Engineer's OutlookAn Engineer's Simple Outlook and Journal blog.. TA G A RCHI V E S : RE I NFO RCE D CO NCRE TE Reinforced Concrete Design Posted on May 22, 2013 Reinforced Concrete Design. My blog which I used most of my time, research, writing about concrete design calculations….!!! SH A R E TH IS: Share 0 Tweet Share 1 0 Like Be the first to like this. Posted in Engineering, Reinforced Concrete | Tagged Joseph Monier, Reinforced Concrete, Structural engineering | 1 Reply Reinforced Concrete Design Posted on May 21, 2013 What makes Unique of RC…? It is a COMPOSITE MATERIAL… It requires APPLICATION of more involved Principles of Mechanics… Structural Design is iterative requiring both ANALYSIS and DESIGN DECISIONS aided by judgment and EXPERIENCE. ACI 318 the model code in the United States of America for guiding the design of RC members, look at Chapter 8. NSCP Code the code in the Philippines..conforms to the provisions of ACI 318 Code!!! Important Material Properties… Concrete Strength and Steel Strength… 28day Compressive Strength, f’c: ACI 318 Code 2011 edition, Chapter 5. Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete, Ec: ACI 318 Code 2011 edition, Chapter 8.5 Strength property or yield strength, fy.. Modulus of Elasticity of Steel, Es: 29,000,000 psi –ACI 318 Code 2011 edition. 1. –Procedures on how to Design Reinforced Concrete Beams!!! Concrete Beam Sizing..! — Beam Section Diagram Determination of Beam Size (b x h)—USE Spreadsheet or Hand Calculation!!! Concrete Beam Size (b x h) or (b x d), FORMULA: — Beam Size Formula — Beam Section, Strain and Force Diagram — Equilibrium Equation orm Neutral Axis Distance.. Area of Steel (As) determination!!! — Strength Formula — As . c — Quadratic Equation for c Rebars Determination. 3 to 10.1 Set Neutral Axis distance.1 Minimum Beam Size for which Deflections are NOT LIKELY to be a Problem. — Smallest Beam Size NOT LIKELY TO HAVE DEFLECTION PROBLEM 1. development length.3.3.— Rho The ACI Code 10. . and required Stirrups. 1. c = 0.1.2 Arrangement of Rebars. hooks requirement. Splicing points and splice length.5 limits on the Steel Ratio (rho): 1.375cb…. — Stirrup Spacing Requirements per ACI — Stirrup Maximum Spacing . — ACI Bottom Bar Splice Requirements — ACI Standards for Top and Bottom Splice Requirements . –Procedures on how to Design Reinforced Concrete Columns!!! .— ACI Standards for Beams Reinforcements 2. — Tie Design Standards . — ACI Standards Columns Bars Details . — ACI Column Splice Details . — ACI Bar Bending Details . — ACI Bar Bending Details . A.— ACI Column Ties Requirements 2.B. –Structural Design for column using Interaction Diagram!!! — Interaction Diagram plot using Column design software and MS Excel Spreadsheet 2. –Example of ACI Interaction Diagram. . — Interaction DiagramRectangular SectionCourtesy of ACI . C. –Summary of Column Design Requirements!!! .— Interaction DiagramSpiral ColumnCourtesy of ACI 2. 65. Frame Analysis. and continuing with the ACI 318 05 and 2008 up to present.70 applicable up through ACI 3181999; they have been changed to phi =0.1 Strength Reduction Factor. Columns. 3. Beams.— Column Design Requirements 2. phi =0.–Example: Design of Concrete Members. . Footings using MS Spreadsheet. for compression controlled members (columns and beams under compression controls) beginning with ACI 3182002 Code.e. i. — FRAME ANALYSISMy own Spreadsheet Program . — MS Excel Spreadsheet for Column . — Column Excel Spreadsheet . — RC BEAMS — RC FOOTING1 . Nawy. 6th edition 2008. Design of Reinforced Concrete by Jack. 5. Posted in Engineering. International edition; 3. SH A R E TH IS: Share 578 Tweet Share 1 2 6 Like Be the first to like this. 9th edition2011; 2. 14th edition 2010. MacGregor. Reinforced Concrete (A Fundamental Approach). by James K. 3rd edition1993. McCormc. by Edward G. Structural engineering | 2 Replies . Mechanics and Design. 7th edition 2005. Design of Concrete Structures by Arthur H. Reinforced Concrete | Tagged Reinforced Concrete. C. Nilson. Design of Concrete Structures by Arthur H. Nilson. International edition; 4. 6th edition 2012. 12th edition 1997.