Puluhan Contoh Kalimat Direct dan Indirect Speech Beserta ArtinyaBy Admin Ganteng On January 5, 2015 In Grammar ★★★★★ Puluhan Contoh Kalimat Direct dan Indirect Speech Beserta Artinya – Kekurangan contoh kalimat direct and indirect speech? Kami punya banyak contoh dan penjelasan polanya disini. Aturan – aturan perubahan dalam kalimat direct ke indirect speech To be & Auxiliary Verbs Direct > Indirect Am/is/are > was/were Shall/will > should/would May > might Can > could Have/has to > had to Tenses Direct Indirect Simple present > simple past Present continuous > past continuous Present perfect continuous > past perfect continuous Simple future > past future Time & Place Direct > Indirect Tonight > that night Now > then Next week > the following week Tomorrow > the following day Contoh Kalimat Statement/Pernyataan Direct speech: Aria said, “I will give you a book next week”. Aria berkata, “Aku akan memberimu sebuah buku bulan depan”. Indirect Speech: Aria said that he would give me a book the following week. Aria mengatakan bahwa dia akan memberi ku sebuah buku bulan depan. Baca juga: Cara Menggunakan So dan Such di Dalam Bahasa Inggris Direct speech: He said, “I work in a bank” Dia berkata, “Saya bekerja di sebuah Bank” Indirect speech: He said that he worked in a bank. Dia berkata bahwa dia bekerja di sebuah bank. Direct speech: They said, “We are going to beach tomorrow” Dia berkata, “Kami akan pergi ke pantai besok” Indirect speech: They said that they were going to beach the following day. Dia berkata bahwa mereka akan pergi ke pantai besok Direct speech: She said, “I am sad now” Dia berkata, “Aku sedih saat ini” Indirect Speech: She said that she was sad then. Dia berkata bahwa dia sedih saat itu. Direct speech: I said, “John has been waiting for you since two hours” Aku berkata, “John sudah menunggu kamu selam dua jam” Indirect Speech: I said that John had been waiting for you for two hours. Aku berkata bahwa John sudah meunggunya selama dua jam. Baca juga: Pengertian dan Contoh Interrogative Sentence (Kalimat Interrogatif) Direct speech: I told Jerry, “I can fix this computer soon” Aku memberitahu Jerry, “Aku dapat memperbaiki computer ini segera”. Indirect speech: I told to him that I could fix this computer immediately. Aku memberitahu dia bahwa aku bisa memperbaiki komputer ini segera. Direct speech: Marry told us, “I have to go now” Marry memberitahu kami , “Aku harus pergi saat ini” Indirect speech: Marry told to us that she had to go then. Marry memberitahu kami bahwa dia harus pergi saat itu. Jika Verb di reporting sentence present maka verb di reported sentence tidak berubah Direct speech: John tells Anne “I will pick you up at seven o’clock tonight” John memberitahu Anne, “Aku akan menjemputmu pada jam 7 malam malam ini. Indirect speech: John told to Anne that he will pick her up at seven o’clock tonight. John memberitahu Anne bahwa dia akan menjemput dia jam 7 malam itu. Baca juga: Tata Cara Penggunaan Tanda Titik di Bahasa Inggris Direct speech: Andy says “I have had lunch with John recently” Andy berkata, “Aku sudah makan siang dengan John tadi” Indirect speech: Andy said to marry that he has had lunch with John recently. Andy berkata kepada Marry bahwa dia telah sarapan tadi. Direct Speech: My mother says, “This flower needs to be watering frequently” Ibuku berkata, “Bunga ini butuh disiram sering-sering” Indirect Speech: My mother said that this flower needs to be watering frequently. Ibuku berkata bahwa bunga ini butuh disiram teratur. Direct speech: My brother tells to me, “I am reading a book now” Saudaraku memberitahuku, “aku sedang membaca buku sekarang” Indirect speech: My brother told to me that he is reading a book then. Saudaraku memberitahuku bahwa dia sedang membaca sebuah buku saat ini. Command/Perintah Direct speech He asked me “Open the door please!” Dia meminta ku, “Tolong buka pinu!” Indirect speech He asked me to open the door please. Dia memintaku untuk membeuka pintu. Direct speech My father told me, “Don’t come home late!” Ayahku memberitahuku, “Jangan pulang terlambat!” Indirect speech My father told to me not to come home late. Ayahku memberitahuku untuk tidak pulang terlambat. Direct speech Teacher asked me, “Open the page 23 now!” Guru meinta ku, “Buka halaman 23 sekarang!” Indirect speech Teachers asked us to open the page 23 then. Guru memintaku untuk membuka halaman 23 saat itu. Direct speech Andy asked “Don’t leave me alone!” Andy memintaku, “Jangan tinggalkan aku sendiri!” Indirect speech Andy asked that to not leave him alone. Andy memintaku untuk tidak meninggalkannya sendiri. Direct speech My uncle told me “Come and visit us next week!” Pamanku memberitahuku, “Datang dan kunjungi kami bulan depan!” Indirect speech My uncle told to me to come and visit them the following week. Pamanku memberitahuku untuk datang dan mengunjungi mereka bulan depan. Jika Verb di reporting sentence present maka verb di reported sentence tidak berubah Direct speech She tells him, “Don’t touch me!” Dia memberitahunya, “jangan menyentuhku!” Indirect speech She told to him not to touch me. Dia memberitahunya untuk tidak menyentuhnya. Direct speech His father asks, “Study hard!” Ayahnya mengatakan, “Belajar yang giat!” Indirect speech His father asked him to study hard. ayahnya berkata kepadanya untuk belajar giat. Direct speech The gardener tells me “don’t step on the grass!” Si tukang kebun memberitahuku, “Jangan menginjak rumput!” Indirect speech The gardener told to me not to step on the grass. Si tukang kebun memberitahuku untuk tidak menginjak rumput. Direct speech John tells Marry, “Hurry up!” John memberitahu Marry,” cepat!” Indirect speech John told to marry to hurry up. John memberitahu Marry untuk cepat. Question/Pertanyaan Direct speech John asked Marry, “Why do you come late today?” John menanyai Marry, “Kenapa kamu datang terlambat hari ini?” Indirect speech John asked Marry why she came late that day. John menanyai marry kenapa dia datang terlamba hari itu. Direct speech I asked my uncle, “When will you visit us here?” Aku menanyai pamanku, “kapan kau akan mengunjungi kami di sini?” Indirect speech I asked my uncle when he would visit us here. Aku menanyai pamanku kapan dia akan mengunjungi kami di sini. Direct speech My mother asked me, “Where are you last night?” Ibuku menanyaiku, “Dimana aku berada kemarin malam?” Indirect speech My mother asked me where was I that night. Ibuku menanyaiku dimana aku berada malam itu. Direct speech Andy asked me, “Have you finished the homework?” Andy menanyaiku, “Sudahkah aku menyelesaikan PR?” Indirect speech Andy asked me if I had finished the homework. Andy menanyaiku apakah aku telah menyelesaikan PR. Direct speech My brother told to me, “Are you okay?” Saudaraku memberitahuku, “Apakah aku baik-baik saja?” Indirect speech My brother told to me whether I was okay or not. Saudaraku menanyaiku apakah Aku baik baik saja? Direct speech Aria asked John, “Can you be quiet for a while?” Aria menanyai John, “Dapatkah kamu dia untuk beberapa saat?” Indirect speech Aria asked John if he could be quiet for a while. Aria menanyai John apakah dia bisa tenang untuk beberapa saat. Direct speech I asked John, “Does you want to come with us?” Aku menanyai John, “Apakah kamu mau ikut kami?” Indirect speech I told John whether he wanted to come with us. Aku menanyai John apakah dia mau ikut denagn kami. IRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH Direct Speech (Kalimat Langsung) ialah kata-kata kalimat yang diucapkan langsung oleh si pembicara. Indirect Speech (Kalimat Tak Langsung) ialah kalimat yang diucapkan untuk melaporkan kata-katansi kata-kata seseorang kepada orang lain secara tak langsung. Direct & Indirect Speech terdiri dari 3 jenis yaitu : I. Statement (pernyataan) II. Command (perintah) III. Question (pertanyaan) Perubahan-perubahan yang perlu dari Direct ke Indirect Speech : 1. To be & Auxiliary Verbs Direct Indirect Am/is/are - was/were Shall/will - should/would Can - could May - might Must Have/has to - had to Ought to 2. Time & Place (keterangan waktu & tempat) Direct Indirect now - then tomorrow - the following day next week - the following week tonight - that night today - that day yesterday - the day before last night - the night before last week - the week before, the precious week here - there this - that these - those 3. Tenses Direct Indirect Simple present - simple past Simple past - past perfect Present perfect Present continous - past continous Present perfect continous - past perfect continous Simple future - past future I. STATEMENT Dalam Indirect Statement kita menggunakan kata that (bahwa) sebagai penghubung antara kalimat penga indirect statement ialah : He said He said to me that + reported words He told me e.g - Mary told her friends “I have been to Bali twice.” - Mary told her friends that she had been to Bali twice. - Father said “I am going out of town tomorrow” - Father said that he was going out of town the following day. - Mary told John “my father warned me last night” - Mary told John that her father had arned her the night before. - My sister said to me “I don’t like tennis” - My sister said to me that she didn’t like tennis. - Tom said “I didn’t go to school this morning” - Tom said that he hadn’t gone to school that morning. Apabila kalimat pengantarnya dalam bentuk Simple Present Tense, maka kalimat yang dilaporkan tidak m e.g - John says “I will go to Bandung tomorrow” - John says that he will go to Bandung tomorrow - Mary says “I have seen that film” - Mary says that she has seen that film. - My brother says “I met Tom at the party last night” - My brother says that he met Tom at the party last night. - Tom says “I don’t like English” - Tom says that he don’t like English. II. COMMAND Command dibagi dalam 2 (dua) bagian yaitu : 1. Positive Command Dalam perintah positif kita tambahkan to di depan kalimat perintahnya, sebagai penghubung antara k to + infinitive He asked me He told me e.g - He asked me “Open your book” - He asked me to open my book. - Mary told me “Stop talking to Jane” - Mary told me to stop talking to Jane. - Mother asked John “Pay attention to what I say” - Mother asked John to pay attention to what she says. - John told Mary “Wait until I come” - John told Mary to wait until he comes. - The teacher said to the students “Be quiet while I am talking” - The teacher told the students to be quiet while she is talking. 