Renewable energy potential and business opportunities in Suriname, 2-2010

Seminar: “Renewable energy potential and business opportunities in Suriname” Monday 1 st February 2010 Banquet Hall - Hotel Torarica, Paramaribo 2 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” executive Summary Humans are using energy to enhance their living conditions. The primary energy demand of a country is a function of the number of inhabitants (capita), the activities of these inhabitants to create prosperity (GDP in US$/capita.year) and the amount of energy necessary to support those activities per unit of realized prosperity (energy intensities in J/US$). In Suriname, the number of inhabitants and more over the prosperity increased significantly but the energy intensity decreased only slightly in the last 10 years, that’s the reason why the primary energy demand increased by approximately 7.4%/year (calculated value). Environmental limits: Petroleum products are used as energy source in industry, in electricity generation and in the transport sector. Combustion releases greenhouse gases (mainly CO 2 ) in the atmosphere. Excessive emissions cause global warming which can result in sea level rise, with possible catastrophic consequences for Suriname. The Kyoto-protocol and more recently the big environmental meeting in Copenhagen (Denmark) promote a reduction of CO 2 emissions. Energy savings and renewable energy are two important pillars to help achieve emission reductions. Developing countries like Suriname can use the Clean Development Mechanism or CDM (part of the Kyoto Protocol) to receive financial support for projects reducing CO 2 emissions. Facing demand growth: This seminar highlights significant growth in energy demand in Suriname. The demand for electricity grew 10% last year and the forecast is that growth rate will be in the order of 8% per year in the near future. Additional electricity is now generated by heavy oil, and over the last 4 years 54,000 new cars came on the roads, further increasing the growing demand for oil products. Nevertheless, the “official” oil demand and imports have barely changed over the past years. Given such high growth rate of oil demand, there is need to look first for ways to master demand and to use energy in a more rational way (Rational Energy Use, REU) in order to limit investment in expensive supply infrastructure. Examples of REG actions include: energy efficient lighting, more energy efficient buildings and more efficient air conditioning, more energy efficient cars, combined electricity and heat production in industry (or co-generation) etc. However, given the enormous growth in energy demand, the savingpotential alone is not high enough to face growing demand. Significant investment in more energy supply is therefore urgent. In this context EBS plans to extend its generation capacity by a new electric power station of around 80 MW (first phase) and the Staatsolie is working on the feasibility study (pre-feasibility) of the Tapa-Jai hydropower project. In the oil sector, Staatsolie plans expansion of its oil refinery and prepares a bio-ethanol project in Wageningen. Beside these large energy projects, there are several other initiatives in the interior of the country, including a micro-hydro, a solar and a wind project at Galibi. 3 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” Indicators: Indicators are an important means of quantifying general information (see SBF / SBC seminar on June 26, 2009, “Good Statistics for Sustainable Development in Suriname”). Indicators are essential for transparent energy policy and investment decisions. They help to substantiate and support funding applications. Several government agencies, businesses and other institutions dispose of part of the quantitative information, but a complete picture of the energy situation in Suriname requires that this data be compiled and processed. What other indicators are still missing and who can ensure that these indicators become available? Policy: Due to the large spread and diversity of data, it is very difficult to coherently combine related information in a manner that is useful to policymaking. The Ministry of Natural Resources (NH) is working on a number of initiatives that will better support policymaking in the future. This includes the establishment of an Energy Institute. Financing projects: Financing investments in the energy sector requires special attention. Access to capital is a particular challenge for Suriname. In the past, Suriname looked to the Netherlands for financing resources in the energy sector. In the future, a different approach should be followed. The government will have to put in place a structured framework for financing energy supply with special attention to renewable and sustainable energy sources. This framework will be based on policy choices and priorities in the energy sector. There should be a clear statement about the desired energy supply mix: Fossil fuel and renewable energy (hydro, bio-fuel, solar, wind), (nuclear). Government policy on price tariffs must be included in the framework. Choices made must, on the one hand, aim to offer sufficient incentives for energy saving and on the other hand the necessary incentives to stimulate financing for desirable new energy projects. Such framework or strategic financial plan should be composed of at least three elements: (1) public financing from the yield of energy savings, (2) international development financing through bilateral cooperation agreements with international financial organizations (3) private venture capital. Business opportunities: The dynamic energy sector offers significant opportunities for the Surinamese businesses. Besides the large investment projects (EBS and Staatsolie and their spin-off effects), there are opportunities in specific markets. This seminar evoked opportunities for: Energy conservation measures (small and large) • Energy efficient cars • Energy efficient air conditioning and construction measures • Renewable energy in the oil industry (bio-ethanol) • Renewable energy in the electricity sector (Tapa-Jai • hydro-power) Financing. • 4 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” Content executive Summary 2 1 objective, target group and expected results 6 1.1 Objectives 6 1.2 Target group 6 1.3 Expected results 6 2 opening session 7 2.1 Introduction, Suriname Business Development Center Director, Mr. Ir. Ernie P.Isselt 7 2.2 Welcome words from Mr. Ing. Orlando dos Ramos, 8 Chairman Suriname Business Forum 2.3 Speech Chargee d’Affaires Delegation of the European Union 10 Mrs. Esmeralda Hernandez Aragones 2.4 Opening speech Minister of Natural Resources, Mr. Dr. Gregory Rusland 10 3 energy balance and energy indicators 13 3.1 Clean Development Mechanism (CDM): Opportunity for Suriname?, 13 NIMOS, Ms. Farzia Hausil 3.2 (Oil) Energy balance of Suriname, Suriname State Oil Company, Mr. Annand Jagesar 14 3.2.1 The Oil Balance of Suriname 15 3.2.2 The oil payments balance 15 3.2.3 Oil reserves 16 3.2.4 One final remark on “Renewable Energy” 17 3.2.5 Share of renewable energy in global primary energy supply 18 3.3 Electricity: demand, supply and future perspectives, EBS, Mr. Ir. Samuel Mehairjan 18 3.3.1 Electricity demand 19 3.3.2 Electricity supply 20 3.3.3 Inter-connection Suriname – French Guyana 22 3.3.4 Additional Electricity Supply with Renewable Energy 23 3.3.5 Rational use of Energy and Energy Efficiency 23 3.3.6 Conclusions and Recommendations 23 3.4 Questions: 24 4 Business opportunities for energy effciency and Renewable energy 27 4.1 Energy indicators and missing knowledge, AdeKUS, Mr. Ir. Cornel Wijngaarde 27 4.1.1 Basis Energy indicators 27 4.1.2 Other key indicators 27 4.1.3 Specific indicators for Renewable Energy 27 5 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” 4.1.4 Missing Knowledge 29 4.1.5 Steps to take 29 4.2 Potential Energy savings and Renewable Energy Potential of Suriname: 30 basic concepts, Stichting Energie & Duurzame Ontwikkeling Suriname, Mr. Ing. Johan Geeraert, MSc, MBA 4.2.1 Rational use of energy 30 4.2.2 Renewable Energy 35 4.3 Questions 37 5 Panel Discussion 1: Rational use of energy or demand management for energy 40 5.1 REG applications, Mr. Samuel Mehairjan (EBS/Director Transmission & Generation) 40 5.1.1 Energy saving lamps 40 5.1.2 Electronically controlled engines 40 5.2 Energy-efficient cars, Fernandes Automotive, Mr. Glenn Stekkel 41 5.3 Climate and construction measures, applications, New Tech, Mr. Werner van Geel 43 5.3.1 The residential air conditioning equipment 43 5.3.2 The commercial installations 44 5.3.3 Architectural measures 45 5.4 Questions: 46 6 Panel discussion 2: Renewable energy or additional energy supply? 48 6.1 Hydropower: Opportunities for Suriname, Mr. Eddy Frankel 48 (Staatsolie Suriname Company) 6.2 Bio-energy: Opportunities for Suriname, Mrs. Rosita Ramautar 48 (Staatsolie Suriname Company) 6.3 Funding Renewable Energy projects and Rational use of energy or Energy Efficiency, 50 Mr. Drs. Silvano Tjong-Ahin, consultant 6.4 Questions 53 7 Plenary discussion / Conclusions & Recommendations 55 8 Conclusion, Mr. Dr. ir. Viren ajodhia, Chairman seminar 59 9 Closing 61 Appendix 1: Acronymic 62 Appendix 2: Evaluation 63 Appendix 3: Agenda 69 Appendix 4: Participants 71 Appendix 5: Presentations 75 6 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” 1. objective, target group and expected results 1.1 objectives Give an overview of the current state of energy supply • Explore challenges and opportunities for slowing climate change by reducing CO2 emissions • through rational energy use and renewable energy Emphasize a common vision on renewable energy and sustainable energy • Identify renewable energy potential for entrepreneurs and opportunities to finance these projects • Increase awareness within the public and private sectors • 1.2 Target group This seminar is aimed at entrepreneurs, the relevant public sector, government, private organizations and NGOs. The aim is to reach 80 to 100 participants 1.3 expected results Convince the public and private sectors and especially entrepreneurs and government agencies of • the importance of renewable energy sources (RES) and increased energy efficiency (EE), the op- portunities they offer and the necessary policies to achieve sustainable development. Reveal part of the missing information needed to make decisions that will lead to sustainable • development. Identify measures that could lead to greater energy efficiency and a higher share of renewable • energy in Suriname Opportunities for financial assistance through the “Clean Development Mechanism” » Ways to improve balance of payments » Highlight difficulties and challenges for achieving greater energy efficiency and to achieve more • renewable energy projects in Suriname, Increase the awareness of entrepreneurs, on energy efficiency and renewable energy. • 7 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” 2 opening session 2.1 introduction, Suriname Business Development Center Director, Mr. ir. ernie P.isselt Ladies and Gentlemen, Good morning Welcome, Minister of Natural Resources and Energy It is an honor to welcome you to our seminar on “Renewable Energy Potential and Business Opportunities in Suriname”. My name is Ernie Isselt, Director of Suriname Business Development Center, an organ of the Suriname Business Forum. The SBF was established by law with a goal to stimulate the “sustainable development of the local private sector and has presented the National Strategy for such development as received from its Partners in order to deepen and implement it. Partners in the Suriname Business Forum include the Private Sector (ASFA, KKF and VSB), the Public Sector (Ministry of HI, Finance, Justice and Police, LVV) and civil society (the Labor Ravaksur, AdeK University of Suriname, NGOs WBG). One of the tasks of the SBC is to play a facilitating role and ensure that partners and the community are provided with adequate information and data to assist them in policy formulation, policy implementation measures, reforms, investment, efficiency-enhancing activities in the Private and Public Sectors, and all this with a view to “sustainable development of the Local Private Sector”. Today we will focus on “Renewable Energy” and in particular the potential of Suriname, but also the need for energy and thereby open eyes to beneficial opportunities available for the Surinamese Private Sector. We are pleased with our choice and also the timing on this issue. Not long ago, namely last week, we heard many world leaders, and leaders of the world’s largest economies state that “Providing incentives for energy efficiency and clean energy are the right things to do for our future” and “ That the Nation that leads the clean-energy economy will be the nation that leads the global economy”. Ladies and gentlemen, the chair of the day’s program lies in the hands of the chairman, Dr. Ir. Viren Ajodhia. Before passing the leadership to Dr. Ir. Viren Ajodhia, may I welcome Ms. Esmeralda Hernandez Aragones, Chargee d’Affaires, Delegation of the European Union. 8 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” 2.2 welcome words from Mr. ing. orlando dos Ramos, Chairman Suriname Business Forum Thank you chairman, Honorable Minister Gregory Rusland, Ms. Esmeralda Hernandez Aragones, Director EBS Ir. Watson, other staff members of energy companies, Suriname Business Development Center director, esteemed speakers. It gives me particular pleasure to welcome you here today on behalf of the Suriname Business Forum, a warm welcome at this seminar where we look at the “Renewable energy potential of Suriname and the business opportunities thereof”. Suriname as a developing country finds itself in a fairly good position in terms of energy supply. Although we may not all be satisfied, we must surely realize that we have our own oil production. A lot of other developing countries cannot say that. We have a hydropower station at Afobaka and more potential in western Suriname and elsewhere in the country. We have possibilities for use of biomass in Suriname. We have had four wet years with lots of energy supply from Afobaka. Part of our energy supply is still generated from crude oil. That we produce oil in Suriname is something we should be happy about, yet oil is a reserve that will eventually run out. It is our duty to ensure that we look at renewable energy opportunities, so our children and our grandchildren can also have energy available for their needs. There has been, in recent years a huge growth in demand for energy. Electrical energy has experienced growth in peak capacity of between 6% and 8% per annum and it looks unlikely that this will quickly diminish. That means an additional capacity of 10MW per year, or expressed differently, we will need to install big machines each year, such as the four EBS has ordered. And if we keep installing such big machines, at some point Saramacca Street may be too small! In the transport sector it is obvious to everyone that we have had a tremendous growth in the number of vehicles, the number of motorized vehicles. I think there is now three times more vehicles than about 15 years ago and all use fuel. But also in industry there are companies involved in energy intensive activities. We are all happy with the gold industry, which is a big income generator, but there alone 20 MW is used. It is therefore necessary that we start discussing the energy situation and that together we consider how we can make this necessity of life last. For years, previous governments have not placed the necessary level of focus on energy. The main focus has been on medical care, education, helping poor people and the elderly. These are all very important things, but we all need energy supply. There is clearly more attention being given to energy supply by the current government. There have been a number of meetings in recent years where people have started to address the issue. Several options and possibilities have been offered and these have given impetus to implementation of various projects. I think of solar energy. We have a wonderful project at Kwamalasumutu. Unfortunately this is no longer running due to lack of maintenance. We have at the Brownsberg site a long time power supply to the Telesur communications station with a hybrid system largely fueled on solar power. Now there is a cable installed to the site. We have had several small applications as well. We have the traffic lights and for a long time now, road markers seen in the river powered by solar energy. We also have biomass. As early as in the 60s, electric power in Wageningen in the district of Nickerie, has been generated using 9 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” chaff. In 1975 upgrades were done raising the output to 1,250 kW, nearly half of the supply needed in Wageningen. That was all generated with the burning of chaff with a very special furnace used to generate steam and a steam turbine electric generator powered by a left turn. Also, electric generation and Victoria Mariënburg with steam which Bagase burned to generate steam. These forms of biomass utilization are unfortunately lost. An attempt in the district of Nickerie to use rice for power generation is unfortunately not off the ground. I think one of the later speakers will discuss them extensively. Also attempts to use wood waste are never really seriously. But we have a lot of possibilities. Today we will cover how we can work on the demand side. We have a growth of 6%- 8% or maybe 10% per year. Can we slow growth a bit? Can we without losing a bit of the enjoyment get our energy consumption less? A few years ago, the Ministry of NH and the Government of Cuba implemented a project to replace incandescent bulbs. This project should have a sequel, especially to consider the possibilities of the LED lights that have become so popular. We can also help save us energy. But I think that greater savings are possible through the application of more efficient electrical machines. For example, air conditioners we import should conform to the Energy Efficiency Rate, or EEA, because there are machines available working on half of the wattage for the same cooling capacity. We must look at the way we build, that we utilize the sun energy to our gain and limit the energy used for cooling to a minimum. Ladies and gentlemen there is much to do. I thus conclude my welcome speech and wish you a fruitful seminar. Thank you. 10 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” 2.3 Speech Chargee d’affaires Delegation of the european union Mrs. esmeralda Hernandez aragones Good morning. From the 1 st of December 2009 the treaty of Lisbon became into force and the delegation of the European Commission, has become the European Union Delegation, or the Delegation of the European Union. During this small introduction I want to thank you for inviting me today, to be here on this new seminar organized by the Suriname Business Development Center. Thank you very much Chairman of the Suriname Business Forum, Suriname Business Development Center and Minister and also the ladies and gentlemen that are here today in this seminar. In 2006 the law was passed by the Suriname assembly to put forward the dialogue between the public and the private sector in Suriname. The Suriname Business Development Center is the operational arm, a platform for dialogue, of the Suriname Business Forum and the European Union is supporting with a budget of 2.4 Million Euro in order to assist this initiative and to put forward all dialogue initiatives in the public and business sector in Suriname. Today the topic of your seminar “Renewable Energy Potential of Suriname and Business opportunities” is very interesting. All day representatives, institutions, organizations, companies, Ministries that will discuss today the different aspects of enabling energy and business in Suriname will be a success. I liked really to mark my support, not only personal, but also the support of the European community to this initiative and this seminar and that you are very successful in the outcome of this seminar. Thank you. 2.4 opening speech Minister of natural Resources, Mr. Dr. gregory Rusland Chairman and Board of Suriname Business Forum Director, Ms. Esmeralda Hernandez Aragones, Delegation of the European Union, Directors, Vice Directors, representatives of various organizations, dignitaries, it is good to deepen a few things. Looking at the theme, title “Renewable energy potential and business opportunities in Suriname” then you may wonder what is intended. Is the intention to look at energy toward business community, or should you look for opportunities for the business community to do business within the energy framework and of course gain profit from them. Whichever way we look at it, is good to take a look at the current energy situation in Suriname. When we compare ourselves with our fellow countries in the region, you will understand that we have done pretty well. Sometimes with a bit of luck as we have sufficient water in the reservoir and sometimes a little less luck (the current situation we now face). But in any case, if we look at energy in Suriname, we see that EBS (the Energy Company Suriname) and Electrification Supply Department (DEV) of the Ministry of Natural Resources have an important role. EBS is responsible for the coastal side and DEV is mainly responsible for the villages in the interior. The largest amount of energy is still used in the coastal plain, Paramaribo. If we look at the past year 2009, we have a peak power level of about 160 MW and an average power of 140 MW. This has largely been handled from the Afobakadam through Suralco. We note that, because of water problems we had in the lake during the last period (months), Alcoa has 11 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” indicated that the demand that can be covered by our dam is limited to 80 MW. The remainder must be insured by ourselves and we do that with generators of EBS and NV State Oil Company Suriname. At present, we can pretty well satisfy the energy out there, but we know there is still some sensitivity in the system. Hence, we have recently taken the decision to increase capacity: SA EBS is currently an extra generator to purchase with a capacity of 7 MW and State Oil is working on two generators to buy. Within a few months (March, April 2010) we additionally will increase power by a further 21 MW. I always refer to the energie top we had in 2008. They made a prognosis, and Mr. Orlando dos Ramos mentioned a growth rate of 6% per year, 8% a year, but if the EBS figures are accurate we notice that we have had a growth rate above 10% per year over the past eighteen years. The expectations we had in 2008 for the next 15 years with a forecast for 2023, with the growth rate of 10% per year are underestimated and we need much more energy than predicted by time (325 MW). That means we will have to consider how we can respond to this demand. During the energy top it became clear that hydropower is one of the main alternatives to fill this gap in Suriname. That is also good because it is one of the clean energy sources. It will also require taking into account the necessary problems in the field of environment, social life etc. We need to make every effort to realize the potential of our renewable resources to the maximum. But we must not close our eyes to other forms of energy, including bioenergy, solar and wind energy. We realize that in Suriname at the moment, the government, the Ministry of Natural Resources, can use all the support of experts from outside the Department, or outside the government to ensure that we are preparing and conducting a good policy. As responsible for the Ministry of NH we look at the opportunities we have. We see a relatively weak structure within the government and so we make good use of the influence of the EBS and State Oil. About three years ago, I asked Staatsolie to coordinate a number of issues relating to renewable energy. Since then, there is a piece of close contact between the State Oil and the Ministry of Natural Resources, even at international forums the Ministry of NH is often represented by people from State Oil. You also notice that there are activities within the company where we are going to maximize uptake and use of Renewable Energy Sources. Recently some areas of the ex SML were purchased, with the intention of building pilot installations for biomass energy generation. In that area, there is support from outside. When we talk about Bioenergy, Brazilians are very far. At the highest level, the Presidents of both countries, the level of ministries and at the expert level, agreements have been made. This technical exchange with experts and people including State Oil, with support from Brazil will be provided. In the Caribbean, various initiatives have been undertaken by others and I can cite that we are currently engaged, along with the University, in an inventory of issues related to wind energy. More information on this issue will probably be provided later by experts. We note that in the field of bio-ware there is an initiative to create an institute. This initiative was initiated by business, with Phytotech (plant breeding) and the Ministry of NH, the University and Staatsolie seeking how to respond to the issues which today are important and will be so in the future. I think I should cite it as a concrete example of a connection between Renewable Resources and Business Opportunities. If we look at your position in the energy supply in Suriname, you will not have to wait for the government, but you have to take your own initiatives, to create your own place and respond to the opportunities that exist within this sector. For me, there is ample room for the government. I think this remark is clear, we are looking forward to all information, all support that can be given to the sector 12 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” of the Renewable Energy and Clean Energy, in order to position us well in the future. Suriname has the potential and I think we then have to respond. We have also seen that our hydropower potential has helped us well in the recent past compared with other countries in the region. Some of these countries do not have the capital they need to invest in energy supply. We have the benefits of hydro Suriname supported by oil. Ladies and gentlemen, I think I should say that such comments are Wellcome, we again look for the information you want to bring to us, so we can adapt our policies accordingly. With these words I wish you every success as the Suriname Business Forum seminar and I declare the seminar open. 13 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” 3. energy balance and energy indicators 3.1 Clean Development Mechanism (CDM): opportunity for Suriname?, niMoS, Ms. Farzia Hausil Together we will go through the background of CDM. Due to the effects of global warming, which is caused by emissions of greenhouse gases, countries have decided to reach international agreements. These arrangements can be found in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change or UNFCCC and the Kyoto Protocol. In the Kyoto Protocol is explicitly included that industrialized countries reduce their emissions of greenhouse gases by an average 5% compared to 1990 levels, and this over the period 2008-2012. To meet this reduction commitment several instruments are handed to these countries. One of these tools is the Clean Development Mechanism or CDM. The point is that these countries, which have too high a goal of limiting their emissions, embark on projects related to clean technology in developing countries, including Suriname. The CDM has a commercial character, on the one hand it provides additional investment in developing countries, and on the other hand it ensures that developed countries can meet their reduction obligations in a cost effective way. Renewable energy projects are a good example of CDM projects. Here an overview of the sectors and their corresponding emissions of greenhouse gases in Suriname. In the past, there have been a number of studies related to this issue. The latest study is that of 2003, which can be found in our First National Communication. The energy sector is the largest source of CO 2 emissions through the use of fossil fuels. Implementation of CDM in Suriname: Suriname has ratified the UNFCCC in 1997, the Kyoto Protocol in 2006 and in March 2008, the Minister of ATM signed with UNEP RISO Centre an agreement to implement the project CD4CDM. The aim of this project is to increase the knowledge on CDM and its potential and strengthen the capacity to formulate CDM projects and implementation. The project started in April 2008, workshops were organized, and the CDM Committee was formally established in July 2009. An awareness website was constructed and we have participated in Carbon Expo to promote Suriname as CDM destination. There are several requirements to participate in the CDM: (1) ratify the Kyoto Protocol (realized), (2) establishment of a CDM infrastructure (completed). The structure is as follows: the Minister of ATM is the contact for the CDM and the Kyoto Protocol. The main task is to evaluate CDM projects. The majority of CDM projects also interferes with other ministries, thus there is an interdepartmental working group (NH Department, University). 