Practice of Ayurveda Swami Sivananda

PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA PRASrICE OF AIT,'RVEDA Sutanmi Eiaananda Published by THE DTVINE LIFE SOCIETT P.O. SHIVANANDANAGAR-249 I92 Tehri- Garhwal, Uttarakhand, Himalayas, India www. sivanandaonline.org, www.dlshq. org Shivanandanagar. Tehri-Garhwal. Uttarakhand. Himalayas.000 Copies l @The Divine Life Trust SocietY rsBN 8r-7052-159-9 ES 304 PRICE: <L2Ol- Published by Swami Padmanabhananda for The Divine Life Society. Distt. lndia For online orders and Catalogue : visit dlsbooks.Edition: Edition: Edition: Edition: First Second Third Fourth 1958 2001 2006 2013 I 1. Shivanandanagar. P. and printed by him at the Yoga Vedanta Forest Academy Press.O.org . On 14th July. In 1948 the Yoga-Vedanta Forest Academy was organised. He discovered that people needed right knowledge most of all. To read Swamiji's works is to drink at the Fountain of Wisdom Supreme. In 1953 Swamiji convened a World Parliament of Religions'. in the illustrious family of Sage Appay5ra Dikshitar and several other renowned saints and savants. 1963 Swamiji entered Mahasamadhi. He had earlier been editing a health journal and wrote extensively on health problems. In 1950 Swamiji undertook a lightning tour of India and Ceylon. Sri Swami Sivananda had a natural flair for a life devoted to the study and practice of Vedanta. In 1936 was born The Divine Life Society. practised intense austerities and shone as a great Yogr. belonging to all nationalities. L887. and soon he gravitated to where he thought that his service was most needed. In 1932 Swami Sivananda started the Sivanandashram. Malaya claimed him. Added to this was an inborn eagerness to serve all and an innate feeling of unitywith all mankind. saint. Dissemination of spiritual knowledge and training of people in Yoga and Vedanta were their aim and object. It was divine dispensation and the blessing of God upon mankind that the doctor of body and mind renounced his career and took to a life of renunciation to qualiff for ministering to the soul of man. Swamiji is the author of over 3OO volumes and has disciples all over the world. dissemination of that knowledge he espoused as his own mission.SRI SWAMI SIVANANDA Born on the 8th September. religions and creeds. His passion for service drew him to the medical career. (s) . sage and Jivanmukta. He setfled down at Rishikesh in 1924. study. He wanted that the best of all the systems should be brought out and utilised in the service o1na"n. It is even superior to the other vedas because it gives life which is the basis of all enjo5rments.inary inborn love to serve humanity. with an extraord. that is why he chose themedical profession as a career' That is why he edited. A5rurveda is a distinct Veda.iseases. and published a health Journal "Ambrosia"' That is why he went over to Malaya to serve the poor in the plantations there.PUBUSHERS'NOTE Sri Swami Sivanandaji Maharaj was a healer of the body in his Purvashram (before he entered the Holy Ordlr of Sannyasa). that is *hy. And. He has written a number of books on all aspects of Healing-from the NaturopatJ:ic and Allopathic points of view. (6) . to keep up sound health and attain longevity. meditation and Yoga Sadhana' A5ruweda is the science of life. The huge hospital equipped with modern instruments was set up and the entire Ashram where all are welcome to get themselves healed of their heart's sores and thoroughly refresh themselves in the divine atmosphere of the holY Place Sri Swamiji wanted that all systems of healing should flourish. It shows the way to remove d.e Ashram which he has established in Rishikesh. He had equal love and admiration for all systems of healing. He was a healer of the body and the soul' This truth is reflected in tl. he renounced the world and embraced the Holy Order of SannYasa. He was a born healer. strangely enough. This one dealing with Ayurveda is a valuable addition to the healer's armEunentarium' Ayurveda is the Veda or knowledge of Ayrs or life' It has been classified as the Fifth Veda. A5rurveda was in vogue in India since very early times. Their popularity is due to their availability. science after science. as her contribution to the common heritage of all the nations of the world. not for the fulfilment of any earthly desire of gain. Her greatest gift to the world is the gift of the spiritual science of Self-perfection." India has ever been evolving art after art. the A5rurveda. The Ayurvedic and Siddha systems have played a very important and vital part in the sphere of public health. Next to it we should place this Science of Life. Those who sell the treatment of disease as merchandise gather the dust and neglect the gold. Here is a beautiful ideal of Charaka: "Not for self. but solely for the good of suffering humanit5r should you treat your patients and so excel all. THE DIVINE LIFE SOCIETY (7) . It is a national duty of every Indian." Charaka also says: "A physician who cannot enter into the innermost soul of the patient with the bright light of the lamp of his own knowledge cannot successfully treat any disease. as a precious gift to be carefully developed and broadcast to all nations. cheapness and eflicacy. Chapter X r02 Nidana. chapbrm Doctrine of Vata-Pitta-KaPhas . (8) . Vipaka and Frabhava 50 Chapter V Hygienic Principles in AYurveda Chapter VI Ayunreda on Diet Chapter VII 79 Ayurvedic Psycholory Chapter VIII Nadi Vijnana.g Ayurvedic Ethics. Chaptor IX 97 Indian Surgery. Veerya. _cI3P!-efly Doctrine of Rasa.CONTENTS g Chapter I 13 Ayurveda-Theory and Practice -c-BPI-e-T. S Ayurvedic tPreparations Explained L62 gh-?..LIg Index to Therapeutic Action of Bazaa:.Ifl Classification of Drugs-I 145 Drugs-II .lilI Classification of _qh_?Ple-r..lgy Common thtpHr. Kaya Kalpa (e) 208 .Ple.Hg .r.. Drugs .lg Ayurvedic Chikitsa 109 CHAPTER Xtr Indian Materia Medica 113 gkPg_terHI Home Remedies 131 Herbs 134 -qkPIeJ_.r.P}e-r. 150 _qmPIs. 152 _qh-?.gh-*..PI9_Lg A5runredic Preparations I 160 gn-*pF.IJ Charaka's Classification of Drugs 139 _QlspF_r. Maharshi Chyavana and Chyavanaprash The Bilwa Tree: Its Properties and Uses 254 Kuppamani Cancer. 2L9 _qm.P[gl. Lumbago. The Three Pillars in Ayurveda 245 252 258 260 271 272 274 275 277 28O 281 282 Ayurveda-Although Ancient It Can Be Ever New 284 (10) .Chapter XXII The Rasayana Treatment. Causes of Diseases.. Ayurvedic Quotations A5rurvedic Jottings .1$[ Yantra s 221 Appendlx Definitions in A5nrrveda 224 Rajo Dharma Nomenclature of Diseases Diseases of the Eyes . Saltless Diet . 234 Index to Diseases and Treatment. PRASTISE OF AYURVEI'A . . of the best blessings of the profound spiritual realms. This tendency of an essentially intuitive mind. could not resist its native many-sided tendency not merely to subject the entire nature of man to a process of dynamic spiritualisation.-the physical body.Chapter I AYIJBVEDA. Ayurveda is a perfect science of life and consists of a body of most remarkable knowledge on tJre internal mechanism of human health and longevit5r. vim. towards arl integral development of life. deepest insights. and embodied them in the four Vedas. longevity of the third of the triune aspect of man. the Ayurveda. strength. but literally to seek the health.THEORY AND PRACTICE A5runreda The Iapodance and Value of the Anclent Indlan SYstem of Medlcine The ancient intuitive India that brought to being the brightest and the most inspired of eternal spiritual songs on the struggles and problems of active life in tJ:is terrestrial world in relation to the highest End of Existence which Self-realisation is. vitality. tJ:is impassioned affirmation of positive living. tJre subtle determining vital powers and secrets in the human system that govern its radiant health and longevity and in the creation of a yet another Veda. which is recognized as the indispensable and perfectible vehicle for both the enjoyment of temporal happiness and supreme spiritual felicity. tJris acceptance of the body as the best instnrment for tl'e realization here on earth. on medicinal herbs and therapeutic roots. on the efficacious treatment of human ills by eradicating from the human (13) . resulted in the obtainment of the yet unmatched. towards a complete blossoming of the whole man even while living in a physical form in this material world. This great medical science and humanit5r's most ancient and finest preventive school of practical medicine. and as a first step begin trying its drugs. by expert Vaidyas well-versed and highly trained in its lore. and the recent researches show that the early Greeks owed much of their knowledge on the physiolory of man and medicine. Madhava. To those who claim to have a knowledge of this ancient medicinal science enriched by the happy results of the researches and advancement made by eminent Vaidyas in succeeding ages. its superior merits over the Western systems of medicine.ord Himself is the first divine physician. as Vagbhata. Orfgfn of A5rurreda The l. in Ayurveda is indeed most encouraging. do not need any delineation. and its immense value. He is the best among physicians. too. are more than suflicient proof of its unique value. Such names of the great pioneers who added to the development of the science of A5rurweda. should now receive. The interest of Government of India. century after century for over four thousand years. as a matter of immediate practical necessit5r. yrfrwdm@u-Ht sflq?i Err6fiild H=nnquil6ft: II . Jivaka and Bhava Mishra of Banaras are well-lorown.t4 PRACTICE OF AYLIRVEDA system the very sources of their causation. to Ayurveda. but the private bodies and the public too should come to an increasing recognition of its importance and value. which has been practised in India. The amazingly wide scope and the genuine scientific nature of A5rurveda received much enthusiastic appreciation by such Westerners as Sri William Hunter. the increasing and the best interest of modern free India. and the almost miraculous results that the medicinal herbs prescribed by Ayurveda have brought into the systems of those who have used them. AYURVEDA-THEORYAND PRACTICE 15 When the body is afflicted with senility and diseases, the holy water of Mother Ganga is the medicine and Lord Narayana, from whose holy feet Ganga emanates, is the great physician' Dhanwantai. -Lord. Once upon a time some distinguished sages happened to meet on the Himalayan mountains, arnong them being Agastya, Ashvalayana, Asita, Badarayana, Balikhya, Bharadwaja, Chyavana, Devala, Dhaumya, Galaya, Garga, Gautama, Gobhila, Harita, Hiranyaksha, Jamadagni, Kamya, Kankayana, Kapinjala, Kashyapa, Katyayana, Kaundinya, Kushika, Langakshi, Maitreya, Markandeya, Narada, Parashara, Parikshaka, Pulasthya, Sankhya, Sankritya, Shakuneya, Shandilya, Sharaloma, Shaunaka, Vaijapeya, Vaikhanasa, Vamadeva, Vasishtha, Vishwamitra and many others' A11 of them were well-versed in philosophy and practised religious austerities. The subject of their conversation was the tlls that the flesh is heir to'. They began to complain: "Our body, which is the means of attaining the four aims of tife, viz., virhre, worldly pursuits, pleasure and Liberation, is subject to diseases which emaciate and weaken it, deprive the senses of their functions, and cause extreme pains. These diseases are great impediments to our worldly affairs and bring on premature death. In the face of such enemies, how can men be happy? It is neceesary, therefore, to find remedies for such diseases." They turned to sage Bharadwaja, and, thus addressed him: "O Sage! Thou art the fittest person among us' Go thou to the thousand-eyed Indra, who has systematically studied the Ayurveda, and by acquiring from him the knowledge of that science, free us, O sage, from the scourge of diseases." "So be it," said tJre sage, who at once went to Indra and thus accosted him: "O Lord, I have been deputed by the parliament of sages, to learn from you the remedies r6 PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA for the direful diseases that afflict mankind; I pray you, therefore, to teach me the A5rurveda." Indra was pleased with the object of his mission, and taught him the A5rurveda in all its parts. Bharadwaja recounted the precepts he had acquired to the other sages who had deputed him, and with the knowledge of this science they were able to live in health and happiness. Indra taught the science to his pupil Atreya, who wrote several works. Atreya Samhita is a celebrated book. Atreya is one of the oldest authorities on Hindu medicine. Brahma propounded the healing art first. He composed the A5rurveda consisting of one hundred chapters of one hundred stanzas each. It is the oldest medical book of the Hindus. It is divided into eight parts: (1) Shalga, Surgery. Q) Shalaka Treatment of disease of the eye, nose, mouth, ears, etc. (31 Kaya Chikitsa Treatment of general diseases a-ffecting the whole body, such oS, fever, diabetes, etc. (41 Bhoota-uidya Treatment of diseases caused by evil spirits. (5) Kumara Bhitga Treatment of infants and of puerperal state. (61 Agada Antidotes to poisons: (71 Rasayana Treats of medicines which promote health and longevity, which preserve vigour, restore youth, improve memory, cure and prevent diseases in general. (81 Vajikarana or aphrodisiac: Describes the means of increasing the virile power, of giving tone to the weakened organs of generation. r{T8tEr: *ca: q*err} E Hrara: I vrftg5d,im, q(Ercfuffitt Nidane Madhaua Shreshthah, Sutra Sthane TuVagbhatah; Shaire Sushrutah Proktah, Charakastu Chikitsake. It means Madhava is unrivalled in Diagnosis, Vagbhata in principles and practice of Medicine, AYURVEDA_THEORY AND PRACTICE 17 Sushruta in Surgery and Charaka in Therapeutics. In his old age Madhava became an ascetic and assumed the nerme of Vidyaranya (forest of learning). Charaka is said to have been an incarnation of Shesha-the Serpent God with a thousand hoods-who is supposed to be the depository of all sciences, especially of medicine. Charaka, the son of Vishuddha, a learned Muni, flourished during the Vedic period. Some believe him to have been born at Banaras 320 years B.C. He was the greatest physician of his day, and his "Charaka Samhita" is still held to be a standard work on medicine. Charaka Samhita and Sushruta A5rurveda are the oldest and most reputed treatises on Hindu medicine now extant. Charaka Samhita is generally believed to be the oldest work on Hindu medicine. Atreya taught the Ayurveda to six pupils, namely Agnivesa, Bhela, Jatukarna, Parasara, Harita and Kharapani. Agnivesa first wrote a book on medicine. It was edited and corrected by Charaka. Next to Charaka the authority on Hindu medicine is Vagbhata, who flourished about the second century before Christ. He was an inhabitant of Sindh. Vagbhata wrote Ashtanga Hridaya. This is a mere compilation from Charaka and Sushruta. Dhanwantari, the surgeon of heaven descended upon earth in the person of Dividasa, king of Banaras for teaching surgery. Sushruta learnt surgery from Dhanwantari. Sushruta treats of anatomy, surgical diseases, surgical instruments, operations. The general diseases such as fever, diarrhoea, chest diseases etc. are treated in the book called "Uttara-tantra". Madhava or Madhavacharya, who wrote several works embracing almost all branches of Hindu learning was born in Kishkindha now called Golkonda in South India. 18 PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA Bhava Mishra, author of Bhava Prakasha lived in 1550 A.D. He was considered to be the best scholar of his time in Madra Desha. Madhava Kara wrote the book Nidana. This is a concise treatise on the causes, symptoms, and prognosis of diseases. It is a text book on patholory. Chakrapani Datta wrote Chakradatta Sangraha. It deals with the treatment of diseases. Bhava Misra was an inhabitant of Banaras, where he is said to have had no less than four hundred pupils. Bhava Misra wrote a book called Bhavaprakasha. It is a comprehensive treatise compiled from the works of preceding authors. There is additional information on the properties of drugs, accounts of new drugs and of some new diseases like syphilis. Then followed Sharangadhara, son of Damodara, who wrote a treatise bearing his name' The work is divided into twenty-five chapters, and is a very popular work. There are several works in Sanskrit devoted especially to the description of the sJrnon5rns and properties of drugs and articles of diet. The oldest treatment on this subject is the book called Raja-nighantu. Bhela, Jatukarna, Parasara, Kharapani and Harita wrote medical books. Agnivesha's "Nidanajnal:ra', a treatise on diagnosis, is still admired. Harita Samhita is a standard book. This was dictated by Atreya in reply to Harita's questions. The Glory of A5runreda The Ayurwedic system has been demonstrated in recent years to be as effective against malaria as Allopathic treatment. In Rheumatism A5rurvedic AYURVEDA-THEORY AND PRACTICE 19 medicines are able to produce a greater alleviating and curative effect than other systems. The best febrifuges have been learnt by British physicians from the Hindus. When patients deafened and swollen by abuse of Quinine were slowly dying of fever under the treatment of enlightened physicians, the bark of the Margosa (Neem tree) and Chiretta herb have cured them completely. These now occupy an honourable place among European dmgs. To the ascetic G5rmnosophists of ancient India, no secret power of either plant or mineral was unknown. They possessed the greatest secrets in medicinal knowledge and unsurpassed skill in its practice. No country in the world can boast of more medicinal plants than India, Burma, Siam and Sri Lanka. India's wealth of medicinal plants is unsurpassed. The literature of indigenous medicine ascribes medicinal properties to more than 2000 plants. Medicinal herbs are mentioned in the Rig-Veda. A5runreda treats of herbal remedies in detail on which the ancient medical science largely rested. There is an entire Upanishad on the internal parts of the human body with an enumeration of the nerves, veins, arteries, a description of the heart, spleen and liver and various disquisitions on the formation and growth of the foetus. The Rig-Veda (I, 116, L5-16) speaks of an artificial limb of iron as having been given to a woman whose foot had been cut off so that she might walk. The giving of artificial eyes is also mentioned. Jivaka, the personal physician of Buddha, is said to have practised cranial surgery with success. The Hindus were the first to do skin-grafting and plastic surgery, cataract operation, amputation, the caesarian operation, etc. Bhoja Prabandha describes a cranial operation n 927 A.D. on King Bhoja of Dhar. Tlvo performed antidotes for poisons. They declare that surgery had reached a great degree of skill. The Homoeopathist's Law of similars and contraries can be traced to the ancient Indian classics of Charaka and Sushruta through Egrpt. Vedic literature abounds catheters. It was composed by Brahma. jaundice. into medieval Europe and down to modern times. saws. before . Persia. not for the fulfilment of any earthly desire of gain. trephined the skull. Arabia. Greece. forceps. heart-diseases. tuberculosis. diabetes.O0O verses in 10OO chapters. It consists of 1OO. Charaka dealt with diet. Those who sell the treatment of disease as merchandise gather the dust and neglect the gold. lancets. and that diflicult skull. emetic. such as scalpels." A5rureda-The Fifth Veda A5rurveda or the Science of life is an Upanga of Atharva-Veda. Here is a beautiful ideal of Charaka: "Not for se1f. removed a growth from the brain. the Lord. s5rringes. etc. brain and abdominal operations were succe s sfully performed. Both Charaka and Sushruta mention the ancient use of anesthetics. closed the opening and stitched the wound and restored the patient to consciousness by another drug. He practised Aseptic surgery. The old Sanskrit and Pali texts give details ofvarious diseases and their remedies-dysentery.PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA surgeons made the king insensible by a drug called Sammohini. purgatives and drrgs for the cure of diseases. in references to surgical instruments. etc. Sushmta was the greatest surgeon of his time. but solely for the good of suffering humanity should you treat your patients and so excela11. s5rmptoms and treatment of diseases. Madhava and Sharangadhara were the great Rishis or Fathers of Ayurvedic medicines. India's fertility for medicinal herbs and plants contributed a great deal to the prosecution of their study of medicine. Sushruta.AYI. science of rejuvenating body (Rasayana) and the science of acquiring virile strength (Vajikarana). soothing injured body and mind and eradicating the cause. antidotes to poisons (Agada tantra). In Ayurveda great importance is given upon tJre study of the various stages of vitiation of the three Doshas or humours of the body. Ayurveda is a distinct Veda. study. generalisation and analysis. [t is even superior to the other Vedas because it gives life which is the basis of all enjoyments. Charaka. meditation and Yoga Sadhana. treatment of diseases of the head (Shalaka). They consist of removing the injurious agent. . Ayurveda treats of eight subjects: Surgery (Salya). Their students made wonderful researches. Aytr. ASrurveda is really one aspect of the Veda as a whole. the processes of counteracting the influences of evil spirits of child-diseases (Bhuta-vaidya). The principles of Ayurvedic treatment are in the main the same as that of allopathic treatment. Ayurvedic medicines are more effective and less costly. The difference lies in the methods of detail adopted by the different systems. A5rurweda serves as the best guide for the healthy and for the sick.JRVEDA_THEORY AND PRACTICE 2I he created all beings. treatment (Kaumara-bhritya).rveda is the Veda or knowledge of Ayus or life. Vagbhata. It has been classifred as the Fifth Veda. treatment of ordinaqr diseases (Kaya-chikitsa). They were Yogis. The three main branches of Aytrrveda deal with the causes. They had great power of observation. tJ:e seven Dhatus. is generally defined as derangement of the three Doshas. to keep up sound health and attain longevity. The Ayurvedic and Siddha systems have played a very important and vital part in the sphere of public health. T?rere was paucit5r of standardisation of the drugs and therefore the Ayurvedic system did not keep pace with the Allopathic system. It is deeply rooted in the hearts of the children of India. An Ayurvedic physician is very accurate and scientific in determining the causes. The efficacy ofAy-rnredic medicines prepared strictly in accordance with the methods presented by the Ayurvedic text is very great and their curative powers cannot be in the least doubted or disputed.PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA +q ErErnqqfrvrftq I "Dosha Dhatu Mala Moolam hi Sareeram.rveda. Deha Dhatus mean tl:e supporters of the human body. Health is an equilibrium of the three Doshas. Dhatus and Malas. the three Malas-these thirteen constitute the human body according to Ayurveda. the offsprings of Charaka. according to Ayu. cheapness and efficacy. This wonderfrrl science cannot be rooted out of India. Their popularity is due to their availability. It shows the way to remove diseases. Even if all the books on A5rurveda are lost today. Sushruta. but their thorough knowledge was confined to a few specialists only. Vagbhata. Sharangadhara and Dhanwantari. Ayurveda was in vogue in India since very early times. The three Doshas.' The essential constituents of the human body consist of Doshas. Disease. Importance of A5runreda A5runreda is the science of life. s5rmptoms and . it will surely sunrive. Madhava. Desam. Vayaha. Satmyam. as it were. Prakriti. 9. It is stated that . Kalam. Analam. Those antiquated sages and Rishis had been men of miraculous powers. Medicine. Balam. "Asia can munifrcently give. They were. The AllopatJ:s are just emerging from the slough of empiricism. 8. Ayurveda is based on ten fundamental considerations-l. The Ayuryeda or the Science of Life The Ayurueda is by itself an almost perfect science treating of Surgery. Aharam. 7. Dusyam. There are great many indigenous drugs of extreme utility but litfle known to the students of Allopathy. God-sent medicines. He accurately diagnoses the diseases by feeling the pulse or looking at the eyes and face. 5. A portion of the AtharvanaVedawas devoted to medicine. Whatever tlre ancient A5rurvedic physicians of yore lorew are nowadays being brought to light as new discovery by the Allopaths." This A5rurvedic system of medicine was promulgated early in the Vedic age. in as eflicient a light as possible. The Hindu Medical system called Ayunreda or the Science of Life is regarded by the Hindus as the fifth Veda. Dr. Pitta (bile) and Kapha (phlegm) by administering the suitable Rasas in correct proportions and combinations. Ayurveda can cure certain diseases for which the Allopathic Pharmacopoeia has no remedy. Many of the empirical methods of treatment adopted by many Ayurvedic physicians are of the greatest value. the medicated leaves with which they cured the disease were all powerful and unique. If people follow the treatment according to the methods of Charaka.AYURVEDA_THEORY AND PRACTICE 23 treatment of diseases. 6. 4.. Therapeutics. 10. there will be few chronic invalids in the world. The root-medicines. 2. etc. He brings about harmony of the three Doshas-Vata (wind). Satvam. but it does not need to borrow. Wise remarks. 3. PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA this knowledge of medicine was revealed by Brahma who instructed for the first time the patriarch Daksha. sank into partial oblivion. which. and which would have become an eternal blessing. Indra and the two Aswins practised this system of medicine. aristocracy and not liberalism and plebianism were the most pondering elements. The books written by the Rishis and sages were in the hands of certain unsympathetic audacious men who cared not the well being of the suffering humanity at large. Controversies and contests arose in the arena of Ay:. So. and not the spirit of Science. which the exclusive men hid for themselves and thus prevented its sunshine to glow over far off climes. It is our sincere and heart-felt longing to see this venerable and ancient system of medicine. Bharadwaja. Rrnarwasu. The Science. Selfishness played a most conspicuous part. the system of our arlcestors. tJte son of Atri. It is highly gratiffing to note that some generous hearted and liberal minded noble men of the Aryan land are straining their every nerve in the resuscitation of our ancient system of medicine. An Ayurvedic father was jealous to make even his son well-versed in Ayurvedic Exclusivism. There were no well trained masters to give clear instructions. there were no well-trained sympathetic captains to guide. no schools and colleges to receive education and practical training. Ayurveda became a monopoly and exclusive right of certain families only and it has become more or less an occult science. The books were in their hands. inclusivism.rvedic field. In course of events. Self-denial and self-sacrifice were quite novel things. it held in days of yore. the sole means to acquire wealth. in the Iield of A5rurveda. sages and Rishis come to the front and occupy the same prominent position. A time carne for the Rishis and sages to take their long leave and their disciples practised Ayurveda. the exclusive Science. but for their . who in their turn went tJre way of all flesh and blood and their followers practised it. carl be found of the A5rurveda as it formed a part of the Atharvana. who got the . That the Arabs at one time celebrated for their cultivation of Medical Science.rveda are of the opinion that the Hindus developed their Medical science without any extraneous aid. No trace accordingly. A5rureda Is Scientific Western scholars who have studied the Ayr:. The other opinion is that the Science of Life was evolved by Brahma. the Greeks derived considerable help as regards their Medicine also. the Grandsire of all the worlds. Parasara. It is commonly supposed that a portion of the Atharvana Veda was devoted to Health and Medicine. as included in it is also eternal. is of course admitted. The Vedas are unquestionably the most ancient books in the world in spite of all the care taken to preserve them in their entiret5r. had borrowed Medicine from the Hindus. The Vedas are eternal and the Science of Life therefore. Harita and Kharapani. from their knowledge of India. There are scholars whose enthusiasm of Greece is so great that tJ:ey do not hesitate to advance the extraordinary proposition that except the blind forces of Nature nothing moves in the world that is not Greek in origin. The accepted opinion is that.AYLIRVEDA_THEORY AND PRACTICE 25 munificence would have been swept away altogether from practice at tJre present day. as in the case of their Astronomy and philosophy. The Hindu Medical System called Ayrrveda or the Science of Life is exceedinglyvoluminous. Jatukarana. is not so clear. there can be no question that in course of mErny long centuries they have suffered mutilation. The destroying influence of Time is irresistible. They were the six disciples of Punarvasu. the son of Atri. The earliest treatises extant on the Science of Life are those of Agnivesa. Bhela. But whether the Greeks were ever indebted for their medical lore to the people of India. We have nothing to do with scholars that have in even their historical speculations taken leave of sobriety. attracted pupils from the surrounding country. as soon as any of them succeeded in acquiring celebriQr. Hindu physicians. a very large and voluminous body of medical literature has grown up in India. It was. Charaka's great work is certainly a very valuable contribution to the Hindu medical literature. The chief of the celestials. They had not only to teach but also to feed the pupils thus attracted towards them. The charge has frequently been preferred against Hindu Medicine that instead of being scientific. through the Aswins from the Grandsire. they had to take more advanced ones among their pupils with them in their daily round of practice.26 PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA science from his preceptor. nothing is known beyond the fact than he was a Rishi who belonged to Panchanada or the countr5r of the Five Waters (Punjab). almost every physician of fame had to compile an abridgment condensing not only the contents of the more famous works known at the time but often supplementing them with the results of his own experience. according to the ancient belief. The other great medical work of ancient India is Sushruta. that of