2. Negative Command Dalam perintah negatif kita tambahkan not to di depan perintah yang dilaporkan. e.g - Mary told John “Don’t wait for me” - Mary told John not to wait for her. - I told him “Don’t mention it to anyone” - I told him not to mention it to anyone. - Father asked her “Don’t go there alone” - Father asked her not to go there alone. - Ira asked Tom “Don’t come to my house again” - Ira asked tom not to come to her house again. - Mothers asked John “Don’t smoke too much” - Mother asked John not to smoke too much. III. QUESTION Bila pertanyaan langsung (direct question) menggunakan kata-kata tanya seperti ; Where, When, Why, W Pertanyaan yang dilaporkan berubaha menjadi bentuk positif. Kalimat pengantarnya ialah : Positive Form He asked me where When etc. e.g - The man asked me : “Where do you live ?” - The man asked me where I lived. - John asked Mary : “Why do you get angry with me ?” - John asked Mary why she got angry with him. - I asked him : “When did you get back from your trip ?” - I asked him when he had got back from his trip. - He asked me : “How will you go there ?” - He asked me how I would go there. - John asked the girl : “What is your name ?” - John asked the girl what her name was. Bila pertanyaan langsung tidak menggunakan kata-kata tanya, dan hanya merupakan pertanyaan dalam b penghubung antara kalimat pengantar dan pertanyaan yang dilaporkan. e.g - The boy asked John : “Does Mary live near here?” - The boy asked John if Mary lived near there. - The teacher asked her : “Have you finish your homework ?” - The teacher asked her if he had finished her homework. - Mary asked me : “Did you she John at the party the night before. - Mary asked me whether I had seen John at the party the night before. - We asked them : “Will you go to the movie with us tonight ?” - We asked them whether they would go to the movie with us that night. - Mother asked John : “Are you going to marry her ?” - Mother asked John if he was going to marry her. Note : Baik if maupun whether dapat digunakan bergantian IV. REPORTED SPEECH / MIXED TYPE (Jenis Gabungan) Bila pertanyaan dan pernyataan digabung dalam Reported Speech maka kita menggunakan kata as (kare tersebut dilaporkan kemudian. Perhatikanlah contoh-contoh berikut ini : e.g - She asked me :”What is the time ?”, my watch has stopped. - She asked me what the time was as her watch had stopped. - Ira asked John :”what is the matter with you ?”, You don’t look well. - Mary asked John what the matter was with him as he didn’t look well. - I asked her :”How long have you been studying English ?”, Your accent is very good. - I asked her how long she had been studying English as he her accent was very good. - He told me :”I am off to the movie,” Where are you going ?” - He told me that he was off to the movie and asked me where I was going. - She said :”It is cold inside,” Is the window open ? - She said that it was cold inside and asked if the window was open. Bila dalam pertanyaan langsung disertai dengan jawaban Yes dan No, maka kita menggunakan kata but s e.g - He asked me :”Will you go out wiith me ?” No, I won’t. - He asked me if I would go out with him but I said I wouldn’t. - Mother asked John :”Have you had lunch ?” No, I haven’t. - Mother asked John if he had had lunch but he said he hadn’t. - She asked me :”Can you meet me tomorrow ?” No. - She asked me if I could meet her the following day but I said I couldn’t. - I asked her :”Do you like vegetables ?” Yes, I do. - Is asked her if she liked veggetables and she said she did. - Mary asked John :”Did you phone me last night ?” Yes, I did. - Mary asked John if he had phoned her the night before and he said he had. - Father asked me :”Are you going to the movie tonight ?” Yes. - Father asked me if I was going to the movie that night and I said I was. Direct & Indirect with Auxiliaries Perhatikan perubahan-perubahan yang perlu dari Auxiliaries Direct Indirect Was/were - had been can - could may - might must & have to - had to must not - wasn’t to/musn’t needn’t - didn’t have to e.g - Mary said :” I was sick yesterday.” - Mary said that she had been sick the day before. - The man asked me :” Can you speak English ?” - The man asked me if I could speak English. - Mary said to John :”You may come to my house tomorrow.” - Mary said to John that she might come to his house the following day. - Mother told John :”You must study harder if you want to pass the exam.” - Mother told John that he had to study harder if he wanted to pass the exam. - The police told me :” You must not drive without license.” - The police told me that I wasn’t to drive without license.” - The teacher told them :”You needn’t hurry.” - The teacher told them that they didn’t have to hurry. ALL ABUT STORY Search DIRECT dan INDIRECT SPEECH (Kalimat Langsung dan Tak Langsung) DIRECT dan INDIRECT SPEECH (Kalimat Langsung dan Tak Langsung) Direct Speech adalah kalimat yang diucapkan langsung dari si pembicara. Kalimat tersebut tidak diubah atau ditambah. Contoh : -Erfin said, “I am so happy”. -They said, “We have watched football game”. Indirect Speech adalah kalimat yang berasal dari kalimat langsung yang diceritakan kembali dalam bentuk yang lain. Contoh : -Erfin said that he was so happy -They said that they had watched football game. Catatan : Jika Kata Kerja dalam induk kalimat bentuknya adalah PRESENT dan PRESENT PERFECT atau adanya suatu keterangan yang umum pada induk kalimat, maka tidak ada perubahan waktu dalam Kalimat tidak langsung. Contoh : -She asks me, “Are you sleepy?” She asks me wether I am sleepy -He has told us, “I am hungry.” He told us that he is hungry -She told me,“the sun rises in the east”. She told me that the sun rises in the east Tetapi apabila Kata Kerja dalam kalimat bentuknya selain dari PRESENT dan PRESENT PERFECT maka terjadi perubahan waktu pada Kalimat tidak langsung. Contoh : -Simple Present menjadi Simple Past a. He told me, “I go to work everyday.” b. He told me that he went to work everyday. -Present Continuous menjadi Past Continuous a. She told me, “I am playing music now”. b. She told me that she was playing music then. -Present Perfect menjadi Past Perfect a. They told me. “We have bought a car”. b. They told me that they had bought a car. -Simple Past menjadi Past Perfect a. He told me, “I went to Bandung yesterday”. b. He told me that he had gone to Bandung yesterday. -Simple Future menjadi Future Past a. He told me, “I will go to university next year”. b. He told me that he would go to university the following year. -Future Past menjadi Future Past Perfect a. She told me, “I should go there if I were you.” b. She told me that she would have gone there if she had been me. Perubahan-perubahan MODAL, PREPOSITION dan Keterangan waktu dari kalimat langsung menjadi kalimat tak langsung. : Shall – Should See – saw Will – would Is – was May – might Has/have – had Can –could are – were Here – there This – that Now – then Ago – before, Dsb . Pengertian Direct Indirect Speech Direct speech adalah suatu kalimat yang diucapkan secara langsung oleh pembicara yang dalam penulisannya disertai dengan tanda aphostrof di awal dan akhir kalimatnya sebagaimana teks dialog atau percakapan. Contoh: Andi bilang kepada saya: “kamu adalah orang yang sangat aku cintai” Andi says to me: “you are the one I love very much” Sedangkan Indirect speech adalah suatu kalimat yang menggambarkan perkataan orang lain atau dirinya sendiri secara tidak langsung (tidak persis seperti yang dikatakan pada saat diucapkan). Seperti jika kita merubah contoh kalimat di atas maka indirect speechnya menjadi: Andi bilang kepada saya bahwa saya adalah orang yang sangat ia cintai. Andi says to me that I am the one he love so much Baik kalimat direct maupun indirect speech terdiri dari dua unsur yakni induk kalimat dan anak kalimat. Induk kalimat (introduce phrase) adalah seperti yang berwarna merah, sedangkan anak kalimat (reported words) adalah yang berwarna biru. B. Aturan Perubahan Direct Indirect Speech Siswa sering kali dibingungkan dengan perubahan kalimat dari direct speech ke indirect speech dalam hal perubahan tenses, subjek objek serta tempat dan waktu. Berikut aturan perubahannya: 1. Tenses. Perubahan tenses di bawah ini terjadi jika Induk kalimatnya berupa bentuk Past tense, sedang jika induk kalimatnya dalam bentuk present tense seperti contoh di atas, maka tidak ada perubahan. No DIRECT 1 Simple Present 2 Present Continuous 3 Present Perfect 4 Present Perfect Continous 5 Simple Past 6 Past continuous 7 Past perfect 8 Past perfect continuous 9 Simple Future 10 Future Continuous 11 Future Perfect 12 Future Perfect Continuous Perubahan tenses di atas sebenarnya mencakup 16 tenses, namun karena terlalu panjang saya sarankan untuk membaca Rumus Praktis Perubahan Tenses Direct Indirect Speech. 