ReidBar Design Guide 2008_R

REINFORCINGSOLUTIONS ™ REIDBAR DESIGN GUIDE R E I N F O R C I N G • P R E C A S T • T I L T - U P contents 1. Introduction 3 2. Application Examples 4-5 3. Reinforcing 6-17 3.1 Features and Benefits 3.2 ReidBar™ Specifications and Sizes 3.3 Anchoring in Concrete 3.4 Starter Bar Systems 3.5 Performance Comparisons 3.6 ReidBar™ Components 3.7 Typical Construction Details 6 7 8 10 11 12 14 4. Formwork 18-20 4.1 Features and Benefits 4.2 Specifications and Working Loads 4.3 Typical Construction Details 4.4 Design Example 18 19 19 20 5. Soil and Rock Anchoring 21-23 5.1 Features and Benefits 5.2 Specifications and Working Loads 5.3 Anchorage with Cement Grout 21 22 22 6. Bracing and Tie Down 24-29 6.1 ReidBrace™ Bracing and Tie System 6.2 ReidBar™ for Wind Bracing 6.3 Tie Down Bars 6.4 ReidBrace™ System 6.5 Notes for Designers 6.6 Product Specifications 24 25 26 27 27 28 7. Corrosion of ReidBar™ 30-32 7.1 What is it? 7.2 Corrosion Protection of Grade 500 ReidBar™ 7.3 Two protection alternatives for ReidBar™ 7.4 Measuring the effectiveness of a corrosion protection system 8. Welding 33-35 8.1 Features and Benefits 8.2 Welding of Grade 500 ReidBar™ (Australia) 8.3 Procedures for Specific Welds 9. Frequently Asked Questions 2 30 30 31 32 33 34 35 36-39 reid™ - 1300 780 250 Introduction 1 ReidBar™ Systems are revolutionising construction ReidBar™ is a reinforcing bar that can be cut at any point along its length and screwed into one of a number of threaded components. This unique feature enables an entirely new approach to reinforcement placing and fixing. ReidBar™ threaded reinforcing provides simple solutions for construction problems, reducing both labour and material costs. RB12 threaded inserts anchoring starter bars at a new water treatment facility. RB25 couplers providing anchorage for wall steel between columns. Using ReidBar™ grouters and couplers each floor of this building took only three days to construct. This grouting method provides continuity in reinforcement. Structural connections using RB32 couplers in bridge construction. for technical data go to - WWW.REID.COM.AU 3 2 Application Examples More detail on ReidBar™ components can be found on product specific technical datasheets available from Reid™. They can also be downloaded from www.reid.com.au. Reinforcing Cathodic Protection & Earthing ReidBar™ can be used for grounding of lightning strikes and cathodic protection from stray electric currents. ReidBar™ Grouters ReidBar™ Inserts A grouted method of providing a continuous connection for ReidBar™ in precast panels and structural elements. A screw-in method of connecting starter bars for stronger structural connections between panels. Rock & Soil Support Soil Nails/Anchors Used to provide soil stabilisation in earthwork construction. Couplers A threaded method of providing continuity in reinforcement. Rockbolts – Mining Used for rock stabilisation in mining and civil construction. Bridge Strengthening Retrofit 4 reid™ - 1300 780 250 2 Application Examples Bracing Fastening Can be used to provide bracing and stabilising of any structure. Hold Down Bolts Earthquake bracing Fastening of structural elements using the ReidBar threaded nut systems.WWW.AU 5 .REID.COM. ™ Tie backs for retaining walls for technical data go to . Ideal retrofit to improve the seismic performance of existing structures. then simply joined end to end by a coupler. • Eliminates cast-in starter bars to simplify transport and handling.1 Features and Benefits • A continuously threaded. • Increases productivity on site.1300 780 250 . Retaining walls constructed from the top down. laps. • Ultimate strength development is possible with short embedment depths. hot rolled. cogs. Ductility can be guaranteed at all column/beam/slab joints. This unique feature enables an entirely new approach to reinforcement placing and fixing. eliminated in heavily reinforced areas. • Conforms to recognised Industry Standards. “Bridge to Nowhere” . 6 reid™ .precast bridge can be bolted together with virtually no ‘on site’ concrete.3 Reinforcing 3. • Economical to splice at any point along the bar without specialised splicing equipment. • Offcuts have many other uses and the ability to join shorter lengths reduces wastage. • Full range of threaded fittings for joining. • Suitable for very thin concrete sections. • Reduces bar congestion problems. • Provides simple solutions for construction problems. such as wall panels. • Improved structural integrity. anchoring and terminating. reducing both labour and material costs. • Simplifies the detailing and fixing of rebar. • Easy to provide anchorage for starter bars for in-situ concrete pours. • Eliminates the need to drill holes in formwork and shutters for starter bars. Grade 500 reinforcing bar that can be cut at any point along its length. Reinforcing 3 3. The bars are hot rolled with the deformations forming a continuous right hand thread.2 Mass Nom Min Hole Dia. With exception of formwork fittings and some RBRACE fittings all construction system fittings develop the breaking strength of ReidBar™.5 265. Typical Characteristics Stress (MPa) 800 600 400 200 0.0 434.0 500 100.8 67.47 804 38 RB32 AS/NZS4671 defines the characteristic value as that value which has a 95% probability that it will not be lower than 95% of the minimum listed value.5 61.91 113 15 RB12 1.4 269. Char Max = Characteristic Maximum.53 314 24 RBA20 3. to (kg/m) Area (mm2) Pass Bar (mm) Part No 0.5 500 157.9 16. ReidBar™ is part of a proprietary system using a range of fittings to simplify reinforcement detailing. RBA16 to RB32 ReidBar™ is manufactured in Australia using the TEMPCORE process.95 491 29 RB25 6.REID. ReidBar™ is manufactured in both New Zealand and Australia and satisfies the requirements of the standard for “Steel Reinforcing Materials.AU 7 .12 0.04 0. and not be higher than 105% above the upper listed value.6 108. Note: In the table above and subsequent tables Char Min = Characteristic Minimum. AS/NZS4671:2001”.2 ReidBar™ Specifications and Sizes Bar Diameter (mm) 12 16 20 25 32 Grade 500E 500N 500N 500N 500N Nom Thread Pitch (mm) 8 9 10 12.WWW.6 500 245.20 Strain for technical data go to .3 105.1 500 402.62 min ult) 37.16 0.2 164.08 0.0 169.2 Min Shear (.62 201 20 RBA16 2.4 Characteristic Values Min Yield Min Yield Min Ultimate Stress (MPa) Strength (kN) Strength (kN) 500 56.COM. RB12 ReidBar™ is manufactured in New Zealand and is micro alloyed. 500E grade. Youngs modulus (E) is nominally 200GPa. Hooked or bent Grade 500 rebars require an embedment depth of approximately 15 bar diameters if they are to meet concrete design standards and are to be fully effective as flexural reinforcement. This is especially true with the current trend towards increasingly slimmer wall panels where the provision of an effective DETAIL 1 base anchorage for cantilever action is still required.5db 8 db reid™ . Although bent bars are still widely used for this function it is not always possible to meet code requirements for minimum anchorage length in thin panels.3 Reinforcing 3. Detail 1a Ldh Ldh = approx 15db Ldh<15db Standard 90° or 180° hook Local crushing Bar Slip Standard 90° or 180° hook Common star ter detail in a thin panel wher e embedment lengths may not meet code requirements.3 Anchoring in Concrete ReidBar™ Inserts overcome the under strength and slip deflection problems caused by using bent bars or hooked bars.1300 780 250 he . This is often not possible in thin structural panels. ≥ 30 mm Threaded Insert effective depth he. Concrete design codes specify that a minimum length from the back of the bend to the critical surface is to be 15db in order to be fully effective as flexural reinforcement. Apart from requiring significantly less embedment to develop the full capacity of the reinforcing bar. ReidBar™ Inserts effectively remove the issue of localised concrete crushing and bar slip. Research at New Zealand University of Auckland by Maureen Ma in 1999 into Methods of Joining Precast Concrete components to form Structural Walls highlighted the performance of Reid™ Inserts compared to that of conventional hooked bar construction. As designers and constructors become more familiar with the use of tilt-up and precast methods normal conservatism can be pushed to the limit. ldh he 1. This results in greater allowable loads (ie: less reduction) than for isolated tensile anchorages.82 1.64 0. Edge distance effect. ReidBar™ Inserts are developed to provide sufficient embedment to develop the full breaking strength of the bar in 32MPa concrete.REID.0 108. This results in greater allowable loads (ie: less reduction) than for isolated tensile anchorages. The depth of the anchor.00 5.WWW. For further information on the ReidBar™ system for Slab to Wall connections. Insert Type Spacing (mm) RB12 RBA16 RBA20 RB25 100 0.1 434.44 75 0. 