— RC FOOTING2 REFERENCES: 1. Wight and James G. Reinforced Concrete. Vitruvius. and was not revived until eighteenth and nineteenth centuries (A.History of Reinforced Concrete and Structural Design Posted on May 4. Greek engineering. brownish yellowgray in color near Naples and reddish brown at Rome. Structural engineering History of Structural Analysis Posted on April 8.867 more words SH A R E TH IS: Share 0 Tweet Share 1 Like Be the first to like this. 2012 Engineer's Outlook .). Posted in Engineering | Tagged Early Renaissance. Romans engineering. he recommended pozzolana. which were volcanic sand from the sandlike beds of Puteoli. D. but such is not the case. an Architect/Engineer during the golden age of Caesar Augustus (around 25 BC). Although the Romans made cement – called Pozzolana – before Christ by mixing slaked lime with a volcanic ash from Mount Vesuvius and used it to make concrete for building. the art was lost during the Dark Ages 5th century 15th century A. He specifies 1 part lime to 3 parts… View original post 1. Marcus Vitruvius Pollio. 2012 Engineer's Outlook The average person thinks that concrete has been in common use for many centuries. In his writings around 25 BC in Ten Books on Architecture distinguished types of aggregate appropriate for the preparations of lime mortars. For the use of structural members. Hannebique. Joseph Monier.D. Reinforced Concrete. trusses and frames were used in construction for Hundred or even thousand of years before satisfactory methods of analysis were developed for them. Structural engineering | Leave a reply HARDY CROSS METHOD Structural Analysis Posted on January 20.STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS as we know it today evolved over several thousand years. However. 2012 My passion for Structural Engineering. arches. The Egyptian Imhotep built the great PYRAMID of Saqqara. Structural Design. Posted in Engineering | Tagged Ancient Egypt. Building Design. Construction. NO EVIDENCE that they had developed any THEORY of STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS. built during the third dynasty of the old kingdom in circa 2630 B.C. History. There is. During this time many types of structures such as beams. While ancient engineers showed some understanding of structural behavior (as evidenced by their successful construction of bridges. cathedrals). The EGYPTIANS and other ancient builders surely had some kinds of empirical rules drawn from previous experiences for determining sizes of structural members. sometimes is referred to… View original post 2. I focused my sight to delve into many books for Structural Analysis and Design calculations. so most of the time given to me by God. Timber Design; . real progress with the theory of structural analysis occurred only in the past 150 years.496 more words SH A R E TH IS: Share 0 Tweet Share 0 Like Be the first to like this. Structural Steel Design; 3. Structural Analysis. the Step Pyramid of Djoser Egypt’s first pyramid. Reinforced Concrete. Structural Reinforced Concrete Design; 2. I used to study and to research the history of this interesting major subjects in civil engineering; 1. Numerous Historic Books in Civil Engineering.D. ACI 318Building Code Requirements for Structural concrete. Uniform Building Code (UBC). ASCE 7 StandardMinimum Design Loads for Buildings and other Vertical Structures. Having a lot of experiences in life. 5. Theory of Structures; 7. 6. etc. Fortunately. Reinforced Concrete. British Steel Designer’s Manual 6th edition. 9. National Structural Code of the Philippines 2001 edition. . 2008 American Concrete Institute; 2. Strength of Materials (Mechanics of Materials). and my passion for structural engineering. 10. Mechanics of Materials. ACI Manual of Concrete Practice. namely; 1. Soil Mechanics and Foundation Design; 10. 8. Precast and Prestressed Concrete7th edition. CRSI Design Handbook. Physics; 12.g. I was challenged to research and study continuously particularly structural engineering. Differential and Integral Calculus; 11. 2004 American Concrete Institute; 3. DETAILING MANUAL 2004 edition. Mechanics of Engineering dated 1750 A. Transportation Engineering; 9. 4. Advance Algebra. Theory of Structures. Analytic Geometry; 13. I have collected and acquired many books. 7. 2008 edition. 12. American Steel Construction manual 13th edition. Engineering Mechanics; 5. e.D. 2011 edition. ACI Design handbook. to 1930 A. Hydraulics; 8. 6. PCI Design Handbook. 