Project - Pirates Charts [Summer]

Jon Lee - 1PIRATES Charts Tigris and Euphrates River Valley Politics      Believed queens and kings came from the City of Gods. Each province had its own governor. One of the first places to create law codes that came from the king and queen. First war recorded happened around 3200 BC, but wars did not happen often until 2500BC From about 2350 BC, the political system was based off of honor and warfare. The rivers were fed water by many tributaries and drained large amounts of water from mountainous regions. There was never a regular supply of water, but the soil was enriched over the years by layers of silt which is material deposited by two rivers. Overland routes will typically follow the Euphrates river banks because the Tigris river banks are steep and difficult. By 5800 BC people were living in southern plains. Covered in a large amount of silt, which caused problems to a lot of man-made irrigation systems. Polytheism; they believed in multiple gods. Believed the world was a flat disc, above it a heaven, there was water on the top side and the bottom side, universe was born from an enormous sea. There was regional variations of their religion. Believed that “Elil” was the most powerful God. Asked questions about who they were and where they came from, turned to their God’s for answers. Mesopotamia Interactions      Religion      Tools for creating glass. woolen textiles. Only royal offspring and sons of rich families had received schooling. and metal goods. Patriarchal system. Tools for water storage.2 Arts & Literature      Technology         Economy   Society      Earliest language written was Sumerian Semitic was an early language spoken. theme was decided by at least 6 important factors. and timber were imported goods traded with dried fish. Mathematics and science were based on a sextagesimal number system. Copper. Known for metal work. lance points. and pottery. Irrigation spread south from Zagros foothills with the Samara and Hadji Mohammad culture from about 5000 BC Sumerian temples functioned as banks. Sons were taught how to trade and daughters were taught how to do housekeeping and cooking. axes.Jon Lee . and lamps. knives. Metal-Copper working tools. wool. swords. Society was ruled by a “council of elders”. . Arrowheads. Had ceremonies each month. Flood control tools. Libraries were extant in towns and temples. wheat. but over time had fell. Songs were written for Gods. but many were to explain important events. tin. Between the early period and Ur III temples owned up to 1/3 the available land. clubs. daggers. and armor advancements were made. The Ancient Egyptian Civilization lived along the Nile River Valley and expanded up and around the river Irrigation was used to expand alongside the Nile River. dirt.Jon Lee . Egyptians believed in the Afterlife. Animals were used on and to assist the rural life of Ancient Egypt. There was an Egyptian court ruling house in Thebes Ancient Egypt went to war with the Asiatic Hyksos to push them back to Asia. they would live     Interactions      Religion      . If a deceased was judged to be worthy of an afterlife in trial. Gods were worshipped in cult temples and were called upon for help or protection. The country was split into 42 regions called nomes which were governed by nomarchs. The Pharaoh had the highest commanding range. specifically in a desert known as the Sahara. The Pharaonic rule of Egypt was based on the divine right of kings. and sand. and lastly the vizier who acted as the king’s representative and was in charge of civil projects. The Egyptian Civilization was polytheistic and its pantheon consisted of gods with supernatural powers. followed by the king who headed the military and government.3 Ancient Egypt Old and New Kingdoms (Nile River Valley) Politics   Ancient Egypt had a Absolutismbased government where the pharaoh ruled with despotism. Ancient Egypt was settled in Northeastern Africa along the lower bed of the Nile River. [Geography] The Ancient Egyptian Civilization was surrounded by rocks. Wrote the earliest known peace treaty with the Hittites. The Egyptians made many Temples. Book of Gates. They developed the writing system called hieroglyphs was the base for their language. Egyptian Art not only served as eyecandy.Jon Lee . Egyptian Scribes labeled items found in their tombs The Story of Sinuhe is known as a classic of Egyptian Literature. The Ancient Egyptians could perform basic math operations and developed and understood basic concepts of algebra and geometry. Foreign exchanges were often weighted and measured as there was no globalized currency. and Sacred Halls. and figurines. Civilians were often paid in units of bread and beer. Book of the Earth. but had its purpose for religious and political affairs. and Amduat. A standard payment consisted of ten loaves of bread and up to two jugs of beer.4 on in the afterlife in a spiritual form. Burial Grounds. The Ancient Egyptians traded with other civilizations to obtain goods not found in their own empire. They made a ceramic glaze called faience which was used to decorate cups.  