3.COM. Xna for reduced bar centres in moment connections to be applied to ultimate concrete capacities in table at top of page. A / Gonzales. W Innovative Testing Procedures for a High-Performance. M / Wheeler.3 105. tension.00 RB32 0. Reduction factors. (All values derived through extensive testing in unreinforced concrete) For applicable strength reduction factors.2 * Nailing Plate currently not available for 32mm.4 269.00 150 RB25 0.2 37.AU 9 .00 1.64 0.8 67.48 0.66 0.0 245.56 0.6 157. Concrete Institute of Australia. 4.32 0. 2.34 150 0. or for isolated tensile anchorages please refer application to Reid™. the tensile concrete cone anchorage is assisted by the adjacent and complementary zone of compressive confinement. Xne for reduced bar centres in moment connections to be applied to ultimate concrete capacities in table at top of page.5 169.32 0. Correctly designed headed anchorages will always outperform hooked bars with the same effective depth.82 0.6 265.66 100 1.00 RB32 0.52 200 1.86 300 1.96 0. the tensile concrete cone anchorage is assisted by the adjacent and complementary zone of compressive confinement. Proceedings Concrete 05.34 0. tension.44 0.00 For a combination of factors simply multiply together For connections in straight tension. Depth.86 1.2 164.88 0.0 61.00 0.70 0. Edge Distance Effects The design strength of the concrete anchoring system is dependent on many factors. Reduction factors.70 250 1. 2005 for technical data go to .5 100. The shape of the anchor foot. please refer to AS3600. Anchor spacing effect. The five most critical are: 1.00 0.5 402.52 0.00 0. hef mm (inc 8mm nailing plate) • Core wall / stair landings Insert Ultimate Steel Tensile Capacity Nus (kN) 108 126 156 199 210* >79 >141 >219 >343 >562 • Slab / slab Ultimate Concrete Capacity.82 1. Pre-formed Mechanical Connection System between Concrete Slabs and Walls. Xna In moment resisting connections.48 0. please refer to: Patrick.00 1. The compressive strength of the concrete. Nuc (kN) 32MPa 40MPa 50MPa 107 157 234 379 469 124 182 272 440 544 144 211 315 510 632 ReidBar™ Mechanical Properties Min Yield Min Ultimate Min Shear Fsy (kN) Fsu (kN) Vsu (kN) 56.66 0. ReidBar™ inserts provide a fully effective anchorage unlike hooked bar with the same embedment depth.Reinforcing 3. Xne In moment resisting connections. A / Marsden.82 0. Insert Type Edge Distance (mm) RB12 RBA16 RBA20 50 0.56 0.66 0.88 125 1.96 0.3 Anchoring in Concrete 3 (continued) Performance of ReidBar™ Inserts used for positive connections for: • Wall / floor Insert RB12TI RBA16TI RBA20TI RB25TI RB32TI • Core wall / shear wall joints Embedment. 3 201 31. Nailing Plates and Antenna Caps.1300 780 250 . The system comprises ReidBar™ Threaded Inserts.5 25.3 Reinforcing 3.1 125. floor slabs and insitu suspended floors. stability. • System components are purpose designed and offer speed of set up and installation either in the precast yard or on site.2 N16 RBA16 500 500 M12 RB16 84. RBA16 and RBA20 diameters – off the shelf.3 80. specially designed Placement Chairs.5 17. price effectiveness and ease of operation that you just don’t get with standard NBar starter bars.5 196.6 100. ReidBar™ Starter Bars. • Thread diameter is true to size – not a N20 bar with a thread turned down to 16mm.8 56.4 • Available in RB12.7 N24 RB25 500 500 M20 RB25 245 491 91.9 245.5 73.1 21. Metric Stressed Area fsy Limit state strength Thread (mm2) (kN) ø fsy (kN) System Components Placement Chair (Suits 125mm to 200mm panels) 10 Antenna Cap ReidBar™ Insert Nailing Plate Starter Bar reid™ . ReidBar™ starter bar systems offer strength. ReidBar Starter Bars vs N-bar Starter Bars ™ Bar Size Grade MPa N12 RB12 500 500 M10 RB12 58 113.9 157. Whatever the method used. • Coarse thread on the bar resists damage and minimises foreign materials blocking the threads of the cast-in ReidBar™ insert.1 47. Features: The versatility of the system allows the contractor to set up the ReidBar™ Inserts prior to the panel being poured or to ‘puddle them in’ before the panel is floated off. Comparison Table • Non standard lengths are easily catered for as starter bars are cut from standard 6 or 12 metre lengths of threaded reinforcing bar.4 45.4 Starter Bar Systems ReidBar™ starter bar systems have been developed to provide full strength and positive connections between precast concrete panels.4 N20 RBA20 500 500 M16 RB20 157 314 58. • Coarse thread results in speed of application when screwing the Insert and starter together. 150 – + 120 LOAD 1000 RB12@300 1400 Wall Panel RB12@150 50 Applied Load vs Displacement at the Load Point RB12 INSERTS 150 RB12 70 270 Interface left by Steel Cone RB12 Inserts 150 LOAD + 120 – RB12@150 RB12 @ 300 1400 1000 Wall Panel Base Block 70 RB12@300 150 70 300 Hook Bar Applied Load vs Displacement at the Load Point RB12 BENT STARTERS for technical data go to .REID.WWW.AU 11 .5 Performance Comparisons Compare the performance of a ReidBar™ Anchorage Tests carried out at Auckland University show that a cantilevered wall connection using ReidBar™ anchored with ReidBar™ Inserts will significantly out perform the common hooked bar detail in thin panels.COM.Reinforcing 3 3. 5 RB25SB 402. Char.3 Reinforcing 3.1300 780 250 Part No 25 RB12N 34 RBA16N 42 RBA20N* 53 RB25N 63. (B) (C) Threaded Cross Strength Body Dia. Strength Length Hex A/F Hex A/C (kN) (mm) (mm) (mm) >79 >141 >220 >344 >563 90 102 116 180 210 25 30 36 45 57 29 34 42 52 66 Body Thread OD Depth (mm) (mm) 22 30 33 43 55 Part No 43 RB12C 47 RBA16C 55 RBA20C 87 RB25C 102 RB32C Also available galvanised. Depth Hole Dia.5 RB12RI 14. 12 Char.6 RBA16SB 157. Depth (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) Part No 22 100 38 53 RB12TI 30 118 50 47 RBA16TI 35 148 64 60 RBA20TI 43 191 80 78 RB25TI 55 210 101 102 RB32TI Also available galvanised. Length Foot Dia. Thread Strength Length Hex A/F Hex A/C Length Suits (kN) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) Part No RB12 / M16 >79 90 25 29 40 RB12M16C RBA16 / M20 >141 102 30 34 45 RBA16M20C Also available galvanised. ReidBar™ Nut ReidBar™ Rebate Inserts™ B A C Suits Designed to be used in thin walled panels and panels with rebates.0 RBA20SB 245. Includes a cross hole to suit N12 bar. Suits (A) Char. Note: Designed to be used with minimum 25mm rebate to achieve full bar break connection. Length Foot Dia.5 RB12SB 100. Grade 500N bar to AS4671 Bar Type Length (mm) RB12 540 RBA16 660 RBA20 850 RB25 1150 RB32 1450 Min Yield (kN) Part No 56. B ReidBar™ To Metric Coupler™ A C Char.5 RBA16RI reid™ . *Note: RBA20N is machined and will develop the yield of the bar.5 RB32N Also available galvanised. where standard ReidBar™ Inserts will not fit. (mm) (kN) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) RB12 >79 RBA16 >141 22 30 78 96 39 51 53 47 Part No RB12 RBA16 RBA20 RB25 RB32 Length (mm) Hex A/F (mm) >79 >141 >157 >343 >563 40 45 45 65 82 25 30 36 46 55 Hex A/C (mm) 14.0 RB32SB Suits RB12 RBA16 RBA20 RB25 RB32 ReidBar™ Insert Char. Strength Suits (kN) RB12 >79 RBA16 >141 RBA20 >220 RB25 >344 RB32 >563 (A) (B) (C) Threaded Body Dia. Strength (kN) .6 ReidBar™ Components ReidBar™ Starters ReidBar™ Coupler Pre-cut bar connections for fast full strength reinforcing. REID.COM.AU 13 .WWW. OD Vol (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (ml) (mm) (mm) (mm) Part No 200 45 28-40 58-46 200 110 240 47 32 50 200 140 290 55 40 60 350 174 360 78 48 70 550 234 445 109 55 75 746 280 150 190 224 274 320 21 RB12GS 21 RBA16GS 21 RBA20GS 21 RB25GS 26 RB32GS ReidBar™ Grouter Setting Hardware Suits RB12 RBA16 RBA20 RB25 Overall Diameter Indent Thickness (mm) Part No 59mm 59mm 59mm 59mm 8 8 8 8 NP12RB NP16RB NP20RB NP25RB ReidBar™ Insert Chair Suits Thread Length (mm) RB12 RB16 RB20 RB25 RB32 Thread Diameter 80 80 80 80 80 Rubber Plug OD (mm) Part No M8 48 . for technical data go to .3 x 14 high BPLATE20100G 50 OD x 24 ID x 18 thick RBA20SWG 150 x 150 x 10 x 24 high BPLATE32150G 70 OD x 37 ID x 24 thick RB32SWG Available galvanised only.6 ReidBar™ Components (continued) ReidBar™ Grouter ReidBar™ Wing Nut Grout Tube Holes ReidBar Suits Hex AF RB12 RBA16 Bar Embedment Depth Grout Sleeve Deformed Bar Suits RB12 RBA16 RBA20 RB25 RB32 Height (mm) 22 30 Overall Dia.3 reinforcing 3.36 RB12GSSET M8 32 also fits RB32C RB16GSSET M8 40 RB20GSSET M8 48 RB25GSSET M8 55 RB32GSSET Suits Panel Thickness (mm) Part No 125 . (mm) 40 51 Part No 58 RB12WN 98 RBA16WN Nail Plate Bar Non Grout Overall Thread Body Body Grout Embedment Hole Length Depth ID Min Max Dia.200 tichair ReidBar Domed Base Plates & Spherical Washers ™ Suits RBA16 / RBA20 Description Base Plate Spherical Washer Base Plate RB25 / RB32 Spherical Washer Dimensions (mm) Part No 100 x 100 x 6. 