EXAM FORM A KEYPSC 001 (2) - Spring 2012; Midterm 2 May 2, 2012 INSTRUCTIONS: There are 35 questions on this exam. Please choose the best answer to each question. Write your name, and student ID number, and the exam form on the Scantron. Please turn in your Scantron and your paper copy of the exam after you finish. You have 50 minutes to complete your exam. GOOD LUCK! 1. Watson and Rayner made a loud noise behind Little Albert’s head by striking a steel bar with a hammer and watched as Albert jumped and fell sideways on the mattress on which he was sitting. Albert’s reaction of fear, when he heard the noise, served as the _______________ in their study. a. conditioned response b. latent response c. counterconditioned response d. unconditioned response 2. After Barry learns to fear spiders, he also responds with fear to ants and beetles. This is an example of: a. stimulus generalization. b. counterconditioning. c. spontaneous recovery. d. operant conditioning. 3. When we say that biological rhythms are endogenous, we mean that: a. they are generated by an internal biological clock. b. they are influenced by our environment. c. they are produced by our heart’s rhythm. d. they are determined by an individual’s experience and therefore vary from person to person. 4. In classical conditioning, the responses involved tend to be _______________, but in operant conditioning they are _______________. a. complex and not reflexive; reflexive b. emitted; automatic c. reflexive; complex and not reflexive d. secondary reinforcers; primary reinforcers 5. In an experiment at a daycare center, a young man read a story to preschoolers and gave them a treat. A week later, an experimenter asked the children in Group 1 leading questions about aggressive acts that never occurred (Did he throw a crayon at a child?). She asked the children in Group 2 leading questions but also used influence techniques. The results showed that: a. 6-year-olds in Group 2 said “Yes, it happened” to 15 percent of the allegations suggested to them. b. 3-year-olds in Group 1 said, “No, it didn’t happen” to all the allegations. c. 3-year-olds in Group 2 said “Yes” to over 80 percent of the allegations suggested to them. d. there were no significant differences in the responses of children in Group 1 and Group 2. memory for complex information is generally reproduced by rote. 11. childhood amnesia. implicit. d. retroactive interference.6. implicit. c. c. Bulldog Jones was recently traded to a new football team. negative reinforcer. According to Sir Frederic Bartlett: a. d. memory is like a video camera recording an entire experience. a. Jim is careful not to park in the space reserved for handicapped drivers. declarative. positive punisher. Chad remembers the feeling of excitement in his house when his mother stepped through the door with his new baby sister. like putting together a puzzle when you are missing some pieces. b. source misattribution. negative punisher. c. Bulldog’s problem is due to: a. whereas spinning the balls requires mostly ______________ memory. proactive interference. procedural. the pituitary gland. d. 7. source misattribution. b. the suprachiasmatic nucleus. psychogenic amnesia. 10. declarative d. d. procedural c. He is struggling to remember the plays for his new team because he keeps mixing them up with the plays from his previous team. emotional memories are especially vivid and detailed. b. 9. memory is largely a reconstructive process. Nora answers questions about world geography while spinning basketballs on her fingers. b. confabulation. procedural b. The loss of money is a: a. Answering the questions requires mostly _____________ memory. After paying a $500 fine. positive reinforcer. c. declarative 8. At her school’s talent show. The structure that serves as our biological clock is: a. the cerebellum. ineffective retrieval cues. b. d. c. He can still picture the tiny little baby with a stocking cap on her head! His parents can’t convince him that he actually stayed with his grandparents for two weeks after his sister was born and that his memory never happened! Chad’s memory is an example of: a. . the pineal gland. After watching her teenage sister put on lipstick. rolling eye movements. The amygdala 13. b. fornix d. 15. b. observational learning. The hippocampus c The cerebellum d. The DRM demonstrated during lecture is an example of: a. a mnemonic . drugs that slow down activity in the central nervous system. mood. b. This part of the brain is involved with the formation and consolidation of fear and other emotional memories. The frontal lobe b. d. cognition. operant conditioning.12. Mitch’s sleep cycle would include four stages of non-REM sleep but no stage of REM sleep. instead of dreaming. a. drugs capable of influencing perception. stimulus generalization. Mitch would engage in sleepwalking during REM sleep. Mitch emphatically states that he never dreams. it would be most likely that: a. irregular brain activity. 14. Mitch would report a dream if awakened during a period of rapid. amygdala c. cerebral cortex 17. drugs derived from the opium poppy which relieve pain and produce euphoria. drugs that speed up activity in the central nervous system. a method for testing false memories c. Psychoactive drugs are: a. hippocampus b. classical conditioning. If Mitch spent the night in a sleep laboratory. 