PTE Self Study Group July 2017REOREDER PARAGRAPHS Paragraph 1 A. A simple way to disprove this Innateness Hypothesis, as linguists call it, is to demonstrate that other species have the capacity to speak but for some reason simply have not developed speech. B. A logical candidate for such a species is the chimpanzee, which shares 98.4% of the human genetic code. C. Chimpanzees cannot speak because, unlike humans, their vocal cords are located higher in their throats and cannot be controlled as well as human vocal cords. D. It does not follow from their lack of speech, however, that chimpanzees are incapable of language, that is, a human-like grammar. E. Perhaps they can acquire grammar and speak if they could only use grammar some way other than with a voice. The obvious alternative is sign language Paragraph 2 A. It is wrong, however, to exaggerate the similarity between language and other cognitive skills, because language stands apart in several ways. B. For one thing, the use of language is universal—all normally developing children learn to speak at least one language, and many learn more than one. C. By contrast, not everyone becomes proficient at complex mathematical reasoning, few people learn to paint well, and many people cannot carry a tune. D. Because everyone is capable of learning to speak and understand language, it may seem to be simple. E. But just the opposite is true—language is one of the most complex of all human cognitive abilities Paragraph 3 A. In most countries, it is only the government, through their central banks, who are permitted to issue currency. B. But in Scotland, three banks are still allowed to issue banknotes. C. The first Scottish bank to do this was the Bank of Scotland. 1 E. Paragraph 4 A. D. and following trends. 2 . When this bank was founded in 1695. with the right to log 5% of the area each year.” the capital. Instead.” says a local logger. “Boundaries are on maps. all rich in mahogany and accessible from the town. Scots coinage was in short supply and of uncertain value. It abolished the previous system of annual contracts. E. C. SEPAHUA. or Acts designed to prevent manufacturers from adulterating bread. D. tried to regulate logging in the relatively small part of the Peruvian Amazon where this is allowed.PTE Self Study Group July 2017 D. against the interests of both workers and consumers. Paragraph 5 A. it auctioned 40-year concessions to areas ruled off on a map. There had already been some legislation to prevent such abuses -. unlike markets. He was able to argue that the State was the only organ that was genuinely capable of responding to social needs and social interests. compared with English. Flemish or French coin. In 2001 the government. B. a green group. egged on by WWF. They had become rapidly dominated by powerful enterprises who were unable to act in their own interests. nestles in a pocket on the map where a river of the same name flows into the Urubamba. To face growth of trade it was deemed necessary to remedy this lack of an adequate currency. a ramshackle town on the edge of Peru's Amazon jungle. “maps are only in Lima. Dutch. That pocket denotes a tiny patch of legally loggable land sandwiched between four natural reserves. E. The aim was to encourage strict management plans and sustainable extraction. C.such as various Factory Acts to prevent the exploitation of child workers. B. Mill was able to see an expanded role for the State in such legislation to protect us against powerful interests. Markets may be good at encouraging innovation. but there were no good at ensuring social inequality. thus bringing the travelers into agreement when they meet. but it would still be the same day for those in the airplane while it would be one day later for those on the ground below them. Volkswagen shares trade at about nine times the 2002 estimated earnings. F. The same problem would arise if two travelers journeyed in opposite directions to a point on the opposite side of the earth.PTE Self Study Group July 2017 Paragraph 6 A.) C. Paragraph 8 A. B. (Traveling eastward across the line. compared to BMW's 19 and are the second cheapest in the sector. D. D. The date line is necessary to avoid a confusion that would otherwise result. if an airplane were to travel westward with the sun. E. one adds a day. Volkswagen shares trade at a discount to peers due to bad reputation among investors. will turn the structure built in 1932 into a giant Aboriginal flag shortly after the sun sets for the last time in 2015. The main problem with Volkswagen is the past. Paragraph 7 A. Fireworks and special effects. generally following the 180° meridian of longitude. by international agreement. For example. an expensive foray into truck business and uncertainty about the reason for a share buyback have in recent years left investors bewildered. one subtracts one