11. Plane Trigonometry; 14. design codes for civil engineers valued in US Dollars.4. concrete columns. in their works and calculations. so is there.ACI 2008 MANUAL OF CONCRETE PRACTICE ACI 2008 MANUAL OF CONCRETE PRACTICE Actually. e. he constructed some buildings in Catarman town. I focused my mind and sight to study and research the structural analysis and design calculation methods to make works easier for civil / structural engineers and structural designers. I had met a lot of people with different characters and personalities. the SCRUFFY. and adopted their procedures. I am self taught in Microsoft Excel and had developed frames and beams analysis. the DEFENSIVE ones. In my eagerness to acquire more knowledge. I doubted the method of calculations he used because he uses the balance condition in concrete designs. methodology and style with some modification to suit my satisfaction and method of analysis. since 1995. footings in metric . I have a friend who has the desire in structural analysis and design computations and construction. I started collecting books and studied most of the time if no projects to be supervised. through social networking I have acquired computer software. Further. he used to design simple buildings. the NONCHALANT and the BRILLIANT ones. the CLEAN. concrete beams. to mention. As much as there are differences in people’s character. the INCOMPLETE. but he is just a practicing engineer; Fabian. The method he used was erroneous it should be actual condition of the concrete columns. Microsoft Excel Spreadsheets software for design.g. this friend of mine is not really a recognized Structural Engineer by Professional Regulation Commission or by Philippine Institute of Civil Engineers (PICE). Also. through social networking I had learned to develop Spreadsheets for my analysis and design since 2006 up to present. This method can be used in complex building frames. MSExcel Spreadsheets software. in my indepth study and research. He published the method in the proceedings of the American Society of Civil Engineers in May 1930 after having taught the subject to his students at the University of Illinois since 1924. my friend Redeem Legaspi a software programmer who developed steelpro program. — Prof. 3. as structural design engineer and specialist. In my more than 22 years of experience as practicing engineer with continuous research. SAP2000. I used to think that being a practicing engineer for almost two decades. STAAD software. Accordingly. I surmise myself as a Structural design engineer already. to me it’s the best method for Structural Analysis and Design Calculation. I prefer to use the method developed by Professor Hardy Cross the Moment Distribution. ETABS. Hardy Cross HARDY CROSS method (innovation). continuous beams and simple beams and or vertical structures. I had learned various methods for Structural Analysis in ‘Hand’ or conventional method with the aid of calculator and also using computer software. 2. like for instance professor Besavilla who authored reviewer books. His Paper began a new era in the Analysis of Statically indeterminate frames and gave added impetus to their use. practice solving for building frames/beams and bridge structures. namely; 1. . developed by Professor Hardy Cross in 1924. they are all considered structural engineer. study.versions. Henceforth. PCA software. 4. SAFE design software. and also Gillesania also authored reviewer books. I have acquired knowledge and become Structural design engineer. Structural Analysis. McCormac. there has been an ever increasing use of computers for the analysis of all types of structures. I developed a spreadsheet for Continuous Span Frame Analysis using Hardy Cross method: — — Distribution factor formula FBD of a beam subjected to Uniformly loaded at distance L . Reference: J.Formula: Uniformly Distributed Load: M = W(L^2)/12 for fixed end moment Concentrated Load or Point Load: M = Pa(b^2)/L^2 fixed end moment M = Pb(a^2)/L^2 fixed end moment Prof.. computers software used is developed from the matrixanalysis procedures. Hardy Cross method was a popular method and was used for the Analysis of Continuous Beams and Frames and in Structural Engineering as a “Hand Calculations method and/or Conventional Calculations method” from 1930 until 1960. C. S. Computers are extremely efficient for solving the simultaneous equations that are generated by other methods of analysis. however.E. Since the 1960s. Generally. — FBD of a Beam Segment — Frame diagram for moment distribution — Moment Distribution screen shot of my MS Spreadsheet . Biography. Matrix calculations.