Agnivesa comes to be better known. Among the works of the six disciples of Punarvasu. In this way. who had again got it from Indra. If collected with care that literature is capable of fairly filling a large library. As a treatise on Hygiene and tJ:e treatment of diseases. For use in the lecture-hall. Some of those abridgments in process of time. no public schools or colleges in which students could acquire knowledge of any branch of learning. Besides lecturing on the subject. it is said. became standard works. it is purely empirical. revised and arranged by Charaka. and were commented upon by succeeding physicians of note. had got it. There were. therefore. Bharadwaja. It deals largely with Surgery. The Rishis forbade the sale of knowledge. some centuries after. . Of Charaka the Xarch of the Arabian writers. No charge could be more absurd. having completely mastered the principles of Science by a thorough study of the standard works. Not less than six and twenty forms of medicines are mentioned. of corrrse. The very fuel that is to be used in view of particular preparations. therefore. Fortunately. This circumstance enables him to acquire a full knowledge not only of the medicinal herbs and plants mentioned in the Hindu medical treatises. twigs are to be of present year's glowth. Minute descriptions occur regarding the manner also of preparing medicines. the profession of medicine in India. Hindu medicine is inferior to the Western system of diagnosis and treatment.AYURVEDA-THEORYAND PRACTICE 27 The charge proceeds from erroneous conviction that as a system of Therapeutics. has been hereditary. expressions. By the time. acts as his sire's assistant from his earliest years. in every case. Depending largely as Hindu medicine does on herbs and plants. the medical treatises of India contain the most elaborate instructions regarding the methods or manner of gathering these. such as powders. distillation. The son. discerning an aptitude for the profession of the sire. roots are to be taken up in winter. leaves in the hot season. medicated oils. he begins to practise as a physician. Annual plants are to be collected before the ripening of their seeds. This has ensured the descent of knowledge from generation to generation. but also of the processes of preparing every medicine with care. decoctions. and the barks and pith in the rainy season. . It goes without sa5[ng that as Botany was never cultivated by the Hindu physicians on a scientific basis. like most other professions. the difficulty experienced in the identification of herbs and plants is often very great. boluses. after. and infusions in water and milk and ghee. his proficiency as an apothecary becomes unquestionable. etc. The instruction laid down in medical treatises for the preparation of medicines are not. fermentation. has been described. biennials in the spring. extracts. and perennials in autumn. sJrrups. PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA complete.ey will be more useful to the suffering humanity and will do wonders in the field of Medicine. always ensure a high degree of skill. It is the Indian medical science practised by ancient Rishis and seers of India. Renaissance of A5runreda Ayurvedais an exact science. . It is a very effective system of treatment of diseases. Arabia. Sushruta. The Allopathic doctors are perhaps intolerant towards A5rurveda. laid the foundation to Allopathy. Rome and other places. It is the knowledge of the science which ensures health and longevity. on the other hand. Madhava Nidhan are the well-known scientific books on Indian Medicine. No man can become a good cook by only reading even the most excellent treatises on cookery. and the circumstance of the younger members of the family being the helpmates of the practicing physician in the subsidiary branches of his science and art. It is in no way inferior to other systems. The Ayurvedic doctors had very great influence in the field of medicine. Without practice. tl. both in treatment and the apothecar5r's art in every physician. mere theoretical knowledge can never go far. The Ayurvedic system. If they combine Allopathy and Ayurveda. It is a portion of the Vedas. in India. therefore. It had long period of development in its various branches including surgery. It was very much advanced in ancient India. The hereditary character of the medical profession. Even when complete. Charaka. It has been proved beyond a shadow of doubt that the system of Ayurveda travelled from India to Egrpt. such knowledge cannot be much useful. They have not understood and recognised the value and importance of the Indian System of Medicine. Vagbhata. A5rurveda has a significant name. tension. double Kashayams or Kvathas. they will appeal nicely to the people. etc. Ghritams (medicated ghees).' but the Ayurvedic doctor dives deep and speaks volumes on the subject.. He gives a vivid description of the state of the patient. Lehyam (confections). Allopathy speaks of volume. If they are prescribed in a moderrr way. No other system in the world has this feature. feeble. Arishtas (decoctions). The various potent Ayurvedic preparations are (various Asavas (infusions).. They will take them with a pleasant frame of mind as prescriptions for the maintenance of good health and proper hygienic conditions. Rasa. training and research. A small herb dissolves stones in the bladder.hyunveoe-rHEoRY AND PRAcTICE This glorious system of medicine fell into disuse owing to lack of State support and facilities for proper study. kidneys and gall-bladder in a minute or the twinkling of an eye. Lepa (ointment). The allopathic doctor says only "The pulse is wiry. Rasayana treatment which confers Kaya Kalpa comes under Ayurweda. Dravakam. vitality . Ayurvedic system is still alive even after centuries of vicissitudes and non-recognition by the State. Herbs and oxides possess infinite potencies or Saktis. Herbs and Bhasmas (metallic oxides) play a prominent part in this system. Nadi-pariksha or examination of the condition of the patient through feeling the pulse is a noteworthy feature in this system of treatment. This points out definitely that the system has a vigour. small. etc. in terms of modern science. Churna (powder). An Ayurvedic doctor or Vaidya feels the pulse of the patient and diagnoses the disease at once. Sindoor (oxides). Tailas medicated oils). rationally. The preventive aspects of the Ayurveda have been incorporated in the religious and social obserwances of the Hindus. Gutika or Gulikai (pi11s). Rasayanas. Bhasmas or metallic oxides. of the pulse. Many more institutions should be started in various parts of India. Then the whole world will be immensely benefited. All these herbs can be utilised to great advantage. Europe and America. India is free now. If the public take interest and if the Government gives proper aid and help now. There should be A5rurvedic Universities in different parts of India. The Government and the people should endeavour to resuscitate this indigenous system. A5rurveda will once again come .l-ang near Simla. It has a natural deep root in India. They must be brought to light. Treasures lie hidden in Indian herbs and medicinal plants. Training should be imparted to the students on modern lines. Research Institutes in various centres and Ayurvedic Dispensaries in every village. People in the villages should be benefrted. There should be more rural dispensaries. It can never die or become extinct.PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA and power. Ayurveda and Allopathy should be harmoniously combined. It is gratiffig to note that the Indian Government has already taken up the work of promoting Ayurveda. rare medical herbs are found in abundance. It is Svatantra Bharat. Many Ayurvedic Pharmacies in India are already doing great research work in the promotion of A5rurveda. It is hoped that the Government will leave no stone unturned in unearthing the treasures which are hidden in this glorious system of medicine and in establishing Ayuruedic laboratories. In the Gandhamadana hills of the Himalayas and in the vicinity of Na. The cheap and equally efficacious indigenous medicines should be used. The present A5runredic institutions should be put on a very sound basis. Then the doctors will do more good in the su{fering humanity. India or Bharatavarsha is rich in medical plants and herbs. Intense research in the A5rurveda is a need of the hour. Mahabhutas.. Nadi Vijnana is a third wonder. All that is required is proper encouragement. Ayurvedic drugs are cheap. not only for the sake of India. is astounding. Kaya Kalpa is another marvel of Ayrrvedic science. Veerya.. too. Doctrines of Tridoshas. . Even now there are institutions. this clearly indicates that it has a vitality and natural root in India. easy to obtain and administer and are more effective. ways of manufacturing and the degree of potency. odours. Finding of incurability or otherwise of diseases through Til oil examination is also wonderful. Even today it is used by 8O per cent of the population in India. Research can do a lot by unearthing those treasures. are thought provoking. Rasa. Diagnosis of diseases through facial and eye expressions. etc. methods of administration. etc. The Ayurwedic system is still alive after centuries of vicissitudes. doing wonderful work. sounds. What is necessa4r for the growth of Ayurveda at the present moment is standardisation of qualigr. but for the sake of the whole universe at large. Vipaka. Frabhava. Ayurveda has immense potentialities. Look at the manrels of Ayurveda! Bhasmas even in the smallest quantity work wonders and cure incurable diseases. All-India A5runredic University A5rurveda is closely associated with the ancient Aryan or Bharateeya culture. Treasures lie hidden in Indian or Bharateeya herbs and medicinal plants.AYURVEDA-THEORYANDPRACTICE 3I into prominence and prove to be of incalculable benefit to India and the world at large. Make your owrr Asavas. Wake up now at least. Here is a great field for your selfless senrice. Glory! A11 glory to Dhanvantari Bhagavan. too. Tap the inexhaustible herbal wealth of the Himalayas. It should be taken up by the State at once. The Aytr. Iodides. The best place for starting the All-India Ayu. Sushruta. This is your very onerous duty. co-ordinate to organise themselves and help in the establishment of this University. s5rmpathisers and lovers of Ayurveda must co-operate. and obtain the grace of the Lord. The wealth of India is being drained by the import of sulphonamides.rvedic Pandits. Charaka. etc. collaborate. This will bring about uniformity in Aytrnredic education and practice. Enrich India and bring good health to the people. It should have immediately an All-India Ayunredic University for the growth and uplift of the wonderful medical science of Rishis-the Ayu. the fifth Veda! Glory to A5rurwedic Rishis. tinctures. Open your eyes. Herbs can be easily secured from Himalayas. Please discharge your duties well. Kindly fulfil it now. Vagbhata and Madhava! Glory to righteous and self-sacrificing A5rurwedic physicians! Glory. the Lord. The University will adorn the capital. It will purely produce capable and eflicient A5rurvedic graduates in vast numbers and bring forth specialists and research scholars in different branches of this wonderful and remarkable science in a very short time. the original father and supporter of the Ayurvedic medicine! . purification of heart and salvation. Delhi is the capital of India.rweda or the Science of Life. Glory to Ayurveda.PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA The establishment of an All-India Ayurvedic Universit5z is an important constructive work in India. Arishtas. Now India is free. all workers in the science. Avalehas and Ghritas.rwedic Universit5r is Delhi. He further adds that the proper means of keeping the mind in the virtuous patJr consists in avoiding too much thinking. Right conduct leads to the health and well being of body and mind. comfort. He must judge whether the action will be godd for him or not. can be modified or combated by good conduct. He says that a man must carefully judge and anticipate the utility of his actions before he begins to do it. he should not do it. peace of mind and longevity. in not thinking of revolting objects and keeping the mind ever busy or active. You may have fallen ill according to the effects of your ordinaqr Karma.m. (33) . the administration of proper medicines and the like. If the effects are beneficial for h. Ourultimate standard of good actions lies in seeking our own good.Chapter II AYI. the mind and the senses should be disciplined properly and kept under proper control. Charaka does not speak of the immutability of ripe Karmas. efforts and the observance of the ordinar5r daily duties of life. but if you take due care. The fruits of all ordinar5r actions can be checked by good conduct. you may avoid such effects and may still be in good health. To achieve this. "Atma Hita" or "Self-good" which is the end of all our actions is that which bestows us pleasure.JRVEDIC ETHICS According to Charaka the fruits of extremely wicked deeds cannot be checked by the normal efforts of good conduct. and secures sense control or conquest over the turbulent Indriyas. he ought to do it. He says that the effects of all Karmas excepting those which are extremely strong. If they are harmful. its purity or pollution etc.PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA Rebirth is entirely admitted by Charaka. even perception also proves the truth of rebirth. As a result of the evil actions of the people of a localit5r. Apart from the testimony of the Vedas and of the sages. anger. tJle gods abandon that place. . are inferred. Charaka refers to the collective evil effects of t]'e evil actions of people living in a particular locality which leads to the outbreak of epidemics. voice. There is no proper rain. There cannot be shoots without seeds. our experiences and many intellectual gifts but they do not determine the nature of our will or affect its strength of application in particular directions. He says that the fruits of our actions determine our birth. According to Charaka the nature of transmigration is controlled by the virtuous or vicious deeds of a man. intelligence and luck. the fruits of which manifest in his present life. The productivity of nature. He says that when a countqr is ruined by civil war. So also fruits can only be reaped when the actions have been performed and not if they are not performed. Charaka says that the truth of rebirth can be demonstrated by all possible proofs. mental disposition. water and the countr5r as a whole become polluted. Epidemics break out. It is seen that children are often very different from their parents and even from the same parents the children born are often very different in colour. frame of body. From the present fruits of pleasurable or painful experiences their past seeds as past Karma. The air. tl:is also is due to the sins of the people who are inflated with too much greed. The natural influences to be based on these data directly experienced is that no one can avoid the effects of the actions he has performed and that therefore what was performed in a past birth is indestructible and always follows a man in his present birth as his Karmas. pride and ignorance. are also determined by good and evil actions.. There is. smile or fear without any previous instruction or experience. be necessarily dull. There are some who remember their past lives. .AYURVEDIC ETHICS 35 From tJre present deeds as seeds. Intellectual gifts belong to the soul of the child. therefore. their future effects as pleasurable or painful experiences in another birth are also inferred. Infants know how to cry. no reason to suppose that the son of an intellectually deficient person will on that account. A child does not owe its intelligence to the father or to the mother. suck. They exist in a definite proportion' [f there is anyvariation in the proportion. Pitta (bile) and Sleshma or Kapha (phllern). climate or other environments. qm: I i arfoi5B E*r*{*qgmdrinqr: ffinlMwt: .Chapter III pocrnNE or varA. Agni is intensified or loses its intensity if the definite proportion is uPset. Though Vata. vital and interesting These three humours are very likely to be deranged easily by unsuitable food. Pitta and Kapha pervade throughout the body and are in a state of diffusion.. they build up the different tissues of the body and tone tha system. Pitta (bile) and Sleshma or Kapha (mucus). I rrqgrlfrstwlr:ll In short. viz. Therefore they are (36) . health declines and even life is jeopardized. Seat for Vata is below heart and navel or umbilicus' The centre for bile is located between heart and navel' Seat for phlegm is situated in the chest above heart and navel. The body decays through their decay' Vata. yet there are special centres for them.rveda revolves. It is the fundamental basis Ayurvedic physiolory. Pitta and Kapha form the Tridoshas' The theory of Tridoshas forms the pivot on which the whole systeitr of Ay-r. Vayu (wind). Therefore study of Tridoshas is important. thereby causing ill-health or disease. The body is sustained by the three constituents or Dhatus. If the fixed proportion is maintained. patholory and methods of oi "U treatment.P[rA-lqPHAp frdqs$ftxdtqt: Ertrttil: frr5drsfrqfdr Ii qP t rdu6 =. the three Doshas or bodily humours of the body are Vata (wind). they are called Tridoshas. bodily activities keep the Doshas healthy and in proper proportion. and Malas. They are called Tridhatus when they are in a state of equilibrium and when they support the body by supplying the necessaqr nutrition and enerry. Asanas. They circulate throughout tl'.DO CTRINE OF VATA-PITTA-KAPH AS 37 often called the Tridoshas.ns excretion such as sweat. In the state of non-equilibrium or disharmony they are called the Tridoshas. Correct diet. Pranayama. They have different colours. The most important dictum of A5rurweda is "Dosha Dhatu Mala Moolam hi Sareerarr\" i. the essential constituents of the human body consist of Doshas. Out of the three groups Dhatus mean tissues. excreta. etc. 7O ounces of Pitta in the body of an adult.e. They occur in gross forms in the abdomen and in the subtle form throughout the body. Dhatus.. urine. The Tridhatus are daily supplied by tJ:e food. In the . "Deha Dhatu" means supporters of the body. exercise. Tridoshas are also called Tridhatus. During digestion the three Doshas are poured into the intestines as secretions. In the autumn there is disturbance of Pitta.e body after absorption. and nourish the seven tissues. When their equilibrium is upset they cause disease. Bile and phlegm are primar5r principles as well as fluids which are representative of these principles. There are 80 ounces of Kapha. the five Mahabhutas. Tridoshas are made up of the five ingredients. They have different colours. The third group mea. When they are responsible for causing disease. They are secretions of the body. During the rainy season there is collection of Pitta. When they serve as nutriments or supporters of the body they are called Tridhatus. They act on food. Vata. Health and Diseaaea Doshas are the forces which regulate and control the Dhatus and Malas. Basti. they oppose in various ways the general process of the . Diseases are generated through the disturbance of one Dosha or two or three. you get diseases. unwholesome food produces disharmony or loss of equilibrium in the Doshas. they help tJle functioning of ttre system. When the Tridoshas are in a state of equilibrium. Fasting also helps in bringing back the lost equilibrium. They are regarded as Dhatus or supporters of the body. Increase of vitiated Doshas is the beginning of disease. It brings on Prakopa of Doshas. exercise and physical activities bring backthe Doshas into a state of equilibrium or harmony. etc. Regulated. Pitta and Kapha are independent agents. Purgatives relieve a-ffections of Pitta. Organic changes take place in the tissues. They work in unison with a man's Karma and also in unison with a man's mind. They get located in certain parts of the body. you enjoy health. Emetics throw out Kapha and bring relief. balanced and wholesome food. Different conditions need different treatment as Pancha Karma.38 PRACTICE OF AYI'RVEDA harvesting season there is lowering of Pitta and collection of Kapha. When the equilibrium is disturbed. So long as the waste products are not in deficiency or excess. In the summer there is collection of Vata. Enema gives relief to Vata s5rmptoms. Faulty. When there is excess or deficiency of one or more of them. harmony or equipoise. Doshas are circulated. Swelling turns into abscess. restorative medicines. Swelling occurs due to local infiltration. In the next stage. light (Laghu). colour and health of the body and endow a man with long life. Its colour is yellow. Sattva predominates in Pitta. active (Teekshna). slimy (Mritsnah) and motionless (Sthira). The taste is astringent and the colour is light red. It is saltish in an immature state. . Seat The seat of Kledaka is mouth and stomach. The seat of Avalambaka is thorax. quickly penetrating (Saram). The seat of Aalochaka is inside the pupil of the ey*retina. cold (Seetha). Laghu (lightness). The seat of Bhraajaka is skin. slightly viscid (Sneha). Tamas predominates. slightly foul smelling (Visrum). they produce contrar5r results and eventually break the whole balance of the system and destroy it. Then they are considered as Doshas or polluting agents. When Vata. the strength. Characteristics The characteristics of Vata are Rooksha (dr5rness). Pitta is hot (Ushna). Colour is white. The seat of Tarpaka is head. But when they are disturbed. The seat of Sleshaka is mouth.DOC"TRINE OF VATA-PITTA. The seat of Bodhaka is mouth. Khara (roughness). heary (Guru). Seetha (coolness). Rajas predominates in Vata. The seat of Ranjaka is heart. Sookshma (subtlety) and Chala (mobility). The taste is sweet. soft (Slakshna). Pitta and Kapha are in their natural state of equilibrium.KAPHAS working of the system. they contribute to the efficiency of all the sense-organs. slow (Manda). The seat of Paachaka is between stomach and small intestines (Amasaya) and Pakvaasaya. liquid (Dravam). Kapha is viscid (Snigdha). imagination. Vata is the force which gives all kinds of movements or the dynamic activity and sensation to each and every part of the body inside and outside. Vata is a Dravya matter of which the force is a quality. It causes inspiration and expiration. It builds up cells to fiIl up a breach. It contributes enerry (Utsaha). circulation of blood and internal purification of the system. It regulates the functions of the mind and the wi[l. It causes bodily and mental movement. the lower abdomen is the seat of Vata. tr\rnctlons The whole human activities are controlled by these principles or important forces. memory. It invigorates and vitalises all the senses. The physical and mental functions are performed by Vata. neck and upper abdomen. glow in the complexion. speech. The chest is the seat for Kapha. Vata causes muscular activity. . It sustains the body. the upper part of the abdomen is the seat for Pitta. It contributes ejective forces. voluntary movement. Pitta does all metabolic activities. The seat of Apana is pelvis and below. feeling and understanding. hunger. It causes cohesion of the different systems. Movement and feeling are the chief functions of Vayu or Vata. The seat of Vyana is heart and whole body. The functions of the nervous system are the functions of Vata. understanding. intelligence. Pitta is the source of all internal heat including digestion. thirst. enerry. neck and chest. Vata is the source of all inspiration. Kapha maintains equilibrium in the human system. The seat of Samana is umbilical region. The seat of Udana is chest.PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA 40 The seat of Prana is head. Pitta is that force which as Jatharagni or the digestive fire. It upholds the constituents of the body.DOCTRINE OF VATA-PITTA-KAPHAS 4I function of sight. general strength.atty matter into fatty acids. Vata is that secretion of the alimentaqr canal which converts food into assimilable materials. Pitta Pitta is that secretion which turns alt f. The metabolic activities are carried on by Pitta. It is the first of the three primal constituents of the living body. Saliva is Kapha. Vata Vata is the most important of the three Doshas as it performs the most useful functions. Kapha converts the starch into sugar. The five kinds of Pitta are Panchakam.e moving parts of the body. . etc. etc. forbearance. marrow. The Kapha represents the body-water and watery materials of the body. supports and lubricates all the parts of the body. such as blood. All the parts of the body are pierced by Vata. fat. The foetus in the womb is allected by Vata. breaks dqwn the particles of foodstuffs in the form of Rasadhatu. Kapha Kapha or Sleshma is that force which unites. Soohakam. etc. potency. Ranchakam. flesh. steadiness. The chief function of Pitta is production of heat. Kapha is responsible for the smoothness of body. The chief function of Kapha is lubrication (Sechanam). It contributes courage. Alochakam and Prajakam. especially tl. Mind is checked from all undesirable objects. softness of the body. The stamina of the body depends upon the Kapha. Pitta predominates. when there are excretion of mucus. Mamsa (flesh). Vasti. giddiness. which emulsifies the food. flatulence. Pitta and Kapha respectively.. sleeplessness. . urine and skin become yellowish. Majja (marrow) and Shukla (sperm). weakness. loss of appetite. weakness of joints. Medas (fat). excess of sleep. Symptoms When There Is Predominance When Vata is predominant. thirst and sleeplessness. Rasa Rasa is the juice that is derived from the digested food. there are pain in the joints. emaciation. When one feels heaviness of body or head. pallor of body. It nourishes the whole body. Sapta Dhatus Sapta Dhatus are the seven basic elements of the human body. body is light. exhaustion. Vireka and Vamana are the brief methods of treatment for Vata. darkness of complexion. maintains and supports it. lack of memory. when there are intense hunger. viz. Kapha predominates. Asthi (bone). low temperature. heaviness in breathing. constipation.'RVEDA The five kinds of Kapha are: (1) Avalambaka Kapha found in the chest. (2) Kledaka Kapha is found in the Amasayam (stomach). (4) Sleshaka Kapha which keeps intact the joints and other similar structures. (3) Tarpaka Kapha which invigorates the heart. When there is a burning sensation in the body and the eyes. tremor.42 PRACTICE OF AYI. Rasa (chyle). and (5) Bodhaka Kapha which renders the tongue to perceive taste. which controls the deficiencies relating to the Kapha in general in the body. the stool. It is chyle. cough. Rakta (blood). Fat is flesh digested by the natural fire. Mamsa is blood digested by the natural fire which is condensed by the wind. It becomes red by the heating effect of Pitta. bad smelling. inflammation in the mouth. It becomes thick or thin. green. frothy. erysipelas. Blood circulation was known to Indians already before Harwey (1619 A. netfle rash. It is produced from blood.D. black. abscess. nose. Blood is rendered impure by the Doshas. Mamsa Mamsa is flesh.DOCTRINE OF VATA-PITTA-KAPHAS 43 Rasa is transformed into Rakta or blood at the end of five days. Malia (Marrowf It is a tough juice of bones digested by the naturd fire. Swelling of the body. It requires a month in order to become spenn or semen or in the case of women. anaemia are caused by impure blood. .). It is the support or skeleton of the body. tedar Medas is fat. Blood (Rakta) originates from Rasa or chyle. Astht (Bonef Bone is fat digested by the natural fire and dried by the wind. eyes. Its colour is compared with that of ruby. It has its chief place in the abdomen or belly. haematuria. when it reaches the liver and spleen. yellow. indigestion. ovum. blue. skin diseases. It becomes pungent or sour and produces many diseases owing to weakness of digestion. It is also present all over the body. The practice of Sanzangasana.. Health and Dlseases Disease is the disturbance of tJ. so is the Ojas to the tissues. i. It is very fine and subtle. It has motion. bleeding. Ojas constitutes Ojas. It is a tonic. exhaustion. It gets deteriorated by gnef. Great derangement of Ojas leads to death. Rasas and Karmas.e equilibrium of the Dhatus. It is circulated to all parts of the body by vessels to supply nutrition and enerry to the tissues. It has its place in the heart as a centre. Deteriorating changes take place in the body on account of decrease and increase of the basic elements or Dhatus of the body. anger. Sperm stone and excessive discharge of semen take place on account of over-abundance of Shukla The quintessence of all the semen elements is called Ojas. hunger. It is delicate. It is only. There is no life without it. Sirshasana restores the equilibrium of Ojas and perfect health. generative fluid that originates from the marrow. Thirst. cold and dense. tremor occur on account of decrease of Rasa.PRACTICE OF AYI. It pervades the whole body. . the elements that uphold the body. wasting diseases. salivation take place on account of increase of Rasa. The Dhatus are the constituents. heart diseases. It nourishes the tissues. Ojas is heat. It has a volume. etc. fear. vitality or Bala. It is stored in the seminal bags. It is the vital enerry.iRVEDA Shulrla (Semenf This is the vital.e. Just as the ghee is to the milk. Sex-harmony by the maintained equilibrium of Ojas. white. Nausea. There are pain in the penis and the testicles. impotency or slowness in tl:e emission of semen on account of decrease of Shukla. Health 1S is enerry. clear acid almost colourless. Still another part goes to the flesh and increases it. Then two juices come from the Pancreas and liver respectively known as pancreatic juice and bile. This is spoken of as the Rasa. The Rasa is usually translated as 'chyle. The body works properly only when these elements are in proper proportion (Samayogavahin). But besides this Rasa which is produced from time to time. Thus a sick man is in a state of Dhatu Vaishamya. There are external s5rmptoms of Dhatu Vaishamya' They are called Vikaras. and yet another increases the fat. tJrere is the pennanent Rasa in the body.'i. It converts the food (that gets into the stomach) into a pulp. It is produced as a result of the digestive process. The modifications of the five elements which cooperate together to uphold the body are called Dhatus' When one or more of the Dhatus become less in quantity or become more to the extent of making the cooperation between them