h∂v ¢∫nse kzoI-c-W-tbm-K-Øn¬ tai-ta¬ ^vfh¿ thkn¬ sh®n-cp-∂Xv IuXp-I-]q¿∆w Rm≥ Hm¿°p-I-bm-Wv. hnhm-l-Øn-\p-tijw hncp-∂nt\m at‰m s]ßfpw Afn-b\pw Rßsf- √ m- h cpw IqSn Imdn¬ Xriq- c n¬\n∂pw ]pØ≥th- e n- ° scbv ° v t]mIp∂ hgn-bn¬ Bfq-cn¬sh®v Hcp ssk°nƒbm{X-°m-c≥ tdmUn¬ hoWXpw (Rß-fpsS Im¿ X´n-bn-´√) DS≥Xs∂ Afn-b≥ Im¿ \n¿Øn®v Imdn¬\n∂n-dßn B bm{X-°m-cs\ H‰bv°v Xmßn-sb-SpØv ASp-Øp-Xs∂-bp≈ ss{]adn sl¬Øv sk‚-dn¬ FØn-®Xv C∂pw Fs‚ kPoh kvac-W-bn¬ D≠v. hnhmlw Ign™v Ht∂m ct≠m amk-߃°p-≈n¬ B-sW∂p tXm∂p-∂p, Hcn-°¬ Afn-b\pw taKn-t®-®nbpw R߃ \mep ktlm-Z-c∑mcpw Hcp-an-®n-cp∂ thf-bn¬ taKn-t®®n, Rß-tfmSv apºp kwkm-cn-®ncp∂ ]Xn-hp-ssi-en-bn¬, Ipkr-Xn-bn¬ Afn-b-t\mSv kwkm-cn-°m-\n-S-bmbXpw DS≥Xs∂ Afn-b≥ taKn-t®-®n-bpsS ssI ]n-Sn®v apdn-bn¬ sIm≠pt]mbn, hmXneS®v iIm-cn-®Xpw Hm¿Ω-bn¬ Xßn-\n¬°p-∂p. AJn-te¥y{]i-kvXamb Nmt°mf ^pSvt_mƒ t{Sm^n-bpsS kwLmS-Icn¬ {]ap-J\pw Bbp-jv°me AwK-hp-am-bn-cp∂ Afn-b≥ ^pSvt_mƒ a’-c-ß-fpsS dÆnwKv Ia‚dn AXn-a-t\m-l-c-ambn Ah-X-cn-∏n-®n-cp-∂Xv R߃ tdUn-tbm-bn¬°qSn D’m-l-]q¿∆w tI´n-´p-≠v. Bbp-jv°me AwK-sa∂ \ne-bn¬ Afn-b\p e`n-®n-cp∂ sNb¿ kok≥ Sn°‰v F√m h¿jhpw R߃°p X∂n-cp-∂Xpw R߃ AXp]-tbm-Kn®v amdn amdn Ifn I≠n-cp-∂Xpw kt¥m-j-]q¿∆w Hm¿°p-∂p. ^pSvt_mƒ Ifn-bn¬ Iºw D≠m-Ip-∂-Xn\pw ^pSvt_mƒ Ifn-°p-∂-Xn\pw R߃ \mep ktlm-Z-c¿°pw AXv DtØ-P\w \¬In F∂Xv hmkvX-h-am-Wv. 138 h¿j-߃°p- tijw 1976 ¬ Rm≥ kuØv C¥y≥ _m¶ns‚ CutdmUv imJ-bn¬ s{Sbn\n Hm^n-k-dmbn tPmen t\m°p∂ thf-bn¬ Afn-b\pw taKn-t®-®nbpw CutdmUn¬ h∂Xv Hm¿°p-Ibm-Wv. sdbn¬th tÃj-\n¬\n∂pw Hcp IpXn-c-h-≠n-bn-em-bn-cp∂p Ah¿ _m¶n¬ h∂-Xv. A∂v {_m©n¬ tPmen sNbvXn-cp-∂hcn¬ `qcn-`m-Khpw s{Sbn-\okv Bbn- cp∂p. Ah- s c- √ m- h cpw Xriq¿ sk‚ v tXmakv tImsf- P nse ]q¿∆hnZym¿∞n-I-ƒ B-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂Xpv Ah¿°v Afn-b-\p-ambn ]cnNbw ]pXp-°p-hm-\p≈ Hcp Imc-W-am-bn-Øo¿∂p. Cutdm-Unse kn. Fkv. sF ]≈n ImWp-hm≥ CS-bmb Afn-b≥ B ]≈n°v ap…ow ]≈n(tam-kv°v) bp-am-bp≈ kmZriyw \nan-Øw, DS≥Xs∂ Hcp t^mt´m-{Km^sd hnfn-®p-h-cpØn, ]≈n-bpsS hnhn[ t^mt´mIƒ FSp-ØXpw Fs‚ Hm¿Ω-bn¬ Xßn\n¬°p-∂p. B Nn{X-߃ ]n∂oSv {]kn-≤o-Ir-X-amb sk‚ v tXmakv F≥ssk-t¢m-]o-Unbbn¬ ÿm\w ]nSn-®n-´p-≠v. 1993 ¬ Fs‚ ]nXm-hv \ncym-X-\m-bn. DS-\-Sn- Hcp IpSpw-_-°-√-dbpsS Bh-iy-w R-ßsf t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Øm\pw Bb-Xn-tebv°v Xs‚ Hmlcn Xcp-hm\pw Afn-b≥ ImWn® D’mlw C∂pw Fs‚ a\- n-ep≠v. Rß-fpsS ]nXr-ktlm-Zc\mb tam¨. k°-dn-bmkv hmg-∏n≈n A®- t\mSv Afn-b\v Hcp {]tXyI {]Xn-]Øn D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. 