— Shear Diagram screen shot of MS excel Spreadsheet I developed — Moment Diagramscreen shot of MS Excel spreadsheets. Professor Hardy Cross. Reinforced Concrete | Leave a reply History of Reinforced Concrete and Structural Design . Hardy Cross. SH A R E TH IS: Share 0 Tweet Share 0 Like Be the first to like this. any of their contents the engineersoutlook is not responsible nor endorses it. Hardy Cross School. Posted in Engineering | Tagged Greed of Money. Microsoft excel Spreadsheet. which I have developed Relevant Web Sites: This external links open a new window. In his writings around 25 BC in Ten Books on Architecture distinguished types of aggregate appropriate for the preparations of lime mortars. but such is not the case. and was not revived until eighteenth and nineteenth centuries (A. D. Structural engineering | Leave a reply History of Reinforced Concrete and Structural Design Posted on October 11. He specifies 1 part lime to 3 parts pozzolana for cements use in buildings. quite humbly titled “On the Origin of all Things”. Vitruvius. brownishyellowgray in color near Naples and reddish brown at Rome. For the use of structural members. an Architect/Engineer during the golden age of Caesar Augustus (around 25 BC). Although the Romans made cement – called Pozzolana – before Christ by mixing slaked lime with a volcanic ash from Mount Vesuvius and used it to make concrete for building.). the art was lost during the Dark Ages 5th century 15th century A. and then presented his views about the nature of theory versus practice. In his textbook. Vitruvius held forth on the fundamental behavior of building materials. who have no knowledge even of carpenter’s trade. Romans engineering. 2011 The average person thinks that concrete has been in common use for many centuries. the UNEDUCATED rather than the educated are in HIGHER FAVOR” and “ARCHITECTURE and ENGINEERING are professed by men. Posted in Engineering | Tagged Greek engineering. Vitruvius expressed his feelings and complained that: “The WORKMEN are in a HURRY. Marcus Vitruvius Pollio. which were volcanic sand from the sandlike beds of Puteoli.Posted on January 13.” . and vice versa.D. Joseph Monier. 2012 History of Reinforced Concrete and Structural Design. Vitruvius suggestion that design engineers should have more construction experience. SH A R E TH IS: Share 0 Tweet Share 0 Like One blogger likes this. My passion for reinforced concrete design is worth to press. he recommended pozzolana. Reinforced Concrete. among them Leonardo Da Vinci (14521519). Another Frenchman. engineers. published a book in 1861 describing many applications and uses of reinforced concrete. Francois Coignet. It influenced deeply from the Early Renaissance onward artist.He wrote the textbook De Architectura libri decem (Ten books on Architecture). Joseph Lambot in France constructed a small boat and received a patent in 1855. — Basilica at Fano design by Vitruvius 19 BC In the mid1800s. thinkers and architects. the only complete treatise on architecture to survive from classical antiquity. . Michelangelo (14751564). built in 1853 . First House in reinforced concrete.— Francois Coignet House. He apparently had NO QUANTITATIVE KNOWLEDGE regarding its behavior or ANY METHOD of making design CALCULATIONS. then followed by his pipes. Coignet Reinforced Concrete System Joseph Monier. generally deserves the credit for making the first practical use of reinforced concrete in 1849 to 1867. bridges in 1873.— Francois Coignet House. 1853 — F. flat plates in 1869. He acquired first French patent in 1867 for iron reinforced concrete tubs. . stairways in 1875. the owner of an important nursery in Paris. tanks in 1868. 1875 – Photo by Dr. Sid French — Reinforced Concrete – Monier System 1867 .— Chazelet Bridge designbuilt by Joseph Monier. Museum in San Francisco. However. Ransome was the first to use and patent in 1884 the deformed (twisted) bar. who conducted experiments on reinforced concrete beams in 1850s. Hyatt’s experiments were unknown until 1877 when published his work privately. Since that time. Ransome built the Leland Stanford Jr. Ransome System .— Reinforced Concrete details Monier System 1867 In the United States. — Ernest L. a reinforced concrete building two stories high and 312ft (95m) long. Ernest L. development of reinforced concrete in the United States has been rapid. In 1890. the pioneering were made by Thaddeus Hyatt. Photo by Jacques Mossot — Dragon Bridge design by Prof. Josef Melan1901 .— Bridge designed by F. Hannebique 18991900. Bridge. Emil Morsch Test of Beam .— Larimer Ave. USA Josef Melan system 1912 — GA Wayss and Prof. A. and he first used reinforced concrete in 1879. Wayss and Prof. von Emperger (Hungary professor/engineer). Slater. Turner. 1884 (Hungary builder). various investigators in Europe published theories and test results; among them were. Professor Moller system (Germany). Arthur Talbot at the University of Illinois. like C. Hannebique who was probably the first to use stirrups and bentup bars. Josef Melan 1892. A. in this he demonstrates the utility of stirrups to reinforce beams against SHEAR. Withey and Federick Turneaure at the University of Wisconsin.A. the inventor of Melan system (dragon bridge). Emil Morsch Test of Beam During 18911894. Wayss the first engineer who made theory.A.P. the German G. and then furnish formulas and methods for design; Francois Hannebique 1892 (France contracting engineer). and then F.