2. Keterangan waktu dan tempat No DIRECT 1 Now 2 Tomorrow 3 Yesterday 4 Next week 5 Tonight/Today 6 Here 7 This 8 These 3. Berdasar bentuk Kalimat Bentuk dasar kalimat juga berpengaruh pada perubahan kalimat dari direct ke indirect speech. Bentuk dasar kalimat yang dimaksud adalah: 1. Statement (pernyataan) Dalam Indirect Statement kita menggunakan kata “that” (bahwa) sebagai penghubung antara kalimat pengantar/induk kalimat (introduce phrase) dan kata-kata yang dilaporkan/anak kalimat (reported words). Kata yang biasa digunakan bukan hanya told dan said saja, melainkan bisa juga menggunakan:accused, admitted, advised, alleged, agreed, begged, boasted, complained, denied, explained, implied, invited, offered, ordered, promised, replied, suggested, dkk. Contoh: o He suggested: you should come to the party. He suggested I should come to the party. o Andi told me: “I invite you to come to my party tonight” Andi told me that he invited me to come to his party that night o My sister said to me: “Papa warned me last night” My sister said to me that papa had warned her the night before. 2. Command (perintah) Perintah berarti menyuruh untuk melakukan atau tidak melakukan (melarang) dengan kata jangan (don’t). Menyuruh untuk melakukan berarti bersifat positif, sedangkan melarang bersifat negatif (menggunakan don’t). a. Positif Dalam perintah positif kita tambahkan to di depan kalimat perintahnya, sebagai penghubung antara induk kalimat dan anak kalimat yang berupa kalimat perintah. Contoh: He asked me: “Open your book” He asked me to open my book. Garet aksed me: “stop talking to Janet”. Gareth asked me to stop talking to Janet. b. Negatif Dalam perintah negatif kita tambahkan not to di depan perintah yang dilaporkan. Contoh: Mary told John: “Don’t wait for me’ Mary told John not to wait for her. Father said to my sister: “don’t go alone in the middle of the night. Father asked to my sister not to go alone in the middle of the night. 3. Question (pertanyaan) Kalimat pertanyaan dibagi menjadi dua kategori: . Pertanyaan yang menggunakan kata tanya (what, where, when, who, why, how), maka kata tanya tersebulah yang menjadi penghubung antara induk dan induk kalimat. Contoh: He asked me : “How will you go there ?” He asked me how I would go there a. Pertanyaan yang tidak menggunakan kata tanya dan jawabannya berupa yes atau no. Contoh: The teacher asked her : “Have you finish your homework ?” The teacher asked her if he had finished her homework. Catatan: Kita boleh menggunakan present tense atau past tense jika kebenarannya masih terjadi hingga saat ini. Contoh: “My name is Lynne”, she said. Indirectnya boleh: She said her name was Lynne. Boleh juga: She said her name is Lynne. Demikianlah penjelasan mengenai Rumus Direct Indirect Speech dan Contoh Kalimatnya. Semoga membantu dan jika menurut kamu tulisan ini bermanfaat, mohon sharenya melalui tombol Like atau dengan meninggalkan komentar di bawah ini. Terima Kasih. enjelasan Direct and Indirect Speech Complete plus Contoh Kalimat KHANZA AULIA BAHASA INGGRIS NO COMMENTS Banyak yang mengeluhkan materi bahasa inggris Direct-Indirect Speech adalah yang paling sulit karena banyaknya aturan yang harus diterapkan misalnya perubahan tenses, pronoun dan adveb. Tapi jangan kawatir, pada postingan kali ini saya akan menjelaskan secara rinci. Mudah-mudahan bisa dipahami. Direct Indirect Speech Direct Indirect Speech adalah kalimat langsung dan kalimat tidak langsung. Direct speech /Quoted speech (kalimat langsung) adalah kalimat yang berisikan laporan dari pembicara yang ditulis apa adanya. Ciri-cirinya tidak ada Conjunction, terdapat Quotation mark(tanda kutip). Indirect spech/Reported speech (kalimat yang tidak langsung ) adalah kalimat yang dilaporkan oleh orang lain dan diceritakan kembali tanpa mengubah makna/arti. Ciri-cirinya terdapat Conjunction, tidak ada Quotation mark(tanda kutip). Ilustrasi dalam bahasa Indonesia kira-kira seperti ini. Pada suatu hari Tsania bertemu Marwa di pasar. Kemudian mereka bercakap-cakap , cuplikan dialognya ada dibawah ini. Tsania : “ Kamu kelihatan cantik”. (Direct Speech) Marwa : “ Terima kasih “. Kemudian Marwa pulang, di tengah jalan dia bertemu Nikita. Marwa pun bercerita kepada Nikita yang kebetulan juga mengenal Marwa. Eh Nikita, tadi aku ketemu Tsania loh, dia bilang kalau aku kelihatan cantik (Indirect Speech). Marwa menirukan apa yang diucapkan Tsania. Dalam bahasa Inggris itulah yang dinamakan Direct- Indirect Speech . Macam-macam Direct- Indirect Speech Direct Indirect Speech dibagi menjadi beberapa macam diantaranya adalah sebagai berikut: 1. Direct- Indirect Speech from Statement (Berasal dari kalimat pernyataan) 2. Direct- Indirect Speech from Question (Berasal dari kalimat pertanyaan) 3. Direct- Indirect Speech from Imperative (Berasal dari kalimat perintah) 4. Direct- Indirect Speech from Invitation (Berasal dari kalimat ajakan) 5. Direct- Indirect Speech from Exclamation (Berasal dari kalimat seruan) 6. Direct- Indirect Speech from Express gratitute, Wish and Greeting (Berasal dari kalimat ungkapan terima kasih, doa dan salam) 1. Direct- Indirect Speech from Statement Untuk mengubah Direct Speech ke Indirect Speech ada aturannya yaitu: Jika induk kalimat dalam Direct Speech berupa Simple Present maka tenses dan keterangan waktu atau keterangan tempat dalam Indirect Speech tidak mengalami perubahan, yang berubah hanya Pronoun (kata ganti ) saja. Contoh : Diretc Speech : Lusi says, “ I am a high school student”. Indirect Speech : Lusy says that she is a high school student. Diretc Speech : Tom has asked me, “ when will you go camping ?” Indirect Speech : Tom has asked me when will you go camping. Note : Lusy says ,Tom has asked me adalah induk kalimat yang mempengaruhi perubahan tenses. Jika induk kalimat dalam Direct Speech berupa Simple Past maka tenses dan keterangan waktu atau keterangan tempat dalam Indirect Speech mengalami perubahan demikian juga Pronoun (kata ganti ). Perubahan itu mengikuti perubahan tenses. Contoh : Diretc Speech : Ben told me,” You can do it tomorrow”. Indirect Speech : Ben told me that I could do it the following day. Diretc Speech : I asked him, “What did you do last night?” Indirect Speech : I asked him what he had done the previous day. Orang pertama (orang yang berbicara ) dalam Diretc Speech kembali ke subjek induk kalimat dalam Indirect Speech.Contoh : Diretc Speech : Marsya tells us,” I don’t like fish”. Indirect Speech : Marsya tells us that she doesn’t like fish. Orang kedua (orang yang diajak berbicara ) dalam Diretc Speech kembali ke objek induk kalimat dalam Indirect Speech. Contoh : Diretc Speech : Joe told us,” I don’t agree with you”. Indirect Speech : Joe told us that he didn’t agree with us. Orang ketiga (orang yang diberbicarakan ) dalam Direct Speech tidak berubah (constant) dalam Indirect Speech. Contoh : Diretc Speech : Lintang says to us,” Bayu will not go with me”. Indirect Speech : Lintang says to us that Bayu would not go wit her. Tidak hanya Passive Voice , Direct Indirect Speech juga erat kaitannya dengan Tenses. Right ! Aturan perubahan tenses dari Direct Speech ke Indirect Speech Direct Speech Indirect S Simple Present Simple P Present Continuous Past Con Present Perfect Past Per Present Perfect Continuous Past Per Simple Past Past Per Past Continuous Past Per Past Perfect Past Per Past Perfect Continuous Past Per Simple Future Past Fut Future Continuous Past Fut Future Perfect Past Fut Future Perfect Continuous Past Fut Past Future Past Fut Past Future Continuous Past Fut Past Future Perfect Past Fut Past Future Perfect Continuous Past Fut Jika kalimat dalam Direct Speech berupa Tenses yang hurufnya saya beri warna merah maka dalam Indirect Speech Tenses tidak berubah (tetap) Perubahan Auxiliary Direct Speech Indirec Do/does Did Is/am Was Are Were Have/has Had Will/shall Would/sh Would/should Would/sho Perubahan Modal Direct Speech Indirec Might Could May Had Can to Must Had to Have to Would/Sh Will/shall Could ha Could Might ha Might Would/Should Would hav Aturan perubahan keterangan waktu dan keterangan tempat (Adverb) Direct Speech Indirect Speeec Now Then Yesterday The day before/The p Last week The week before Last Sunday The Sunday before Two days ago Two days before Four years ago Four years before Today That day Tomorrow The following day/Th Next week The following week The day after tomorrow In two days time Here There This That These Those 1. Direct- Indirect Speech from Statement Jika kalimat Direct Speech berupa pernyataan (Statement) baik possitive atau negative, maka kata sambung (Conjunction) yang digunalkan adalah THAT yang bermakna BAHWA. Contoh kalimat (Statement of Present): DS : Tina says to her father,”I am verry happy today”. IS : Tina says to her father that she is verry happy today. DS : Okta tell me,” I have not taken a bath”. IS : Okta tell me that she has not taken a bath. DS : She says to me,’’I have given your pen’’. IS : She says to me that she has given my pen. DS : He says to my mother,’’My mother is waiting for you’’. IS : He says to my mother that his mother is waiting for her/my mother. DS : She says to Vivi,’’We are waiting for Mr.John’’. IS : She says to Vivi that we are waiting for Mr.John. DS : Argo and Huda say to them,’’We will defeat you’’. IS : Argo and Huda say to them that they will defeat them. DS : You and her say to him,’’You must follow me’’. IS : You and her say to him that he must follow you. DS : She says to me,’’ I can’t hear you’’. IS : She says to me that she can’t hear me. DS : I have said to them,’’ You have to help my friend’’. IS : I have said to them that they have to help my friend. DS : They say to him,’’ We will not let you go’’. IS : They say to him that they will not let him go. DS : I tell him,’’ You are borrowing my magazine’’. IS : I tell him that he is borrowing my magazine. DS : Gufron tell us,’’ I am happy to meet her’’. IS : Gufron tell us that he is happy to meet her. DS : My uncle says to me,’’ I bring new bike for you’’. IS : My uncle says to me that he brings new bike for me. DS : He says to me,’’ I don’t understand your question’’. IS : He says to me that he doesn’t understand my question’’. DS : Father has told us,’’ You don’t need to help him’’. IS : Father has told us that we don’t need to help him. DS : He tells me,’’ My friends are waiting for me’’. IS : He tells me that his friends are waiting for him. DS : My sister is saying to me,’’ I have something for your family’’. IS : My sister is saying to me that she has something for my family. Contoh kalimat (Statement of Past): DS : Paul told Anne,” I went hiking last week”. IS : Paul told Anne that he had gone hiking the week before. DS : They said to us,” We won’t be in your party tonight”. IS : They said to us that they would not be in your party that night. DS : I said to him,’’ You don’t have to wait for me’’. IS : I said to him that he didn’t have to wait for me. DS : He said to me,’’ I am reading your magazine now’’. IS : He said to me that he was reading my magazine then. DS : They said to me,’’ You looked so busy last night’’. IS : They said to me that I had looked so busy the night before. DS : My father called me,’’ I will not bring your mobile phone’’. IS : My father called me that he would not bring my mobile phone. 