14 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” UNFCCC has standard project documents. What are the identified CDM projects? The Minister and Mr. dos Ramos have already talked about a few of these. Some examples are: the use of solar energy, converting municipal waste into energy, the diversion of the Tapanahoni River in Jaikreek and on to the reservoIr. Rice husk gassing electricity generation in Nickerie. This project is in a very advanced stage because both the PIN and PDD are completed. We are also approached by AdeKUS with the idea to plant mangroves along the coast. The project may also qualify for CDM. We are awaiting the project proposal. The progress of the project CD4CDM: We are now in the final phase. To conclude the project we will carry out a feasibility study. It has already been indicated what the possibilities for Suriname are. If we could pour into a CDM picture and post how much CO 2 we can effectively avoid and what such a project would cost, the study will be complete. A new topic is the establishment of a CDM portfolio in Suriname plus more work on awareness and training on CDM. We will very briefly look at the results of the major climate conference in Copenhagen in December 2009. The negotiations did not result in a legally binding document. As developed, the Copenhagen agreement, which I describe as an out-line or a “Future Framework to Address Climate Change” it is more of a political document. Also with regard to progress after 2013, there are no binding agreements between countries, i.e. that the negotiations within the Working Group under the Kyoto Protocol will continue. Some elements included in the agreement: Efforts to limit the maximum temperature increase to no more than 2oC will be continued; in order to stabilize greenhouse gas emissions for developed countries, the Copenhagen agreement added an annex prompting emission targets until 2020. For developing countries there are mitigating measures included, but Suriname was an exception (and on voluntary basis). We decide when we want to perform and provided we get money from developed countries. To finance what is included in the short term, a sum of U.S. $ 30 billion will be released for “the most vulnerable countries”, but how all that will work has not been determined. Finally: “the future of our business is being designed now, let us being organized”. 3.2 (oil) energy balance of Suriname, Suriname State oil Company, Mr. annand Jagesar First we talk about oil, then we will see how fast Suriname must look at other sources of energy and we do this by checking how much reserves we have and how long we can continue with the current oil reserves. Then we make a final remark on renewable energy. The organizers of this seminar asked me to focus also on “Business Opportunities”. 15 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” 3.2.1 The oil Balance of Suriname 15 3.2 (Oil)EnergybalanceofSuriname,SurinameStateOilCompany, Mr.AnnandJagesar Firstwetalkaboutoil,thenwewillseehowfastSurinamemustlookatothersourcesofenergyandwe dothisbycheckinghowmuchreserveswehaveandhowlongwecancontinuewiththecurrentoil reserves.Thenwemakeafinalremarkonrenewableenergy.Theorganizersofthisseminaraskedmeto focusalsoon"BusinessOpportunities". 3.2.1 TheOilBalanceofSuriname Figure1:Demand&SupplyofOilProducts,Staatsolie,“Energybalancefossiloilproducts”,Mr.AnnandJagesar,1February 2010. ItwasachallengetocompileFigure1.Thebarsrepresentenergydemandandthelinessupplydataand estimatesofStateOil.Theneedforheavyoilisshowninorangebars(about3.2millionbarrels/year), thedemandfordieselproductsingreenbarsandgasolinedemandinthebluebars.Itisunderstandable thatyoumayhavequestionsaboutthedata.Weexpectaratherfastgrowthinoildemandbecauseof theincreasingnumberofcarsontheroads,butwecouldnotdeducethateffectfromofficialfigures.We workonlywithofficialdata,sothepresentedfiguresaretheofficialones.Someordersofdemandlevels: thegasolineconsumptionisabout350,000liters/day,thedieselconsumptionisabout525,000liters/ dayandtheconsumptionofheavyoilismuchhigherduetoSuralcousingthisenergysourcetogenerate processheat. WhatcanwenowsupplyfromStaatsolie?Wemakealittlebitofdieselinthecurrentrefinery:350 barrels/dayandthemajormissing(larger)partisnowimported(i.e.thedifferencebetweenthegreen barsandthegreenline).Wedonotproducegasolineatthemoment,soalldemandissatisfiedby importedgasoline.Weproducealotofheavyoilandthesurplusbetweenthelocalsupply(redline)and thelocaldemand(inorangebar)isexported.Whenournewrefinerywillbeoperational(in2014),the situationswillchangeandwewillfullymeetthedieselneeds,andalmostallthegasolinedemand. Insteadofbeingamajoroilexporterwewillbecomeamajoroilimporter.Wehavesufficientheavyoil Domestic Diesel/ Gasoline/ Fuel oil Demand & Production - 1,000,000 2,000,000 3,000,000 4,000,000 5,000,000 6,000,000 2 0 0 7 2 0 0 8 2 0 0 9 2 0 1 0 2 0 1 1 2 0 1 2 2 0 1 3 2 0 1 4 2 0 1 5 2 0 1 6 2 0 1 7 2 0 1 8 2 0 1 9 2 0 2 0 b b l s / y e a r Diesel demand Gasoline demand Fuel Oil demand Staatsolie diesel production Staatsolie gasoline production Staatsolie Fuel Oil production Realization Figure 1: Demand & Supply of Oil Products, Staatsolie, “Energy balance fossil oil products”, Mr. Annand Jagesar, 1 February 2010. It was a challenge to compile Figure 1. The bars represent energy demand and the lines supply data and estimates of State Oil. The need for heavy oil is shown in orange bars (about 3.2 million barrels / year), the demand for diesel products in green bars and gasoline demand in the blue bars. It is understandable that you may have questions about the data. We expect a rather fast growth in oil demand because of the increasing number of cars on the roads, but we could not deduce that effect from official figures. We work only with official data, so the presented figuresare the official ones. Some orders of demand levels: the gasoline consumption is about 350,000 liters / day, the diesel consumption is about 525,000 liters / day and the consumption of heavy oil is much higher due to Suralco using this energy source to generate process heat. What can we now supply from Staatsolie? We make a little bit of diesel in the current refinery: 350 barrels/day and the major missing (larger) part is now imported (i.e. the difference between the green bars and the green line). We do not produce gasoline at the moment, so all demand is satisfied by imported gasoline. We produce a lot of heavy oil and the surplus between the local supply (red line) and the local demand (in orange bar) is exported. When our new refinery will be operational (in 2014), the situations will change and we will fully meet the diesel needs, and almost all the gasoline demand. Instead of being a major oil exporter we will become a major oil importer. We have sufficient heavy oil to meet the local need, but at the moment we are not able to satisfy the demand of the much higher quality e gasoline and diesel products. If we express total demand in barrels, it is about 14,500 barrels / day and production of State Oil is 16,000 barrels / day, we are an exporter in barrels. 3.2.2 The oil payments balance In money terms the picture is very different because we import gasoline and diesel which are much more expensive than heavy oil. 16 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” 16 tomeetthelocalneed,butatthemomentwearenotabletosatisfythedemandofthemuchhigher qualityegasolineanddieselproducts. Ifweexpresstotaldemandinbarrels,itisabout14,500barrels/dayandproductionofStateOilis 16,000barrels/day,weareanexporterinbarrels. 3.2.2 Theoilpaymentsbalance Inmoneytermsthepictureisverydifferentbecauseweimportgasolineanddieselwhicharemuch moreexpensivethanheavyoil. Figure2:Estimatedeffectonthebalanceofpayment(MillionsUS$),Staatsolie,“Energybalancefueloilproducts”,Mr. AnnandJagesar,1February2010. Figure2showstheestimatedimpactonthebalanceofpayments.Actuallytheinternaldemandof petroleumproductshasaseriousimpactonthecurrencymarketbecauseforgasolineanddiesel importstheoilcompaniesaredependentontheforeignexchangemarket.Thiseffectexistsnow. Despitethefactthatwearenetexportersinbarrels,weconsumequitealotofcurrencytomeet demandinSuriname.Theyear2008isanoutlier,butFigure2showsthetrendthatisdominatedbythe largeincreaseinrefinedproductionbyStateOilfrom2014on.Justbeforeandjustafterthatyearwe seeaslightdeclinebytheincreaseindemandforgasolineanddiesel.Assoonastherefinerywillbe operational,itwillcreateagreatrelieftotheforeignexchangemarket. 3.2.3 Oilreserves Searchforresourcesisachallenge.Thecompanyfirstexploitstheknownreservesandwithtimegoing onitbecomesincreasinglydifficulttodiscovernewresources.Staatsoliehasacomprehensiveprogram designedtoprovideresources.Ittakesalotofmoneyandtimeandultimatelygeologicalstudiesneedto -300 -250 -200 -150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150 200 2 0 0 1 2 0 0 2 2 0 0 3 2 0 0 4 2 0 0 5 2 0 0 6 2 0 0 7 2 0 0 8 2 0 0 9 2 0 1 0 2 0 1 1 2 0 1 2 2 0 1 3 2 0 1 4 2 0 1 5 2 0 1 6 2 0 1 7 2 0 1 8 2 0 1 9 2 0 2 0 M i l l i o n s Jaren W a a r d e Net balance Figure 2: Estimated effect on the balance of payment (Millions US $), Staatsolie, “Energy balance fuel oil products”, Mr. Annand Jagesar, 1 February 2010. Figure 2 shows the estimated impact on the balance of payments. Actually the internal demand of petroleum products has a serious impact on the currency market because for gasoline and diesel imports the oil companies are dependent on the foreign exchange market. This effect exists now. Despite the fact that we are net exporters in barrels, we consume quite a lot of currency to meet demand in Suriname. The year 2008 is an outlier, but Figure 2 shows the trend that is dominated by the large increase in refined production by State Oil from 2014 on. Just before and just after that year we see a slight decline by the increase in demand for gasoline and diesel. As soon as the refinery will be operational, it will create a great relief to the foreign exchange market. 3.2.3 oil reserves Search for resources is a challenge. The company first exploits the known reserves and with time going on it becomes increasingly difficult to discover new resources. Staatsolie has a comprehensive program designed to provide resources. It takes a lot of money and time and ultimately geological studies need to be done: exploration, drilling and geological studies again and eventually you can add a number of sources. Sometimes you do a lot of research and it delivers nothing. Two explored tracks were useless and we are investigating two other tracks that could provide a lot more than expected. This is related to the uncertainty we face in exploration. What does our exploration program look like? We had a very large exploration campaign in 2007 -2008 and we did not yet explore much further than the Tambaredjo field. We have tapped Nickerie, Coronie and been to Commewijne with our exploration activities. It looks good and we expect that by 2013 approximately 64 million barrels may be credited to our actual reserves (80 million barrels) or 13 years of production. Adding those 64 million barrels 17 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” we arrive at a total reserve a little over 20 years of production. If we follow that path, we must ensure that after 20 years other energy sources become available. Also our offshore program looks very interesting, but we think the likelihood of success is lower and the time to come to reserves is much longer. As you know, Repsol in 2008 drilled a hole in a block and that has costed U.S. $ 100 million. They have collected a lot of information but no oil, the risk of offshore exploration is a lot higher than onshore. You can sometimes spend a lot of money and fail. We achieved our work program and there are quite a few experts that stay convinced that sooner or later we will find additional reserves. But it takes a lot of money. A new oil source actually costs U.S. $ 100 million. If you compare the required investment with the sales figure of State Oil, it is clear that State Oil is not willing to finance that risk. 3.2.4 one fnal remark on “Renewable energy” The story of the Hubert peak is basically the ultimate driving force behind the nervousness in the oil market. The Hubert peak is the time corresponding to maximum oil production. The question is whether we have already reached that peak. Experts say no, because there is still plenty of scope for higher production, so the peak will move forward into the future. But oil will become more expensive. In our case, approximately 80% of the oil stays (remains) in the soil (Recovery leak), that is simply inherent to the oil industry. You can extract the oil in a much more intensive way out of the ground (Enhanced Oil Recovery), but it costs a lot more money. To do it in a cost efficient manner, oil price should increase. You need a higher oil price, and that will shift the peak to a later date. In 2008, the high oil price was a market signal that there can be a shortage of cheap oil in the future. The financial crisis followed by an economic crisis reduced oil demand so that the oil price returned to a more normal level. 18 Figure3:PeakOilestimationand‘oilͲrelated’mitigations,Staatsolie,“Energybalancefueloilproducts”,Mr.AnnandJagesar, 1February2010. Becauseofthehighoilprices,themarketwaslookingatcheaperalternatives.Ithassignaledsupportfor renewableenergy.Let’slookatrenewableenergy. 3.2.5 Shareofrenewableenergyinglobalprimaryenergysupply Stillabitofreality.In1973,globalprimaryenergysupplywasaround6,000megatonnesofoil equivalent.Thatamountofenergywassuppliedforabout89%byfossilfuel(SeeFigure4).In2007,the primaryenergysupplyapproximatelydoubled,butitisstill82%fossilͲbased.Thepercentageof renewableenergyevendecreased(notwithstandingthedevelopmentof"NewRenewables");the differencewassuppliedbynuclearandhydro.Thereisstillaverybiggaptoclosebetweenfossilfuels andrenewables. Figure4:Shareofenergysourcesintheglobalprimaryenergysupply,Staatsolie,“Energybalancefueloilproducts”,Mr. AnnandJagesar,1February2010. Figure 3: Peak Oil estimation and ‘oil-related’ mitigations, Staatsolie, “Energy balance fuel oil products”, Mr. Annand Jagesar, 1 February 2010. Because of the high oil prices, the market was looking at cheaper alternatives. It has signaled support for renewable energy. Let’s look at renewable energy. 18 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” 3.2.5 Share of renewable energy in global primary energy supply Still a bit of reality. In 1973, global primary energy supply was around 6,000 mega tonnes of oil equivalent. That amount of energy was supplied for about 89% by fossil fuel (See Figure 4). In 2007, the primary energy supply approximately doubled, but it is still 82% fossil-based. The percentage of renewable energy even decreased (not withstanding the development of “New Renewables”); the difference was supplied by nuclear and hydro. There is still a very big gap to close between fossil fuels and renewables. 18 Figure3:PeakOilestimationand‘oilͲrelated’mitigations,Staatsolie,“Energybalancefueloilproducts”,Mr.AnnandJagesar, 1February2010. Becauseofthehighoilprices,themarketwaslookingatcheaperalternatives.Ithassignaledsupportfor renewableenergy.Let’slookatrenewableenergy. 3.2.5 Shareofrenewableenergyinglobalprimaryenergysupply Stillabitofreality.In1973,globalprimaryenergysupplywasaround6,000megatonnesofoil equivalent.Thatamountofenergywassuppliedforabout89%byfossilfuel(SeeFigure4).In2007,the primaryenergysupplyapproximatelydoubled,butitisstill82%fossilͲbased.Thepercentageof renewableenergyevendecreased(notwithstandingthedevelopmentof"NewRenewables");the differencewassuppliedbynuclearandhydro.Thereisstillaverybiggaptoclosebetweenfossilfuels andrenewables. Figure4:Shareofenergysourcesintheglobalprimaryenergysupply,Staatsolie,“Energybalancefueloilproducts”,Mr. AnnandJagesar,1February2010. Figure 4: Share of energy sources in the global primary energy supply, Staatsolie, “Energy balance fuel oil products”, Mr. Annand Jagesar, 1 February 2010. Business Opportunities: Staatsolie will concentrate on its core business and we always try to do it incrementally. There are oil provinces in the world (eg Houston) where you can get someone around the corner to drill for you 6 oil sources and someone else to build a production plant. We did not have that luxury in Suriname. The oil industry has developed slowly and we continue that way as far as the subcontractors follow. The scale is also important; you need to have a critical size to do this job. We think we have a little tranquility in the petroleum field and we will divest some activities. The experience is that a lot of subcontractors have grown with State Oil and I think with success. In our international contracts, we have always included an article that we want to maximize the contribution of the local component and that means favorizing local business and attracting staff in Suriname. In many countries it is a dead intention, because companies ultimately give priority to business. Staatsolie is still trying to force people to adhere to this clause. 3.3 electricity: demand, supply and future perspectives, eBS, Mr. ir. Samuel Mehairjan A small summary: The EBS celebrates its 100 th birthday and has 11 companies at different locations with power plants in the Saramacca-street, Clara polder Nickerie, Wageningen, Apura, Coronie, Brokopondo, Moengo and Albina, Ogane Livorno and Ogane Longmay Nickerie. The head office is at the Noorderkerk-street, West Kanaal-street and Head office at Livorno. EBS employs 943 persons. 19 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” 3.3.1 electricity demand The electricity demand in the EPAR zone is growing (EPAR is the environment of Paramaribo, Wanica, Commewijne, Saramacca and part of Para district). From 1970 to 2009, peak load increased from 22 MW to 170 MW. This is due to the increasing demand in industry, trade and household’s (due to the growth of population). Especially additional equipment such as air conditioners, hydropfores, washing machines, TVs, computers and electric stoves provide additional demand. Recently demand is also rising in the mining sector (gold and oil sectors). 20 Figure5:Historicalgrowthinpeakdemandforelectricpower(MW)oftheEPARnetwork1970ͲOctober2009,KEMA forecastedthreescenariosfrom2007to2020,basedonS.Mehairjan(EBS),"Electricity:supply,demandandfuture prospects",Slides4and5 KEMAprojectedannualgrowthinastudyoftheEPARnetworkbetween2007and2020.Inthisstudy, threegrowthscenarioswereconsidered:(1)lowscenario,2.7%/year,(2)basescenario6.4%/year,(3) highscenario10.0%/year.Thecurrenttrendindicatesahighscenarioanditisexpectedthatin2015,in EPARalone,theloadof250MWwillbeexceeded,andin2020theloadwillgouptobetween300and 425MW.Thiscontinuedstronggrowthrequiresanumberofpreconditions,includingacertainstability inthecountry. Figure6:Growthandsectoraldistributionofelectricenergy,basedonS.Mehairjan(EBS),February1,2010,"Electricity: supply,demandandfutureprospects",Slide6 Ͳ 100 200 300 400 500 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 P o w e r ( M W ) Demandofelectricalpeakpower(MW), historical(EPAR)andKEMAprognose(EPAR) Iamgoldexcluded HISTORICAlDEMAND LOWSenario BASEScenario HIGHScenario Ͳ 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 2006 2007 2008 2009 E l e c t r i c a l e n e r g y d e m a n d ( G W h / y e a r ) Electricalenergydemand(GWh/year),EPAR+Rosebel Diversen Rosebel Industriele Commerciele Huishoudelijke Figure 5: Historical growth in peak demand for electric power (MW) of the EPAR network 1970 - October 2009, KEMA forecasted three scenarios from 2007 to 2020, based on S. Mehairjan (EBS), “Electricity: supply, demand and future prospects”, Slides 4 and 5 KEMA projected annual growth in a study of the EPAR network between 2007 and 2020. In this study, three growth scenarios were considered: (1) low scenario, 2.7% / year, (2) base scenario 6.4% / year, (3) high scenario 10.0% / year. The current trend indicates a high scenario and it is expected that in 2015, in EPAR alone, the load of 250 MW will be exceeded, and in 2020 the load will go up to between 300 and 425 MW. This continued strong growth requires a number of preconditions, including a certain stability in the country. 20 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” 20 Figure5:Historicalgrowthinpeakdemandforelectricpower(MW)oftheEPARnetwork1970ͲOctober2009,KEMA forecastedthreescenariosfrom2007to2020,basedonS.Mehairjan(EBS),"Electricity:supply,demandandfuture prospects",Slides4and5 KEMAprojectedannualgrowthinastudyoftheEPARnetworkbetween2007and2020.Inthisstudy, threegrowthscenarioswereconsidered:(1)lowscenario,2.7%/year,(2)basescenario6.4%/year,(3) highscenario10.0%/year.Thecurrenttrendindicatesahighscenarioanditisexpectedthatin2015,in EPARalone,theloadof250MWwillbeexceeded,andin2020theloadwillgouptobetween300and 425MW.Thiscontinuedstronggrowthrequiresanumberofpreconditions,includingacertainstability inthecountry. Figure6:Growthandsectoraldistributionofelectricenergy,basedonS.Mehairjan(EBS),February1,2010,"Electricity: supply,demandandfutureprospects",Slide6 Ͳ 100 200 300 400 500 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 P o w e r ( M W ) Demandofelectricalpeakpower(MW), historical(EPAR)andKEMAprognose(EPAR) Iamgoldexcluded HISTORICAlDEMAND LOWSenario BASEScenario HIGHScenario Ͳ 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 2006 2007 2008 2009 E l e c t r i c a l e n e r g y d e m a n d ( G W h / y e a r ) Electricalenergydemand(GWh/year),EPAR+Rosebel Diversen Rosebel Industriele Commerciele Huishoudelijke Figure 6: Growth and sect oral distribution of electric energy, based on S. Mehairjan (EBS), February 1, 2010, “Electricity: supply, demand and future prospects”, Slide 6 21 Figure7:GrowthinthenumberofEBScustomers(EPARRosebel+),basedonS.Mehairjan(EBS),February1,2010, "Electricity:supply,demandandfutureprospects",Slide6 3.3.2 Electricitysupply Figure8showsthegrowthintotalelectricitysupply(from914GWh/yearin2006to1179GWh/yearin 2009)thatwasrequiredtofulfilltheincreaseinEPARandIamgoldenergydemand.In2007and2008 additionalwatersupplyfromthehydropowerplantcoveredtheadditionaldemand,butin2009yousee thesignificantcontributionofEBSandSPCintheenergysupply. Figure8:ElectricitySupplytocoverthedemandofEPARandIamgold,2006Ͳ2009(GWh/year).BasedonS.Mehairjan(EBS), February1,2010,"Electricity:supply,demandandfutureprospects",Slide7 WecandeducethatinthepasttwoyearstheKEMA"highgrowth"scenariowassurpassed(10Ͳ13%). Thetotalpowerdemand(EPAR+RosebelGoldMines)hasaveraged148MW.Inthepastyearthe averagesalebySuralcoofhydroelectricpowertotheGovernment(NVEBS)wasreviseddownwards Ͳ 20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000 2006 2007 2008 2009 NumberEBScustomers(EPAR+Rosebel) Diversen Rosebel Industriele Commerciele Huishoudelijke Ͳ 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 2006 2007 2008 2009 S u p p l y o f E l e c t r i c E n e r g y ( G W h / y e a r ) SupplyofElectricEnergy(GWh/year)tocovertheEPARand Iamgolddemand,from2006to2009 OpwekkingEBS InkoopSPCS InkoopSuralco+Iamgold Figure 7: Growth in the number of EBS customers (EPAR Rosebel +), based on S. Mehairjan (EBS), February 1, 2010, “Electricity: supply, demand and future prospects”, Slide 6 3.3.2 electricity supply Figure 8 shows the growth in total electricity supply (from 914 GWh/year in 2006 to 1179 GWh/year in 2009) that was required to fulfill the increase in EPAR and Iamgold energy demand. In 2007 and 2008 additional water supply from the hydro power plant covered the additional demand, but in 2009 you see the significant contribution of EBS and SPC in the energy supply. 21 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” 21 Figure7:GrowthinthenumberofEBScustomers(EPARRosebel+),basedonS.Mehairjan(EBS),February1,2010, "Electricity:supply,demandandfutureprospects",Slide6 3.3.2 Electricitysupply Figure8showsthegrowthintotalelectricitysupply(from914GWh/yearin2006to1179GWh/yearin 2009)thatwasrequiredtofulfilltheincreaseinEPARandIamgoldenergydemand.In2007and2008 additionalwatersupplyfromthehydropowerplantcoveredtheadditionaldemand,butin2009yousee thesignificantcontributionofEBSandSPCintheenergysupply. Figure8:ElectricitySupplytocoverthedemandofEPARandIamgold,2006Ͳ2009(GWh/year).BasedonS.Mehairjan(EBS), February1,2010,"Electricity:supply,demandandfutureprospects",Slide7 WecandeducethatinthepasttwoyearstheKEMA"highgrowth"scenariowassurpassed(10Ͳ13%). Thetotalpowerdemand(EPAR+RosebelGoldMines)hasaveraged148MW.Inthepastyearthe averagesalebySuralcoofhydroelectricpowertotheGovernment(NVEBS)wasreviseddownwards Ͳ 20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000 2006 2007 2008 2009 NumberEBScustomers(EPAR+Rosebel) Diversen Rosebel Industriele Commerciele Huishoudelijke Ͳ 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 2006 2007 2008 2009 S u p p l y o f E l e c t r i c E n e r g y ( G W h / y e a r ) SupplyofElectricEnergy(GWh/year)tocovertheEPARand Iamgolddemand,from2006to2009 OpwekkingEBS InkoopSPCS InkoopSuralco+Iamgold Figure 8: Electricity Supply to cover the demand of EPAR and Iamgold, 2006 - 2009 (GWh/year). Based on S. Mehairjan (EBS), February 1, 2010, “Electricity: supply, demand and future prospects”, Slide 7 We can deduce that in the past two years the KEMA “high growth” scenario was surpassed (10-13%). The total power demand (EPAR + Rosebel Gold Mines) has averaged 148 MW. In the past year the average sale by Suralco of hydroelectric power to the Government (NV EBS) was revised downwards twice, first to 95 MW in the month of August 2009 and later to 80 MW in the month of September 2009. The extreme drought last year led to a shortage of water in the reservoir and thus insufficient water for power generation. The missing power is now produced by the EBS and the SPCS plants. This forced the EBS and SPCS to use all available resources, a total of 55-65 MW diesel generators. But the demand of Iamgold further increased to 22 MW, so the production is still inadequate and Suralco needed to generate an additional 20 MW by thermal power. The red line in Figure 9 shows the demand for electrical power and the evolution in the short term. There are solutions to meet the demand: EBS 9 MW, 14 MW SPCS, EBS Bruynzeel power plant 60-90 MW, development of Tapa-Jai, Bruynzeel II with 120 MW and development of alternative energy. These are all business opportunities in Suriname. The average generation of Saramaccastraat is around 50 MW. At this time, all production is at its maximum. Reason enough to continue looking for solutions. 