calendar day. Many investors have been disappointed and frightened away. 180° of longitude distant. The apparent paradox is resolved by requiring that the traveler crossing the date line change his date. where. including a red "waterfall" from the bridge base. Despite posting healthy profits. imaginary line on the earth's surface. A disastrous capital hike. B. 3 . traveling westward. International date line. E. 24 hr would elapse as it circled the globe. C. travelers change dates. They are caused by great temperature differences between adjacent air masses. D." said the Welcome to Country's creative director. It is also a recurrent theme in the press. from the highbrow pages of Prospect to the populism of the Daily Mail.PTE Self Study Group July 2017 B. C. C. the waves propagate eastward (in the Northern Hemisphere) at speeds considerably slower than the wind speed itself. Jet stream. Instead of moving along a straight line. Paragraph 10 A. But the issues themselves are not new and have historical roots that go much deeper than have been acknowledged. From 8:40pm. B. Fireworks and special effects will also turn the bridge into a giant Aboriginal flag before the 9pm fireworks display. 4 . Since the progress of an airplane is aided or impeded depending on whether tail winds or head winds are encountered.3–12. how special it is to all of us and how it moves us. D. the bridge will be turned into a canvas showing the Welcome to Country ceremony. the jet stream flows in a wavelike fashion. C. in the Northern Hemisphere the jet stream is sought by eastbound aircraft. in order to gain speed and save fuel. swift currents or tubes of air found at heights ranging from 7 to 8 mi (11. the capacity of the welfare state to absorb large numbers of immigrants has become a staple of discussion among policy makers and politicians. D. Inevitably.9 km) above the surface of the earth. Rhoda Roberts. and avoided by westbound aircraft. narrow. specifically. these discussions focus on present-day dilemmas. B. "It's about how we're all so affected by the harbour and its surrounds. In the early years of the twenty-first century the impact of immigrants on the welfare state and. Paragraph 9 A. C. Others. at various stages in the history of life. believe that the fossil evidence suggests that. computer screens displays lists of words being entered into the company's search engine. D. B. though new fossil finds since Darwin's time have cleared up many of the disparities in the fossil record. that may be changing. some transitional forms were found. Climate change may also have produced a "spurt". along with consolidation among online search and advertising groups. many years later. This presents a challenge to internet search companies. 5 . however. and that major changes occurred at these points. In the lobby of an internet search engine company's headquarters in California. Paragraph 12 A.PTE Self Study Group July 2017 Paragraph 11 A. in spurts. D. B. C. Even during Darwin's lifetime. evolution progressed rapidly. leaving many niches vacant. Today. which have built a multibillion dollar industry out of targeted advertising based on the information users reveal about themselves online. However. Paleontologists still argue about the origins of major groups. the fact that even a fraction of searcher can be seen by visitors to the world's biggest search company is likely to come as a shock to internet users who think of web browsing as a private affair. as might the extinction of other groups or species. An evolving group may have reached a stage at which it had an advantage over other groups and was able to exploit new niches in nature. Over the past year. Although its says that the system is designed to alter out any scandalous or potentially compromising queries. a series of privacy gaffes and government attempts to gain access to the internet user's online histories have. E. many believe that evolution has progressed at the same steady rate and that the absence of transitional forms can be explained by Darwin’s argument that there are huge gaps in the fossil record and that transition usually occurred in one restricted locality. thrust the issue of internet privacy into the spotlight. They lacked compact defense lines and additionally their supply lines were also poorly protected. Numerous other major irregularities diversify the Atlantic floor. and it has changed forever how companies do business. Paragraph 14 A. the Rhine was on fire. Then a series of highly visible ecological problems created a groundswell of support for strict government regulation. In Europe. In the 1960s and 1970s. since in great areas the available soundings are hundreds or even thousands of miles apart. Meanwhile. B. The topography of the ocean floors is none too well known. C. Lake Erie was dead. German invasion of Poland officially triggered