SAMPLE ONLY Automotive Composites From steel to carbon and from glass to grass SAMPLE ONLY 1st edition November 2011 By Adrian Wilson Editor: Geoff Fisher Publisher: Judy Holland ISBN 978-0-9565-2388-4 Textile Media Services Automotive Composites: From steel to carbon and from glass to grass Contents Foreword ..........................................................................................................................3 Chapter 1: Introduction: a paradigm shift ........................................................................7 Chapter 2: Global automotive production ....................................................................15 Chapter 3: Composites overview ..................................................................................21 Chapter 4: The composites market ................................................................................31 Chapter 5: Carbon fibre overview ..................................................................................37 Chapter 6: The carbon fibre market ..............................................................................41 Chapter 7: Carbon fibre automotive applications ..........................................................47 Chapter 8: Carbon fibre producers ................................................................................67 Chapter 9: Glass fibre overview ....................................................................................91 Chapter 10: The glass fibre composites market ..........................................................101 Chapter 11: Glass fibre composite automotive applications ........................................103 Chapter 12: Leading glass fibre manufacturers............................................................113 Chapter 13: Natural fibre composites overview ..........................................................131 Chapter 14: The natural fibre composites market ........................................................151 Chapter 17: Composites recycling ..............................................................................177 Glossary........................................................................................................................185 List of tables ................................................................................................................199 Company index ............................................................................................................201 © 2011 Textile Media Services Ltd 5 Contents SAMPLE ONLY Automotive Composites: From steel to carbon and from glass to grass Chapter 1: Introduction: a paradigm shift The global automotive industry’s annual turnover is now approaching a value of €2trn. To put this in context, the UK, the sixth-richest country in the world, was worth an estimated €1.5trn in 2010, and France as the fifth largest, €1.7trn. The world’s vehicle population is now more than 1bn (while in 2011, the world’s population is estimated to hit 7bn). But there is currently a sense that this huge industry is poised to change as never before, opening up a wide range of new opportunities. The key issues driving this change most certainly include the ongoing global shift in mass vehicle manufacturing centres from the US, Europe and Japan, to developing countries, notably China and to a lesser extent India, and the attendant migrations in both the markets and the balances of power between the automotive manufacturers. China SAMPLE ONLY Just six years ago, in 2005, it was widely predicted that China would account for approximately 50% of automotive growth in Asia between 2006 and 2010, and that some 6.5m vehicles would be made in the country in 2010. This turned out to be something of an underestimate, and as automotive production collapsed in the US, Western Europe and Japan, 8.9m light vehicles were produced in China in 2008. Economic crisis The economic crisis of the past few years also continues to have far-reaching effects on the automotive industry and the way it operates globally. At the same time, massive efforts are required to harmonise requirements and technology, with marked differences from one country to another, resulting from different public policies, local conditions, infrastructures and economies of scale. Beyond this, however, are environmental and social concerns that call for a paradigm shift – not only in the way the automotive industry is structured, but also in what it is producing. Safety and environment The two key factors influencing this – improving safety and reducing environmental impact – are nothing new in themselves, but while today there are more vehicles on the road © 2011 Textile Media Services Ltd 7 Introduction China then became the world’s largest car market in 2009, when sales in the country climbed by 45% and production reached 13.6m units. In 2010, China’s production of cars and commercial vehicles was 18.3m units. Automotive Composites: From steel to carbon and from glass to grass Chapter 4: The composites market As has been established, the global composites industry is now producing an annual 8m tonnes of product, worth an estimated €60bn in 2010, and with an average value of €7.2 per kg. However, the per kg value of that product currently differs widely from region to region. With a 36% market share by value and 35% by volume, the value of North American composites production is estimated at €22bn, equating to an average unit price of €8.2 per kg. Overall production volume in 2010 was 2.7m tonnes. In Asia-Pacific and the rest of the world (including Australia and South America), the average unit price of composites is much lower, at €5.5 per kg. The 3.3m tonnes produced in these regions in 2010 had a value of €18bn, representing 43% of the market by volume, but just 31% by value. Composites market In the EMEA (Europe, Russia, the Middle East and Africa), 2m tonnes were produced, 33% of the market by value and 22% by volume, with a value of €20bn and an average unit price of €8.4 per kg. SAMPLE ONLY This is explained by the increasing use of primarily carbon composites in higher-end applications in North America and EMEA – most notably so far in aerospace and wind energy – with consequently higher prices. Table 9: The composites market, 2010 Production Production volume value (m tonnes) (€bn) Share by volume (%) Share by value (%) Average unit price (€/kg) North America EMEA Asia/Rest of world 2.7 2.0 3.3 22 20 18 35 22 43 36 33 31 8.2 8.4 5.5 World 8.0 60 