22 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” 22 twice,firstto95MWinthemonthofAugust2009andlaterto80MWinthemonthofSeptember2009. Theextremedroughtlastyearledtoashortageofwaterinthereservoirandthusinsufficientwaterfor powergeneration. ThemissingpowerisnowproducedbytheEBSandtheSPCSplants.ThisforcedtheEBSandSPCStouse allavailableresources,atotalof55Ͳ65MWdieselgenerators.ButthedemandofIamgoldfurther increasedto22MW,sotheproductionisstillinadequateandSuralconeededtogenerateanadditional 20MWbythermalpower. TheredlineinFigure9showsthedemandforelectricalpowerandtheevolutionintheshortterm. Therearesolutionstomeetthedemand:EBS9MW,14MWSPCS,EBSBruynzeelpowerplant60Ͳ90 MW,developmentofTapaͲJai,BruynzeelIIwith120MWanddevelopmentofalternativeenergy.These areallbusinessopportunitiesinSuriname.TheaveragegenerationofSaramaccastraatisaround50 MW.Atthistime,allproductionisatitsmaximum.Reasonenoughtocontinuelookingforsolutions. Figure9:SolutionforshortͲtermproblemsofenergysupply,S.Mehairjan(EBS),February1,2010,"Electricity:supply, demandandfutureprospects",Slide8 Theaverageannualgrowthofelectricityis8Ͳ13%.Theinvestmentsforadditionalgenerationof9+14 MWaredirectlyrequiredandanadditionalpowerof60MWwithintwoyears.TheNVEBSplansto buildathermalpowerplantinthreephasesatBeekhuizenwithatotalcapacityof200MW.The investmentofoverU.S.$200millionconsistsof:(1)Civilengineeringworkssuchasfoundations, 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 Sep 09 Oct 09 Nov 09 Dec 09 Jan 10 Feb 10 Mar 10 Apr 10 May 10 Jun 10 Jul 10 Aug 10 Sep 10 Oct 10 Nov 10 Dec 10 Jan 11 Feb 11 Mar 11 Apr 11 May 11 Jun 11 Jul 11 Aug 11 Sep 11 Oct 11 Nov 11 Dec 11 EBSBruynzeelII EBSBruynzeelI Staatsolie EBSMachine#20 EmergencyUnits SuralcoTG2 ExistingSupply Demand OptimalSupply Level Figure 9: Solution for short-term problems of energy supply, S. Mehairjan (EBS), February 1, 2010, “Electricity: supply, demand and future prospects”, Slide 8 The average annual growth of electricity is 8-13%. The investments for additional generation of 9 + 14 MW are directly required and an additional power of 60 MW within two years. The NV EBS plans to build a thermal power plant in three phases at Beekhuizen with a total capacity of 200 MW. The investment of over U.S. $ 200 million consists of: (1) Civil engineering works such as foundations, buildings, steel structures, access roads, (2) mechanical work such as: transport oil, water, machinery, tanks, piping, (3) electrical works such as transmission, substation, SCADA, cabling, control. 3.3.3 inter-connection Suriname – French guyana The distance between Paramaribo and Albina is 139 km. On the Surinamese side is the voltage is 161 KV with a frequency of 60Hz. The French system is 90 kV with a frequency of 50Hz. Asynchronous systems cannot be connected together that is why a DC interconnection is necessary. In Albina comes a frequency transformation that connects both systems. The 161 kV line Menckendam - Albina will have an approximate cost of $ 30 million and the Albina conversion station will cost approximately $ 20 million. This project does not have high priority. Benefits for Suriname: (1) dynamic stability can improve, in case of rural disturbances we can help each other, (2) the sale of energy from the Jay-Tapa project. EBS has a large and comprehensive study carried out by Tractebel. Why is this project not a priority for EBS? At present there is not enough energy available. 23 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” 3.3.4 additional electricity Supply with Renewable energy Definition of: “Sustainable power generation”: a form of power generation, which can be maintained economically without depleting or damaging the resources. “Renewable power generation”: a form of power generation, in which the required resources are normally replenished through natural processes. Renewable Biomass: planning of a rice husks power plant in Nickerie (4 MW), planning of a sugar • cane bagase power plant in Wageningen (MW), planning of a waste burning power plant (10 MW), research on gasification of wood waste to generate electricity. Biofuels: ethanol Wageningen and possibly elsewhere. • Hydropower projects: Jai-Tapa and Marowijne, Kabalebo, Micro-hydro development in many rivers. • 3.3.5 Rational use of energy and energy effciency Reduction of network losses: • With higher transmission voltages used in transmission and distribution of electricity, the loss » will fall from 10% to 5%. Ensuring voltage- and power households using advanced computer applications that currently exist in » Network Manager, including Energy Management Systems (EMS) and Distribution Management Sys- tems (DMS). Using these tools enables business managers to proactively monitor the network simu- lation, knowledge of Optimal Power Flow, Contingency Analysis and for example State Estimators. Quality of Supply, Power Quality: devices work in the right voltage waveform (sinus) and voltage. » Energy Efficient • Efficient Lighting » Economical Devices » Stand-by power savings » In the energy sector there are large investments expected in the coming years, due to growth and replacement investments. 3.3.6 Conclusions and Recommendations Renewable energy should be applied more often and higher voltages should be implemented to reduce losses in transmission, and reduce losses in distribution. Solar energy and energy efficient equipment need a high priority for use in households and innovative techniques in the indust. Recommendations: Suriname will also have to go along with the new techniques of sustainability and renewable energy • in order to conserve the environment. Educational institutions should adapt their curriculum including sustainable energy. • Create awareness of the society in sustainable energy. • Companies should deploy trained technical staff about the rapid developments and savings. • 24 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” 3.4 Questions energy balance and energy indicators 1.Q. Mr. V. Huseini. What is being done to reduce the CO2 and how do we use the waste material? 1.A. Ms. F. Hausil, NIMOS For example the rice husk in the district of Nickerie, currently we have a project proposal for that project. The rice husk will be used to generate electricity. With regard to waste in Paramaribo, the Ministry of Public Work is looking at waste disposal at this moment. They are also looking at the opportunity to make a CDM project. We advice companies to use energy efficient equipment in their operations. Mr. S. Mehairjan, EBS The only waste product that EBS generates is sludge from lubrication oil. This is all burned. Long time ago we used to burn it at Beekhuizen (Bruynzeel). As Bruynzeel is closed we bought a special high temperature burner, this is one of the best ways to get rid of it. 2.Q. Mr. V. Huseini Is anybody thinking of nuclear as an option in the energy mix? 2.A. Mr. S. Mehairjan, EBS Nuclear energy is clean. Why don’t we invest in it? We have to know the boundaries of our capabilities. If Nuclear would be an option, it’s my opinion that French Guyana or Brazil should do it and that Suriname could buy the power from them. 3.Q. Mr. I. Sno, ABS The demand for electric power is increasing. What is the increase in supply of electrical energy? 3.A. EBS The delays that have existed in new connections are now eliminated, so the demand for electricity grows faster than in the period when no new customers were connected. 4.Q. Mr. I. Sno, ABS If we all pull the plug and start saving energy, this is probably good for the country, but how good is it for EBS? Will the income from EBS reduce and resulting to even more subsidies and more tax money? 4.A. Mr. S. Mehairjan, EBS All energy that can be saved will become available to cover a part of the major growth. These savings will not happen until you feel them financially in your pocket. 5.Q. Mr. Man A Hing, KKF. There is no legislation to support investors who can generate electricity and to distribute it through the EBS network. EBS is the only company that can distribute electricity. In the past this has been a problem between State Oil and EBS. If we are not working to draft a legal work, we can not expect the private sector to invest in generation of solar energy or wind power, etc. What is the current situation regarding the law in Suriname? 25 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” 5.A. Mr. S. Mehairjan, EBS I fully agree with Mr. A Man Hing. You need legislation, if you want people to install power generation on their roof tops and supply this energy to the network. Regarding distribution, we see that in many other countries there are multiple providers, customers can choose where to buy energy. Mr. A. Jagesar, State Oil The Ministry of NH is working on legislation and I think that in that process the parties will be heard and that you probably will have the opportunity to get your voice heard. 6.Q. Mr. Thalea, ABS, How can we (ABS) get the data in a structured way? 6.A. Mr. A. Jagesar, Staatsolie, If you need data, you can always send a request for data to State Oil. Mr. S. Mehairjan, EBS You can also submit a request to the EBS and we will respond. 7.Q. Mrs. J. Simons, If you speak about energy, you should first look to energy efficiency. How much energy can be saved? Is there any data available? What would be the meaning of legislation in this part? 7.A. Mr. S. Mehairjan, EBS There is no data on energy efficiency (it is not measured at this moment). The EBS generates and buys electricity, and distributes it to meet customer demand. EBS did not yet deal with the devices the customer uses and how he deals with electricity. The question now is: who should do this? Is it the task of EBS, State Oil, the consumer association, NH, KKF, etc? If we want to have lower emissions and greater energy efficiency, it will have to come from somewhere. 8.Q. Mrs. J. Simons We discussed funding. One of the questions dealt with small energy generation, such as solar energy on the rooftops of houses. This is only possible if sufficient funding is available. Is there funding available? 8.A. Ms. F. Hausil, NIMOS In my presentation I tried to clarify the possibilities for financing renewable energy projects. The Clean Development Mechanism or CDM could play a role. 9.Q. Mr. D. Lachman What are the performances of our two semi-governmental companies: EBS and State Oil company, concerning the emission of greenhouse gases? 26 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” 9.A. Mr. A. Jagesar, Staatsolie As far as I know there is only limited emission of methane in the operations of State Oil. Although the final product cause CO2 emissions. State Oil is currently not looking to this area. I ‘am amazed with your statement that emissions of Suriname per capita are one of the highest. I don’t have the figures yet but I would be very amazed. Mr. S. Mehairjan, EBS When EBS purchases we chose for modern techniques during the last 10 years. For example, the inefficient generators of Nickerie were all replaced. Fortunately we have good oil with low NOx. The auxiliary engines are of good quality. In Suriname we are aware of the importance of energy efficient transformers (98%, 99%). The distribution is the biggest problem. 10 Mrs. J. Simons I’m glad to hear that EBS is making an effort to work correctly and in an efficient manner, but maybe the previous question is more linked to our very inefficient transport and public transport than on EBS and State Oil. According to my information it would be possible to get 30% to 40% of energy savings when you specifically invest in energy efficiency. 27 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” 4 Business opportunities for energy effciency and Renewable energy 4.1 energy indicators and missing knowledge, adeKuS, Mr. ir. Cornel wijngaarde We will see an overview of basic energy indicators and more specifically those for renewable energy and for missing knowledge. The presentation will end with a proposition. 4.1.1 Basis energy indicators The NV EBS knows well the basic energy indicators while this is less the case for the “Dienst Energie Voorziening” (DEV). Table 1: Basic electricity indicators Generation, Network installed capacity • characteristics of power stations (thermal, renewable, nuclear) • transmission- and distribution network characteristics • Load base and peak power • Daily, monthly and annual load curves • average load per day, month and year; (kWh / capita) • growth rate estimation • 4.1.2 other key indicators The statistical agency “ABS” has also demographic indicators. Legal indicators are very important in the energy field: Economic / Financial (ex. Pricing System, average income per capita by region, GDP, ‘Rating’ of • the country) Geographic and Demographic (ex. location and composition of residential communities) • Legal (ex. Electricity). • 4.1.3 Specifc indicators for Renewable energy You will find the key Renewable Energy Indicators in the left side of Table 2, and the source for this information is represented in the right side of this table. Notice that it is very diverse, but if you look well you will find this information. It would be better to consolidate the available data at one central place. 28 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” Table 2: Renewable energy indicators Renewable Energy Sources Indicator: most important indicators Information sources: technical and practical Water Hydrological (flow, fall) • Energy demand, network • Geographical location • Min. NH, Min. OW&V (waterloopkundige dienst), AdeKUS (Infra), NGO’s (DRES), UNDP, Min. RO/FOB. Sun Solar intensity and duration • Power, network • Community. Geographical location • Min. NH, Min. OW&V (meteorologische dienst), AdeKUS (Elektro, WB, Nat), UNDP, NGO’s (PAS, METS, Rotary), NASA website Biomass What’s Bio-Energy Crops’, • Soil. Biomass per day, month, year. • Energy demand, network. Geographi- • cal location Min. NH (EBS, Staatsolie), Min. LVV, AdeKUS (IGSR, FTeW), NGO’s (Rotary e.a.) Wind Wind Speed Profile • Power, network • Geographical location • AdeKUS(FTeW), Min. NH, Min. OW&V (meteorologische dienst), NASA website(atmosferisch research data) “The solar irradiation” is an example of a specific renewable energy indicator. A number of • measurements shows that there is about 5 kWh/m 2 .day or 18 MJ/m 2 .day global horizontal so- lar irradiance in Paramaribo. This averages approximately 500 W/m 2 of solar radiation 10 hours a day. A practical example of the use of PV solar panels is the holiday resort: Palumeu from the METS. Since the electricity is used for a projector and a DVD player. Many of the en- ergy needed for the resort is provided by PV panels. There are many examples of PV sys- tems in Suriname, but I’ve cited this example because it is a system that is working very well. The Energy laboratory of the Faculty of Technological Sciences recently received a PV system for research purposes, through cooperation with a Flemish university. Wind: The Electrical Engineering Department of the Technological Faculty has set up two wind tow- • ers to measure wind speed at Nickerie and Galibi. This project is executed in cooperation with the Ministry of Natural Resources and the CARICOM Secretariat through a project of the Caribbean Re- newable Energy Development Program, CREDEP. This project has been closed and the CARICOM Energy secretariat does a follow-up. At Galibi, Christian Kondre and Krutu-oso a 34 m long wind measurement tower is installed. » We measure the wind speed and direction at 30 and 20 meter height. The data is logged and is collected every two months. At New Nickerie, the wind measurement tower is located near the airport. Probably, the mast » should be moved, because of expansion of the airport. Wind: during the day 9-18 h (± 9 hours long) measured wind speeds between 6 and 8 m/s. What are the possibilities through biomass? • In Nickerie, there is enough rice husk for a power station of 4 MWe. The construction would » provide an immediate solution to an acute environmental problem. 29 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” At Wageningen, State Oil has a project to make ethanol from sugar cane. » At Goejaba there is a pilot project to make Biofuel from Jatropha Curcas. » Hydropower Projects: • Jaikreek-Tapanahony river hydropower project. Estimated 400 MW. » Gran Holo mini-hydro project. Estimated 100 kW. » Gran Kriki small-hydro project. Estimated 15 MW. » Puketi Micro-Hydroelectric power plant 40 kW. » Micro-Hydro Panato central (20 kW?) Unfortunately, this plant is not operational. » Specific information of Renewable Energy is very dispersed in Suriname. We have many organizations that are engaged and it sometimes happens that the Ministry of Natural Resources does not know that certain electricity projects have been launched. That should change. Energy policy is the responsibility of the Ministry of Natural Resources and some projects are executed by other Ministries in cooperation with an NGO. Then you get the problem of the operation of this power station after the completion of the project. 4.1.4 Missing Knowledge Hydrological data measured over a longer period (several years) is missing. Due to the internal war • a lot of stations have been lost. AdeKUS is now measuring the solar intensity and the duration. Measurement in the forest is very • different than in the city due to shadows of trees. Biomass: what kind of energy crops • For wind The east side of the Brokopondo Reservoir could be an interesting place to install small • wind turbines. The reservoir can act like a big open space similar to an ocean, with higher wind speeds. Other missing knowledge has to do with ways to operate such power generation plants in a social, economic and politically correct way. Problems exist for all our micro hydro power plants. Cases are initiated and implemented, but in one way or another we are not able to maintain and operate the Hydro Electric Power Plant in a sustainable way. This is a very big problem. 4.1.5 Steps to take Implementation of the KEMA Report (2008): “SURINAME POWER SECTOR ASSESSMENT AND ALTERNATIVES FOR ITS MODERNIZATION”. This report is known to many, but others are not aware. The establishment of a National Energy Institute • Setting Electricity Commission Rates • 30 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” Focus areas: Incentives for renewable energy (subsidies and introduction of ‘feed-in tariffs’) • National Energy fund (funding scientific research in the field of renewable energy sources) • Adaptation legislation. • 4.2 Potential energy savings and Renewable energy Potential of Suriname: basic concepts, Stichting energie & Duurzame ontwikkeling Suriname, Mr. ing. Johan geeraert, MSc, MBa The presentation covers two subjects: Rational use of Energy and Renewable Energy Potential of Suriname. 4.2.1 Rational use of energy Who uses energy? Why? How much do we consume? Energy to maintain the life functions => 109 W / capita. • Energy to improve the living conditions: • Global primary energy use per capita » => 2353 W/capita = 2007 robots, or 22 energy robots / capita Suriname, Primary energy consumption per capita » => 3160 W/capita = 1999 robots, or 29 energy robots/ capita. Drivers of energy consumption The primary energy TPED (Total Primary Energy Demand) is driven by the size of the population (N capita), the activity of this population (for nations, the activity is usually expressed in monetary value of the Gross National Product or GNP or Gross Domestic Product GDP) and the energy intensity of this activity (EI): TPED (J/jaar) = N (capita) *BNP (US$/capita.jaar) *EI (J/US$) Each of the three terms (N, BNP and EI) changes over time, so that the primary energy consumption will also change from year to year. However we can discover a trend in these changes. In 1950, Suriname had almost 180,000 inhabitants and 50 years later it was 2.6 times as much and the Surinamese population reached the milestone of 500,000 residents probably around the end of 2005. At a continued growth rate of 1.4%/year, we will reach the milestone of 1 million residents within 45 years and at a growth rate of 1.2%/year within 54 years. 31 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” 32 Figure10:Thepopulationgrowthasdriverfortheenergyconsumption,J.Geeraert,February1,2010 TheGrossNationalProduct PPP ofSurinamegrewonaverageby7.5%orslightlymorethanadoublingin thelast10years,whilelastyear(2009)thisgrowthreducedto3%. Figure11:TheGrossNationalProductasdriversfortheenergyconsumption,J.Geeraert,1February2010 Ͳ 200,000 400,000 600,000 800,000 1,000,000 1950 2000 2050 PopulationofSuriname,(countedandprojected) Source:ABS,2008,2009 Geprojecteerdegroeivoet1,2% Geprojecteerdegroeivoet1,4% Geteld Expon.(Geteld) 0 1 2 3 4 5 1980 1990 2000 2010 G D P P P P ( G U S $ ) Grossdomesticproduct purchasingͲpowerͲparity(PPP) ofSuriname(BillionUS$) source:http://www.indexmundi.com/suriname/gdp_(purchasing_power_parity).html Figure 10: The population growth as driver for the energy consumption, J. Geeraert, February 1, 2010 The Gross National Product PPP of Suriname grew on average by 7.5% or slightly more than a doubling in the last 10 years, while last year (2009) this growth reduced to 3%. 32 Figure10:Thepopulationgrowthasdriverfortheenergyconsumption,J.Geeraert,February1,2010 TheGrossNationalProduct PPP ofSurinamegrewonaverageby7.5%orslightlymorethanadoublingin thelast10years,whilelastyear(2009)thisgrowthreducedto3%. Figure11:TheGrossNationalProductasdriversfortheenergyconsumption,J.Geeraert,1February2010 Ͳ 200,000 400,000 600,000 800,000 1,000,000 1950 2000 2050 PopulationofSuriname,(countedandprojected) Source:ABS,2008,2009 Geprojecteerdegroeivoet1,2% Geprojecteerdegroeivoet1,4% Geteld Expon.(Geteld) 0 1 2 3 4 5 1980 1990 2000 2010 G D P P P P ( G U S $ ) Grossdomesticproduct purchasingͲpowerͲparity(PPP) ofSuriname(BillionUS$) source:http://www.indexmundi.com/suriname/gdp_(purchasing_power_parity).html Figure 11: The Gross National Product as drivers for the energy consumption, J. Geeraert, 1 February 2010 32 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” The energy intensity of the GDP may as well increase as decrease, depending on the stage of development of the population or the state of the society. 33 TheenergyintensityoftheGDPmayaswellincreaseasdecrease,dependingonthestageof developmentofthepopulationorthestateofthesociety. Figure12:Theenergyintensityasadriverofenergyconsumption,J.Geeraert,February1,2010 Noexponentialgrowthrateisultimatelysustainable.Apositivegrowthraterunsalwaysoutofhand(if wewaitlongenough). Table1:GrowthofTotalPrimaryEnergydemand(TPED),asafunctionofincreasingpopulation,increasingprosperityand reducingtheenergyintensity(firstapproachbyaggregatingindicatorsfromdifferentperiods). Growthrate(%/year) Double/Halftime Increaseofpopulation 1,2%…1,4%/year у50year Increaseofprosperity(ȴGDP2000Ͳ2009) 1 7,5%/year 9,3year Reductionofenergyintensity 2000Ͳ2007 Ͳ1,6%/year 44,6year TPED(J/year) 7,3%/year 9,6year Definition:RationalUseofEnergyREG: x Consciouslyrefrainfromenergyuse x IncreasetheEnergyefficiencyinthechain:PrimaryEnergy=>Finalenergy=>Energyservices 1 BasedontheGDP 2000 ͲGDP 2009 innominalterms,disregardingtheinflation.Thecalculatedexponentialgrowth rateisoverestimated. 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 1980 1990 2000 E n e r g y I n t e n s i t y ( M J / U S 0 5 $ ( P P P ) Energyintensity: TotalPrimaryEnergyConsumptionperrealisedUS$GDP Bron:EIA/DOE,http://tonto.eia.doe.gov Brazil FrenchGuiana Guyana Suriname Figure 12: The energy intensity as a driver of energy consumption, J. Geeraert, February 1, 2010 No exponential growth rate is ultimately sustainable. A positive growth rate runs always out of hand (if we wait long enough). Table 3: growth of Total Primary energy demand (TPeD), as a function of increasing population, increasing prosperity and reducing the energy intensity (frst approach by aggregating indicators from different periods). growth rate (%/year) Double /Half time Increase of population 1,2% … 1,4%/year ≈ 50 year Increase of prosperity (ΔGDP 2000- 2009) 1 7,5%/year 9,3 year Reduction of energy intensity 2000-2007 -1,6%/year 44,6 year TPeD (J/year) 7,3%/year 9,6 year Definition: Rational Use of Energy REG: Consciously refrain from energy use • Increase the Energy efficiency in the chain: Primary Energy => Final energy => Energy services • 1 Based on the GDP2000 - GDP2009 in nominal terms, disregarding the inflation. The calculated exponential growth rate is overestimated. 33 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” Primary energy is transformed into Final Energy, usually electricity, and this is further transformed into energy services such as: air conditioning, radio, TV, etc. In this whole chain of transformation about 2/3 of the energy is theoretically lost. Only half of this amount can be recovered economically. Paradoxes Not always, both the consumer and society benefit from Energy Efficiency measures. The Rebound Effect: is the phenomenon that occurs for example if a more energy efficient car is bought and more mileages are driven per year, so that eventually savings in energy consumption is less than expected at constant mileage. Classifying Energy Efficiency (EE) measures Each EE measure represents a saving in energy consumed, but also represents a specific investment cost. How can the various measures being compared with each other? As a teaching model and indicative, seven different EE measures are reviewed and classified according to various criteria: cost of the EE measures as % of GDP (abscissa) and costs per kWh saved energy EE (US $ / kWh) (ordinate scale). 