impossible. Apas.. there are Rasa and Rakta.DOCTRINE OF VATA-PITTA-I(APHAS The body is a Samudaya or collection of the modification of five Bhutas or elements: Prithvi. known as the chyle. Tejas. One part of tJ:e chyle (the Rasa that is produced in the stomach) increases the pernanently existing Rasa (the Dhatu-rupa-rasa) to a certain extent. a healthy man is in a state of Dhatu Samya.e. Vayu and Akasa. It is called Dhatu-rupa-rasa. On the contra4r. Another part of the chyle (Rasa) gets the same colour and smell of blood and increases the blood (Rakta). the white milky fluid formed by the action of pancreatic juice and bile on chyme. there is Dhatu Vaishamya or the disturbance of the equilibrium of the Dhatus. This juice coming from the stomach is a thin. Just as Dhatus are elements that uphold the body. . It is by noticing these Vikaras that treatment is started. when food enters the stomach. Chyme is the food converted into acid pulp by gastric secretion. Thus these three juices act upon the food and reduce it into a white mil[y fluid. It is a body constituent. Thus Va5ru. They are called Mala-dhatus. and because the chyle enters into every constituent of the body. it is clear that it greatly determines the nature of tJ. But these three [V'ayu. inhalation and exhalation (Uchvasa and Nishvasa).. That is the reason why scriptures lay emphasis upon what is called Sattvic food. giving the necessarJr amount of heat. of the body. For that reason they are called Doshas. one of the classical authorities on A5runreda. It is Va5ru that contributes energr (Utsaha). Dhatus so long as they do not exceed their proper measure.e constituents of the body. Pitta with Sattva Guna and Kapha with Tamoguna. helping the function of sight.. the commentator on Sushruta. the food is such as to produce beneficial results. and those which puriff the body and sustain it.pravartana). Now Mala-dhatus and Prasada-dhatus must cooperate with one another in sustaining the body. Of all . says that Vayu is to be identified with Rajoguna. Balhana. i. Pitta and Kapha are very valuable.46 PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA Wheir the chyle has entered into the Dhatu-rupa-rasa. to add to its strength. there will be harm done to the body. Pitta helps the body by bringing about digestion. the whole circulation begins. The qualities of the body are of two kinds: those which make the system foul. power of understanding (Dhee). The chyle is primarily food. It is Va1ru. modilied byjuices. If. courage (Sourya) and giving softness to the body. developing ima grnation (Medha). good will be done to the body. the Mala. If the food is such as to produce harmful results. bodily and mental movements (Cheshta) and ejective forces (Vega. The Mala-dhatus must function properly for sending out the waste products of the body.e. Pitta and Kapha that are primarily 'responsible for all kinds of morbidities of the body. They are the Prasada. The Prasada-dhatus must function for building up the tissues etc. on the other hand. Kapha gives steadiness and smoothness and is helpful for uniting the joints etc. Pitta and Kapha] are also body constituents. Vayu is located in the region of the pelvis and the rectum. (l. (3) as the controller (Niyanta) of tJ:e mind from all undesirables and as the director (Praneta) towards all the desirables. (Seetha) cold. it helps tJre eyes to see and so it is called Lochaka. It does many functions and so has many names-it cooks and so is Pachaka. Its functions are (1) sustaining the machinery of the body. (5) as the carrier of the stimulation of sense-objects. . It is watery. and in the unhealthy state of body. which otherwise wilt destroy the whole body with its excessive heat. the excreta and urine on the other. the head and in atl joints of the bodY. it is sour. thie heart. it is a liquid having blue or yellow colour. (8) as being the root of joy and mental enerry.. Apana. called Ranjaka.DOCTRINE OF VATA-PITTA-KAPHAS 47 these. From the stomach it works in other centres iw. the tongue. It is situated between the stomach (Amasaya) and the smaller intestines (Palivasaya) and it cooks all food and drink. it gets up proper activities in other parts of the body. it separates the chyle on the one hand. heat. (2) the functions of Prana. (4) as the cause of the emplo5nnent of the sense-organs. (This is the description of Charaka). the throat. Though it is situated in one place. it is ttre Pitta which corresponds to the Sattva Guna that is most powerful. therefore. (Sukshma) subtle. It gives redness to the blood and is. It is hot. (6) as the mover of speech. It serves intellecttral purposes in the heart and so is called Sadhaka. Udana and Samana. It is described as (Ruksha) dry. It gives a glossy appearances to the skin and so it is called Bhrajaka. (Visada) scattering everything else in different directions and (Khara) rough.aghu) light. It flows downwards and neutralises the bile. (Chala) moving. (7) as being the cause of touch and sounds. Likewise Kapha is located in the stomach. Susruta says that Pitta is the fire in the body and that there is no other fire than Pitta. [t possesses a bad smell. delirium. Vata answers to air. Each temperament signifies that the individual is susceptible to certain peculiar diseases. weakens the system.. the sanguineous. the . with differences of functional activit5r. It is clear that most of tJ. weakens the sense-organs and is responsible for fear. Temperament is defined in the Quain's dictionary of medicine as "correlations of grouped differences existing €rmong men." Temperaments are either innate or physiological or unnatural influences and are liable to partial or complete alteration by disease. while the lymphatic to dropsy and certain other disturbances of a constitutional character. of mental endowment and disposition and of affection by external circumstances. enables us to realise the importance of Pranayama. Persons of bilious temperament generally suffer from bilious and digestive troubles. etc. The sanguineous temperament predisposes to severe fevers. We distinguish four principal physiological forms of temperament. takes away the colour of a person. bilious and nervous. bleeding (Haemorrhage) and acute inflammation. Of the three Vata. Kapha. Kapha to water.. Pitta (bile) to the element Agni.. arise from a combination of the individual peculiarities of constitution. viz. gnef.PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA It is Va5m in its undue proportions that brings about all sorts of troubles. makes him feel unhappy and sad. age. environments. lymphatic or phlegmonous. The intermediate forms such as the nervo-sanguineous. Temperament is essentially a quality having a hereditary origin. in respect of physical structuie and conformation. Pitta. hardship and other extraneous circumstances. The above account of the functions of Vayu and also of the disorders which are associated with Va5nr.e human disorders which have a Vayu origin can be removed by Pranayama. That is why Hatha Yoga emphasises it. the lymphatic-bilious etc. Patients suffering from bile are generally over 30 years ofage and under 60. Phlegm holds its regime in the evening hours. when the sperm mingles with the o\ lm. God-fearing and moral. Bitter taste and the rise of temperature of the body denote an increase in bile. His body always sweats. The pulse of a person in whom bile is predominant is rapid and strong. persorrs between 60 and 90 are phlegmatic in temperament. sluggishness of mind and body. He suffers from bilious complaints. the child acquires a bilious temperament and so on. dull intellect. low sexual power. diminution of ovum and black complexion. Persons having a rheumatic tendency are generally under 40 years of age. when the spermatozoa of the sperm come in contact with the ova.DO CTzuNE OF VATA-PITTA-KAPHAS 49 foetus in the womb is influenced by that which predominates at the time of impregnation i. apathy. He has a fine physique and an enduring frame. Sweating of the body and sweet taste indicate an increase in phtegm. Increase in air is indicated by a reduction of temperature in the body and sour taste.e. He is generally pious. cold and flabby state of the body. Bile exerts its influence in midday hours. He has a fair skin. His body is hot.. frequent yawning. Sexual desire is great. Vata holds its regime in the morning hours. If the bile is preponderating. costive state of the bowels. The lymphatic temperament is characterised by a slow and feeble pulse. The patient suffering from phlegm has a feeble pulse. . The hairs turn prematurely grey. feeble appetite. the selection and properuse of the different dietetics.Chapter IV p__gcrRlllE9t__EAs4u_vEERy_A.-AI(AA!D-P-RAB-UA-V4 Rasa The entire knowledge of the preparation and application of drugs in the treatment of the sick. The A5runredic physician should have a very good knowledge of this doctrine and the preparation of medicines and their uses. (2) Amla (sour). Many diseases are caused by eating together things which are opposed to each other in Rasa. depend entirely on the Rasa. He does immense harm to the patients and brings their rrin. The six Rasas are (1) Madhura (sweet). An able A5rurvedic physician estimates the correct proportions of the combinations of the Doshas and Tridhatus. Guna. The theory of Rasas or tastes plays a vital part in Ayurveda in the selection of medicines and diet and in diagnosing diseases and arranging their cures. (3) Lavana (salt).vU'. (4) Tikta (bitter). There are six tastes (Shad-rasas) in all the eatable substances. (s0) . He who begins to practise Ayu.rveda and to treat patients without this basic knowledge is like a blind man. or Veerya. Vipaka and Prabhava of the drugs and the dietetics. Veerya. plans the combinations of Rasas and administers to the patients the suitable Rasas and brings about the harmony or equilibrium of the Doshas' He finds out the correct causes and the correct s5rmptoms of diseases and very successfully and wonderfully treats his Patients. (5) Katu (pungent) and (6) Kashaya (astringent). Vipaka. morbidit5r of air. life. diabetes. Excess of sweetness produces stoutness. with water and fire a saline taste. Katu Rasa in Greeshma Ritu and Kashaya Rasa in Vasanta Ritu. but in some Rasa some of the elements predominate and in accordance with these there are differences among the various Rasas. and destroys poison. Sweet Rasa glves longevit5r. It pleases and clarifies the five senses and the mind. with air and fire. It is extrilarating. moist. checks Pitta and Vata. ' The source of all these Rasas is water. One Rasa is predominantly developed in one Ritu or season. bitter. All the five elements are present in all Rasas. The acid (Amla) invigorates and energises digestion. hard breathing. . astringent. does good to the skin and throat. It is light. excess of sleep. with the predominance of earth and fire an acid taste. With the predominance of Soma there is sweet taste. It stimulates the mind. Madhura Rasa generally develops to its best in Hemanta Ritu. It relieves thirst. hot and pungent. flesh. All Rasas exist in an unmanifested state in water. oily. Pleasantness (Svadu) or unpleasantness (Asvadu) of taste depends on liking or disliking. f. cough. The sweet Rasa increases blood. produces strength and colour of the body.at. Tikta Rasa in Sisira Ritu. with air and Akasa. they nourish the body well and keep it in good health. etc. and produces moistening cold and heaviness etc. marrow. It promotes the growth of hair. enlargement of the glands. they vitiate the Doshas or humours and cause various diseases. It is soothing to the skin. laziness. Lavana Rasa in Sarad Ritu. lubricating and rejuvenating. warn. VEERYA. with air and earth. It is cooling. It improves voice.DOCTzuNE OF RASA. VIPAKA AND PRABHAVA 51 If the objects which contain these Rasas are properly used. does good to the senses. Amla Rasa in Varsha Ritu. If they are improperly used. promotes appetite. semen. develops the body and removes Vata. causes thirst and burning sensation. It possesses valuable properties. The saline taste is digestive. . secretes Kapha. It is digestive. It causes fatigue and weakness. Katu Rasa (pungent taste) makes the appetite keen. Substances which have bitter taste like Chirata. It kills worns. [t is moist. allays itching of the skin. marrow and semen. shrivelling of the skin. It causes grey hairs. vitiates blood. It is very acute and penetrating. Excess ofTikta Rasa dries up Rasa. Excess of l. checks fever. bleeding. vertigo and Vata diseases. It promotes appetite. causes burning sensation of throat. fat. Rakta and Pitta. It dries up sweat. pus. This is direct clinical experience of Ayurvedic doctors. It promotes Vata diseases. It purifies the mouth and stimulates the senses. Kashaya Rasa (astringent taste) dries up the moutle and arrests secretions. etc. It counteracts the oiliness of the Kapha. chest and heart. Excess of this Rasa dries up the mouth. eruptions on the skin. It diminishes vitality and causes looseness of teeth. distention of the abdomen and pain in the heart. allays vitiated Kapha. causes burning in the throat and body. [t is oily. It causes softness to the limbs. Bitter taste (Tikta Rasa) reduces toxins and poisons. worrns. alopecia or baldness. warrn. It removes Vata.avana Rasa vitiates Pitta. Excess of Katu Rasa destroys the virile fluid. Rakta. flesh. reduces the virile fluid and causes Vata diseases like one side paralysis. Guduchi or Neem have the property of reducing fever (Jwara Hara). [t increases the action of poisons. thirst and weakness.52 PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA Excess of Amlarasa increases the Pitta. a. But Kashaya Rasa in M5rrobalam and Amla Rasa in Amalaki are most prominent. Katu. VEERYA. dried ginger. sour curd. Substances which have astringent taste are the least nutritious. Substances with bitter. Tikta and Madhura check Pitta. Myrobalam and Amalaka are endowed with all Rasas except Lavana. If the six Rasas are used properly they nourish the body and bestow good health. In such cases the taste which changes after digestion (Paka)will be operative. T\rlasi. Chillies. Saindhava Lavana possess Lavana gooseberry) are endowed Rasa. Milk. long pepper. they vitiate the Doshas and cause various diseases. Madhura. Neem. The taste (Rasa) of some substances changes altogether after digestion. catechu. Tikta and Kashaya check Kapha. Amla and Lavana Rasas control Vata. ghee. garlic. . Haridra. tamarind. Lemon. VIPAKA AND PRABHAVA 53 Substances which have a sweet taste are more nutritious than sour and saltish substances. Chirata. In green gram Kashaya and Madhura exist but the former is more prominent in it. dates. pungent and astringent tastes are less nutritious. Amalaka (Indian \rith Amla Rasa. wheat.DOCTRINE OF RASA. asafoetida. Karilla possess Tikta Rasa or pungent taste. mango. possess Katu Rasa.recanut are endowed with Kashaya Rasa or astringent taste. Common salt. Draksha. There are many drlgs or DrarSras which contain many Rasas in different proportions. if they are used improperly. Gudoochi. The force of taste produced by the final operation of the digestive process is naturally strong. coconut possess Madhura Rasa. Kashaya. Myrobalam. . Paka or digestion takes place. but it really increases it on account of its being Seeta Veerya (of cold potency). During digestion the food or substance undergoes many changes.PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA The effect of substances which contain several Rasas on the system is a complex one. moving (Visada). cold (Seeta). . It is the capacity of a substance to render the system heat or cold. For example sugarcane must remove Vata owing to its sweetness. This changing of the Rasa of ttre substance into a certain similar or dissimilar Rasas is called Vipaka. slippery (Picchila). Ushna Veerya and Seeta Veerya. Rasa (taste). This Veerya accounts for the effects of the drug from the time of ingestion and as long as it lasts in the body.. Sometimes potency overcomes Rasa by its power and makes its own tendencies felt. it comes in contact with the Jatharagni or digestive fire (Pachaka Pitta). There are two kinds of Veerya. byVeerya to some extent. Veerya Veerya is Sakti or potency. A substance contributes its properties to the body by Rasa to some extent. because a medicine produces effects in all these four ways according to its own nature. Veery4. byVipaka to some extent and by Prabhava to some extent. moist (Snigdha). ti7z.(potency) and Vipaka are all important. The potency (Veerya) of things is of eight kinds viz.. Vipaka When you eat a substance or when you drink something. soft (Mridu) and sharp (Tikshna). dry (Ruksha). Drarrya (substance). hot (Ushna). The Rasas are changed. Madhura Vipaka increases Kapha.. Vipaka is more powerful than Rasa. Veerya is more powerful than Vipaka. Prabhava means the mysterious operation of a medicine acting in an unaccountable way. Prabhava is more powerful than Vipaka. Prabhava A Dravya operates by itself in an unthinkable way (Achintya).DOCTRINE OF RASA. Amla Vipaka increases Pitta and Katu Vipaka increases Vata. Prabhava is more powerful than Veerya. They are not inimical towards each other. Madhura Vipaka. The Rasa. Prabhava is the most powerful of all. Allopaths call t)tis alteratiue . All these produce their effects in their own time. VIPAKA AND PRABHAVA 55 There are three Vipakas for all Dravyas or substances viz. Vipaka and Prabhava of all substances have been codified in Ayurveda. Rasa is direcfly known by the tongue but Vipaka is inferred from its effects. Amla Vipaka and Katu Vipaka. VEERYA. which is called Dravya-Prabhava or a specific Sakti. Veerya. rice. spring (March and April). sleep in the day time. sour. acid and salt things should particularly taken. Emetics are beneficial in this season. each with a regular duration of two months. Sugar. Tepid baths are beneficial. light. A nap in the noon is beneficial. Vasanta promotes phlegmatic diseases. heating substances can be taken with much advantage. soup and milk may be freely taken. new grain. the rainy season (July and August). sweet. curds. The clothing should be warn. (s6) . the sultry season (September and October) and Hemanta Ritu. They are Sisira Rtu. Moonlight is healthy.ES IN AYIJRVEDA The Six Seasons India has the advantage of enjoying the six seasons. Wheat and rice should be a year old. salt and acid things. Avoid heavy. Massage is condemned. Dry. The body should be smeared with oil. Bodily exercise is also beneficial. Take barley. In Sisira the morning meal should never be be neglected. oily and sweet food. Avoid sleep in the day time. Wheat. light and liquid things are beneficial. the dry season (roughly January and February). Pungent. the hot season (May and June). Physical exercise before bath is particularly recommended in this season. pungent. jaggery. Varsha Ritu. In Greeshma.ChapterV HYGIENIC PRINCIPI. This season is generally unhealthy. the winter season (November and December). oily. Sarad Ritu. cooling. wheat. Vasanta Rtu. A knowledge of the climates is indispensable for the Ayurwedic physician. Greeshma Ritu. Avoid pungent. sesarnum and massage are very agreeable. Masha should be taken. sugarcane. In Hemanta the rules of conduct to be observed are similar to those prescribed for Sisira. There is little rainfall. thick forest. Shami. new rice and hot water should be taken. Water is scarce. rice. geese. cranes. ashingent and bitter things may be taken. Fat. hot and acid substances are injurious. wheat. Arka. The fruits are very sweet. suga-rcane. milk. sweet. In such a countr5r phlegmatic diseases (Kapha) are very common. Massage is beneficial.JRVEDA In Varsha sweet.HYGIENIC PzuNCIPLES IN AYI. The water-supply is from wells. . Peela and Jujube trees are abundant. hares. wheat. There are thorny trees and bushes. milk preparations. mild and cooling winds. Jangala and Sadharana or Mishra. There are swans. kidney bean. plantain tree. Curds. deer and other wild animal. Avoid bitter drinks. sour. In summer and in rainy season man is very weak. Give up sleeping by day. There are hot and bad winds. Curds should not be taken without being mixed with black pepper. white. pigs. pungent. sweets. ghee. buffaloes.lakes and mountains. sour and saline things. oil. There are detached and scant5r hills. Beasts like donkeys. rice. purgatives. Jangala is a dry and even countr5r. Anupa is a moist and marshy countr5r with numerous rivers. There are paddy. tender and fleshy body. Kareera. There are various fruits and vegetables. This is the most unhealthy season in India. cohabitation. Have massage. barley. Sarad gives rise to bilious disorders. fats and oils. bears and spotted deer are found in great number. Divisions of Land The division of land is threefold according to climatic conditions namely Anupa. The people have a soft. Varsha gives rise to wind complaints. In Sarad ghee. etc. This will prevent the falling of grey hair and produce good sleep. They suffer There is little grass. . This will prevent deafness. fatigue. The three basic principles (Tridoshas) are held in equilibrium.PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA It is rich in corn and tJ:e like. This will remove Kapha and fat and make the limbs strong. Such a countr5r is naturally the best. The inhabitants have a strong but thin body. heat. It is neither too moist nor too hot. In tl is countr5r cold. Mishra is a country which has all the advantages of Anupa and Jangala without their disadvantage. stiffness of throat etc. Food Take two meals a day. dr5mess. Rub the feet with oil. because it promotes health and long life. Take a little rock salt and fresh ginger before taking food. Massage the body with gingily oil or Narayana Tailam. numbness of feet. in the morning between 9 and 12 O'clock and in the evening between 7 and 10. Take cold bath' Oil the ears with sesarnum oil. A man suffering from a phlegmatic disorder may with advantage go to a Jangala countr5l. sciatic pain. This will produce good sleep. Elephantiasis of the swampy land is not present here. This will clear the throat and sharpen the appetite. Use of Oil Use BrahmiAmla oil. This will remove roughness. One suffering from biliary complaints will be benefited by resorting to an Anupa country. fissures of the feet. difficulty in hearing and will remove ear-diseases. from diseases of bile and Vata. heat and wind are proportionate. Charaka says that one should not sit for taking food facing the north. Surya and Aswini Kumaras when you take your food. bitter and astringent things at the end. Remember Agast5ra. It gives good health. Pomegranates. Agni.ace the south. Remember Hanuman. This will glve you good digestion. If one passes wind when he takes his food he must leave off eating.. and one desirous of true knowledge should sit looking towards the north. Walking after dinner promotes life. He must not take any food during the day. Take hard substances in the beginning. of wealth towards the west. one desirous of fame must f. and pungent. jaundice.e liquids towards the end of the meal. sugarcane and similar things should be eaten frrst and never at the end of dinner. This will give you the power of helping the digestive organs. This will avert the influence of evil eyes. The use of glass vessels cures chlorosis. Do not run soon after taking a meal.HYGIENIC PRINCIPLES IN AYI. Finish your midday meal with a tumbler of Takra or buttermilk. Food served in brass utensils cures phlegmatic disorders and expels wonns. son of Anjana when you take your meals. But Manu says that one desiring longevity should face the east when he takes his food. . Sweet things should be taken first.RVEDA Food taken in silver plate promotes functions of the liver. Mangala. soft things in the middle and tJ. When you take food a tumbler of water should be placed on the right side. salt and acid substances next. Food. on the anniversar5r days of dead parents. Astika. Immediately after taking food. lie down on the left side for a short time. ride or run. sit by the fireside. Sushruta is of . as well as on the 8th. evacuation of the bowels. and 15th days of fortnights (light and dark). You will get wealth by keeping your head towards tl:e east. cohabitation. This helps digestion. You will pass a dreamy night by keeping your head towards the west. fight. Sleepingwith one's head towards the south prolongs life. practise physical exercise or Asana. when you retire to bed. Surya Nadi works when you lie on the left side. Sankranti. interview with great persons should be done when the breath is passing through the right nostril.PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA After food. sing. cohabitation. Do not take curd at night. taking medicine. Night meals should always be light. in the daytime. Recite the names of the five happy sleepers namely Agast5ra. Sleep Do not sleep with the head towards the north. Morning cohabitation is injurious. studying and walking in the street should not be indulged in at sunset. it is highly injurious to bask in the sun. Curd should never be taken without the addition of some salt. at midnight and during an eclipse. Madhava and Muchukunda. swim. sleep. Pranayama or study. Kapila. Sexual Health Sexual intercourse is prohibited for the first four days after the appearance of the menses. sleep. Food. 14th. You will get sound sleep. thirsty. It will impair the eyesight. Do not hurt the gums. Scrape the tongue with a tongue scraper. Cleanse with water and earth. Cold water should never be added to hot water for bathing purpose. Answer the calls of nature first. sneezing.HYGIEMC PRINCIPLES IN AYURVEDA 6I opinion tJ:at the carnal desires may be gratified at the interval of a fortnight. Have sexual intercourse when the breath is flowing through your right nostril. General Rules of Hygiene The hair in the nose should not be pulled out. Get up before sunrise. Cleanse the teeth twice daily. Drink a small quantity of water through the nose. Bathing after a meal is injurious. Pranayama. should not indulge in sonral intercourse. Exercise after sexual intercourse is injurious. Vyayama. who is pressed with the calls of nature. headache. . urine. After intercourse wash the hands. You will be free from the effects of old age and such diseases as piles. bilious diseases. Do not use toothbrush. phlegm. This will reduce fat. Do not sleep in the da5rtime. and drink milk. Never bathe in a nude state either at home or in public. Do not suppress natural tendencies like stool. Sexual intercourse in the daytime shortens life. Hot water should be added to cold water. Practise Asanas. Your eyesight will improve. You will live for a hundred years. Your hair will not turn grey. feet and other parts. He who has eaten a heavy meal. Drink cold water every morning at sunrise. sleep. give strength and give good digestion. constipation. Rinse the mouth with cold water and wash the face. who is hungry. shooting pain. inflammations. Charaka and Vagbhata. Parasurama and Markandeya. During the British Rule in India. who are Chiranjeevis. In this article I shall take up only such customs that have a direct bearing on the health of an individual. Kripa. A5rurveda. Ancient India realised that soil is more important than seed and hence laid a good deal of stress on positive health. You will attain long life. we were hlpnotised by the glamour of the western civilisation. become meaningless or even harmful when adopted thoughtlessly in a tropical countr5r like ours. in no uncertain terms. This will improve your vision. you should protect your body: for if your body does not exist everything that exists is non-existent to you. taking into account the seasonal variations and individual idios5mcrasies. But here are only a few rules applicable to everyone. rules to regulate every aspect of one's daily routine. Vibhishana. Bali. in an elementary form was one of the compulsory subjects taught in the schools. Some habits. Hanuman. perfectly suitable for a cold country like England. based on an accurate and intimate knowledge of the country and the people for whom they were framed." . We have imbibed a few of their good but many of their bad habits. With the regaining of the political independence. some of the most famous A5rurvedachar5ras have laid down. Therefore these rules of hygiene were known to everyone and the more important ones actually attained the status of religious customs and were regularly and universally practised. Genfly stroke the eyes with the wet hands. Sushruta. "Even at the risk of grving up ever5rthing else.PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA Recite the names of Aswatthama. Vyasa. we should also shake off the mental slavishness and turn once more with pride to our ancient customs. We would do well to go back to this routine in all schools and as many oflices as possible. "Morning and evening. wake up at tsrahmamuhurta' i. no doubt. "The tongue should be scraped with a silver or a gold scraper or a fine soft turig split longitudinally and about 1O inches long. He will relish even very sour things. however well-fashioned can never clean each individual tooth and interspace as thoroughly and genfly as a toothstick can. we may infer that people started their work at sunrise or immediately after.HYGIENIC PRINCIPLES IN AYURVEDA 'For the protection of health and life." From this. They. His throat will never be parched nor is there any fear of the lips getting chapped. His teeth will not be affected by caries and the gums will be strong. at about 48 minutes before sunrise. retired for rest during the hot midday. the teeth must be cleaned without hurting the gum with an astringent. the Indians were once famed for their excellent teeth. dry ones may be used after soaking it in water for at least 12 hours.e. If fresh twigs are not available. Ayurveda also provides excellent powders for polishing teeth. and one is asked to rise up early so as to go through the necessary ablutions carefully and leisurely. Toothpastes may be good substitutes for the natural medicinal juices present in the twigs but a toothbrush. But now the toothbrushes have helped to bring pyorrhoea and caries to almost to every house in India. Good deal of attention has to be paid to keep a toothbrush free of germs and probably not 1O% of the users do this. pungent or a bitter twig which is chewed at one end into a tuft.." No wonder. can bite any food be it ever so hard." This is something altogether new to most of us and the application of oil to mouth sounds ." "The man who cleanses his mouth with (seasame or til) wiU be free of tooth ache. so also a Srnnast is not approached by disease. overcooked or undercooked food gets digested." The Surma is still in vogue arnong both sexes of the older