www.toeflskill.com 1 DIAGNOSTIC PRE-TEST SECTION 2 STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION Time - 25 minutes (Including the reading of the directions) Now set your clock for 25 minutes. This section is designed to measure your ability to recognize language that is appropriate for standard written English. There are two types of questions in this section, with special directions for each type. Structure Directions: These questions are incomplete sentences. Beneath each sentence you will see four words or phrases, marked (A), (B), (C), and (D). Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen. Look at the following examples. Example I Sample Answer The president _________ the election by a landslide. (A) won (B) he won (C) yesterday (D) fortunately The sentence should read, “The president won the election by a landslide.” Therefore, you should choose answer (A). Example II Sample Answer When _______ the conference? (A) the doctor attended (B) did the doctor attend (C) the doctor will attend (D) the doctor’s attendance The sentence should read, “When did the doctor attend the conference?” Therefore, you should choose answer (B). www.toeflskill.com 2 1. In the early 1 900s, Eastman _____ inexpensive Brownie box cameras. (A) it developed (B) it was developed (C) developed (D) developing 2. _____ the discovery of the fossilized remnants of tides in one-billion-year-old rocks. (A) Geological reports (B) Geologists report (C) The reports of geologists (D) Geologists’ reports 3. The Brooklyn Bridge _____ took thirteen years to complete. (A) in New York (B) is in New York (C) it is in New York (D) which New York 4. Genes control all of the physical _____ we inherit. (A) that traits (B) that are traits (C) traits that (D) traits are that 5. Indigo can be extracted from a plant, and then _____ to dye cloth blue. (A) it (B) using (C) using it (D) it can be used 6. _____ in the United States spends 900 hours per year in class and 1,170 hours in front of the television. (A) The average third-grader (B) The third grade is average (C) There are three grades (D) Three average grades 7. Researchers have begun studying what _____ is on human circadian rhythms. (A) it is the effect of light (B) the light affects (C) is affecting the light (D) the effect of light 8. If calciumoxide remains exposed to air, _____ to calciumcarbonate. (A) turning (B) turns (C) it turns (D) the turn 9. Some early batteries used concentrated nitric acid, ____gave off poisonous fumes. (A) they (B) then they (C) but they (D) but they had 10. The sound produced by an object______ in a periodic way involves more than the simple sine wave. (A) it vibrates (B) vibrating (C) is vibrating (D) vibrates 11. Prior to the discovery of anesthetics in 1846, surgery was done _____ was still conscious. (A) while the patient (B) the patient felt (C) during the patient’s (D) while patiently www.toeflskill.com 3 12. The drastic decline of the beaver helps to illustrate what _____ to the ecosystems of the North American continent. (A) happening (B) the happening (C) has happened (D) about happening 13. The use of shorthand died out in the Middle Ages because of _____ with witchcraft. (A) the association was imagined (B) associate the imagination (C) imagine the association (D) the imagined association 14. A yacht is steered with a rudder, _____ the flow of water that passes the hull. (A) which deflecting (B) deflects (C) it deflects (D) which deflects 15. For top speed and sudden acceleration, the accelerator pump feeds additional gasoline from the float chamber into _____ above the venturi tube. (A) the air flows (B) the air flow (C) the air is flowing (D) flows the air www.toeflskill.com 4 Written Expression Directions: In these questions, each sentence has four underlined words or phrases. The four underlined parts of the sentence are marked (A), (B), (C), and (D). Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen. Look at the following examples. Example I Sample Answer The four string on a violin are tuned in fifths A B C D The sentence should read, “The four strings on a violin are tuned in fifths.” Therefore, you should choose answer (B). Example II Sample Answer The research for the book Roots taking A B C Alex Haley twelve years D The sentence should read, “The research for the book Roots took Alex Haley twelve years.” Therefore, you should choose answer (C). www.toeflskill.com 5 16. In 1732, coach travelers could got fromNew York to Philadelphia in about two days. A B C D 17. Some of the District of Columbia are on low-lying, marshy ground. A B C D 18. Georgia’s economy is based main on agriculture A B C D 19. The Paul Revere House was built in 1676, and today its the oldest wooden building in Boston. A B C D 20. Conifers such as cedars, firs, and pines bear its seeds in cones. A B C D 21. A dome is a semispherical structures on top of a building A B C D 22. Succulents suck up water in just a few hour, but they can store it in their stems for months. A B C D 23. Flying buttresses enabled builders to put up tall but thinnest stone walls. A B C D 24. Weather forecasters monitor barometric pressures and record they on charts as isobars. A B C D 25. In many languages the forms of a word varies to express such contrasts as number, gender, and tense. A B C D 26. A Milky Way object that erupted in the constellation Scorpius has provides information to A B astronomers since J uly. C D 27. Much fossils are found in coal-bearing rocks. A B C D 28. When salt is added to ice, this mixture becomes coldly enough to freeze ice cream. A B C D 29. During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries Long Island was chiefly an agricultural region A B C with fishing, whaling, and build ships as the important industries. D 30. No one who has studied the Battle of Little Bighorn know the exact route that Custer and his A B C detachment took. D 31. The folktales which the brothers Grimmhad collecting were translated into English in 1823. A B C D www.toeflskill.com 6 32. In our solar system, nine planets, fifty-seven moons, several dozen comets, several million A B asteroids, and billions of meteorites have so far been discover. C D 33. Fromthe 1 850s until after the turn of the century, many of America’s super-rich families made A B C Newport his favorite summer resort. D 34. Mars may looks red because it is covered with a layer of soft red iron oxide. A B C D 35. The radioactive substances that pose the greatest harmto humanity have neither very short or A B C very long half lives. D 36. A robin cocks its head to peer at a wormwith one eyes and not to hear it, as was once thought. A B C D 37. Filmsound is often record by an analog systemwhich like the compact disc, uses light. A B C D 38. The scribes of the Middle Ages used quill pens to produce their high decorated manuscripts. A B C D 39. The principles of physics described by Christian Doppler in 1842 for the movement of stars has A B been adapted to evaluate the movement of blood within the heart. C D 40. The Pioneer 10 and 11 spacecraft were the first vehicles of humankind to venture beyond the A B limits of ours solar system. C D This is the end of the Structure and Written Expression Diagnostic Pre-Test.