34 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” 34 PrimaryenergyistransformedintoFinalEnergy,usuallyelectricity,andthisisfurthertransformedinto energyservicessuchas:airconditioning,radio,TV,etc.Inthiswholechainoftransformationabout2/3 oftheenergyistheoreticallylost.Onlyhalfofthisamountcanberecoveredeconomically. Paradoxes Notalways,boththeconsumerandsocietybenefitfromEnergyEfficiencymeasures. TheReboundEffect:isthephenomenonthatoccursforexampleifamoreenergyefficientcarisbought andmoremileagesaredrivenperyear,sothateventuallysavingsinenergyconsumptionislessthan expectedatconstantmileage. ClassifyingEnergyEfficiency(EE)measures EachEEmeasurerepresentsasavinginenergyconsumed,butalsorepresentsaspecificinvestment cost.Howcanthevariousmeasuresbeingcomparedwitheachother?Asateachingmodeland indicative,sevendifferentEEmeasuresarereviewedandclassifiedaccordingtovariouscriteria:costof theEEmeasuresas%ofGDP(abscissa)andcostsperkWhsavedenergyEE(US$/kWh)(ordinate scale). Figure13:EstimationofthenetEEgainperkWhsavedenergyasafunctionofthetotalcostsavingforSuriname,J.Geeraert, February1,2010 The(asanexample)incompleteidentifiedeconomicEEpotentialofSurinameisalready~18%ofthe energyconsumption.ThereisadditionalresearchneededtocompletetheEEpotentialofSurinameand itshouldbecheckediftheenergypricesinSurinameencourageEnergyEfficientmeasures. 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0 1 2 3 4 5 C o s t s a v i n g s E E p e r k W h s a v e d e n e r g y ( U S $ / k W h ) SumcostsavingsEE(%BNP2008) WKKLM6000extrapolatienaar Suralco Nieuweenergiezuinigeauto's (100000) Distributietransfo'smetlage nullastverliezen EnergiezuinigekoelkastenA+++ (150000) Spaarlampenipvgloeilampen (500000) WKKStaatsolie Figure 13: Estimation of the net EE gain per kWh saved energy as a function of the total cost saving for Suriname, J. Geeraert, February 1, 2010 The (as an example) incomplete identified economic EE potential of Suriname is already ~ 18% of the energy consumption. There is additional research needed to complete the EE potential of Suriname and it should be checked if the energy prices in Suriname encourage Energy Efficient measures. 35 Figure14:yieldfromsevenEEmeasures.ThenetcostsavingperkWhofenergysavedbytheEEaction(US$/kWh)onthe rightscale.Relativeyield(%)ofthemeasureagainsttheenergyofSurinamein1999ontheLeftHandScale,J.Geeraert, February1,2010 4.2.2 RenewableEnergy Ifthesavingspotentialislessthanthegrowthinenergydemand,asisthecase,additionalpower generationcapacitywillbeneeded,preferablyrenewableenergy. WhyRenewableEnergy? RenewableEnergyisaglobalresponseto:(1)safeguardingthenationalenergysupplyandindustrial productionand(2)lowcarbonenergy. InthespecificsituationofSuriname: • Renewableenergyproductionaffectsourenergybalanceinapositivewayorthedifference betweentheenergyexportsͲimportbecomeslessnegativeandmayevenbecomepositive. • Renewableenergyproductionaffectsourbalanceofpayments.Energyproducts(mainlyoil)are expressedinUS$.IfweuselessoilwewillneedlessUS$currencytopayforthatproduct,orifwe canexportelectricity(eg,FrenchGuiana)wewillreceiveUS$(orEuro). Howeveritislikelythattheinitialinvestmentinrenewableenergywillbefinancedpartlyby borrowedcapital,andthisborrowedcapitalandtheinterestthereonmustberepaidinUS$tothe financinginstitutionabroad. 0.19 0.12 3.51 3.51 0.35 13.68 0.12 0.23 0.18 Ͳ0.23 0.06 0.11 0.05 0.03 Ͳ0.30 Ͳ0.20 Ͳ0.10 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 OpbrengstvandeREGmaatregel (%vanhetenergieverbruikin1999van Suriname) Kostenbesparingvoorklantensamenleving (US$/kWh) Figure 14: yield from seven EE measures. The net cost saving per kWh of energy saved by the EE action (US $/kWh) on the right scale. Relative yield (%) of the measure against the energy of Suriname in 1999 on the Left Hand Scale, J. Geeraert, February 1, 2010 35 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” 4.2.2 Renewable energy If the savings potential is less than the growth in energy demand, as is the case, additional power generation capacity will be needed, preferably renewable energy. Why Renewable Energy? Renewable Energy is a global response to: (1) safeguarding the national energy supply and industrial production and (2) low carbon energy. In the specific situation of Suriname: Renewable energy production affects our energy balance in a positive way or the difference be- • tween the energy exports - import becomes less negative and may even become positive. Renewable energy production affects our balance of payments. Energy products (mainly • oil) are expressed in US $. If we use less oil we will need less US $ currency to pay for that product, or if we can export electricity (eg, French Guiana) we will receive US $ (or Euro). However it is likely that the initial investment in renewable energy will be financed partly by bor- rowed capital, and this borrowed capital and the interest thereon must be repaid in US $ to the financing institution abroad. The Kyoto Protocol supports renewable energy projects through funding with the Clean Devel- » opment Mechanism (see presentation Ms. Farzia Hausil, NIMOS). Renewable Energy fully supports the “green strategy” that Suriname currently develops. » Some basic concepts Energy occurs in the form of: stocks (expressed in Joules) • Flows (expressed in watts). • A stock can be used when you need it (example: oil) and a flow can only be used when it is present (if the sun shines, if wind is available, if there is water, biomass is an exception that is temporarily stored as stock). The inherent variability of renewable energy increases the investment cost and is one of the weaknesses of that energy source. The energy stocks are further divided into: Energy sources • Energy reserves that can economically be exploited at the prevailing market prices and with the • technology that is available at this moment. 36 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” The challenges and threats: Not so much the exhaustion of fossil fuel reserves • The climate challenge obliges to low carbon energy supply • Rough estimates of the Renewable Energy Potential of Suriname A distinction must be made between theoretical potential (which is maximum physically possible), technical potential (which is technically feasible on the available implantation sites and taking into account the efficiency to transform into electricity or final energy) and economic potential (taking into account the capital costs and market prices). Not all potential may already be estimated on the basis of currently available partial information. Tabel 4: Rough estimates of the national share of renewable energy potential of Suriname, J. geeraert, 2009 Theoretical Technical economical Mw gwh year Mw gwh year Mw gwh year Hydro power 7.987 2.419 120 180 450...650 ~900 1577 3350...4350 Biomass: Waste of 150.000 m³/ jaar lumber exploitation 16,5 144 Biomass: Rice husks Solar - energy 34.129.167 100 100 Wind 12,5 25 37 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” 4.3 Questions Business opportunities in demand side management and additional production from renewable energy 1.Q. Mr. S. Tjong-Ahin A question following the introduction presentation of Mr. Wijngaarde regarding statistics, a source of annoyance to a lot of people. We see in his statement that the information on energy is everywhere and that if you really want to make a good overview, five to ten sources should be consulted and often you will find no aggregate data on the energy sector. I would like to know your opinion about this. I would like to add that one of the officers of ABS asked a question to someone from State Oil Company. But the problem I have and I do not want to pick a quarrel with Mr. Sno, if the ABS would have access to figures, I would not get those figures from the ABS because the ABS has (rightly) a non-disclosure policy. In other words, if there are only two or three sources then you don’t get the number because then you could deduce that the data comes from State Oil. 1.A. Mr. C. Wijngaarde, AdeKUS Of course you could state that the Department of Natural Resources and Energy should have access to the data. We all know how it goes, lack of executives, etc. That is why in the study by KEMA is proposed to set up an energy institute where all data flows. 2.Q. Mrs. J. Simons What is the situation of small hydropower plants in the interior? Is it true that some no longer work? Is there information about what exactly happened, both with the people involved from the beginning and those who have built it and the local population, because you need that if you want to formulate a policy 2.A. Mr. C. Wijngaarde. AdeKUS Regarding experiences on hydropower, this information is also spread. If I’m not mistaken, the builder of the first mini-hydroelectric power at Poketi, Mr. Del Prado, is here with us today, he obviously has a lot of information. At NH you will have to search for information. Another hydroelectric station is being built at Gran Holo Sula by the Ministry of Regional Development. Another one at Panato, was built by the University, Mets and the UNDP. You have to figure out who built all these things and where to look for information. Then there is a thesis of Mr. Van Els. His conclusion is that we haven’t managed it on social, socially and political level. Mr. A. Del Prado In the late 70, I had the opportunity to install a small hydroelectric station in the interior of Suriname. There are several reasons why there is no data available. One of the reasons is that, after operations of the mini-hydroelectric power at Poketie on August 28, 1981 (energy was being delivered) three weeks after, I received a letter saying I can’t go to Poketie anymore. I still have the original letter, signed on behalf of the Minister. The minister knew nothing about this letter. Where do these dark forces against hydropower come from? Although there were all kind of problems: poor accessibility, infrastructure difficulty, the project reached its goal within two years time to generate power of around 50 kW. I haven’t heard anything since I left Poketi in September 1981, except that holes have been plugged with concrete, things that needed to be finalized were never executed. Today we all realize that it worked for 4 years. Sometimes 4 or 5 weeks without anyone doing maintenance. So it was maintenance free and you did not have to operate it. There are still problems but from the other mini hydroelectric stations, I hear nothing and they are still not in operation. 38 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” 3.Q. Mrs. J. Simons I’ve missed some topics in bio-fuels such as coconut oil. Are people aware of the positive characteristics of coconut? Is there anything known here? 3.A. Mr. C. Wijngaarde Regarding the bio-energy crops, there is still a lot of research done. Coconut beside, you also have elephant grass. That was one of my recommendations for a fund for Renewable Energy Research. Mr. Ing. J. Geeraert In renewable energy, each energy flow has its specific characteristics and parameter (s). For the sun you have the solar irradiance or only one parameter, with wind you have the wind speed or one parameter, with hydropower you have the relative height difference (the “fall”) and the amount of precipitation (water flow) or two parameters, but with biomass you have a whole range of different parameters and many possibilities and types of crops. That’s why there are two different approaches for Biomass: either you work pragmatically and choose a feed stock under certain criteria, or you choose an approach where you identify all potential biomass. With a pragmatic approach you look which biomass is exploited profitably and whether this is applicable in Suriname. We can have a look at our big neighbour Brazil and identify where they are successful. I would classify the bio-ethanol project from sugar cane of Staatsolie in this approach. Another alternative is to map all biomass options and rank what is most interesting for Suriname. The specific benefits of coconut may emerge. You can start with the use of the classification from the EPOBIO project. I have no specific data on coconut. Often the choice is made for an integrated approach involving all benefits for Suriname (e.g. including the risk of erosion, and possibly nutritional value of crop and eventually by-products), and not only the use of biomass for energy. 4.Q. Mrs. J. Simons Storage: We haven’t seen any technical presentations, although there are technical people here and renewable energy plays an enormously important role in energy storage. There are a number of developments in storage, but I’m not technical, I think in policy and then I think “flow batteries”. 4.A. Mr. Ing. J. Geeraert Renewable energy flows are variable and some of them fluctuate, therefore there must always be storage or other guaranteed generation capacity available. This can be done by: (1) thermal power station, (2) buffering, e.g., via battery or other temporary storage, and (3) interconnection of networks. • TodayIwillnotanalyzethecostsofanadditionalthermalpowerstationtoguarantee capacity, but these costs can weigh heavily on the overall cost of renewable energy. • Bufferingisasecondoption.Bufferingorstorageofenergyinbatteries,compressedair in underground spaces, flywheels, two water pools at different heights, etc. In batteries an electrolyte is used to transform temporarily electrical power into chemical energy. If the battery is discharged, the electrolyte will be charged again, which is time- and energy consuming. In a “flow battery”, the electrolyte of the battery is being circulated allowing components to be stored in separate tanks. The storage capacity compared to a static battery can thus be greatly increased. In some cases of car batteries, the empty battery itself is being replaced by a charged battery so that you, as in the refueling of a car, can leave immediately. 39 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” 4.A. Buffering of large quantities of energy can be done by compressed air or water storage in a basin or pool situated at a higher level than the discharge. In the last option water is pumped from a lower tank with excess energy (e.g. at night) and discharged through the water turbine during periods of high energy demand (e.g. at peak times), the water goes back to bottom just like in a normal hydro station. These are the most effective solutions for high capacities. Specific to Suriname, I think we have a big advantage with the buffering of the Afobaka reservoir which covers the different seasons (dry / rainy season). Even French Guiana is interested in our system. During the dry time their reservoir doesn’t have enough water and they have to use diesel generators. Via the interconnection with Suriname they should be able to get green power. • In general, interconnection or linking networks of suppliers is an alternative to cope with the variability and the fluctuations of renewable energy. The best known initiative is from GENI, to build a global electric interconnection. Storage or buffering is a difficult problem, technically and economically. Research is going on. The person who finds the most economic reliable solution will become a millionaire, if his system survives the initial infancy (childhood) problems. I haven’t got any specific information about flow batteries but: “The Foundation for Energy and Sustainable Development” will , focus on storage technology, including “flow batteries” in a later issue of its magazine. 40 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” 5 Panel Discussion 1: Rational use of energy or demand management for energy 5.1 Reg applications, Mr. Samuel Mehairjan (eBS/Director Transmission & generation) 5.1.1 energy saving lamps The traditional bulbs use a filament that heats up so much that it emits light. However the heat is wasted. Fluorescent lamps are a lot more economical and efficient than filament lamps. Nowadays the traditional ballast of a fluorescent lamp is replaced by an electronic ballast, in order to increase efficiency. In some of the EBS offices all the traditional ballasts were replaced by electronic ballasts. Energy consumption can thus decrease from 100% to 70%. The color of fluorescent lamps is different from that of traditional lamps and not everyone tolerates the flicker and color of fluorescent lamps. New reflectors or mirrors also provide a better and more dispersed light in the space. The LED lamps are the most efficient lights and they are still in evolution. 41 5 PanelDiscussion1:Rationaluseofenergyordemandmanagement forenergy 5.1 REGapplications,Mr.SamuelMehairjan(EBS/DirectorTransmission& Generation) 5.1.1 Energysavinglamps Thetraditionalbulbsuseafilamentthatheatsupsomuchthatitemitslight.Howevertheheatis wasted.Fluorescentlampsarealotmoreeconomicalandefficientthanfilamentlamps.Nowadaysthe traditionalballastofafluorescentlampisreplacedbyanelectronicballast,inordertoincrease efficiency.InsomeoftheEBSofficesallthetraditionalballastswerereplacedbyelectronicballasts. Energyconsumptioncanthusdecreasefrom100%to70%. Thecoloroffluorescentlampsisdifferentfromthatoftraditionallampsandnoteveryonetoleratesthe flickerandcoloroffluorescentlamps. Newreflectorsormirrorsalsoprovideabetterandmoredispersedlightinthespace.TheLEDlampsare themostefficientlightsandtheyarestillinevolution. Figure15:Evolutionofsavingsthrougheconomicalenergylamps,S.Mehairjan(EBS),1February2010,“Electricity:demand, supplyandfutureperspectives”,Slide22 5.1.2 Electronicallycontrolledengines Previously,thespeedofanelectricmotorwascontrolledbyanelectricalresistance,whichtransformed theexcessenergyintoheat.Nowadayweusefrequencyconverterswhichactonthesinewaveand thuscontroltheenginemoreefficiently. 5.2 EnergyǦefficientcars,Fernandescarcenter,Mr.GlennStekkel Howbigistheproblemthatwearediscussingheretoday? FuelischeaperhereinSurinamecomparedtoWesterncountries.Wecancomparethepriceperliterin EuropetowhatwepayperliterinSuriname.Importofusedcarsisgrowingandalmosteveryhousehold hasnowtwoormorevehicles. Figure 15: Evolution of savings through economical energy lamps, S. Mehairjan (EBS), 1 February 2010, “Electricity: demand, supply and future perspectives”, Slide 22 5.1.2 electronically controlled engines Previously, the speed of an electric motor was controlled by an electrical resistance, which transformed the excess energy into heat. Now a day we use frequency converters which act on the sine wave and thus control the engine more efficiently. 41 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” 5.2 energy-effcient cars, Fernandes automotive, Mr. glenn Stekkel How big is the problem that we are discussing here today? Fuel is cheaper here in Suriname compared to Western countries. We can compare the price per liter in Europe to what we pay per liter in Suriname. Import of used cars is growing and almost every household has now two or more vehicles. Figure16:A Thischart almost6,2 vehiclesw estimated Approxim 54,000ve Thesoluti changein tobeinvo x C h go p ti te ne d x G se Su se 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 Amountofsoldc tshowstheca 200carswere werenolonge dthatin2009 mately15,000 ehiclesonthe iontothispro attitudes(Do olved?),Legis ulture&chan ilarityinther overnmentw rotectedwith me?Ifthebu eachpeopleh eedit.Itdoes rive20km/d overnmentin evereinspect uriname.Sub econdvehicle 0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 2006 carsinSuriname arsalesover esold.Ames eravailable.T 9inallcatego vehicleswer eroads. oblemonthe owewantth lation(which ngeinattitud room).Ofcou willhavetoma hinthelaw.P usleavesat6 howtodrivef snotmakese day. ntervention:i tionofenviro bsidyofpublic einthefamily 6 2007 e,G.Stekkel(Fe thepastthre sageappeare Thismeansth oriesatotalof esoldin2008 emobilitynee atchange?), lawsshould es:peoplesh urse,you’llsa akedecentb Professionalp :00,areyoua fuelenginese ensetobuya increaseduty nmentalissu ctransport,re y. 7 2008 Autoverk 42 ernandesAutoh eeyearsinSu edinthenew hereare10,00 fapproximate 8.Overthep edsofpeople Government beused?),te houldbeenco ay:"Idonott ikepathsand publictranspo assuredthaty economically carwitha3. yonenvironm es.Emissions educingimpo 2009 kopenSurin andel),1Februa riname.Inth wsthismornin 00morevehi ely13,000ve ast3to4yea dependson intervention echnology. ouragedtous aketheriskt dtomakeitsu ortationcould youwillarrive .Choosethe 5literengine mentallyunfri standardsare ortdutiesone ame ary2010,Energy efirst4or5 ngthat,XPlic clesonthero ehicleswerea arstherewer certainaspec (Doesthego setheirbikea orideabicyc urethatcycli dbeasolutio eatworkat7 rightcarfort ewhenyoukn iendlyvehicle estillnotapp ecocars,high UsedPassen UsedPassen UsedComme NewComme NewPasseng NewPasseng yEconomiccars monthsof20 enseplatesfo oad.Wehave added. emorethan cts:culture& overnmentwa again(genera cleintraffic”. stsarewell n.Isthebuso 7:30?Wehav thepurposey nowyouonly es,thatrequir plicablein ertaxationo ngerCars ngerBusses ercialvehicle ercialvehicles gerBusses gerCars s. 009 or e ants l The on veto you y res nthe s s Figure 16: Amount of sold cars in Suriname, G. Stekkel (Fernandes Autohandel), 1 February 2010, Energy Economic cars. This chart shows the car sales over the past three years in Suriname. In the first 4 or 5 months of 2009 almost 6,200 cars were sold. A message appeared in the news this morning that, XP license plates for vehicles were no longer available. This means there are 10,000 more vehicles on the road. We have estimated that in 2009 in all categories a total of approximately 13,000 vehicles were added. Approximately 15,000 vehicles were sold in 2008. Over the past 3 to 4 years there were more than 54,000 vehicles on the roads. The solution to this problem on the mobility needs of people depends on certain aspects: culture & change in attitudes (Do we want that change?), Government intervention (Does the government wants to be involved?), Legislation (which laws should be used?), technology. Culture & change in attitudes: people should be encouraged to use their bike again (general hilarity • in the room). Of course, you’ll say: “I do not take the risk to ride a bicycle in traffic”. The govern- ment will have to make decent bike paths and to make it sure that cyclists are well protected within the law. Professional public transportation could be a solution. Is the bus on time? If the bus leaves at 6:00, are you assured that you will arrive at work at 7:30? We have to teach people how to drive fuel engines economically. Choose the right car for the purpose you need it. It does not make sense to buy a car with a 3.5 liter engine when you know you only drive 20 km / day. 42 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” Government intervention: increase duty on environmentally unfriendly vehicles, that requires se- • vere inspection of environmental issues. Emission standards are still not applicable in Suriname. Subsidy of public transport, reducing import duties on ecocars, higher taxation on the second vehicle in the family. Legislation: Excise duties on fuel, import duties on used cars, subsidies for purchase of fuel- • efficient cars, law on testing and inspection of vehicles (less or no import duties should be paid for fuel-efficient cars), and income tax should be higher for the second vehicle. Technology: car manufacturers have been working a long time on fuel-efficient vehicles. Already • in 1900 they were busy with these energy issues. The alternatives are: full electric cars, hydrogen cars, hybrid cars and cars on LPG. The technology ready exists to manufacture full electric cars. However, the purchase price » plays is high and mainly the infrastructure lacks to recharge the batteries . These cars have a limited range. You start it from home and can travel a certain distance and then you need to recharge. This is one of the characteristics of a full electric car with only an electric motor and a battery. The advantages of such a car are: zero emissions, it’s economic in use and noiseless. Disadvantages: Top speed is low (60 and 80 km/h), limited range (65 km), lack of infrastructure to recharge and you don’t hear it coming. A car on hydrogen: Hydrogen is a gas which needs to be produced. Through electrolysis, water » can be decomposed into its components hydrogen and oxygen. Electricity is needed to do this. That electricity can be generated in a sustainable way, e.g. with hydro, wind turbines or solar panels. Some advantages of the hydrogen atom: no air pollution, no carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). The only emission of a hydrogen car is steam. Hydrogen is inexhaustible and can always be made again. This car is low noise. Some disadvantages: insufficient fuel storage capacity for small cars, no infrastructure for refueling and there is electricity needed to generate the fuel. There are already running tests with hydrogen cars, mainly buses and coaches. The range of a hydrogen tank is 386 km (240 miles) before refueling. Hybrid cars: » On the dashboard there is both a charging indicator and a fuel meter. Drive with two inverters, a battery, an electric motor and an engine fuel. At high speed the vehicle drives on motor fuel and at low speed on the electric engine, e.g., traffic jam, when reversing and parking. Advantages: lower emissions in city traffic, relatively low consumption (1 liter per 20 km to 23 km, depending on model). Abroad these vehicles are being subsidized. Disadvantages: a lot of complexity in manufacturing, the demolition is environmentally unfriendly. The large batteries must be disposed and demolished in a responsible way. The batteries are heavy and take a lot of space in the trunk. With such a car you could save 6 full tanks of fuel per year. Obstacles: investment in charging points (there is no network). Can EBS handle the demand if this will be applied on a large scale? High investment costs. Limited number of garages that can support this technology. High acquisition cost of these new vehicles. Environmentally friendly disposal of batteries is not possible in Suriname. 43 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” Cars on LPG » LPG stands for “Liquefied Petrol Gas”, a clean gas and a cheap fuel. In 2005 LPG became known in Europe as a result of rising fuel prices. The installation cost to convert a vehicle to LPG fuel vary from 1200 to 3000 Euros. If you drive more than 10,000 km a year, an LPG vehicle is cheaper than gasoline and diesel. An LPG car has as a fuel tank as well as a gas cylinder and there are questions about the safety (explosion). In cars, we can say that it is safe. The LPG tanks are strong .The purchase cost of a spare tank is high. Conclusion: If natural gas would be found, LPG vehicles would be easily and immediately implementable. Conditions need to be set before the introduction of hybrid vehicles. 5.3 Climate and construction measures, applications, new Tech, Mr. werner van geel Air conditioning and construction measures are two parts. Both offer different challenges and “opportunities”. First we will talk about the air-conditioning equipment, and then we’ll go through the different ways how to build energy efficiently. 5.3.1 The residential air conditioning equipment What to look for when you go to the store to buy a small split unit? The most important parameter is “SEER” or Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio. This is a big word to indicate how economical or efficient the air conditioning is. It gives the ratio between the cooling over one season, in Suriname this is a full year (BTU), and it compares it with the electric energy (Wh) you put into it. The SEER parameter varies between 8 to 21. A unit with a SEER 20 is twice as efficient as a SEER 10 or in other words a SEER 10 consumes twice as much as a SEER20. The SEER is an important parameter if you invest in a split air conditioning unit for your home. Here a small clarification about refrigerant in order to avoid a common misunderstanding. The high SEER is not achieved because of the new environmentally friendly R410. This new refrigerant is not the cause of higher efficiency and R22 appliances are as efficient as the devices with R410. Most new appliances are built differently than the older ones. They have a larger condenser, making them easier to release all the heat at lower pressures. The compressors are more efficient. It uses variable speed compressors and variable speed fans. Measures that reduce energy use throughout the cooling season: a simple split system can be turned on and off and always runs on a kind of full load and therefore less efficiently than the modulating modern systems. 