7 Typical Construction Details Typical cantilevered footing detail Domestic basement wall . Swiftshims Polystyrene block cast in to form cavity Reinforced continous footing Common retaining wall footing Strip foundation in unstable ground RB12N and washer DPC 2/RB12 bars RB12 at 600mm centres (typical) Reidbar™ Coupler Cavity filled with min 17. Refer to your Reid™ Engineering Team Cantilevered party wall .5 MPa block mix NP12RB to support threaded insert (until concrete cures) RB12TI at 600mm centres 14 Current pour Previous pour reid™ .5 MPa block mix Header block NP12RB to support threaded insert (until concrete cures) RB12TI at 600mm centres Wall may be dry stacked and post tensioned with ReidBar™.Using masonry construction RB12N and washer Timber bottom plate DPC Masonry Block HD PVC tube around bar if wanting to screw in verticals after laying blocks Typically RB12 at 600mm centres Cavity filled with 17.'MOCK' 40x15 plastic fillet to form shear r ebate.1300 780 250 Reidbar™ .3 reinforcing 3.Footing detail Cut out temporary concrete topping and remove polystrene. Cast in Tilt Panel with non shrink grout 30 temporary topping 300 Metric Thread Inser ts and M12 bolts at 600 or use alternative shear key of 2F A170 swiftlift anchor or Reid Mock Joint . provided this does not cause handling problems.Single Row Typical slab to insitu wall detail . Nail plates WILL NOT support foot traffic. Please contact Reid™ for more information.7 Typical Construction Details Anchorage for column starters (continued) Pre-cast column elements These column starters are temporarily terminated at floor level to provide a flat obstruction-free floor for use as a precasting bed.3 reinforcing 3.Double Row ‘L” mm ReidBar™ RB _ TI at ‘S’ CTRS.) Fill grout sleeves with recommended grout before placing ReidBar™ Grout Sleeve Threaded insert to edge of precast panel Timber Liner Fillet Strip ReidBar™ Threaded Insert Strip foundation in unstable ground Fillet Strip ReidBar™ Coupler ReidBar™ Plastic plug Steel panel mould Steel panel mould ReidBar™ Nail Plate.‘L’ starter bars at ‘S’ mm CTRS to suit ReidBar™ Insert ReidBar™ RB _ . If required. ReidBar™ Coupler Thread in prior to joining on site.REID.AU 15 . for technical data go to . Screw through mould into nail plate ReidBar™ Nail Plate Screw or nail to timber liner or directly to mould Always ensure that the coupler is firmly screwed onto nail plate. Support the bar close to the coupler. set Insert into rebate to maintain min cover ‘L” mm ReidBar™ RB _ TI at ‘S’ CTRS. Typical slab to insitu wall detail .‘L’ starter bars at ‘S’ mm CTRS to suit ReidBar™ Insert Reid™ offers various rebate solutions to fix and locate Inserts to suit all construction methods.WWW. (Alternatively. Rebate. the vertical bars could extend through the column base and into the grout sleeve. mm ReidBar™ RB _ SB .COM. provided this does not cause handling problems) ReidBar™ Grout Sleeve ReidBar™ 16 reid™ . Support the bar close to the grout sleeve.3 reinforcing 3. Support the bar close to the grout sleeve. Horizontal structural joint for two precast panels Horizontal structural joint for rebated precast panels ReidBar™ ReidBar™ Grout tubes ReidBar™ Coupler ReidBar™ Grout Sleeve Flood joint with approved grout INSIDE FACE Flood joint with approved grout ReidBar™ Screw starter bars into coupling before lowering into position (Alternatively.7 Typical Construction Details (continued) Grout sleeve to edge of precast panel Plastic plug (Grout tubes optional) ReidBar™ Grout Sleeve Steel panel mould Grout sleeve setting hardware ReidBar™ Setting Hardware WILL NOT support foot traffic.1300 780 250 ReidBar™ . Grout sleeve to edge of rebated precast panel ReidBar™ Grout Sleeve Rigid PVC tube Steel panel mould Grout sleeve setting hardware ReidBar™ Setting Hardware WILL NOT support foot traffic. vertical bars could extend into the grout sleeve. AU 17 .7 Typical Construction Details Typical Shear Wall Connection 3 (continued) Threaded Insert to Face of Precast Panel NP12RB INFILL POUR Panel 1 Panel 2 R6 Hairpins at top and bottom of joint RB12 Headed Stud or Insert RB12TI IN 125 PANEL RB12 Coupler NP16RB RB12 Bars alongside heads of studs Tests on the arrangement detailed have shown that Reid™ headed studs will transfer the shear stress across a joint better than conventional hairpins of an equivalent steel area. seal inner end with a stiff high-strength mortar and fill with approved grout for technical data go to .COM.WWW.REID.reinforcing 3. RBA20TI IN 200 PANEL Joining ReidBar™ to Deformed Bar Deformed bar Flood joint with approved grout ReidBar™ Grout Sleeve ReidBar™ Support sleeve. RBA16TI IN 150 PANEL NP20RB Small hairpins at the upper and lower ends of the joint add to the confinement and help to control local deformation at ultimate loads. 1300 780 250 . • May be tensioned. reusable and recoverable. • A complete range of fittings available for all applications. Waste is eliminated. • Makes an ideal anchor for jump forms without the risk of unexpected shear failure. • Simple to install. • Robust thread is resistant to damage.4 formwork 4. • Standard stock lengths may be stored and cut to suit the application.1 Features and Benefits • ReidBar™ is ductile and can accept not only tensile loads but also shear loads. • Offcuts can be used for formwork and starter bars. 18 reid™ . • Simple splicing and installation of anchorage components. released and re-tensioned with ease. • Can be cut and spliced at any point along its length. • Reliable mechanical properties. WWW.6 102 63 RBA20 Recoverable form tie rods Securing formwork with threaded insert Timber RB___FC RB___WN RB___ R plate Rigid PVC tube (RVT20) Securing formwork with threaded insert Timber RB___TI RB___WN RB___ R plate for technical data go to . The most commonly specified ReidBar™ systems are assembled from ReidBar™ tie rods.3 Typical Construction Details Working loads for grade 500 ReidBar™ Formwork Systems.6 0.6 108. Australia manufactured bar Bar Dia.5 61 36 22 RB12 500N 100.AU Plastic plug 19 .0 169.62 x 0.4 formwork 4.COM.2 Specifications and Working Loads 4.5 65 40 RBA16 500N 157.REID. removable cones and plastic tube spacers. (mm) 12 16 20 Char Min Char Min Work Load Work Load Yield Ult Tension Shear Min Ult Strength Strength Min Ult x 0.6 Grade (kN) (kN) (kN) (kN) Part No 500E 56. wing nuts. use double 200 x 50 No 2 framing for Walings Check bearing stress under the 100 x 170 ReidBar™ bearer plate = 34.1300 780 250 .649] = 57.5 x 0.0m from the top of the wall Load in ReidBar™ = 14.4kN.4 formwork 4.0m = 18kN/m -> so OK! Conclusion: Use 200 x 50 vertical studs Check load on lower ReidBar™ formwork ties Load in ReidBar™ = 0.0 x 0.3 = 14.24kN Maximum design working load for the RB16 formwork tie = 67.e.45MPa <2.9 = 19.0 x 0..3 = Material co-efficient D = 24 = Weight density – kN/m3 H = 3 = Vertical height form (metres) K = 1.14kPa Waling design Take the lesser value i.5 + 57 = 23.2kN Check ReidBar™ 1. 57.9 = 34.9m = 24kN/m i.5 x 0.0m from the base of the wall Load in ReidBar™ = 38 x 1.17 = 2.082 x 0.732 + 0.0m high wall where ordinary concrete is to be placed at 10°C progressively over a 1 hour period. so OK! 20 reid™ .1kPa Now 20mm construction ply can span 0.5kN 2 Max design load for 200 x 50 Waling over a span of 0.0 = Shape co-efficient C2 = 0.25kN/m Max load on 200 x 50 No.50MPa Check ReidBar™ 1.0 + 0.0√3.92 = Temperature co-efficient (36/(T+16))2 R = 3 = Rate of concrete pour (m3/hr/m) T = 10 = Concrete temperature (°C) Case 1 Pmax = DH = 24 x 3 = 72kPa Case 2 Pmax = D[C1√R + C2K√(H-(C1√R)] = 24[1. 