Arts & Literature        Technology      Economy      . The Ancient Egyptians golden ratio was used in many Egyptian constructions. The Ancient Egyptians are infamous for their Pyramids and they are notorious for their World Wonder the Great Pyramid and Pyramids of Giza. There was several Ancient Egyptian religious books such as the Book of the Dead. One of the earliest civilizations to domesticate animals and developed the concept of animal husbandry. amulets. The Ancient Egyptian Economy was based on redistribution and reciprocity. Ancient Egyptians created the wondrous Rosetta Stone which was used to decipher their language. The Egyptians created their own alphabet and decimal system. Egyptians viewed all people and genders. aside slaves. Egyptian Women had full potential and could achieve anything they worked for.Jon Lee . equally and everyone was anointed basic rights. Egyptian houses were often made of mud and bricks. then Scribes and Officials. followed by Artists/Craftsmen. but designed specially to remain cool. The majority of Egyptians were farmers. Indus River Valley Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro .5 Society      Farmers were the lowest of the social class. The Harappa buried their dead and in the later period of their time. and ocean. The weak government structure of the state contributed to the fall of the Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro people. The State Structure was based on what modernly is known as being a “City State”.6 Politics      Interactions      Religion      Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro shared the same government and were considered a single “state”. They created many statues.  Arts & Literature  . highlands. There was no recorded wars. The groups had no means of drastic expansion. Buddhism. which was the “Lord of Cattle”. their biggest market. also cremated their dead and buried the ashes in urns. They believed in a God known as “Pashupati”. Harappa people worshipped a goddess that symbolized fertility. They settled around the Indus River where the climate was moderate and soil was rich. The minor migrations done by the Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro were only to sport the need of trade. There was no religious buildings or structures aside from one possible temple in Mohenjo-Daro. with over 500 small sites. with rich farming land.Jon Lee . The Harappa expanded alongside the river bed of the Indus. and Jainism are believed to have derived from the Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro’s prehistoric religion. not just one and Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa had separate rulers. They have developed seals and swastikas for their religion. however there is speculation that a war could have been what ended the Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro. desert. The Geography of the land matched that of Egypt’s and Peru’s. Many of the Indian Religions like Hinduism. There was multiple rulers. They innovated new ways to create metals and discovered many techniques in metallurgy. Jewelry. and dogs. They used many different crafts like shell working. They traded with cities as far away as Mesopotamia. one of the world’s first ever made. They produced copper. Trade was ran commercially down the Indus River. bronze and steatite. soaps. The Indus civilization's economy depended significantly on trade. They created a brick-lined sewer system. and tin with ease. toys. and agate and glazed steatite bead making to create necklaces. They made figurines of women dancers.7 sculptures. Dancing was thought to be the society’s way of expressing themselves. monkeys. Many people lived in sturdy brick houses that had as many as three floors. ceramics. They were among the first to develop a system of uniform weights and measures. lead. and other accessories. They invented the world’s first toilets and bathroom fixtures that had working plumbing. and medicines. Their main scientific study was dentistry.Jon Lee . Cotton. They developed combs. and Wood was often traded and may have been used as currency. and seals with extraordinary skill using terracotta. The Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro civilizations shared their economy with each other. Society was diverse in ethnicity/race. cows. Society was urbanized and was much     Technology       Economy      Society     . Clay tablets were used for literature and wrote on by scribes. bangles. They had made musical instruments. bronze. and designed many games and pottery. bears. Jon Lee . . People’s homes were open and often roofless with only small covered lanes and rooms. Government was chosen based on religion and military power.   