2. Direct- Indirect Speech from Question Question Sentence dibagi menjadi 2 yaitu : 1. Question Sentence dengan jawaban YES/NO Jika kalimat pertanyaan dalam Direct Speech dengan jawaban YES/NO, maka kata sambung (Conjunction) yang digunakan adalah IF/WHETHER (Apakah). Contoh : DS : Kevin asks me,” Are you alright?” IS : Kevin asks me if I am alright. DS : Farhan asked his father,” Can I continue my study next year?” IS : Farhan asked his father whether he could continue his study the following year. DS : Tom asked Jerry,” Have you submitted your article?” IS : Tom asked Jerry if/whether Jerry has submitted his article. DS : Lim asked Leo,” Will Kate enter the class tomorrow ?” IS : Lim asked Leo whether Kate would enter the class the following day. 2. Question Sentence dengan menggunakan Question Words (kata tanya) Jika kalimat pertanyaan dalam Direct Speech menggunakan Question Words, maka kata sambung (Conjunction) yang digunakan adalah Question Words itu sendiri. Contoh : DS : Tania asked them,” Who phoned me last night?” IS : Tania asked them who had phoned her the night before. DS : Farrel asks Fitri ,” What are you doing with your pencil?” IS : Farrel asks Fitri what she is doing with her pencil. DS : They ask her,” Whose father has invited you to attend a seminar?” IS : They ask her whose father has invited her to attend a seminar. DS : Amy asked her husband,” When will we go honeymoon again?” IS : Amy asked her husband,” When will they (Amy and her husband) would go honeymoon again. 3. Direct- Indirect Speech from Imperative Jika kalimat dalam Direct Speech berupa kalimat perintah(Command) atau kalimat permohonan (Request), maka kata sambung (Conjunction) yang digunakan adalah TO (untuk kalimat perintah possitive) dan NOT TO (untuk kalimat perintah negative). Contoh : DS : Laili told us,” Be quiet!” IS : Laili told us to be quiet, DS : Ken says to them,” Don’t go without me!” IS : Ken says to them not to go without him. DS : Talita said to her brother,” Don’t be lazy to study!” IS : Talita said to her brother not to be lazy to study. DS : Tommy tells Johan,” Do what you want!” IS : Tommy tells Johan to do what he wants. DS : Ella said to me,”Would you help me?” IS : Ella said to me to help her. Atau Ella requested me to help her. 4. Direct- Indirect Speech from Invitation Jika kalimat dalam Direct Speech menggunakan LET’S , maka kalimat Indirect Speech bisa menggunakan kata kerja INVITE atau SUGGEST. Contoh : DS : Afis said,” Let’s do the job together!” IS : Afis invited us to do the job together. Atau Afis suggested doing the job together. DS : Najib says to his friends,” Let’s party now!” IS : Najib invites his friends to party now. Atau Najib suggest his friends that they party now. 5. Direct- Indirect Speech from Exclamation Exclamation adalah ungkapan seruan, keheranan atau kekaguman. Jika kalimat dalam Direct Speech menggunakan Exclamation, maka kalimat Indirect Speech berubah menjadi pernyataan (Statement) dan menggunakan kata sambung (Conjunction) THAT. Contoh : DS : Delia said,” What a smart student Sharon is !” IS : Delia said that Sharon was a smart student. 6. Direct- Indirect Speech from Express gratitute, Wish and Greeting Jika kalimat dalam Direct Speech menggunakan ungkapan terima kasih(Gratitute), doa (Wish), dan salam(Greeting), maka kalimat Indirect Speech menggunakan kata kerja yang sesuai dengan ungkapan tersebut. Contoh : DS : Andy said to me,” Goog luck!” IS : Andy wished me a luck. DS : Tyas said to Dany,” Good morning Dany!” IS : Tyas greeted Dany in the morning. DS : Nadya says to her teacher,” Thank you very much, sir!” IS : Nadya thanks her teacher very much. DS : Reno said to his cousin,” Congratulation on your graduation!” IS : Reno congratulated his cousin on his graduation. Catatan : Perlu diperhatikan penggunaan modal MUST dalam Inderect Speech. Jika MUST digunakan dalam bentuk Future pada kalimat Direct Speech(kalimat langsung), maka MUST harus diubah menjadi WOULD HAVE TO dalam Indirect Speech (kalimat tak langsung). Contoh : DS : Susy told me,” You must attend the briefing tomorrow”. IS : Susy told me that I would have to attend the briefing the next day. Jika MUST digunakan untuk menyatakan larangan (Prohibition) dalam kalimat langsung (Direct Speech), maka dalam kalimat tak langsung (Indirect Speech) bisa menggunakan MUST’N atau WASN’T TO. Contoh : DS : Nana told Nini,” You mustn’t drive a car in a stormyday”. IS : Nana told Nini that she mustn’t drive a car in a stormyday. Atau Nana told Nini that she wasn’t to drive a car in a stormyday. Itulah Penjelasan Direct and Indirect Speech Complete plus Contoh Kalimat yang bisa saya bagikan. Semoga bermanfaat. Kurang lebihnya saya mohon maaf. Terima kasih. IRECT-INDIRECT SPEECH MARET 25, 2012DWIKACAHAYU TINGGALKAN KOMENTAR DIRECT – INDIRECT SPEECH Direct speech adalah kutipan asli suatu pembicaraan tanpa adanya suatu perubahan. Sedangkan indirect speech adalah bentuk kalimat laporan yang berguna untuk menceritakan kembali pembicaraan/pendapat seseorang yang mana mengalami modifikasi tertentu. Dibawah ini akan diberikan kepada anda materi direct-indirect speech secara lengkap. 1. DIRECT SPEECH Cara penulisan direct speech selalu diapit oleh tanda kutip,kalimat selalu di awali huruf capital. Tanda titik dua (:) atau koma (,)diletakkan sebelum direct speech bilamana kata penghubung/pelapor (reporting vern)-nya berada dimuka,dan tanda koma (,)harus diletakkan setelah direct speech bilamana kata penghubung diletakkan setelah atau diantara direct speechnya. Tanda baca seperti tanda seru (!),tanda Tanya (?) yang menunjukkan jenis kalimat direct tidak mengalami perubahan. 2. INDIRECT SPEECH Ada tiga jenis indirect speech : A. Imperative (request) Yang dilaporka adalah suatu perintah. Karena kalimat perintah biasanya tidak mengenal subject,maka verb dalam direct imperative tidak mengalami perubahan. Verb dalam indirect menjadi ‘to invinitive’. Contoh 1 : Direct : He said to his servant,”Go away at once”. Indirect : He ordered his servant to go away at once. Contoh 2 : Direct : “Watch TV”. Indirect : He told me to watch TV. B. Declarative (statement) 1. Bila terdapat tenses maka penjabarannya sebagai berikut : • Simple present tense menjadi simple past tense Jika direct speech menggunakan simple present tense,maka indirect speech menggunakan simple past tense. Contoh : Direct : Linda said “I buy my dictionary at the book shop”. Indirect : Linda said that she bought her dictionary at the book shop. • Present continuous tense menjadi past continuous tense Jika direct speech menggunakan present continuous tense maka indirect speech menggunakan past continuous tense. Contoh : Direct : She said “I’m doing my English homework”. Indirect : She said that she was doing her English homework. • Present perfect tense menjadi past perfect tense Jika direct speech menggunakan present perfect tense maka indirect speech menggunakan past perfect tense. Contoh : Direct : John said”I have finished doing my reports”. Indirect : John said that he had finished doing his reports. • Present perfect continuous tense menjadi past perfect continuous tense Jika direct speech menggunakan present continuous tense maka indirect speech menggunakan past perfect continuous tense. Contoh : Direct : He said “We have been living here for three years”. Indirect : He said that they had been living there for three years. • Simple past tense menjadi past perfect tense Jika direct speech menggunakan simple past tense maka indirect speech menggunakan past perfect tense. Contoh : Direct : He said “I went to school yesterday”. Indirect : He said that he had gone to school the day before. • Future tense menjadi past future tense Jika direct speech menggunakan simple future tense maka indirect speech menggunakan past future tense. Contoh : Direct : Laila said “We will leave for Singapore”. Indirect : Laila said that they would leave for Singapore. • Past continuous tense menjadi past perfect continuous tense Jika direct speech menggunakan past continuous tense maka indirect speech menggunakan padt perfect continuous tense. Conton : Direct : He said “I was reading an English novels”. Indirect : He said that he had been reading English novels. 2. Bila terdapat modal,maka penjelasannya adalah : Direct : “Ica watch TV”. : “I may watch TV”. : “I must watch TV”. Indirect : She said that she could watch TV : She said that she might watch TV : She said that she had to watch TV. 3. Bila terdapat interrogative sentence a. Reporting verb say atau tell diubah menjadi ask atau inquire. Dengan mengulangi kata Tanya dan mengubah tense jika pertanyaan di mulai dengan kata Tanya. Contoh : Direct : He said to me,”where are you going?” Indirect : He asked me where I was going. b. Dengan menggunakan if/whether sebagai penghubung antara reporting verb dan reported speech dan mengulang tenses Contoh : Direct : He said to me,”Are you going away today?” Indirect : He asked me whether I going today. EXERCISE : Complete the sentences in reported speech. Note the change of pronouns and tenses. 