100 100 7.2 Source: JEC Composites Growth similarly varies greatly by sector, with the smaller markets – by volume, though certainly not added value – continuing to grow rapidly. Between 2004 and 2008, for example, the wind energy market grew from 102,000 tonnes to 322,000 tonnes. Wind Energy By individual region, composites for wind energy grew from 70,000 tonnes to 123,000 tonnes in Europe between 2004 and 2008. © 2011 Textile Media Services Ltd 31 Chapter 7: Carbon fibre automotive applications Carbon fibre reinforced plastic (CFRP) has a wealth of benefits as a material for a vehicle body. It is extremely corrosion resistant and does not rust, giving it a far longer lifespan than metal. Complex corrosion protection measures are unnecessary and CFRP retains its integrity under all climatic conditions. In its dry, resin-free state, CFRP can be worked almost like a textile, and as such allows a high degree of flexibility in how it is shaped. The composite only gains its rigid, final form after the resin injected into the lattice has hardened. The high tear resistance along the length of the fibres also allows CFRP components to be given a high-strength design by following their direction of loading. To this end, the fibres are arranged within the component according to their load characteristics. By overlaying the fibre alignment, components can also be strengthened against load in several different directions. Carbon fibre automotive applications Automotive Composites: From steel to carbon and from glass to grass SAMPLE ONLY As a result, the components can be given a significantly more efficient and effective design than is possible with any other material. The ability of CFRP to absorb energy is also unique. Formula 1 and beyond At the beginning of the 1960s, Lotus introduced the monocoque to Formula 1 (F1) racing by placing thin plates around the bars of the car frame to increase the stiffness of the chassis. During the 1970s, aluminium was mostly used for these constructions, but when they proved to be not as resistant as required to deal with the downforce of the wings, a selfsupporting chassis made with carbon fibre was introduced, initially by McLaren – the McLaren MP4/1. This offered an unbeatable combination of strength and lightness. It had an immediate dynamic impact, with John Watson winning the 1981 British Grand Prix at Silverstone. It also proved an effective safety cell – Watson walked away from a dramatic high-speed crash at Monza, Italy, later that season. Within a few years, every other Formula 1 team had followed suit and today, most parts of the racing car chassis – the monocoque, suspension, wings and engine cover – are built with carbon fibre. The chassis is usually the first part of the car to be built, owing to the amount of time required, and F1 teams generally use the prepreg-in-autoclave method involving carbon fibres, a pre-impregnated epoxy resin and an aluminium honeycomb layer, which is sandwiched between two layers of carbon fibre. © 2011 Textile Media Services Ltd 47 Automotive Composites: From steel to carbon and from glass to grass Chapter 8: Carbon fibre companies Japan’s Big Three – Toray Industries, Toho Tenax and Mitsubishi Rayon Toray first emerged as a producer of rayon staple fibre in the late 1920s, before diversifying into synthetic fibres and other businesses. The Azuma Rayon plant, which was established even earlier, in 1915, spawned today’s Teijin empire, while its subsidiary Toho began separate rayon production in the 1930s, as did Mitsubishi Rayon (then known as Shinko Jinken). As detailed in Chapter 6, these three Japanese groups now account for a significant percentage of global carbon fibre production, with Toray claiming a leading share of 34%. Carbon fibre producers The production of viscose (rayon) fibres in the early part of the 20th century, followed by the advent of synthetic fibres, can be considered the pivotal period in the industrial awakening of Japan, and led to the growth and development of three highly diversified multicorporations of today – Toray Industries, Teijin (the parent company of Toho Tenax since 2007) and Mitsubishi Rayon. SAMPLE ONLY There is a notable drive by the research and development (R&D) departments of all three companies to develop faster moulding processes for carbon fibre reinforced plastic (CFRP). Toray Industries With 2010 sales of US$18.5bn, Toray’s activities by business segment and percentage of sales for the year to March 2011 are shown in Table 26. Table 26: Toray Industries, net sales by business segment, 20111 Business Fibres and Textiles Plastics and Chemicals IT-related Products Carbon Fiber Composites Environment and Engineering Life Science and Other Total 1 Net sales (¥bn) % 584.1 382.3 262.0 67.0 178.2 52.4 38.6 24.5 16.9 3.7 11.8 4.5 1,526.0 100.0 year ended 31 March Source: Toray Industries Because the Japanese fiscal calendar falls awkwardly (the year ends on 31 March), it is worth noting that 2010 sales for all Japanese companies showed results for only the first © 2011 Textile Media Services Ltd 67 Chapter 11: Glass fibre composite automotive applications As noted in Chapter 3, the transportation industry accounts for around 28% of all composite end-uses worldwide, and as high as 43% in some regions. The bulk of this consumption, however, is currently in public and industrial transportation vehicles, where applications include: • large panels for trailer walls; • floor panels for railway carriages; • truck cabins; • exterior body moulding; • bus body shells; • cargo containers. Glass fibre automotive applications Automotive Composites: From steel to carbon and from glass to grass SAMPLE ONLY The lightweight, high-strength, corrosion resistance and design flexibility afforded by glass fibre reinforced plastic (GFRP) translate into greater fuel efficiency, dimensional stability, greater cargo/passenger capacity, lower manufacturing costs, lower maintenance costs, enhanced aesthetics and parts consolidation in such applications. A company such as Acrosoma (formerly Composittrailer) based in Belgium, for example, has made a considerable number of composite transportation trailers and containers with materials based on a patented process, which combines pultrusion with an adapted version of the tufting technology generally used for the production of carpets. This gives the company continuous production of around 150 m2 per hour, or 250,000 m2 annually, of continuous quality product. The resulting material is lightweight, with