generations and among the rural people of India. Old age does not encroach on such a man easily. defecation. Once in five days or at least in eight days Rasanjan' must be applied in order to induce free watering of the eyes. But alas." "If a man performs physical exercises regularly even unwholesome.PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA rather unpleasant but the benefrt it promises is so good that the whole treatment seems well worth a trial. "You should apply the cool and pleasant 'Surma' (collyrium) to both eyes daily. eating and brushing the teeth respectively. the present day table manners and the present day bustle of life. They knew that- . have almost banished this good habit. "The mouth should be cleaned by gargling with cold water four." It is because they recognised the value of gargling as a preventive against infections that this custom was observed with scnrpulous regularity." What a correct estimate of the value of physical culture! And yet it was not practised indiscriminately as is done now in the schools in the form of drill at all times of the day. It must however be applied only at night as the eyes must not be exposed to the rays of the sun immediately afterwards. or sixteen times after urination. Their eyes have a beautiful lustre and their eyesight too is better than that of non-users. twelve. eight." "Just as a lion is not approached by minor animals. Physical Culture "Strength is the foundation of health: hence promote it by all the means at your command." "Enemies are afraid of approaching one who practises physical culhrre regularly. count5r. diet must determine the amount of physical culture or else the result will be disease. or the leaves or fruit which contain a frothy alkaloid when a stronger cleaner was required. The body gains in strength and in short the life is prolonged.e. After the exercise the whole body must be massaged firmly and yet smoothly." Bath 'A bath in a river is the best." . ears and feet. a bath in a lake is middling. season." "You must apply oil more profusely to the head. Besides improving the complexion and circulation of the blood in the skin the daily massage has a definite benefrcial effect on the body metabolism. It is certain that this simple process of putting a few drops of oil in the ear regularly.HYGIENIC PRINCIPLES IN AYURVEDA "Aga. Sound sleep is induced and the complexion improves. All this is because we aped the Westerner whose moist climate did not require the use of oils.. constitution." There can be no better system of physical culture than the Asanas and Pranayama once practised universally in India. And yet the modern people not only shun oil. will reduce the number of cases of ear aches. strength. a bath in awell (a small pond) is ordina4rwhile a bath in a limited amount of water as by pouring water with a lofauseless. In olden days. special earths. Abhyangam i. a bath preceded by a massage with oil was a daily ritual:"It checks old age. The sight improves and the body gains weight. they used genfle cleaners such as fine powders of pulses. Here is a common Tamil proverb: "Pay your oilman and save your doctor's bills. as it helps the elimination of wax and at the same time prevents infections. removes fatigue and body-aches. but even remove the nature protective oils by soaps. time. certain sacred days were flxed when it was obligatory for everyone to bathe in rivers and sea. the two castes where a is all important were allowed to be all.ing to its effect on one's character as SatMc. This explains why only kshatriyas and Shudras. Rajasic or Tamasic. Bathing tanks and ponds were a prominent feature of many a private dwelling. Here is the model diet man-power . it must be cleansed by a morning bath daily'" This rule was so rigorously enforced that even a child would never dream of having its frrst meal of the day without having a bath.66 PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA An immersion of the whole body in cold water for any length of time is no doubtinvaluable in atropical country like ours. Pitta or Kapha or accord. "Bathing the head with hot water is not good for the eyes. The manual labourers were however allowed to have their bath at the end of the day. for prescribed non-vlgetarians. Cold water on the head is good for eyes'" Let our people take note of this' Food The use of suitable food is the only means of promotion of health. It is interesting to note that they knew the special value of meat as a tissue-builder and enerSr-sustainer and that the flesh of chicken and some other birds was prescribed for increasing fertility. according to its effect on the body tissues as augmenter of Vata. use of unsuitable food causes disease. when their day's toils were over. Everyone of the articles of diet is described carefully in A5nrrvedic books and classified under one or other of the iollowingheadings. "Very dirty is the body with its nine outlets which throw out waste products throughout night and day. Hence for the sake of those who were unable to bathe in rivers regularly. country. meat of animals that live in forests. "Time. Always control your Indriyas. This produces indigestion. ghee. Even a cursory study of the ancient science will dispel their prejudice and shali give useful information. state of health at the moment. The public health officers. milk. honey and green vegetables. season. in relation to where it is grown and where it is used. eat moderately. would do well to bear in mind that old customs must be proved to be harmful before they are given up for new ones. "Never take food within one Yaama (3 hours) of the last meal. pure rain water. must determine the suitability or not of an article of diet. the custodians of nation's health. and eat at proper time. In modern language we acknowledge them as being rich in vitamins. Amalaka and ghee were given a very high place in diet. rock salt. the medical science of our country. barley." Full details are given regarding diet to be taken in case of the six Ritus or seasons of India.HYGIENIC PRINCIPLES IN AYURVEDA 67 "Grain that ripens in 6O days. Interesting to note too is the fact that milk lorown to be the best of foods was eschewed like poison in acute fevers. red rice. In fact research may be instituted into Hygiene . Amla (emblic m5rrobalan). Equally deplorable is the ignorance of the modern people. though permissible in chronic fevers. This article touches the barest outlines and is intended just to whet the curiosity of tl:e modern doctors and stimulate thought. The first two were classed among Jivaneeyas or life-giving substances. green gram. constitution. mode of preparation." Milk." "Eat suitable food. The remedy lies not in broadcasting dietetics worked by Westerners for their countr5r but in reviving A5rurweda." The depth of the knowledge of diets both in health and in disease possessed by the older generations even to this day is truly astounding. Do not allow an intenral of more than two Yaamas. schools.'RVEDA according to A5runreda and in consultation with the famous A5runredacharyas it may be possible to publish text books. . suitable for use in.68 PRACTICE OFAYI. rpirj ang alann. I. salt and water.keg g au an Antarilcsham paA cssa. consists in balanced proportions of energr-giving and heat-producing carbohydrates and fats. butter and milk are rich in fats. (2) green gram. Charaka was at the court of the Kushan emperor Kanishka in 1OO A. (a) the Amla fnrit. This is the verse: Shastrken s ali mudg amcha. the great work of A5mrveda. says modern science." says Achaqra Charaka. at Peshawar. madu chabhy aset. written in 1OO A. (5) barley. father of Western medicine (460-375 B.).D. Balanced and mixed diet. sg ndhauamata. Hippocrates. (8) butter and (9) honey. is said to have (6e) . Now grain. he only re-edited the work of Agnivesa. In fact. What is claimed as important modern discoverywas known to ancient India at least two thousand years ago.promoting vitamins. He confronted me with a question from Charaka Samhita. it sounded incredible when the A5mrvedic Pandit claimed that the principle of Balanced Diet was known to A5rurveda. protein exists in abundance in milk. salt and water complete the list. (6) rain water. These are: (1) grain.D.C. specially Atreya and Agnivesa. (3) salt. the great Ayrnredist who compiled the work. Charaka mentions predecessors. yes. (7) milk.C.ChopterW AYUnVEDA ON DIET Ancient Indlan Dietetics I would not be convinced at first. barley and honey supply carbohydrates. One authorit5r has it that the latter lived in 600 B.et us study the list in the light of modern research. Amla and milk have plenty of vitamins. body-building proteins. health. "Include these in your daily diet. AIso. it will give everlasting yorth. donkey and even the elephant is described Of fruits. horse. Charaka says: "Let your diet be anything. camel. but this is the acid test. It should protect health and prevent onset of disease. It is plainly said food should be to the inJividual's taste and colour sense and increase his appetite at the very sight of it. for instance.PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA borrowed much from Indian Materia Medica' The advanced nature of Indian medicine centuries before Christ is undisputed. The sperm deficienry in the hurnat system can. Besides recommending for the daily menu. The comprehensive food-list includes various kinds of vegetables. -coonoor discovered that Amla is the world's riqhest fruit in Vitamin C." Advice of utmost liberalism regarding the individual. It is said to contain all tastes except salt. In fact. A5rurveda knew many facts of modern medicine and dietetics. How unlike the Westernised Indian Physician of today who insists on even grey-haired vegetarians consuming egg and meat juice! Ayurveda is not rigid at all. mule. Milk preserves youth and protects the body from many a disease' Its vitalising qualities are highly praised. grain.s likes and dislikes for whatever he consumes is given at length. Alternate foodstuffs with similar qualities should be taken. milk and honey' Their effects o. it is included in many Ayurvedic medicinal The Nutrition Research Laboratories at preparations. "We have studied but . be made up by taking milk and ghee. tfr" body are also mentioned in detail. Amla gets the top rank. Milk and its products are given special attention. pulses. Milk of the goat. If taken properly. Charaka exhibits a surprising degree of liberalism' It does not insist on nourishing our tissues with similar animal tissues. It is a tragedy that these great truths exist in a confused and ill-understood form only in the rural areas. The rainy season demands caution. cane juice. In contrast. Great care should be taken regarding the bowels and the diet regulated. honey and new gain are recommended. A science which could enunciate such sound principles of diet. the heat comes out of the earth due to the rains and the water in the rivers and the lakes is impure. malt. Foods differ from land to land. a good slice of the orthodox population still practises the laws of India's ancient dietetics to a very appreciable extent. even thousands of years ago. All of them should be tasted.AYURVEDA ON DIET 7t one country. Drink is taboo. milk of another womarl is the best alternative. cooling and soothing. further study and research is thus clearly envisaged. About individuals. it is said: -There is no limit to this vast field-A5rurveda. pulse soup and vegetables are the best. included in the diet. comparing very favourably with modern dietetic principles. Winter demands rich and nourishing dishes. The weather is cloudy. Old grain. Milk. The pregnant woman's diet has to be carefully attended to." At another place. and if found beneficial. Mother's milk is the best for the child. There are orthodox famites in this country which eschew the tomato and the cabbage on the ground that they are foreign in origin. Curds and buttermilk are preferable to milk. deserves attention and patronage in free India." The need for inclusion of new discoveries. the mother and the child. A5rurveda recommends special diet for each season and to suit the physical taste of the individual. preferably in liquid form. special attention is paid to the expectant mother. summer requires a light diet. It grows with time. Rules are laid down for choosing such women. In its absence. Yet. Further research is bound to throw more light on the . Honey is good. Water taken during meals makes the digestive fire bright and water taken at the close of the food makes one fat. . Taking large quantity of water during food is harmful. Sweet things should be taken first. He should not be guided by the stroke of the clock for taking his food.hungry man taking water will develop Jalodar. Just as Agnihotra is performed morning and evening. Saltish and sour things increase the digestive power and so should be taken in the middle. He loses his health. Water should not be taken profusely before food. Sweet things are destructive of wind. Food is the Ahuti for the Jatharagni. A thirsty man if he eats food will develop Gulmarog and a.rweda. Dlet One should take food when he is hungry. Ghee should be taken first. Half the stomach should be filled with food. A hungry man shoutd not drink water and a thirsty man should not eat food. It makes the digestive fire weak. It is a sin to take food bellyful when there is no hunger. One should take a small quantity of water during meals. Hunger is Jatharagni. People dislike him. So also food should be taken in the morning and in the evening. The last item of food should be light. one quarter with water and the tast quarter should be left free for air. He should not take anything in between the two meals. This reduces wind. His digestion will be affected if he drinks targe quantity of water during food. A glutton is short-lived. Bitter taste reduces phlegm and so it should be taken last. In the end one should take bitter things. and so they are to be taken first. then saltish and sour things. Generally the rute is that one should take food in the morning and in the evening.PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA authenticrty of several of the claims in this branch of Ayu. strength and vitality. Food should be taken in a calm and quiet place. Food taken when one is weighed down by great care. in hurry. For Diet (Pathya| Food exercises a tremendous influence on the mind and temperament of the individual. He should clean his mouth well with water and remove all particles of food sticking to the mouth and teeth. climate. It is beneficial to take a small quantity of curd with salt. The interval between two meals is four hours. in a sorrowful mood affects the health and he contracts some disease or other in the long run. a Vanaprastha takes 16 a Brahmachari the quantity is undetermined. You will not succumb to any disease if you strictly obsenre the laws of diet (Pathya) and the laws of nature. the soil. Do not remain without food for more than eight hours. Wash both the hands with cold water. You will be cured ofTimira of tJ:e eyes if you do so. because . Ayurveda attaches very great importance to Pathya (diet) in the treatment of diseases. Rub the hands together a few times and apply them on the eyes. Diet varies with the place.AYURVEDA ON DIET 73 A sage takes 8 gras ofdiet. At the end of every disease elaborate directions for tl:e obserrance of Pathya are given. Without Pathya diseases cannot be cured even with thousands of medicines. This has very great effect on the health of the person. observing silence. free from anxiety and sorrow. A gras is equal to the size of an egg of a hen. the environment and Prakriti of man. At the end of the meals one should sip a little water (Achaman) and then get up. That means he has to take just what is indispensable. gras and a householder takes 32 gras. salads. pumpkin. oils. Fish has Ushna-veerya (hot). Do not take food at a time when the previous meal has not yet been digested. Do not take ghee kept in bronze vessels. joar. Never take equal quantity of honey and ghee. spicy articles. turnip. peas. sour things. Avarakai in Tamil). Jimmi Khand in Arsha. milk. molasses. Takra (buttermilk) is useful in Grahani and Arsha.8. Sugarcandy is a good diuretic. cow's ghee are all Pathya. Milk and fish are incompatibles. green vegetables. snakegourd. bajra. barley water. sesarmrm. jaggery are all anti-pathya. A man of Pitta Prakriti should take bitter things such as Patola.). Goat's milk prevents gradual wastage and emaciation of body. whey. Diet in Diseases Albuminuria In albuminuria or Bright's disease (disease of the kidneys) gwe mung dal water. . dumbness. proteins. Never take honey with hot milk. Cow's Ghee is useful in Epilepsy. Do not take alcohol with Khichadi or Paayasa. Ttrlasi. Meat should not be taken with honey. Goat's milk is beneficial in Raja Yakshma (T. Do not give salt. alcohol. Tamarind. brinjal. meat. If the rule is violated one will get deafness. sweets. cheese. rice. Ghee pacifies Vata and Pitta. chillies. pickles. Lauki (bottle gourd). Karabella. etc. blindness. Honey keeps down Kapha and Pitta. Do not take milk after taking radish. moong-ki-dal (green gram).74 PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA the tissues will waste. garlic. sugar. sago. Milk has Seetaveerya (cold). bread of wheat. Parval. beans (Chemi in Hindi. cauliflower. potatoes. Never take hot honey. Maasha (Black gram). uncooked vegetables. unripe fruits. nuts of all kinds. sweetmeats. thick pulses. prunes. figs. oranges. pastry and puddings of all kinds. milk. cheese. arrowroot. potatoes. rice. sweetmeats. mung daI. mung water. plenty of vegetables. all starchy and sugar5r foods. bananas. potatoes and fruits. etc. bajra. apples. Diabetes In diabetes take cream. joar. cabbage. milk. barley. all solid foods. D5rspepsla In dyspepsia take mung. wheat. whey. amalaka. whey. acid fruits. cheese.AYURVEDA ON DIET 75 Anaenia In anaemia give tomatoes. Constipation In constipation give barley. mangoes. butter. butter. rice and buttermilk. potatoes. sago. barley water. salads. Do not take sugar and starch in any form. Do not take past4r. buttermilk. dates. whey. cucumber. tomatoes. corn flower. milk. green vegetables. rice. green vegetables. icecream. green vegetables and fruits in small quantities. bread made of Bengal gram and wheat or barley (misre rottie). barley bread. . vermicelli. ghee in moderation. butter. Do not take pulses. pastry. banana. milk: Give up tea. barley. lemons and oranges in moderation. grapes. vegetables. prunes. wheat. take mung. Diarrhoea In diarrhoea take barley water. peas. oranges. cauliflower. sago. cabbages. rice water. grapes. spinach. buttermilk. crearn. grapes. milk. all vegetables. When the febrile stage is over. Gout Take all fresh vegetables. chana. butter in moderation. take bread. conjee in fevers. Do not take ghee. sweets. green vegetables such as cabbages.PRACTICE OFAYURVEDA Fevers Give orange juice. Obesity Take wheat. salads. bajra. mung water. wheat. oranges. cream. Do not take rich foods. Rheumatlsm During the stage of fever and joint inflammation take fluids only such as diluted milk. take milk. ghee. Do not give ghee. Phthisis Take mung. jellies. heavy foods. sago. pastrSl. all liquors. peas and other pulses. pulses. tomatoes. joar. rice. potatoes. mung water and vegetables. sweets. too much sugar. fruit jellies. In small quantities take tomatoes. solids. fresh ripe fruits. rice. wheat. milk. rice. Fifteen days after the temperature has returned to normal. . lime juice freely diluted. spinach (palak). bajra. cheese. milk. mung water. green vegetables. all fruits. milk. joar. pastries. confection. animal foods. milkpuddings. mungwater. beans. Milk should not be given for 7 days. thick pulses. too much rice. all acid fruits. butter. mung water. Typhotd Fever During the febrile stage. Do not give solid food for some days even when the temperature has become normal. Atisaram. The intense working digestive fire is caused by vitiation of Pitta. Pitta and Kapha exist in a definite proportion to maintain a state of equilibrium and which is not influenced by any of the humours. III.JRVEDA ON DIET Do not take pastr5r. gurgting sounds in the bowels and ultimately digests the food. The regular working digestive fire digests tlle food properly at the proper time. fluids only-glucose water. If the proportion in the Vata is upset. The regular working digestive fire where Vata. IV. pumpkin. The Digestive Fire Let us see what the A5rurvedic science has to say regarding digestion. black grarn.AYI. The dull working digestive fire is due to vitiation ofKapha. . a sensation of heaviness in the stomach. The irregular working digestive fire is caused by vitiation of the Vata. sweets. Here. pure water-should be given. vitiation of Vata results. wind. barley water or rice water. The food is digested by the internal fre which assumes four forms: I. II. bile and phlegm maintain a state of equilibrium The iregularworking digestive fire only occasionally digests the food satisfactorily at the proper time but at other times it causes distention of the abdomen. alcohol.rs in the bowels. gnpping pii. exertion. redness. When it burns within the body. palate and lips. animal and other kinds of heat. lustre. bronchitis. When it becomes vitiated one becomes aJflicted with disease. Pitta is the only fire present in the system. swelling and alteration of the functions in the throat. a feeling of weariness of the limbs and digests even a small quantity of food slowly after a very long time. as all acts from the digestion of food to the disintegration of tissues are performed with the help of Pitta. it causes dr5mess.78 PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA The intense working digestive fire digests quickly urny amount of food. For these reasons the Agni is the root. When this fire becomes extinguished. and the life breaths have all been the result of tfre digestive fire within the human frame or constitution. vomiting. pain. . After digestion is completed. The period of life. one lives long without diseases of any kind. even if it is taken at very short intervals. growth. health. The dull working digestive fire causes heaviness of the belly and head. the person dies. complexion. heat. strength. Ojas. asthma. enerry. salivary discharge. The subtler or transcendental Self is unchangeable (Nirvikara).ChapterWI AYURVEDIC PSYCHOLOGY Ayrrvedic psycholory is vast and profound. The senses move by the operation of mind. But this consciousness does not belong to the Self in itself. the Self is active. The Self is conscious (Chetana). as it has many functions which are not possessed by any of the other senses. If the Self were not permanent. there is another transcendental Self (Paramatma) apart from this Self. so also this entire universe is involved in the Mulaprakriti. it could not unite with itself all its past experience. It is attained only by its connection with the senses through mind or Manas. Charaka says that the mind. According to Charaka. Prakriti is (7el . the unity is broken. If any one of the components is missing. Just as the tree is involved in the seed. Knowledge implies a process and a change. The pleasure and pain. on which life rests. According to Charaka. the sufferings and enjo5rment that affect you should not be attributed to the Self but to mind or Manas. joy and sorrow. Ayurveda follows the Yogic psycholory. ASrurweda separates Manas (mind) from the ordinary senses. This is different from the Self which participates in the union of the body and the senses. The unchangeableness of the Self consists in its being able to unite with itself its past and future states. The mind moves by its activity. the Self and the body are linked togetJrer like a tripod. This Self manifests consciousness only in those parts where it becomes associated with the mind and the senses. conceit. selfcontrol (Dhriti). It is the superintendent of all the ten senses (Adhishthayaka). When the Self or Atman is associated with the mind. faith. Selfknowledge. virtue. retentive power (Medha). Prana (the upward current of breath). Sattva is light. restlessness. boastfulness. infatuation. Red colour is symbolic of excitement. sloth. truthfulness. White colour is symbolic of peace. Rajas and Tamas. The three Gunas manifest. pain. delusion). It thinks of the objects of thought and moves the sense-organs. cruelt5l. Sattva is white. It is made up of three Gunas-Sattva. . Black colour is s5rmbolic of Moha (ignorance. guided by the mind. passion. The mind comes in contact with its objects and experiences pleasure and pain. Rajas is red. effort.PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA homogeneous. Mind is tJle direct cause of pleasure and pain. untruttrfuL:ess. suffering. decision of intellect. anger. motion. The senses. struggle. there is no manifestation of Prakriti. Pride. A disturbance in the equilibrium takes place in the Prakriti and this world is projected. mercy. enerry. intelligence. sense-cognitions. impatience. sense of duty are all SatMc qualities of the mind. Kindness. Rajas is passion. it has the following qualities: desire. peace or harmony. darkness. imagrnation. are the Rajasic qualities of the mind. hatred. Tamas is inertia. When the three Gunas are in a state of equilibrium or equipoise. Tamas is black. grasp their respective objects and produce their knowledge. thought. Apana (the downward force acting in the direction of the rectum). the opening and closing of the eyelids. pleasure. Santi. A man is called SatMc. ignorant. the senses. inertia." In the sarne man the mind sometimes appe€rrs as angry. The mind grasps colour. the mind and the Self is called life (Jivita). sleepiness. The mind is atomic. virtuous. Prayatna is that particular quality by the rise of which in the soul the mind is moved to activity. viciousness. yet those senses which contain any element in a preponderating degree were regarded as made up of that element. The sense which has a particular element in a preponderating degree is considered as having by . It imagines in diverse ways. "This willdo good to me" or -This will do me harm. the sense objects. lustful. All these differences do not appear at the same time with the same person as might have been the case if there were many minds for one and the same person. Rajasic or Tamasic according as predominance of one or other of these Gunas is observed in that man. for otherwise many different functions could not be performed by one and the same mind at the sarne time. smell. darkness. mind and the soul.AYURVEDIC PSYCHOLOGY 81 Dullness. At other times it entertains lustful thoughts and appears lustful. taste and touch. But in reality the mind is one and the same for each person. The connection of the body. The five sense-cognitions are caused through the contiguity of the senses. idleness. sloth. Though all the senses are made up of the five elements. It may sometimes have religious thoughts and appear religious. sound. The one mind appears as diverse owing to various objects of thought. lack of retentive power are all Tamasic qualities of the mind. Faith is very essential in curing mental diseases. They say: "I have tried all medicines and all doctors. A man who has no confidence in the other goes on changing the doctor and medicine every day. When the body suffers. This is the height of his folly. When the mind suffers. The more he thinks thus. This is the reason why a patient gets no relief even after protracted treatment with different doctors. He suspects everybody. He has no self-confidence. A Sound Mind Ensures Sound Health The mind has very intimate connection with the body. He takes medicine from two or three doctors at a time. He thinks always that others are trying to harm him. faith is very essential." It is very difficult for a rich man to have faith in any one doctor. His own mind is the cause for his suffering. the more is he worried. But there is no relief at a11. The cause of the disease is evident and the cure is easy. Therefore one who knows the secret of keeping the mind in a healthy state can keep his body also in a sound condition. In cases where diseases of the mind are concerned. The patient . A doubting man always suffers from some disease or other. there is reaction in the body as well. A poor man has faith and he is able to get a cure-even from an ordinary doctor without much qualifications. He expects a cure for his ailment in a few hours or a few days. Then the cure is very easy.82 PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA virtue of that a special capacity for grasping that particular element. Faith in the doctor from whom he takes medicine is very essential for cure. In the case of a physical ailment sometimes the patient is able to get a cure even without much faith. He is proud of his wealth. This is his own creation. the mind also suffers. He feels that others are viewing him with suspicion and that they think very low of him. He is very impatient. The State Bank is sending me a cheque through a friend of mine. He feels relief. consumption. There are two kinds of patients suffering from mental diseases. Take for example a certain individual committed adultery with another's wife. Confession is half cure. For example one has intense desire to earn money and become rich. He has a light heart. Sometimes he expresses himself fully under the influence of the disease. One is he in whom desires are not fulfilled. He becomes light at heart. "I shall get a lakh of rupees tomorrow. He feels he is a very big man and he should not confess his crime before his juniors. They think that by such practices they can escape the Yamaraj's rod of punishment. or say he committed theft. His own mind. But the moment he admits them in public or before the [ord. leucoderrna and such other diseases. palpitation of heart. Such people . he is free from all worries. He feels that everyone is speaking about his theft or adultery privately. He has no means of doing it for he has no suitable qualification. Fear in seclusion. The second type of man has connection with his character. In the state of hysteria he says. Such a patient suffers from hysteria in the long run. Such a man develops in course of time ulcer in his stomach. I shall get the first prize in the cross-word puzzle competition. One suppresses this by his ego. A grown-up man does not confess his mistakes. In the ordinary course he is unable to express his ideas on account of shyness. The guilty conscience pricks him always. Such a man has no faith even in God. because the ego is strong in him and he suppresses the guilt. shame to face others are all due to wrongs suppressed." and so on. his guilty conscience is harassing him now.AYURVEDIC PSYCHOLOGY confesses fully and expresses himself fully. Out of fear of punishment some take to devotional practices. Do nothing which will alfect your mental peace. Disease is tl:e name for the feeble state of the mind. Thus it is clear that those who have faith in the Lord do not suffer from any mental ailment." With this faith. One who has faith in rebirth and the law of cause and effect.e. The moment some calamity overcomes them. 