1. “ where is my umbrella?”she asked. She asked…………………………………….. 2. “ how are you?”Martin asked us. Martin asked us………………………… 3. he asked,”Do I have to do it?” he asked……………………………… 4. “ where have you been?”the mother asked her daughter. The mother asked her daughter……………………………………… 5. “ which dress do you like best?”she asked her boyfriend. She asked her boyfriend………………………………………………… 6. “ what are they doing?”she asked. She wanted to know………………….. 7. “ Are you going to the cinema?”he asked me. He wanted to know……………………………………… 8. The teacher asked,”who speaks English?” The teacher wanted to know………………… ANSWER 1. She asked where her umbrella was. 2. Martin asked us how we were. 3. He asked if he had to do it. 4. The mother asked her daughter where she had been. 5. She asked her boyfriend which dress he liked best 6. She wanted to know what they were doing. 7. He wanted to know if I was going to the cinema. 8. The teacher wanted to know who spoke English. REFERENSI/SUMBER : Jack,Saharuddin H.2003,”THE EASIEST WAY OF COMPREHENDING ENGLISH GRAMMAR”.Jakarta.Batavia Press. DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH Direct and Indirect Speech, yang juga kita kenal dengan istilah lain yaitu Reported Speech. Direct Speect adalah kalimat yang diucapkan secara langsung oleh pembicara dan jika ditulis kalimat tersebut akan diberi tanda kutip. Sedangkan Indirect Speech adalah kalimat yang kita laporkan kepada orang lain secara tidak langsung dan tanpa diberi koma. Contoh: Reporting verb: Tono says, Reported words ”I’m very good at English” Tense yang harus kita perhatikan dalam pola ini yaitu: Direct Speech: Simple Present Tense Present Continuous Tense Present Perfect Tense Present Perfect Continuous Tense Simple Past Tense Simple Future Tense Future Continouos Tense Conditional Indirect Speech: Simple Past Tense Past Continuous Tense Past Perfect Tense Past Perfect Continuous Tense Past Perfect Tense Past Future Tense/Conditional Past Future Continuous Tense (Conditional Continuous) Conditional Kalau reported speech berhubungan dengan kebenaran umum atau fakta yang sudah menjadi kebiasaan, present indefinite atau simple present dalam reported speech tidak diubah ke dalam bentuk lampau yang sesuai, melainkan tetap persis sebagaimana adanya, Contoh : He said, “The sun rises in the east” → He said that the sun rises in the east. PERUBAHAN ADVERB OF TIME (KETERANGAN WAKTU) YANG PERLU DIPERHATIKAN: Direct : Indirect : Now → Then Today → That day Tonight → That night This week → That week Yesterday → The day before The day before yesterday → Two days before Last night → The night before Last week/year → The previous week/year A year ago → A year before/The previous year Three years ago → Three years before Tomorrow → The next day/The following day The day after tomorrow → In two day’s time/The following day Next week/year → The following week/year On Sunday → On Sunday Here → There This book → The book This → That These → Those Over there → Over there *etc. PERUBAHAN-PERUBAHAN AUXILIARIES (KATA BANTU) YANG HARUS DIPERHATIKAN: Can → Could May → Might Might → Might Must → Would have to (kegiatan yang akan datang)/had to (keharusan yang biasa) *etc. Contoh: The man said, “I must mend the wall next week” The man said that he would have to mend the wall the following week. Pria itu mengatakan bahwa dia harus memperbaiki dinding minggu berikutnya. The girl said, ” I must wash my hands before eating” The girl said that she had to wash her hands before eating. Gadis itu berkata bahwa dia harus mencuci tangannya sebelum makan. *etc. Direct and Indirect Speech ada 3 macam: 1. Statement (Pernyataan) yang menggunakan “that” He said, “we will go to Singapore tomorrow” He said that they would go to Singapore the next day. Bob said, ” I’m a university student” Bob said that he was a university student. 2. Command (Perintah) menambahkan kata “to” sebagai penghubung kalimat melaporkan dengan yang dilaporkan. “not to” dalam perintah negatif. He told me, “wait for me !” He told me to wait for him. She told me, “don’t cheat anymore !” She told me not to cheat anymore. 3. Question (Pertanyaan) jika kalimat dari jenis “yes or no question”, maka bentuk laporannya menggunakan if atau whether. Ina asked me, “Do you really love me?” Ina asked me if/whether I really loved her. Mixed type: Contoh: Anton asked me, “what’s happening to you ? You look so pale” Anton asked me what was happening to me as I looked so pale. Catatan: Past Tense kadang-kadang tidak berubah dalam percakapan. EXAMPLE DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH : 1. D : She says to her friend, “ I have been reading “ I : She says to her friend that he has been reading 2. D : He will say, “ The girl wasn’t ugly “ I : He will tell them that the girl wasn’t ugly 3. D : Reza said, “ I’m very sleepy “ I : Reza said that he was very sleepy 4. D : He has told you, “ I am writing “ I : He has told you that he is writing 5. D : Mother said to her son, “ study hard “ I : Mothe advised her son to study hard 6. D : My friend said to me, “ I don’t like football “ I : My friend said to me that he didn’t like football 7. D : She said, “ I didn’t go to campus I : She said that she hadn’t gone to campus this morning 8. D : Rikza says, “ I have seen that movies “ I : Rikza says that she has seen that movies 9. D : Mother asked her, “ Don’t go there alone “ I : Mother asked her not to go there alone 10. D : Father asked robi, “ Don’t smoke too much “ I : Father asked robi not to smoke too much Selain beberapa perbedaan diatas, pada kalimat direct dan indirect juga terdapat beberapa perbedaan lainnya yaitu, perubahan Tenses dalam direct ke indirect speech misalnya pada saat kalimat langsung (direct) menggunakan tenses dalam bentuk present maka pada kalimat tak langsung (indirect) menggunakan tenses dalam bentuk past. Perubahan bentuk tenses tersebut dapat dilihat pada tabel berikut ini: Contoh kalimat untuk perubahan tenses nya seperti dibawah ini: 1. Perubahan tenses dari bentuk Simple Present Tense ke Simple Past Tense Direct: He said, “I buy a camera.” Indirect : He said that he bought a camera. 2. Perubahan tenses dari bentuk Present Continuous Tense ke Past Continuous Tense Direct : He said, “I am buying a camera.” Indirect : He said that he was buying a camera. 3. Perubahan tenses dari bentuk Present Perfect Tense ke Past Perfect Tense Direct: He said, “I have bought a camera.” Indirect : He said that he had bought a camera. 4. Perubahan tenses dari Present Perfect Continuous Tense ke Past Perfect Continuous Tense Direct : He said, “I have been buying a camera today.” Indirect : He said that he had been buying a camera that day. 5. Perubahan tenses dari bentuk Simple Past Tense ke Past Perfect Tense Direct : He said, “I bought a camera.” Indirect : He said that he had bought a camera. 6. Perubahan tenses dari bentuk Simple Future Tense ke Past Future Tense Direct : He said, “I will buy a camera.” Indirect :He said that he would buy a camera. 7. Perubahan tenses dari bentuk Future Continuous Tense ke Past Future Continuous Tense Direct : He said, “I will be buying a camera.” Indirect :He said that he would be buying a camera. Selain perubahan tenses yang terjadi pada kalimat Direct dan Indirect, terjadi beberapa perubahan lainnya juga seperti perubahan waktu (Change in time/ adverb) dan perubahan kata ganti benda/orang (Change in Pronoun). Perubahan tersebut dapat dilihat pada able dibawah ini: C. PENGGUNAAN DAN CONTOH DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH Berdasarkan untuk penggunaan kalimat langsung (Direct) dan tak langsung (Indirect), dibagi ke dalam 3 jenis yaitu: 1. Command dan Prohabitition (Perintah dan Larangan) Kalimat perintah atau kalimat larangan harus ditambahkan kata “to” sebelum kalimat yang ingin disampaikan. Contoh : a. Kalimat perintah Direct speech: Nora asked me, “Close the window.” Indirect speech : Nora asked me to close the window. b. Kalimat larangan Direct speech : Nora asked me, “Don’t close the window.” Indirect speech : Nora asked me not to close the window. 