high buckling resistance, strength and stiffness. The full benefits of composites in the goods transportation sector, meanwhile, are defined by Martin Marietta Composites in Table 39. These advantages are particularly relevant when considering the challenges faced by the trucking industry, including: • fuel costs; • driver shortages and retention; • government regulations in respect of weight, emissions, fuel economy and hours of service; • congestion; • motorway maintenance. © 2011 Textile Media Services Ltd 103 Automotive Composites: From steel to carbon and from glass to grass Owens Corning Following the completion of its acquisition of Saint-Gobain’s Reinforcements and Composite Fabrics businesses for US$640m in November 2007, Owens Corning considerably strengthened its position as the market leader in glass reinforcements and composites. The company operates within two segments – Composites, (which includes the Reinforcements and Downstream businesses) and Building Materials, (which includes the Insulation, Roofing and Other businesses). Table 41: Owens Corning: financial performance, 2006-2010 Glass fibre manufacturers Chapter 12: Leading glass fibre manufacturers SAMPLE ONLY (US$m) Net sales Net earnings (loss) 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 5,399 407 4,978 95 5,847 -813 4,803 64 4,997 933 Source: Owens Corning Composites accounted for approximately 37% of total net sales in 2010. Table 42: Owens Corning Composites business: financial performance, 2006-2010 (US$m) Net sales EBIT 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 1,382 108 1,695 123 2,363 208 1,633 -33 1,906 175 Source: Owens Corning Like many other companies, Owens Corning’s performance bounced back in 2010 following the recession years of 2008 and 2009, and in its latest report it was predicting an increase in earnings before interest and taxation (EBIT) of 25% in 2011 for the Composites business. Owens Corning’s glass fibre materials can be found in more than 40,000 end-use applications within seven primary markets: • power and energy; • housing; © 2011 Textile Media Services Ltd 113 Chapter 15: Natural fibre automotive applications The return of the utilisation of natural fibres in automotive applications began in the 1990s, initially in Europe, and a few years later in North America. Car makers started advanced developments on door panels, headliners, package trays, dashboards and trunk liners based on natural fibre composites with a thermoplastic or thermoset matrix, challenging mainly glass fibre reinforced plastic (GFRP) composites. Of particular influence was the introduction of the door panels in the Mercedes-Benz E Table 54: Examples of established natural fibre automotive components, Europe Manufacturer Models Applications Audi A2, A3, A4, Avant, A8, Roadster, Coupé BMW 3, 5, 7 Series and others Daimler/Mercedes-Benz A, C, E and S Series Fiat Ford Lotus Punto, Brava, Marea, Alfa Romeo 146, 156 Mondeo CD 162, Focus Eco-Elise Seat backs, side and back door panels, boot lining, hat rack, spare tyre lining Door panels, headliner panel, boot lining, seat backs Door panels, windshield/ dashboard, business table, pillar cover panel Various Mercedes-Benz Trucks various Peugeot Renault Rover New model 406 Clio Rover 2000 and others Saab Seat Toyota Vauxhall various various Brevis, Harrier Astra, Vectra, Zafira Volkswagen Golf, Passat, Bora, Fox Volvo C70, V70 Natural fibre automotive applications Automotive Composites: From steel to carbon and from glass to grass SAMPLE ONLY Door panels, B-pillar, boot liner Sisal carpets, hemp Class A panels Internal engine cover, engine insulation, sun visor, interior insulation, bumper, wheel box, roof cover Seat backs, parcel shelf Rear parcel shelf Insulation, rear storage shelf/ panel Door panels Door panels, seat backs Door panels, seat backs Headliner panel, door panels, pillar cover panel, instrument panel Door panel, seat back, boot lid finish, boot liner Seat fillings, cargo floor tray Source: ADAS © 2011 Textile Media Services Ltd 155 Automotive Composites: From steel to carbon and from glass to grass List of tables Table 1: Current production of materials used in vehicle manufacturing, 2010 ..................11 Table 2: Global production of cars and commercial vehicles, 1997-2010............................15 Table 3: Top 20 car and commercial vehicle producing countries, 2009-2010 ....................16 Table 4: Primary EU car and commercial vehicle production, 2009-2010 ..........................17 Table 5: World ranking of vehicle manufacturers, 2010 ......................................................18 Table 6: Contribution of the automotive industry to global economies, 2009 ......................19 Table 7: Basic composites manufacturing processes ............................................................23 Table 8: Composites manufacturing processes by volume requirement ..............................24 Table 9: The composites market, 2010..................................................................................31 Table 10: The composite market by region and end-use application, 2010 ..........................32 Table 11: Use of composites in wind energy applications, 2004-2008 ................................32 Table 12: Use of composites in aerospace applications, 2008-2014 ....................................33 Table 13: Composites growth by end-use sector, 1999-2010................................................34 Table 14: Structure of the composites final processing industry, 2010 ................................35 Table 15: Comparative densities of materials ......................................................................37 Table 16: Estimated carbon fibre demand, 2006-2023..........................................................41 Table 17: Materials required for rotor blades in the wind power industry, 2020 ..................42 Table 18: Global nameplate capacities of small-tow PAN-based carbon fibre production facilities, 2009-20131 ........................................................................................................43 Table 19: Global nameplate capacities of large-tow PAN-based carbon fibre production facilities, 2009-2013 ..........................................................................................................44 Table 20: Global nameplate capacities of small and large-tow PAN-based carbon fibre production facilities, 2009-2013 ........................................................................................44 