'The Lord is all-merciful. One who works always for the good of others never suffers from mental diseases. When you are having something bad at heart. One who has fear of God will never indulge in adultery. They do not derive the full benefit of devotion. "I have not seen in my forty years'experience as a psychologist." Mental ailment has very close connection with want of faith in God. You will become more and more healthy both mentally and physically. black-marketing. He attends to the good of all. He makes all happy. I have also not seen anyone free from his mental disease without having faith in God. You will not suffer from any mental ailment at any time. He thinks that he can escape punishment if he is not detected by those responsible for the peace of the land. wen one man who has faith in God and who had suffered from mental ailments. work for the good of all. . A great psychologist of the West has said. etc. the Lord who is the Antaryamin gives you punishment from within and as a result of that your mind always remains diseased. is seen to be more religious and God-fearing than one who has no such faith.PRACTICE OF AYI. Feel. He thinks he can do any evil and yet go unharmed. All are His children.'RVEDA are always afraid. There is very close connection with one's internal as well as external world. they give up all devotional practices. He becomes an atheist as he has no fear of punishment by any superior authority.. i. the police or other Government officials. The latter has no fear of anything. He does not believe in rebirth. Therefore ever exert to remain mentally pure. You will be ever healthy and happy. Have faith in your own Self. You will be free from all diseases.'RVEDIC PSYCHOLOGY Man gets the worst of mental diseases when he acts against the dictates of his own conscience. a slight increase of urine into diabetes. Discipline the mind. Always fear sin. hatred and fear generate murny diseases. Help others. Practise Japa. Have Satsanga. health and happiness! Worry. zrnger. Study religious books. If the patient has no peace of mind. This is the key to success. all kinds of medical treatment will fail. a litfle diarrhoea into cholera. and against the dictates of Dharma and religion. Peace of mind alone will cure every disease without any drug-treatment. Worry. Pray. meditation. Worry and fear intensiff every disease. anxiety and fear turn a litfle ordinar5r fever into typhoid. a litfle blood-pressure into very high blood-pressure. Right mental culture is the right and sure remedy for any disease. Do the right thing. Fast. Work for the good of others. You can have peace of mind. Have faith in God.AYI. . a little cough into phthisis or pneumonia. What a great marwel! What a great wonder! How intelligent they were! What Is Rrlse The heart-muscle contracts.And yet they were highly successful without the aid of appliances in finding out the exact nature of the diseases. (86) . The ancient Ayurvedic Physicians of India had attained great mastery and excellence in the science of feeling the pulse. A wave of increased pressure is transmitted by Vayu along the arteries.. They depended on the pulse for diagnosing a disease. They had no apparatuses and appliances for the examination of blood. He who has knowledge of this sublime science of pulse will be able to foretell the appearance of a disease with its progress long before it has taken a strong hold in the constitution of the patient. This wave is called Pulse. They had no microscope or sphygmometer. An accurate knowledge of the science of pulse will certainly have much of tJ. The pulse indicates the normal and abnormal conditions of the body.e unnecessa4r waste of time and money. stool and sputum. urine..ChapterWII NADI VIJNIINA (Sclence of Rrlsef Introduction The Indian Science of Pulse is a very important and vital branch of the Indian system of Medicine or Ayurveda. Of these fourteen the first three are most important. Pitta and Kapha respectively. eye. Varuni. Sushumna. Alambusa and Gandhari. The radial pulse is felt at the wrist on the radial artery by three fingers along two inches. The pulse is felt in the tibial and temporal arteries also. .rlse reveals the Doshas arising from the combination of the two Doshas or three Doshas. Yasasvini. Jivitgna and Sira are the designations of the pulse. Pingala. tongue and penis as the Prana Vayu is predominant in them. Kuhu. They are examined by the index. Visvodari. By feeling the pulse the three kinds of Doshas are ascertained by the three kinds of movement of the pulse. Tantuki. Vasa Nadi. ear. Sna5ru. Himstra. Science of hrlse There are 72.NADI VIJNANA Where to Feel Pulse Generally the pulse is felt in the radial artery. The pulse is prominent on the left side in women and on the right side in men on account of the alternate disposition of the transverse Kurma Nadi at the navel. It can be felt in the arteries in the neck. nose. The three digits commence from the root of the thumb. Sankhini.. viz. h. Payaswini. htsa. Saraswati. Hasdjihva. They all form their centres in the navel or umbilicus. middle and ring fingers respectively. slow. second and third digits represent Vata. because it rests on the bone radius and it is easily accessible too. Fourteen arteries are important. The first. Dhara. middle and swift.OOO arteries in the body. They are Ida. Dhamani. PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA The pulse indicates whether the disease is due to Vata or Pitta or Kapha or due to the influence of two Doshas combined or three Doshas combined or whether the disease is curable or incurable. The movement of the pulse is like that of an earthworm. Just as the strings of violin or Veena or Sitar express the musical notes. Knowledge of the pulse is attained through long practice. How to Examine the Rrlse You will have to learn the pulse under the guidance of an experienced and able A5rurvedic physician. Much experience. The pulse beats mildly in the morning. The examination of the pulse glves convincing facts. the pulse expresses the symptoms of the diseases. A keen intelligence is also necessarJr. much clinical obserwation and study are necessar5r. Nature of Pulse Pulse in a healthy person is slow and strong. blood-circulation and the entire system of a man. The grace of God and one's own virtue are also necessary. Benelits of Feeling Pulse The examination of the pulse will reveal the knowledge of the impending disease. just as eye is the index of the state of heart. Just as face is index of the mind. so also pulse is an index of condition of the heart. quickly at noon and moderately at night. It is very difficult to attain the knowledge of the pulse. the three Doshas individually and in combination and the curability and the incurability of diseases. . middle and ring fingers. diseases of the throat. The pulse of a sick person takes different attitudes in connection with the patient's aB€. head. when he is hungry. You cannot feel the pulse clearly and distinctly after sexual intercourse. The pulse is not normal and hence unfit for examination in such cases. f. when one has just taken his meal or bath. The patient should sit comfortably. . Examine the pulse with your left hand. the life and death of the patient. ear. the nature of accidental fear. The pulse in the neck indicates fear. headache. The examiner of the pulse also should sit comfortably. passion. Pitta and Kapha. when the mind is disturbed by emotion. fatigue. time and the peculiar character of the disease. sexual union. Feel the pulse with your tJrree fingers-index. Examine the pulse in the morning after sunrise in the radial artery above the thumb on arr empty stomach.ace and mouth. Indication of Rrlse The pulse at the wrist indicates digestion. when he is fatigued due to exercise. thirsty or heated owing to exposure to sun. Feel the pulse three times by holding and letting loose the hand. He should have perfect concentration. Place the hand to be examined in a curved state. He should be free from anger and lust. bereavement. onset of fever and derangement of the Vata.NADI VIJNANA The student should at first feel the pulse of healthy persons. thirst. when he has checked his calls of nature. The pulse in the nose indicates sexual desire. He should have a calm mind. anger. If rest is given. therefore. Brahma. wasting diseases like consumption. modiff the pulse-rate temporarily. anaemia. Pitta (heat) and Kapha (phlegm). Pitta Nadi and Kapha Nadi. diabetes. too feeble is of pathological importance. during menstruation. the three vital principles in the composition of the human body is. in an old man of 8O it is 6O. fear. The single Nadi is divided into three parts and possesses the characteristics of Vata. The pulse which is too rapid. the knowledge of Vata (air). too slow. In young women the pulse-rate is faster than in men by 5 beats per minute. starvation. . The pulse-rate is increased in emotional excitement. excessive copulation. and absence of menstruation. hrlse in Disease The science of pulse is inseparably associated with the Tridosha theory of Ayurveda. In an adult itis 72 per minute. Siva and Vishnu-these are the respective presiding deities of Vayu Nadi. Exercise. diarrhoea. etc.. Pitta and Kapha. too crooked. emotion. The pulse is slow in convalescents. dyspepsia. This is not pathological. depressed conditions. absolutely essential for a proper understanding of sphygmolory or the nature of the pulse in A5rurveda. the Pitta Nadi beneath the second and the Kapha Nadi beneath the third. normal condition will manifest again. long walk. emaciation. A perfect knowledge of the Tridosha theory.PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA Pulse Rate The pulse-rate of a new born infant is 130 per minute. gnef. general debility. The Vayu Nadi lies beneath the first finger. swans and cocks. that of Pitta in the second part and that of the Vata in the third part. The state in an oncoming fever and Vata pulse is called Tejapunja. the predominance of Pitta is felt in the autumn and summer. The pulse in chronic fever and diarrhoea is called Durbala (*eak).rst part of the day and the night. . Vata Nadi is crooked. crows and frogs. The movement of Kapha Nadi is like that of pigeons. peacocks. Movement of the Nadi The movement of Vata Nadi is like that of serpents and leeches. that of Pitta during digestion and that of Vata after the food is digested.NADI VIJNANA 9l The predominance of Vata is felt in the rainy season and winter. The predominance of Kapha is felt in the fi. and that of Vata Nadi is neither warrn nor cold. Colours of Vata Nadi. pale and white. Pitta Nadi is flickering and Kapha Nadi is steady. Pitta Nadi and Kapha Nadi are respectively blue. that of Kapha Nadi is cold. The pulse in very long-standing diseases is called Deerghagaamini. It is called Chanchala pulse. In fever the pulse is quick and flickering. under the middle-finger is that of Pitta and under the ring-finger is that of Kapha. The predominance of Kapha is felt after taking food. The movement of the pulse under the fore-finger is that of Vata. The pulse in a more deteriorated state of body is called Ksheera. The movement of Pitta Nadi is like that of Kulinga. the predominance of Kapha is felt in the spring. The touch of Pitta Nadi is warm. and mixed in the case of mixed Doshas. and when the pulse has various movements. Sometimes the pulse stops on account of swoon. When the pulse is cold but the body is warm. purgation. and loss of semen due to excessive copulation. because the pulse beats again after some time. The movement of the pulse is like that of the movement of the frog and the peacock in the case of excess of Pitta and Kapha. a fall from a high place. fear. the patient must die. the Lava and the frog in the case of excess of Pitta.PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA The movement of the pulse becomes crooked in the case of excess of Vata. the peacock. the carrying of heavy loads. leech and scorpion in the case of excess of Vata. The movement of the pulse is like that of gander. heavy in the case of excess of Kapha. Low Ptrlse In serious Sannipata the pulse sometimes beats slowly. In the case of excess of both Vata and Pitta the movement of the pulse is like that of the snake and that of the frog at frequent intervals. This does not indicate death. The movement of the pulse becomes crooked like that of snake. The movement of the pulse is like that of the movement of the snake and the gander in the case of excess ofVata and Kapha. again when the pulse is warm but the body cold. sometimes becomes throaty. sometimes beats and sometimes does not. The pulse due to the excess of the three Doshas moves just like the snake. sometimes loosely. rapid in the case of excess of Pitta. The movement is like that of the crow. . A pulse of this t5pe cannot be restored to its normal condition. the Lava and the gander. sorrow. the pigeon. the dove and the cock in the case of excess of Kapha. that of the man who has taken pungent things moves like a Vringa bird. Defiaition At each heart-beat four to six ounces of blood are sent into the aorta. his pulse becomes weak and rapid. if a healthy man has se:<ual intercourse. roots make it slow. jaggery and oils make it slow and strong. meat makes it slow and rigid. that of the man who has taken saline things becomes straight and rapid. solid things make it tender. milk makes it cool and steady. has realised its usefulness and nowadays examination of the pulse is given the proper place in the treatment of diseases. saline things make it straight and light. that of the man who has taken sour things becomes hot and jumps like a frog. too. greens and plantains make it full. that of the man who has taken astringent things becomes hard and dejected. hrlse aad Diet The pulse of a man who has taken sweet things moves like a peacock or frog. A fluid wave distends the arteries as it passes and is transmitted along the arteries all over the . The taking of white pumpkin (Kushmanda or Petha) and Munakka makes the pulse healy. Allopathy. liquid things make it hard. sour things make it cool. dried things make it slow and heavy. bitter things make it dull.NADI VIJNANA If anyone fasts. that of the man who has taken bitter things moves like an earth-worm. Ptrlse ilr Allopathy Allopathy also recognises the theory of pulse and its efficary in determining the nature of the disease and its cure. hot things make it hard and dry. In pregnanry the pulse becomes weak and moves slowly. the wall of the artery is very thin. After great muscular exertion or when the heart is beating strongly. and in a child about 100. the vessel wall becomes so thick tJ:at it may be felt like a piece of whip cord rolling beneath the finger. The pulse is thin and wiry. In old age and in some degenerative process. Pulse and Diseases of heart diseases have special features of the pu1se. In the case of internal inflammation tlee vessels of the limbs are emp$r. hllse is the expansion and contraction of the artery caused by the blood which is being pumped into it by the heart. etc. In childhood and youtJr. In a newborn infant the pulse-rate is 140 per minute. the pulse becomes slower than 60. the liability to apoplexy. In auricular fibrillation the general character is irregularity. The size of the column felt also glves information. It is quicker in children and slower in old age than in middle life. In old age. The physician has in the wave a valuable mezrns of studying both the state of the artery as regards elasticity and the heart action. This gives the valuable information to the physician as to the existence of Bright's diseases. Different types . In cases where the aortic valve is incompetent. and.PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA body. twelve months old 120. the pulse has the peculiarity of rising very quickly and collapsing suddenly (water-hammer pulse). This fluid wave is called pulse. Ptrlse-Rate The pulse-rate is usually about 72 pet minute but it may vary in heatth from 5O to 1O0. the vessels of the limbs are fulIand the pulse is large. Abnormal Pulses A rapid pulse is one over 100. A small instrument known as "sphygmograph" has been devised to register the waves. They . Examination of hrlse The examination of the pulse gives you direct information regarding the condition of the walls of the arteries and the amount and variation of pressure of the contained blood. A running pulse is very quick. maintenance and fall of pressure). The beats are difficult to distinguish. The patient should not make any effort or strain before the examination of the pulse. By careful and intelligent observation you can obtain very valuable information regarding the state of the heart and circulation. amount of movement during a pulse-wave. There may be an occasional intermission in the pulse. the blood pressure in the artery during the systolic beat. the blood-pressure between the beats (tension). size of the artery (calibre).NADI VIJNANA In fevers a dicrotic pulse indicates considerable nervous prostration in which the heart continues to beat violently. They may be unequal in volume too. volume. condition of the vessel wall. while the small blood vessels have lost their tone. The successive beats of the pulse may recur at equal or unequal intervals gling a regular or irregular rhythm. Dicrotic pulse is one in which two impulses are felt by the finger at each heart-beat. Feel the rate of the pulse. The intermission may recur. the form of the individual pulse wave (rise. inequality). as in pulses bigeminus after two beats. The individual beats may be irregular in their time-relation to each other. its rh5rthm of pulse (irregularity. as well as the general state of the patient. PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA 96 appear to run into each other. The pulse cannot be counted (as in Tachycardia). A slow pulse is one below 6O (as in Bradycardia). Napoleon had Bradycardia. A low volume, low tension, thready pulse denotes a low blood-pressure. It may be due to loss of blood as in bleeding. In failure of heart the pulse is small and easily compressible. Abounding pulse is of full volume; difficult to compress. It is seen in cases of high blood-pressure and apople><y. A high tension pulse occurs in some cases of high blood-pressure, when the arteries have undergone calcareous degeneration, as in arterio-sclerosis' An irregular pulse is one in which the intervals between the pulse beats var5r in length. Sometimes the beats seem to run together quickly; at other times the intervals are long and the pulse appears slow. An intermittent pulse is one in which some of the beats are missed. A dicrotic pulse is one in which two expansions of the artery can be felt instead of one. The second is like an echo of the first true wave of expansion. Every heart beat is counted twice. The true pulse wave is easily recognisable. The second wave is of smaller volume than the first. Corrigan's pulse is one which characterises incompetence of the aortic valve. The pulse is felt but it immediately recedes as the blood regurgitates into the left ventricle. It is also described as a collapsing pulse and a water-hammer pulse. Chapter {{pqry IX SURGERY That our ancients had a thorough knowledge of the body and its functions, calted Sareera Sastra, isievealed by the various references in the Vedas. There is a detailed account in the Atharvana Veda of Asthipanjara (osteologr). Chapter 7 of Charaka and chapters 4 to 6, 7 and 9 of Sushmta deal in detail with Sareera-sthana and Sareera-astharanam (Anatomy and physiolory). In the Vedic age the physician is distinguished from the surgeon. The latter belongs to the Dhanvantari school. Surgeons again were of two classes. Shalya Tantrajnas (major surgeons) and-Salatqya Tantra,jnas (minor surgeons) and they deal respectively with surgery above the neck, and surgery in other parts of the body, cavity, etc. What Dhanvantari taught was brought to perfection by Sushmta. Reference to operation,in the abdomen to set right deceased intestines are not wanting. An army of skilled doctors and surgeons with necessaqr appliances were at hand in the Mahabharata yuddha. Mahavarga tells us that Jeevaka, the personal physician of Buddha practised cranio surgery with success. Bhojaprabandha tells us of a cranio operation on Bhoja under anaesthetics. Riryeda mentions yajna Sirassandhana (attaching a severed head to the trunk by surgery): and replacement of vispola's by an iron one (by means of amputation and artificial limb); and the substitution of an eye-ball with that of an animal. As late as 9th century A.D. Westerners learnt intricate surgery from the ASrurvedic surgeons. There are several chapters in Sushrutawhich will be revelation to those who litfle realised the surgical side of A5rurveda. Sushruta has been translated into Latin by Hustler. There is a German version of it by Mueller. These clearly (e7l 98 PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA indicate that Ayurveda commanded a very high respect in the West. $rthagorus, the Greek physician was indebted to Sushruta for his knowledge of surgery. Shalya or surgery is one of the eight sections of A5nrrveda. It occupies the first place in the work of Sushruta: Charaka, Atreya, Harita, Agnivesha were more physicians than surgeons. Dhanvantari, Sushruta, Aupadihenava, Aurabhra, hrshkalavata were rather surgeons than phYsicians. Indian surgeons of yore used one hundred and twenty- five surgical instruments for ophthalmic, obstetric and other oPerations. They were doing Rhinoplasty. They were experts in forming new ears and noses. In cases of broken legs the surgeons used to substitute tron legs', Ayasa-Jangha (Vide Rig-Veda I-116, 153) and to furnish artificial eyes in places of those ptucked out (Rig-Veda I-115-16)' Arrows lodged in the bodies of the warriors were dexterously extracted, and their wounds promptly dressed by the army surgeons. The Ashwins have given new teeth to Poosha, new eyes to Bhagdeva. The Indian surgeons did skin grafting and cataract operations a1so. They were also experts in performing amputations and abdominal section' They could set fractures and dislocations in men and beasts, reduce hernia and extract foreign-bodies. Inoculation for small-pox was also done by them' They used to practise the dissection of the human body and taught it to their disciples. They knew human anatomy and physiolory. Sushruta gives very minute directions to be observed in the performance of surgical operations' He clearly describes the method of opening abscesses, INDI.AN SURGERY treatinginflammations, tumour, fistulae, and of applyrng blisters, cautery, etc. He classifies surgical operations into Aharya (extracting solid bodies), Bhedya (excising), Chhedya (incising), Eshya (probing), Lekhya Vedhya (puncturing) and Visravaniya (evacuating fluids). There are 105 Yantras (appliances) and 2O Shastras (instruments). The Yantras are divided into 6 kinds: Svastikas (pincers or forceps) 24 forms, Sandashas (tongs of two kinds), Talas of two kinds; Nadis (tubulas) instruments like catheters of 20 varieties; Shalakas (bougies) of 30 sorts; Upayantras (dressings Sutures, 26 in number). Hand also is the most indispensable implement. The Shastras are Ardhadhara, Atimukha, Ara, Badisha, Dantasanku, Eshni, Karapatra, Kartirika, Kritharika, Kushpatra, Mandalagra, Mudrika, Nakhasashtra, Sharari- mukha, Suchi, Trikurchaka, Utpalapatraka, Vriddhipatra, Vrihimukha and Vetaspatra. The names of the Yantras are Anguli Yantra, Bhasti Yantra (syringe), Jalodara Yantra, Kakamukha yantra, Garbha Sankhi Yantra, Simhamukha yantra, Vyaghramukha Yantra, Shanku Yantra, Tala yantra, etc. The surgical operations are performed on auspicious days. The patient sits with his face to the east. The surgeon offers a prayer to the Lord for the speedy recovery of the patient as soon as the operation is over. In serious surgical operations patients were made insensible by administration of anaesthetics. Indian surgeons used caustic cautery. The students practised incision on fruits. They practised vivisection on the vessels of dead animals. They did catheterisation. 100 PRACTICE OF AYI,JRVEDA Turning to midwifery every stage of the feb:s, from the formozarr and ovarJr gland is described in detail in Bholasamhita with an extraordinar5r treatise on possibility of changing the sex of the child in the womb, etc. The precautions for the delivery, the expedients and surgical skilt in cases of hard labour, still birth, and cranio operation are all well described. Bhagavatam recites the instances of Vasishtha cutting the womb of a pregnant woman with Kusa Sastra to save the child and mother from a collapse. Chanakya's Arttra Sastra deals with post-mortem. The circulatory system and function of the heart are there in Charaka (i.e., even before Sth centu4r B.C.). The Chola kings opened many maternit5r centres. Yajurveda deals with the four cavities of the heart; and Dr. Constan's ancient medical science refers to Jeevaka's diagnosis of the internal organs, and bone fractures with the aid of herbs in place of the modern X-ray. Garbhopanishad deals with respiration' The practice of surgery and incisions with the aid of a Pushpapala, etc., objects in tJ:e first instance was in vogue. As for surgical instruments the exhibits in the museums in Naples and Athens are there in proof of their existence in Ayurveda. *They (the ancient surgeons) performed abdominal section, practised cranial surgery successfully, and no region of the body was tJrought sacred to the knife. Field surgery was thoroughly understood... They were acquainted with the circulation of the blood, the distinction between the artery and vein, the use of anaesthetics, the means of arresting haemorrhage and the proper treatment of surgical wounds." Dissection by medical students was insisted upon and practiced during this time. Nagarjuna, Buddhist priest belonging to a much later date is not only known to but he is also reputed to have been a great surgeon of his ti{.e. who is considered to have been a Buddhist. . Sushruta.s great work on surgery.INDIAN SURGERY 101 have tmproved upon and supplemented. Vagbhata. included surgery and surgical instruments in his famous work-Ashtanga Hridaya. The founding of hospitals all over the count4r was a unique feature of the Buddhist period and these institutions were also known to have provided for surgical treatments. . urinar5r calculi. etc'. 2O by abnormalities of phlegm and 1o by faulty conditions of blood. fractures. or the non-fulfilment of any of her desires artirg that condition causing blindness. etc'. 3. diagnosis and treatment are based upon the Tridhatu (Tridosha) theory' The Tridosha theory is closely related to that of the Panchabhutas which are the causes for the universe. abortion. causation and s5rmptoms of diseases such as piles. etc'.ChapterX NIDAI{II (Dtagnostsf The literahrre of Indian Medicine is vast and copious. etc. tumours. Chikitsa is treatment' Madhava has investigated at length the causes and s5rmptoms of the largest number of diseases in all their varieties. respectively. erysipelas. 5. Variations in the climate. causing cold. In A5rurveda. elc'. causing leprosy. The d. carbuncles. Sushruta traces all diseases to one or other of the following seven causes: 1. 40 by derangements by bile.erangement of humours in the body causing fever. male generative organ. Cormpt semen or ovum of the father and mother. This science is admitted by all to be of great anuquity. 6' (102) .2' Indulgence in forbidden food by the mother during pregnancy. etc' Sarangadhara enumerates 80 principal diseases caused by wind. [t discloses Ure glmi of many marvellous discoveries in the realm of medicine. diseases of the mouth. Accidents by fall. Nid. Sushruia has devoted sixteen chapters treating the classification. snake-bite. fistula. abdominal tumours.ana is diagnosis. 