the Second World War. D. D. In the beginning.PTE Self Study Group July 2017 Paragraph 13 A. 6 . C. Paragraph 15 A. B. well-defined ridge-the Mid-Atlantic ridge-runs north and south between Africa and the two Americas. corporations were in a state of denial regarding their impact on the environment. Britain and France were hopeful that Poland should be able to defend her borders. But Polish forces could not defend a long border. C. the floor of the Atlantic is becoming fairly well known as a result of special surveys since 1920. A broad. D. E. In Japan. the world had woken up to the potential of atomic energy and countries were conduction tests to exploit the same. In the United States. B. Closely spaced soundings show that many parts of the oceanic floors are as rugged as mountainous regions of the continents. The environmental revolution has been almost three decades in the making. people were dying of mercury poisoning. E. However. the purpose of the military is to defend the nation and be prepared to do battle with its enemy. resulting. Paragraph 17 A. 7 . and depending upon the economic foundation. They assume that the stock market automatically penalizes any corporation that invests its resources poorly. The average individual is of less value to himself.PTE Self Study Group July 2017 Paragraph 16 A. So companies investing well grow. mental or physical. and ensure competitiveness. B. D. B. The top executives of the large. Of course. With regard to defense. too much suffering. companies investing poorly shrink. but we have wandered so far astray that disease is the rule and good health the exception. E. in the replacement of management. B. mature. Paragraph 18 A. In short. They assume that they’re using their shareholders’ resources efficiently if the company’s performance—especially ROE and earnings per share—is good and if the shareholders don’t rebel. The idea is to destroy the enemy’s productive capacity. It is natural to be healthy. perhaps. that productive capacity is different in each case. publicly held companies hold the conventional view when they stop to think of the equity owners’ welfare. enriching themselves and shareholders alike. stock market performance and the company’s financial performance are inexorably linked. How do you do battle with your enemy? C. to his family and to society than he could be. D. C. There are too much illness. C. E. most people are well enough to attend to their work. acute or chronic. but nearly all are suffering from some ill. We are losing every year a vast army of individuals who are in their productive prime. Leave to cook for five years and you have a feast of profits. B.PTE Self Study Group July 2017 D. but even with those of the same species if belonging to different communities. if you need to destroy the enemy’s productive capacity. and they were invariably attacked. 8 . On the other hand. But in the industrial era destroying the enemy’s productive capacity means bombing the factories which are located in the cities. including ants of different species. It is evident. numbering even up to 500. Paragraph 19 A. seized by a leg or an antenna. which is very remarkable. The communities of ants are sometimes very large. D. therefore. Now in the information era. B. and dragged out. that no one has ever yet seen a quarrel between any two ants belonging to the same community. So in the agrarian era. E. what you want to do is bum his fields. C.000 individuals. That has been the recipe for private-equity groups during the past 20 years. C. a few spoonfuls of management incentives and trim all the fat. And it is a lesson to us. E. salt them. or if you’re really vicious. I have over and over again introduced ants from one of my nests into another nest of the same species. Add some generous helpings of debt. Take an underperforming company. Paragraph 20 A. F. D. destroying the enemy’s productive capacity means destroying the information infrastructure. it must be admitted that they are in hostility not only with most other insects. that the ants of each community all recognize one another. They're not all necessarily good guys. Mother of Storms has a fairly large cast of viewpoint characters. either. B. D. but I didn't mind it here. ethical categories tend to become irrelevant. This usually irritates me. 9 . Yet whenever he was hungry he got up and propelled himself straight to the kitchen to get something to eat. C. Unlike Barnes' previous books.PTE Self Study Group July 2017 Paragraph 21 A. Studies of this man led scientists to a breakthrough: the part of our brains where habits are stored has nothing to do with memory or reason. In May 2006. C. although occasionally in moving them about the author's manipulations are a bit blatant. B. B. and every day he didn’t have the foggiest idea. They theorized that the 1. and their interactions are well-handled