44 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” 5.3.2 The commercial installations In commercial installation, the range of opportunities for energy savings is much larger. The systems are more complicated. 1. VRF - systems with multiple units on 1 condensing unit (Marriot - McDonalds).Commercial installations nowadays are switched to “VRF” systems or “Variable Refrigerant Flow”. This is actually a kind of multi-split system, with one outdoor unit or one condensing unit linked to several indoor units. Variable Refrigerant Flow, the coolant (refrigerant) flows to the unit that needs it, no more or less is common. These systems are equipped with highly energy-efficient compressors and modulated fans. 2. Chiller systems: a. Attention to right design of the cold water circuit. Also in chiller systems, for example here at Hotel Torarica, there are a number of opportunities for savings. Good design of the chiller pipes is the basis for achieving a high return. Worldwide, there are enough examples of improperly designed systems that do not reach their full performance because they are constantly switching on and off (“cycling”). Often the reaction is to install an extra chiller, but this usually makes the situation even worse. A good design of your installation is important. b. VFD pumps instead of “continuous flow” A second trend in chiller installations is working with “variable flow” of chilled water. Previously there was a constant flow of chilled water and if cooling was not required, the water in the bypass was fed back to the chiller. That means that your pump should work on full capacity year after year. The new trend is to reduce the flow according to demand. The pump will run slower when there is less demand. This has a big influence which is understandable from the fact that the power of a pump is proportional to the cube of speed. If the flow is reduced by half, you have an eight-fold reduction in power demand. 3. Design (not too much over dimensioning) A very important factor is the sizing or capacity you install. Installations are often over-dimensioned. Why? The engineer designs a system and computes a certain cooling capacity. He doesn’t want the customer complaining and therefore adds 10%. Then a written specification is made and in that contract the 10% is stated. Then the installer has to choose a chiller. He does not want a chiller that’s 5% less powerful (even the customer doesn’t accepts this) and he also adds 5%. Eventually you come to an installation that is X% too big which makes the system very inefficient. 4. Air side. Along the air side, we also work preferably with a variable flow than with a constant flow. Just the same principle as the pumps. Do not provide constant air flow to rooms when not needed. Again the third power rule for power demand. 5. Under floor system. Then there are a number of new systems. It is quite common or known to have the inflow of cold air at the top of the room. New systems include the “Under floor systems” supplying the cold air inflow 45 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” through a raised floor at the bottom. The biggest advantage here is that the cold air does not mix with warm air. Here in this example, you got cold air blowing, but it blows into the warmest air at the top and then you get a mixture of cold air and warm air. The result is that the cold air has to be colder to regenerate the desired cooling effect. If you have an “under floor system” the temperature of the cooled air inflow can be a bit higher, which in turn can lead to energy savings. 6. “Dedicated outside air systems” or DOAS. It is common practice to mix a quantity of vicious (used) air with fresh outside air in the return of the air conditioning system. It is better to have a separate air conditioning system to provide for the supply of fresh air, you can achieve better air quality with less energy. 5.3.3 architectural measures In a tropical climate it is not easy to design and install a good air conditioning system, not so much because of the temperature but mainly because of the humidity. To master the humidity is not a simple problem. General architectural tips: 1. Minimizing the amount of windows Construct in the tropics with minimal amount of windows. Architects love glass, but this is really out of the question. 2. Windows placed near the ceiling with “overhang” for daylight, with occasionally a narrow vertical glass batch. 3. Do not put windows on the west side. For example: without such windows you would install a 10 Ton air-conditioner, but with those windows you will need additional cooling capacity to cool the additional solar gain (radiation) that is coming in through the windows. 4. Add solar shadow screens (Persian blinds) on the outside of the house. Inside the house it is already too late, you can only reflect part of the solar radiation that came in. 5. Insulate your building. Choose the correct side for the installation of the vapor barrier. The insulation has a damp-proof screen that should be on the warm (wet) side. If you place the vapor barrier in the wrong way, the insulating effect will quickly degrade. 6. No hot unventilated shafts / partitions. 7. Preferably no plenum retours for the air. Plenum retour is used for example to recirculate the air from the ceiling, it works like an aspirator. You don’t duct the air flow (without channels). 8. Maintain a slight overpressure in the building. This avoids e infiltration of unconditioned humid air in the building. Moisture requires a lot of energy to condense it. Depending on the building physics, the cooling loads could range from 70 W/m2 to 250 W/m2. Example: National Archives 70 W/m2, shading outside, good insulation, with DOAS enthalpy wheel. Result: 2 x 40 ton 2 installed, running on average at about 1/6th of its capacity (approximately 13 tons). 2 The “ton” is a U.S. unit of cooling capacity. It reflects the heat of fusion of 1 ton of ice (at 0 ° C) spread over 24h time. The heat of fusion of ice is 334 kJ / kg. The cooling power released by melting a ton of ice = 1000kg / (24h * 3600s / h) * 334 kJ / kg = 3866 W. A calculator on the Internet mentions 3517 W cooling capacity as the equivalent of melting 1 ton ice. That’s only 91% of the theoretical value. 46 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” 5.4 Vragen Demand Side Management, Rational use of energy and energy effciency 1.Q. Ms. R. Ramautar, Staatsolie Why didn’t you mention Flex Fuel cars in your list? (A flexible-fuel vehicle is a vehicle with a combustion engine that is designed to work with more than one fuel, usually a mixture of gasoline and ethanol or methanol) 1.A. Mr. G. Stekkel, Fernandes We left the information on flex-fuel cars out of the list, but that doesn’t mean that it is not an opportunity to be looked further at. 2.Q. Mrs. J. Simons I think the government has an important role in all this. I used to send my child on his or her bike on the streets and without worrying about their safety but nowadays that is not anymore possible. 2.A. Mr. G. Stekkel, Fernandes As bicyclist, you are quite right, it’s a government matter. If we want to encourage cycling, facilities should be constructed to ensure people can safely go to their destination. Only for a few roads in Paramaribo, it is still possible to to adapt them for cyclism: Hogerhuysstraat, Indira Gandhiweg, Highway Wanicastraat. The government will take the necessary measures to ensure it becomes safe for cycling. 3.Q. Mrs. J. Simons What is the advice from the business community to the government? How can we adapt the building regulations? 3.A. Mr. W. Van Geel, NewTech NewTech is an installer and we are trying to exchange views and ideas with the architects to contribute to establish energy efficient buildings that are easy to cool. I did not directly answer the question of where the link for advice to government should come from. There is a lot of knowledge from the installers and architects, some architects use these tips more than others. 4.Q. Mrs. J. Simons The lighting is interesting. Is it not the case that Suriname needs more lighting in the evenings? I heard about a fiber optic lighting. Is this an option for Suriname? 4.A. W. Van Geel, NewTech High windows are meant not to get too much sunlight, but just to have light enough so that can be saved on artificial lighting. These high windows must be combined with vertical glass windows. People do not like to have just windows without a visual contact with the outside ground. It is not always possible to let daylight falling in, especially in specific areas there would be a possibility that glass fibers could play a role, but they are likely an expensive technology. 5.Q. Mrs. J. Simons, A question about the building regulations: In our country there is a question concerning adapters. Do you not lose a lot of heat and energy in those adapters? 47 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” 5.A. Mr. S. Mehairjan, EBS I fully agree with you, the adapter is an absurdity. Most fires are caused by bad contacts. If you have an iron of 1,000 watts with a U.S. plug adapter you better install a separate American socket (outlet). Another option is to change the plug, but then warranty expires. An adapter provides a voltage drop so you can get flickering and the unit can be damaged. A lot of houses have taken the step to switch to U.S. sockets. I have 30 adapters at home because I do not know which of them is good or not. We do not have legislation that forces the installation of the European or American outlets. But we have to import electrical equipment from America, Europe and China. 6.Q. Mr. …, from Fernandes I recently heard from someone who is building a house that EBS has rejected because the electrical installation was build with U.S. plug-sockets. Why? 6.A. Mr. S. Mehairjan, EBS EBS has no specific regulation to reject or prohibit U.S. plug-sockets in the electrical installation of a house. The plug-sockets (and plugs) must however comply to a specified test standard. If they meet that standard, the electrical installation should be approved. 7.Q. Mrs. J. Simons Does EBS has figures on peak power and energy consumption of water pumps used to generate pressure on the house hold water supply (hydrophores)? 7.A. Mr. S. Mehairjan, EBS If the water company (SWM) could assure a constant water pressure, with new electronically controlled pumps, we would not need water pumps at each house hold (hydrophores). It takes about an additional peak power of 15 to 20 MW if all pumps in the city would simultaneously work in the city and a peak power of 2 to 3 MW in the districts. Actual investment in so many pumps and water tanks is destruction of capital, but the trade has earned a lot of money. 48 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” 6 Panel discussion 2: Renewable energy or additional energy supply? 6.1 Hydropower: opportunities for Suriname, Mr. eddy Frankel (Staatsolie Suriname Company) As an example of a Business Opportunity, we will see very briefly the Tapa-Jai hydropower project that Staatsolie develops. We made an assessment to evaluate the opportunities of hydropower in a broader context. We looked at the longer-term opportunities for the development of hydropower: Kabalebo hydropower project (West Suriname), Gran kriki (a tributary of the Marowijne River) and the Tapa-Jai project. The Tapa-Jai project is simply a diversion of the water from the Tapanahony River towards the Jai creek and further to the Marowijne creek to finally flow in the Van Blommenstein reservoir. That requires: (1) one dam in the Tapanahony River, (2) a channel to connect the Tapanahony River and the Jai creek, (3) a channel to connect the Jai and the Marowijne creek, and finally (4) the water flows into the van Blommenstein Reservoir. The schedule: we are devoted to some studies and project developments in the next two years, and around 2014 the first drop of water will flow from the Tapanahony to the Van Blommenstein reservoir. Dams will be constructed, so the area will be developed and a road is projected to Stoelmans Island. The project will be implemented in phases. In Phase 1, only the amount of water from the Tapanahony to the reservoir will be increased while no additional generation capacity will be installed. The installed power at the Afobaka hydroelectric power plant is 189 MW while an average of only 105 to 110 MW is currently used. Basically 60 MW of hydroelectric power generation is not used, as the current water flow is insufficient to use this capacity. Apart from this 60 MW, additional generating capacity could be build at dams in the diversion flow of the water. In that case an additional transmission line would be needed. 6.2 Bio-energy: opportunities for Suriname, Mrs. Rosita Ramautar (Staatsolie Suriname Company) Staatsolie is an oil company but we are in a transition to an energy company. We are aware that oil will stay the most important energy source in world in the coming decades, but we see also opportunities to do business in bioenergy. Therefore we chose to be active in the bioenergy sector. Suriname is a country that has enormous potential for the generation of bio-energy: we have land, sun, water, and in Suriname a lot of crops are growing. Staatsolie will not be involved in fundamental research into what crop is best suited. We have chosen for (1) proven technology, it must be shown that this technology works and is economically viable and (2) it must be 100% mechanical, both planting and harvesting must be mechanical. Therefore we decided to start producing ethanol from sugar cane. 49 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” As the minister quoted this morning, Staatsolie purchased land at Wageningen (12,600 acres), in order to plant sugar cane for ethanol bio-fuel production. Why have we chosen sugar cane? Sugar cane is a proven technology. Our Southern neighbors, the Brazilians have demonstrated that this works fine, over a period of 40 years. Sugar cane is a product that has a very good energy balance. For every unit of energy you put into it for production you have a profit of 8 units. It is very important that we can plant and harvest sugar cane in a mechanical way. That is why we opted for sugar cane. By covering our own energy needs we can improve our energy security that’s why we need to produce bio-fuels. You should never depend 100% on foreign fuels. We are going to use a part of the fuels locally (20%), but Suriname is small market and, from the fuel we produce in Wageningen, 80% will be exported. The market demand for sugar cane ethanol is growing, partly because of energy security reasons and partly due to CO2 reduction targets of several countries. There is an increasing demand for ethanol and Staatsolie sees market potential. We are going to plant 10,000 hectares of sugar cane, and on the other 2,000 acres we will build the factory and roads, etc. In these 10,000 acres, we want a yield of approximately 1 million tons of cane per harvest and per year. The cane goes to the factory, it is pressed, and juice is going to the plant where the alcohol is distilled. We have the intention to make 90 million liters of ethanol each year. There is still residual material, bagas that can be used to generate energy. A power capacity of 10 MW or 80 GWh/year of energy could be supplied to EBS. This is in addition of the energy we use for our own factory. The whole power plant, will be fed with bagas. Residual waste, the vinasse (thick liquid) which still contains many nutrients to plants, namely potassium, will be used to fertilize the land. Macro-economic impact: The return will be about U.S. $ 173 million over 10 years. In the beginning we have to invest a lot of money. Only for the pilot project, we need US $ 150 million, and in total US $ 600 million. We will have 150 persons in permanent employment and of course the project will have a huge industrial spin-off effect. Next steps and timeline: We have negotiated and purchased Wageningen. We will start a pilot project in Wageningen this year. The sugar cane culture is already known in Suriname: Marienburg, Waterloo. Brazil has tested varieties with better yields during 40 years. They have varieties with a yield of approximately 9000 liters per hectare per year. What we want to do is to start a pilot with the best varieties they plant, and check it the yield in Suriname is as high as in Brazil. If so, then we plan large-scale production. The pilot will last for up to 2 years. Meanwhile, we begin with the environmental studies (environmental and social impact assessment). We are going to study at the same time drying the bio-ethanol that we will commercialise. We are also looking for partners, especially for the agricultural area. Staatsolie is an oil company, we know nothing of agriculture. We look for people who have know-how of mechanized planting and harvesting sugar cane. The process part will stay under our own control and we expect that an ethanol plant will be operational in Wageningen by the end of 2013. 50 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” 6.3 Funding Renewable energy projects and Rational use of energy or energy effciency, Mr. Drs. Silvano Tjong-ahin, consultant I think that financing is one of the biggest challenges for us in Suriname. The financing of Renewable Energy initiatives is an important issue that could fit even in a comprehensive introduction of a follow- up seminar. The fundings for alternative energy sources in the world, are actually increasing in the light of awareness and ‘commitment’ of rich industrial countries. Also because of the fact that one is looking for ways to offset the pollution caused by emissions in industrial countries. Many international organizations and also individual countries have today sufficient resources, although we may not have received so much (look at Copenhagen). It is certain that sooner or later the world will have to look for alternative energy sources and also to fund financing for these sources. Despite the increased supply of funding, we are already observing, the accessibility to those funds for Suriname is currently difficult and limited because our country does not adequately responds to what notably Washington has to offer. This is mainly due to the relentless focus on the Dutch bilateral donation resources. It should be clear that the policy of our development finance actually should, now more than ever, come out of the isolation. We should focus, like all other countries that do not have the privilege of bilateral donation funding, on the more common sources of funding and institutes. When we look at our national planning, we see that for this particular section, the funding mechanism is little or not at all planned. Often very little attention is given to a financing plan. We do have very nice technical plans, but what is missing is a good financial plan. That is why our plans disappear often in a drawer, because we are not able to conclude the financing. Our development funding for alternative energy will, initially, be based on own savings. This is important because if we want to talk seriously about renewable energy sources, a prime signal of commitment must be shown. We need to prove the world that we are committed and that it is not a temporary fashion. The government obviously plays a crucial role. First of all, I think the government should create a clear financial framework to support its renewable energy plan. This framework will be based on a policy regarding the priorities established in relation to supply. A clear statement will be required about the extent of the energy mix: sun, wind, hydro, bio-fuel (nuclear) or a combination of these. The framework, or the strategic financial plan, will have to break-down into three main pillars of funding: (1) the public funding will have to come from savings, (2) international development financing consisting of bilateral cooperation agreements with international financial organizations (3) the ‘private venture’ capital. Regarding the “government financing”, it must offer a balanced program, which may include the • various tax incentives we all know. If we look at other countries this source of funding is common, mainly for alternative energy sources for households. Especially in the USA you have some funds available for households, rather than business, but even more for ordinary family households to fund or subsidise alternative energy sources. On the other hand, you also make room for tax incen- tives for companies that decide to fit renewable energy sources into their business management. 51 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” “Venture capital”: • Private capital is more complicated and Suriname has relatively little experience with the private financing market. We know that Staatsolie tried to mobilize international capital (money), not so long ago, and if I remember well it was partially successful. But it is so complex and we often think that it’s easy. We are often told that everything is possible and that we could mobilize US $ 300 million on the international capital market. If we look at countries like Jamaica and Trinidad and we look at how they operate on international capital markets, we know that it requires an enormous capacity of your country to operate. Until now we do not have that capacity, I would recommend to hold off until we master the know-how. Does that mean that we should focus our attention mainly on funding from International Organi- • zations? Here too we need a certain capacity to manage this process and the current capacity of Suriname to deal with international financial institutions is not what it should be. We have focused all those years on the bilateral donation fund from the Netherlands and there is nothing wrong with that. This bilateral donation fund is now finished. This means that we need to work more with organizations like the IDB and the World Bank and with all international organizations that have re- sources available to fund our business. Briefly it is focussing where we can make claims regarding international funding institutions. In 2008, some nations and organizations collected US $ 6.1 billion in a Climate Investment » Fund, which is further divided into two separate funds: (1) Clean Technology Fund and (2) Strategic Climate Fund. These funds supplie donations for funding. Within the Strategic Cli- mate Fund, we have a program called “Scaling of Renewable Energy program in low income countries” abbreviated SREP. This program was approved in May 2009, so relatively recently. The aim is to demonstrate the feasibility of economic, social and environmentally friendly low- carbon development in low income countries. It helps poor countries to understand and in- crease economic opportunities for using renewables. It is accessible for governments but also for the private sector. Unfortunately we see that Suriname is not on the list of countries eligible for funding from SREP. I do not think it’s because we do not meet the conditions for it, as they are quite simple, but because we fall short in lobbying. If we look around us: Guyana, Bolivia, Nicaragua, Haiti, all of them are on the list and are eligible for this fund. At the IDB there is a program called “Sustainable Energy Climate Change Initiative” or SECCI. » This initiative has created a fund and the purpose of the fund is to finance activities primarily intended to increase investments in Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. Today we heard speeches on a number of initiatives, and a few things about savings, etc. I think that, with regard to these initiatives, the SECCI fund supplies some opportunities. The SECCI fund offers technical assistance for project preparation, feasibility studies, demonstration projects, but also outright investment programs and training partnerships. The SECCI fund is in principle open to both public and private sector and to semi-governmental companies. However, there are a number of conditions that should be fulfilled to comply: the project needs to be simple and profitable, we cannot submit fantasy projects, they should have a degree of innovation and added value, and they must not conflict with governmental policy. The resources made 52 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” available by SECCI are free resources (or Grants). For technical assistance we can proceed to US $ 1 million, while investment grants (for projects) can go up-to an amount of US $ 1.5 mil- lion. These two tools t are actually quite accessible to a lot of countries, especially for all IDB member countries and there are many. The other fund that I mentioned is housed at the World Bank and is open to all members of the World Bank. But you know we have a difference with the World Bank and therefore no result will come out. The United Nations make also instruments available: the GEF funds. I think something has been » said on the UN funding this morning. The European Union has undoubtedly also instruments available. » Let me conclude by saying that I think (technical) plans without a serious financial plan doesn’t make sense. You should not allow the donor to drive the mobilization of financing. I think we still need to play a more proactive role in mobilizing resources also in terms of development of our Renewable Energy potential. 53 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” 6.4 Questions Renewable energy and additional energy Supply 1.Q. Ms. Theresa, ATM Has an environmental impact assessment and social analysis been carried out on the Tapa- Jai project (rise of the Suriname River water level, size of the area submerged, methane emissions, biological impacts, social impacts, etc)? 1.A. Mr. E. Frankel, Staatsolie The next 2 years we will spend on studies. In my presentation I was not specific about what research will be executed exactly, but the social and environmental impact studies actually define the project. 