Sans 845

Licensed exclusively to SABS.Copying and network storage prohibited. ISBN 978-0-626-27106-0 SANS 5845:2006 Edition 2.1 Any reference to SABS SM 845 is deemed to be a reference to this standard (Government Notice No. 1373 of 8 November 2002) SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Bulk densities and voids content of aggregates Published by SABS Standards Division 1 Dr Lategan Road Groenkloof Private Bag X191 Pretoria 0001 Tel: +27 12 428 7911 Fax: +27 12 344 1568 www.sabs.co.za © SABS amended. 1. in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement. Reaffirmed and reprinted in March 2012.1 Table of changes Change No.Licensed exclusively to SABS. Foreword This South African standard was approved by National Committee SABS SC 59A. . revised or withdrawn. This edition cancels and replaces the first revision (SABS SM 845:1994). A vertical line in the margin shows where the text has been technically modified by amendment No. Construction standards – Cement. Copying and network storage prohibited. This standard will be reviewed every five years and be reaffirmed. in accordance with procedures of the SABS Standards Division. Date Scope Amdt 1 2006 Amended to change the designation of SABS standards to SANS standards and to update referenced standards. lime and concrete. SANS 5845:2006 Edition 2. of a measured volume of aggregate. the following definitions apply: 3. parties to agreements based on this standard are encouraged to take steps to ensure the use of the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. saturated surface-dry or "as received").1 Bulk densities and voids content of aggregates 1 Scope and field of application This standard specifies a method for determining the compacted and uncompacted bulk densities and the voids content of an aggregate.1 bulk density density. Test sieves – Technical requirements and testing – Part 1: Test sieves of metal wire cloth. through reference in this text. Information on currently valid national and international standards can be obtained from the SABS Standards Division. Amdt 1 SANS 197. Test sieves. Preparation of test samples of aggregates. constitute provisions of this standard. Copying and network storage prohibited. since any reference to a standard is deemed to be a reference to the latest edition of that standard.e. All standards are subject to revision and. Particle and relative densities of aggregates. Amdt 1 SANS 5844. SANS 3310-1/ISO 3310-1. content and dust content of aggregates. Sieve analysis fines. dry. expressed in kilograms per cubic metre at a stated temperature and in a stated condition (i.Licensed exclusively to SABS. the values being calculated from the mass of the aggregate that fills a measure of known volume. 3 Definitions For the purposes of this standard. 2 Normative references The following standards contain provisions which. SANS 5845:2006 Edition 2. SABS 197. SANS 201. Test sieves – Technical requirements and testing – Part 2: Test sieves of perforated metal plate. such volume including both the water-permeable and water-impermeable pores normal to the material 1 . Amdt 1 SANS 3310-2/ISO 3310-2. 5 Minimum thickness Number of strokes per layer of metal mm 3 4 5 20 30 50 4. 2 .2 Metal tamping rod. provided that the fact is stated in the test report. and is protected against corrosion.4 Test sieves. 5. that can be filled with liquid or gas 4 Apparatus 4. that comply with the requirements of SANS 3310-1 or SANS 3310-2. watertight. dry. to the mass at the same temperature of gasfree distilled water of the same volume 3. The container is rigid enough to retain its form under rough usage without deformation. NOTE Larger containers can be fitted with handles.25 mm.1 Dry a test sample (see SANS 197) of mass at least sufficient to fill a container of the appropriate of the sizes given in table 1.3 Suitable shovel or scoop. 4. SANS 5845:2006 Edition 2. NOTE Aggregates may be air dried under normal laboratory conditions.e.3 voids open spaces in a porous or packed medium.1 3. is determined by measurement of the volume (or mass) of water (at a temperature of 20 °C to 25 °C) that is required so to fill the container that.1 Metal. with rounded ends and an approximate diameter of 16 mm and an approximate length of 600 mm.Licensed exclusively to SABS.5 75 3 15 30 3 Height: diameter ratio 1:1 to 1:1. Cool the test sample to room temperature. to constant mass at a temperature of 100 °C to 110 °C in a well ventilated oven. Table 1 — Dimensions of container and number of compaction strokes 1 Maximum nominal size of aggregate 2 3 4 5 Container Approximate capacity mm dm 4. saturated surface-dry or "as received"). grade the test sample in accordance with SANS 201. appropriate to the size of the aggregate. The actual capacity of the container.5°. cylindrical container with a smooth inside and with the approximate capacity given in table 1. when it is covered with a glass plate. of a measured volume of aggregate. Copying and network storage prohibited.75 37. bubbles and excess water are eliminated.2 relative bulk density ratio of the mass at a stated temperature and in a stated condition (i.2 If the voids content of the aggregate is to be used as an index of the particle shape. The top rim is smooth and plane to within 0. 4. and parallel to the base to within 0. in cubic metres. to facilitate easier handling. straight. and use the portion that represents the largest percentage (by mass) of the aggregate as the test specimen. Amdt 1 5 Preparation of test specimens 5. 3 Determine. 6 Procedure 6. 6.2 Remove the surplus aggregate by rolling the tamping rod (see 4.2 %.2 Level off the surface of the aggregate as described in 6. 6.1 Uncompacted bulk density 6. 3 . compacting each layer by placing the container on a firm base.2 and determine the mass as described in 6.2.1.3.1 Fill the container in three approximately equal layers as described in 6. levelling the surface of the first two layers by hand and rodding each layer of aggregate with the required number of strokes (see table 1) of the tamping rod evenly distributed over the surface of the layers. Segregation of the particles of different size should as far as possible be prevented. 6. use the whole of the test sample as the test specimen. SANS 5845:2006 Edition 2.1.3. concrete mix design. Compact each layer by dropping the container 50 times in the manner described. When rodding the first layer.3 Compacted bulk density (jigging procedure) NOTE The jigging procedure is applicable to aggregates of particle size larger than 37.5 mm.1. the last layer to overflowing.2) across and in contact with the rim of the container.2 Compacted bulk density (rodding procedure) NOTE The rodding procedure is applicable to aggregate that has a maximum particle size of 37.1 5. 6. the aggregate being discharged from a height not exceeding 50 mm above the rim of the container. 6. 6. use enough force to cause the tamping rod to penetrate the previous layer of aggregate. and then allowing the container to drop. such as a concrete floor. and alternately raising first one side and then the other side approximately 50 mm.3. In the case of aggregate of particle size 4 750 µm and smaller. do not allow the rod to strike the bottom of the container forcibly. to the nearest 0.2. Copying and network storage prohibited. When rodding the second and third layers.1. Avoid breaking up individual particles of the aggregate.1.2.5 mm and smaller than 75 mm.1.1.1 Carefully fill the container in three approximately equal layers (see 6.1 Fill the container to overflowing with the thoroughly mixed dried aggregate by means of the shovel or scoop (see 4. 6.1). the mass of the aggregate in the container. level off the surface. and remove.1.3). and determine the mass as described in 6. e.2 Level off the surface of the aggregate as described in 6.Licensed exclusively to SABS.3 If the voids content of the aggregate is determined for other purposes. any aggregate impeding the progress. by hand.2. 6.g.3.1. using the tamping rod as a straight-edge. 25 times on each side.