1989 ¬ k°-dnbm-k-®≥ ]c-tem-I-{]m-]vX-\m-bn. At±l-Øns‚ kvac-W-Iƒ hcpwXeap-dbv°v shfn-®ta-Im≥ D]-Icn-°p∂ Hcp {KŸw “tam¨kn-t™m¿ hmg∏n≈n” Afn-b≥ FUn‰psNbvXv MMB bpsS kl-IcWtØm-sS, {]kn- - ≤o-I-cn-®p F∂Xv {]kvXm-h-tbm-Ky-am-Wv. hnhm-l-Øn-\p- apsº ]pkvX-I-ß-fp-ambn Afn-b-\p-≠m-bn-cp∂ At`Zy-_‘w hnhm-l-ti-jhpw A\p-kyqXw XpS¿∂n-cp-∂p. tImsf-Pnse a‰-≤ym-]-I-cpsS ]¶m-fn-Ø-tØmsS \S-Øn-bn-cp∂ Cu^¬ _pIvkv AXns‚ `mK-am-bn-cp-∂p. ]pkvX-I-c-N-\bpw A®-Snbpw {]Im-i-\hpw FIvkn-_n-j\pw a‰p-ambn Afn-b≥ tIc-f-Øn¬ am{X-a√, C¥y-bnse a‰p `mK-ß-fnepw hntZ-ißfnepw CS-hn-SmsX bm{X\S-Øn-bn-cp-∂-t∏mƒ a°-sfbpw IpSpw-_Im-cy-ßfpw t\m°n Afn-b\pv F√m-hn[ ]n¥p-Wbpw t{]m’ml\hpw sImSp-Øn-cp-∂Xv taKn-t®-®n-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Gs‰-SpØv \S-Øn-bn-cp∂ {]ÿm-\ßfpsS em`-\jvS߃ t\m°n-b√ Afn-b≥ Ah- - bn¬ hym]r-X-\m-bn-cp-∂-Xv. X∑qew ]e kwcw-`-ß-fnepw kmº-ØnI \jvSwXs∂ kw`-hn-®n-´p-≠v. IpSpw_ Imcy-ßfn¬ {i≤n-°p-hm≥t]mepw kabw In´msX, ss{IkvXk`bpsS s]mXp Bh-iy-߃°p-th-≠n Xs‚ - - ka-bhpw A≤zm-\hpw kºØpw sNe-h-gn® Afn-b\v ssZhw sImSpØ k]vXXnkΩm-\-amWv sjh-en-b¿ ]Z-hn. hmkvX-h-Øn¬ Cu ]Zhn h¿j-߃°p- ap-ºp-Xs∂ Afn-b\p In´p-sa∂v Rß-sf-√m-hcpw {]Xo139 £n-®n-cp∂p. A¿l-X-bv°p≈ AwKo-Imcw, Ipd-®p-ssh-In-bm-sW-¶nepw e`n-®-Xn¬ kt¥mjw! tIcf / `mcX ss{IkvXhk`-Iƒ°v \¬Inb tkh-\Øn\pw, Ncn{X ]pcm-hkvXp˛Kth-jW˛hnj-b-ß-fn¬ {]I-Sn-∏n® sshZ-Kv[y-Øn\pw ss{IkvX-k-`-bpsS B[n-Im-cn-I-sa∂v hnti-jn-∏n-°m-hp∂ CuSp‰ {KŸß-fpsS cN-bn-Xmhpw {]km-[-I\pw F∂ \ne-bnepw, tZhm-ebinev] imkv{X-⁄-≥ F∂ \ne-bnepw, {io tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®-cn°v Rß-fpsS Hmtcm IpSpw-_mw-K-ß-fp-sSbpw t]cn¬ lrZbw \nd™ Biw-k-Iƒ A¿∏n-°p-∂-tXm-sSm∏w Zo¿L-Imew Cu cwK-ß-fn-se√mw IqSp-X¬ am‰v sXfn-bn®v apt∂-ds´ F∂v ssZh-tØmSv {]m¿∞n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Basil Davis, New Orleans, USA Congratulations on your elevation to the order of Gregory the Great! This is indeed a well deserved and signal honor for one who had tirelessly and humbly worked for the propagation of the truth about South Indian Christianity. I wish you the very best on your anniversary celebrations. Unfortunately, I will not be able to come in April. I am coming in May, since that is the only time I am free from my work here in New Orleans. 