2.Q. Mr. M. Tirtotaroeno, Environmental and Safety consultant Staatsolie bought about 12,600 hectares of ground at Wageningen to cultivate Sugar cane. Is this not going to interfere with the traditional rice cultivation? The whole infrastructure there is designed for wet cultivation. Did Staatsolie also look at the former sugar company Mariënburg with an area of 8,000 hectares? There the infrastructure is especially designed for sugarcane and there is an entire city of people who live there who understand sugarcane and also some technical people who are unemployed. Furthermore, I think of the failed agricultural development in Commewijne for dry crops and for rice 2.A. Ms. R. Ramautar (Staatsolie) The SML site at Wageningen was originally prepared for rice cultivation, and it was not used for many years. We have not seen that this situation in one way or another had any impact on the rice sector in Suriname. Staatsolie and Suriname plans to start in the bio-fuel business. There have been discussions between President Lula and President Venetiaan (Brazil). To produce biofuels in an economic way, you need large contiguous areas of land and this is scarce in the world and also in Suriname. This land was a great opportunity for Staatsolie. Wageningen was there and the creditors insisted, there was no longer rice cultivation, and Staatsolie has purchased the land. In Marienburg sugar was made, but Staatsolie wanted to make biofuels. We also learned that the land has been salinized (which is not good for sugar cane ethanol) and the area is too small: only 8,000 hectares. Maybe we will look back later. Before Wageningen came into the picture, we also looked at other options such as: Tibiti, Koebiti, Commewijne, SCL and other areas. 3.Q. Mr. M. Tirtotaroeno, Environment and Safety consultant With such large projects in the pipeline, a lot of devices will be purchased. Is the government also looking at the impacts of these devices throughout a life cycle analyses? 3.A. A life cycle analysis is a very interesting tool, but requires time, resources and knowledge. 4.Q. Mr. Man A Hing What will be the impact on rice cultivation and fertilization? 4.A Ms. R. Ramautar, Staatsolie Experiments were conducted at the time of SCL. Staatsolie has also investigated the possibility to use that land for biofuels, but all this land has already been issued. Everything is already issued! (Complete hilarity). 54 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” 5.Q. Mrs. J. Simons Is the possible substantial reduction of rainfall in the Tapa-Jai project taken into account? 5.A. Mr. E. Frankel, Staatsolie The next 2 years we will spend on studies. In my presentation I was not specific about which study exactly, but analysis of long-term evolution of the rainfall will be included. 6.Q. Mrs. J. Simons The issue of Staatsolie and the entire drama to come to buy land of SML at Wageningen, we will omit. Staatsolie itself is state owned, which makes it good for me that the land ended up there. So far, Staatsolie executed always successful projects. Have you ever thought that salinity in Wageningen/Nickerie could be a possible treat in the near future? The last argument, Commewijne, I find a clear argument: “there is no land any more in Commewijne” all land is issued and everything is gone. 6.A. Ms. R. Ramautar, Staatsolie You can do something about salinity, but you should fix it in time and you can halt it. I don’t know the details but there are not enough technical people in Suriname who can solve this. 7.Q. Mrs. J. Simons The issue of storage has come back. I asked, “does someone know flow batteries?” There has been a discussion on ordinary batteries but there are experiments with different types of storage. They call it the batteries but the description may not be 100% a battery but a very important development. The issue of the Energy Institute has been discussed here. Is the energy council not an important condition, so we will have not only a financial plan but first of all a common energy plan? Is there not a clear link between these two? 7.A. Mr. S. Tjong-Ahin, An energy institute is one way to do certain things. Donors are mainly looking at the existence of a “clear policy”. When we talk about numbers that are not available, you can ask the question: how good is your policy if you really do not have the numbers? The Energy Institute would probably be able to provide figures and thus help with a good policy, at least one well designed policy. Of course one of the things, which clearly must be involved in funding by international institutions, is to prove that there is sufficient commitment and that’s not a fad of a country. So we as a country must prove that there is sufficient commitment. It is a coincidence that I participate in the editorial committee of “green development” and again, these discussions addressed, you must draft a document that is not just a piece of paper but a document that demonstrates that there is a clear commitment to it. Of course, I think this should be a clear direction. You cannot just have a policy and say “I’m committed” while all the other things that you undertake show that you’re not really committed to that policy. These are issues that all international institutions impose, and if they should be placed within an energy institute, fine, but I would prefer the Institute is at a Ministry. 55 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” 7 Plenary discussion / Conclusions & Recommendations Plenary discussion / Conclusions & Recommendations 1.Q. Mr. S. Mungra. On the one hand it is very interesting when I hear the big investment amounts, but I fear that we are moving into a financial tsunami, because the demand is there, of course. Yesterday we read in the newspaper that the largest project that can be funded locally by the three big banks is 3 million US dollars. Staatsolie is working on a plan of US $ 400 million, EBS is involved in a ‘plant’ of US $ 200 million and we want to establish a sugarcane plant set up of US $ 600 million over several years. This is all along US $ 1.2 billion investments. The question is “debt sustainability”. You should forget the government! I can predict that the high economic growth in Suriname is over. I do not think we can grow after 2013 with more than 3 to 4% per year (maximum). Public finances is the same story, the cessation of the development is both funny and very constraining, because it forces the creation of a national development fund, and the Public Sector Investment Program, PSIP, is approaching the limit of 0. The government can no longer cover its ongoing expenses. Think of FISO 1 and certainly not FISO 2, and FISO 2 does not concern inflation, but the treasury can’t afford it. How do we acquire these investment funds? The only way according to Mr. Tjong-Ahin “Foreign Direct Investment” (FDI), to ask for financing by China and India that have been traders for 2000 years and “there is not something like a free meal” (no thing is free of charge). If the debt to China will be 0.5 or 0.75 billion, they will take the major decisions in Suriname. In the financial institutions it is indeed so that you have to write such thick books to apply for 1 or 2 million US $ project funding and that you stay in competition with other Caricom countries. So we have financing problems. The question at company level is: “how much debt, given the capital structure and balance sheet structure of Staatsolie can still be added here?” The state has nothing; they can borrow maximum US $ 400 million, because we have repaid with development aid our debt to Brazil. You might borrow maybe two times a US $ 200 million loan, but the third time you will borrow to repay the debt and interest on the loan. Then you have the problem of the SRD if the State will borrow for these projects (Tapa-Jai), the state will have difficult access to these financial resources and to mobilize the required SRD to buy US dollars. There is a major financing problem, so we really have to think about it. In the last multiple year plan that was not a problem, because we got free money, but those days are over and there is no more free funding in the future. As economists say: “even the death takes us life”. For the new planning period and for the following long-term plan we need to study carefully how we can get funding. 56 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” 1.A. Mr. S. Tjong-Ahin It is of course true what Mr. Mungra says. We need to think about financing for our entire development. I can imagine that local banks are limited as regard to the supply of funds for large projects. Yet in my 10 years experience with international banks such as the World Bank, IDB, Islamic Development Bank, etc., one thing strikes me. We handle actually in a quite calm and gentle way with those international organizations. We allow that they decide on the policy. That’s not meant bad, because I do not think their interventions have been excessive in the past, but it is a fact that we still get too little out of these financial institutions. In other Caribbean countries the game is very different. We should not wait for those institutions to come to us whisping: “you know what you can finance?”. It must go the other way around. We must go into their kitchen, and examine what is available. We have to explain them what the rules are, because we are the governors of these banks. Often we forget that. In Suriname we behave as if these people come to visit us and as if they are very sweet to lend us some money, and afterwards we curse. When do we curse? When people ask for certain procedures. That is exactly where you would not need to curse because it should be like that! Often it are very simple things you normally as a self- respecting company would do as well. Regarding Debt Sustainability: There is currently an investigation underway into Debt Sustainability. I have seen the preliminary figures. It is not yet published and I can not divulge figures, but I can say that with regard to Debt Sustainability Suriname is in very good shape. Probably one of the best in the Caribbean. It is nice if you could say it’s not so bad, but in the USA they have a principle that if you do not borrow, they don’t lend you money. And that is the case for Suriname. We have borrowed little, our Debt Sustainability looks good, the macroeconomic indicators look good and basically if you make an analysis (that analysis is in preparation and will be ready within 1 to 2 months) , then you find that Suriname is in a very good shape. The only thing is that if we decide to borrow more, we must realize that we need much more know-how than just an administrator keeping the loans inventory. You need financial experts who know very well what happens in the capital markets, when you pay with a given currency, if you pay, etc. All those things we can learn from other Caribbean countries. Mr. A. Jagesar, Staatsolie, It is indeed a challenge. Since a few years we are debt free and we made some savings which will be invested in the refinery. For other projects we try to reduce or remove risks with a minimum of preliminary investments. Hence we want to execute a pilot project in Wageningen so that we can reduce the project risks. What would also help in that project is to close a long term contract with a buyer, so the bank is guaranteed of the receipts for at least the loan period. In general, the energy sector is ready to go very far to supply debt financing because in that sector there exist fixed price agreements and fixed tariffs. But I admit that it is a challenge to put everything together. This means that progress of the country of Suriname on the international ratings would help, but we are still not “investment grade”. This means that we pay a penalty to get the loan interest. That is something that we must learn to deal with, it may be an increase of 2% to 3% compared to counties with the best ratings. For example, if the best can borrow at 6% loan, it becomes at the moment 9% for us, due to the lower rating of the country. Mr. S. Mehairjan, EBS You make me look ridiculous. Who expects from me that I know how EBS should get those 60 to 80 million US $ that is needed to invest in the first step. The plans are there for those stations, but I cannot tell you at the moment how we will finance it. We are now making installation plans, but in time we will have the money to finance execution because you need the power. EBS has to find a solution together with funding organizations and the government. 57 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” 2.Q. Mr. I. Sno, ABS A question for Mr. S. Tjong-Ahin. May I first begin by saying that he was a little too hard when stating that Suriname had a quarrel with the World Bank. They say it nicely, we are a non-BMC. The same problem we have with Caribbean Development Bank (CDB). But the World Bank at least friendly looked at us last year. What I mean to say is that in the past, the argument was “you do not borrow, so you cannot get anything from me”. For the first time we (statisticians), watched the World Bank, last year, and they have not ruled out certain funds that are parked in the CARICOM. Does Mr. S. Tjong-Ahin have some advice on how the relationship with the World Bank and CDB can be improved? 2.A. Mr. S. Tjong-Ahin Let’s start with CDB. As far as I know (I can make mistakes because I was away for a year), Suriname is not a member of CDB. The question is: whether you should be member of CDB? But we need to look into this issue and make a decision. If you are not a member you cannot withdraw funds from CDB. I know that many resources of the IDB and World Bank go to CDB, so actually they are also a bit “needy”. It has become a bit of my mission, and I hope I once would be able to realize it, to bring Suriname back to the World Bank. Yes, it is probably true that they have an opening. They have kept a number of funds that are sleeping here and there. It does not mean we cannot make use of their facilities. We are “not engaged” they call it, but we must come up with a “re-engagement” (as it is called). But Suriname is not on the radar of the World Bank. I am glad that this question comes from you and I have often spoken with people from the World Bank, even more frequently. There is a misunderstanding. I will not go into that, politicians will arrange themselves. But it is really like I say, “I’m not talking to you and I think you don’t want to talk to me”. This refers to nowhere! We underestimate the role of the World Bank. I can tell you that three-quarters of all rankings that we achieve in the World (we are bad when it comes to investments, bad with this, ... etc.). Believe me, it has nothing to do with a bad situation here in Suriname, it has more to do with the fact that we are so far away from the World bank and I can substantiate it myself because I have studied it. Almost all ranking organizations look directly at the World Bank, to their database, it is the most comprehensive database in the World. Suriname is “not available”, “n.a.”, 99% is not available, and if something is available then it are data from 1996. Big Error! Because that means that when these rankings take place as it is about investments or whatever, then the youngest employee becomes in charge of Suriname, for an inquiry. He answers “boss, I have no figures of Suriname”, and Suriname will dangle next to Haiti. You can explore it yourself, that’s the main reason why we often score poorly. That means, if we want to reverse this situation, we need as soon as possible to do business with the World Bank. Do not be in a hurry to borrow from the World Bank, but make sure you use all the facilities. It’s like a financial institution here (locally) would say I am not concerned with the Central Bank of Suriname. Then you’re not so crazy. I advocate that we reflect profoundly on our attitude. You should not get into bed with the World Bank, but remember not interfering with the World Bank is the biggest mistake you can make. 58 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” Rem1: Mr. S. Mehairjan, EBS Recently one Surinamese PhD student graduated at TU Delft with a thesis on the use of wind energy without the use of a windmill, but by using the friction of the wind. His name is Dr. Jayram. There are many Surinamese who follow now a course at TU Delft. The course is called “Solar Power” and since last year given to the chair of Prof. Zeeman. Surinamese boys and girls have been following this course. This is a good sign that I just wanted to pass. Rem2: Mr. S. Mehairjan, EBS Another thing I would add to the story of Jai-Tapa hydropower project. It will be called the “all-weather lake”. This will generate you all over the year a power of 150 MW, if you build it right. At other moments when it rains hard, you will generate energy on the other dams. It could even be doubling the amount of energy. We must of course consider whether the current generators are sufficient for the coming years, or if they must be replaced. It includes all the components, including the transformers at Paranam, while they are the ownership of Suralco, how do we deal with it? We’re going to reach agreements. The cause of major blackouts in recent years (2008 and 2009), was due to ageing of insulators at Afobaka. These matters will be renewed. There are solutions to all problems, including financial problems. 59 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” 8 Conclusion, Mr. Dr. ir. Viren ajodhia The seminar suggested that the energy sector is a dynamic sector with significant growth. According to figures from the EBS, the electricity growth was more than 10% over the past year and a growth rate of 8% is expected for the coming years. This boom requires significant investment in new production capacity. In this context, EBS plans the development of a new thermal power station of around 80 MW (in the first phase) and Staatsolie is developing plans for the Tapanahony-Jai creek project. Rational Use of Energy and Energy Efficiency can play an important role in the management of the Energy Demand. Examples are: energy saving lamps, efficiency in construction, efficient air conditioning, the use of energy efficient cars. There are several initiatives on Renewable Energy. In the interior, for example, they engaged in micro- hydro and solar power while in Galibi a wind farm project is under way. The energy sector offers significant opportunities for the Surinamese business. Besides the spin-offs on the large investments by EBS and Staatsolie, there is also a role in the development of smaller scale Renewable Energy Sources. The presence of a sound energy policy plays an important role. In this area improvements can be gained. • Thereiscurrentlynoauthorityorinstitutionwherealldataandinformationontheenergysectoris unambiguously available and centralized. Much data is scattered and often not comparable. This complicates the planning of new projects, determining the profitability, new initiatives. • There are several initiatives in the field of energy, but they are all scattered. There is no central coordinating body. For example: certain initiatives in the energy sector are unknown at the Ministry of Natural Resources. • There is no clear energy policy at this moment. The Ministry of Natural Resources discussed the initiation of a number of initiatives, but the implementation has yet to take place. The Energy Institute is such an initiative that could play a very important role in the future. • The tariff policy of the government does nothing to promote energy conservation. Because the rates are too low, energy saving measures are not attractive. • Access to capital for the energy sector (and also for other sectors) should be focusing less on traditional sources such as development aid from the Netherlands. Joining international financial institutions like the World Bank may open the door to provide Suriname and Surinamese entrepreneurs with easier access to capital in larger volumes. 60 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” The identification of these problems has been an important outcome of this seminar. The various speakers framed a good picture of the various energy initiatives and energy opportunities in Suriname. In addition the obstacles were identified the industry faces in order to be able to stimulate entrepreneurship in the energy sector. What is the next step? There are many business opportunities in the energy sector. At the same time it is important that the Government will create the necessary frameworks to accommodate this process of cooperation with the industry. Availability of data and information is crucial. An effective energy policy can help to shape the coordinating role of government and realize the opportunities in the energy sector. This seminar can supply an important contribution to the further growth of the energy sector and the creation of opportunities for the business. It is therefore important that the results of this seminar are brought together and that they are presented to the various stakeholders. This will contribute to a good energy supply for Suriname in the future and will create opportunities for entrepreneurs. 61 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” 9 Closing Ladies and Gentlemen, first of all we are very grateful to the people that made this seminar to a success: our speakers, a range of experts, professionals who presented here and who gave us a lot of information. The result is that we received homework. The Minister of Natural Resources requested explicitly, to do everything to report this homework in the correct way. What we have learned is that a sequel is necessary for project financing. This is the indication we have heard today. We shall return very soon and come with a financial seminar to follow-up what is brought forward. But I do not want to take much of your time. I must thank you for your attendance, participation, lively discussion on professional level. I’ve heard little disruption of phones going off, so thank you for that. Again, we will do our best to make the summary as mentioned by Mr. Ajodhia visible for all. Chairman: “Thank you for the job. Well-Done!” It was great! Herewith I close the seminar and would like to thank you all. 62 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” appendix 1: acronymic AdeKUS Anton de Kom Universiteit van Suriname BNP Bruto Nationaal Product CDB Caribbean Development Bank CDM Clean Development Mechanism EE Energie Efficiëntie EER Energy Efficiency Rate EPAR Elektriciteitsvoorziening omgeving Paramaribo, (Paramaribo, Wanica, Commewijne Saramacca en een deel van Para) FDI Foreign Direct Investment FISO Nieuwe schaalverdeling van de lonen bij de Overheid GEF (United Nations) Global Environment Fund N.A. Not Available NGO Non Governmental Organisation REG Rationeel Energie Gebruik SECCI Sustainable Energy Climate and Change Initiative TOE Ton Olie Equivalenten UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 63 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” appendix 2: evaluation a. logistics On-time Ample on time Late Was the invitation/announcement of the seminar on time? 68% 14% 18% Yes No Was the scheduled time of the seminar adequate? 93% 7% Excellent Good Fair Poor How was the quality of the refreshments and food provided? 17% 57% 21% 5% Good Not good Were the venue and accommodation of the seminar good chosen? 100% 0% B. Presentation/content Clear Moderate Poor 1. Was the purpose of the seminar clear? 86,4% 11,4% 2,3% 2. Presentation by Ms. Farzia Hausil: Yes No Was the presentation clear? 90% 10% Was the info useful? 93% 7% Excellent Good Fair Poor How do you rate the presentations/ material as presented? 9% 65% 26% 0% Easy to understand Normal to understand Difficult to understand How do you rate the quality of the content of the presentation? 24% 74% 2% Clear and Correct Correct Moderate Poor How was the feedback given by the audience? 7% 46% 37% 10% 64 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” 3. Presentation by Mr. Annand Jagesar Yes No Was the presentation clear? 88% 12% Was the info useful? 95% 5% Excellent Good Fair Poor How do you rate the presentations/ material as presented? 7.1% 64.3% 26.2% 2.4% Easy to understand Normal to understand Difficult to understand How do you rate the quality of the content of the presentation? 24% 74% 2% Clear and Correct Correct Moderate Poor How was the feedback given by the audience? 13% 50% 30% 8% 4. Presentation by Mr. Samuel Mehairjan Yes No Was the presentation clear? 98% 2% Was the info useful? 97% 3% Excellent Good Fair Poor How do you rate the presentations/ material as presented? 23% 54% 21% 2% Easy to understand Normal to understand Difficult to understand How do you rate the quality of the content of the presentation? 24.4% 73.2% 2.4% Clear and Correct Correct Moderate Poor How was the feedback given by the audience? 21% 45% 26% 8% 65 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” 5. Presentation by Mr. Cornel Wijngaarde: Yes No Was the presentation clear? 83% 17% Was the info useful? 90% 10% Excellent Good Fair Poor How do you rate the presentations/ material as presented? 2% 61% 32% 5% Easy to understand Normal to understand Difficult to understand How do you rate the quality of the content of the presentation? 20.5% 76.9% 2.6% Clear and Correct Correct Moderate Poor How was the feedback given by the audience? 22% 44% 31% 3% 6. Presentation by Mr. Johan Geeraert: Yes No Was the presentation clear? 95% 5% Was the info useful? 92,5% 7,5% Excellent Good Fair Poor How do you rate the presentations/ material as presented? 0% 63% 34% 2% Easy to understand Normal to understand Difficult to understand How do you rate the quality of the content of the presentation? 12% 83% 5% Clear and Correct Correct Moderate Poor How was the feedback given by the audience? 26% 44% 29% 0% 66 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” 7. How did you find the contributions of the panel? Yes No Where these clear? 100% 0% Was the info useful? 95% 5% Excellent Good Fair Poor How do you rate the presentations/ material as presented? 11% 55% 34% 0% Easy to understand Normal to understand Difficult to understand How do you rate the quality of the content of the presentation? 14% 86% 0% Clear and Correct Correct Moderate Poor How was the feedback given by the audience? 11% 59% 27% 3% Yes No 8. In your opinion does the private sector provide enough consideration to the issue of renewable energy to obtain benefits? 34% 66% Yes No 9. In your opinion does the government provide enough consideration to the issue of renewable energy to obtain benefits for the development of Suriname? 23% 77% Yes No 10. Do you think that the SBF/SBC should give a follow up to this seminar? 93% 7% Yes No 12. Overall do you find this seminar informative and useful? 100% 0% Yes No 13. Is there a need for such kind seminars/ workshops? 100% 0% Learning: Allowing 30% overtime on the one hand and compensating by reducing the planned presentation time with up-to 50% on the other hand influences respectively the delay that will accumulate during the day and the quality of the compressed presentation. 67 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” Participants were able to supply also qualitative feed-back in addition to the quantitative information. Apart from the pre-defined answers, open questions were used to collect qualitative data. This data was grouped but the individual groups were not valued for importance or ranked. As a first approach the amount of remarks in a group could supply an indication of the relative importance. 