2 frame grade radiata pine spanning 1.3 x 1.25 x 1.92√(3-1.0√3)] = 24[1.2 x 103 0.4 Design Example 3.5kPa Load/per metre = 47.3m at 57 kPa Design load: 38 x 1.5 x 47..5 = 19kN/m Average stress on the vertical stud in the lower bay = 47. where C1 = 1.e.9 x 0. Soil and Rock Anchoring 5 5. • Resists dynamic loads (e. • High shear bond as deformations are designed for shear interlock with concrete or resin.g. • Unlike strand tendons the solid anchors have no constructional losses. • The high ductility and smooth. • Supplied in the hot rolled condition which is effectively stress-free. • Can be cut and spliced at any point along its length. • Offcut bars may be used for all standard concrete reinforcement applications in the construction site whilst small pieces are ideal for formwork. • The rigidity of the anchors makes them easy to install especially in overhead applications. torque wrenches or air operated tools. released and re-tensioned with ease. • Standard stock lengths may be stored and cut to suit the application. • May be tensioned. traffic wheel loads).WWW.e. for technical data go to . • Simplicity in applying the prestress with jacks. • Transmits the anchor forces efficiently to the grout body without additional fittings. starter bars or hangers in underground works.COM.1 Features and Benefits • ReidBar™ has closely defined mechanical properties which provide consistent performance under long term anchor loading. • Rugged thread is resistant to damage. • Preloading to the full working load ensures that the load transmitted to the anchorage medium (rock or soil) is constant i. relatively flat rate of strain hardening ensures a high margin of safety against tensile/shear overload in the case of transverse movements in the rock or soil. • Recoverable anchors may be removed to simplify later excavations.AU 21 . live loads are not transmitted to the anchorage medium.REID. Cement grouts above 0.8 67. ar Diameter B (mm) Grade 12 500E 16 500N 20 500N 25 500N 32 500N Char Yield Stress (MPa) 500 500 500 500 500 Char Min Yield Strength (kN) 56. Among the more important of these is the unit bond stress capacity of the rock/grout interface.1 434.2 Char Min Shear .6 265.62 min Ult (kN) 37.5 100. “The bond and shear characteristics of a cement grout are also determined largely by the water cement ratio.0 Char Min Ult Strength (kN) 61.. The ability of rock to adequately confine the grout column reduces as the anchor length decreases below 1 metre (after Morris and Sharp 1973). Test bores will give a guide to the initial selection but on site proof load tests are always advisable.3 Anchorage with Cement Grout Rock Anchors Rock/Grout Interface Rock anchors have traditionally been grouted with cement grouts.” 22 As a general guide the ultimate bond stress for competent rock can be taken as 10% of uniaxial compressive stress (where the uniaxial compressive strength is above 20MPa and the bond stress is limited to a max of 4. The capacity of the cement grout to both bond to and protect the bar as well as to bond with the substrate is largely dependent on the water cement ratio.0 245. the length of the anchor and the consequences of failure.6 157. We suggest that the bond strength of the first 600mm of the hole depth be ignored unless massive unfractured rock is at the surface.4 will cure with excessive micro porosity and grouts below 0.2 164.3 105.35 could be difficult to pump and may be susceptible to void forming and incomplete wetting of the strata.1300 780 250 .2 Max Tensile Working Load (kN) Part No 39 RB12 70 RBA16 109 RBA20 171 RB25 281 RB32 5.0 108.35 to 0. the unit bond stress capacity of the bar/grout interface.4 (Hyett et al.5 402.2 Specifications and Working Loads Australia Manufactured Bar Mechanical properties and working loads for grade 500 ReidBar™.5 169.4 269. 1992). The ideal water cement ratio lies in the range 0. reid™ .2MPa) (after Littlejohn and Bruce 1977). The ultimate strength of an anchor in sound competent rock is dependent on many factors. The rock/grout interface is subject to so many vagaries that the choice of a suitable bond stress value is often difficult.5 Soil and Rock Anchoring 5. 5 M ReidBar™ Nuts eg. Nom Reid™ Dome Base Plate and Spherical Washer eg.5 Nom . BPLATE 20100 e Metr etres 1. RBA20 Reid™ Lantern Type Bar Centraliser Grout Typical partly grouted active anchor Bond Free th Leng th Leng etres . Alternatively the free length can be sleeved during installation and the anchor grouted up to the surface. 0.AU 23 .REID.WWW. RBA20N ReidBar™ eg. . for technical data go to .COM.Soil and Rock Anchoring 5 Typical fully grouted passive soil nail To position bar centrally in drilled holes a Bar Centraliser is used. This effectively removes the bond over the free length allowing it to preload during the subsequent stressing operation. Nom The free length is commonly grouted after the anchor has been stressed.5 M 1 . ReidBrace™ uses grade 500 ReidBar™ for tendons.6 Bracing and Tie Down 6. • Designed to fit over structural steel flanges to provide double shear connection with grade 8. (Longer ReidBar™ lengths by order. Bracing System Typical applications include: • Wall and roof bracing • Retro fitted seismic bracing • Retaining wall tie backs • Cross ties Features & Benefits • Eliminates expensive threaded rods. Tie System ReidBar TM END Chain Link ReidBrace TM ReidBar TM NUT ReidBar TM Threaded Insert ReidBar TM Deadman or Ground Anchor ReidBar TM Grout Sleeve ReidBar TM Threaded Insert 24 reid™ . • Substantial cost savings in labour and materials.8 steel pin. • All components sold separately.1 ReidBrace™ Bracing and Tie System The ReidBrace™ System provides an economic solution for bracing structures and tie-back applications. tested and certified to exceed the ultimate capacity of the 500 Grade ReidBar™ .1300 780 250 .) • Over length bar can be cut without dismantling the bracing assembly. • Eliminates welding and threading. • Engineered design. ReidBar™ comes in a standard 6 metre length black or galvanised bar and can be joined using standard couplers and locking nuts. 2 ReidBar™ for Wind Bracing ReidBar™ is ideal for use as wind bracing in all types of building construction. Typical detail at rafter connection R=2kN/m W=0. Example: A tilt-up building wall resists lateral wind/seismic loads by means of a cantilevered footing and an in-plane truss at roof level. Because the bar is threaded along its full length it overcomes the problems of having to prefabricate conventional tie bars and site weld anchorage cleats to close tolerances.COM.AU 25 .5kPa R=2kN/m Max load in diagonal tie = (24-6) x 152 + 62 15 = 19.REID.6 Bracing and Tie Down 6.4 kN Use RB12 diagonal tension ties for technical data go to .WWW. • Improves stiffness of wall diaphragms.3 Tie Down Bars ReidBar™ is ideal for tie-down bars for lightweight masonry.1300 780 250 Solid Timber . timber framed or solid timber structures. Designers can simply and economically provide a continuous tie from the building footing to roof truss that can even be post tensioned to improve the structural performance of the wall unit. 12mm ReidBar™ (RB12) greatly simplifies compliance with building code requirements for cyclone tiedowns for all types of building construction. • Reduces deflections in structural elements. steel framed. brick. L Bkt Masonry RB12N RB12 bar Timber Framing RB12TI 26 reid™ . Post tensioning wall ties can provide many advantages: • Reduces flexural tensile stress in masonry walls. • Reduces thermal movement in solid timber construction systems. In extreme wind conditions such as Northern Australia or New Zealand Alpine regions. • Reduces the likelihood of leakage due to shrinkage cracks in concrete or masonry.6 Bracing and Tie Down 6. Noise from this action can be reduced by specifying that a plastic sleeve is wired to one of the braces where they cross and the brace wired together. Lubrication of the bar will increase the tension induced in the bar.REID. Crossing of Braces When the braces are working there is the possibility of the braces rubbing together. the ReidBar™ brace should be installed with a tension such that deflection of the structure under service load reversal does not remove the preload.0 108.0 Min Ultimate 61.6 157. where one brace is in tension and the other is redundant depending on the load direction.Bracing and Tie Down 6 6.6 265. Nut Tension ReidBar™ may be tensioned up to 20% of yield by torquing the ReidBar™ nut on an unlubricated bar.5 Notes for Designers Preload of Brace When used as a diagonal pair of braces.COM.WWW. This will prevent the possibility of the nut vibrating loose should the preload be lost from the brace.4 ReidBrace™ System Size ReidBrace™ ReidBrace™ End ReidBar™ Full Nut ReidBar™ 12mm RBRACE12/16 RBRACE12-END RB12N RB12 16mm RBRACE12/16 RBRACE16-END RB16N RB16 20mm RBRACE20 RBRACE20-END RB20N RB20 25mm RBRACE25/32 RBRACE25-END RB25N RB25 32mm RBRACE25/32 RBRACE32-END RB32N RB32 Characteristic Strength Min Ultimate (kN) 12mm 16mm 20mm 25mm 32mm >109 >109 >181 >430 >430 >61 >109 >157 >265 >430 Min Yield >61 >109 >157 >265 >430 56. (Refer to page 41) for technical data go to .5 169.5 100.5 402.2 6. Locking Nuts It is recommended that a ReidBar™ Nut is used as a locking nut against the RBRACE on the opposite side to the full tensioning nut.AU 27 .0 245.1 434. 