— G. Morton O. (Austria professor/engineer. Robert Wunsch. but practical use was less extensive than in United States. . received patent in Brussels in 1892. W. Hannebique System – 1892 — Continuous Beams. Hannebique System – 1892 .— ConcreteSteel Rod Detailing. — Typical Arrangement of Reinforcement for Beams and Columns Hannebique System — Professor Moller System (Germany) – 1894 . relatively little was published. as the engineers working in the reinforced concrete field considered construction and computational methods as trade secrets. .— Professor Talbot Test of Reinforced Concrete Beam Throughout the entire period 1850 1900. by Armand Consider built in 1906 Photo Jacques Mossot One of the first publications that might be classified as a textbook was that of Armand Considere in 1899.— Bridge at Menier. uniform applications of knowledge to design were initiated. . with the formation in the United States of a joint committee of representatives of all organizations interested in reinforced concrete. In 1903. progress in reinforced concrete was rapid. In the first decade of the twentieth century. Extensive testing to determine beam behavior.P Turner US. C. Turneaure and Maurer published in 1907 entitled “Principles of Reinforced Concrete Construction”.— Principles of Reinforced concrete construction.A. Withey at the University of Wisconsin. Ransome and Alexis Saurbrey coauthored Reinforced Concrete Buildings. by Frederick E. and modulus of elasticity was conducted by Arthur N. among others. Turneaure and Morton O. Turneaure The earliest textbook in English was that of Frederick E. and by Bach in Germany. Talbot at the University of Illinois. .E. by F. compressive strength of concrete. Ransome (18521917) engineer architect an early innovator of reinforced concrete and was the first to use twisted bars. In 1912 Ernest L. Ernest L. 1903 by E.— First reinforced concrete skyscraper. L. Ransome . Withey Test of Concrete Beams .— M. engineers had conducted research extensively and revised the method of designs.— Turner System — Test of Beam conducted by Prof. . California (magnitude is 7. Talbot In 1906 major earthquake struck San Francisco.9). hence. magnitude 7. 1906 .9.— San Francisco Earthquake. — 1906 San Francisco Earthquake From about 1916 to the mid – 1930s, research centered on axially loaded column behavior. In the late 1930s and 1940s, eccentrically loaded columns, footings, and the Ultimate Strength of beams received special attention. With the interest in and understanding of the elastic methods of analysis in the early 1900s, the elastic Working Stress method(also called AllowableStress Design or straightline design) was adopted almost universally by codes as the best for design. — Historic Working Stress Design Formula, ACI, Prof. Taylor 1907 — Historic WSD Formula, ACI, Prof. Taylor 1907 — Historic formula by F. Turneaure 1907 #1 Turneaure and Maurer 1907 #2 .— Historic Formula by F. — Historic Formula for Ultimate Loads by Turneaure 1907 #3 . 1907 #4 . Turneaure and Maurer.— Historic Formula by F. — Historic Formula by Turneaure and Maurer. 1907 – #5 . — Turneaure and Maurer. 1907 #6 . — Historic Formula by Charles Whitney. 1921 . the design of axially loaded columns was based on Ultimate Strength. By 1940s. . 1921 The first modification of the elastic Working Stress method resulted from the study of axially loaded columns in the early 1930s.— Historic WSD FormulaCharles Whitney. the 1956 ACI318 code added an appendix permitting Ultimate Strength Design (USD) as an alternate to Working Stress Design (WSD).85f’c is used with a rectangle of depth a = β1 x. presented a paper emphasizing this fact and showing how a probable stressstrain curve with reasonable accuracy. Whitney ; his image . Charles S. a parabola be replaced with an artificial rectangular stress block. Whitney an american civil engineer graduated from Cornell University in 1915 proposed the use of a rectangular compressive stress distribution to replace that an average stress of 0. The 1963 ACI318 Code gave both methods equal standing.