2. Statement (Pernyataan) Pada kalimat pernyataan digunakan kata penghubung “that” sebelum kalimat yang ingin disampaikan. Contoh: Direct speech : Widya told to me, “I will help you.” Indirect speech : Widya told to me that she would to help me. 3. Question (Pertanyaan) Pada kalimat tanya juga menggunakan kata penghubung yaitu berupa kata tanya (sepertiwhat, who, when, why, how) sebelum kalimat yang ingin disampaikan. Contoh: Direct speech : Rania asked me, “Where are you now?” Indirect speech : Rania asked me where I am. Penjelasan Direct dan Indirect Speech Beserta Rumus dan Contoh Kalimatnya By ubayPosted on July 14, 2016 Direct speech ( kalimat langsung ) ialah kata-kata kalimat yang di ucapkan langsung oleh si pembicara. Indirect speech ( kalimat tak langsung ) ialah kalimat yang di ucapkan untuk melaporkan kata-kata si pembicara kepada orang lain. jadi indirect speech ( reported speech) di gunakan bila kita ingin melaporkan kata – kata seseorang kepada orang lain secara tak langsung. Direct & indirect speech terdiri dari 3 jenis : 1. Statement ( pernyataan ) 2. Command ( Perintah ) 3. Question ( Pertanyaan ) Penjelasan Direct dan Indirect Speech Beserta Rumus dan Contoh Kalimatnya Perubahan-perubahan yang perlu dari Direct ke Indirect Speech 1. To be & Auxiliary Verb Direct Indirect – am / is / are – was / were – shall / will – should / would – can – could – may – might -must, have / has to, ought to – had to 2. Time & place ( keterangan waktu dan tempat ) Direct Indirect – Now -Then – tomorrow – the following day – next week – the following week – tonight – that night – today – that day – yesterday – the day before – last night – the night before – last week – the week before / the previous week – here – there – this – that – these – those 3. Tenses Direct Indirect – Simple present – Simple past – Simple past / present perfect – Past perfect – Present continuous – Past continuous – Present perfect continuous – Past perfect continuous – Simple future – Past future STATEMENT ( Pernyataan ) Dalam indirect statement, kita menggunakan kata that ( = bahwa ) sebagai penghubung antara kalimat pengantar ( introductory phrase ) dan kata-kata yang di laporkan ( reported words). kalimat – kalimat pengantar dalam Indirect statement ialah : subject + said/said to/told + that + Reported words e.g * Mary told her friend : “I have been to Bali twice. “ ( Direct speech ) – Mary told her friends that she had been to Bali twice. ( Indirect speech ) * Father said : “ I am going out of town tomorrow” . ( direct speech ) – Father said that he was going out of town the following day. ( Indirect speech ) * Mary told john : “ My father warned me last night “. ( Direct speech ) – Mary told John that her father had warned her the night before. ( Indirect speech ) * My sister said to me : “ I don’t like tennis” . ( Direct speech ) – My sister said to me that she didn’t like tennis. ( Indirect speech ) * Tom said : “ I didn’t go to school this morning “. ( Direct speech ) – Tom said that he hadn’t gone to school that morning. ( Indirect speech ) Apabila kalimat pengantarnya dalam bentuk simple present tense, maka kalimat yang di laporkan tidak mengalami perubahan e.g * John says : “ I will go to Bandung tomorrow “. ( Direct speech ) ( John berkata : “ Saya akan pergi ke bandung besok ) – John says that he will go to Bandung tomorrow. ( Indirect speech ) ( John berkata bahwa dia akan pergi ke Bandung besok ) * My Brother says: “I don’t like English”. ( Direct speech ) ( Kakak ku berkata : “ Saya tidak suka bahasa Inggris ) – My Brother says that he doesn’t like English. ( Indirect speech ) ( Kakak ku berkata bahwa dia tidak suka bahasa inggris ) COMMAND ( Perintah ) Command di bagi dalam 2 bagian yaitu : 1. Positive Command 2. Negative Command 1. Positive Command Dalam perintah positif kita tambahkan to di depan kalimat perintahnya, sebagai penghubung antara kalimat pengantar dan perintah yang di laporkan, kalimat- kalimat pengantar dalam jenis ini ialah : Subject + asked/told + to + infinitive e.g * He asked me : “ Open your book “. ( Direct speech ) ( Dia meminta saya : “ buka bukumu “.) – He asked me to open my book. ( Indirect speech ) ( Dia MEminta saya untuk membuka buku saya ) * Mary told John : “ wait until I come”. ( direct speech ) ( Mary Memberi tahu John : “ Tunggu sampai saya datang “) – Mary told John to wait until she come. ( Indirect speech ) ( Mary member tahu John untuk menunggu sampai dia datang ) 2. Negative Command Dalam perintah negative kita tambahkan not to di depan perintah yang di laporkan e.g * Syifa told Syamil : “ Don’t wait for me” ( Direct speech ) ( Syifa member tahu Syamil : “ Jangan tunggu saya “ ) – Syifa told Syamil not to wait for her. ( Indirect speech ) ( Syifa Memberi tahu Syamil Untuk tidak menunggunya ) * Father asked her : “ Don’t go there alone” ( Direct speech ) ( Ayah meminta dia : “ Jangan pergi kesana sendiri ) – Father asked her not to go there alone. ( Indirect speech ) ( Ayah meminta dia untuk tidak pergi kesna sendiri ) QUESTION ( Pertanyaan ) Bila kita bertanya langsung ( Direct question ) kita menggunakan kata-kata : where, when, why, what, who, how, dll. maka kata- kata tersebut di gunakan sebagai penghubung dalam reported speech, Pertanyaan yang di laporkan berubah menjadi bentuk ppositif. kalimat pengantarnya ialah : Subject + where/when/etc + asked + Positive Form e.g * The man asked me : “ Where do youlive ? “. ( Direct speech ) ( Seorang lelaki bertanya kepada saya : “dimana kamu tinggal ?“.) – The man asked me where I live. ( Indirect speech ) ( Seorang lelaki bertanya kepada saya dimana saya tinggal ) * Mary asked John : “ why do you get angry with me?”. ( direct speech ) ( Mary bertanya pada John : “ mengapa kamu marah kepada ku ?? “) – Mary asked John why he got angry with her . ( Indirect speech ) ( Mary bertanya kepada John mengapa dia marah kepadanya ) Bila pertanyaan langsung tidak menggunakan kata-kata Tanya, dan hanya merupakan kata- kata Tanya dalam bentuk ” yes & No question “, maka kita menggunakan kata- k ata if, whether (= jika, apakah) sebagai penghubung antara kalimat pengantar dan pertanyaan yang di laporkan. e.g * The boy asked John : “ Does mary live near here ?” ( Direct speech ) ( anak lelaki itu bertanya pada John : “ Apakah Mary tinggal dekat sini ? “ ) – The boy asked John if mary lived near there ?. ( Indirect speech ) ( Anak lelaki itu bertanya pada John apakah Mary tinggal di dekat sana ?) Note : Baik if maupun whether dapat di gunakan bergantian. REPORTED SPEECH / MIXED TYPE ( Jenis Gabungan ) Bila pertanyaan dan pertanyaan di gabung dalam Reported Speech maka kita menggunakan kata as (= karena ) sebagai penghubung pada bagian kalimatpernyataan yang di laporkan, dalam hal kalimat pernyataan tersebut di laporkan kemudian. perhatikanlah contoh – contoh berikut : e.g * She asked me : “ What is the time? my whatch has stopped “. ( Direct speech ) ( Dia bertanya pada saya : “ Jam berapa sekarang ? jam saya mati“.) – She asked me what the time was as her watch had stopped. ( Indirect speech ) ( Dia bertanya pada saya jam berapa sekarang karena jam dia mati ) * Mary asked John : “ what is the matter with you? you don’t look well”. ( direct speech ) ( Mary bertanya pada John : “ Ada apa denganmu ? kamu terlihat tidak baik ? “) – Mary asked John what the matter was with him as he didn’t look well. ( Indirect speech ) ( Mary bertanya kepada John ada apa dengan dia karena dia kelihatan tidak baik ) Bila dalam pernyataan langsung di sertai dengan jawaban Yes dan No, maka kita menggunakan kata But sebagai penghubung untuk jawaban No, dan kata And sebagai penghubung kata Yes. e.g * She asked me : “ Will you go out with me? “ No, I won’t “. ( Direct speech ) ( Dia bertanya pada saya : “ maukah kamu pergi bersama saya ? tidak, saya tidak mau“.) – She asked me if I would go out with her but I said I wouldn’t . ( Indirect speech ) ( Dia bertanya pada saya apakah saya mau pergi bersamanya tetapi saya bilang saya tidak mau ) * Mary asked John : “ Did you phone me last night ? yes, I did”. ( direct speech ) ( Mary bertanya pada John : “ Apakah kamu menelponku tadi malam? ya, saya menelponmu “) – Mary asked John if he had phoned her the night before and he said he had. ( Indirect speech ) ( Mary bertanya kepada John apakah dia menelponnya tadi malam dan dia berkata dia telah melakukanya ) Direct & indirect with auxiliaries Perhatikan perubahan- perubahan yang perlu dari Auxiliaries berikut : Direct Indirect was / were – Had been can – could may – might must & have to – had to must not – wasn’t to/ mustn’t needn’t – didn’t have to e.g * Mary said : “ I was sick yesterday “. ( Direct speech ) ( Mary berkata : “ saya sakit kemarin “.) – Mary said that she had been sick the day before. ( Indirect speech ) ( Mary berkata bahwa dia telah sakit kemarin) * The man asked me : “ Can you speak English ? ”. ( direct speech ) ( Seorang lelaki bertanya padaku : “ Apakah kamu bisa berbicara bahasa inggris? “) – The man asked me if I could speak English. ( Indirect speech ) ( Seorang lelaki bertanya padaku apakah aku dapat berbicara bahasa inggris ? ) * Mary said to john : “ You may come to my house tomorrow “. ( Direct speech ) ( Mary berkata kepada John : “ kamu bisa datang ke rumahku besok “.) – Mary said to John that he might come to her house the following day . ( Indirect speech ) ( Mary berkata kepada John bahwa dia bisa datang ke rumahnya besok ) * Mother told John : “ You must study harder if you want to pass the exam ? ”. ( direct speech ) ( Ibu berkata kepada John : “ Kamu harus belajar sungguh – sungguh jika ingin lulus ujian “) – Mother Told John that he had to study harder if he wanted to pass the exam. ( Indirect speech ) ( Ibu berkata pada John bahwa dia harus belajar dengan sungguh- sungguh jika dia ingin lulus ujian ) * The teacher told them : “ You needn’t hurry“. ( Direct speech ) ( Guru berkata kepada mereka : “ Kalian tidak perlu tergesa- gesa “.) – The teacher told them that they didn’t have to hurry. ( Indirect speech ) ( Guru berkata kepada mereka bahwa mereka tidak perlu tergesa- gesa ) Maret 30, 2015 DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH (KALIMAT LANGSUNG DAN KALIMAT TIDAK LANGSUNG) A. THE MEANING OF DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH (PENGERTIAN KALIMAT LANGSUNG DAN TIDAK LANGSUNG) Kalimat langsung ( direct speech ) adalah sebuah kalimat langsung yang diucapkan oleh pembicara atau kutipan asli suatu pembicaraan tanpa adanya perubahan. Pada dasarnya kalimat langsung ( direct speech ) disusun dari 2 bagian yaitu kata kerja yang memberitahukan ( reporting verb ) dan kata kata yang diberitaukan ( reported words ) Contoh : Reporting verb My uncle said Pamanku berkata, Reported words “we will go to europe in the next summer” “kita akan pergi ke eropa musim panas depan” Catatan : Antara reporting verb dengan reported word biasanya dipisahkan dengan tanda koma ( , ) Reported words ditulis dalam tanda kutip ( “ “ ) Posisi reporting verb tidak harus selalu berada di depan, tetapi bisa juga diletakkan dibelakang setelah reported words. Contoh : Reported word “I want to share my experience to you” “Aku ingin membagi pengalamanku padamu” Reporting verb said my