6 Product Specifications ReidBrace™ (RBRACE) A W1 W1 B C D2 D1 D3 A B C RB 12/16 & 20 RB 25 & 32 D2 D1 ReidBrace™ Size 12/16 20 H 25/32 A 276 345 436 W2 A B 36 45 68 E C B 58 72 A D1 17 21 31 H D2 25 32 D2 44 C D3 E - - - 19 24 38 H 107 134 H 170 W2 W1 16 21 36 W2 20 25 36 D1 Grade 8.6 Bracing and Tie Down 6.8 Pin C A C D1 D3 D146 ReidBrace™ End (RB-END) 1 H D3 W1 B E D1 H D2 D1 Grade 8.1300 780 250 H 40 50 60 80 88 W1 16 16 21 26 32 - .8 Pin C D3 W1 B E 1 ReidBrace™ End Size 12 16 20 25 32 28 A 145 160 195 247 265 B 32 36 45 50 62 C 50 55 60 80 85 D1 17 17 21 31 31 D2 - 30 35 43 55 Pin Ø 16 16 20 30 30 E 50 67 88 108 120 reid™ . Bracing and Tie Down 6.AU 29 .6 Product Specifications 6 (continued) Minimum Angle of Bracing to Fixture D = 1.COM.REID.5x pin diameter in mm Bar size (mm) D (mm) Brace Min angle A˚ End Min angle A˚ 12 24 Rbrace12/16 30 Rbrace12-end 32 16 24 Rbrace12/16 30 Rbrace16-end 30 20 30 Rbrace20 32 Rbrace20-end 30 25 48 Rbrace25/32 34 Rbrace25-end 32 32 48 Rbrace25/32 34 Rbrace32-end 30 Bar Length for Bracing Application: ReidBrace™ ReidBar™ Size RBrace RB12 RBRACE12/16 RBA16 RBRACE12/16 RB20 RBRACE20 RB25 RBRACE25/32 RB32 RBRACE25/32 A+/-5mm RBrace-End 135 RBRACE12-END 130 RBRACE16-END 170 RBRACE20-END 210 RBRACE25-END 200 RBRACE32-END ReidBrace™ End B+/-5mm A+B mm 75 210 80 210 105 275 125 335 135 335 for technical data go to .WWW. Each of these methods will offer differing degrees of protection. This volume increase will produce sufficient internal stresses to disrupt the surrounding grout or concrete. when exposed to a moist atmosphere or water to form ferric hydroxide. The interaction is usually of an electrochemical nature. The corrosion of metals is defined according to ISO8044. Corrosion is a physiochemical reaction between a metal and its environment which results in changes in the properties of the metal and which may often lead to an impairment of the function of that metal. which dries to form ferric oxide.2 Corrosion Protection of Grade 500 ReidBar™ ReidBar™ is often used in harsh or corrosive environments and in these areas some form of corrosion protection will need to be considered.7 Corrosion of ReidBar™ 7. dissolved oxygen plays an important role and corrosion only occurs if dissolved oxygen is present in the electrolyte. the application environment. 30 reid™ .1 What is it? Corrosion is a process of restoring natural balance. Manufacturers of iron and steel products achieve this by combining the iron with alloys to form a more stable or corrosion resistant material. the environment. The nature of corrosion is complex and the performance of corrosion protection systems can be extremely variable.1300 780 250 . The corrosion products of rusting steel bars occupy a volume of three or more times the volume of the steel section consumed. Reducing the effects of corrosion basically require isolating the iron from the environment in which it is to be used. Common methods of corrosion protection include: • Applying a corrosion inhibiting medium • Electro plating • Hot metal spraying and Hot Dip Galvanising • Painting and other surface coatings • Encapsulating in a protective inert barrier There are three broad areas that generally define the type of corrosion. The selection of protection grade is dependant on the application.5 The exception to this is the marine environment where the corrosion rates are similar. 7. Over time corrosion will reduce the effective section of the steel. The designer needs to thoroughly investigate local conditions before deciding on the protection method. For the past 10 years in New Zealand ReidBar™ has been produced as a micro alloyed steel and will have slightly better corrosion resistance than mild steel. The majority of ReidBar™ fittings are cast in Ductile Iron and these will corrode at about 30% of the rate for mild steel. The corrosion products of Ductile Iron are not expansive. localised corrosion and cracking due to either stress corrosion or hydrogen embrittlement. In steel the iron content is chemically changed to a more stable iron oxide or iron salt. Ground water with variable pH can create an electrolysis type corrosion cell. The most familiar corrosion of this type is the rusting of iron. or the technical system of which these form a part. Rusting requires an environment containing at least 1% each water and oxygen. In neutral or alkaline environments. the design life and the consequences of failure. These are uniform or generalised corrosion. Surface coatings that are designed to resist corrosion simply enclose the metal component in an impervious barrier to exclude the corrosion causing elements. The Galvanizers Association of Australia handbook gives the anticipated life of 600 g/m2 of hot dipped coating at 50 years in a mild coastal environment and 25 years in a marine environment.5Ld .REID. For the additional development length required. ReidBar™ fittings are spun in a centrifuge after galvanising and the resulting nominal coating thickness will be around 0. notably chloride. fully cured epoxy powder. An extremely effective method of providing this impervious barrier is coating the metal component with fusion bonded epoxy.5 to 13. Hot Dip Galvanising will have no significant effect on the development length of reinforcing bars.COM. typically 1. is applied to the hot surface of a clean grit blasted metal component. This is regardless of the method of application. In this process finely ground.7 Corrosion of ReidBar™ 7.5 in which a passive film forms on the steel that protects it from corrosion. the protective life of a metallic zinc coating is roughly proportional to the mass of zinc per unit of surface area.3 Two protection alternatives for ReidBar™ and their likely performance. Cement grouts or concrete provide an environment where the pH is typically 9. The corrosion protection performance of fusion-bonded epoxy is further enhanced by pre coating the bar or fitting with a zinc rich fusion bonded epoxy.0 or alkaline solutions above pH 12.04~0. ™ ™ To remove excess zinc. This equates to a surface zinc thickness of approximately 0. Unprotected galvanised systems should not be used with acid solutions below pH 6. for technical data go to . in the grout or concrete. The residual heat of the component melts and fuses the epoxy powder to the component. Since zinc coatings protect the steel by the sacrificial erosion of itself.0. proper substrate adhesion to resist corrosion migration at damage sites and be chemically inert. ReidBar™ and ReidBar™ components can be coated with either fusion-bonded epoxy applied directly to the metal or first coated with the zinc rich fusion bonded epoxy and then over coated with fusion bonded epoxy.5 Additional protection is required when galvanised steel is in contact with chemically treated timber. The trade names of the epoxy products used are Black Beauty and Zinc Shield and are produced by Orica Powder Coatings. the designer should refer to the appropriate design literature.10mm (100 microns). However the loss of this protective alkalinity around the steel.2Ld to 1.WWW. abrasion resistant and almost impossible to remove. Hot Dip Galvanising Surface Coatings ReidBar and ReidBar fittings are galvanised to meet the requirements of AS/NZS 4680 with the nominal coating mass on ReidBar™ being 600g/m2.5 to 7. Both the epoxy powder and the application and testing procedures meet the requirements of ASTM A775/A775M-97 Epoxy coatings will reduce the effective bonding of reinforcing bars in concrete. can lead to corrosion. An