— Charles S. — Charles S. Whitney Rectangular Stress Block In the 1930s. determine so that a/2 = k x. In 1942 Charles S. Whitney stress block “a” and “c” With the rectangular stress block simplification. . — Strength Design Stress — Flexure Formula. Beam Design — Beam Analysis 1 . — Beam Analysis 2 . however. reinforced concrete design has been continuously studied for one hundred fifty (150) years and/or one and one half century already since it was invented by Joseph Monier in 1849 and patented in 1867. my viewpoint. circa 1997 and reapproved 2004; . six (6) volumes. American Concrete Institute ACI DESIGN HANDBOOK. Hence. American Concrete Institute (ACI) Manual of Concrete Practice. It is ridiculous to say that working and drafting proposed projects in short period of time would suffice them to pretend they know the processes. Special Publication (SP17). The man in charge should be an engineer. reinforced concrete design practice has made the transition from that based on elastic methods to the one based on strength. If the manager. does not know something about THEORY of DESIGN. 2004 and 2008; 2. Therefore.— Beam Analysis3 Since the mid1950s. methods of design. References – All Books below are on the Shelves of my Private/Personal Library for additional sources of information: 1. then the owner is taking a great chances. Jones 1913; 10. N. 3rd edition 1919; 28. Andrews 1908; 27. Reinforced Concrete in Europe by Albert L. 1st edition1915. 2nd edition 1929; 24. W. Twelvetrees 1905; 13. 3rd edition 1919; 19. Elementary Reinforced Concrete Building Design by Leonard C. Reinforced Concrete Design. Reinforced Concrete Design. Urquhart 1915; 22. 2nd edition 1917; 26. G. 2nd edition 1920; 23. Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete 1963; 6. Taylor Sanford Thompson. Warren 1906; 25. 2005. N. Bowie 1st edition1912. D. Concrete Engineer’s Handbook by George Hool 1918; 11.888 pages. ConcreteSteel by W. Goodrich. member ASCE. 1st edition 1907. Reinforced Concrete by Charles F. Hill 1904; 30. Turner and Henry Eddy. Principles of Reinforced Concrete by Frederick E. Colby. 2nd edition 1914. Hool. volume 1Theory. Cyclopedia of Civil Engineering American Technical School. Concrete and Reinforced Concrete by Walter Loring Webb and W. Engineers Pocketbook of Reinforced Concrete by E. 1. Cassell’s Reinforced Concrete by Bernard E. Handbook of Cost and Data for Contractors and Engineers by Halbert P. Turneaure and Edward R. G. Cyclopedia of Construction (Radford’s) – (Carpentry. Concrete and Reinforced Concrete by W. 3rd edition 1909; 18. 2nd edition 1909. volumes 1 to 12 1909; 9. 8 Volumes 1908; 8. 2nd edition 1912. Gillette. Plain and Reinforced Concrete Arches by Josef Melan. Building and Architecture. Herbert Gibson 1919; 17. volume 2Practice. Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete 1977; 5. Brooks 1911; 33. Concrete Designers Manual by Charles Whitney and George Hool 1921; 12. N. ConcreteSteel Construction by C. Experimental Research on Reinforced Concrete by Armand Considere 1903; 21. 2nd edition1919; 34. by Oscar Faber and P. Practical Reinforced Concrete Standards by Hiram B. based on the practical experience of a large staff of experts in actual construction works). S. by Oscar Faber and P.3. Emil Morsch and translated by E. Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete 2002. 1st edition 1909. Marsh 1904; 29. Reinforced Concrete by John P. 1st edition 1905. Handbook of Building Construction volumes 1 and 2. by George A. Twelvetrees 1922; 15. Concrete Steel Buildings by W. Twelvetrees 1905; 14. Maurer. 2008; 4. Lee Heidenreich 1908; 20. A. ConcreteSteel Construction by Prof. Concrete and Reinforced Concrete Construction by Homer Reid 1907 and 1908; 16. Handbook on Reinforced Concrete by F. A Treatise on Concrete Plain and Reinforced by Frederick W. 3rd edition 1916; 7. 1909; 31. Bowie . Reinforced Concrete by A. Reinforced Concrete by Frederick Rings 1910; 32. P. Buel and C. A. Design of Concrete Structures by Arthur H. Johnson. 4th edition by Joseph E. by F. 4th edition1907; 53. Design of Reinforced Concrete by Jack C. Johnson’s Materials of Construction by John B. Breen. Matthews 1911 and 1920; 40. 12th edition 1997 59.E. Reinforced Concrete Wall Footings and Column Footings. J. Talbot 1913; 50. Hool 1912; 37. Book 2. Westergaard and W. Reinforced Concrete for Buildings by Ernest L. 2nd edition. Reinforced Concrete Construction BRIDGES and CULVERTS. Nilson. Salmon 6th edition1997; 61. Reinforced Concrete Fundamentals by P. Ferguson. volume 3. 1908; 36. volume 17 by H. Bul. Hool 1916; 39. Slater 1912; 49.64 1913; 48. Test of Reinforced Concrete Beams by Arthur Talbot. 2nd edition 1987; 60. Ransome and Alexis Saurbrey 1912; 41. Bulletin No. Nilson. K. . Bul. Turneaure. 