11. What kind of follow up do you expect /propose? Project Analyze / in-depth- or detailed projects  synthesis Less topics • Studies etc. • Detailed opportunities and threats. Foreign /regional examples of RE initiatives … • Detailed one, for every subdivision such as hydro power, biomass, finance etc. • A more detailed one • Two/three renewable projects in depth • Subtheme depth analyses • Implementation identified viable Energy projects • Launch of a project for energy efficiency • CDM proposal done by private sector • Initiate action • Communication & follow-up A follow up seminar on this subject • A follow up of where/which institutes have data available about energy. And the impacts/effects • of the environment for Suriname Next time they must show the results of that what they have spoken about • Project status after 1 or 2 years • Discussion on alternatives in all sectors • From assessment->vision->strategy->implementation • Economic impact and project financing Outcome and status investment support(info) • More details in the financial framework • Financing discussion. Which companies can already invest? Which projects will be realized • now or in the future? Seminar-> economic impact of new energy possibilities • Support to generate and communicate a common vision I would say a forum in which business can say what they are doing • What is the position of the business community ASFA/KKF/VSB with regard to the energy • discussion and what is the vision of the government towards the energy policy? A forum on renewable energy • The role of the government/policy • 68 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” 14. What kind of topic(s) do you propose?* Rational use of Energy Rational use of energy. Energy reductions after the construction phase • Renewable energy and • awareness on energy consumption New technology in daily live • Energy management • Energy Generation Energy generation methods. Financing options/methods • Renewable energy • Solar films (cheaper) » Biofuels: - Biomass opportunity etc » - The SML project of Staatsolie and all the effects when it will be realized. - The use of biocars Business opportunity » Environment and Energy Renewable • / environmental issues/financing/opportunities Environment aspects • Waste and its solutions • Financing energy projects Renewable/ environmental issues/ financing/opportunities • How to finance and implement • Energy generation methods. Financing options/methods • Market analyze, Strategy and Policy Niche market sector analysis • Tourism development in Suriname. Infrastructure and development • IT/energy • Scenario planning-> Energy scenarios->test investments against various scenarios .Juridical • frame work. Concrete expected actions from the government (strategy, policy, plans, actions) What does work in the Suriname experience? • Food security. Developments in the agro sector (example: process possibilities) • * The participant’s feedback is repeated in multiple sections. Information not relevant for the section has been represented with a strike through. 15. Do you have any suggestion(s) and/or idea(s) that will assist us in future seminars workshops on this or other topics? Create more room for comments from the audience • Increase the room temperature • Water quality • Clearly communicate expectations of seminar • Align each presentation with goals -> explain /communicate. • Promote cooperation!!! • Distribute all PowerPoint slides to the attendance so that they follow the speaker better • present case studies • 69 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” appendix 3: agenda PROGRAMM: Seminar: “Renewable energy potential and Business Opportunities in Suriname”, Date: Monday 1st February 2010, Time: 08h30 – 14h30, Location: Banquet Hall - Hotel Torarica, Paramaribo, Chairmen: Dr. Ir. Viren Ajodhia Session 1: opening 08.30 – 09.00: Registration (Coffee / juice / snack) 09.00 – 09.05: Ir. Ernie P. Isselt – Director Suriname Business Development Centre: Introduction 09.05 – 09.10: Ing. Orlando dos Ramos – Chairman Suriname Business Forum: Welcome 09.10 – 09.15: Ms. Esmeralda Hernandez Aragones - Chargée d’Affaires European Commission: Speech 09.15 – 09.30: Dr. Gregory Rusland - Minister of Natural Resources (NH): Opening Speech Session 2: energy balance and energy indicators 09.30 – 09.50: Presentation NIMOS - Ms. Farzia Hausil: ‘Clean Development Mechanism (CDM): Opportunity for Suriname?’ 09.50 – 10.10: Presentation Staatsolie Maatschappij Suriname – Annand Jagesar: ‘Energy balance Suriname’ 10.10 – 10.30: Presentation EBS - Samuel Mehairjan: ‘Electricity: demand, supply and future perspectives 10.30 – 11.00: Questions 11.00 – 11.15: Coffee break Session 3: Business opportunities to manage the demand – and additional production through Renewable energy. 11.15 – 11.25: Presentation ADEKUS - Cornel Wijngaarde: ‘Energy-indicators and missing knowledge’ 11.25 – 11.50: Presentation Foundation of Energy & Sustainable Development Suriname – Johan Geeraert: ‘The potential of rational use of energy, management of the Demand Side and Renewable Energy Potential of Suriname: some basic concepts 11.50 – 12.00: Questions 12.00 – 13.45: Pannel discussion 70 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” Session 3: Business opportunities to manage the demand – and additional production through Renewable energy. Part 1: Rational Use of Energy / Energy Efficiency or Demand Side Management - EE applications (spaarlampen i.p.v. gloeilampen; Energy Efficiency Transformers) – Samuel Mehairjan (EBS/Director Transmission & Generation) - Energiezuinige auto’s – Glenn Stekkel (Fernandes Autohandel) - Klimatisatie en bouwmaatregelen toepassingen - Werner van Geel (New Tech) Part 2: Hernieuwbare energie of bijkomend energieaanbod - Waterkracht: kansen voor Suriname – Eddy Frankel (Staatsolie Maatschappij Suriname) - Bio-energie: kansen voor Suriname - Rosita Ramautar (Staatsolie Maatschappij Suriname) - Financiering voor hernieuwbare energie en rationeel energiegebruik of energie-efficiëntie – Silvano Tjong-Ahin (consultant) 13.45 – 14.15: Plenaire discussie / Conclusies & aanbevelingen Sessie 4: afsluiting 14.15 - 14.25: Samenvatting 14.25 – 14.30: Directeur SBC – Ir. E.P. Isselt: Dankwoord / Sluiting 14.30: Snacks 71 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” appendix 4: Participants # name Surname Vertegenwoordigende instantie 1 Alleyne Albert De Consumentenkring Suriname 2 Anderson Erik US. Embassy 3 Anijs Roel EBS 4 Amirullah-Moeniralam Afirah SBF 5 Aroma Haidy Environmental Services & Support (ESS) 6 Baidjoe Vishal ADEK 7 Bajnath Rufin 8 Bajnath -Khoenkhoen Min. ATM 9 Bhaggoe D. Hi-Telcom 10 Bhairo -Marhé Sheila AP&G Consulting 11 Bihari Sandra Nederlandse Ambassade 12 Bipat Armand EBS 13 Bishesar Nilesch Johec International 14 Boedhoe Wonnie VES /NOB NV 15 Boedhoe - Hemai Ashwinie Min.Plos 16 Bogor Donovan NIMOS 17 Boschman Cindy Het Vocational Business Institute 18 Bram Stephanie Kabinet van de President van de Republiek Suriname 19 Bruce E. Stg. Planbureau 20 Burnet S. Aanmelding 21 Castillion - Elder Min. ATM 22 Charan Shakuntala ADEK 23 Coffeng Ad Consultant 24 Cotin Astrando Het Vocational Business Institute 25 Cromwelc Crawford IICA 26 Delprado A. Stichting Groene energie 27 De Randami De West 28 Dijks Judith US. Embassy 29 Djanam M. Haukes NV 30 Dos. Ramos Orlando Suriname Business Forum 31 Drakenstein Bryan UNDP 32 Eerenstein Hans 33 Eindhoven Marcel EBS 34 Elbert F. De West 35 Evers Ivo De Ware Tijd 36 Fernandes Min. van H.I. 37 Foe A Man Kenneth Suriname Business Forum 72 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” # name Surname Vertegenwoordigende instantie 38 Friperson O. Radiola 39 Gangaram Panday Artie General Consulting 40 Geeraert Johan Stichting Energie & Duurzame Ontwikkeling Suriname 41 Girdhari Swami IBMS NV 42 Goedschalk J. Kersten 43 Gouptar Anurodha Qualogy Suriname N.V. 44 Graanoogst Eline SBC 45 Grauwde Remy SSB 46 Griffith G. NIMOS 47 Heckers Robert Johec International 48 Hernandez Aragones Esmeralda the Delegation of the European Union 49 Hoever S. Consumentenkring 50 Hussein Victor DGSA 51 Isselt Ernie Suriname Business Forum 52 Kalka Ratan SBC 53 Kanit V SCTV 54 Kasban Ernesto Qualogy Suriname N.V. 55 Kerkhoffs - Zerp Margret Min. Handel en Industrie 56 Khodabaks Zevoera Nederlandse Ambassade 57 King John ICCA 58 Kisoensingh Anjali ABS 59 Klinghammer W. CREDP 60 Koeba Samantha Het Vocational Business Institute 61 Kopinsky Michael Sustainable Technical Solutions N.V. 62 Kortram Hillery Het Vocational Business Institute 63 Lachman Danny Applied Intellect 64 Lau Gerard EBS 65 Lee Lucia SCTV 66 Man a Hing Max Duncan KKF 67 Mohan Karuna Het Vocational Business Institute 68 Mozermo Het Vocational Business Institute 69 Olivieira Cornelly WBG/SBF 70 Panka H. ATV 71 Park P. N.V. EBS 72 Peiter Consuela Het Vocational Business Institute 73 Piqué O. Min. van H.I. 74 Plet Nataly Min. ATM 75 Power-Moernisa Ashni PTC 76 Premchand A. EBS 77 Rahan Lesly EBS 73 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” # name Surname Vertegenwoordigende instantie 78 Ramantan R. Min. Handel en Industrie 79 Ramautarsing Winston Proplan Consultancy 80 Ramdutt Ashwin EBS 81 Ramhit Hemkaran Process Consultancy 82 Ramlochan Maike Het Vocational Business Institute 83 Rapprecht B. Stichting Planbureau Suriname 84 Rodriquez G 85 Rusland Gregory Minister van N.H. 86 Rusland Emojano CBvS 87 Sairras Glenn Staatsolie Maatschappij Suriname 88 Setrowidjojo - Karijodrono P. Min.ATM 89 Shankuntala Charan AdeKUS 90 Sharize Het Vocational Business Institute 91 Silos-Gangadin Sita van CELOS Crelos 92 Geerlings-Simons Jenny DNA 93 Sital Jaikishan EBS 94 Sno Gladys Fernandes Botteing Co. 95 Sno Iwan A. ABS 96 Stekkel - Vroom Marion WBG 97 Talea Andreas ABS 98 Tilakdharie S. Min. van Openbare Werken en Verkeer 99 Titrotaroeno Moedio Ilustration Consultancy 100 Tjon A Hung Roy EBS 101 Tjon Pian Gi R. Fernandes Concern beheer 102 Tsai A Woei Astrid Consumentenkring 103 Varsenburg Thessa Qualogy Suriname N.V. 104 Wanner Jerry EBS 105 Watson Fred EBS 106 Wesenhagen P.G. Hi-Telcom N.V. 107 Willems M. WTC N.V. 108 Wijngaarde Cornel AdeKUS 109 Yang Ruben Mitra NV 74 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” 75 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” appendix 5: Presentations Clean Development Mechanism: • opportunity voor Suriname? (Farzia Hausil) Energie balans aardolie produkten (Annand Jagesar) • Elektriciteit: Vraag, Aanbod en Toekomstvoruitzichten • (Samuel Mchairjan M.Sc.) Energie Indicatoren en Ontbrekende Kennis (Data) (Cornel • Wijngaarde M.Sc.) De beheersing van de energievraag & hernieuwbaar ener- • giepotentieel van Suriname (Johan Geeraert) 76 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” Presentaties Clean Development Mechanism: opportunity voor Suriname? Farzia Hausil 77 I h d Inhoudsopgave { Achtergrond informatie { Achtergrond informatie { Implementatie CDM (structuur, { Implementatie CDM (structuur, approval procedure { Potentiële projecten/ projecten in de pijplijn { CoP 15 2 Clean Development Mechanism: i S i ? opportunity voor Suriname? F i H il Farzia Hausil NIMOS 1 februari 2010 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” 78 GHG inventory 4 CDM CDM 3 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” 79 O t t Output W k h t i i { Workshops en trainingen { Vereisten: ontwikkelen criteria, goedkeuringsprocedure PIN/PDD g g p / { Instelling CDM Commissie { Awareness: www.cdmsuriname.com, b och es In esto G ide etc brochures, Investor Guide etc. { Participatie Carbon Expo 2009 6 I l t ti CDM i S i Implementatie CDM in Suriname Project Capacity Development for { Project Capacity Development for Clean Development Mechanism (CD4CDM); z Maart 2008 z Ministerie ATM, NIMOS { Doel CD4CDM project: { Doel CD4CDM project: z Verhogen kennisniveau/begrip t.a.v. het CDM en de mogelijkheden z Versterken van de capaciteit om CDM projecten te formuleren en te implementeren 5 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” 80 Pi P d Pin Procedure Projectontwikkelaar dient PIN in bij Minister ATM CDM Commissie Interdepartementale Werkgroep NIMOS & Milieu Sectie NIMOS, Milieu Sectie & relevante actoren Beoordeling & formulering opinie I di di h i PIN Meeting met projectontwikkelaar CDM Commissie stelt LoNo voor Indien nodig, herzien PIN 8 Minister tekent LoNo CDM Structuur Suriname MinisterieATM Taken: ͲProcedures&criteria ͲEvaluereningediendeprojecten PermanenteCDM Commissie (MilieuSectie & NIMOS) ͲAdviserenMinisterATM ͲVoorstellenCDMbeleid& wetgeving Informatie verschaffing en ) Interdepartementale ͲInformatieverschaffingen bewustzijnbevordering ͲMonitoringgoedgekeurde projecten B l idi j t t ikk l Taken: ͲEvalueren PIN’s &PDD’s ͲOndersteunen p Werkgroep ͲBegeleidingprojectontwikkelaars Ondersteunen PermanenteCie 7 NIMOS MilieuSectie Relevante actoren “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” 81 Potentiële CDM projecten { Houtwinning Brokopondo Stuwmeer { Houtwinning Brokopondo Stuwmeer { Zonnepanelen op grote gebouwen en hotels in Paramaribo; f { Houtafval (woodpellets, vergassen); { Omzetten van huishoudelijk afval in energie; g ; { Energy efficiency verbetering in bedrijven; { Jaykreek/Tapanahony hydro-energie { Jaykreek/Tapanahony hydro energie project { Stadsverlichting op zonne-energie 10 PDD d PDD procedure Projectontwikkelaar dient PDD in bij Minister ATM CDM Commissie Interdepartementale Werkgroep NIMOS & Milieu Sectie NIMOS, Milieu Sectie & relevante actoren Meeting met projectontwikkelaar Beoordeling Nationaal & Internationaal (DOE) Indien nodig herzien PDD Meeting met projectontwikkelaar Project wordt goedgekeurd Projectontwikkelaar dient validatierapport in 9 Minister geeft LoNo Project wordt goedgekeurd “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” 82 VVoortgang H lb h id di iël CDM { Haalbaarheidstudie potentiële CDM projecten { CDM project portfolio { Awareness www.cdmsuriname.com { Verdere training 12 P j t i d ij lij Projecten in de pijplijn { Bio-energie Plant Suriname: kafvergassing in Nickerie { Mangrove project: f i / f i aforestation/reforestation kuststrook 11 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” 83 Sl t Slot “The future of our business is being decided now, let us get i d!” organized!” Verdere informatie: www.cdmsuriname.com 14 Verdere informatie: www.cdmsuriname.com C P 15 K h CoP 15: Kopenhagen { Kopenhagen akkoord: “An outline of a p g future framework to address climate change”. G bi d d f k K t { Geen bindende afspraken Kyoto Protocol { Streven internationale { Streven internationale temperatuurstijging van niet meer dan 2.0 ºC { Stabiliseren uitstoot broeikasgassen { Mitigatie Ontwikkelingslanden Financie ing { Financiering 13 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” 84 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” Presentaties energie balans aardolie produkten annand Jagesar 85 Inhoud 1 Energie balans (aardolie produkten) 1. Energie balans (aardolie produkten) 2. Reserves outlook 3. Slot opmerking over renewables 4. Business opportunities pp ________________________________________ Totaal aantal slides 10 Totaal aantal slides 10 “Hernieuwbaar energiepotentieel en business opportunities in Suriname” 2 Energie balans aardolie produkten Energie balans aardolie produkten Annand Jagesar Manager Corporate Planning Staatsolie Maatschappij Suriname N.V December 1 februari 2010 “Hernieuwbaar energiepotentieel en business opportunities in Suriname” “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” 86 Geschat effect op de balance of payment 150 200 l i o n s 50 100 150 M i l -100 -50 0 2 0 0 1 2 0 0 2 2 0 0 3 2 0 0 4 2 0 0 5 2 0 0 6 2 0 0 7 2 0 0 8 2 0 0 9 2 0 1 0 2 0 1 1 2 0 1 2 2 0 1 3 2 0 1 4 2 0 1 5 2 0 1 6 2 0 1 7 2 0 1 8 2 0 1 9 2 0 2 0 W a a r d e -200 -150 100 Net balance -300 -250 Jaren “Hernieuwbaar energiepotentieel en business opportunities in Suriname” 4 Vraag & aanbod olie producten Domestic Diesel/ Gasoline/ Fuel oil Demand & Production 5,000,000 6,000,000 Realization 2 000 000 3,000,000 4,000,000 b b l s / y e a r Realization - 1,000,000 2,000,000 2 0 0 7 2 0 0 8 2 0 0 9 2 0 1 0 2 0 1 1 2 0 1 2 2 0 1 3 2 0 1 4 2 0 1 5 2 0 1 6 2 0 1 7 2 0 1 8 2 0 1 9 2 0 2 0 Diesel demand Gasoline demand Fuel Oil demand Staatsolie diesel production Staatsolie gasoline production Staatsolie Fuel Oil production “Hernieuwbaar energiepotentieel en business opportunities in Suriname” 3 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” 87 Reserves Resources A i l Economics & Dev. Plan Appraisal Evaluation Traditional Exploration Drilling Geological Evaluation & Ranking Drilling of Leads and Prospects Detailed 2D grid on Prospects Exploration Portfolio Regional 2D Data & Wells Historical data Evaluation Exploration Programs “Hernieuwbaar energiepotentieel en business opportunities in Suriname” 6 Time (in yrs) 2008 2010 2011 2009 2012 2013 Reserves Resources A i l Economics & Dev. Plan Appraisal Evaluation Traditional Exploration Drilling Geological Evaluation & Ranking Drilling of Leads and Prospects Detailed 2D grid on Prospects Exploration Portfolio Regional 2D Data & Wells Historical data Evaluation Exploration Programs “Hernieuwbaar energiepotentieel en business opportunities in Suriname” 5 Time (in yrs) 2008 2010 2011 2009 2012 2013 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” 88 41 35 32 46 9° 0' 0" N 9° 0' 0" N 58° 0' 0" W 57° 0' 0" W 56° 0' 0" W 55° 0' 0" W 54° 0' 0" W 53° 0' 0" W 52° 0' 0" W 32 3 0 N 40 34 30N 42 49 EXXON ᤡ 75 % ᤢ SHELL ᤡ 25% ᤢ CGX ᤡ 100% ᤢ St abr oek Concessi on Cor ent yne Annex 48 47 46 8° 0' 0" N 8° 0' 0" N 2D seismic (2004) 3D seismic (2005) Well (2008) B lo c k 3 0 Block 30S 38 39 33 42 30N 38 B o r d e r Repsol YPF Noble Energy Petro-Hunt South Murphy Oil TULLOW ᤡ 30% ᤢ Geor get own REPSOL ᤡ 45% ᤢ CGX ᤡ 25% ᤢ 45 8° 0' 0" N 3D seismic: 2008 - 09 2 Wells : 2010 - 11 2D seismic (2005) 3D seismic ( 2009) Block 37 Block 31 13 14 15 36 44 43 G u ia n a M a r it im e B o r d e r S u r in a m e - G u y a n a M a r itim e B Murphy Oil Inpex Geor get own Concessi on CGX (100%) Corentyne Concession 7° 0' 0" N 7° 0' 0" N 1 Well (2011 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Paramaribo S u r in a m e - F r e n c h G Nickerie Block Coronie Block C a lc u t t a B lo c k T a m b a r e d jo B lo c k U it k ijk B lo c k W e g n a a r Z e e B lo c k Commewijne Block Tullow Oil POC Tull ow 97. 5% Excl usi ve Expl or ati on Li cence 6° 0' 0" N 6° 0' 0" N Guyana Suri name Fr ench Gui ana 5° 0' 0" N 5° 0' 0" N 58° 0' 0" W 57° 0' 0" W 56° 0' 0" W 55° 0' 0" W 54° 0' 0" W 53° 0' 0" W 52° 0' 0" W 0 40 80 120 160 km Tambaredjo Oil Field Calcutta Oil Field “Hernieuwbaar energiepotentieel en business opportunities in Suriname” 8 Contractors: USGS 2000: 15 billion barrels potential Long – Medium Term Plans 5 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 K/4-1S K/6-2 L/10-1X L/3-1S L/6-1S L/7-2S L/8-1 5 6 7 2D/3D/wells k e r i e B l o c k b a r e d j o B l o c k o m m e w i j n e B l o c k n i e B l o c k r Z e e B l o c k o m b o B l o c k c u t t a B l o c k Tambaredjo Field 6 3 a c r e s 2 4 a c r e s 2,043 sq.km/ 504,736 acres Tambaredjo NWField Calcutta Field Paramaribo B/34-1X K/4 1S L/3 1S JKS-1 NIC-1 SK-1 SMS-1 TA-2 TA-3 TN-1 TPS-1 WA-1 WA-2 WA-3 N i c k T a m b C o C o r o n W e g N a a r W a y o C a l c 2,677 sq.km/ 661,535 acres 2,593 sq.km / 640,641 acres 1,616 sq.km/ 399,328 acres 8 0 8 s q .k m / 1 9 9 ,5 6 7 5 8 s q .k m / 1 8 7 ,3 2 901 sq.km / 222,799 acres DP WA-4 WY-1 600000 600000 15 0 15 30 45 km 5 wells 10 & 2 test wells 5 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 10/5 wells 3 appraisal wells 3 appraisal wells 8 & 1 test wells “Hernieuwbaar energiepotentieel en business opportunities in Suriname” 7 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” 89 USGC No. 6 Fuel Oil 3% S Price development 120 CurrentEconCrisis D d d t ti 100 Demanddestruction fromUSA &China 80 l OPEC10%quotaincrease AsianEconCrisis PDVSAStrike Iraqwar AsianGrowth 40 60 $ / b b SeriesofOPECcuts 4.2MillionBarrels 20 40 9/11 - Jan-95 Jan-96 Jan-97 Jan-98 Jan-99 Jan-00 Jan-01 Jan-02 Jan-03 Jan-04 Jan-05 Jan-06 Jan-07 Jan-08 “Hernieuwbaar energiepotentieel en business opportunities in Suriname” 10 Jan-95 Jan-96 Jan-97 Jan-98 Jan-99 Jan-00 Jan-01 Jan-02 Jan-03 Jan-04 Jan-05 Jan-06 Jan-07 Jan-08 Confidence in our own abilities Peak Oil estimation and ‘oil Peak Oil estimation and ‘oil--related’ mitigations related’ mitigations “Hernieuwbaar energiepotentieel en business opportunities in Suriname” 9 Confidence in our own abilities “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” 90 “Hernieuwbaar energiepotentieel en business opportunities in Suriname” 12 “Hernieuwbaar energiepotentieel en business opportunities in Suriname” 11 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” 91 End of Presentation “Hernieuwbaar energiepotentieel en business opportunities in Suriname” 14 Business opportunities • Staatsolie concentreert zich op haar core business en streeft ernaar om niet strategische delen van de g werkzaamheden uit te besteden. Dit zal in de toekomst in toenemende mate plaatsvinden. • In alle internationale contracten wordt altijd opgenomen de eis dat het lokale bedrijfsleven betrokken wordt en dat j er voorkeur wordt gegeven aan lokale werknemers. “Hernieuwbaar energiepotentieel en business opportunities in Suriname” 13 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” 92 World supply of energy in GTOE World supply of energy in GTOE “Hernieuwbaar energiepotentieel en business opportunities in Suriname” 16 Government budget contribution Government budget contribution IMF country report May 2008 IMF country report May 2008 Table 7. Suriname: Central Government Operations (In millions of Suriname dollars) 2005 2006 Est.2007 Revenue and grants 1,352.1 1,601.0 2,002.0 Revenue 1,270.8 1,520.0 1,902.5 Direct taxes 540.7 610.4 778.8 Indirect taxes 507.0 674.7 804.0 N t 223 1 234 9 319 7 Nontax revenue 223.1 234.9 319.7 Grants 81.3 81.0 99.5 Relation SOM contribution to total Government budget 2008 2009 2008 2009 Contribution SOM 826 154 Ref 2007 Gov budget 2002 2002 “Hernieuwbaar energiepotentieel en business opportunities in Suriname” 15 Confidence in our own abilities Percentage SOM contribution 41% 8% “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” 93 Staatsolie Crude Production 5 8 MM 5.40 0.4 Staatsolie Fuel Oil 5,8 MM Staatsolie LVGO 0.20 0.1 5.60 0.50 2.46 0.23 2 15 0 10 Import Fuel Oil Local * Suralco * EBS Total Import LVGO by Staatsolie Total Local 2.15 0.10 0.27 0.02 0.00 0.08 0.02 * SPCS 0.00 0 02 0 03 Suralco EBS * EBS * SPCS * Other * Staatsolie * Staatsolie * Bunkering (Fishery) * Other 0.02 0.03 Export 2.90 Export 0.29 0.60 0.08 2.30 0.21 * Other * Bunkering * Regio * Bunkering * Regio * Other “Hernieuwbaar energiepotentieel en business opportunities in Suriname” 17 0.24 -0.02 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” 94 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” Presentaties elektriciteit: Vraag, aanbod en Toekomstvoruitzichten Samuel Mchairjan M.Sc. 95 Agenda 2 g • Vraag Ł N V Energie Bedrijven Suriname gegevens N.V. Energie Bedrijven Suriname gegevens Ł Groei van de Elektriciteit in Suriname Ł Groei Prognose Ł kWh verbruik • Aanbod Ł Elektriciteits Opwekking Ł Korte Termijn Problemen en Oplossingen Korte Termijn Problemen en Oplossingen Ł Afobaka Lake Level • Toekomstvooruitzichten Ł Vraag & Aanbod Ł Suriname – Frans Guyana Inter-connectie Ł Hernieuwbare Energie Potentie en Energiebesparing • Conclusies en Aanbevelingen… Elektriciteit: Elektriciteit: 1 Elektriciteit: Elektriciteit: Vraag, Aanbod en Toekomstvooruitzichten Samuel Mehairjan M.Sc. Director Generation & Transmission N.V. Energie Bedrijven Suriname (EBS) Maandag 1 februari 2010 Seminar: Hernieuwbare energie potentieel en business opportunities in Hernieuwbare energie potentieel en business opportunities in Suriname Samenstellers: S Mehairjan MSc Electr Power Eng Samenstellers: S. Mehairjan MSc, Electr Power Eng, A. Bipat BSc, Mech Eng, R. Mehairjan BSc (Power Eng student TU Delft). “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” 96 VraagnaarElektriciteit: G i d l k i i i (i ) k 4 Groeivandeelektriciteit(inMW)EPARNetwerk 1966Ͳ okt 2009 160 180 100 120 140 W 60 80 M W Ͳ 20 40 6 6 6 8 7 0 7 2 7 4 7 6 7 8 8 0 8 2 8 4 8 6 8 8 9 0 9 2 9 4 9 6 9 8 0 0 0 2 0 4 0 6 0 8 year D EBS 2008 3 DeEBSgegevens2008 Personeels leden 943 943 Omzet 274 miljoen SRD 274 miljoen SRD Bezittingen 649 miljoen SRD 649 miljoen SRD Investeringen 182 miljoen SRD 182 miljoen SRD g jj Stroomverkopen 927 GWh (EPAR) 927 GWh (EPAR) Piek vermogen 175 175 – – 180 MW 180 MW “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” 97 Vraag naar Electriciteit EPAR + Rosebel: 6 VraagnaarElectriciteitEPAR+Rosebel: 2006Ͳ2009kWhVerbuik Jaar Jaar 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 aantal aantal GWh GWh aantal aantal GWh GWh aantal aantal GWh GWh aantal aantal GWh GWh Huishou 66 283 283 69 2 2 69 2 2 28 28 399 399 308 308 Huishou delijke 67.457 67.457 283.1 283.1 69.252 69.252 285.1 285.1 71.399 71.399 308.1 308.1 73.450 335.8 Commer -ciele 6.915 6.915 155.1 155.1 7.703 7.703 169.5 169.5 8.115 8.115 183.9 183.9 8.650 205.5 -ciele Indus- triele 694 694 118.9 118.9 697 697 164.9 164.9 700 700 181.5 181.5 710 225.8 Rose-bel 1 108.1 1 109.9 1 117.7 1 163.2 Diver- sen 91 91 149.9 149.9 99 99 159.5 159.5 99 99 181.5 181.5 105 200.9 sen Totaal Totaal 75.531 75.531 815.1 815.1 77.751 77.751 888.7 888.7 80.313 80.313 927.7 927.7 82.920 82.920 1131.2 1131.2 Groeiscenariov.dvraagnaarElektriciteit: 5 EPARPeak Demand JaarlijkseGroei 450 500 EPARPeakDemand 300 350 400 450 ( M W ) 150 200 250 P e a k L o a d ( '07 '08 '09 '10 '11 '12 '13 '14 '15 '16 '17 '18 '19 '20 Ͳ 50 100 LOW2.7% 130 134 137 141 145 149 153 157 161 165 170 175 179 184 BASE6.4% 130 139 148 157 167 178 189 201 214 228 243 259 275 293 HIGH10.0% 130 143 158 174 191 210 231 255 280 309 340 374 412 453 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” 98 Aanbod: 8 300 KorteTermijnProblemenenOplossingen……. 8%groeigemiddeldperjaar!! 8%groeigemiddeldperjaar!! 