effective coating needs toughness to resist abrasion and mechanical damage.06mm. or the presence of aggressive ions.AU 31 . Some environment limitations are noted as follows: Galvanising will give minimal protection for pH values less than 6. The cured epoxy coating is flexible. Orica Powder Coatings lab report # 0096 of 18 March 2002 4. Australian Tunneling Conference.000 hours. However a series of accelerated corrosion tests have been undertaken to provide a comparison of the relative performance of hot dip galvanising and fusion bonded epoxy.T. The hot dipped galvanised surface showed serious distress at 350 hours and was completely destroyed at 500 hours. A. At these high loads there may be some damage to the coating surfaces within the nut. After Fabrication Hot Dip Galvanising.M. Where part of an embedded bar is required to remain exposed some powdering may become evident.7 Corrosion of ReidBar™ 7. These tests were carried out in a Q-Fog Cyclic Corrosion Tester (salt spray cabinet) in accordance with the test method ASTM B 117 3. The ultraviolet light in normal sunlight will degrade Fusion Bonded Epoxy coatings at approximately 2 microns per year. Sydney Australia. August 1997 The tests showed that the difference in corrosion resistance between the fusion bonded epoxy only coating and the zinc rich plus fusion bonded epoxy coating was only apparent after 5000 hours. Due to the coating flexibility straining of up to 75% of the bar yield will not crack the epoxy coating. The fusion bonded epoxy top coat was applied over a zinc rich fusion bonded epoxy base coat to give a combined total coating thickness of 270 microns.4 Measuring the effectiveness of a corrosion protection system The accurate simulation of actual long term performance on site during testing is virtually impossible. Atmospheric Corrosion data Table 3. Galvanizing Association of New Zealand 3. This coating system provided corrosion protection for at least 10. 2.40 reid™ .1300 780 250 .5mm diameter started showing on the bar surface but still no rusting.S. At this time small blisters of 0. References 1. The tests show that in the accelerated corrosion environment fusion bonded epoxy continues to provide corrosion protection for at least 20 times longer than a hot dipped galvanised surface. BS 8081 British Standard Code of Practice for Ground Anchorages 5. Where Fusion Bonded Epoxy coatings are required to remain exposed to sunlight throughout a long working life then they should be overcoated with a 2 pack polyurethane paint system approximately 60 microns thick. 32 Fusion bonded epoxy’s are affected by ultraviolet radiation. Site conditions can often make it difficult to control both welding procedures and proper consumable selection. Optimum results are obtained with MIG and automatic processes. Joint design Refer to AS1554 Part 3. However we recognise that welding of reinforcement is an option desired and chosen at times by users.WWW. standards AS1554 Part 3 1983 and the WTIA technical note 1. we recommend the use of Hydrogen Controlled electrodes.1 Features and Benefits ReidBar™ systems are designed to eliminate or reduce the need to weld reinforcing bars. for technical data go to . Since ReidBar™ fully complies with AS4671 it also offers the same suitability for welding as conventional grade 500N reinforcement.COM. Note: ReidBar™ is manufactured in both New Zealand and Australia. Choice of welding process This grade of steel is readily weldable by either metal manual arc (MMA) or semi-automatic and automatic (SUBARC) or inert gas shielded (MIG) processes.welding 8 8. Consumables When using MMA welding processes.AU 33 .REID. References. 2002.1300 780 250 . interpass temperature rise can be minimised by laying weld beads on separate joints in sequence thus allowing each weld to cool between runs. Weaving is not recommended. Preheat Interpass Temperature This should be limited to 200°C maximum for all joints. back grind root run prior to completing the joint.3. manufactured in New Zealand will not require pre-heating when welded in accordance with the Welding Standard AS/NZS 1554. Microalloyed 500E RB12 ReidBar™. • Clean and dress each weld run prior to deposition of subsequent runs. • For butt welds. Not required General Notes Electrode Type Non-symmetric joints such as lap welds may not be suitable for use in seismic applications – specialist advice should be sought in such cases. 34 reid™ . storage and drying of electrodes is essential. • Hydrogen controlled welding processes and electrodes such as GMAW (MIG). As interpass temperatures are likely to increase throughout.5kJ/mm. Localised weakened reinforcement could have dramatic effects on a reinforced concrete structure’s response to seismic loadings. • For multiple welds.2 Welding of Grade 500 ReidBar™ (Australia) 500N ReidBar™ produced by the TEMPCORE process has a carbon equivalent (CE) less than 0. Not required Post Heat • Refer to electrode manufacturer’s recommended current ranges and shielding gasses.39. • Select electrode diameter to be compatible with size of bars being joined. check the interpass temperature prior to commencing each weld run. • Matching strength W55X (E55XX) or W62X (E62XX) type consumables are required for all load bearing butt welds. Welding Practice Notes • Observe 200°C maximum limit on interpass temperatures. • Under-matching W50X (E48XX) and W41 (E40XX) electrodes may also be used for lap and other weld types with appropriate weld lengths as shown in the following sections. Consequently it requires no preheating prior to welding. Welding Technique & Heat Input Best results are achieved using stringer beads where heat input will generally not exceed 2. Correct control. If welding of reinforcement is undertaken it must conform to the requirements of ASNZS 1554 part 3. General Rules Welding of reinforcing steel is not encouraged in New Zealand because of the high likelihood of strength or ductility loss in the heat affected zones. FCAW and low hydrogen MMAW (sticks) must be used for all weld types. Hydrogen controlled electrodes must be used and matching strength electrodes will be required for full strength butt welds. • Balance welding on each side of joint as required to minimise distortion.8 welding 8. and in prefabricated elements.REID. have less tendency to rotate.COM. thus increasing the effective geometric length. In this case. particularly towards end of welding. They do not affect the strength of 500PLUS. This tendency to rotate can be further minimised by forming the weld in two parts as shown. Where doubt exists. Double Sided Lap Welds Electrode Type Matching and under-matching strength electrodes may be used.3). The total sectional area of the splice bars must not be less than the cross sectional area of the parent bar. because of their greater length. Single Sided Lap Welds Electrode Type Matching and under-matching strength electrodes may be used. Weld Lengths Welded one side: 5d for each individual weld Welded both sides: 3d for each individual weld General Notes Full parent bar properties are generated by strap welds. General Notes Observe 200°C maximum interpass temperature by allowing weld to cool between runs. The gap between parent bars must not exceed 20mm. but should only be used with the permission of the supervising engineer when access to the second side is not available or impractical. Electrode Type Matching strength electrodes are essential to develop full strength in the butt weld. the gap between lap welds should not exceed the total weld length. Weld Length Minimum total weld length is 5d.AU 35 .8 welding 8.3 Procedures for Specific Welds Locational Tack Welds Strap Welds Electrode Type Under-matching strength electrodes are preferred but matching strength may be used. They must not be used for lifting purposes unless prior approval has been obtained from the design engineer (see AS/NZS 1554. Weld length • Matching strength electrodes: 8d • Under-matching W50x (E48xx) type electrodes: 9d • Under-matching W41x (E41xx) type electrodes: 10d General Notes Single sided lap welds. These welds may also be formed in two parts as shown provided total weld lengths noted are used. Electrode Type Matching and under-matching strength electrodes may be used.WWW. verify suitability with the supervising engineer. Weld Length Not less than the size of the smaller bar. for technical data go to . Butt Welds