1st edition. Foundation Analysis and Design. No. Simpson 1913; 55. M. A. 3rd edition 1947; 56. Reinforced Concrete Design by C. Reinforced Concrete and Construction by Henry Adams and Ernest R. J. Bowles 1988. M. Bulletin No. by George A.O. Test of Reinforced Concrete Columns by Arthut Talbot and Arthur A. Kahn System of Reinforced Concrete by Trussed Concrete Steel Company 5th edition 1913; 52. Manual of Structural Design by Jack Singleton. 2 and 3. by Edward Godfrey 1913; 45. Building Design and Construction Handbook by Frederick S. Wang and Charles G. Hool 1913; 38. Ricketts. No. Book 3. Withey.67. Structural Engineering Steel Designing. 3rd edition 1993; 57. Aston 5th edition1919 54. 5th edition 1988; 58. Lord. Slater 1921; 51. Merritt and Jonathan t. by George A. Steel and Reinforced Concrete in building by Edward Godfrey 1911; 43. by Edward Godfrey 1908; 44. M. Test of Reinforced Concrete Buildings under load by Arthur Talbot and W. Reinforced Concrete Construction Retaining Walls and BUILDINGS. Design of Prestressed Concrete by Arthur H.1920; 35. 3rd edition. McCormac. Reinforced Concrete Construction Fundamental Principles. 56 1912; 47. 6th edition 2002; 62. by Arthur N. History of Architectural Developmentvolume 1. Johnson’s Materials of Construction by F. 11904; 46. Mechanics of Building Construction by Henry Adams 1912; 42. Jirsa. volume 2. A. Structural Engineering Concrete. Moments and Stresses Proceedings of the American Concrete Institute. Test of Reinforced Concrete Flat Slab Structures by Arthur Talbot and W. by George A. Slater. volume 1. Reinforced Concrete A Manual of Practice by Ernset McCullough. Structurae. Hydraulics. so most of the time given to me by God. and my passion for structural engineering. Soil Mechanics; 9. History of concrete. Structural Analysis. Historic Civil Engineering Landmarks. timber design; 4. I used to study and to research the history of this interesting major major subjects (venus raj expression miss universe 4th runner up) in civil engineering. I have collected and acquired many books. Having a lot of experiences in life. Luzon Philippines Earthquake. Great Pyramid of Giza. Structural engineering. I was challenged to research and study continuously particularly structural engineering. 8. structural steel design; 3.en. WaterHistoryqanat. structural reinforced concrete design; 2. Marcus Vitruvius. Ransome. Engineer’s outlook is not responsible their contents nor endorses it. Fortunately. 1. I focused my sight to delve into many books for Structural Analysis and Design calculations. mechanics of materials; 6.Relevant Web Sites: the following external links open in new window. History of Concrete and cement. Differential and Integral CALCULUS; 11. engineering mechanics; 5. Trigonometry; 13. theory of structures; 7. Vitruvius | 6 Replies HARDY CROSS METHOD Structural Analysis Posted on October 5. Posted in Engineering. Analytic Geometry; 12. Vitruvius Book6. Charles Whitney. SH A R E TH IS: Share 14 Tweet Share 1 1 Like 2 bloggers like this. Professor Hardy Cross. Reinforced Concrete | Tagged Ernest L. Bridgehunter. Reinforced Concrete. Foundation Design; 10. Reinforced Concrete analysis. Joseph Monier. Algebra. Philippine Earthquake and tsunami. Vituvius 46 30BC. design . 2011 My passion for Structural Engineering. ; ACI 2008 MANUAL OF CONCRETE PRACTICE .D. Detailing Manual. ACI 2008 Manual of Concrete Practice. 6. ACI 2004 edition. Numerous Historic books for Reinforced Concrete and Structural Analysis. National Structural Code of the Philippines 2001 edition volume 1 and 2.D. American Steel Construction manual 13th edition. British Steel Designer’s Manual 6th edition. Mechanics of Engineering dated circa 1750 A. 7. namely; 1. 8. 4.codes for civil engineers valued in US Dollars. etc. ACI Design handbook 2004. 2. to 1930 A. 5. ACI 318 Building Code Requirements for Structural concrete 2011 edition. 9. ASCE 7 StandardsMinimum Design Loads for Buildings and other Vertical Structures. 3. the CLEAN. the SCRUFFY. so is there. this friend of mine is not really a recognized Structural Engineer by Profession Regulation Commission or by Philippine Institute of Civil Engineers (PICE).ACI 2008 MANUAL OF CONCRETE PRACTICE Actually. since 1995. through social networking I had learned to develop Spreadsheets for my analysis and design since 2006 up to present. I doubted the method of calculations he used. but he is just a practicing engineer; Fabs. through social networking I have acquired computer software. Further. As much as there are differences in people’s character. In my eagerness to acquire more knowledge. Also. indeed he show off himself to be all knowing and criticized me about my