4. It contains a mine of information. to the child. tongue. his eye. a cow-killer from leprosy. or by both. urine and faeces. Harita reduces the number to three and says that diseases are caused by Karma or by the derangement of the humours. and one prying into another's secrets will lose the sight of one eye. Misery and happiness in this life are the inevitable results of our conduct in a past life. a drunkard from skin diseases. Diseases caused by Karma may be cured by propitiatory rites. and the violator of his preceptor's couch from retention of urine. the patients have the assurance that they will at least check the further progress of the maladies in the life to come. According to A5rurveda various factors such as the face of the patient. Karma is the unavoidable consequence of good or evil acts done in this or in a past existence. When any creature dies.. One committing adultery with his master's wife will suffer from gonorrhoea. If the rites do not cure the diseases. an incendiary from erysipelas. a regicide from consumption. pulse. a cheat from epilepsy. and tranquillising efforts. It is most important too. . according to his merit or demerit. skin. expiating ceremenies. and a murderer in general from diarrhoea. should be considered.NIDANA 103 Superhuman agencies and 7. voice. Harita declares that a murderer of a Brahmin will suffer from anaemia. his temperament. the Hindu physicians have been guided by physical signs alforded by inspection. etc. he is born again in some higher or lower state of existence. In diagnosing a disease. etc. a misleader from giddiness. and our actions here will determine our happiness or misery in the life to come. Natural such as hunger. A back-biter will suffer from asthma. one who occasions or procures abortion from liver complaint. So there are certain diseases which are supposed to be the fruits of evil deeds done in a former state of existence. The art of diagnosis is the most difficult task. percussion and auscultation are not altogether modern. If it be jumping like a frog. The capriciousness of the pulse produces other modifications very curiously described. "who is the greatest and the best authority in Europe on the subject' For all subsequent writers have simply transferred his teaching on this subject boldly to their own works'" . In feeling the pulse the physician is to note its compressibiUty. it shows that the phlegm is in excess. Pulsations in one suffering from fever or arnorous passions are quick. auscultation.. It is interesting to note the similarity between this description of the pulse as found in the ancient Sanskrit treatises. frequency. is a pri"rrtsot of death. percussion. size and the different impressions it produces on the fingers. In case of a male patient. and a pulse which is almost imperceptible. The pulse lhat suggests the running of a partridge is called delirium pulse.104 PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA palpation. or similar to the flight of a crow or lparto*. They are referred to in the works of Charaka. in his interesting'dialogue with his favourite disciple Harita. When it the finger slowly and resembles the strutting of "irik. defaction and degustation. irregular and extremely languid. it indicates the predominance of bile. the left. It furnishes the best criterion of the phlnomena and progress of disease and it is the one usually depended upon by the Ayunredic physicians' [n order to know the precise character of t]re pulse. and the doctrine of the pulse taught by the famous physician Galen. depressed. wind is supposed to be predominant. Atreya. An irregular pulse indicates delirium tremens. If it feels like the creeping of a serpent or a leech. peacock. Palpation. iegularity. the radial artery at the wrist is usually chosen. his right pulse is generally felt and in the case of a female. speaks with even more precision on the subject. and in a healthy man they are of a medium and perfectly regular. The examination of the pulse is considered the most important of all. Nidaua The investigation of the root-cause of diseases (whether it is bad food. (4) Upashaya and (5) Sampraapti.NIDANA 105 Galen speaks of the pulsus mAuns (sharp-tailed pulse. Nidana is divided into four kinds. Etiolory (cause) is Nidana. The methods prescribed for the examination of a patient in A5rurveda are: 1. (Z) Punra Rupa. as it seems to leap like a goat). pain. One Nidana may possibly be to the root of more than one disease. It is deducing the nature of the disease from therapeutical measures. Nidana alone cannot help you to diagnose diseases. purva Rupa is premonitory s5rmptoms such as headache. etc. viz. This would suggest that Galen derived his knowledge on the subject from the works of Indian writers.. (3) Vyabhichari and (4) pradhana.e. Rupa is disease in its full stage (symptomatolory).s ffuctuscus (undulating). Vyabhichari may or may not cause a disease according to . touching. This will give you the clue to diagnosis and prognosis. Prashna (questioning). hearing. Darshana (seeing)..) is Nidana. Sushruta stresses upon the thorough examination with tlle aid of the physician's five organs and questioning i. etc. (2) Viprakrishta (the remote cause). The disease is studied logically. pubu. Upashaya is tJrerapeutic test. tasting. indisposition which manifest before the derangement of the system. 2. bad water. indutgence. excesses. (1) Sannikrishta Nidana (immediate cause). like a mouse's tail). (3) Rupa. seeing. Patholory is Sampraapti. so called as it sinks progressively and becomes smaller and smaller. The Pancha Nidana in its broad sense implies fivefold means of diagnosis. smelling and detailed interrogations. putse dorecatisants (goat-leap pulse. Pathological change is Sampraapti. They are (1) Nidana. Sparshana (touch) and 3. tLg"*ent of the Doshas with particular group of prodromata. Mamsa. It provides the means for clinical diagnosis. Rupas (symptomatoloryf This includes the signs and symptoms of the disease. The vague s5rmptoms consist of dull aching pain.iseases and in diseases which have a slow and gradual onset. He will also be able to find out whether the disease is an effection of Rasa. etc. loss of appetite. Purva Rupa gives tJ:e physician some clue to prognosis. Rakta.PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA 106 the circumstances but Pradhana will certainly cause the disease. general malaises. then the hypothetical proposition is . l-assitude. These are seen in the incubation period of various d. heaviness in the head. Upashaya (Therapeutic testf This is diagnosis by experimental treatment' A doubt arises whether a particular disease is due to the derangement of Vata or not. Ttre physician will be able to find out whether he has to deal with morbidity of one Dosha. It helps him to correlate particular i. Asthi or any other Dhatus. exercise or any other remedial measure known to cure this suspected derangement. two Doshas or all the three Doshas. If the disease is ameliorated. Vague s5rmptoms become very prominent while the disease actually manifests in full force. This stage enables the physician to nip the malady in its bud or shorten its course or mitigate its vinrlence' hrrya Rupa consists of the premonitory s5rmptoms or the prodromata. The physician prescribes a diet. Upashaya is a trial treatment in any confounding disease. (5) specific feature of the affection is noted [Vyaktil and (6) the Iinal stage of the disease. The Til oil test will help the physiciaq in deciding the curabilit5r or the incurability of the disease. (2) food (Anna) and (3) Vihaara (air. These are judged under the following heads (1) stagnation of the Doshas (Sanchayam). . Doshas get vitiated and produce the diseases. The figures that are formed when a drop of oil is placed in the urinC and the direction inwhich the drop of oil extends first are the guiding factors for this test. (4) location of these Doshas there (Punarupam). This treatment is conveyed through (1) medicines (Bheshaja). The diseases can be very minutely examined and diagnosed with the help of all these methods individually and collectively. Nadi (pulse). if it does not it is not so. Mootra (urine). (2) exciting of the stagnated Doshas (Prakopa). and Netra (eyes) are the eight Sthanams to be examined. either causing death or becoming chronic or Bhedam. sleep. it is rejected. general care). Sabda (voice). sun. The Ashtasthana Pariksha comes under the examination of the Rupam combined with Sampraapti. (3) migration of the excited Doshas to the seat of disease (Prasaram).NIDANA L07 conflrmed. If not. If the fever yields to Antimony it is Kala Mar. Diseases caused by intrinsic causes show the effects at once. Sparsha (touch). etc. cold.. It is a guess work. Roopa (face and body). Sampraapti (Pathologrf Sampraapti is that which reveals the internal action of the Doshas when they are in the act of producing a disease. With the help of these the A5runredic physician draws definite and positive conclusions. incurabilit5r and the dangerous nahrre of a disease.108 PRACTICEOFAYURVEDA There are some important s5rmptoms specially termed as Upadrava and Arishta to ascertain ttre curability. . soothing the injured body and mind and eradicating the cause. Adravyakritam is that which is done without the aid of these. Naturopathy comes under this. drugs. This relates to the spiritual branch of science. food. Upavasa (fasting) are the agents here.. Sattwa Vyapaasraya are the three divisions of treatment. The various treatments administered for the various diseases result in either improving the flesh and bone or decreasing the fat and the undigested and unuseful substances. chanting h5rmns and Mantras. etc. through offerings to God. Daiva Vyapaasraya is the method of treating diseases through worship of gods. They come Langhanam. Yukti Vyapaasraya This depends upon reasoning out the causes of diseases and on devising suitable ways and means for its cure. In A5rurveda great importance is given upon the study of the various stages of vitiation of Doshas. Treatment is twofold: (1) Drarryakritam. (2)Adraryakritam.e. It deals with appropriate administration of food and medicines and other combinations. Vihaara. Daiva Vyapaasraya. The former is done with the aid of materials. Yukti Vyapaasraya. i.ChapterXI AYURVEDIC CHIKITSA {Treatnentl The treatment of diseases caused by humours or Doshas forms part of Chikitsa or the therapeutic branch of Hindu Medical Science. The principles of A5runredic treatment consist in removing the injurious agent. (10e) under Brimhanam or . purging. Pancha Karaas In Shodhanam the five Karmas are (1) Vamanam. Virechanam (purgation) in that of Pitta and Vasti (enema) in that of Vata. (6) Aatapa (sun bath) and (7) Maaruta (air bath). They are divided into five and seven varieties respectively. These regulate the circulation of blood and produce a healthy recuperation of the tissues of the body. Vamanam (vomiting) must be practised in the aggravated state of Kapha. (4) Anuvaas€rna and (5) Nasya. The Malas (impurities) come into a position easy to be eliminated. (3) Kshut. Siro-virechana blood-letting (Rakta Mokshana) are the Pancha Karmas or operations. Shamanam (soothing process) is to absorb and bring the disturbances into a calm condition without their expulsion. Nasya (nasal purge). . (2) Virechanarn. Vomiting. (4) Trishna. etc. (5) Vyaayaama. Sneha (lubrication and massage) and Sweda (sweating) should be practised. Shodhanam is intended where the disease is superfluous and the patient is able to withstand the strain of the same. enema. (2) Paachanam. Shodhanam is the process of elimination of foreign matters and accumulations which are dangerous to the body through the mouth. Before proceeding to Shodhanam. (3) Vasti.1r0 PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA Langhanam is divided into (1) Shodhanam and (2) Shamanam. It is the psychological branch of treatment. nose. ailts. Sattwa Vyapaasraya means control of mind. Shamanam The seven factors of Shamanarn are (1) Deepanam. iron oxide is best in anaemia (Pandu). Exposure to air (Maruta or air bath). scorching (ASni Karma) are aids to these methods. This is very benefrcial in diseases of the ear. Sthambhanam (promoting contraction of all channels). 3. The Six Upakarmas They are 1.. . 5. In Tetanus. 3. Brimhanam (promoting growttr). Shamana l(armas They are soothing processes. Gargling (Gandusha). eyes. Goksheera is very useful in Mootra Krischhra (painfut urination). Nasya Karma is highly recommended. Triphala is the best drr. brain.. Guggulu is the best drrg in rheumatism and lumbago. caustics (Kshara). fresh ginger is very useful in slow digestion. etc. Snehanam (lubrication) 4. coll5rrium (Anjana). Restraining thirst (Trishna Nigraha). They are eight in number: 1. Starwation (Upavasa). Swedanam (promoting sweating) and 6. Unmardanam (hard massage). 5. Treatment by Dnrgs Brahmi is the best drug in epilepsy (Apasmara). etc. fumigation and smoking (Dhumrapana). powders. Administering carminatives (Deepana). Pippali is the best drug in diseases of the spleen. through the nose. Vidanga is the best drug for worns.AYURVEDIC CHIKITSA 111 Nasya is the method of administering medicated oils. effecting reduction). Rookshanarn (removing fat or drying). 6.g in diseases of the eye. 7. nose. Exposure to sun (Aatapa or sun-bath). Shilajit is the best medicine in diseases of the bladder. Langhanam (fasting. 4. buttermilk is the best medicine in chronic diarrhoea (Grahani). Administering digestives (Paachana). goat's milk is highly beneficial in consumption. 2. Physical exercise (Vyaayaama) and 8. 2. lizards. serpents. are Sthavara poisons. collyria and antiphilogistic treatment. purgatives. .. [n such cases special care to treat the condition of blood is chiefly recommended.LI2 PRACTICEOFAYURVEDA Poisons and Their Aatidotes The treatment of poisons and their antidotes come under the head of Kalpa. spiders. A5rurveda did not ignore that blood also is a chief agent in causing diseases. arsenic. scorpions. Datura. They are cured by emetics. Jangama poisons include venoms of insects. etc. errhines. etc. Agnivesa. It was edited and corrected by Charaka. Parasara. India is a vast and fertile country. the localities from where they should be collected and the way of treating them. Sushrlta was written in Banaras. namely. Harita and Kharapani. Agnivesa first wrote a treatise on medicine. Charaka Samhita and Sushruta's A5runeda are the oldest and most reputed books on Hindu medicine. The ancient A5rurvedic physicians examined and studied all the herbs that came under their observation and classified them into groups or Ganas. extracting their active principles and preserving them. The Materia Medica of India is very voluminous. Agnivesha. They have also described the proper seasons for gathering the herbs. They are arranged according to their virtues in curing diseases. Charaka is older than Sushruta. the period of their growth.rveda to six students. when they possess their distinctive properties. son ofAtri Rishi. taught the holyAytr. a disciple of Charaka enumerates 500 classes of medicinal agents. Charaka gives 5O groups of ten herbs each. (113) . The chief notable feature in connection with the nomenclature of the Indian plants is that their names are descriptive either of their character or property. Bhela. Vagbhata wrote Ashtanga Hridaya. It contains abundant herbs or medicinal plants. Atreya. Jattrkarna.Chapter XII INDIAN IIATERIA IIEDICA The ancient Hindus made tremendous progress in the science of Materia Medica. Sushruta has arranged 760 herbs in 37 sets according to some common properties. vegetable or mineral. possesses five properties namely Rasa. The Materia Medica of t]le Hindus is a manzel to the modern investigator. "Madana-Vinoda". "the best medicine is one which cures a disease and tJ:e best physician is one who relieves the suffering of a patient. Guna. strength and vitality are fully described here. the father of Indian Medicine Raja Madanapala wrote. Dhanvantari Nighantu is much the same as followed by Charaka. Charakacharya says. Some ascribe the authorship to Dhanvantari. gambier. It is a mere compilation from Charaka and Sushruta methodically arranged. etc. . The properties of drugs belonging to the animal. has written a book on medicinal herbs. a learned physician of Kashmere wrote an excellent work called "Raja Nighantu". The theory which forms the basis of tJle investigation is that every substance." Though Ayurwedic system of medicine is slow in grving relief to the patients. foreign drugs effects in the debilitated system of patients. It never produces those after disturbances which the administration of violent. He increased the list of Indian herbs such as pellitory. Narahari. The best medicine for people living in any particular country is the one that grows in that country.tt4 PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA Ashtanga Hridaya Samhita was compiled by Simha Gupta Sena Vagbhata. whether animal. son of Lataka Misra. Bhava Misra. It is an old treatise. it is ultimately sure in its results. vegetable and mineral kingdoms and of the articles of food essential to t]le maintenance of health. Sushruta says that the physician should go to the jungles and gather the herbs when they are in flowers. They should avoid those injured by insects. Veerya. Vipaka and Prabhava. opium. soft. 2O sorts of qualities.INDIAN MATERI. light. Moderately scented substances. hot. etc. tremulous. Fruit bearing creepers. sharlr. 11. 5. wood as of sandal. Root. pungent and astringent. Weak scented substances. His work is chiefly based on Dhanvantari Nighantu. consistent. smooth. He has added 8O drrgs. Creepers. as catechu. Kunduru. Flower plants. and two forces. ginger. 10. dull. 2. 8. bark as of Kurchi. He was a Gujarati Brahmin. gum as M5rrrh. acid. Asafoetida. Acid plants. a Greek physician investigated the medicinal virtues of many Indian plants which were then taken to the market of Europe and incorporated them in his book on Materia Medica. coarse and cold. fruits as the three Myrobalams. leaves as of Vasaka. All parts of medicinal plants may be used. The twent5r qualities of objects are: Heavy. as of Chitraka. Hippocrates in his Materia Medica recofirmends several Indian plants such as Jatamansi. harsh. underground stem as of Surana. transparent. salt. pungent. Sweet plants. Ashoka. delicate. Strongly scented substances. The two forces are heating and cooling. 4. fixed. Extracts. The virtues of the Indian medicinal plants were known in other countries also.A MEDICA 115 Shodhala who came after Narahari wrote a book on Materia Medica. The Nighantu adopts the following classification: 1. black pepper Dioskorides. Small shrubs. flowers as of Dhataki. extract. Material objects have six tastes. Thus the worth and value . oily. Bitter herbs. 9. bitter. The Indian Medlclnal Herbs The central fact of Indian Culture is its conception of the spiritual ldeal. watery. demulcent. Sometimes the entire plant is used as Rantakari. etc. Its core and essence is the fundamental belief that the attainment of perfection is the sole purpose of man's life. 7. The six tastes are sweet. 6. 3. hard. . therefore. i. for. fulfilment of cherished deSires and ultimate Liberation". disease and therapeutics. which form its mainstay. A5rurveda believes'in treatment by herbs. The vdue of human birth and body was accepted because man's body was recognised as the supreme instrument through which to strive for reaching life's great consummation. notwithstanding their lofty idealism. Ttre maintenance of the body in proper disease-free condition and perfect health was a sacred duty of mar1.r16 PRACTICE OF AYI. even up to this day. They have looked upon Ayurveda or the Science of Life as another Veda. How very minute and how thoroughly scientific their study of the herbs and their characteristics are amply evidenced by the scholarly treatises of these ancient scientists in which subjects they have given us the results of their admirable researches. Besides this evidence. in perfect trim. by quite modern Ayunredic medicinal practitioners all over India. the human body. the Rishis of wisdom. spared no pains in carefully evolving a great system of Medicine to help to keep this precious instrument. "Health is the supreme Good of attainment of the Good Life. The greater part of the treatment of Ayurvedic practitioner is by medicinal herbs. is a patent proof beyond any doubt about the high and enduring merits of this system of tJrerapeutics. The ancient seers. for it constituted the primary means of all attainments because.e. the very fact of these herbal medicines continuing to be widely used with remarkable success.. The Indian seers in the past have devoted special attention to the study of health. of all wealth.'RVEDA of alt the other parts and aspects of our life is estimated and equated in terms of their utility in serving this central ldeal. they had the admirable faculty to be intensely practical and thorough. The intuitive sages of India were in full awareness of this important fact. Anthelmintic. Anti-colic. These fifty groups or Ganas. and in it Maharshi Charaka gives nearly fifty different groups of medicinal herbs.D. Thus a good deal of literature. Anecbolic. naming ten herbs under each group. geographical and geological conditions wherein came to flourish an infinite variety of numerous. Antasthmatic. The ancient seer-scientists were ardent lovers of scope for close observation of the rich herbal wealth of the vegetable kingdom. Anemetic. His masterly work was translated into Arabic as early as twenty centuries ago somewhere about 8OO A. The grouping of these medicines by these writers reveal an astonishing l<nowledge. Antibromic. Another great authorit5t. has mentioned about 760 herbs which he has divided into thirty-seven Ganas or groups in accordance with certain common characteristics. deeply interesting and greatly informative.INDIAN MATERI. rare and precious herbs. who is ranked equal with Charaka. the able author Sushruta. Charaka's works too were translated into Arabic and references are made in several Latin works of eminent Western physicians. Anod5me. he considers as being quite sufficient for the purpose of the average medical practitioner. One of the greatest authorities upon this subject is the illustrious author Charaka whose invaluable work. came into being on this branch of knowledge. . Anti-fat. translations into Latin and German also appeared. of the savants of so ancient a period. Later. In the wide range of these grouping are included Anaesthetic.A MEDICA tt7 The high development and specidisation of herbal medication in this country has been a direct outcome of the fact that due to her vastness and fertility India bas the unique advantage of possessing a wide range of climatic. Theirs has been a critical examination and study of almost all the important medicinal herbs. the "Charaka-Samhitd is still accepted as the standard classical work on Medicine. It forms by far the most exhaustive treatise. of pat]rolory and disease therapeutics. rl8 PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA Anticholeric. Agnivesha by name enumerates many more classes of medicines besides those mentioned above.venascent. Refrigerant. Antihypnotic. Vermiparous. the physicians who came in the train of the Mohammedan conquerors were quick to perceive the Liquefacient. ancients like Hippocrates recommended Indian herbs in their medical treatises.) speaks well of the numerous Indian plants. Semen-improver. Demulcent. The high potency and curative value of the Indian medicinal herbs have. Epulotic. Diuretic. Carminative. Reju. etc. Anti-Phlegmagogue. H5pnotic. Galactagogue. Cathartic. Later on. Anti. Antitoxic. New light is thrown upon a number of these medicines in the "Aatankatimirabhaskara" a comparatively recent work of considerable size by some Ayurveda Acharya belonging to the eighteenth century. Sialagogue. . Antispasmodic. Spermatopoietic. Inerbrient. Sedative. Constringent. Restorative. Frigorific. Haemostatic. Epispastic. the medicinal virtues of which he had thoroughly investigated before incorporating them into his famous Materia Medica. Fat-producer. for long been well-recognised in countries outside India.disiac. Even so. Anuretic. Antipsoric. Emmenagogue. Cholagoue.scorbutic. Drastic. Stomachic. Purgative. (100 A. Flatus-Producer. The Greek physician Dioskorides. Fat-former. Hydragogue. Lorative. as the result of fresh research. Lithonl5rtic. The "Bhava-Prakasha" of Bhava Misra (another important writer on medicinal herbs) further adds certain valuable medicines. Astringent. Aphro. Diaphoretic. far back as previous to the Christian Era. Parhrrifacient. Antipyretic. Emetic. Expectorant. Cosmetic.D. Styptic. A disciple of the great Charaka. Calmative. Phlegmagogue. Tonic. Rubifacient. An even most recent author Pandit Godbole has published in the later half of last century his "Nighanhrratnakara" epitomising all the' previous works on Materia Medica with nearly fifty new herbs added. Voice-improver. These remedies go to the very root of the disease and remove it in toto as they are assimilated into tJle cell of the human system.. and began to make use of them without hesitation. It is because they contain in them the turative element'in its most vital. chemicals and minerals into organic substances eminently suitable for complete absorption into the human system' The cells in tJle human body are vital tissues. Chemical drugs are inert matter. Thus. potent. i.e. in a way. store up the healing potencies of the lunar rays. There is a special reason why medicinal herbs constitute the most invaluable sovereign remedy for every ailment. the Court Physician of Emperor Aurangazeb. the personal Hakeem to the great Shah Jehan have both included numerous eflicacious into their Medica Materia Ayurveda the from medicines glance at the famous works on medicine. The essence of herb is the vital substance. easiest state. in addition. tn herbs we have vital substances that actually get absorbed into the very core of our tissues. of a predigested form because they come from the soil. and withal. Mohammed Akbar Arzani. And a 'Allopathy's Pharmacopoeia'today will be enough proof that the Indian herb has fully lived up to its reputation as potent healers. these herbal essences get purified and irradiated during the hours of daylight and. They are also. specially energised by potent rays of the sun and the gases of the atmosphere. They are never fully absorbed into the human system ana iait to go to the root of the trouble and effect a radical cure. and Nuruddin Mohammed Abdulla Shirazee. .INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA 119 great potency and worth of the Indian medicines. This is brought about by the following factors: The herbs are God-sent apparatuses endowed with the unique capacity of converting valuable inorganic earth-salts. Further more the herb forms the medicine par excelLence: it is informed by a tife-principle drawn out of the power of the Panchabhutas or the five fundamental elements. the localities from which they should be collected and the right method of processing them. are all accurately and scientifically detailed. habitat. their appearance. air and ether. The proper season for gathering the herbs. It is now an established fact that the science of herbal cure is not experimental.t20 PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA earth. therefore. And the only substance lorown in nature that possesses the capacity of stock-piling solar enerry in the form of a usable essence is the plant chlorophyll.. Therein we find their minute study of tJle herbs. Hindu seers have regarded the Sun as Divine in nature.e. water. potency. their characteristics. is the presence in them of a supra-terrestrial force. for it is . the solar enerry. The physical frame of man is a combination of these five. Acorus Calamus has the name Ugra-gandha (strong-odour). fire. The study of herbs is of absorbing interest. conditions for their healthy growth. the time of highest. The Sun is the source of cosmic enerry. i. One noteworthy point in the naming of these Indian medicinal herbs is that in great many cases their very names are descriptive of the specific character of prominent appearance of the plant. Their administration is also simple compared to the elaborate and complicated process of other pharmacopoeias. herbs are said to possess divine potenry termed by Hindus as Divya Sha]fti. isolating the active principle and presenring it. for instance. the herbal extract is the nearest approach to the most ideal combination for administration. This becomes an effective means for the easy identification of the particular herb. The secret of the manrellous and almost miraculous curative potencies of the herb. and hence. etc. Precisely. Its high merits and practical utility have long been put to severe tests by the Rishis and practitioners of the past whose researches and practical therapeutical findings have been minutely recorded for us in their illuminating treatises. Thus. It is the source of the mightiest healing powerknown to mankind. rheumatism. It possesses Vasayana Guna. tonic.INDIAN MATERI. Both its leaves and flowers are somewhat rounded in shape. senile debility. brain-fag. Datura Alba is named Ghanta. loss of memory.natus is called Bahuphena (rery foamy) because its berries produce a rich soapy lather when rubbed and shaken with water. rickets. aphrodisiac and nutritive. A full study of all the herbal medicines is not a possibility in the columns of amagazine. It is generally found all over India. and it strengthens semen and is therefore used with success in spermatorrhoea and impotency.e. Hence a few of the very prominent and widely used herbs are discussed here chiefly with a view tl:at they may serve to give the interested reader some idea of the precious gems that are to be found in the mine of tJ:e Ayurvedic Materia Medica. Ashwagandha (Wtthanla Somnlferaf It is one of the important tonic medicines in the herbal Materia Medica. The root is thin and tapers conically. quality of infusing flesh .A MEDICA t2l characterised by a very pungent smell. Tribulus Terrestris is referred to by the significant name Trikantaka (three-horned) as its fruit contains three prickles.pushpa (bell-flower) due to the shape of its flowers. and all types of debility.. neurasthenia and nervous breakdown. Even a detailed consideration of tfre most important of the herbs does not come within the province of an article. It is a straight growing shrubby plant between 2 to 4 feet tall. i. The long and rylindrical podded Cassia Fistula gets the name Deergha-phala (long fruit) and the plant Sapindus Emargi. The name Vatsa-nabhi (calfs navel) describes the plant Aconitum Ferox because its root resembles the umbilical cord of a calf. loss of muscular strength. alterative. The root is sedative. It is used in doses of about 3O grains in cases of consumption. Ricinus Communis goes by the name Chitrabija (spotted seed) due to its seed being speckled by white or brown patches. liver and stomach. 