General Notes The short length of conventional double sided lap splice welds may cause excessive rotation at the splice when loaded in tension. General Notes These are usually used for positioning and holding purposes. Longer weld lengths than that required to develop full strength have therefore been recommended. Strap welds may be welded either on one side or both sides noting minimum effective weld lengths above. Strap welds are bulkier than lap or butt splice joints thus may not be suitable for use in applications where concrete cover is minimal. and thus contribute to concrete spalling. Tests show that to achieve the ultimate strength of the Q . A2. reid™ . If you are applying these sorts of loads to a coupler in a precast element you need have sufficient concrete strength to resist the torque. These tests include cyclic tension load tests.We have established that a more accurate measure is to run the nut against the coupler by hand then rotate the nut a further fixed amount.Is tightening torque critical in the performance of A . If this is an issue with crack widths at serviceability limit state then slip can be significantly reduced by inducing a preload into the bar/fitting by fully tightening the bar onto the internal stop as detailed in the above Q & A. or cut-off saw as sheared or cropped ends usually present problems.1mm.5mm of slip can occur in each end of the coupler at loads approaching yield.What testing has been done for ReidBar™? A .g. Q .What is the best way of cutting ReidBar™ before joining? A . RB12N: 120 degrees after hand tight – 2 flats of the nut.3 of NZS 3101:1995 when the components are tested whilst embedded in concrete.During the development of ReidBar™ extensive tests were conducted by Reid™ to ensure compliance with all applicable codes. terminations for rock bolts. Poorly maintained equipment will leave a misshaped core diameter and excessive burr on the bar end making more difficult to thread on nuts and couplers. using accredited testing laboratories in an ongoing program of quality assurance and development while specific research programs continue to be undertaken. large spanner up to 1.1300 780 250 . A 48” crescent spanner with a length of pipe is a good tool for this application. inserts and grout sleeves) may be used without additional nuts. It should be noted however that in most cases the ReidBar™ fittings will be used at construction joints which typically have crack widths well above the coupler slip value.Theory suggests that if we can induce a tension preload into a coupler which exceeds the required bar tension then no additional slip will be seen across the coupler until that pretension load is exceeded. The effect of slip can be further reduced by staggering alternate couplers.1 times the deflection for an equivalent gauge length of plain bar. In order to satisfy the code. Serviceability slip of less than 0. Refer critical applications to Reid™. Correct bar insertion is critical to the performance of the ReidBar™ system and it is recommended that good practice requires the user to mark the bar at half coupler length back from the inserted end so that a visual check is available.How much slip occurs in the thread of a coupler if nuts are fitted? A . the coupled bar assembly will be stiffer than an unspliced bar at the same gauge length. however.How hard is it to apply zero slip preload? A . For most splicing and anchoring applications the primary fittings (couplers.How much slip occurs in the thread of a coupler as it is Q .If slip is critical how is the correct preload applied? A . Q . Coupler slips measured across this gauge length are typically around 0. Tests carried out at Auckland University in 2002 have shown that if the correct preload is applied using nuts tightened against the coupler ends. The system’s quality is continually monitored by Reid™. RBA16N: 100 degrees after hand tight – 11/2 flats of the nut RBA20N: 70 degrees after hand tight – 11/4 flats of the nut.9 Frequently Asked Questions Q .5 metres long with very stiff jaws.1. Q .In the larger sizes the correct preload requires the use of a very connection the thread engagement must be at least 80% of the maximum thread depth available in the fitting. the full breaking strength of the bar will be developed. Q . ground anchors. Tests have demonstrated compliance with the seismic requirement of clause 7. RB32N: 30 degrees after hand tight – 1/2 flat of the nut.It is preferable to cut ReidBar™ with an abrasive cut-off wheel or fully through the component.If difficulty is encountered because of burring or distortion of the ReidBar™ components? loaded? A .What type of nuts should I use and when? A . Reid™ recommends using a wrench with a minimum length of 300mm to ensure the bar is fully engaged.What end treatment is required before coupling? A . Nuts are used for all designs where the nut is required to develop the full breaking strength of the bar e. pullout tests to check embedment anchorage and slip tests. along with the steel mills and fitting manufacturers. 36 end during cutting or shearing then a light dressing with an angle grinder to remove the damage is all that is required. you will also need a good strong vice bolted to the floor to hold the coupler. including the special seismic requirements of New Zealand Reinforcement and Structural Design Standards. tensioning applications. hold down bolts. Q . Q . otherwise the corners of the nut will be turned and torque will be insufficient.How far into the Coupler must the bar be threaded? A . Q . RB25N: 60 degrees after hand tight – 1 flat of the nut.A1.1mm is possible by fitting ReidBar™ with nuts tightened correctly against coupler ends. the spliced bar must not deflect more than 1.5.Provided the bar is screwed tightly against the centre stop.Recent tests have shown that up to 0. An appropriate stagger distance would be the development length of the bar size being used. etc. whichever is appropriate. Contact Reid™ for copies of tests concerning specific applications for your project. meaning that protruding starter bars are shorter. Metric threaded inserts tend to be shorter. ReidBar™ is highly ductile and can be cold bent and rebent around the minimum former diameters specified in AS/ NZS4671:2001 and NZS3402 without fracture (Note Q/A on HD Galvanised Bar). ReidBar™ Grout Sleeves are simple and easy to use and the reusable setting hardware encourages both quick and accurate placing in boxing and precast forms. If you have further questions regarding welding contact Reid™ for clarification. ReidBar™ Grout Sleeves have been tested with 500 grade bar. Kobe and Newcastle.The best way to join to concrete elements is by casting a ReidBar™ Grout Sleeve into the top of the lower element and a ReidBar™ Coupler into the bottom of the upper element. the ReidBar™ system can solve structural connection problems often encountered in thin sections or joints without bending the reinforcement. ReidBar™ threaded inserts have an effective depth allowing ductile failure at full bar strength.Set Out Joints formed with corrugated formers such as Drosbach tubes derive their strength from the integrity of the surrounding concrete. Q .COM. This eliminates the need for any starter bars protruding from the precast elements that are liable to damage and bending. Reid™ Grout Sleeves have been tested with Fosroc Conbextra GP. The expanding rubber ferrule positively excludes latents from the Grout Sleeve cavity.AU 37 . A2.Most general purpose grouts with a 28 day compressive strength exceeding 65MPa can be used. making on-site installation easier and safer. The thread cutting process will induce a notch effect at the base of the thread and further reduce the bar strength. However. Note: This pre-grout method avoids the necessity for casting in grout tubes and the need for a separate grouting operation.Can you bend and rebend ReidBar™? A . while a very common detail uses bent bars as starters for moment connections.Rebending reinforcing steel is not recommended because steel strain hardens when it is bent and loses some of its ductility. It is important that reinforcing steel used in concrete structures remains ductile. an effect that is usually increased when the steel is rebent.How does ReidBar™ starter bars compare with a metric threaded starter bar? A . Hot forged nuts can be welded and nuts manufactured from free machining steels