grandfather kata kakekku B. THE KINDS OF DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH ( JENIS JENIS KALIMAT LANGSUNG DAN KALIMAT TIDAK LANGSUNG Berdasarkan reported word-nya, maka kalimat langsung ( direct speech ) dan kalimat tidak langsung ( indirect speech ) dibagi menjadi 3 jenis, yaitu : 1. Pernyataan ( statement ) 2. Perintah / permintaan / (imperative / command / reguest ) 3. Pernyataan ( intrrogative / question ) Berikut ini penjelasan lebih lengkapnya tentang 3 jenis kalimat langsung ( direct speech ) dan kalimat tidak langsung ( indirect speech ) 1) PERNYATAAN ( STATEMENT ) Untuk memahami perubahan bentuk dari kalimat langsung ( direct speech ) menjadi kalimat tidak langsung ( indirect speech ) dalam pola kalimat pernyataan ( statement ) maka kita perlu memahami beberapa perubahan seperti di bawah ini : a. Perubahan pronoun dan possessive adjective Direct speech Indirech speech I He / She You Me / He / She / Them / I / Him / Her My His / Her Our Their / Our Your My / His / Her b. Perubahan keterangan waktu dan tempat Direct speech Indirect Speech Now Then Today That day Tomorrow The next day The day after The following day A day later Next... The... after The following... The...before The previous... The preceeding... ...ago ...before Yesterday The day before The previous day The preceeding day The day before yesterday Two days before Here There This That These Those c. Perubahan tenses Direct speech Indirect speech Simple present tense Simple past tense Present continuous tense Past continuous tense Present perfect tense Past perfectntense Present perfect continuous tense Past perfect continuous tense Simple past Past perfect tense Past cintinuous tense Past perfect continuous tense Past perfect tense Past perfect tense Past perfect continuous tense Past perfect continuous tense Simple future Past future tense Future continuous tense Past future continuous tense Future perfect tense Past future perfect tense Future perfect continuous tense Past future perfect continuous tense Catatan : Apabila kalimat pernyataan ( statement ) yang diungkapkan berkaitan dengan fakta / kebenaran umum seperti fenomena alam, maka tidak ada perubahan bentuk tenses dan tetap menggunakan pola simple present tense. Contoh : Direct : - My teacher said, “ Water boils at 100 degree celcius.” Guruku berkata, “Air mendidih pada suhu 100 derajat celcius.” Indirect - My teacher said that water boils at 100 degree celcius. Guruku berkata bahwa air mendidih pada suhu 100 derajat celcius. Bukan : My teacher said that water boiled at 100 degree celcius. Jika Kalimat pernyataan ( statemen ) menggunakan kata “must” maka harus diubah menjadi “had to” untuk konteks present, dan “would have to” untuk konteks past. Contoh : Direct : - He said, “I must go now”. Dia berkata, “Aku harus pergi sekarang”. Indirect : - He said that he had to go now Dia berkata bahwa dia harus pergi sekarang. Jika kalimat pernyataan (statement) menyatakan hal-hal yangbersifat kekaguman, keheranan, atau seruan(exclamation), maka ungkapan “what” atau “how” yang biasa digunakan menjadi hilang. Contoh : Direct - She said, “What a good football player Rooney is” Dia berkata , “Betapa bagusnya Rooney sebagai sebagai pemain bola” Indirect : - She said that rooney was good football player. Dia berkata bahwa rooney adalah pemain sepakbola yang bagus. Sementara bentuk kalimat seruan yang lain dengan tanpa menggunakan ungkapan “what” atau “now” maka perubahannya cukup mengikuti perubahan pola tenses seperti biasanya. Contoh Direct : - My best friend said to me, “Congratulations!” Teman terbaikku berkata padaku, “selamat” Indirect : - My best friend congratulations me Teman terbaikku memberikan selamat padaku Indirect : - They thanked us Mereka berterima kasih kepada kami Selanjutnya mari kita lihat beberapa contoh perubahan kalimat langsung (direct speech) menjadi kalimat tidak langsung (indirect speech) dalam bentuk pernyataan (statement) : Direct : - The teacher says, “ I am proud to all of the students in this school”. Guru berkata, “Aku bangga pada semua siswa di sekolah ini”. Indirect : - The teacher says that he is proud to all of the students in this school”. Guru berkata bahwa dia bangga pada semua siswa di sekolah ini”. Direct : - My brother said, “ I am doing my homework now”. Kakakku berkata, “aku sedang mengerjakan PR ku sekarang”. Indirect : - My brother said that he was doing his homework then”. Kakakku berkata bahwa dia sedang mengerjakan PR nya sekarang. Direct : - He said “ I have been listening to the radio since this morning”. Dia berkata, “ Aku sudah sedang mendengarkan radio sejak tadi pagi”. Indirect : - He said that he had been listening to the radio since that morning. Dia berkata bahwa dia sudah sedang mendengarkan radio sejak tadi pagi. Direct : - The reporter said, “ The president will take a crucial decision tomorrow”. Reporter berkata, “ President will take a crucial decision tomorrow”. Indirect : - The reporter said that the president would take a crucial decision the following day Reporter berkata bahwa presiden akan mengambil keputusan krusial besok. Direct : - My mother said, “ These flowers come from my grandfather hometown”. Ibuku berkata, “Bunga-bunga ini berasal dari kampung halaman kakekku”. Indirect : - My mother said that those flowers came from her grandfather hometown. Ibuku berkata bahwa bunga-bunga ini berasal dari kampung halaman kakeknya. 2) PERINTAH / PERMINTAAN (IMPERATIVE/COMMAND/REQUEST) Untuk memahami perubahan bentuk dari kalimat langsung ( direct speech ) menjadi kalimat tidak langsung ( indirect speech ) dalam pola kalimat perintah/permintaan (imperative / command / request ) maka kita perlu memahami beberapa hal seperti di bawah ini : kalimat langsung yang menggunakan reporting verb seperti say / said atau tell/told biasanya diubah menjadi ask/asked, command/commanded, beg/begged, order/ordered. Advise / advised, suggest / suggested, atau warn /warned. Untuk kalimat perintah / permintaan yang berbentuk kalimat positif maka digunakan pola “ to inifinitive ( to + V1 atau to + be + adjecttive / noun)”. Contoh : Direct : - My father told me, “ Study hard “ Ayahku berkata padaku, “ belajarlah dengan giat “ Indirect : - My father asked me study hard. Ayahku bekata padaku untuk belajar dengan giat. Direct : - My grandmother said to me, “ Be nice and generous”. Nenekku berkata kepadaku, “ Jadilah orang yang baik dan murah hati”. Indirect : - My grandmother said to me to be nice and generous”. Nenekku berkata kepadaku untuk menjadi orang yang baik dan murah hati. Untuk kalimat perintah / permintaan yang berbentuk kalimat negatif maka digunakan pola “ not + to infinitive ( to + V1 )”. Contoh : Direct : - The preacher said to us, “ don’t lie “. Penceramah berkata kepada kami, “ jangan suka brbohong”. Indirect : - The preacher commanded us not lie. Penceramah memerintahkan kami untuk tidak suka berbohong. Direct : - My father said to my brother, “ don’t be lazy “ Ayahku berkata pada saudara laki-lakiku, “ jangan malas “. Indirect : - My father said to my brother not to be lazy. Ayahku berkata pada saudara laki-lakiku agar jangan malas. Untuk kalimat yang bersifat ajakan yang biasanya menggunakan kata “ Let’s “ maka kata “ Let’s “ tersebut dihilangkan. Contoh : Direct : - He said, “ Let’s go to the beach!”. Dia berkata, “ mari kita pergi ke pantai “ Indirect : - He suggested that we should go to the beach. Dia menyanrankan agar kita pergi ke pantai. Atau bisa juga dengan pola dibawah ini : Indirect : - He suggested going to the beach. Dia menyarankan pergi ke pantai. 3) PERNYATAAN ( INTERROGATIVE / QUESTION ) Untuk memahami perubahan bentuk dari kalimat langsung ( direct speech ) menjadi kalimat tidak langsung ( indirect speech ) dalam pola kalimat pernyataan ( interrogative / question ) maka kita perlu memahami beberapa hal seperti dibawah ini : Untuk pernyataan yang menggunakan pola “ 5W=1H ” ( what, who, where, when, why, how ) maka pola tersebut tetap dipakai, dan selanjutnya susunan kalimat tanya diubah menjadi kalimat pernyataan ( statement ) sesuai dengan perubahan pola tenses yang berlaku. Contoh : Direct : - The boy asks me, “ what is your name? “ Anak laki-laki itu bertnya kepada ku, “ siapa namamu? “. Indirect : - The boy asked me what my name was. Anak laki-laki itu bertanya siapakah namaku. Direct : - He said, “ What did you do last night? “. Dia berkata, “ Apa yang kamu kerjakan semalam? ”. Indirect : - He asked what I had done the night before. Dia bertanya apa yang telah aku kerjakan semalam. Direct : - They asked, “ Where have you been? ”. Mereka bertanya, “ Dari mana saja kamu? “. Indirect : - They asked where I had been. Mereka bertanya dari mana saja kamu. Untuk pertanyaan menggunakan pola “ Yes or No “ ( tanpa 5W+1H ) maka digunakan kata “If” atau “ Whether ”, dan selanjutnya susunan kalimat tanya diubah menjadi kalimat pernyataan ( statement ) sesuai dengan perubahan pola tenses yang berlaku. Contoh : Direct : - I asked my nephew, “ Are you happy? ”. Aku bertanya pada keponakan laki-lakiku, “ apakah kamu gembira? “. Indirect : - I asked my nephew wheather he was happy. Aku bertanya pada keponakan laki-lakiku apakah dia gembira. Direct : - Carlos asked me, “ Do you know this address?”