16. a. c. a technique used to test recognition memory d. Mitch’s electroencephalogram would show only slow. c. d. a little girl applies some to her own lips. d. deep processing encoding b. c. or behavior. The little sister acquired this behavior through: a. _______________ plays a critical role in the formation of long-term declarative memories. Hypnosis increases the accuracy of memory. Melanie. retinal disparity d. Jane. relative height c. b. Francis. Patty perceives two separate groups of dancers. Garrett. interposition b. A hypnotized person can do things that they could not do otherwise. Jane. Rose. linear perspective 23. Derek. and Vincent c. Kayla. Hypnotized people cannot be forced to do something against their will. Debbie. psychoanalytic b. d. dreams are the royal road into the unconscious. Derek. c. Calvin. and Garrett 22. problem-focused c. 20. c. and Garrett d. Tom. Andy is an infant crawling through a dark tunnel looking for something he has lost. b. Melanie. Which of the following is true about hypnosis? a. Her granddaughter’s group wore bright turquoise costumes with gold accents and the other group wore bright gold costumes with turquoise accents. closure. Kayla. Francis. every dream is meaningful. proximity. Melanie. Which of the following is a binocular cue to depth? a. cognitive approach d. Debbie. Jane. c. similarity. no matter how absurd the images seem. d. As she watches her granddaughter’s dance recital. Kayla. the key to analyzing a dream will be found in the manifest content. The likelihood of being hypnotized depends on the skill of the hypnotist. Which theory would be most receptive to an explanation that while Andy was sleeping. According to the serial-position effect. and Vincent b. Patty perceived the girls as belonging to two different groups due to the Gestalt principle of: a. 21. 19. continuity. In his dream. d. it will be most difficult to remember the names of: a. activation-synthesis theory . neurons in his pons that stimulate leg-muscle movement were active? a.18. Tom. and Vincent. Rose. Margeaux is introduced to the following people when she arrives at the party: Derek. not everything in a dream is symbolic. b. Sigmund Freud would agree with all of the following EXCEPT: a. the tendency for the subject’s performance to improve over time. signal detection theory takes into account: a. the amount of practice a subject has had. unconditioned response c. knowing that her wedding gown had a train b. Which of the following would be among Patty’s semantic memories? a. For over a month. thus illustrating the influence of: a. a. conditioned stimulus d. sound of the electric can opener c. positive reinforcement. cat food b. Miranda notices that her cat scurries into the kitchen as soon as she starts opening a can of cat food with an electric can opener. c. knowing that it is appropriate to stand when the bride walks down the aisle 28. dish that Miranda puts the food in d.24. d. knowing that Joe proposed to her just after midnight on an April evening d. knowing that her four siblings were members of the wedding party c. a. d. working memory c. serial position memory b. unconditioned stimulus b. However. the subject’s response bias. positive punishment. a. In this example. tool-box memory d. b. In addition to a subject’s sensory capacity. Ruth studies every night for four hours in order to do well in her college courses. c. she is beginning to feel left out of things because she is losing so much fun time with her friends. b. This form of memory holds and operates on information that has been retrieved from long-term memory for temporary use. cat scurrying into the kitchen 29. Higher-order conditioning involves using an already established _______________ to establish a new conditioned stimulus. 27. the tendency for the subject’s performance to worsen over time. conditioned response 26. episodic memory . negative punishment. 25. the ________________ is the unconditioned stimulus. negative reinforcement. Ruth then reduces her night studying time. his heart rate increases. counterconditioning d. extinction c. shaping. size constancy. mescaline 34. c. d. linear perspective. 35. retinal disparity. instinctive drift b. higher-order conditioning. the cognitive approach d. Which of the following is a depressant? a. nicotine b. the psychoanalytic approach c. Curious. James is experiencing physiological changes that are normal for the third stage of sleep. Reinforcing successive approximations of a desired behavior is a procedure called: a. James is experiencing physiological changes that are normal during paradoxical sleep. she does not appear to be growing larger as she moves closer and closer to Kevin. the problem-focused approach b. 32. like his daytime activities. and his skeletal muscles go limp. and the fish always swim to the top as soon as it comes on. His blood pressure rises. c. irregular waves. barbiturates c. b. b. training. 33. Kevin watches as his wife Denise walks toward the house. a. the activation-synthesis approach 31. chaining. is abnormal. Even though the retinal image of Denise grows larger as Denise approaches. James has been sleeping for about 90 minutes when his brain shows rapid. and then see if the fish still respond to the light by swimming to the top. relative size. heroin d. This illustrates: a.30. he decides to go a week without turning on the light at feeding time. James is chronically sleep deprived and his sleep. d. d. Which approach to dreaming suggests that our dreams are simply a modification of the thinking that occurs when we are awake? a. Arthur is trying to see if _______________ will occur. discrimination . Which of the following is the most likely conclusion? a. James is experiencing unusual sleep because earlier he engaged in strenuous physical activities. b. Arthur switches on an aquarium light just before feeding his fish. c.