140 s{]m^. tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®-cntPm¨ I®nda‰w eLpPohNcn{Xw ‘Z sk‚ v tXmakv {InkvXy≥ F≥ssk-t¢m-]o-Unb Hm^v C¥y’, ‘C¥y≥ N¿®v lnÃdn ¢mknIvkv’ F∂o _rlXv{KŸ-ß-fn-eqsS `mcX-ss{I-kvXh Ncn-{Xhpw kmwkv°mcnI ss]Xr-Ihpw temI-sØ-ßp-saØn® {]ikvX kmwkv°m-cnI Ncn-{X-K-th-j-I-\mb s{]m^. tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®cn 1938 G{]n¬ c≠n\v H√q¿ Fcn-t™cn (ta-\m-t®-cn) sIm®utk^v Ipt™Øn Zº-Xn-IfpsS Bdm-asØ k¥m-\ambn P\n-®p. H√q¿ k¿°m¿ sslkvIqƒ, Im´q¿ t]mws] sk‚ v tacokv kvIqƒ F∂n-hn-Sß-fn¬ ]Tn®v sslkvIqƒ hnZym-`ymkw ]q¿Øn-bm-°n. Xr»n-\m-∏n≈n sk‚ v tPmk^vk,v tImsf-Pv, Xriq¿ sk‚ v tXmakv tImsfPv, Xncp-h-\¥-]pcw bqWn-th-gvkn‰n tImsfPv F∂n-hn-S-ß-fn¬ ]Tn®v _n. G., Fw. G. Un{Kn-Iƒ Ic-ÿ-am-°n. XpS¿∂v Xriq¿ sk‚ v tXmakv tImsfPn¬ Cw•ojv eIvN-d-dmbn tPmen-bn¬ {]th-in-®p. tIc-f-k¿∆-I-em-im-e-bn¬ ]n. FNv. Unbv°v Ncn{XØn¬ cPn-ÿ sNbvsX-¶nepw ssKUv tUm. am¿Øm-fi-h¿Ω-bpsS \ncym-W-sØ-Øp-S¿∂v Xokn v ]q¿Øn-bm-°nbn-√. Ct∏mƒ _mw•q¿ [¿Ωmcmw hnZym-t£-{X-Øn¬ Hcp tUmIvS-d¬ kvtImf-dm-Wv. ]q\m C≥Ãn-‰yq‰v Hm^v tkmjy¬ kb≥kn¬\n∂pw 1957 ¬ Untπm-abpw e`n-®p. thƒUv Akwªn Hm^v bqØns‚ ]cn-io-e\w (A-tem-I, ssakq¿ 1963). hnZym-`ym-kw, Ncn-{Xw, kwkv°m-cw, ssZh-imkv{Xw, kmaq-ly-im-kv{Xw, -I-ºyq-´¿, C‚¿s\-‰v, sF.-Sn., B¿´v, B¿°nsS-IvN¿ F∂n-ß-s\-bp≈ hnhn[ hnj-b-ß-fn¬ Hu]-Nm-cn-Ihpw A\u]-Nm-cn-I-hp-amb hnZym-`ymkw t\Sn. AXp-t]m-se-Øs∂ a‰-\-h[n ]T-\]-≤-Xn-Iƒ Bcw-`n-°p-Ibpw NneXv ]q¿Øn-bm-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. F√mhn-j-b-ß-fnepw Adnhv kºm-Zn-°-W-sa∂ Xo{hamb A`n-em-jhpw Adnhp-Iƒ a‰p-≈h¿°v ]I¿∂p \¬Im-\p≈ A`n-hm-©bpw ta\m-t®-cn-bpsS {]tXy-I-X-I-fm-bn-cp-∂p. Xriq¿ sk‚ v tXmakv tImsfPn¬ eIvN-d-dmbpw s{]m^- -dmbpw 141 aq∂p-Z-im-_vZ-°mew tkh\w A\p-jvTn-®p. c≠p-]-Xn-‰m-≠p-Imew _ncpZm-\-¥-c-hn-Zym¿∞n-Isf ]Tn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. 1992 ¬ Kth-j-WØn\pw {]kn-≤o-I-c-W-Øn-\p-ambn kzbw hnc-an-°p-∂-Xp-hsc ]n. Pn. s{]m^-kdpw hIp∏v Xe-h-\p-am-bn-cp-∂p. imkv{Xo-b-ambn ]Tn-∏n-®m¬ {]nUn-{Kn°pw Fw. G. bv°pw F√m hnZym¿∞n-I-sfbpw Pbn-∏n-°m\pw Db¿∂ ¢mkp-Iƒ t\Sn-s°m-Sp-°m\pw Ign-bp-sa-∂- Xs‚ “s]‰v Xnbdn” ]co-£n®v t\m°p-∂Xn\pw AXn¬ hnP-bn-°p-hm\pw At±-lØn\v km[n®p. 1984 apX¬ awK-e-∏pg s]m¥n-^n-°¬ skan-\m-cn-bnepw a‰p-Nne Xntbm-fPn skan-\m-cn-I-fnepw hnkn-‰nwKv s{]m^-k-dm-Wv. C¥y-bn¬ CZw-{]-Y-a-ambn Xriq-cmWv Hcp A¬amb t\XrXz ]cnio-e\tI{µw Bcw-`n-®-Xv. XpS°w apX¬ Ct∂mfw AXns‚ Ub-d-IvSdmWv ta\m-t®-cn. ]e \qX\ ]cn-io-\-]-T-\-]-≤-Xn-Ifpw Bkq-{XWw sNbvXv \S-∏m-°n-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. 