and informative. But even the Evil American Corporate Magnate is a pretty likable guy Paragraph 23 A. D. In 1992 a retired engineer in San Diego contracted a rare brain disease that wiped out his memory. B." which refers to lower rates of heart disease and cancer in Asia despite high rates of cigarette smoking. E. It offered proof of what the US psychologist William James noticed more than a century ago – that humans “are mere walking bundles of habits” Paragraph 22 A.2 liters of green tea that is consumed by many Asians each day provides high levels of polyphenols and other antioxidants. researchers at Yale University School of Medicine weighed in on the issue with a review article that looked at more than 100 studies on the health benefits of green tea. although with the hurricanes wreaking wholesale destruction upon the world's coastal areas. C. Every day he was asked where the kitchen was in his house. They pointed to what they called an "Asian paradox. Inevitably. C. D. Paragraph 26 A. as linguists call it. But the issues themselves are not new and have historical roots that go much deeper than have been acknowledged. the researchers wrote. Innovation in India is as much due to entrepreneurialism as it is to IT skills.PTE Self Study Group July 2017 D. B. D. including preventing blood platelets from sticking together and improving cholesterol levels. B. says Arun Maria. chairman of Boston Consulting Group in India. E. which. In the early years of the twenty-first century the impact of immigrants on the welfare state has become a staple of discussion among policy makers and politicians. These compounds may work in several ways to improve cardiovascular health. Specifically. It is also a recurrent theme in the press. from the highbrow pages of Prospect to the populism of the Daily Mail. Paragraph 24 A. A simple way to disprove this Innateness Hypothesis. in turn. He suggests the country's computer services industry can simply outsource research to foreign universities if the capability is not available locally. This is not something that necessarily requires expensive technical research. "This way. green tea may prevent the oxidation of LDL cholesterol (the "bad" type). is to demonstrate that other species have the capacity to speak but for some reason simply have not developed speech. Paragraph 25 A. C. these discussions focus on present-day dilemmas. I will have access to the best scientists in the world without having to produce them myself. Indian businessmen have used IT to create new business models that enable them to provide services in a more cost-effective way." says Mr Maria. can reduce the buildup of plaque in arteries. 10 . Peoria and Chicago. Perhaps they can acquire grammar and speak if they could only use grammar some way other than with a voice. who devised the project as the final component of her community education degree at the University. he was renowned for delivering the mail under any circumstances. B. D. their vocal cords are located higher in their throats and cannot be controlled as well as human vocal cords. that chimpanzees are incapable of language. Lindbergh took his first job as the chief pilot of an airmail route operated by Robertson Aircraft Co. B.4% of the human genetic code. Having worked as a literacy tutor with teenagers. Paragraph 28 A. Louis. After finishing first in his pilot training class. D. Ms Bocking saw the need for good attitudes towards reading to be formed early on .with the help of more male role models. He flew the mail in a de Havilland DH-4 biplane to Springfield. Paragraph 27 A. of Lambert Field in St. “There’s no program like this in Australia. however. Chimpanzees cannot speak because.” Ms Bocking said. that is. 11 . A logical candidate for such a species is the chimpanzee. C. a human-like grammar. C. A University of Canberra student has launched the nation’s first father-led literacy project. Julia Bocking’s Literacy and Dads (LADS) project aims to increase the number of fathers participating as literacy helpers in K-2 school reading programs at Queanbeyan Primary Schools. to encourage fathers to become more involved in their children’s literacy. It does not follow from their lack of speech. E. Illinois.PTE Self Study Group July 2017 B. Missouri. unlike humans. which shares 98. C. During his tenure on the mail route. B. C. it became the capital of La Florida Paragraph 30 A. Moreover.4. since its establishment more than a decade earlier in 1566 by Pedro Menendez de Aviles who had founded La Florida and St. B. one of the five was a roughly Mars-sized planet. The town had flourished. Using observations gathered by NASA's Kepler Mission. to advise him to send a truck. he even salvaged bags of mail from his burning aircraft and immediately phoned Alexander Varney. half the size of Earth. Augustine the year before.6. but smaller than even the smallest ice giant planet in our Solar System. 