. Carlos bertanya padaku, “ Apakah kamu tahu alamat ini? “. Indirect : - Carlos asked me if I knew that address. Carlos bertanya padaku apakah aku tahu alamat itu. Direct : - I asked her, “ Will you join the english debate club? “. Aku bertanya kepadanya, “ Apakah kamu akan bergabung dengan klub debat bahasa inggris? “. Indirect : - I asked her whether she would join the English Debate club. Aku bertanya padanya apakah dia akan bergabung dengan klub debat bahasa inggris. CONTOH SOAL 1. Teacher Said “Water boils at 100 degree celcius” (General Truth) A. My teacher said water was boils at 100 degree celcius B. My teacher said water boils at 100 degree celcius (General Truth) C. My teacher said water is boiling at 100 degree celcius 2. Riza said “Edom watchs football match” (Simple Present Tense) A. He said Edom watched football match (Simple Past Tense) B. He said edom is watching football match C. He said edom watchs football match 3. Riza told me “You buy a english book” (Simple Present Tense) A. Riza told me He bought a english book (Simple Past Tense) B. He told me He buys a english book C. He told me He is buying a english book 4. Edom said “You take my english book” (Simple Present Tense) A. Edom said you take my english book B. Edom said she took my english book (Simple Past Tense) C. Edom said she take my english book 5. “He is listening a music” (Simple Continous Tense) A. He was listening a music (Past Continous Tense) B. He listens a music C. He is listening a music 6. “I am buying a english book in Gramedia” (Simple Continous Tense) A. He buy a english book in Gramedia B. He is buying a english book in Gramedia C. He was buying a english book in Gramedia (Past Continous Tense) 7. “You are sleeping in badroom” (Simple Continous Tense) A. He is sleeping in badroom B. He was sleeping in badroom (Past Continous Tense) C. He sleeps in badroom 8. “I am washing my car” (Simple Continous Tense) A. He was washing his car (Past Continous Tense) B. He washs his car C. He is washing his car 9. “Edom played football” (Simple Past Tense) A. Edom plays football B. Edom is playing football C. Edom had played football (Past Perfect Tense) 10. “Riza bought a cake.” (Simple Past Tense) A. He is buying a cake B. He had bought a cake (Past Perfect Tense) C. He buys a cake 11. “My mother bought a jewellery.” (Simple Past Tense) A. Her mother had bought a jewellry (Past Perfect Tense) B. Her mother bought a jewellry C. Her mother is buying a jewellry 12. “My Father have watched football match.” (Simple Past Tense) A. Her Father watchs football match B. Her Father is watching football match C. Her Father had watched football match (Past Perfect Tense) 13. “My sister was reading a novel.” (Past Continous Tense) A. Her sister had been reading a novel (Perfect Continous Tense) B. Her sister reads a novel C. Her sister had read a novel 14. “My brother was inviting to the party.” (Past Continous Tense) A. Her brother was invited to the party B. Her brother is inviting to the party C. Her brother had been invited to the party (Perfect Continous Tense) 15. “My sister was reading english book.” (Past Continous Tense) A. Her sister had read english book B. Her sister had been read english book (Perfect Continous Tense) C. Her sister reads english book 16. “You will watch my football match.” (Simple Future Tense) A. She would watch his football match (Past Future Tense) B. She will watch his football match C. She is watchs his football match 17. “I will write a letter.” (Simple Future Tense) A. She is writing a letter B. She would write a letter (Simple Past Future Tense) C. She writes a letter 18. “You will play for my club.” (Simple Future Tense) A. He plays for his club B. He is playing for his clun C. He would play for his club (Simple Past Future Tense) 19. “I will dance for my hobby.” (Simple Future Tense) A. I would dance for my hobby B. She would dance for her hobby (Simple Past Future Tense) C. She is dancing for her hobby 20. “He will be playing hard for this match.” (Future Continous Tense) A. He would have been playing hard for this match (Past Continous Tense) B. He would had been playing hard for this match C. He is playing hard for this match VERB & VERBAL Reported Speech Soal Reported Speech Pengertian Reported Speech Reported speech atau indirect speech adalah suatu cara mengungkapkan apa yang orang lain (speaker) telah katakan secara langsung (direct/quoted speech) berupa pernyataan, pertanyaan, atau ucapan lainnya dengan mengubah format pembicaraan tersebut sehingga menjadi lebih jelas, alami, dan efisien bagi pendengarnya. Logikanya, seorang penyampai berita tidak melaporkan persis setiap kata yang diucapkan oleh seseorang. Direct speech yang diubah menjadi reported speech tersebut dapat berupa statement (pernyataan), imperative [comma nd (perintah), invitation (undangan), request(permi ntaan)], yes/no question(pertanyaan), maupun information question (pertanyaan akan informasi). Lihat juga: Direct Speech Indirect Question Indirect Object Yes-No Question If/Whether Imperative Wh- Question Contoh: Reporting Contoh Kalimat Direct Speech Conto “I’m not hungry now.” Statement (Saya tidak lapar sekarang.) He said tha “Do not touch my computer!” Imperative (Jangan sentuh komputerku!) She told m “Did you eat my cake?” Yes-no question (Apakah kamu makan kueku?) She wanted Information “Who is the winner?” question (Siapa pemenangnya?) He asked m Cara Mengubah Direct Menjadi Reported Speech Pada dasarnya, direct speech diubah menjadi reported speech dengan menghilangkan tanda baca kutip, menghilangkan huruf kapital didalam kalimat, menambahkan that(optional), mengubah pronoun (menjadi orang ketiga), memodifikasi verb, mengoreksi time reference (waktu yang disebutkan dalam pembicaraan) dan/atau menambahkan whether atau if . Berikut adalah beberapa penjelasannya . Time References Perbandingan time references pada direct dan reported speech adalah sebagai berikut. Direct Speech Rep here there the month/year before last month/year the preceding month/y the previous month/ye next month/year a month/year later the following month/y the next month/year now at that time then today that day tomorrow a day later the following/next day yesterday the day before the previous day two days/weeks ago two days/weeks befor two days/weeks earlie Contoh perubahan time reference: Contoh Kalimat Direct Speech Contoh Kali “Will I receive the packet tomorrow?” (Akankah saya menerima paket tsb besok?) He asked if he would rec “I have to return the book two days ago.” (Saya harus mengembalikan buku tsb dua hari lalu.) She said that she had to r Menambahkan whether atau if Whether atau if ditambahkan untuk menyampaikan kalimatyes-no question yang telah didengar sebelumnya. Yes-no question merupakan bentuk pertanyaan yang membutuhkan jawaban yes atau no. Contoh: Contoh Kalimat Reported Contoh Direct Speech Speech “Do you have a little He asked me if I had a little Jawab time?” time. speech (Apa kamu punya sedikit waktu?) “Have you heard the news?” (Sudahkah kamu She wanted to know whether I Jawab mendengar berita tsb?) had heard the news. speech Modifikasi Verb pada Reported Speech Modifikasi pada verb dari direct menjadi reported speech dapat berupa mengubah verb menjadi infinitive. Perubah an ini diaplikasikan pada reporting imperative (command). Selain itu, umumnya verb tense (present atau future, termasuk modal) diubah menjadi bentuk past. Misalnya, direct speech: present tense, maka reported speech-nya: past tense. Berikut detailnya. Direct Speech present tense past tense present continuous past continu present perfect past perfect future (am/is/are going to) was/were goi past tense past perfect past continuous past perfect will would must, have to had to may (permission) could, might shall should (ask f may (possibility) might can could Contoh perubahan verb (dan modal): Contoh Direct Speech Contoh Reported He told that he had cleaned my room (Dia mengatakan bahwa dia telah m “I have cleaned your room.” Keterangan: (Saya telah membersihkan ruanganmu.) have cleaned= present perfect had cleaned= past perfect She asked if she could go to the bath (Dia bertanya apakah dia dapat perg “May I go to the bathroom?” Keterangan: (Bolehkah saya pergi ke kamar mandi?) may= modal (present) could= modal (past) Reporting Contoh Direct – Indirect “I’m so happy.” (Saya sangat bahagia.) Indirect speech: She told me that she was so happy. Statement (Dia mengatakan padaku bahwa dia sangat bahagia.) Keterangan: Pronoun: subjek “I” menjadi “she” (orang ketiga Verb: am (present tense) menjadi was (past ten diasumsikan dia sudah tidak terlihat sangat bahag “Please reconsider my proposal.” (Tolong pertimbangkan kembali proposal saya.) Imperative Indirect speech: He requested that I reconsider his proposal. (Dia meminta saya mempertimbangkan kembali prop Keterangan: Pronoun: my menjadi his (orang ketiga); Verb: tidak berubah (misalnya) karena diasumsik langsung menyampaikan perkataan tersebut atau masih berlaku. “Don’t be afraid.” (Jangan takut.) Indirect speech: She told me not to be afraid. (Dia mengatakan pada saya untuk tidak takut.) Keterangan: Verb: menjadi infinitive pada reporting command. “Can I put my bag here?” (Dapatkan saya meletakkan tas saya disini?) Yes-no question Indirect speech: He asked if he could put his bag there. (Dia bertanya apakah ia bisa meletakkan tasnya disan Keterangan: Verb: can menjadi could (misalnya) karena penya bahwa pembicaraan itu merupakan past conversa Time reference: here berubah menjadi there; if: ditambahkan pada yes-no question. “Will you forgive me?” (Maukah kamu memaafkanku?) Indirect speech: He asked if I would forgive him. (Dia bertanya apakah saya akan memaafkannya.) Keterangan: Verb: will menjadi would (misalnya) karena penyam memaafkanspeaker. “What‘s your choice?” Information (Apa pilihanmu?) question Indirect speech: She wanted to know what my choice is. (Dia ingin tau apa pilihanku.) Keterangan: Verb: tetap is misalnya karena penyampai berita mas belum memutuskan apa pilihannya. Pages: 123 Table of Contents: 1. Reported Speech (Introduction) 2. Beberapa Kasus Khusus pada Reported Speech 3. Contoh Kombinasi Perubahan Direct menjadi Reported Speech Exercises: Soal Direct – Indirect Speech Related Posts: Direct Speech Tenses Imperative Statement Yes-No Question
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