1965˛-67¬ C¥y-bnse apgp-h≥ ss{Ikv X h tImsf- P p- I - s fbpw Ata- c n- ° - b n¬\n- ∂ p≈ tUm. Un°n≥ks‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ ]T-\-hn-t[-b-am-°n-b-t∏mƒ dnk¿®v Hm^ok-dmbn kl-Icn-°p-hm\pw hnhn[ kwÿm-\ßfnse hnZym-`ymk ÿm]- \-ßsf ASp-Ødn-bphm\pw \nco-£n-°p-hm\pw Ah-kcw e`n-®p. \yqam≥ Atkm-kn-tb-j≥ Hm^v C¥y-bpsS tZiob sshkv {]kn-U‚mbpw ta\mt®cn Zo¿L-Imew {]h¿Øn-®p. Atkm-kn-tb-js‚ Nmπn≥ P\-d-embn-cp∂ ^m. _te-Kdp-ambn CS-]gIm\pw `mc-XØn-etßm-fan-tßm-fap≈ - \nc-h[n tImsf-Pp-Iƒ kµ¿in-°p-hm\pw CXp-aqew km[n-®p. C¥ybnse hnhn[ kwkv ° m- c - ß fpw k`- I - f p- a m- b p≈ Cu _‘- ß ƒ {InkvXy≥ F≥ssk-t¢m-]o-UnbbpsS \n¿Ωn-Xnbv°v ta\m-t®-cn°v klmb-I-am-bn. 1965 ¬ kl A≤y-]-I-cp-ambn tN¿∂v sF^¬ _pIvkv F∂ {]kn-≤o-IcW˛hn-ev]\ime Bcw`n®Xv HSp-hn¬ kz¥-ambn Gs‰- - - - SpØv \S-tØ-≠n-h-∂p. 1967¬ `mc-Xob kmln-Xy-k-anXn Bcw-`n-®p. 1968 ¬ tIc-f-Ønse {]K-¤-cmb Fgp-Øp-Im-cpsS 35 IrXn-Iƒ H∂n®v {]kn-≤o-I-cn®v XpO-amb hnebv°v km[m-c-W-°m-cn-se-Øn-°m≥ `mcXo-b-km-ln-Xy-k-anXn {iaw \S-Øn. AXv kmº-Øn-I-ambn ]cm-P-b-s∏Sp-I-bmWv sNbvX-Xv. ta\m-t®cn sNdp-∏w-ap-Xte hmb-\-bn¬ Xev]-c-\m-bn-cp-∂p. AΩ ho´n¬ Xma-kn-®mWv _mey-Im-e-hn-Zym-`ymkw \n¿∆-ln-®-Xv. a‰p-Ip-´n-Ifp-ambn Ifn-°p-∂-Xns\m Iq´p-Iq-Sp-∂-Xnt\m A∂v A\p-h-Z-®n-cp-∂n-√. ho´n¬ D≠m-bn-cp∂ Bbn-c-tØmfw ]pkvX-I-ß-f-S-ßnb sse{_-dnbpw amkn-I-I-fp-sa√mw hmb-\bv°v {]tNm-Z\w \¬In. ]pXr-Kr-l-Ønepw [mcmfw ]pkvX-I-ßfpw lnµp XpS-ßnb ]{X-ßfpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. {]tXyIn®v [mcmfw Cw•ojv ]pkvX-I-ßfpw. CsX√mw hmbn®p hfcm≥ km[n-®Xv alm-`m-Ky-am-bmWv ta\m-t®cn C∂p ImWp-∂-Xv. Xr»n142 \m-∏n≈n tImsf-Pn¬ ]Tn-®n-cp∂ \mep-h¿jhpw d^-d≥kv sse{_dn icn°pw {]tbm-P\s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibp-≠m-bn. {^©pw lnµn-bp-sams° c≠mw- `m- j - b mbn FSp- Ø m¬ Db¿∂ am¿°p e`n- ° p- a m- b n- c p- ∂ p. AXp t\m°msX ae-bm-f-`mj F∂pw c≠mw-`m-j-bmbn FSpØv ]Tn-°p-I-bmWp-≠m-b-Xv. A©mw-¢m-kp-ap-X¬ _ncpZw t\Sp-∂-Xp-hsc F√m ¢mkpI-fnepw Hcp ssIsb-gp-Øp-am-kn-I-sbm, dn´¨ BgvN-∏-Xn-s∏m, A®-Sn® amkn-Isbm kz¥w ]{Xm-[n-]Xy-Øn¬ {]kn-≤o-Icn-®n-cp-∂p. hnZym¿∞nbm-bn-cp-∂-t∏mƒXs∂ B\p-Im-en-I-ß-fnepw Zn\-]-{X-ß-fnepw Cw•ojnepw ae-bm-fØnepw [mcmfw teJ-\߃ Fgp-Xn-bn-cp-∂p. _n. G.bv°p ]Tn-°p-tºmƒ A®-Sn®v {]kn-≤o-I-cn-®n-cp∂ Ham Sick amkn-I-bn¬ tIcf-Ønse {]ap-J-cmb Fgp-Øp-Im¿ Fgp-Xn-bn-cp-∂p. tIcf t{ImWn-°nƒ F∂ Cw•ojv ]{X-Øn¬ tImf-an-Ãmbn. 1978 apX¬ ae-bmfw FIvk-{] n¬ XpS¿®-bmbn teJ-\-߃ Fgp-Xn. Fw. Sn. bpsS ImeØv amXr`qan BgvN-∏-Xn-∏n¬ {]kn-≤o-I-cn® ]≈n-I-fnse Ie F∂ kpZo¿L-teJ\ ]c-ºc tIc-f-Øn-e-tßm-f-an-tßmfw F√m-h-cp-sSbpw {]iw-k°v A¿l-am-bn. 1975 apX¬ Bƒ C¥ym tdUn-tbm, hØn-°m≥ tdUn-tbm, a‰p ]m›mXy tdUntbm \ne-b-߃ Ch-bn-eqsS \nc-h[n {]`m-j-W߃ \S-Øp-I-bp-≠m-bn. {_n´o-jv, Ata-cn-°≥, P¿Ω≥, C¥y≥, Sn. hn. Nm\-ep-I-fn¬ \nc-h[n ]cn]mSnIƒ Ah-X-cn-∏n-®n-´p-≠v. \thm-Zbm A∏®s‚ U¬ln Zq¿Z¿i-\n¬\n-∂p≈ “ss__nƒ Io Ilm-\nbmw” F∂ tZiob ]c-º-c-bn¬ Kth-j-Ww, t{]m∏¿´n Chbv°v Np°m≥ ]nSn-®p. B¿´v & B¿°n-sS-IvN¿ (Cw-•o-jnepw ae-bm-f-Øn-epw), Gg-c-∏-≈n-Iƒ, “A¬t^m≥kmΩ” XpSßn \nc-h[n tUm°p-sa‚-dn-Iƒ°v kv{In]v‰pw t\Xr-Xzhpw \¬In. am¿]m∏m sXc-s™-Sp-∏p-Iƒ, tPm¨ t]mƒ c≠mas‚ ac-Ww, aZ¿ sXtc-km-bpsS _nbm-‰n-^n-t°-j≥ F∂n-ß-s\-bp≈ \nc-h[n ImenI {]m[m-\y-ap≈ hnj-b-ßsf kw_-‘n®v Sn.-hn. ]cn-]mSn-I-fn¬ ]s¶-Sp-Øn-´p-≠v. ZpIvdm-\, {InkvXy≥ Hmdn-b‚ v F∂o {]kn-≤o-Icn-WßfpsS ÿm]I - ]{Xm-[n-]-k-an-Xn-bn¬ ta\m-t®cn AwK-am-bn-cp-∂p. tP¿W¬ Hm^v skt¥m- a kv {Inkv X y≥kv ]{Xm- [ n- ] - k - a n- X n- b w- K - a m- b ta\m- t ®cn hnZym¿∞n-bm-bn-cns° sk‚ v tXmakv tImsfPv amK-kn≥ ]{Xm-[n-]-kan-Xn-bw-Kambpw tIcf kmlnXy A°m-Zan-bpsS ae-bmfw en‰-ddn k¿t∆bpsS Nn^v FUn-‰-dmbpw {]h¿Øn-®p. am¿]m∏m kµ¿i-\-kva-c-Wn-I-bpƒ∏sS Hcp Uk-t\mfw kvac-Wn-IIfpsS No^v FUn-‰tdm, kl-]-{Xm-[n-]tcm Bbn {]h¿Øn® ta\m-t®cn, 1978 se am¿]m∏m Xnc-s™-Sp-∏n\v hØn-°m≥ A{I-Un-t‰-j≥ e`n® GI C¥y≥ ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-I-\m-bn-cp-∂p. temI-sa-ºm-Sp-ap≈ Bbn-cØn A™qdv ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-I-cn¬ Adp-]-Xp-t]¿°p am{Xsa tIm¨t¢hv 143 Gcnbm kµ¿in-°m≥ A\p-hmZw sImSp-Øp-≈p. AXn¬ Hcm-fm-bncp∂p ta\m-t®-cn. tIm¨t¢-hn-te°v I¿±n-\m-f-∑m¿ {]th-in-°p-∂-Xn\p {]mcw-`-am-bp≈ amkv t^m¿ Z Ce-£≥ Hm^v Zn t]m∏v Ih¿ sNøm≥ A\p-h-Zn-°-s∏´ ]Xn-\mev {] v t^mt´m-{Km-^¿am-cnepw s{]m^. ta\mt®cn Dƒs∏-´n-cp-∂p. am¿]m-∏-bmbn Xnc-s™-Sp-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn\p sXm´papºv tPm¨t]mƒ c≠m-as‚ t^mt´m FSp-°m≥ Ign-™Xpw s{]m^k¿°p am{X-am-bn-cp-∂p. Xnc-s™-Sp∏v Ign™ DSs\ am¿∏m-∏-tbmSv kwkm-cn-°m≥ e`n® A]q¿∆ Ah-kcw s{]m^-k¿ C∂pw a\- n¬ Xmev]-cy-]q¿∆w kq£n-°p-∂p. sIm√sØ tIcf {] v k¿∆o-kns‚ tdmhnwKv FUn-‰¿ F∂ \nebn¬ cmP-tKm-]m-em-Nmcn XpS-ßn-b-hsc C‚¿hyq sNøm\pw ta\m-t®cn°v Ah-kcw