5 to 20 grains of the powdered root-bark is . Ashwagandha is also a Galactagogue and is given to nursing mothers to increase lactation. and abortifacient. The former variety is more abundant in U. ExternallyApamarga is used as application in cases of dog-bite. The herb is administered in the form of powder. extract. A well-known medicinal plant famous all over India as a herb of versatile therapeutical value. A fortnight's course is sufficient to bring about a tangible improvement. and is thus a valuable protective tonic-food for the system when worn out by ravages of constitutional diseases like Syphilis. Though emetic in large doses yet when given in small doses. rubefacient. one with white flower and the other having a somewhat reddish flower. digestive alterative. The leaves reduced to ash with X6th part of rock salt when administered in whey in 10 to 15 grain doses.P. forms an invaluable dietary supplement. In powder-form it is taken with honey in conditions of asceites. reduced to a paste and given with milk and clarified butter. Rheumatic fever etc. Emetic. forms a valuable remedy in all affectations of spleen.. etc.122 PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA strength and enerry. Apamarga (Ach5rranthes AsPeraf It is a prickly chaff-flower-all annual herb. it is serviceable in Insomnia. Due to its alterative properties. Punjab and Bihar. enlargement of glands and cutaneous affections. It also has emetic property. There are two varieties. Apamarga is used as a blood-purifier. purgative. Arka (Calotropis Giganteaf A middle sized milky shrub. dropsy. snake-bite. diuretic and alterative. Sindh. It is pungent. confection and also decoction. It is laxative. As a nervine sedative. it is a useful expectorant. Forweak children the Ashwagandharoot. In most of the cases the patient is saved. It is useful in * In Puniab and Uttara Pradesh the Creeper Hydrocotyl Asiatica is regarded as Brahmi but the physicians of bengal take Cratiola Monniera as Brahmi. . The root. Rarely is it possible to come across a herb of such great worth. glandular swellings. therefore. skin-diseases.INDI. rubbed into paste with rice gruel is used externally with effect as an application in Elephantiasis and enlarged scrotum. It is possessed of peerless therapeutical values. anasarca.AN MATERI. etc. wonns. [t is useful in $rrexia. It is used on the spot of the bite. also known as Brakma-manduki)'. constitutional s5philis. Brahmi is a wonderful herb. The milky sap of thin plant cures chronic obstinate eczertaa and ring wonn and ripens boils quickly. which it lowers by causing diaphoresis. constitutes a valuable counter-irritant and a good antidote to poisonous bite of reptiles. poisons. Even Plaque Buboes are aborted by the repeated application of the milk of Arka plant.A MEDICA r23 used in a variety of conditions like leprosy. Due to its remarkable action in Syphilitic alfectations Arka is referred to as "Vegetable Mercur5/. It is slightly bitter. Brahmi Herpestis Monniera or Gratiola Monniera. In very many ways these two herbs are closely similar in their medicinal properties so that they have come to be regarded as almost interchangeable herbs. diuretic and nervine tonic. also known as Ualneem' and Mandulcaparni (arrother sister herb: the Hydrocotyle Asiatica. ulcerations. The milk is a poison and. Brahmi is a marshy labrous runner. Mandukaparni is a prostrate perennial herb: grows by the banks of rivers and streams amidst common grass and is usually surrounded by the latter. It has a Glucoside that is extremely useful in heart-disease. medicated with it. It is a first-rate herb to cleanse the system by eliminating all sorts of poisons. Arjuna has all the valuable properties of Digitalis but has one great advantage. strengthens and sharlrens the intellect. allowed to dissolve gradually in tle mouth. It purifies the whole system.It cools the brain. A most valuable Cardiac tonic and stimulant. It is a brain tonic par etrcellence. lt is very quick in its action and. is prescribed for brain and voice. obstinate eczema. therefore. In feeble pulse and in palpitation. namely. Arjuna is used with great effect in Cardiac dropsy. It is invaluable in heart-diseases where stimulant action is indicated. Arjuna (Termiadta ArJunaf A huge white-barked tree. safe. Chirata (Swertia Chirataf the A perennial hilly herb. The whiter the colour of the bark the greater is its eflicacy. The effect on the pulse is immediate and lasting too. very useful in leprosy. increases memory power and infuses vigour and radiance.r24 PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA blood-pressure and skin diseases and also valuable as a voice-improver. It slows the palpitation of heart but strengthens the force of the beat. and externally the oil is much in vo8ue. It is. It is also useful as a diuretic. work miraculously. It also acts with wonderful effect in local inflammation of the heart. withal. tablets of Arjuna. Ghee. It is administered in powder as well as liquid form. Since very ancient times it has been used in all heart-diseases. It is a hemostate-very cooling. There are certain varieties of plains also as the Chirata of Tamil Nadu and . cutaneous affections and psoriasis. it is entirely non-poisonous whereas Digitalis is a deadly poison. slphilitic and scrofulous ulceration. If the decoction is boiled. It is a plant about 3 to 4 feet in height. It contains Chiratin and Ophelic acids. The leaves are of large size at the lower end of the plant and get smaller in size at the top. The special noteworthy feature about Chirata is its non-toxic nature. its medicinal value is somewhat lessened. febrifuge and anthelmintic. The herb is used when there are flowers in the plant. Properties: All are muscilaginous.INDIAN MATERI. In India it has been for centuries used widelywith success as Ern effective substitute for Quinine in Malaria. It flushes the liver and reduces enlargement. But the northern variet5r of the hills in Punjab is preferable. They strengthen the vital force and remove semind weakness. Bala (Stda Cordifollaf There are four varieties of this herb. They impart radiance. Its Latin narne is Sida Spinosa.A MEDICA r25 Maharashtra. cooling. Besides Bala the other three varieties are Ati-Bala. Naga-Bala is an erect spiny shrub. Great benefit is derived from administering Chirata in a variety of liver complaints. astringent and nutritive. Chirata is a bitter tonic. The leaves are characterised by five or six linear markings or veins upon them. larative. Ati-Bala is a large annual shmb. It is also a good tonic after fever. It acts effectively against Malaria avoiding at the same time the unpleasant reactions of Quinine or Cinchonism. Even then it is useful to some extent. Maha-Bala and Naga-Bala. and the best is recognised to be the Chirata grown in Nepal. In such cases its tincture or the cold infusion is used. beauty and strength to the body. Their properties are all more or less similar. powders or confections. Maha-Bala is a pale flowering plant. Preparations of Bala are administered in the form of medicated ghees. diuretic. Bala is a common weedy herb. They are used . It has a pale coloured slightly sweet-smelling flowers about two to three inches in size. The red variety is more commonly found than the white one. It is a small tree very graceful in appearance. tt has tiny flowers growing in button like bunch and juicy. Kutaja is one of the most effective medicines in dysentery. It grows in the hilly tracts: in the Himalayas. Allopaths have incorporated tJlis herb in their pharmacopoeia wherein it is known as Extractum Punarnava Liquidum. bleeding and in piles. an alkatoid which is suitable for oral administration. KutaJa (Holarrhena Antldyrcntericaf seeds are astringent. Punarnava is a prostrate succulent herb. [n chronic cases particularly the action of Kutaja is nothing short of manzellous. fevers. It contains conesine. about a foot long and half an inch in diameter spotted slightly with white. The white Punarnava is . blood-pressure and gout. It contains barley shaped seeds. Modern research has now proved amply that the bark is an effective amoebicide. The efficacy of both the bark and the seeds was well-known to the ancients. rheumatism. Red variety: Boerhasvia diffrrsaf.r26 PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA with effect in sexual and general debility. As powerful as Emetine yet Kutaja does not produce any of the toxic effects produced by the former. the Vindhyas and the Ghats of South India. It creeps along the ground and at times covers an area 4 to 5 feet square. tJ:at generally bloom during the rainy season. It seldom grows in the plains except in some rare places in Bengal. It is a specific remedy for amoebic dysentery. very useful in dysqntery. The fruit is straight Its bark and bean-stalk like. heart diseases. bleeding. htnarnava (White variety: Trianthema Monogina. It contains a sweet aromatic essence known as Counmarin. expectorant and slightly laxative. Ashoka is a large beautiful ever-green tree found all over India but particularly abundant in Malabar. It acts as a good diuretic increasing the flow of urine copiously. Aehoka (Saraca Iadicaf A very valuable Uterine styptic (drug that checks bleeding). diaphoretic. Sariva is a low twining shrub. therefore. The bark is of a muddy brownish appearance externally but is of red colour upon the inner side.INDIAN MATERI. It is used with great effect in the secondary and tertiary stages of Syphilis and ordinary skin diseases. Bark and flowers are used in uterine affectations like Menorrhagia. syrup. Flowers are red. alterative. The red variety too is similar in action. Sariva (Hemidesmus Indicus) This is the Indian or Countr5r Sarsaparilla. It is a creeper. Punarnava has the quality of reducing inflammation and is. But the dried root is devoid of flavour or aroma. It is administered in the form of extract. Its chief use is in . It grows abundantly in Bengal. but of a deeper green colour and tender. tonic and blood-purifier. too. The white herb in tincture is useful in insomnia. Bengal and M. It is a demulcent. jaundice and piles. and also as a renal antiseptic in gonorrhoea and dysuria.P. tincture or as infusion. The leaves are like that of mango tree. It is found in other hilly tracts of India. It has remarkable diuretic properties and is hence invariably used in cases of ascites. It is well-known in India as Anantamool. Prolonged use is indicated in the former case.A MEDICA r27 stomachic. found to be very effective in internal abscess. diuretic. and is also used in hepatic and splenic enlargements. Swarnamakshika (5re11ow pyrites). talc or mica. Reeti (calcined zinc). chalk. Rupya (silver). Shilajit (bitumen). Tamra (copper). conch shells orpiment. Dhatu or metals. The principal metals or Dhatus are seven namely. Her greatest gift to the world is the gift of the spiritual science of Self-perfection. The secondary metals which contain any of the principal metals or their compounds. Sindura (red oxide of lead). Lavana or salts and Ratna or precious stones.litharge come under the category of Uparasas. Svarna (Gold). alum. namely. ter sulphide of arsenic. It is a first-rate remedy and tonic in all sorts of troubles of the womb. Tamramakshika (white pyrites). Next to it I would place this Science of Life. realger. the Ayrrveda as a precious gift to be carefully developed and broadcast to all nations.t28 PRACTICE OFAYURVEDA uterine troubles in which it is often used in the form of decoction. Yashada (zincl and Loha (iron). Kamsya (brass). red sulphide of mercury. lapis lazul| carbonate of zinc. sulphide of lead. It regulates the periodical menstmal flow. Rasa or mercurJr. sulphate of lead. are also seven. It is a national duty of every Indian. Banga (tin). sulphate of iron. science after science as her contribution to the common heritage of all the nations of the world. namely. Tuttha (sulphate of copper). Inorganic Materia Medica (Mineral Mediclnes) Mineral or inorganic medicines are generally described under five heads. Seesaka (lead). India has ever been evolving art after art. It is one of the best uterine tonic and its use averts the possibility of abortion in weak females. Uparasa or metallic ores and earths. cinnabar. borax. The metals are divided into two classes-principal and secondary. calamine. . Sulphur. lead stone. bisulphide of arsenic. Metals and metdlic compounds must be purified in order to remove their impurities.A MEDICA r29 The precious stones (Ratnas) are also divided into two classes.rwedic physicians have for ages past used Mandura (hydrated oxide of iron). Yashadapushpa (oxide of zincl. The principal salts that are included in the Indian Pharmacopoeia are Saindhava (rock salt). which are then set fire to and allowed to burn till consumed to ashes. Tankana (borax). Sur5rakshara (nitrate of potash). . The Ay:.rli or cat's eye). Pearl and coral belong to the animal kingdom. Kulatha decoction. The furnace for heating metals is usually a pit in the ground called Gajaputa. Pashanabheda (carbonate of iron and lime). Heera (diamond). The metals or metallic compounds to be burnt are enclosed in a covered crucible and placed in the centre of pit within the balls of cowdung. Shankavisha (arsenious acid). Rasasindura (sulphide of mercury). whey. Sambhara (Sambhara lake salt). Metals and metallic compounds are reduced to powder or Bhasma (oxide) by various processes. Mauktika (pearl) and Pravaala (coral). Neela (sapphire). They can be dipped in the juice of the plantain tree also. They will produce diseases if they are used in an unpurified state. Samudra (sun dried sea salt). Sphatika (crystal). This is filled with dried balls of cowdung. The secondary stones are Suryakanta (sun-stone).INDIAN MATERI. The metals are purified by repeatedly heating their plates and plunging them in oil. Haritshyama (turquoise) and Kancha (glass). length and breadth. cow's urine. Rasakonpura (corrosive sublimate). Rrshparaga ltopazl. principal and secondar5r. Vaidurya (lapis Laz.. sour conjee. Chandrakanta (moon-stone). Navasara (ammonium chloride). Garutmata (emerald). Yavakshara (carbonate of Soda). It is made one and a quarter cubits in depth. Manikya (ruby). Gomeda (onyx). The literature on metallic remedies is very voluminous in A5rurveda. The metallic oxides do more harm than good if they are not carefully and properly prepared. They are given in very small doses. .r30 PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA Vegetable drugs become inert after a year. pills and tinctures for a year and oily preparations for sixteen months. But Bhasmas are infinitely more effective than the vegetable drugs. powders keep up their power for two months. . flatrrlence. influenza. debility. Prakriti or Mother Nature has been very. pills. There are very good prescriptions for diarrhoea. if "Household (131) . very kind and beneficent. immediate neighbourhood and garden. scurvy. She has placed valuable potent herbs and plants at your baclqrard. cough lozenges. biliousness. Equip your household. diarrhoea powder. liver.a. medicine-chest with preparations like dysentery powder. practical. This book supplies a handy list of "Practical Household Remedies" and a list of very useful.dies' Finger at the cost of one or two pies. The results achieved by "Chamberlains Cough Remed/ or "Venos Lightning Cough Cure" can be very easily obtained by a decoction of the vegetable [. indigestion. constipation. liquorice and honey.human sufferings and saving valuable lives. dysentery. ln places where there are no dispensaries "Practical Household Remedies" will come to your help. constipation powder.Chapter XIII HOIIE REiIEDIES Everyone should possess an elementary knowledge of the Tlousehold Remedies. etc. domestic. kidney. Your whole family will be immensely benefited. or a lozenge made out of black pepper. bronchitis. Rural dispensaries can give you a great deal of medical relief at a very little cost. fevers. Make use of these herbs and be healthy and strong. sugarcandy. rheumatism.' Even an elementar5r knowledge of the ?ractical Household Remedies'will go a long way in alleviating. and guide you like an able Farnily Physician. etc. cough. malaria. lung troubles. All cannot afford to pay the doctor's bill and purchase costly patent medicines. potent prescriptions made up from them. cheap and produce lasting effect and permanent cure' A doctor should have avery large Vedantic heart and broad tolerance.r32 PRAC-TICE OF AYURVEDA Remedies' or Bazaar medicines judiciously and largelY used.Ld as such a synthetic doctor can do more good to the patients by taking recourse to different systems. herbs and drugs during their course of study of Materia Medica. Every doctor should have a synthetic knowledge of all systems. are intelligently. Europe and America. Present-day Indian women also shoutd possess a knowledge of the herbs and plants' Then they can attend well to the health of their families. He should welcome the good from each system and utilise it in the treatment of his patients. If the Government undertakes to turn the jungle herbs and shrubs into remedies which are badly needed in our . It is your duty and the duty of Government to see how you enrich the forest. herbal wealth of India. ln olden times Indian grandmothers had good knowledge of Household Remedies. Every doctor should have a perfect knowledge of the Indian plants and herbs and the Household Remedies or Indian Bazaar drugs. the students should get a knowledge of Indian plants. Allopathic drug that suits one temperament will not be suitable to another person. Homoeopathy suits X. There is great potency or potentiality in Indian herbs and plants. In the Medical schools and Colleges in India. They were good Family Physicians. At:. Many plants have very great theraPeutic value. Free India should start now many Ayurvedic laboratories in different parts of India to manufacture various Ayurvedic preparations and send them to different parts of the world and should have Aytrrvedic conquest. Allopathy suits Y and A5rurveda suits Z. He should see good in every system of medicine. Ayurveda will surely have triumph over other systems of medicine as the preparations are very potent. Every individual has a peculiar temperament. Sushruta. Glory to tJ:e Ayurvedic Rishis of India like Charaka. you can put a check 6n the import of foreign remedies and thereby save millions of rupees every year.HOME REMEDIES 133 towns and villages. . which can be utilised for solving more urgent problemq facing the count4r. Dhanvantari and others. c a$ pf FH Sz E g s {.? E ba *! $HE. ._ .T A6 . gg. s#g F .aIggE E I$E$EifHEfIEESEE u . eEEs H d hF :s'9 8E +. i s E= .{ rO oO O\ C{ rO .*:Ftfi*E gE 5SsE$ ##E5EEEc5 B E^ h0 1.=as $.' r (f) + (f) t \g FO H C.tn a I E*$ci .t34 PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA l"u o EB * $plEBEInnFIggIg._E d B I H sBsgEe."E .a EE .t'aB . tegl*3E*E!.I OI CI N N CI OI OI N N (Y) (f) (o C)(r) 'dd . E$ig$ $s= Ex i L $E:- lr Eu E E$$s ls = E -qd r gr EE I I $g gpEEI E s i **Egg g ! *E _ g fi ggis $. oi aj+ =gfr CO(Y) = d H H H C.s 5r *g g5 8-# E E 'p o) E .E i$tE f #sEr s$E $gs E I$E* f'o.uE +ii: E.HOME REMEDIES r35 tr s .$fi iE Fef s iEEg$EEiE 'r1 EE H+ 5 $f 3$ g jJ .E o E 'E g 0. S d oi cj J oi c'i + uj ro N cd oi o -..$*u . -i ct a A A \9 tD (Y) C') + + + t + + t t sf.x s I I E. gt E sBi s *B$l .s t SE 'ES B 'E - Eg Esg$EEiiEaEe fi$}$H F S . SBfr BE if i. t to to ro to tr) to to =s= .r.PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA 136 ?. oi o J oi c"i + d d N d o ci .ts E 6d E E'H.*s *ugE$Ep$ fi* SeEt E'3 I e. q .E# ts S # EE 3 f $fi !$s i I I I * E E. I uEsf. .u E EH q=n 'go P .D'.u'.F.g Fg$$ * Eg * E s= cO O\ O H Cl (Y) tf rO \o t'.cOO\ O H C{ o) \f r.su- tug E : *ig=E Efl gi E .F.r.'EE 3l $gsisE } ig i i 'E boa b E flE s E c I "1 E E fiHEf.! I gE u u* Ft g$ g * Es $g E * E s$ { € g.*u s sc g $si- E3$ tu.F. .N s g s *.t37 HOME REMEDIES . \O U? U.F- = .) U2 \O \O \O \O t@ \o \O \O \O\O f'. C E d tt 6 d 1J hi dd de -rdt E o s*d E d >d CgCE F.tr.F @ @ 6 co o @ 6 @ 6 oo ot o o ot o ot o .s s E rt' S oi o J ci d + ri d N d oi o . E B Fdd -tE -5 s.X (! f.PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA 138 g0 t{Prr sdd $ggE * Egs *ggr fi I * tB.J.q HE € .-. I.ltddC sq E H Edfr -b 5 I'e o'7 -o g €o{E 'redH-a .9B e'i .x. ai + sa'.o EE Ei uo! p'ct ts E c E#EEF$$ (d E EgEssfni ooM14t4A. aaa>F(nA d 6s# (U 5 d(Ud(55Ld $ L gE .Eir#EtE i* EteEtrEH l(Yo. aI g H d EiH ord o Z Ecs5s E 5- $i .azaF-@F J( d t{ a .fi EE E EBE I Es . . (l3e) . Danti. Rishabhaka. Amla. Prisniparni. Meda. Raajakshavaka. Sataavari. Katukarohini. Musta. Kaakoli. Pippalimoola. Bhaaradwaaji. Haridra. Yashtimadhu. Kaakoli. Rishyagandhaa are some medicines under this category. Bala.vestasa.ChapterW GHARAKA'S GIASSIFTCATION OF DRUGS Jeevaneeya are medicines which prolong life. Guduchi. Jeevanti and Yastimadhu belong to tJ. Sankhini. Ajamoda. Chiribilwa. Payasyaa. Katphala help union of fractured parts. Lekhaneeya thin the tissues or reduce corpulency. Brahmadandi. Pippali. Chitraka. They are tonics. Priyangu. Bhadroudani. Bhadroudani. Ativisha. Mocharasa. Lodhra. Aswagandha.rohini. Vidaari. Bhallaathakaasthi. Bala. Balya promote strength. Samanga. Bhedaneeya promote excretions.is group. Rishyagandhaa come under this group. Bhaaradwaaji. Mudgaparni. Katuka. Ambashta. Rohini. Kushta. Payasyaa. The following come under this: Trivmth. Vat5raayani. Atibala are all tonics. Maricha. Hingu help digestion. M ashaparni. Jeevaka. Eranda. Brimhaneeya are medicines which promote nutrition and increase corpulency. Indravaanrni. Sunthi.lhaaeeya promote the union of fractured or divided parts. Vrishabha. Chitramula. Arka. Ksheerini. Deepaneeya increase the appetite and digestive power. Daataki. Daaruharjidra. Vacha. Agnimukhi. Maashaparni. Mahameda. Sthiraa. Ksheerakaakoli. Ksheerakaakoli. Chavya. San. Useera. Maatulunga help cheerfulness. Jathi. Char5ra. Daaruhardra. Virana. Sireesha. Ikshumoola. Haridra. Ksheera-Kaakoli. Saariba. Aakshuparnika. Kayaphala. Saah. Sindhuvaara. Chitraka. Draaksha. Manjista. Vrikshaamla. all destroy gerrns. Gandira. Tadmaka. Kuvala. Karaveera. Kahaira. Bhallaataka. Brihati. Chitramoola. Pippali. Amra. Raasna. Arsoghna destroy piles. Saariba. Baadima. Syaama. Ikshumoola. Sukshmila. Bilwa. Sleshmaataka all destroy poison. Gokshura. Yastimadhu. Harithaki. Musta. Kusthaghna cure all skin diseases. Vishaghna act as antidotes to poisons. Kutaja. Kebuka. Kandughnam destroy itching. Vidaari. Karamarda. Naktamaala. Muwa. Chavya. Vidanga. . happy feeling and joy. Lakucha. The following are Triptigna: Sunthi. Triptighaa destroy satisfaction. Kanthya improve the voice and cure hoarseness. Vidanga. Dhanvayaasaka. Aamalaki. Jataamaamsi. TUnga. They remove the phtegmwhich causes a sense of satiety. are all useful in piles. Nimba. Shastika. Manjishta. Hamsapadi. Pippali. Lata belong to this group. Vacha. Kataka. Sigru. Aaragwadha. H areetaki. Sarshapa. Bhaaragi. Nirgundi. Vidanga. Sita. Aaragrradha.140 PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA Varaya improve complexion. Yashtimadhu. Chandana. Badara. Amlavetasa. Pravaala are useful in all skin-diseases. Patola. Hridaya promote cheerfulness. Vacha. Sunthi. Haridra. Kutaja. Daaruharidra. Guduchi. Chandana. Kusamoola. Saptaparna. Ativisha. Maricha. Yashtimadhu. Chandana. Krimighnam destroy parasites. Stanyqianana improve the secretion of milk. Aamrathaka. Khantakaarie come under this category. Kinihi. Musta come under this category. Kaakoli. Samudraphena. Kadambaniryaasa. Kaakoli. Vrischira. Katrianamoola-all help the secretion of milk. Jataamaamsi. Guduchi. Sataavari. Badariphala promote sweat. Anuvasanopayoga are medicines for oily enemas. Guduchi. Karkatakasringi come under this group. Karubudaara. SukraJanana increase the secretion Bhunimba. Ikshukanda. Vibhitaki. Madanaphala Yashtimadhu. Asthaapanopegern are medicines for use in non-oily enemas. Madanaphala. Pippali. Gokshura. Parushaka. Draaksha. Meda. Katphala. Elavaaluka. Karkandhu and Pilu promote purgation. Bilwa. Yava. Badara. Satapushpa. Vrishcheera. Paathaa. Meda. Jeevaka. Maasha. Erandamula. Satapushpa. Draaksha. of semen. Kovidaara. Kuluttha. Snehopayoga promote lubrication. Mudgaparni. Rishabhaka. Trivnrth. Kutajabeeja. Vamanopagam promote vomiting. Gundra Utkatamoola. are all non-oily enemas. Kuvala. Pratyakpushpi come under this category. Sanka. Maasha. Svedopayoga promote sweat. Sigru. Vidula.CHARAKA'S CLASSIFICATION OF DRUGS t4t Darbhamoola. Abhaya. Raasna. Vacha. Virechanopagam promote purgation. Kustha. Devadaaru. Sunthi. Ikshuraka. Kutajabeeja. Madhu. Syonaka all come under this group . Agnimantha. Saariba puriff milk. Arka. Kaasmaree. Devadaaru. Saalaparni come under this group. Musta. Sarshapa. Rrnarnava. Arka. Punarnava. Tila. Aamalaki. Murvaa. Ksheerakaakoli. Kushta. Kaasamoola. Jeevaka. Bilwa. Katukarohini. Sthanyasodhana puriry milk. Ksheerakaakoli. Sukrasodhana puriff the semen.parni.pushpi. Bimbi. Useera are all purifiers of semen. Neepa. Jeevanti. Vasuka. Yastimadhu. They improve the quality of milk. Yastimadhu. Vidaari. Udumbara. Badarabeeja. Bhallaathaka. Vriksharuha. Mocharasa. Yava. MritJr . Guduchi.r. Svaagahara cure diflicult breathing or Asthma. Brihati. Punarnava. Utkatamoola all these increase urine. Dhaataki. Kantakaari. Maadiphala. lncrease urrne. I. Duraalabha. Aamalaki. Jambu. Aamra. Anantha. Musta. Suryaawata. Katwanga. Karkatakasringr are all useful in hiccup. Sigru. Jambu. Sweta.odhra. Aamra. Mutra-virechaaeeyam Vrikshaadani. Baarngi. Kantakaari. Agaru. Mocharasa. all come under this group. Amlavetasa. Sallkitwak. Jambu. Sati. Paashaanabhedi.pallava. Apaamaarga. Musta. Vruschira all relieve cough. Dhanvayaasa. Lfseera. Pippali. Kaasa. IHshnaanigrahanam relieve thirst. Kshavaka. V1ta. Aamraasthi. Sunthi. Vasuka. Draaksha. Bhunimba. Utpal. Usmeera. Chhardlnigrahanq". Parpataka.'RVEDA Sirovlrechanopayoga promote discharge from the nose. Pushkaramoola. Kachchura. relieve vomiting. Mrith. Padmakesara come under this group. Payasyaa. Samanga. Ela. Pippali. Bhnrtamrit. Yashtimadhu.aaja all relieve vomiting. Hitg. Priyangu. Chanana. Jyotishmati. Mootra-sangrahaneeyam reduce secretion of urine. Swadamstra. Sati. Daadima. Devadaru-niryasa. Hareethaki. l. Vidanga. Darbha. Somavalka all reduce the secretion of urine. Kaphahara relieve cough. Sarshapa. Pushkaranamula. Kusa. HtLkantgrahanam relieve hiccup. Yasthimadhu. Kapeetana. ' hrrlshe Sangrahanlyam render the faeces consistent. . Maricha. Pippali.t42 PRACTICE OF AYI. Rrrlsha ViraJaneeyam alter the colour of the faeces.I. Duraalabha. Aswaththa. Tilakana all alter the colour of tl:e faeces.aaja all relieve thirst. Hareethaki. Mahaasweta. Asmanthaka. Badara. Taalaki. Plaksha. Karkatasringi. Seethapraaamana relieve cold. (Jseera. Usheera. Parushaka. Chandan are useful in Asthma. Brihati. Manjistha. Kadamba. Pippali. Chandana. Jeevanti. Saalaparni. Sarkara. Khadira. Saariba. Piyaala. Draaksha. Kantakaari. Paatha. Hareethaki. Maricha. Phalgu. Kantakaari. Taamalaki. Gandeera relieve colic. Chitraka. Prisniparni. Sringabera. Sothahara cure swelling. Paatala. Madhuka. Agnimandha. Kumkuma. Neelotpala. Asana. Agnimandha. (Dasamoola) cure swelling. Piyala. Kantakaari. Kaasmaree. Vanjula. Jeeraka. Chavya. Syonaka. Sarkara. Prenkhana. Arjuna. Draaksha. Ajmoda. Ela. Laaja restore blood. Tagara. Yava. Gokshura. Pippali relieve cold. Saariba. Pippalimoola. Peelu. Gairaka. Madhuka.ttqne restore blood. . Arjuna. Lodhra. Laaja. Udardaprasamanam relieve rashes. Syonaka. Asokaall relieve suffering. Vacha. Kaakoli. Shastika relieve exhaustion. Sulaprasamanam relieve colic. Vedanaasthapana relieve suffering. Hribera relieve burning and reduce heat in the body. Badaara. Saptaparna. Vibheetaki relieve fever. Sramaharam relieve exhaustion. Ajagandha. Daadima. Ela. Valuka. Chandana. Daahaprasamanam relieve burning sensation. Angamardaprasamanam relieve bodily pains. Katphala. Agaru. Padma. Aswakarna. Sunthi. Kharjura. Ikshu. Ajamoda. Brihati. Sirisha. Prisniparni. Tinduka. Kaasmaree. Loshta. Madhuka help relief from bodily pains. Irimeda are useful in rashes. Bilwa. Kumuda. Dhaanyaka. Mocharasa. Mocharasa. Sarkara. Parushaka. Vidarigandha. Aamalaki. Sonitathaps. Jwaraharam relieve fever. Madhu. Badara. Eranda. Kadara.CHARAKA'S CLASSIFICATION OF DRUGS 143 Surasa. Guduchi. Paatali. Katurohini. Vayasthaapana prevent the effects of age. Jataamaamsi. Indravaamni. Katurohini restore consciousness. Durvaa. Katphala. Raasna. Vacha. Hareethaki. Sweta. Guduchi. Aamalaki. Brahmi. Prenkhana. are useful in pregnancy. Jeevanti. Sthira.t44 PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA SamJnaasthapaaa restore consciousness. PraJaasthapana cure sterility. Brahmi. Punarnava help rejuvenation. Bala. Brahmi. Hareethaki. Irimeda. Aamalaki. Hirgrr. Golomi. Swetadunraa. Satavari. Guggulu. Sati. . Arshoghna (Haemostatic) as Indrayava (wrightia antidysentrica). as Pippalimoola (piper longum). Daahaprashamrna (Antipyretic). Dambha (Escharotic). as Bhallataka (semi-carpus anacardium). as Peelu (salvadora indica). as Jeeraka (cuminum cyminum). Chhedana (Laxative). Jvarahara (Antipyretic). as Shati (hedychium spicatum). Garbhasraavi (Ecbolic). as Gokshura (tribulus terrestris). as Marichi (piper nigrum). as Girinjana (daucus carota). Artavotpadaka (Emmenagogue) as Jyotishmati (cardiospermum helicacabum). Hiktanigrahe (Antisingultus). (14s) . Anulomana (Cathartic) as Hareetaki (terminalia chebula). Avrishya (Anaphrodisiac). as Katuki (pricorrhiza kurroa). Chhardinigrahana (Anaematic). as Usheera (andropogon nardus). Bhedana (purgative).ChapterXW CIASSIFICATION OF DRUGS-I Angarnardaprasha". Deepaneeya (Stomachic). as Dadina (punica granatum). as Bhoostrina (andropogon scoenanthus). Ashmareeghna (Lithonyltic). Grahi (Carminative and Exsiccative).ana (Antispasmodic) as Vidarigandha (costus speciosus). as lkshu (saccharum oflicinarum). as Pippalachchala (cortex ficus religiosa). as Dhattura (datura stramonium). as Shigrubeeja (moringa pterygosperma). as Vidanga (embelia ribes). Mootrasangrahana (Anuretic). Madaka (Inebrient). Lekhana (Liquefacient). Kuthtaghna (Antiscorbutic). as Rala (shorea robusta). as Matha (phaseolus aconitifolius). Kaphakara (Phlegmagogue). as Kapikachhu (mucuna pruriens). Mootravirechaneeya (Diuretic). as Vacha (acorus calamus). as Kasha (poa c5mosuradies). Kandura (Rubefacient). as Akalakarabha (spilanthes oleracea). Krimlghna (Anthelninatic). as Gavedhu (a kind of corn). Nidrahara (Antihypnotic). Niromakara (Depilatory). as Haridra (curcuma zedoaria). Karshyakara (Antifat). Lalotpadaka (sialagogue). as Brihati (solanum indicum). Kaathya (Expectorant). Lalaghna (Antisialoagogue). Krimtkrtt (Vermiparaous).PRAC-TICE OF AYURVEDA 146 Kaphahara (Antiphlegmagogue). . Kandughna (Antipsoric). as Jatiphala (myristica moschata). as Kakajangha (capparis sepiaria). Nidrakara (Hypnotic). as Bibheetaka (terminalia bellerica). as Chandana (santalum album). CLASSIFICATION OF DRUGS-I 147 Pittahara (Anticholeric). as Tila (seasumum indicum). as Tvak (cinnamomum cassiA). as Beejapura (citrus acida). as Triwita (ipomaea terpethum). Sheetaprashamaaa (Antalgide). as Karpoora (camphora offrcinarum). Prqiasthapana (Anebolic). as Madhya (vina medicata). Sanjeevasthapana (Restorative). Prativasa (Antibromic). Rasayana (Rejuvenesent). as Devadali (luffa echinata). Pittakara (cholagogue). as Guggulu (arnyris pentaphylla). as Agaru (aquilaria agallochum). as Kamala (nelumbium speciosum). Prasvaka (Parturifacient). as Amrita {coculus cordifolius). as Priyangu (panicum miliaceum). as Agastya (agati grandiflora). Rechana (Hydragogue). as Hinga (narthex asafoetida). Sammohana (Anaesthetic). Jatamansi (nardostachys j atamansi) . aS Vishnukranta (evolvulus hirsustus) . Samshodhana (Emetic and Purgative). . as Mayophala (quercus infectoria). Pramathi (Antiphysical). Shirovirechana (Sternutatory). Sankochana (Constringent). Rohana (Epulotic). hrrishasangrahana (Astringent). Shrrnaneeya (Calmative). as Ela (amomum elettarum). as Arani (premna serratisfolia).PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA 148 Shophakara (Epispatic). as Kesara (crocus sativus). ShukraJanana (Spermatopoietic). as Ashvagandha (physalis somnifera). as Rishabhaka (helekteres isora). as Madhuka (glycyrrhiza globra). Vamana (Emetic). as Snoohee (euphorbia tirucalli). Sransana (Drastic). as Kushtha (saussurea lappa). Sthanyajanana (Galactagogue). as Vidari (batatas paniculata). as Punarnava (boerhaavia diffrta). as Sthatapushpa (pimpinella anisum). Shoolaprashamana (Anticolic) as Ajamoda (ptychotis ajowan). Shramahara (Refrigerant). Sthaulyakara (Fat-former). as Panasa (artocarpus integrifolia). as Ksheerakakoli (hedysarum gangeticum). as Ikshu (saccharum officinarum). Shukrala (Tonic). Shvedopaga (Diaphoretic). as Manjishtha (rubia cordifolia). as Rajataru (cassia fistula). . Svatya (Voice-improver). as Madana (randia dumetrorum). Shvasahara (Antiasthmatic). Shukrashodhana (Semen-improver). Trishna Nigrahaaa (Frigorific) as Ashwagandha (physalis somnifera). VaJeekara (Aphrodisiac). Varnya (Cosmetic). Shothahara (Discutient). Snehopaga (Demulcent). Shronitasthapana (Styptic). as Nirgundi (vitex negundo). Vyayayi (Sedative). as Bhanga (cannabis sativa). Vishaghna (Antitoxic).CLASSIFICATION OF DRUGS-I L49 Vatakara (Flatus-producer) as Vallaka (dolichos sinensis). 