can also be welded but caution needs to be exercised if load capacity is critical. Pricing When all the costs for a completed joint are accounted for.REID. levelled and propped.WWW. tests with M32 thread on a N32 bar had an ultimate capacity of 327kN compared with 504kN ultimate for the unthreaded bar. Q . for technical data go to .Although cast SG Iron fittings can be welded using specialised techniques it is not a recommended practice because it will degrade the strength and ductility of the fitting and it will no longer meet the performance characteristics stated in this manual. Grout Sleeves have grout tube holes included in the casting. As with lapped joints they must be staggered if used in high stress zones. The minimum core diameter of reinforcing bars does not allow the same diameter metric thread to be cut to a full profile. Sika Grout 212 and MBT 830.g. Q .How do I connect one precast concrete element to another using ReidBar™? A . On-site ReidBar™ Grout Sleeves have a short embedment depth. The two elements are then brought together into the final position. Immediately prior to final placing a starter bar of the correct length is screwed into the coupler and non-shrink grout is poured into the grout sleeve cup. RB32 bar maximum ultimate capacity is 562kN. ReidBar™ grout sleeves on the other hand provide full bar strength even in plastic hinge zones. size for size. Q . While Drosbach tubes have a lower initial cost in practice the smaller grout volume and lower grouting labour costs in a completed joint will compensate for the higher initial cost of the grout sleeve. Since the security of a ReidBar™ Grout Sleeve joint is completely independent of the concrete it is the ideal solution for full strength joints in thin sections.How does a ReidBar™ grout sleeve joint compare with a Drosbach joint? A .There are three issues here: A1. A3. NOTE: TO EFFECTIVELY ANCHOR A GROUT SLEEVE IT REQUIRES A LAP LENGTH OF BAR PROTRUDING FROM AND SCREWED INTO THE THREADED END. especially when the structure could be subjected to seismic loads. e. The importance of this has been highlighted by recent failures of concrete structures under seismic loads in California.Can I weld cast ReidBar™ fittings? A . Q .9 Frequently Asked Questions Q . Grout Sleeves and Drosbachs will be a similar price.What grout can I use in ReidBar™ grout sleeves? A . Is the performance of ReidBar™ Inserts affected by traverse cracks in the concrete? A . DO NOT PLACE THREADED INSERTS IN THE LIKELY BURSTING ZONE OF COVER CONCRETE TO TENSION STEEL. (2) ReidBar™ components in sizes larger than RB12 are generally manufactured from specially alloyed high strength ductile iron.Yes. Recent tests have shown values of Charpy impact resistance for Grade 500E RB32 at -15ºC at around 17 joules.Can I use the ReidBar™ system at temperatures below A .NO.The relationship of Torque versus tension in ReidBar™ systems is reasonably linear up to about 25% of the bar yield strength. especially where impact loads are also present. and components? ™ 38 freezing? Q .g.Can I use SG Iron ReidBar™ components for lifting? A . SG Iron ReidBar™ components are not developed for this purpose and do not comply wit the requirements of AS3850 . taking into consideration the relevant codes and the following notes.What is the relationship between torque applied to the nut and tension induced in the bar? A . Grade 500/7 SG Iron is not recommended for service at temperatures below freezing if impact loads are present. Refer to the following graph. Corrosion: (1) Those metal ReidBar™ components not made of ductile iron require the same cover as the bar itself un­less galvanised or otherwise protected. The exception to the better corrosion resistance of ductile iron is sea water and in that case it is preferable to use the same cover limitation as the bar. Q .All low temperature applications should be considered carefully. A minor reduction in the cover in a very localised area (e. Fire: The temperature of the steel reinforcing is affected by the cover of concrete over the full extent of the embedded bar.ReidBar : Code requirements for Reinforcing must be observed. even though Steel Reinforcing Materials. The temperature is averaged over the steel by conduction along its length which acts to quickly dissipate any localised temperature variations.8mm. Reid™ recommends that the ultimate capacity of ReidBar™ inserts be reduced by 25% for crack widths of 0. Ductile iron corrodes at about 30% of the rate of reinforcing steels and the products of the corrosion are not expansive. Components: Because the two main factors to be considered are Fire and Corrosion sufficient protection for the components should be specified by the designer according to the requirements of the application. reid™ .2003 for lifting inserts. Because of this good corrosion resistance cover for Ductile Iron components can be reduced. A . Q . AS/NZS 4671:2001 has no impact test requirement.1300 780 250 .4mm and 30-40% for crack widths of 0. at a coupler) would therefore not lead to any significant increase in steel temperature and no increased reduction in strength. although it is suggested that cover be maintained to at least 50% of code requirements for reinforcing steel.9 Frequently Asked Questions Q .What are the minimum cover requirements for ReidBar™ Q . Refer to AS3600 Concrete Structures. Therefore it does not lead to the spalling and flaking problems commonly associated with the corrosion of steels in concrete. Thin Walls. Future research programs will support investigations into seismic solutions for Beam/Column Joints.Frequently Asked Questions 9 Torque versus tension in ReidBar™ Systems 80 70 Tension (kN) 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 Torque (Nm) Unlubricated INCREASING TORQUE ABOVE THESE VALUES MAY NOT RELATE TO INCREASED TENSION Previous university research applicable to the Reid™ approach includes: Date Description Author August 93 Tensile capacity of steel connectors with short Restrepo-Posada & Park embedment lengths in concrete Canterbury University Sept 96 Tensile capacity of hooked bar anchorages with short Nigel Watts embedment lengths in concrete Canterbury University Sept 96 Tensile capacity of headed anchors with short embedment Barry Magee Canterbury University lengths in concrete Oct 98 Anchorage plates and mechanical couplers in seismic KL Young resistant concrete frames with threaded bar Auckland University June 2000 Methods of joining precast components to form Maureen Ma structural walls Auckland University 2003 Assessing the seismic performance of Reinforcement Coupler System Auckland University Anselmo Bai Institution These papers are held in the corresponding libraries of the Universities.WWW. for technical data go to . Floor/Wall Joints. Column Bases.AU 39 .REID.COM. Shell Beams. reid. Ltd. Leading The Industry In Product Innovation Reid™ has been providing solutions to the concrete construction sector for over 40 years and our knowledge of the industry has enabled us to evolve into a company that is a leader in product innovation and service.U P . Ltd. ™Trademarks of ITW Construction Systems Australia Pty.ReidBar™ .com. Belgium.partnering you and your business. NSW: 0438 540 482 VIC: 0419 164 066 ENGINEERING CONTACTS: SA/TAS: 0409 672 943 QLD: 0407 510 079 WA: (08) 9455 3622 Customer Service Centre 1300 780 250 www. ™TEMPCORE is a trademark of CRM. ReidBar™ is Sensible No loss of cross sectional area across the connection means you can select the bar size you need. ™Ramset is a trademark of Cetram Pty. ABN 48 004 297 009 Trading as Reid™.au ITW Construction Systems Australia Pty. Our national engineering team is available to help solve your concrete construction challenges – from concept to completion. It is a complete connection system. proven to offer design flexibility and affordable solutions to almost any concrete construction challenge. ReidBar™ offers full Grade 500 design strength. Reid™ . not the one the connection system dictates. © Copyright 2008 REID16589MDG-9/08. Ltd.Seriously Sensible Steel ReidBar™ is much more than just a threaded reinforcing bar. R E I N F O R C I N G • P R E C A S T • T I L T . ReidBar™ is Steel ™ Produced using the TEMPCORE process. ReidBar™ is Serious Full bar break connections. All information contained in this document is correct at time of printing but is subject to change without notice.