e`n-®n-´p-≠v. tImsfPv bqWn-b≥ P\-d¬ sk{I-´-dn-bmbn-cp∂ ImeØv tI{µ-a-{¥n-am-scbpw tZiob t\Xm°-sfbpw (DZm: kptNXm Ir]em\n, BNmcy Ir]em\n, AtimI taØ, Sn. Sn. IrjvW≥) tImsf-Pn¬ £Wn®v ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ \S-Øm\pw km[n-®n-´p≠v. 1969 ¬ XpS°w Ipdn® k`m-N-cn-{X-˛-kmw-kv°m-cnI cwKsØ Kthj-W-ßfpw ]T-\-ßfpw sk‚ v tXmakv {InkvXy≥ F≥ssk-t¢m-]o-Unbm-bpsS hmeyß-fmbn ]pd-Øp-h-∂p. C¥y-bv°-IØpw ]pd-Øp-ap≈ Adp-\q-tdmfw ]fin-X-∑m-cpsS klm-b-tØmsS F≥ssk-t¢m-]o-Un-bmbpsS H∂pw c≠pw hmey-߃ shfn®w I≠p. AXnse Fgp-Øp-Imcn¬ ap∏-Xn-tesd t]¿ ]n∂oSv sshZnI tae-≤y-£-∑m-cmbn Xo¿∂p-sh∂Xv Hcp kt¥mj{]Zam-Wv. k`m-N-cn-{Xhpw kwkv°m-chpw AtXmsSm∏w tIcf `mcX kwkv°m-c-ßfpw IqSp-X¬ {i≤-tbmsS ]Tn-°m≥ ]e ]fin-X-∑m¿°pw Kth-jW hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ°pw kwL-S-\-Iƒ°pw {]tNm-Z-\-am-bn. C¥y≥ N¿®v lnÃdn ¢mkn-°vkns‚ {]Ya hmeyamb \{km-Wokpw F≥ssk-t¢m-]o-Un-bm-bpsS tIc-fhm-ey-Øns‚ hn]pen-Icn® ]Xn-∏mb tXmam-]o-Un-bbpw temI-sa-ºm-Sp-ap≈ ]fin-XtemIw Xmev]-cy-]q¿∆w hc-th-‰p. 1990 ¬ {]h¿Ø\w XpS-ßnb Ggp hmey-ßfp≈ Bbp¿t∆Z F≥ssk-t¢m-]o-Un-b Hm^v C¥y-bpsS {]ko-≤o-IcWw \S-Øm≥ km[n-®n-´n-√. Zo]nI {InkvXy≥ Ub-d-IvS-dn-bpsS {]kn≤o-I-c-W-Ønepw ta\m-t®cn \√ ]¶p hln-®n-´p-≠v. ]≈n-°-e-Ifpw a‰pw (1984) sImSp-ß-√q¿ kn‰n Hm^v sk‚ v tXmakv (1987) ssUhp¨≠¿_msd sPIkvsX sU¿ \{km-Wokv HU¿ ae_m¿ {InkvXy≥ thm¨ slbven-K≥ tSmakv (1994 P¿Ω≥ `mj-bn¬) sImSp-ß√p¿ {ImUn¬ Hm^v {InkvXym-\n‰n C≥ C¥y (2000) •ow]vkkv Hm^v \{kmWn sldn-t‰Pv (2005) ]mXn-cmbv°v Hcp Cd-ßn-t∏m°v (2005) XpS-ßnbh ta\m-t®-cn-bpsS a‰p IrXn-I-fm-Wv. tIcfmKh¨sa‚ v B¿°n-tbm-fPn-°¬ AssUz-kdn t_m¿Uv (1975 144 ˛ 1982) tIcf lnÃdn Atkm-kn-tb-j≥ FIvkn-Iyq-‰nhv IΩn-‰n-bwKw (1974 ˛ 1984) tIcf kmlnXy A°m-Zan FIvkn-Iyq-´nhv AwKw (1982˛1984) \mj-W¬ sshkv {]kn-U‚ v \yqa≥ Atkm-kn-tb-j≥ Hm^v C¥y (1964˛1972) Imen-°‰v bqWn-th-gvkn‰n sk\‰v AwKw (1980˛1984) Imen°‰v bqWn-th-gvkn‰n Ãm‰yq-‰dn ^n\m≥kv IΩn‰n AwKw (1981˛1985) Xriq¿ AXn-cq-]X ]mÃ-d¬ Iu¨kn¬ AwKw (1978˛2008) Xriq¿ Iem-k-Z≥ {]kn-U‚ v (1985˛1993) Xriq¿ klr-Z-b- thZn ÿm]-I- sa-º¿, Xriq¿ {InkvXy≥ Iƒ®-d¬ ayqknbw Iyqtd-‰¿ Ub-d-IvS¿ (1980 apX¬) \yqankvam-‰nIv skmssk‰n Hm^v kuØv C¥y sse^v saº¿, \yqan-kvam‰nIv skmssk‰n Hm^v Xan-gv\mSv saº¿, N¿®v lnÃdn Atkm-kn-tbj≥ Hm^v C¥y sshkv {]kn-U‚ v, sse^v saº¿ F¬. Fkv. ]n.