design of the CFIC building for using a 50 psf dormitory dwelling and not good in design. I focused my mind and sight to study and research the structural analysis and design calculation methods to make works easier for civil / structural engineers and structural designers. because he uses the balance condition of the concrete column designs. to mention. and adopted their procedures. the NONCHALANT and the BRILLIANT ones. I can’t fathom his way of design. he used to design simple buildings. I had met a lot of people with different characters and personalities. in my viewpoint this method is erroneous! It should be the actual condition of the structural members; I have a Hard Copy of his Design Calculations. the DEFENSIVE ones. Microsoft Excel Spreadsheets software for design. the INCOMPLETE. in their works and calculations. I started collecting books and studied most of the time if no projects to be supervised. e. he constructed some buildings in catarman town. So.g. I am self taught in Microsoft Excel and had developed frames . methodology and style with some modification to suit my satisfaction and method of analysis. I have a friend whose expertise is structural analysis and design computations and construction. I have acquired knowledge and become Structural design engineer. my friend Redeem Legaspi a software programmer who developed steelpro program. SAP2000. practice solving for building frames/beams and bridge structures. they are all considered structural engineer. He published the method in the proceedings of the American Society of Civil Engineers in May 1930 after having taught the subject to his students at the University of Illinois since 1924. 4. like for instance professor Besavilla who authored reviewer books. Henceforth. MSExcel Spreadsheets software. ETABS. Hardy Cross HARDY CROSS method (innovation) is the best method (for me) for Structural Analysis and Design Calculation. STAAD software. 2. in my indepth study and research. — Prof. namely; 1. Accordingly. I prefer to use the method developed by Professor Hardy Cross the Moment Distribution. His Paper began a new era in the Analysis of Statically indeterminate frames and gave added impetus to their use. In my more than 22 years of experience as practicing engineer with continuous research.and beams analysis. concrete beams. and also Gillesania also authored reviewer books. continuous beams and simple beams and or vertical structures. developed by Professor Hardy Cross in 1924. I used to think that being a practicing engineer for almost two decades. . I surmise myself as a Structural design engineer already. SAFE design software. 3. I had learned various methods for Structural Analysis in ‘Hand’ or conventional method with the aid of calculator and also using computer software. study. PCA software. This method can be used in complex building frames. concrete columns. footings in metric versions. as structural design engineer and specialist. Generally. computers software used is developed from the matrixanalysis procedures. however. Computers are extremely efficient for solving the simultaneous equations that are generated by other methods of analysis. I developed a spreadsheet for Continuous Span Frame Analysis using Hardy Cross method: — — Distribution factor formula FBD of a beam subjected to Uniformly loaded at distance L .Formula: Uniformly Distributed Load: M = W(L^2)/12 for fixed end moment Concentrated Load or Point Load: M = Pa(b^2)/L^2 fixed end moment M = Pb(a^2)/L^2 fixed end moment Prof. Since the 1960s. C. Reference: J. there has been an ever increasing use of computers for the analysis of all types of structures.. Structural Analysis. Hardy Cross method was a popular method and was used for the Analysis of Continuous Beams and Frames and in Structural Engineering as a “Hand Calculations method and/or Conventional Calculations method” from 1930 until 1960.E. McCormac. S. — FBD of a Beam Segment — Frame diagram for moment distribution — Moment Distribution screen shot of my MS Spreadsheet . any of their contents the engineersoutlook is not responsible nor endorses it. SH A R E TH IS: Share 0 Tweet Share 0 Like Be the first to like this. Hardy Cross. Matrix calculations. Structural Analysis.— Shear Diagram screen shot of MS excel Spreadsheet I developed — Moment Diagramscreen shot of MS Excel spreadsheets I have I developed Relevant Web Sites: This external links open a new window. Posted in Engineering | Tagged Greed of Money. Structural engineering | 3 Replies . Reinforced Concrete. Microsoft excel Spreadsheet. Hardy Cross School. Professor Hardy Cross.