Huang He River Valley Shang and Zhou Dynasties Politics   Rulers/Kings were titled “Wang” in which translates to “King” in English. The majority of these groups of people worked on civil projects as occupations.8 like modern day cities today. Religion was a major part in China. People would travel on The Silk Road for trade. Sacrifices were made to the Gods and ancestors. They used natural water to water Interactions     Religion      Arts & Literature       Technology      Economy      . Zhon literature was very important. Worship of ancestors was very important. Civilization mainly focused on day to day agriculture rather than spontaneous growth. Iron metallurgy was used for farming tools. Most writings have been destroyed by the first empire. Advances in the invention of paper. There was flooding around Yellow River. utensils. Agriculture gained immediate profits due to fertile soil.900 miles across China. They used Woodblock printing during Tang Dynasty and later a different type of printing invented during the Song Dynasty. By 5000BCE communities had spread through all of China Migrated towards agricultural villages.Jon Lee . and weapons because of its strength.9    The king had power over everything. Iron tools which were cheaper than bronze but better for war. Lacked written language for a long period of time. Created waterwheel First to gather silk from silkworms. Shang Ti was the head of the Gods. The Silk Road was a major part of what helped the agriculture growth. Shang and Zhou Dynasties may have migrated from Yin-Shang before the 19th century. Believed in supernatural forces: To talk to Gods and receive help. The king was both the political and religious leader The king directed life and work to peasants. The Huang He River stretches more than 2. There were a few books on the history of Zhou but the “Book of History” was the actual history book. Fathers control the amount of education their children get. Society      Mesoamerica and South America Olmecs and Chavin Politics     Known as the first major civilization in Mexico Located in tropical lowlands of southern Mexico Olmec cities were primarily religious.Jon Lee . The cities had specialized monuments/buildings/palaces/plazas . Mothers/Females are unable to own property. Fathers always arranges marriages for their daughters. All rituals are performed by males.C. Fathers choose carriers for their sons.10 plants until about the sixth century B. La Venta kept regular Olmec traditions but along with displays of power and wealth.Jon Lee . Traded high value items like Interactions      Religion      Arts & Literature             Technology Economy . Irrigation and drainage canals were used for farms. and good mathematical understandings. Large ceremonial arts. First Olmec location San Lorenzo was abandoned around 900BCE around the same time La Venta rose. but it could also be environmental changes. There is no documentation to show mythology so they may have based their mythology on interpretations of surviving monumental and portable arts. Most recognized art was the enormous helmeted head One of the first western civilizations to develop a writing system Language written in Zapotec Olmec culture was first known as an art style and this continues to be the hallmark of the culture. beans. and squash. and pots were associated with religious beliefs. Olmec people were found extended from Tuxtlas Mountains to Chontalpa in the east. Destruction of monuments in San Lorenzo happened around 950BCE which could indicate an uprising or invasion. stone carvings. Invention of zero concept. A lot of the art is naturalistic. Did long distance trading. Domestication of corn. People got close to their Gods for bloodletting and human sacrifices.11  The three main civilizations developed independently. Writing system which contained hieroglyphics. Small ceremony figurines. There was a combination of religious rulers from full-time priests to shamans The Olmec Dragon was the first God. La Venta became the busiest Olmec center lasting from 900BCE to about 400BCE. Jon Lee . a lean-to. San Lorenzo is the center domain. A nearby garden would be for medicines and cooking purposes. Modest temples would be found in larger villages.12 greenstone or marine shell. Dwellings would consist of a home.  Society        . Olmec money focused on agriculture. and one or more storage pits. Even though Olmec was not the largest trading organization in Mesoamerica. Villages were located on higher grounds and considered several scattered homes. the Olmec period had a significant expansion in trade routes. Most of the Olmec people lived in villages similar to what is seen today in Tabasco and Veracruz.