- F v. F v. Bbp¿t∆Z tImb-º-Øq¿, H√q¿ sF. sF. ‰n. ^u≠nwMv kanXnbwKw, Utbm-kn-jy≥ aoVnbm IΩo-j≥ sNb¿am≥, B¿®v Utbm-kn-jy≥ B¿ss°hvkv IΩo-j≥ saº¿, ]me-bq¿ Uh-e-∏vsa‚ v IΩo-j≥ saº¿, ]me-bq¿ ayqknbw Xo¿∞m-\S tI{µw IΩn‰n saº¿, Imen-°‰v bqWn-th-gvkn‰n {InkvXy≥ sNb¿ Kth-WnwKv t_mUn AwKw, tIcf lntÃm- d n- ° ¬ dnk¿®v skmssk‰n ^u≠¿ {]kn- U ‚ v , sk≥kkv t_m¿Uv {]ko-≤o-I-cW hn`mKw FIvkn-Iyq-´ohv IΩn‰n AwKw F∂n-ßs\ hnhn[ \ne-I-fn¬ ta\m-t®cn {]h¿Øn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn°p-∂p. tIc-f-Ønepw tIc-f-Øn\p shfn-bnepw C¥ybv°p shfn-bnepwsh®v \S-Ø-s∏´ \nc-h[n skan-\m-dp-I-fn¬ ta\m-t®cn ]s¶-Sp-Øn-´p-≠v. C∂sØ C¥y-bnse k`m doPn-bW¬ skan-\m¿ (1968) N¿®v C≥ C¥y \mj-W¬ skan-\m¿ _m•q¿ (1969) ]mIvkvsdm-am-\, Ata-cn-°≥ \mjW¬ Ub-dIvtSgvkv \yqtbm¿°v (1972) bp. Fkv. ImØ-enIv Iu¨kn¬, Fkv. s]‰o-j-W¿ ˛ H_vk¿h¿ A‰vem‚m, bp. Fkv. F. (1972) \yqtbm¿°v skan-\m¿ Hm¨ G¿fn {InkvXym-\n‰n (2005) thƒUv tIm¨{^≥kv Hm¨ ss^hv Ub-a≥j-\¬ s]bn‚nwKv tdmw (1978) XpSßn \nc-h[n ktΩ-f\ßfn¬ At±lw {]_‘w Ah-Xcn-∏n-°p-Itbm - - A≤y-£X hln-°p-Itbm sNbvXn-´p-≠v. Ncn-{Xw, kwkv°m-cw, Ie-Iƒ, Iem-hkvXp-°ƒ, hmkvXp-in-ev]w Chbp-ambn _‘-s∏´ Ccp-]Xn-\m-bn-cØn-tesd t^mt´m-Iƒ FSp-°p-Itbm, FSp-∏n-°p-Itbm sNbvXn-´p-≠v. Ah-bn¬ 1300 ¬ Gsd t^mt´m-Iƒ {]kn≤o-I-cn-®n-´p-≠v. C¥y-bpsS Hcp Ncn{X `mjm kwkv°m-cnI A‰vekv Dƒ∏sS \nc-h[n am∏p-Ifpw {Km^p-Ifpw ksI-®p-Ifpw \n¿Ωn-®n-´p-≠v. sNdpXpw hep-Xp-amb \qdn-tesd _n_vfn-tbm-{Km-^n-Ifpw ssSwe\pIfpw t{ImtWm-fPn-Ifpw \qX-\hpw hyXy-kvX-hp-amb tXmam-]o-Vnb C≥UIvkp-Iƒ Dƒ∏sS \nc-h[n C≥U-Ivkp-Ifpw cq]-I-ev]\ sNbvXv 145 \n¿Ωn®v {]kn-≤o-I-cn-®p. 1992 apX¬ Iºyq-´-dp-Iƒ D]-tbm-Kn-°m≥ XpSßn. 1998 apX¬ \nc-h[n sh_vssk-‰p-Iƒ Unssk≥ sNbvXv tlmÃv sNbvXn-´p-≠v. {]n‚ v Ce-Ivt{Sm-WnIv aoUn-b-Iƒ°p-]p-dsa Xs‚ Bi-b-ßfpw BZ¿i-ßfpw {]N-cn-∏n-°p-hm≥ 1966 apX¬ A¥¿cmjv{S `mK-`m-Kn-Øap≈ ]pkvX {]Z¿i\ßfpw 1971 apX¬ t^mt´m-{Km-^p-I-fpsS {]Z¿i-\ßfpw 1977 apX¬ Ncn{X kmw-kv°mcnI˛ Iem {]Z¿i-\-ßfpw \S-Ønt∏m-cp-∂p. thƒUv Hm^v _pIvkv FIvkn-_n-j-\p-Iƒ, ]t\m-ca Hm^v C¥y≥ {InkvXym-\n‰n FIvkn-_n-j-\p-Iƒ XpS-ßnbh AXn¬ {][m-\ß-fm-Wv. \nc-h[n ayqkn-bßfpsS I¨kƒ´‚ v IqSn-bmWv s{]m^. ta\m- t®-cn. tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®cn ssIh-bv°m-Ø-Xmb imkv{X kmt¶-XnI ˛ kmwkv°m-cnI ˛ kmlnXy cwK-߃ Gsd-bn-s√∂p ]d-bmw. ssIh-®nS-sØ√mw Xs‚ ]mfin-Xyw-sIm≠pw efn-Xhpw hn\o-X-hp-amb s]cp-am‰-co-Xn-sIm≠pw ta[m-i-‡n-sIm≠pw hy‡n-ap{Z ]Xn-∏n-®n-´p-≠v. At±l-Øns‚ _rlvØmb tkh-\߃ IW-°n-se-SpØv \nc-h[n Ahm¿UpIƒ \¬In BZ-cn-°s∏´n´p≠v. ta\m-t®-cn-bpsS {]h¿Ø-\-ßsf