Table 21: Global nameplate capacities of pitch-based carbon fibre production facilities, 2009-2013 ..........................................................................................................................45 Table 22: Key McLaren achievements with carbon fibre, 1981-2012 ..................................49 Table 23: Composites development at Lamborghini, 1983-2010 ........................................51 Table 24: Cost comparison of autoclave prepregs v RTM Light ..........................................52 Table 25: Advantages and drawbacks of RTM versus autoclave prepregs ..........................52 Table 26: Toray Industries, net sales by business segment, 2011..........................................67 Table 27: Toray Group, net sales, 2006-2011........................................................................68 Table 28: Teijin Group: annual turnover by business, 2011..................................................70 Table 29: Mitsubishi Rayon: financial performance, 2006-2010..........................................73 Table 30: SGL Group: financial performance, 2005-2010....................................................75 Table 31: SGL CFC: financial performance, 2008-2010 ......................................................75 Table 32: SGL CFC: sales by customer industry, 2010 ........................................................80 Table 33: Hexcel composites employed in the automotive sector ........................................82 Table 34: Hexcel: net sales by division, 2008-2010..............................................................84 Table 35: Hexcel: composite materials product breakdown ................................................85 Table 36: Hexcel: products for its three key end-use markets ..............................................86 Table 37: Zoltek: financial performance, 2006-2010............................................................88 Table 38: Glass grades and key properties ............................................................................93 Table 39: chief advantages of GFRP in industrial transportation/trucking ........................104 Table 40: SABIC LGF-PP dashboards by standard injection moulding ............................106 Table 41: Owens Corning: financial performance, 2006-2010 ..........................................113 Table 42: Owens Corning Composites business: financial performance, 2006-2010 ........113 Table 43: Johns Manville acquisitions, 1993-2001 ............................................................118 Table 44: PPG Industries: sales by division, 2010 ..............................................................122 © 2011 Textile Media Services Ltd 199 List of tables SAMPLE ONLY Automotive Composites: From steel to carbon and from glass to grass Table 45: PPG Industries: financial performance by business segment, 2009-2010 ..........122 Table 46: PPG Glass business, sales, 2006-2010 ................................................................122 Table 47: PPG Industries: financial performance, 2006-2010 ............................................124 Table 48: AGY end-markets and key applications ..............................................................128 Table 49: AGY: financial performance, 2007-2010 ............................................................129 Table 50: Mechanical characteristics of flax, hemp and competing fibres ........................132 Table 51: Top ten flax producing countries by production volume, 2010 ..........................132 Table 52: Worldwide hemp growing areas, 2009 ................................................................133 Table 53: Natural fibre composites production estimates, Europe, 2010 and 2020............152 Table 54: Examples of established natural fibre automotive components, Europe ............155 Table 55: Advantages and disadvantages of natural fibre composites ................................156 Table 56: Natural fibre component weight per vehicle ......................................................157 Table 57: Borgers: locations, 2010......................................................................................173 Table 58: Borgers: turnover, 2005-2010..............................................................................173 SAMPLE ONLY 200 © 2011 Textile Media Services Ltd Automotive Composites: From steel to carbon and from glass to grass Company index A A Schulman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .164 Abeking & Rasmussen Rotec . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79 Acrosoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .103 ADAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .155,157 Adherent Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .179 Adtranz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .104 Aerodyn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .124 Affordable Recycled Carbon Fibres (AFRECAR) .180 AFT Plasturgie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .171 American Composites Manufacturers Association (ACMA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23,24 Advanced Composites Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69 Advanced Composites Group (ACG) . . . . . .40,61,180 Advanced Composites Research Centre . . . . . . . . . .54 Agrofibre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .172 AGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .93,102,112,115,123,125-129 AGY Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .128-129 AGY US . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .125,126,127-128 Ahlstrom Glass Fibre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .102 Airbus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10,33,69,83,84,86,88,178 Aircraft Fleet Recycling Association (AFRA) . . . .178 Alberta Innovates – Technology Futures (AITF) . .159 Alcoa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 Alfa Romeo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81 Anhui JAC Automotive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 Anshan Sinocarb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43 Apache . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .118 API . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .146 Applications Composites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61 Aptec Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .168,169 Archer Daniels Midland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .146 Argon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43 Aston Martin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80 Audi . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62,80,100,106,155,158,162,173 Automotive Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68 Automotive Components Holding . . . . . . . . . . . . .107 Automotive Composites Consortium (ACC) . . . . .112 Avantium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .144 AvtoVaz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 Azuma Rayon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67 B 3B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .102,110,115,119-121 Bad Emden Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75 Badische Naturfaseraufbereitung (BaFa) . . . . . . . .172 BASF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109 Bayer MaterialScience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .158 Beijing Automotive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 Benteler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60,75,79 Benteler-SGL-Automotive-Composite . . . . . . . .79,80 Bentley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80 Berkshire Hathaway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .116,117 Bioamber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .145 BioCar Initiative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .164 Birla . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .136 Bluestar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44 BMCA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .117 BMW Group . . . . . . . . .17,18,54-57,72,73,80,81,106, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108,155,157,158,162,173,179 Boeing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10,33,57,61,69,83,88,180 Bombardier Transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .104 Borgers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .158,161,172-176 Brabham . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59 Brembo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80 Brembo SGL Carbon Ceramic Brakes . . . . . . . . . . .80 Bright Automotive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62 Brilliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 Bugatti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80 Byd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 C Callaway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53 Cam Elyaf Sanayi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .102 CAMISMA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72 Carbide/Graphite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74 CarboTech . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49 Cavac Biomatériaux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .172 CFA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43 CFK-Valley Stade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .178 Chana Automobile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 Chang’an Automobile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107 Changzhou New Chang Hai Glass Fiber . . . . . . . .102 Chen Zhou Gonow Nanyan Chifeng Motor Vehicle 18 Chery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 Chevrolet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .162 China Fiberglass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .101 Chongqing Lifan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 Chongqing Polycomp International (CPIC) . .101,123 Chrysler Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17,18,58,106,111 Cimteclab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .147 Citroën . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61,163 CJSC Holding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43 Claesson Koivisto Rune . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .143 CleanMould . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105 Coca-Cola . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .154 Combine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .167 Composite One . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .129 Composittrailer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .103 Corning Glass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .114 Cytec Industries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40,45,73 D Daimler . . . . . . . . . . . . .18,57,68,80,109,155,157,173 Dallara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63 Danone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .154 David Hart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74 Denel Saab Aerostructures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75 Denso . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .148 Dibiten . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .117,118 Dieffenbacher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .99,100 Docklands Light Railway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .168 Dongfeng Motor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 DSM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .182 DSM Engineering Plastics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .143 Dunlop Aerospace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59 DuPont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .148 DuPont Automotive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .149 E ë-Auto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .99 EADS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69,83 © 2011 Textile Media Services Ltd 201 Company index SAMPLE ONLY Automotive Composites: From steel to carbon and from glass to grass Ecobrake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .168,169 EKL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74 Environment Agency (UK) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .178 EPL Composite Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105 Ergon Nonwovens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .117,118 European Bioplastics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .153 European Commission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .119,139 European Composites Industry Association (EuCIA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .101,182 European Composites Recycling Company (ERC) 182 European Confederation of Flax & Hemp (CELC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13,131,132,133,152,171 European Friction Industries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .168 European Glass Fibre Producers Association . . . . .101 European Industrial Hemp Association (EIHA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .151,172 Evonik . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72 Exeltherm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .117,118 F Faurecia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .162-163,164 FAW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 Federal Ministry of Education & Research (DE) . .72 Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCAR) . . . .159 Ferrari . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57,80 Fiat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18,106,155 Filon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .182 Firebird Advanced Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .179 Fischer Composite Technology (FCT) . . . . . . . . . . .80 Force Protection Europe (FPE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .112 Ford . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16,17,18,57,71,106,107,111, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .155,159,163-166,173,180 Fraunhofer Institute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .167 Fraunhofer ICT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .183 Fuji . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 Fuji Heavy Industries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68 Fujian Motor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 G Geely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 General Motors (GM) . . .16,17,18,62,80,111,171,173 General Motors India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .136 General Motors Ventures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62 Genin & Cie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85 Germanischer Lloyd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .124 Gienomatica . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .145 GlassFibreEurope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .101,181 Glotech Industrial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .129 Gordon Murray Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64 Grace Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .125 Grafil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43,73 Great Lakes Carbon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74 Great Wall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 Greenes Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .110 Grupo Antolin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107 Gurit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40 H Hafei Motor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 Hambleside Danelaw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .182 Hebei Guigu Chemical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43 Hemp Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .168,172 HempFlax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .172 Hennepverwerkingsbedrijf Dunagro . . . . . . . . . . . .172 Herbert ich . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .173 Hexcel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40,61,80-86 Hexcel Fibers SL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86 Hindustan Motors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .136 HITCO Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74 Hoechst . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74,117,118 Honda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17,18 Huntsman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52 HW Johns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .116 Hyosung . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43 Hyundai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18,106 I International Cars & Motors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .136 Isuzu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 J Jacob Plastics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72 Jaguar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .106 Japan Carbon Fiber Manufacturers Association (JCFMA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40 JEC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31,32,34,35,42,43,44,45 Jiangnan Automobile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 Jiangsu Jiuding New Material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .102 Jiangxi Changhe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 Jiangxi Dahua Fiberglass Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .102 Jiangxi Jiangling Automotive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 Jiaxing Sini-Dia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43 Jilin Jiyan High Tech . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43 Jilin Tanh Carbon Fiber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43 Johns Manville . . . . . . . . . . .102,116-119,123,171,182 Johns-Manville Corporation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .116 Johnson Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72,156 JSP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .143 Jushi Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .102,123 K Kafus Bio-Composites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .136 Kemrock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43,44 Keramchemie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74 Kia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .106 KraussMaffei . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .161 KTM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62 Kümpers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78 Kuozui . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 L Lamborghini . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51-54,80 Land Rover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .106 Lanxess . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .102 Laroche . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .169 Lexus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17,68,72 Lignotock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .164 LOF Glass Fibers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .116 Lotus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47,155 M Magna Steyr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .99 Mahindra & Mahindra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18,115,136 Main Union Industrial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .125 MAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 Manville . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .116 Manville Covering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .116 Manville Personal Injury & Property Damage Settlement Trusts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .116 Martin Marietta Composites . . . . . . . . . . . . . .103,104 Maruti Udyog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .136 SAMPLE ONLY 202 © 2011 Textile Media Services Ltd Automotive Composites: From steel to carbon and from glass to grass Mazda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18,158 McLaren . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47,48-50 McLaren Automotive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49 McLaren Technology Centre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49 Mercedes-Benz . . . . . . . . . .17,48,57,68,100,106,109, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .155,157,158,162,164,173 Mercedes-Benz Trucks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .155 Mesa Insulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .117,118 Metabolix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .146 MGP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74 Milled Carbon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .180 Ministry of Defence (UK) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .112 Mitex Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .117,118 Mitsubishi Chemical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .145 Mitsubishi Motors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18,138,164 Mitsubishi Plastics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45 Mitsubishi Rayon . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44,54,55,67,72-73 Motive Industries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .158,159 MRC SGL Precursor (MSP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72 N National Composites Certification and Evaluation Facility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41 National Science Foundation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .179 NatureWorks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .142 NEC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .135 NetComposites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .167 New York Stock Exchange . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .114 Newport Adhesives & Composites . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73 Nippon Graphite Fiber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45 Nissan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17,18 Nord Bitumi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .117,118 Nova-Institut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .152 North American Bus Industries (NABI) . . . . . . . .104 NRG Barriers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .117 O OICA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16,17,18,19 Olbrich CZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .173 Opel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .106,136,171,173 Owens Corning . . . . . .91,94,98,102,111,113-116,119, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .125,126,171,182 Owens-Corning Fiberglas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .114 Owens Corning India (OCIL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .115 Owens Corning North America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .125 Owens Corning Veil Reinforcements . . . . . . . .93,102 Owens Corning-Vetrotex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .123 Owens-Illinois . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .114 Oxeon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64 P Panasonic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .135,147 P+D Glass Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .102 Pechiney . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74 Peugeot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .155,162 PFG Fiber Glass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .102 PFG Fiber Glass Corp Chia Yi Hsien . . . . . . . . . . .123 PFG Fiber Glass (Kunshan) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .101,123 PG Lawton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74 Plasan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58 Plascar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .159 Plastic Omnium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .182 Polgraph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74 Porcher Industries Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .129 Porsche . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18,58,59,80,184 PPG Fiber Glass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .123 PPG Industries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .102,121-124 PPG Industries Fiber Glass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .102,123 PPG Sinoma Jinjing Fiber Glass (ZIBO) . . . . . . . .123 Process for Advanced Management of End-of-life Aircraft (PAMELA) . . . . . . . . . . . . .178 Proton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 PSA Peugeot Citroën . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18,161 PTT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .145 PTT Chemical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .142 PTT MCC Biochem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .145 Q Qinhuangdao Fangyuan Glass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .102 R Range Rover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .106,162 Recycled Carbon Fibre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .178 Red Bull Racing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64 ReFiber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .182 Renault . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18,155,163,171,173 Ringsdorff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74 RK Carbon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74 Robert Eller Associates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108 Rongcheng Huatai Motor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 Rover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .155 R+S Technik . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .172,173,176 RTP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .145 S Saab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .155,162 SAB WABCO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58 SABIC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43,106,107 SAI Automotive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .164 SAIC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 Saint-Gobain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113,114 Saint-Gobain Vetrotex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .102 Schuller International . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .116 Seat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .155,173 SGL Carbon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74 SGL Group . . . . . .40,41,43,44,54,58,60,72,73-79,179 SGL Kümpers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78 SGLACF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72 Shandong Kaima . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 Shanghai Carbon Works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74 Shanghai Grace Fabric Kingboard Fiber Glass . . .102 Shanxi Hengtian New Textile Fiber . . . . . . . . . . . . .43 Shinko Jinken . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67 Sichuan Xinwanxing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43 Siemens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73 Siemens Plania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74 Sierracin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121 SigmaKalon Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121 SIGRI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74 Sinke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43 Sinosteel Jiangcheng . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43 Skloplast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .117,118 Skoda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .106,173 Smart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109,162 Södra Cell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .143 Soficar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43 Solegear Bioplastics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .159 Solvay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .144 Steinachglass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .117,118 Subaru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68 © 2011 Textile Media Services Ltd 203 Company index SAMPLE ONLY Automotive Composites: From steel to carbon and from glass to grass Suzuki . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 T Taishan Fiberglass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .101,123 Tarbes Advanced Recycling and Maintenance Aircraft Company (TARMAC) . . . . . . . . . . . . .178 Tasso . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .117,118 Tata Motors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18,136 Techni Lin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .171 Technical Fibre Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .180 Technical University of Aachen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72 Technology Strategy Board . . . . . . . . . . .167,169,180 Tecnaro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .146,167,168 Teijin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67, 69-72,117,147 Teijin Mirai Studio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70 Telles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .146 TenCate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69 TenCate Advanced Composites . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40,64 Tesla . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63 Ticona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .107,108 Toho Tenax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67,69-72,180 Tokai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74 Toray Advanced Materials Korea (TAK) . . . .42,43,45 Toray Composites America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .69 Toray Industries . . . . . . . . . . .40,42,43,44,57,63,67-69 Toyota Motor . . . .16,17,18,63,68,72,135,142,155,173 Trabant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .164 TransFurans Chemicals (TFC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .144 Transmare Compounding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .137 U United States Automotive Materials Partnership . . .58 United States Council for Automotive Research . . . . . (USCAR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .111 University of Applied Arts & Sciences, Hanover . .153 University of Exeter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .168 University of Nottingham . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .180 University of Waterloo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .164 Unitika . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .135 U-Pica . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .143 US Air Force . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .179 US Department of Agriculture (USDA) . . . . .142,146 US Department of Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58 V Vauxhall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .155 Vehma International . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58 Vestas Wind Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83 Vetrotex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .119,182 Vicarb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74 Volkswagen (VW) . . . . . . .16,18,106,155,162,164,173 Volvo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18,106,155,164,173 W Wästberg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .143 Web Dynamics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .117,118 Weihai Tuozhan Fiber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43 Weyerhaeuser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58,141 World Steel Association . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 Z ZEW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74 Zhongful Shenying . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43 Zhuhai Fuhua Composite Materials . . . . . . . . . . . .102 Ziyang Nanjun Motor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 Zoltek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40,44,58,87-90 Zoltek Automotive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87,89-90 SAMPLE ONLY 204 © 2011 Textile Media Services Ltd REPORTS ORDER FORM Fax to: +44 8700 940868 or scan and e-mail to
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