12 . C. 1. Four of these planets are so-called super-Earths. 1. Marquez arrived in October 1577 at the abandoned town of Santa Elena with two ships carrying pre-fabricated posts and heavy planking. Peoria's airport manager. Paragraph 29 A. and 1. D. Cash transactions offer both privacy and anonymity as it does not contain information that can be used to identify the parties nor the transaction history. D.PTE Self Study Group July 2017 D.3. After a crash. In addition. the team found five planets orbiting a Sun-like star called Kepler-62. The whole structure of traditional money is built on faith and so will electronic money have to be. These new super-Earths have radii of 1. nearing 400 residents. B. A team of scientists has discovered two Earth-like planets in the habitable orbit of a Sun-like star. C.9 times that of Earth. money is worth what it is because we have come to accept it. larger than our own planet. Paragraph 31 A. He erected fort San Marcos in six days in defense against a Native American attack such as the one that forced the abandonment of the town a year earlier. In 1571. someone is driving to call. 4. B. I think the beginning of the sentence. Proportionally.thanks essentially to improvement in technology--I somehow can't help but feel that the quality of communication of the message has become diluted. Their record is a natural voice. causing an accident or danger. 3. 1938. Electronic commerce is one of the most important aspects of Internet to emerge. There is an increasing attempt by most companies to be seen as cool and funky. Electronic transactions are happening in closed group networks and Internet. 2. the number of ads that lack in quality. C. Paragraph 32 A. Brazil's music and folk's what 2. Then Brazilian 3. To support e-commerce. Over the years. D. Technology has drawbacks but also benefits. Although there is a huge shift in the quality of ads that we come across on a daily basis-. Paragraph (B) 1. E. I have had the opportunities to observe and understand the thought processes behind the ads that have been flooding both the print and the TV media. 5. E. the voice of cattle and sheep 4. which means an exponential increase in the number of ads that are being made. But we can not deny the benefits of technology. What is the record intension 13 . have gone up exponentially as well!! Extra Paragraph (A) 1.PTE Self Study Group July 2017 D. we need effective payment systems and secure communication channels and data integrity. For example. Another reason could be the burgeoning number of companies. phone. in contrast…. A German writer has books list for *** 2.... 2.PTE Self Study Group July 2017 Paragraph (C) 1. 4. but it doesnt provide search function 14 . Australia used to have a …policy 2. Examples and figures. Paragraph (F) 1. it sorted by dates and***. What is a festival. (More concern about them) 5. Attention should be paid to the young people more concern. These tools . New measures. 4. But this diet still has some risk. 3. The school restaurant according to their request to make the relevant food.. Because 3.. but… Paragraph (H) 1. 2. Vegetarian eat things which do not include meat. In particular. More car accident in the morning... the lists also has other publications. (Note that the pronoun refers to the first sentence of the system). 3. Paragraph (G) 1. teenage driver accidents. finally how will the award be given. (They some other people) Link: these case 4. 3. Many vegetarians have been successful from these foods. there is a direct answer to the question.. and then there are games. Well. 4. and then how this festival.. It is a system . Ask what system can be how? 2. 4... 5... recommendations more qualifications for teenager to get license (Also there is a system) Paragraph (E) 1. 4. 2.... tools . (For example in port Macquarie) 3. (This refers to the system and introduce tools) 5. 3. Paragraph (D) 1. This enables . Many vegetarian also attract non vegetarians. Because 5.. 5. and then have to be repayment. 4. Later industrialized. A few years later a personal invention of the wagon. 2.. Changed to steel. Paragraph (J) 1.. 2. those problems will otherwise not be able to. called UN. 3. . for example. A. 4..PTE Self Study Group July 2017 Paragraph (I) 1.. Paragraph (L) Now young people are getting more and more money. spend money faster than making money.. First said before the rail with wood. pull money. to focus on world problems. 3.. how can this wagon look like Paragraph (K) 1. as. 2. That is the recipe of many. there are mentioned debt.. it invites presidents etc to attend the conference and discuss problems such 5. Take a company to do an example. 15 . UN.companies.. it..... Finally. Leave it to the cook for X years， 4. 3.. Paragraph (M) One is telling a writer to write a novel. there are a lot of people.