BZ-cn-®p-sIm≠v \nc-h[n kwL-S\-Ifpw {]ÿm-\-ßfpw hnhn[ ÿe-ß-fnepw cmPy-ß-fn-epw -sh®v D]lm-c-߃ \¬In-bn-´p-≠v. hnemkw ˛ s{]m^. tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®-cn, H√q¿ ˛ 680 306 146 \µn-bpsS hk-¥-Ip-kp-a-߃ ]pkvXI-®mdv Gsd tam¥n hf¿∂v Adn-hns‚ Bg-°-S-en¬ ]hn-g-∏p-‰p-Ifpw apØp-®n-∏n-Ifpw hmcn-°q-´n-b s{]m^. tPm¿÷v ta\m-t®-cn-bpsS k]vXXn Ncn-{X-t{]-an-Iƒ°pw Iem-Ip-Xp-In-Iƒ°pw hkt¥m-’hw! tIcf k`m-N-cn-{X-Ønepw Iem-kmw-kv°m-cnI ss]Xr-I-ßfnepw hmkvXp-in-ev]-Ønepw ]pcm-hkvXpkvamc-I-ß-fnepw hnkva-bw-sIm≠v hf¿∂v, Ahsb D]cn kº-∂-am-°nb A]q¿∆{]Xn-`m-[\\mb s{]m^. ta\m-t®-cn-bpsS k]vXXn kmaq-ly-˛-kmw-kv°m-cnI{]h¿Ø-I¿°v hkt¥m-’hw! GI-\mbpw GIm-{K-Nn-Ø\m-bpw, \nc-¥-c-X-]-ky-bn-eq-sS, At±lw kam¿÷n® Adn-hns‚ ]Øm-b-∏p-c-bpsS aqeyw \n¿Æ-bn-°p-hm≥ Ign-hp-≈-h¿ Bcp≠v? `n∂-im-J-I-fnse Xs‚ AXn-hn-]p-e-⁄m-\-ti-Jcw ka-Im-en-I¿°pw hcpw-X-e-ap-d-Iƒ°pw tNm¿Øn-s°m-Sp-°phm≥ At±lw \S-Ønb alm-kw-cw-`-߃°p km£n-I-fmb \msa√m-hcpw F{X `mKy-hm-∑m¿! ]me-bq-cn¬ 2008-˛se alm-Xo¿∞m-\Skam-]-\-th-Zn-bn¬ ]Xn-\mdmw _\-UnIvSv am¿]m-∏-bpsS D∂-Xmw-Ko-Im-c-amb sjh-en-b¿ ]Zhn B¿®p-_n-j∏v am¿ B≥{Uqkv XmgØv s{]m^. ta\m-t®-cn°v ka¿∏n-°p∂Xn\p km£n-I-fmb \msa√m-hcpw F{X `mKy-hm-∑m¿! 147 s{]m^. ta\m-t®-cn-bpsS k]vXXn kam-tLm-jn-°p-hm≥ kplr-Zvk-anXn k÷-am-°nb _lp-hn[]cn-]m-Sn-I-fn¬ H∂p-am-{X-amWv Cu Fgp-]Xp hk-¥-߃. sjh-en-b¿ ÿm\e_vZn-tbmsS h¿≤nX{]i-kvX\m-bn-cn-°p∂ At±-l-Øns‚ k]vXXnkvac-WnI C{X sIm®m-bn-t∏m-b-Xn¬ A\-ev]-amb Zp:Jap≠v kwLm-S-I¿°v. s{]m^. ta\m-t®-cn-bp-ambn hnhn[ Xe-ßfn¬ _‘-s∏-´n-´p≈ GXm\pw k÷-\-߃ kl¿jw \¬Inb eLp-te-J-\-ßfpw At±-l-Øns‚ eLp-PohNcn-{Xhpw GXm\pw Nn{X-ßfpw am{Xta CXn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øp-hm≥ R߃ {ian-®n-´p-≈q. Pohn-X-ØnIhns‚ BtLm-j-amb Cu k]vXXnkvac-Wn-I-bpsS \n¿Ωn-Xn-bn¬ ]e hn[-Øn¬ kl-I-cn-®n-´p-≈-h¿ At\-I-cm-Wpv. Ah-tcm-tcm-cp-Ø-tcmSpw Ht∂ R߃°p ]d-bm-\p-≈q: \µn! \µn!! Fgp-]Xp Zn\-ß-fpsS ]cn-an-Xn-bn¬ Db¿∂ Cu hk-t¥m-’h]¥-en¬, FØm≥ sshIn-b-Xn-\m¬, CSw In´m-Ø-h-tcmSv Ht∂ ]d-bm-\p≈q: kZbw £an-°tW! kl-I-cn-®-h¿s°√mw Ht∂ R߃°p \¬Im-\p≈q: kvt\l-Øns‚ X¶-\q-en¬ sImcpØ \µn-bpsS hk-¥-Ip-kp-a-߃! {_Z¿ fqbnkv a™fn MMB Atkm-kn-tb‰v FUn-‰¿ 148 149 150 Documents Similar To Sapthati Book Prof. George Menachery Vithayathil Pawathil Thazhath Chittilappilly Neelakavil Mundadan PonnumuthanSkip carouselcarousel previouscarousel nextAlive! 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