250 EBS Bruynzeel II 150 200 EBSBruynzeelII EBSBruynzeelI Staatsolie EBSMachine#20 100 EmergencyUnits SuralcoTG2 ExistingSupply 50 Demand OptimalSupply Level 0 Sep 09 Oct 09 Nov 09 Dec 09 Jan 10 Feb 10 Mar 10 Apr 10 May 10 Jun 10 Jul 10 Aug 10 Sep 10 Oct 10 Nov 10 Dec 10 Jan 11 Feb 11 Mar 11 Apr 11 May 11 Jun 11 Jul 11 Aug 11 Sep 11 Oct 11 Nov 11 Dec 11 Aanbod:EPAR+Iamgold 7 g ElektriciteitOpwekkersjaar2006Ͳ 2009 Jaar Jaar 2006 2006 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 Inkoop Inkoop Suralco Suralco ++Iamgold Iamgold ((GWh GWh) ) 753,7 753,7 890,6 890,6 1000 1000 1009,2 1009,2 Inkoop Inkoop SPCS ( SPCS (GWh GWh) ) 28,2 28,2 26,3 26,3 3,1 3,1 38,2 38,2 Opwekking EBS (GWh) Opwekking EBS (GWh) 132 1 132 1 31 2 31 2 31 8 31 8 131 6 131 6 Opwekking EBS (GWh) Opwekking EBS (GWh) 132,1 132,1 31,2 31,2 31,8 31,8 131,6 131,6 Totaal (GWh) Totaal (GWh) 914 914 948,1 948,1 1034,9 1034,9 1179 1179 G i G i 3 8 % 3 8 % 9 2 % 9 2 % 13 9% 13 9% Groei Groei 3,8 % 3,8 % 9.2 % 9.2 % 13,9% 13,9% “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” 99 Aanbod: 10 Afobaka LakeElevation Trends2009 Afobaka Lake Elevation Trends 266 2009 258 260 262 264 T 250 252 254 256 A T I O N I N F E E T rule curve 260 2009 242 244 246 248 L A K E E L E V A 238 240 242 dec jan f eb mar apr may june july aug sep oct nov dec Aanbod: 9 Aanbod: MWTrends 2009 EBS, RGM, NH MW actual and NH remaining 120,0 130,0 140,0 16,0 18,0 20,0 22,0 80 0 90,0 100,0 110,0 E B S , N H M W 8,0 10,0 12,0 14,0 R G M M W 50,0 60,0 70,0 80,0 0,0 2,0 4,0 6,0 Jan-09 Feb-09 Mar-09 Apr-09 May-09 Jun-09 Jul-09 Aug-09 Sep-09 Oct-09 Nov-09 Dec-09 NH MW remaining EBS MW actual 102,2 105,9 106,6 106,1 110,4 111,7 111,6 107,7 71,7 63,7 72,1 69,3 Jan-09 Feb-09 Mar-09 Apr-09 May-09 Jun-09 Jul-09 Aug-09 Sep-09 Oct-09 Nov-09 Dec-09 EBS MW actual , , , , , , , , , , , , NH MW actual 117,2 121,6 123,8 124,6 130,4 131,6 131,7 129,3 93,0 85,2 93,1 90,3 RGM MW actual 14,3 14,9 16,4 17,8 19,2 19,0 19,4 20,9 20,5 20,8 20,1 20,2 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” 100 ProposednewEBSPowerplant 12 p p (200MW) T k t it i ht 11 Toekomstvooruitzichten D j lijk i l t i it it i idd ld 8 • De jaarlijkse groei van electriciteit is gemiddeld 8- 13% • De investeringen voor additionele opwekking is direkt noodzakelijk (direct 9 +14 MW en 60 MW in ) twee jaren) • De N V EBS gaat in drie fasen een powerplant • De N.V. EBS gaat in drie fasen een powerplant neerzetten op Beekhuizen met een totale capaciteit van 200 MW. ( geschatte kosten op meer dan Euro 200 miljoen) “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” 101 14 HernieuwbareEnergievs. S stainable po er generation DuurzameEnergie: • Sustainable power generation: A form of power generation, which can be maintained economically without depleting or maintained economically without depleting or damaging the resources • Renewable power generation: A form of power generation, in which the required p g , q resources are normally replenished through natural processes Suriname – Fr. Guyana Interconnection 13 Suriname Fr.GuyanaInterconnection Menckendam Albina – St.Laurent 161 kV – 60 Hz 90 kV- 50 Hz Paranam 90 kV- 50 Hz Brokopondo Brokopondo “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” 102 HernieuwbareEnergie: 16 Potentie • Biomass Biomass Ł Planning of a Rice husk PowerStation in Nickerie (4 MW) Ł Planning sugarcane begasse PowerStation Wageningen (… MW) MW) Ł Planning domestic waste Power Station (10 MW) Ł Investigation of waste wood gasifiers to generate power • Biofuel Ł Ethanol Wagenigen en elders • Hydro power projects Ł Jai-Tapa en Marowijne K b l b Ł Kabalebo Ł Micro hydro in vele rivieren ontwikkelen. 15 HernieuwbareEnergie: • Micro Hydro Project in the rural areas Potentie Ł Puketi 1979-1981 (40 kW) Ł Gran Holo Sula 3 * 150 kW in sept 2010 in operation and Palumeu 5 kW asynchr gen. Ł And other rivers (future investigations) And other rivers (future investigations) • Wind Energy Projects Ł Galibi Research Location for Wind Potential Ł Private Owned Wind turbines (Lely Hills) Ł Hertenrits and Zeedijk in Nickerie (future investigations) • Solar Energy Projects Ł Kwamala Samutu solar project (4 years no funds anymore) Ł PV Raleighvallen PV j t C ij (500 kW) 2010 Ł PV project Commewijne (500 kW) 2010 Ł Solar thermal project (future investigations) Ł And other locations (future investigations) Bron: The Implementation Possibilities of Renewable Energy In the rural areas of Suriname - Maarten Mangnus “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” 103 18 Energie Efficiëntie: • TU Delft, Prof. B. Fereira EnergieEfficiëntie: VoorbeeldEnergiezuinigeApparatuur Bron: TU Delft, College Sustainable Power Engineering Prof. Fereira 17 EnergieEfficiëntie: DuurzameEnergieGebruik • Reduceren netverliezen Ł Transmissie Spanning (33kV -> 161 kV) V li i 12 3 3 6 3 kV Ł Verliezen in 12,3 3n 6,3 kV netten Ł LS netten en trafo verliezen reduceren • Efficiënte Energie verbruik • Efficiënte Energie verbruik Ł Spaar lampen……of LED Ł Energie zuinige apparatuur Energie zuinige apparatuur Ł Standby Power uitschakelen Ł Zuinig en slim omgaan met energie gebruik g g g g “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” 104 20 Energie Efficiëntie: • TU Delft, Prof. B. Fereira EnergieEfficiëntie: VoorbeeldEnergiezuinigeApparatuur Bron: TU Delft, College Sustainable Power Engineering Prof. Fereira 19 Energie Efficiëntie: • TU Delft, Prof. B. Fereira EnergieEfficiëntie: VoorbeeldEnergiezuinigeApparatuur Bron: TU Delft, College Sustainable Power Engineering Prof. Fereira “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” 105 Energie Efficiëntie: 22 EnergieEfficiëntie: VoorbeeldVerlichting Bron: Osram GmbH; evg-spot 1/2007 21 Energie Efficiëntie: • TU Delft, Prof. B. Fereira EnergieEfficiëntie: VoorbeeldEnergiezuinigeApparatuur + Eigen Opwekking g p g Bron: TU Delft, College Sustainable Power Engineering Prof. Fereira “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” 106 Energie Efficiëntie: 24 EnergieEfficiëntie: InnovatieindeTechnologie Energie Efficiëntie: 23 EnergieEfficiëntie: VoorbeeldGloeilampvs.LEDlamp 40 Watt 8 Watt 6 Watt Bron: www.vron.nl “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” 107 Voorbeeldenergiezuinigetrafo 26 g g Rated Capacity (kVA) Efficiency 15 97 30 97.5 45 97.7 75 98 112.5 98.2 150 98.3 225 98.5 300 98.6 500 98.7 750 98.8 750 98.8 1000 98.9 1500 - 2000 - 2500 - 2500 - EnergieEfficiëntie: 25 VoorbeeldStandby Power “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” 108 28 Aanbevelingen • Suriname zal ook mee moeten gaan met de nieuwe technieken van sustainable en renewable power ivm g milieubehoud . O d ij i t lli t h i l • Onderwijs instellingen moeten hun curriculum aanpassen m.b.t. duurzame energievoorziening. • Bewustwording van de samenleving in duurzame energie energie. • Bedrijven moeten opgeleide technische Bedrijven moeten opgeleide technische medewerkers inzetten ivm de snelle ontwikkelingen en besparingen. 27 Conclusies • In de energie voorzienings-sector zijn er grote investeringen te verwachten in de komende jaren, g j vanwege groei en vervanging.miljoenen dollars. • Er zal meer toepassing moeten plaatsvinden van duurzame energie opwekkingen, implementatie van hogere spanningen in transmissie om verliezen te hogere spanningen in transmissie om verliezen te reduceren. Ook reductie van verlies in distributie. • Zonne energie en energie zuinige apparatuur genieten hoge prioriteit in de toepassing huishoudens genieten hoge prioriteit in de toepassing huishoudens en industrie door innovatie technieken.. “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” 109 Energie Efficiëntie: 30 Energie Efficiëntie: Voorbeeld Verlichting 29 Samuel Mehairjan M.Sc. Samuel Mehairjan M.Sc. Director Generation & Transmission Director Generation & Transmission N V N V Energie Energie Bedrijven Bedrijven Suriname Suriname N.V. N.V. Energie Energie Bedrijven Bedrijven Suriname Suriname “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” 110 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” Presentaties energie indicatoren en ontbrekende Kennis (Data) Cornel wijngaarde M.Sc. 111 Seminar: Seminar: Hernieuwbaar Energiepotentieel Hernieuwbaar Energiepotentieel en en ‘Business Opportunities’ in Suriname. ‘Business Opportunities’ in Suriname. • OPBOUW PRESENTATIE 1. Basis Energie Indicatoren 2. Andere Belangrijke Indicatoren 3. Specifieke Hernieuwbare Energie Indicatoren 4. Ontbrekende Kennis/Data 5. Te Ondernemen Acties (voor ‘Business Opportunities’) ( pp ) 6. Stelling Cornel Wijngaarde MSc. 2 1-02-2010 Seminar: Seminar: Hernieuwbaar Energiepotentieel Hernieuwbaar Energiepotentieel en en ‘Business Opportunities’ in Suriname. ‘Business Opportunities’ in Suriname. Energie Indicatoren en Energie Indicatoren en Ontbrekende Kennis(Data) “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” 112 Seminar: Seminar: Hernieuwbaar Energiepotentieel Hernieuwbaar Energiepotentieel en en ‘Business Opportunities’ in Suriname. ‘Business Opportunities’ in Suriname. • Andere belangrijke indicatoren -Economische/Financiële (bv. Tarieven en inkomsten, gemiddeld inkomen per inwoner per gebied, BNP, ‘Rating’ van het land) -Geografische en Demografische (bv. Locatie en samenstelling woongemeenschappen. -Juridische (bv. Electriciteitswet) Cornel Wijngaarde MSc. 4 1-02-2010 Seminar: Seminar: Hernieuwbaar Energiepotentieel Hernieuwbaar Energiepotentieel en en ‘Business Opportunities’ in Suriname. ‘Business Opportunities’ in Suriname. • Basis Energie indicatoren Opwekking, Netwerk -Opgesteld vermogen, -Karakteristieken centrales (thermisch, hernieuwbaar, l i ) nucleair), -Karakteristieken Transmissie en distributie netwerk. Belasting -Basis en Piek vermogen -Dag/Maand/Jaarbelastingskrommen. -Gemiddeld verbruik in kWh per inwoner -Vaststelling en Schatting groeipercentage Cornel Wijngaarde MSc. 3 1-02-2010 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” 113 Seminar: Seminar: Hernieuwbaar Energiepotentieel Hernieuwbaar Energiepotentieel en en ‘Business Opportunities’ in Suriname. ‘Business Opportunities’ in Suriname. •• Specifieke Hernieuwbare Energie Indicatoren Specifieke Hernieuwbare Energie Indicatoren (2) Zonne –energie: ± 5 kWh/m 2 /dag oftewel 18 MJoule/m 2 /dag. Slide 12, Slide 13,Slide 14,Slide 17 Cornel Wijngaarde MSc. 6 1-02-2010 Seminar: Seminar: Hernieuwbaar Energiepotentieel Hernieuwbaar Energiepotentieel en en ‘Business Opportunities’ in Suriname. ‘Business Opportunities’ in Suriname. •• Specifieke Hernieuwbare Energie Indicatoren (1) Specifieke Hernieuwbare Energie Indicatoren (1) Technisch (belangrijkste). Informatiebronnen (T h i h P kti h) INDICATOR ENERGIEBRON (Technisch en Praktisch). WATER Hydrologische (debiet, snelheid,verval). Energieverbruik,netwerk G fi h li i Min. NH, Min. OW&V (waterloopkundige dienst), AdeKUS (FTeW) NGO’s(DRES) UNDP Min Geografische ligging (FTeW), NGO s(DRES),UNDP, Min. RO/FOB. ZON Zonne -intensiteit en duur .Energieverbruik, netwerk .Geografische ligging. Min. NH, Min. OW&V (meteorologische dienst), AdeKUS(FTeW), UNDP, NGO’s (PAS, METS R t ) NASA b it METS, Rotary), NASA website BIOMASSA Welke ‘Bio-Energie Gewas’, veeteelt, bodemgesteldheid. Biomassa opbrengst Energieverbruik, netwerk.Geografische Min. NH(EBS, Staatsolie), Min. LVV, AdeKUS(IGSR, FTeW), NGO’s.(Rotary e.a.). ligging NGO s.(Rotary e.a.). WIND Windsnelheidsprofiel Energieverbruik, netwerk Geografische ligging. AdeKUS(FTeW), Min. NH, Min. OW&V (meteorologische dienst), NASA website(atmosferic research data) Cornel Wijngaarde MSc. 5 1-02-2010 data) “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” 114 Seminar: Seminar: Hernieuwbaar Energiepotentieel Hernieuwbaar Energiepotentieel en en ‘Business Opportunities’ in Suriname. ‘Business Opportunities’ in Suriname. BRON Ontbrekende Technische en Practische Data (belangrijkste). Overige • Ontbrekende Kennis(Data) WATER Hydrologische (debiet, watersnelheid, verval) over enkele jaren gemeten. Bouwen en technisch managen van kleine waterkrachtcentrales onder specifieke omstandigheden. Energieverbruik gemeenschappen binnenland. Bouwkosten en kWh prijs Sociaal, economisch en politieke managen . Milieu effecten. Wetgeving g g pp Wetgeving ZON Gedetaileerde info Zonne -intensiteit en duur. Gedrag zonne-energie installaties (PV, thermisch) in het bos. Energieverbruik gemeenschappen binnenland. Idem. (kostprijs en kWh prijs voor klein vermogen te achterhalen via privé gebruikers ) gebruikers.) BIOMASSA Opbrengst ‘Energie Gewas’ of biomassa (landbouw, veeteelt) voor gebruik op grote schaal. Energieverbruik gemeenschappen binnenland Idem. WIND Windsnelheidsprofiel aan de kust(mn. Galibi en Nw. Nickerie), Oostzijde Brokopondo stuwmeer e.a. relevante plaatsen. Energieverbruik gemeenschappen kuststreek buiten EBS verzorgingsgebied Idem Cornel Wijngaarde MSc. 8 1-02-2010 EBS verzorgingsgebied. Seminar: Seminar: Hernieuwbaar Energiepotentieel Hernieuwbaar Energiepotentieel en en ‘Business Opportunities’ in Suriname. ‘Business Opportunities’ in Suriname. •• Specifieke Hernieuwbare Energie Indicatoren Specifieke Hernieuwbare Energie Indicatoren (3) Wind: Periode 9-18 u.(± 9 uren lang) windsnelheden gemeten tussen 6-8 m/s. Galibi (okt.-dec. 2009) Slide 16, ook metingen te Nw. Nickerie Slide 15 Galibi (okt. dec. 2009) Slide 16, ook metingen te Nw. Nickerie Slide 15 Biomassa: -Rijstkaf in Nickerie voldoende voor El. Centrale van 4 MWe. (Directe oplossing acuut milieu probleem) S ik i t l Bi f l St t li W i j t lit /h /j -Suikerriet als Biofuel –Staatsolie Wageningen project: liter/ha/jr. -Jatropha Curcas als Biofuel, pilot projekt te Goejaba: liter/ha/jr Water: Jaikreek-Tapanahony rivier waterkracht projekt. Schatting 400 MW. p y p j g Gran Holo micro-waterkrachtprojekt. Schatting 100 kW. Slide 16 Gran kriki small-waterkrachtprojekt. Schatting 15 MW. Puketi micro-Waterkrachtcentrale 40 kW. Slide 18 Panato micro Waterkracht centrale( 20 kW?)Slide 21 Cornel Wijngaarde MSc. 7 1-02-2010 Panato micro-Waterkracht centrale( 20 kW?)Slide 21 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” 115 Seminar: Seminar: Hernieuwbaar Energiepotentieel Hernieuwbaar Energiepotentieel en en ‘Business Opportunities’ in Suriname. ‘Business Opportunities’ in Suriname. STELLING Gebruik hernieuwbare energiebronnen als ‘Energy Security’ en niet zozeer als reductie ‘GHG’ in Suriname Cornel Wijngaarde MSc. 10 1-02-2010 GHG in Suriname. Seminar: Seminar: Hernieuwbaar Energiepotentieel Hernieuwbaar Energiepotentieel en en ‘Business Opportunities’ in Suriname. ‘Business Opportunities’ in Suriname. Te Ondernemen Stappen. Uitvoering geven aan aanbevelingen KEMA rapport (2008): Uitvoering geven aan aanbevelingen KEMA rapport (2008): ‘SURINAME POWER SECTOR ASSESSMENT AND ALTERNATIVES FOR ITS MODERNIZATION’ t.w.: 1. Instellen Nationaal Energie Instituut 2. Instellen Electriciteits Tarieven Commissie Aandachtsgebieden: -Stimulerings maatregelen voor gebruik herwinbare energie m.n. introduceren van subsidies en ‘Feed-in’ tarieven, -Nationaal Energiefonds oprichten voor o.a. financiering wetenschappelijk onderzoek op het gebied van gebruik hernieuwbare energiebronnen. Cornel Wijngaarde MSc. 9 1-02-2010 -Aanpassing wetgeving. “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” 116 Seminar: Seminar: Hernieuwbaar Energiepotentieel Hernieuwbaar Energiepotentieel en en ‘Business Opportunities’ in Suriname. ‘Business Opportunities’ in Suriname. Cornel Wijngaarde MSc. 12 1-02-2010 Seminar: Seminar: Hernieuwbaar Energiepotentieel Hernieuwbaar Energiepotentieel en en ‘Business Opportunities’ in Suriname. ‘Business Opportunities’ in Suriname. Cornel Wijngaarde MSc. 11 1-02-2010 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” 117 Seminar: Seminar: Hernieuwbaar Energiepotentieel Hernieuwbaar Energiepotentieel en en ‘Business Opportunities’ in Suriname. ‘Business Opportunities’ in Suriname. Cornel Wijngaarde MSc. 14 1-02-2010 Seminar: Seminar: Hernieuwbaar Energiepotentieel Hernieuwbaar Energiepotentieel en en ‘Business Opportunities’ in Suriname. ‘Business Opportunities’ in Suriname. Cornel Wijngaarde MSc. 13 1-02-2010 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” 118 Seminar: Seminar: Hernieuwbaar Energiepotentieel Hernieuwbaar Energiepotentieel en en ‘Business Opportunities’ in Suriname. ‘Business Opportunities’ in Suriname. Cornel Wijngaarde MSc. 16 1-02-2010 Seminar: Seminar: Hernieuwbaar Energiepotentieel Hernieuwbaar Energiepotentieel en en ‘Business Opportunities’ in Suriname. ‘Business Opportunities’ in Suriname. Cornel Wijngaarde MSc. 15 1-02-2010 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” 119 Seminar: Seminar: Hernieuwbaar Energiepotentieel Hernieuwbaar Energiepotentieel en en ‘Business Opportunities’ in Suriname. ‘Business Opportunities’ in Suriname. Cornel Wijngaarde MSc. 18 1-02-2010 Seminar: Seminar: Hernieuwbaar Energiepotentieel Hernieuwbaar Energiepotentieel en en ‘Business Opportunities’ in Suriname. ‘Business Opportunities’ in Suriname. Cornel Wijngaarde MSc. 17 1-02-2010 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” 120 Seminar: Seminar: Hernieuwbaar Energiepotentieel Hernieuwbaar Energiepotentieel en en ‘Business Opportunities’ in Suriname. ‘Business Opportunities’ in Suriname. Cornel Wijngaarde MSc. 20 1-02-2010 Seminar: Seminar: Hernieuwbaar Energiepotentieel Hernieuwbaar Energiepotentieel en en ‘Business Opportunities’ in Suriname. ‘Business Opportunities’ in Suriname. Cornel Wijngaarde MSc. 19 1-02-2010 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” 121 Seminar: Seminar: Hernieuwbaar Energiepotentieel Hernieuwbaar Energiepotentieel en en ‘Business Opportunities’ in Suriname. ‘Business Opportunities’ in Suriname. Cornel Wijngaarde MSc. 22 1-02-2010 Seminar: Seminar: Hernieuwbaar Energiepotentieel Hernieuwbaar Energiepotentieel en en ‘Business Opportunities’ in Suriname. ‘Business Opportunities’ in Suriname. PUKETI Cornel Wijngaarde MSc. 21 1-02-2010 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” 122 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” Presentaties De beheersing van de energievraag & hernieuwbaar energiepotentieel van Suriname Johan geeraert 123 Inhoud Inhoud • Rationeel gebruik van energie Rationeelgebruikvanenergie • Hernieuwbareenergie Debeheersingvandeenergievraag& Debeheersingvandeenergievraag& hernieuwbaarenergiepotentieelvan hernieuwbaarenergiepotentieelvan g p g p Suriname Suriname JohanGeeraert,1feb2010, JohanGeeraert,1feb2010, Stichtingenergie&duurzameontwikkelingSuriname Stichtingenergie&duurzameontwikkelingSuriname “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” 124 Wiegebruiktenergie? Waarom?Hoeveelverbruikenze? • Energiegebruik om de levensfuncties te onderhouden Energiegebruikomdelevensfuncties teonderhouden =>109w/capita • Energiegebruikomdelevensvoorwaarden teverbeteren – Globale primaireenergiegebruikpercapita p g g p p =>2353W/capita 2007 of22energierobots/capita – PrimaireenergieverbruikpercapitavanSuriname =>3160W/capita 1999 of29energierobots/capita Inhoud Inhoud • Rationeel gebruik van energie Rationeelgebruikvanenergie • Hernieuwbareenergie “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” 125 Drijvers van het energieverbruik Drijversvanhetenergieverbruik TPED = N(capita)*BNP(US$/capita.jaar)*EI(J/US$) TPED N(capita) BNP(US$/capita.jaar) EI(J/US$) BevolkingvanSuriname ( t ld j t d ) 800,000 1,000,000 (geteldeengeprojecteerde) 400,000 600,000 Ͳ 200,000 , 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060 Geprojecteerdegroeivoet1,2% Geprojecteerdegroeivoet1,4% Geteld Expon.(Geteld) Bron: ABS, 2008, 2009 Drijvers van het energieverbruik Drijversvanhetenergieverbruik TPED(J/jaar) = N(capita)*BNP(US$/capita.jaar)*EI(J/US$) TPED(J/jaar) N(capita) BNP(US$/capita.jaar) EI(J/US$) • TPED: Totale Primaire Energie vraag TPED:TotalePrimaireEnergievraag • N:Bevolking • BNP: Bruto Nationaal Product BNP:BrutoNationaalProduct • EI:EnergieIntensiteit “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” 126 Drijvers van het energieverbruik Drijversvanhetenergieverbruik TPED(J/jaar) = N(capita)*BNP(US$/capita.jaar)*EI(J/US$) TPED(J/jaar) N(capita) BNP(US$/capita.jaar) EI(J/US$) t Energieintensiteit: Totaal primair energieverbruik per gerealiseerde US$ BNP 25 30 35 n t e n s i t e i t 5 $ ( P P P ) TotaalprimairenergieverbruikpergerealiseerdeUS$BNP 15 20 25 n e r g i e Ͳ i n M J / U S 0 5 0 5 10 E n ( 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 Brazil FrenchGuiana Guyana Suriname Bron: EIA/DOE, http://tonto.eia.doe.gov Drijvers van het energieverbruik Drijversvanhetenergieverbruik TPED(J/jaar) = N(capita)*BNP(US$/capita.jaar)*EI(J/US$) TPED(J/jaar) N(capita) BNP(US$/capita.jaar) EI(J/US$) BrutoNationaalProduct purchasingͲpowerͲparity(PPP) van Suriname (Miljard US $) 4 5 $ ) vanSuriname(MiljardUS$) 2 3 P P ( G U S $ 1 2 G D P P 0 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 Bron: http://www.indexmundi.com/suriname/gdp_(purchasing_power_parity).html “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” 127 Definitie: RationeelEnergieGebruikofREG • Bewust afzien van energiediensten Bewustafzienvanenergiediensten • Energieefficiëntieverhogen – Primaire energie Primaireenergie – Eindenergie – Energiediensten Drijvers van het energieverbruik Drijversvanhetenergieverbruik TPED= N * BNP * EI TPED N BNP EI • Geenenkeleexponentiëlegroeivoetisoptermijn duurzaam duurzaam • Positievegroeivoetlooptaltijduitdehand G i d T t l P i i E i (TPED) • GroeivandeTotalePrimaireEnergievraag(TPED) isfunctievande: Groeivoet Verdubbel/ Groeivoet Verdubbel/ halveertijd Toenamebevolking 1,2%...1,4% у50jaar T l t 7 5% 9 3 j Toenamewelvaart 2000Ͳ2009 7,5% 9,3jaar Verminderingenergieintensiteit 2000Ͳ2007 Ͳ1,57% 44,6jaar TPED(J/jaar) 7,3% 9,6jaar “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” 128 REG Potentieel REGPotentieel • WereldREGpotentieel: > Technisch: ~2/3 e primaire energie =>Technisch:~2/3 e primaireenergie • =>Economisch:~1/3 e primaireenergie • REGpotentieelvanSuriname: =>slechtszevenvoorbeeldenwerden uitgewerkt(spaarlampen,koelkastenA++, energiezuinigeauto’s,transfo’s metlagere verliezen,WKK,…) =>verderonderzoekvereist REG paradoxen REGparadoxen • Niet altijd hebben zowel de verbruiker als de Nietaltijdhebbenzoweldeverbruikeralsde samenlevingvoordeelbijREGmaatregelen • ReboundEffect “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” 129 OpbrengstenvanzevenREG maatregelen 13 68 0.23 0.30 16 13.68 0.18 0.06 0.11 0.05 0.03 0 00 0.10 0.20 8 10 12 14 0.19 0.12 3.51 3.51 0.35 0.12 Ͳ0.23 Ͳ0.20 Ͳ0.10 0.00 2 4 6 8 0.19 0.12 0.12 Ͳ0.30 0 OpbrengstvandeREGmaatregel (%vanhetenergieverbruikin1999van Suriname) Suriname) Kostenbesparingvoorklantensamenleving (US$/kWh) NettoREGopbrengstperbespaardekWh energiealsfunctievandetotale kostenbesparingvoorSuriname 0.25 WKKLM6000extrapolatie 0.20 e r k W h $ / k W h ) p naarSuralco Nieuweenergiezuinige ' 0.15 i n g R E G p e e r g i e ( U S $ auto's (100000) Distributietransfo'smet lage nullastverliezen 0 05 0.10 e n b e s p a r i p a a r d e e n e lagenullastverliezen Energiezuinigekoelkasten A+++ 0.00 0.05 K o s t b e s p (150000) Spaarlampenipv gloeilampen (500 000) 0 2 4 6 SomkostenbesparingenREG(%BNP2008) (500000) WKKStaatsolie “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” 130 Inhoud Inhoud • Rationeel gebruik van energie Rationeelgebruikvanenergie • Hernieuwbareenergie REG Besluiten REGBesluiten • Het (als voorbeeld) onvolledig Het(alsvoorbeeld)onvolledig geïdentificeerdeeconomischREGpotentieel van Suriname bedraagt al ~18% van het vanSurinamebedraagtal 18%vanhet energieverbruik. • Er is bijkomend onderzoek nodig om het REG • ErisbijkomendonderzoeknodigomhetREG potentieelvanSurinametevervolledigen. E d f d • Ermoetnagegaanwordenofde energieprijzeninSurinameaanzettentotREG “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” 131 Enkele basisconcepten Enkelebasisconcepten • Energiekomtvoorondervormvan: g – voorraden ofstocks(uitgedruktinJoule) – stromen (uitgedruktinWatt) • Deenergievoorradenwordenverderonderverdeeldin: – energiebronnen – energiereserves die economisch uitbaatbaar zijn aan de – energiereserves dieeconomischuitbaatbaarzijnaande thansgeldendemarktprijzenenmetdenubeschikbare technologie. D i d i d i i • Deuitdagingendreiging: – nietzozeerdeuitputtingvandereservesaanfossiele brandstof – weldeklimaatuitdagingdieverplichttotkoolstofarme energiebevoorrading Hernieuwbare energie Hernieuwbareenergie • een antwoord op: eenantwoordop: – veiligstellenvandenationaleenergiebevoorrading enindustri̘leproductie – Koolstofarmeenergieopwekking • specifiekeSurinaamsesituatie – Energiebalans: inportÙexport – Betalingsbalans: $ uit Ù$ in – Milieu:financieringviaCDM – Merk:groenestrategie “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” 132 Energiebalans van onze aarde Energiebalansvanonzeaarde Energiebalans van onze aarde (TW) (op basis van Stoy 1980; FfE) (op basis van Stoy, 1980; FfE) 175000 125000 150000 175000 82775 57225 25025 35 11 6 3 5 350 25000 50000 75000 100000 -54250 -30450 -7525 -30975 -21525 -4725 -5075 -9275 -10675 35 11,6 3,5 -175 -350 -75000 -50000 -25000 0 r r r k k n e k s d e n e r d e m n ) i n g o p d e a a r d a t m o s f e e r t d o o r d e a a r d a t m o s f e e r e r d i n d e a a r d a t m o s f e e r t d o o r h e t a a r d o p p e r v l a k n d o p h e t a a r d o p p e r v l a k W i n d e n z e e s t r o m i n g e n o r p l a n t e n , f o t o s y n t h e s e l i n g o p h e t z e e o p p e r v l a k u i k t v o o r d e w a t e r c y c l u s T e r u g u i t g e s t r a a l d f g e g e v e n d o o r c o n v e c t i e t r a l i n g o p d e c o n t i n e n t e n o r v e r d a m p e n v a n w a t e r T e r u g u i t g e s t r a a l d f g e g e v e n d o o r c o n v e c t i e A a r d w a r m t e s t r o o m 0 0 0 u i t e n e r g i e v o o r r a d e n d e n w e r k i n g ( z o n + m a a n ) Z o n n e s t r a l i n g W e e r k a a t s t d G e a b s o r b e e W e e r k a a t s t d N e t t o i n v a l l e n d W O p g e n o m e n d o o I n v a l l e n d e s t r a l i n G e b r u A f g e I n v a l l e n d e s t r a G e b r u i k t v o o r A f g e J a a r v e r m o g e n 2 0 0 G e t i j d e Internationale klimaatuitdaging Internationaleklimaatuitdaging InstitutodePesquisaAmbientaldaAmazônia “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” 133 WindͲenergie Wind energie Vermogensdichtheidalsfunctievande d lh d 600 700 ( W / m 2 ) windsnelheid 400 500 600 c h t h e i d ( Vermogensdichtheid 200 300 400 o g e n s d i c (W/m2) Theoretischmaximum 0 100 V e r m o omvormbaar vermogen 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Windsnelheid(m/s) Toepassingen van zonneͲenergie Toepassingenvanzonne energie • ElektriciteitsproductiemetzonneͲenergie e t c te tsp oduct e et o e e e g e – Thermodynamisch(stoom) (effici̘ntieу...25%) – PhotoVoltaic (effici̘ntieу15%) ( %) • Thermischetoepassingen p g – Warmwatermeteen“zonneboiler” – Absorptiekoeling – Droogprocessen “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” 134 Biomassa Biomassa • Zonnestraling wordt door fotosynthese Zonnestralingwordtdoorfotosynthese gedeeltelijkomgezetnaarchemischeenergie die in biomassa vastgelegd wordt dieinbiomassavastgelegdwordt (effici̘ntie0,2%) • Theoretisch koolstofneutraal • Theoretischkoolstofneutraal • Verschillendesoorten“feedstock” • Hout(afval)alsbrandstof • Rijstkafalsbrandstof Waterkracht Waterkracht Parametersdiehetpotentieelbe̟nvloeden: a a ete s d e et pote t ee be oede : • Relatiefhoogteverschil – inSurinameeerderklein • Volumewater – Suriname=regenrijkgebied – Degrensrivieren=>grootstedebiet(m 3 /s) – Deafvoerongelijkmatigverdeeldoverhetjaar • 3maanden=>50% • 6maanden=>80% Waterkrachtcentrales omvormrendement Waterkrachtcentralesomvormrendement mini:60Ͳ80%,grote:80Ͳ90% “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” 135 Ruweraming Hernieuwbaar l EnergiepotentieelvanSuriname Theoretisch Technisch Economisch MW GWh jaar MW GWh jaar MW GWh jaar Waterkracht 7.987 2.419 120 ~900 180 450..650 1577 3350..4350 Biomassa:Afvalvan 16,5 144 150.000m³/jaar houtexploitatie , Bi Af l Biomassa:Afval 500.000m³/jaar houtexploitatie 50 432 Biomassa: Rijstkaf 6 7 59 Biomassa:Rijstkaf 6,7 59 ZonneͲenergie 34.129.167 100 100 Wind 12,5 25 Zwakkepunten h b vanhernieuwbareenergie • de hoge investeringskosten dehogeinvesteringskosten • deinherentevariabiliteit=> sterk veranderend aanbod => sterkveranderendaanbod=> beperktebeschikbaarheidsduur verschilt naargelang de soort: verschiltnaargelangdesoort: – tussen1.300h/jaarvoorPV – en4.000h/jaarvoorwaterkrachtmetdam (Itaipu:8.000h/jaar!) =>VerhoogtdekapitaalskostenperkW “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” 136 StichtingEnergie&Duurzame OntwikkelingSuriname Doel: een bijdrage leveren aan de duurzame Doel:eenbijdrageleverenaandeduurzame ontwikkelingvanSuriname Door: o a wetenschappelijke publicaties Door:o.a.wetenschappelijkepublicaties “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe” 137 “HeRnieuwBaaR eneRgiePoTenTieel en BuSineSS oPPoRTuniTieS in SuRinaMe”