QUESTION 11. The symptom of sadness ______________, while the symptom of crying _____________. motivates avoidance of future losses; is a signal soliciting help from others allows us to more objectively evaluate our goals; protects us against a threat of attack is a signal soliciting help from others; allows us to more objectively evaluate our goals protects us against a threat of attack; motivates avoidance of future losses 1 points QUESTION 2 1. All of the following forces could cause the variation inherent in individual differences except __________. individual variation in exposure to certain environmental insults mutation load frequency dependent selection group selection 1 points QUESTION 3 1. Nettle argues that very high or very low levels of various personality traits __________. provide high benefits but also high costs provide greater benefits than costs are viewed as highly attractive in women are viewed as highly attractive in men 1 points QUESTION 4 1. The ecological dominance/social competition EDSC. hypothesis states that __________. because humans were constantly faced with harsh ecological conditions, they had to evolve high levels of intelligence in order to combat the environment those humans who were best able to compete socially by harnessing the power of ecology tended to acquire more sexual access to mates since humans were able to subdue the hostile forces of nature, the only competition left was among themselves, resulting in the evolution of a larger brain Dysfunction occurs when the __________. Self-handicapping is the __________. Evoked culture refers to __________. tendency to present a strength about oneself privately to provide an enduring disposition responsible for success at a task tendency to make attributions that make one appear worse than others in the group tendency to present publicly a purported weakness about oneself to provide an excuse in the event one fails at a task none of the above 1 points QUESTION 6 1. environment does not match reactive heritability mechanism is not performing as it was designed to perform in the contexts in which it was designed to function mechanism is performing as it was designed to perform in contexts in which it was not designed to function all of the above 1 points QUESTION 7 1. Embarrassment evolved __________. none of the above 1 points QUESTION 5 1. to punish those who violate social contracts to promote appeasement and submission to signal knowledge of an inflicted harm to motivate the helping of others who are suffering 1 points QUESTION 8 1. the evocation of different cultural traditions under similar conditions phenomena that are triggered in some groups more than in others because of differing environmental conditions cultural variation that is attributed to similar ecologies none of the above 1 points QUESTION 9 . Which of the following is a cornerstone of traditional cognitive psychology? domain specificity functional analysis functional agnosticism descriptive agnosticism 1 points QUESTION 13 1.1. Which of the following is a documented example of reactive heritability? Offspring’s tendency to rebel against their parents post-puberty. It reliably develops in many children. decreases. but a large proportion of individuals never display theory of mind. increases or decreases none of the above 1 points QUESTION 12 1. Frequency-dependent selection requires that the payoff of a strategy _____________ as its frequency ________________. increases is static. The positive correlation between extraversion and physical strength. 1 points QUESTION 11 1. The positive correlation between parents’ IQ and offspring’s IQ. increases increases. It “comes online” relatively early in development and maintains a stable skill level through adulthood. Cross-cultural variability in pathogen prevalence has provided support for the hypothesis that some cultural differences are adaptive patterns of __________. none of the above 1 points QUESTION 10 1. relative to women. Men’s significantly greater tendency to prefer short-term mating relationships. Which of the following describes what we know about the development of theory of mind? It grows more and more sophisticated with age. transmitted culture . cannot specify the function of an information-processing device provides a shortcut to conducting the scientific experiments to test hypotheses specifies what a problem is and why there is a device to solve it . A computational theory __________. high risk-taking high Machiavellianism early attachment to their biological father short-term mating strategy 1 points QUESTION 15 1. evoked culture costly signaling reactive heritability 1 points QUESTION 14 1. the same key themes are repeated again and again the types of violence reported on the front page varies by region most of the front-page space was devoted to scientific discoveries the number of articles written about violent news stories differed tremendously over time 1 points QUESTION 17 1. A study of front-page newspaper articles from the past 300 years revealed that __________. which of the following should be best recalled? items for which mental images were created items evaluated for relevance to surviving a hypothetical plane crash items which were related to an actual autobiographical experience all of the above 1 points QUESTION 16 1. According to Nairne’s work on memory systems. People who are high on the K-factor exhibit __________. across cultures and time periods. broadens the search space of successful solutions to a problem 1 points QUESTION 18 1. Belsky and colleagues suggest that _____________ early in a child’s life can calibrate the kind of sexual strategy he or she adopts later in life. father absence mother absence family income potty training 1 points QUESTION 20 1. A key insight gleaned from evolutionary developmental psychology that is missing from mainstream developmental psychology is __________. The deadly innovations hypothesis proposes all of the following forces EXCEPT __________. Skills at theory of mind are positively correlated with which personality trait? emotional stability agreeableness conscientious ness extraversion 1 points QUESTION 19 1. that human beings face predictably different adaptive problems at various points in their lives that all adaptations have a developmental history that selection can operate on the developmental timing of psychological mechanisms all of the above 1 points QUESTION 21 1. founder effects double jeopardy spiraling complexity . In the first empirical test of the ecological dominance/social competition EDSC. The frequentist hypothesis states that __________. Chomsky and Gould argue that language is __________. in populations with more competition for status. All of the following are traits that might be maintained by frequency-dependent selection EXCEPT __________. some human reasoning mechanisms are designed to take as input frequency information and produce as output probabilistic behavior some human reasoning mechanisms are designed to take as input frequency information and produce as output frequency information all human reasoning mechanisms are designed to take as input frequency information and produce as output frequency information none of the above 1 points QUESTION 23 1. less energy could be devoted to brain evolution. resulting in smaller cranial capacities populations in the process of achieving ecological dominance had larger cranial capacities than those that had already become ecologically dominant women’s but not men’s. an adaptation designed for the communication of information a byproduct of the tremendous size of the human brain . researchers discovered that __________. hypothesis. cranial capacity was positively correlated with the degree to which they engage in gossip population density throughout human evolution was positively correlated with cranial capacity 1 points QUESTION 24 1. migration ratchet 1 points QUESTION 22 1. proportions of biological sex mating strategies language psychopathology 1 points QUESTION 25 1. . not universal across different cultures not explicable through evolutionary insights 1 points QUESTION 26 1. Adaptations in infancy evolved to solve particular adaptive problems faced specifically during this age. Developmental evolutionary psychology stress which of the following? Children possess conditional strategies that produce different life trajectories based on early experience. Which hypothesis for the evolution of language has the MOST serious difficulties in explaining available data? social gossip hypothesis social contract hypothesis Scheherazade hypothesis information exchange hypothesis 1 points QUESTION 27 1. Which of the following is NOT a bias documented in human social psychology? correspondence bias self- handicapping self-serving bias confrontational bias 1 points QUESTION 29 1. to prevent inbreeding to encourage inbreeding to increase rates of inbreeding suppression in response to sex between cousins 1 points QUESTION 28 1. The repulsion of incest evolved __________. Extended childhood contains design features for the prolonged learning and preparation needed to solve adaptive problems later in life. Navarrete’s studies on fear learning and extinction based on group membership revealed that __________. fear of in-group men is the easiest to acquire fear of in-group members was most difficult to acquire and most difficult to extinguish fear of out-group men was the most difficult to extinguish women learn fear of out-group members more easily than men . all of the above 1 points QUESTION 30 1.