4s Shireesha (mimosa seriassa). Visha (Toxic) as Vatsanabha (aconihrm napellus). Vedaanasthapana (Anodyne). . 9.g. caustics. Mutrala are medicines which promote the secretion of urine. without producing watery motions are called Bhedana. warrn water. They promote excretions and help their discharge. barley. Chhedana are medicines which remove forcibly and eliminate from the body phlegm or other humours. Dadhi or curd.g. Katuki (Priconhiz. black pepper. Abhishyandi are medicines which retain the secretions and cause heaviness of the body through their qualities of heaviness or emollient qualities. Balya or tonics are medicines which increase strength..a Kunoa).Chapter ){Vll CIASSIFICATION OF DRUGS-II Anulomana are medicines which digest the humours and set them free. Lekhana or attenuants remove bad humours by thinning them gradually and eliminating them from the system e. g.. Grahi or inspissants are medicines which dry the fluids of the body through their digestive and healing properties. errhines.. Bhedana are medicines which set free scybala and other contents of the intestines and discharge them from the bowels. (ls0) . etc. emetics. expectorants. Pachana are medicines which assist in digesting undigested food but do not increase the appetite.. e. Brimhana are medicines which promote nutrition and increase the bulk of the body. honey. e. Deepana are medicines which promote appetite but do not help in digesdng undigested food. e. e.g. Stanyajan€ura are medicines which promote the secretion of milk.are medicines which rectiff the deranged state of the humours and calm their excited action. Sransara are medicines which hurry the chyle or materials for digestion without allowing them to be property digested. Trivri tt llmpomeoa Turpethum). purgatives.. g. Samsamana.g.CLASSIFICATION OF DRUGS-II 151 Pramathi are medicines which facilitate the removal of collecting secretions from their tubes or receptacles. increase the vigour and cure the diseases. without promoting the excretions. Vacha (acorus calamus). Stambhana or constipators are medicines which increase the air and retain the secretions through their dryrng and astringent properties e. e. Wajeekarana or aphrodisiacs are medicines which increase the sexual power. e. Samsodhana are medicines which remove collections of bad humours and discharge them by the excretions. e. the pulp of cassia fistula. Svedana are medicines which promote the secretion of perspiration.. errhines and other depuratories..g. emetics. Vamana or emetics are medicines which cause emesis of bile.. Rechaka are medicines which cause the discharge of the digested or undigested contents of the intestines in a liquid form. . Indrayava seeds or Holarrhena antidysenterica.. mucus and other contents of the stomach. Rasayana or alterative tonics are medicines which prevent or remove the effects of age.8. cloves. Antidote (Vishanasini). etc. camphor. Example: Tea. bach. tobacco. Antispasmodic (Angakarshana Nasini). sarsaparilla. Example: Camphor. kidneys. Antilithic is a medicine or substance that prevents the formation of stones in the gall-bladder. Adhatodha. Anti-soporific. Benzoin. urinary bladder. It depresses the sexual organ. etc. Neem oil. saffron. chiretta. apErmarga. asafoetida. white pumpkin.Chapter)flr'III NpEx Iq rHEBApEUItcAcItoN or BgAAn p_Rugg Alterative (Vyadhi-bheda-kari) is a drug that alters the morbid or unhealthy processes in the body and restores the normal functions of an organ in some unknown way. Datura. etc. betel. tobacco. sandal. garlic. cannabis. Anaphrodisiac is opposite of aphrodisiac. benzoin. Example: Ajowan. adhatodha. mudar. A remedy that reduces inflammation. sugarcErne. It is an agent or remedy tl:at allays or relieves cont'irrlsions or spasmodic pains. It corrects or alters a poisoned condition of blood-stream and restores healthy functioning. chobchini. gulancha. Example: Akrot (walnut). mountain NeemAnti-philogrstic. A remedy that prevents sleep and keeps one awake. A remedy that counteracts the action of a poison. Example: Opium. etc. Example: Coffee seeds. opium. Ammonium Chlori. Example: Cloves. Ajowan. Anti-sialagogue. bora)r. (rs2) . coffee. etc. Antiseptic (Dhatu Ksheenarodhi) is a remedy that prevents putrefaction and inhibits ttre growth of germs. Example: Belladonna. jetamansi. mint. A drug or substance that reduces the flow of saliva.de. gum-arabic. dates. poppy seeds. A substance that causes contraction of organic tissues or arrests bleeding. garlic. betel. Bhoree [oth. methi seed. apamarga. diarrhoea. Bengal-gram. sandal. kamala. Example: Walnut. guava. papaya. Anodyne (Vedanasantinil. Astringent (Sankochanakari). betel nut. root-bark and seeds of pomegranate. jambul. cumin. A remedy that prevents the Vata diseases in the body. butea BUD. Madras-nut (coloured) . Aromatic is a drug that stimulates digestion and appetite. cannabis. A drug that glves relief from pain. etc. Aphrodisiac (Kamavardhini) is a medicine that stimulates the sexual passion. fruit. Anti-rheumatic (Vataharini). linseed. supari. etc. mint. Example: Pepper. somraj. Example: Pepper. Ajowan. leaves and seeds of Neem. bael. adhatodha. lemon. alum. cannabis. Example: Bark of walnut. betel leaf. radish. Anthelmintic (Ikiminasini). butea seeds. black-gram. dried glnger. jalamisri. coriander. cumin seeds. nutmeg. baberaug. babul BUfl. Example: Ginger. Example: Opium. Example: Apamarga. Anti-pyretic. asafoetida. An agent that acts against the poison of periodic fever like malaria. A remedy that produces a soothing effect over diseases caused by excessive secretion of bile. . horse-gram. black cumin. Anti-periodic. cashewnut. isafgul. etc. A remedy or medicine that either kills or renders powerless or expels intestinal worrns {vermicide and vermifuge). calumba. methi seeds. cinnamon. A remedy that reduces the temperature of fever. rd$. asafoetida. bark. ashoka bark. lady's finger. It has good aroma. palas.INDEX TO THERAPEUTIC ACTION OF BAZAAR DRUGS T53 Antibilious (Pittasantinil. Spirit Ammonia Aromaticus. triphala. Example: Walnut. Example: Cardamom. pepper. coriander. dried ginger (sontll). walnut seed. Deodarant (Bhutigandha-nasini). prunes.rlvis Jalapa. etc. copper sulphate. removes or collects offensive odour. A remedy that promotes the secretion or excretion of bile. phenolphthalein. cumin. Example: Black-gram. sarsaparilla. Example: Palas. wheat. bara gokhru. turmeric. The drug that soothes or protects the mucous membrane. cardamom. jack. pipul. repeated and more watery motions. methi seeds. Example: Long pepper. methi seeds. cucumber. sesarnum. onion. pepper. coriander. Example: Pr. sugarcane. grapes. poppy seeds. Cholagogue (Pittakari). white pepper. It is divided into (1) laxativewhich induces gentle bowel movement. asafoetida. coffee. sarsaparilla. dates. A remedy that destroys. l2l purgative which produces copious. Fennel. Cathartic. kurchi bark. gum. Carminative (UdaraVataharini). tailed pepper. wood apple. barley. aniseed. Example: Figs. pomegranate. A remedy that purifies the animal economy. caraway seeds. A dnrg that promotes evacuation from the bowels. etc. A drug that improves the quality and quantityof blood. m5rrobalans. mint. capsicum. Cardiac Stimulant (Hridushnakari) is a remedy that stimulates the heart. kurchi seeds. A drug that expels wind from the bowels and relieves pain and corrects digestion. Cordiac (Raktavardhinil.PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA 154 catechu. Example: Podophyllin. Example: Fig. T\rlasi. Demulcent (Antar Snigdhakari). Tulasi. betel. dill seeds. Example: Chillies. garlic. mangostin. Blood tonic. Croton. cloves. lemon. nux vomica. nutmeg. Example: Benzoin. galls.. lady's finger (bhindi). cinnamon. basil seeds. Depurative (Malinanivartini). Kala Mirch. chamomile. glnger. Ajowan seeds. . opium. plantain fruit. increases nasal secretion. Example: Cubebs. A remedy that destroys gerns and prevents fermentation and putrefaction. vaseline. tailed pepper. methi seeds. lady's finger. adhatodha. salt. Example: Hyosryamus. Example: Tobacco. Example: Alum. Spirit Actheria. Discutient: An agent that causes disappearance of a swelling. Emmenagogue (Ritu-vardhini). asafoetida. isafgul.g that increases the flow or secretion of urine. etc. An agent which by external application soothes the skin. saffron. Ajowan. moringa root. gum arabic. Diuretic (Mootravardhini). Jangli-pikvan. kakrasinghi. Example: Neem leaves. A drug that promotes digestion. A drug when applied to the mucous membrane of the nose. cumin. Expectorant (Kaphakarini). asafoetida. Tulasi. A drrg that promotes expectoration of phlegm or sputum. Example: Opium. copper sulphate. Example: Vasambu. Emollient (Snigdhakari). dates. A remedy that stimulates and regulates the menstrual flow. Dhatura. Ecbolic is a drlg that increases the activity of a pregnant uterus. adhatodha. It reduces fever by inducing increased perspiration. Example: Ginger. A remedy that causes vomiting. liquorice. jatamansi. Emetic fvamanakari). garlic. Ammonium-chloride. methi leaves. papaya. Disinfectant (Aganhrka-roga-nasini). tobacco. Example: Castor oil. . gulancha. black cumin. mustard.. benzoin.INDEX TO THERAPEUTIC ACTION OF BAZAAR DRUGS T55 chaulmoogra. Potas Nit. Nitrosi. talmakhan. A drr. cocoanut oil. Digestive (Pachanakari). sesamum. Example: Pine-apple. . Diaphoretic is a drug tJrat produces increased perspiration. black pepper. isafgul. gokhru. linseed oil. onions. bael. linseed. Errhine (Sirovirechani). mudar. garjan oil. A remedy that loosens the bowels. pituitrin. Example: Ammonium-chloride. betel. liquorice. sesarnum. kakra singhi. arabian jasmine. adrenaline. mudar. betel. m5rrobalan. Example: Adhatodha. a mild purgative. etc. Hypnotic or Soporific (Nidrakari) is an agent or medicine that induces sleep. A drug that produces watery motions by inducing'free secretion from the intestinal glands and removing much serum from the intestinal blood vessels. Example: Croton. A remedy that increases the secretion of milk in the breasts of the nursing mothers. castor oil. Iig. (Also see Anthelmintic). . General Anaesthetic is a drug or substance that stops bleeding by coagulating the blood or contracting the arteries and arterioles. cannabis. gall-nut. etc. Germicide (Kriminasinil. cubebs. (For opposite action see Anti-soporific).ne. Example: Linseed. black cumin seeds.156 PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA arusha. Example: Walnut seed. etc. Example: The bark of walnut. myrrh. Vasambu. methi seeds. pine apple. Hydragogue (Jalavirechani). An agent that reduces or stops the secretion of milk in the breasts. cotton seed extract. Example: Calcium-chloride. pomegranate. liquorice. Laxative (Malakari). Example: Opium. Lactifuge (Ksheeranasini). A remedy that destroys the micro-organism or germs. Example: Opium. A remedy that lessens or removes fever. opium. grapes. banafsa. Febrifuge (Jvaraharini). pepper. Bengal-gram. sesarnum. Example: Bael leaves. amalaka. Lactagogue (Ksheera-vardhini). jangli pikvan. sugarca. black-gram. white pumpkin. linseed. potatoes. garjan oil. potatoes. Hepatic (Yakrit-bala-kari) is an agent or medicine that tones the action of the liver. Haemostatic (Rakta-sthambhanakari) is a drug that arrests or restrains bleeding. asafoetida. Nervous Sedative (Nadisamanakari). Example: Opium. ice. A remedy that produces a soothing influence by lowering the functional activity of the nervous system. Nutrient or Nutretic (Poshanakari). Local Anaesthetic (Smritirodhakari). Example: Benzoates for phosphatic and alkalis for uric acid calculi in the urinary tract. A remedy that causes nervous excitement or gives tone to the nervous system. A remedy that has power the of dissolving the various stones in the body. Madras-nut (Kalipakku). Mild Diuretic (Laghu-mootra-vardhini) is a drug or substance that slightly increases the flow or secretion of the urine. Nervine Tonic. (Also see H5pnotic. Example: The seeds of pomegranates. A drug that irritates the skin locally. etc. groundnut. cucumber. radish. tobacco. Example: Oil of cloves. sugarcane. tamarind fruit. Muscular Tonic is a drug that tones up the muscular tissues. sweet-potatoes. Example: Brahmi. nutmeg. sesarnum seeds.INDEX TO THERAPEUTIC ACTION OF BAZAAR DRUGS 157 papaya. A drug tJlat nourishes the body as a whole. bael fruit. Example: Potatoes. . wheat. An agent which relieves pain in the skin (locally). white pumpkin. cocaine. cannabis. plantain fruit. ragi. methi leaves. Example: Lavang (cloves). stramonium or Dhatura. A drug or remedy that produces narcosis or stupor. opium. Soporific). Local Stimulant. Lithontriptic (Pashanabhedini). black-gram. Narcotic. poppy seeds. cannabis. Local Anodyne (Charmavedananashini). A substance that produces less of sensation locally. kidneys and urinary bladder. in the gall-bladder. cannabis. Jalapa. radish. chiretta. An agent that causes the absorption of inflammatory or other swelling. sesamum. garlic. Stimulant (Ushnakari). A drug that increases the flow of saliva. Example: Walnut. Example: Black cumin. Jatamansi. lemon. Restorative. T\rlasi. jack. resin. Parturifarient (Prasavakari). nux vomica. sugarcane. onions. Rubefacient (Shonakari). Example: Cannabis. opium. Rrrgative (Virechani).r58 PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA maize. betel. coffee. ghee. Croton. jatamansi. plantain fruit. musk. Example: Cannabis. sandalwood oil.A substance that produces a soothing effect by lowering functional activity. camphor. Example: Opium. Resolvent. hill Neem flower. chillies. sweet-potatoes. black-gram. green-gram. coriander. tobacco. Dhatura. An agent that kills parasite. betel. etc. camphor. Example: pepper. asafoetida. . mint leaves. tobacco. sandal. ginger. Bengal-gram (Chana). Parasiticide (Ikimighna). cardamom. grapes. Sedative (Samanakari). Ajowan. borax. barley. saffron. dried ginger. Example: ginger. Example: Castor oil. crrmin. Sialogogue (Dravakari). turmeric. tailed pepper. grapes. dates. A remedy that causes copious watery evacuation of the bowels. A remedy that induces the labour pain in order to hasten the delivery. A remedy that excites the functions of an organ or some process of the body economy. Refrigerant (Seetalakari) is a drug that has cooling properties or lowers the bodily temperature. cocoanut water. Ajowan. A drug that produces reddening of the skin. It is a drug or medicine or food that is eflicacious in restoring one to health and vigour. pepper. Vermifuge is a drl. A drug that restores the normal tone of tl:e body. chamomile. A remedy tJrat produces a soothing effect on the uterus by lessening its functional activity.INDEX TO THERAPEUTIC ACTION OF nRz'. garlic. bonduc-nut. Ajowan. Example: Ashoka.qutp DRUGS 159 Stomachic (Jatharagni Vardhini). etc. Neem bark. radish. A drug that tones the uterus. . Vesicant (Tvakspotakari). Batanaphthol. Example: Santonin. sat gilo. jambul. Vermicide is a drug that kills the worms in the bowels. chiretta. Uterine Tonic. chobchini. white pumpkin. chiretta. gulancha. mint. A drug that produces vesicles and blisters when applied to the skin. chinchal (chatium). Uterine Sedative. sarsaparilla. dates. bael. mudar. the flower of Neem. sulphate of iron. atis. cumin. coriander. Tonic (Balakari). saffron. Example: Akrot. rasaut.rg that causes expulsion of worms from the bowels. bach. ginger. dried glnger. black cumin. creat. betel. An agent that invigorates the functional activities of the stomach. black-gram. salsa. Example: Mustard. moringa root. cloves. chillies. chaulmoogra oil. cardamom. sesarnum. gokhru. Example: Ashoka. oil of chenopodium. horse-gram. Example: Ajowan. Chapter XIX AY1JRVEDIC PREPARANONS (Vividha Nirmanf Anjana Asava Avaleha Basti Bhasma Bindu Chukra Churna Dhumapana Dhumra Drava Dravasveda Gandusha Ghrita Gutika Hima Kalka Kanjika Kavalika Kvatha Lepa Manjana Modaka Nasya Paka Panaka Peya Phanta Pindi Plota Satva Sechana Shrutambu Shukta (eye-salve) (tincture) (electuary) (enema) (alkaline ashes) (drops) (vinegar) (powder) (inhalation) (tumigation) (acid) (medicated bath) (eargle) (ghee) (pill) (watery extract) (paste) (gruel) (suppository) (decoction) (ointment) (dentifrice) (bolus) (snuff) (confection) (syrrp) (emulsion) (infusion) (poultice) (lotion) (extract) (spray ) (Cold water in which a very hot piece of brick or iron is quenched) (ferment) (160) . AYURVEDIC PREPARATIONS Svarasa Sveda Taila Udvartana Upanaha Vatika Vartika (ecpressed juice) (vapour) (oiD (liniment) (fomentation) flozenge) (bougie) 161 . The medicines should be pounded small. treacle. honey. I(tlata (Quath) KVata or decoctions are prepared by boiling one part of vegetable substances with sixteen parts of water' till tl. Vatika and Gutika They are pills and boluses. No boiling needed in this preparation' (162) . then boiled over a slow fire' The deciction should be strained through a cloth. sugar. They are prepart9 Uy reducin! a decoction of vegetable substances to a thick a consiste-"nce and then adding some powders for making powdered pitl--^"". Somdtimes pill-masses are made of inedicines with the addition of treacle or honey' Modaka Modaka are boluses prepared by adding powders to coldsyrupandstirringthemtogethertilluniformly mixed.e laltter is reduced to one fourth. Extracts are administered with the addition of sugar.Decoctionsafterbeingstrained are again boiled down to the consistence of a thick extract. Avdeha Avalehaorextract. Decoctions are administered with the addition of salt.Chapter )Q( qPlAlNEp AyuBvEDlc PREPABTilqNS (Nirmana Vivarana) Choorna Choorna or powders are prepared by pounding dry substances in a mortar with a pestle and passing the powder through a fine cloth. Seeta Kashaya This is a cold infusion. Dravaka This is a distilled mineral acid. Sankadravaka and Svalpadravaka are examples. Strain the liquid. Phanta They are infusions prepared by steeping one part of powered herbs in 8 parts of hot water for t2hours during the night. The oils are rubbed on the body. the fermented liquor is called Arishta. They are heating. The Ghritas are used internally. They are prepared from honey and treacle with the addition of various medicinal substances. milk or a decoction of drugs. stimulating. A number of mineral substances of salts are heated in a retort and the distilled fluid is collected in a glass-reserwoir. They are all steeped in water and put aside in earthen jars for vinous fermentation. Medicated Oils and Ghritas These are decoctions of vegetable drugs in oil or Ghrita (ghee or clarified butter). When the decoction of drugs only is added.AYURVEDIC PREPARATIONS EXPLAINED 163 Asava and Arishta They are medicated liquors. the resulting fluid is called Asava. . This is prepared by steeping one part of a drug in six parts of water for the night and straining the fluid in the morning. easily digested and stomachic. They are prepared by boiling vegetable drlgs in ghee or oil with the addition of water. When raw medicinal substances a-re used for fermentation. The mixture is boiled until one fourth remains.e juice and straining it through cloth. Gutika is a ball. Asava is a fermented drink of honey. syrup and water with various medicinal stuffs' Bhasma is an oxide of metal or jewel' Choorna is a powder pounded in a mortar and is strained through a Piece of cloth. They are made by adding to syrt. Choornarishta is mixed with a powder' Ghrita is a medicinal preparation with cow's ghee' It is for internal use.PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA t64 Slvarasa This is expressed juice prepared by pounding vegetables in a mortar expressing tl.irrg a thin paste with the addition of water if necessarJr I(handaPalra These are confections. n . Kashaya. a muller and then *i. Kalka is a paste of a plant bruised on a stone' Kanjika is a fermented rice-gruel' . till ultimately mixed and reduced to proper consistence. Syrup may be made with sugar and water or milk or the strained decoction of some medicinal substances. AYurYedic PreParations Arishta. Keltra This is a paste prepared by grinding dry or fresh vegetable subsianceJon a stone wit1. Honey is subsequently added to confections. KVata is a decoction of 4 to 16 parts of water wittr one part of medicine.p medicines in fine powder and stirring them over tir. chronic constipation. Then the shell is broken and the roasted medicine is given either as a pill or a powder. or its extract as juice with honey. anaemia. Vatika is a pill. Varti is suppository. Avalehya is a licking substance or confection consisting of thick extracts from plants with addition of sugar. cake or chocolate. bowel complaints. Putapaka is a roasted vegetable medicine. Yavagu is a meal sauce with an addition of medicinal stuff. 15 minutes after food. worrns. Taila is a medicinal preparation with oil. ARISHTAS /.s diluted withhalf the quantity of iater.AYURVEDIC PREPARATIONS EXPLAINED 165 Kanjika guda is a mixture with syrup. Lepa is an ointment. For children below six years 2 teaspoonfuls. The whole is roasted.' . Rasa is a mercurial preparation. Dose for adults is one ounce twice daily with one ounce of water. Parpati is like a pappad. spleen and liver disorders. dysentery. b 2 tolas (1 oz. which is produced in a mortar by pounding fresh plants. Lehya. Pak is like Mysore pak. It is for external use. Svarasa is a natural juice. The stuffs are turned into a ball which is enveloped in leaves strung together and is covered with a layer of mud.) twbe a dag afier meal. Abhayarishta: Chief ingredient is Hareetaki. Dose. Kanjika lavana is a mixture with salt. Useful in piles. uncooked pill. Modaka is sweet. e4rt Sd. Satavari. menorrhagia and other female complaints. asti jwara. dry ginger. Nagarmotha. Jeyapal (nutleg). the seed of mango. It improves appetite. Tamalpatra (cinnamonum tamala)' Useful . Promotes health and vitality. Aswagandha. amenorrhoea or absence of menstruation. big cardamoms. It eradicates all diseases of the womb and strengthens the womb' Useful in leucorrhoea. white sandal. neelkamal or blue lotus. night sweaiing. It is useful in liver and spleen comPlaints. a tonic for all rheumatic complaints. dhaykapool' ingredients: Aswagandharishta: Chief Hareetaki Manjistha. Madhukapushpa. Rasna. debility. Dhataki- pushpa. (wood fordia. honey. heniplegia. Metitis. Gokuru. dismenorrhoea or dilficulty of menstruation. (big). uterine tonic and stimutant. pippali . Babbuladyarishta: Babbulka chhal (bark). Nagarmotha. This is a bitter tonic and stimulant specially beneficial in chronic fevers. pains in joints. Purana gud. Musali. red sandal powder. sleeplessness. Dhatakipushpa Satavari. black cumin. cinnamon. bark of Vasaka. cloves (lavanga). general and nervous debility. Mu1ati (liquorice). malaria. Lardamoms. lungs and Blood-Pressure' Aehokarishta: Chief ingredient is Ashoka Bark' Alterative. Kaituki. Rheumatic pains. Bidari kand. all discharges. Rasna. Saptaparna (sarsaparilla). black pepper. loss of memory. white Aswagandha. bestows dhatupushti. T[rmeric. old gud Uaggery)' Useful in diseases of heart. It contains also triphala. Nagkesar (Masuaferia). Munakka (grapes). Arjunarishta: It contains the bark of Arjuna tree.(long pepper). It regulates menstruation. Tirukutu. cloves.. Floribunda)." Useful in Epilepsy. red sandal. Useful in all kinds of debility. trikot. Prapak.t66 PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA Amritarishta: Chief ingredients are Gudoochi or Giloy. Balarishta: Chief ingredients are Bala. black cumin. AYURVEDIC PREPARATIONS EXPLAINED 167 in consumption, cough, asthma, parswasool (pain in the side of the chest), all sorts of urinar5r complaint, diarhoea, leprosy. Dasamoolarlshta: There are 7L herbs. Chief ingredients are Guduchee (or Giloy or Amrita), Chitrak (Plumbago zeylanica), Amla, Khadir bark, Hareetaki, Devadam, Mulati (liquorice), Punarnava, pippali, Nagarmotha, Ashtavtrg?, Musk, Munakka, old gud, honey, etc. Useful in piles, leprosy, sexual and general debiligr, cough, cold, consumption, pulmonar5r and urinary diseases, dysentery. It purifies the womb. It is glven as a tonic to women after delivery. It is useful in Prasuthijwara of women after delivery. It is a stimulant when one is fatigued. Dantyarishta: Chief ingredients are: root of Jamalgota or croton, Chitrak, Dasmool, triphala, Dhatakipushpa, old gud. Useful in anaemia or povert5r of blood, bleeding piles, constipation, worms, anaemia (Panduroga), obesit5r. It increases appetite and digestion. Draksharlshta: Chief ingredients are Munakka (big grapes), pippali (long pepper), cinnamon, small cardamom, Tejpatra, Nagkesar, black pepper, Dhatakipushpa. Useful in consumption, typhoid, influenza, cold, cough, asthma, dyspepsia, anaemia,loss of appetite, tonic for children. It increases Jatharagni or the digestive fire. Dhatryarishta: Chief ingredients are Green Amla juice, sugar, honey, pippali, Dhatakipushpa. Useful in jaundice, anaemia, fever, malaria, blood pressure, cough, hiccup, asthma, dyspepsia, biliousness. Eladyarishta: Ingredients: Small cardamoms, Vasaka (panchanga, five parts), Majyth, Indrajau, dantimool, Giloy, Khas, Mulati, Khadir bark, Arjun bark, Chiretta, Neem bark, Chitrak, Satpushpa, (saunf, feniculum bulgeri), honey, Dhatakipushpa, Trikatu. Useful in influenza, chicken pox, sinus, fistula, PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA 168 gonorhoea (Upadans), ordinaqr fever, measles, urticaria, itching, asthma, erysipelas (visarp). Jeerakadyarlshta: Ingredients: White cumin seed, old gud, Dhatakipushpa, dried ginger, nutmeg fiaipal), Nagermotha, cinnamon, small cardamoms, Tejpatra, Nagkesar, ajwain, cloves. Useful in dyspepsia, sprue, chronic diarrhoea, dysentery (sangrahani), Soothikarog (diseases after delivery), cough, asthma, consumption. Ttris is a best tonic for women after delivery. It is a galactagogue. It purifies and increases the milk in nursing mothers. Ilhadtrartshta: Ingredients are Khadir bark, Devadharu, triphala, Dharuhaldi, Bhaguchi, honey, sugar, Dhatakipushpa, Seetalcheeni, cloves, small cardamoms, nutmeg, cinnamon, Nagkesar, black pepper, Tejpatra. Useful in leucoderma, leprosy, impurities of blood, diseases of skin, anaemia, heart diseases, cough, boils, plchodar, jaundice, gulma of women. KutaJarishta: Ingredients are Kutaja bark, Munakka, madhuka pushpa, Gambari bark, old gud, Dhatakipushpa. Properties: Astringent, stimulant and anti-periodic. Useful in chronic diarrhoea, sprue, dysentery and long continued fevers and bleeding piles' Karpoorarlshta: Ingredients are camphor, small cardamoms, Nagermotha, dried glnger (soont), Ajwain, black pepper, rectified spirit, Dhatakipushpa, sugar' Useful in cholera, vomiting, indigestion, diarrhoea, stomach Pain, intestinal colic, flatulence or wind in tlle bowels. In cholera this works marvellously if it is given once in 2 or 3 hours till purging stops. It is used as a local application in toothache' Mustakarishta: Ingredients are Nagermotha, Dhatakipushpa, Ajwain, sont, black pepper, cloves, methi seeds, Chitrak, Jeera white, old gud. This is a general tonic for children. Usefirl in dyspepsia, AYURVEDIC PREPARATIONS EXPLAINED 169 agnimandha, vomiting, dysentery, diarrhoea. It is a Deepan (increases the digestive fire), Pachan (digestive). Parpatadyarishta: Ingredients are parpat, Dhatakipushpa, Giloy, Nagermotha, Dharuhaldi, Devadaru, damasa, chav5za, chitrakmool, Trikatu, Vidang, old Gud, Bhadi katteri. Useful in bilious fever, jaundice, bilious complaints, panduroga, Kamala, complaints of liver and spleen, abdominal disorder. It increases Jatharagni (Agni deepak). Ptppali Arishta: Ingredients are pippali, black pepper (kali mirch), charSra, Haridra, Chitrak, Nagermotha, vaividang, supari (arecanut), Lodhra, Patha, Amla, Khus, powder of white sandal, cloves, Kusht, Tagar, Jatamansi, cinnamon, small cardamoms, Tejpatra, Nagkesar, Priyanku, Dhatakipushpa, Draksha (big grapes), old gud. This is a stimulant, Deepan (increases the digestive fire) and Pachan (digestive). It puts the three Doshas in a state of equilibrium (Tridosha prashamaka). It is usefut in dysentery, consumption, anaemia, diseases of stomach, flatulence, dyspepsia, vomiting, anorexia (loss of appetite), piles, cough, Asthma. Rraarnavarlshta: Ingredients are Punarnava, sont, Mirch, pippali, Harad, Baheda, Amla, Dharu haldi, Gokum, Vasaka, Kutki, Gqiapippali, Neem bark, Giloy, Damasa, Pattolapatra, Dhatakipushpa, Munakka, sugar, honey. Useful in liver and spleen complaints, general debility, dropsy of hands, feet and body, blood-pressure (raktachap), diseases of heart (hridaya rog), fistula (bagandara), piles, asthma, leprosy, dysentery, itching of body, diseases of stomach, flatulence, constipation, hiccup, fever, Amla pitta. It increases vitality and Veerya (semen). It bestows longevity. It regulates the function of the kidney (Vrikkasanshodhak). Rohita kadyarishta: Ingredients are Rohit bark, Dhatakipushpa, panchakola, Trijatak, Triphala, old gud. t70 PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA Useful in old fever ffeerna jwara), disorders of spleen and liver, piles, jaundice (Kaurala), indigestion, dysentery (sangrahani), abdominal troubles (udaravk"t), Sothrog (swelling of body, sohai), leProsY. Saribadyarishta: Chief ingredients: white and black Sariba, Nagermotha (cyperus rotundous), balka chal, pipalkachal, Amla, Giloy, Khas, red and white sandal, e3*ain, Kutki, small cardamom, Tejpatra fleaf of cirrnamorr), big cardamoms, Hareetaki, Dhatakipushpa, old gud. This is a blood purifier. This is useful in liver co*pt"ittt", Prameha (spermatorrhoea), itching (scabies), skin diseases, destroys poison, urinary complaints, scrofula (kandamala), constipation and debility, Raktapradar (red metarrhagia in women). Saraswatarishta: Ingredients are Brahmi, Satavari kand, Harad, Khus, fresh ginger (adrak), sont (dried ginger), Dhatakipushpa, Sambalu seeds, nishoth, pipprfi, cloves (lavang), Bacha, Kusht, Aswagandha, Baheda, Giloy, small cardamoms, vaividang, cinnamon, gold leaf, honey, sugar' This is Veeryavardhak' So it is useful in sexual debility, seminal weakness. It is useful in general debility. This is a tonic for brain. This is benifrcial in fainting, convulsions, nervous debility. This is useful in stammering, svarabhanga. It glves good memory (Smarana Sakti) and Dharana Sakti (Dhriti)' It is useful in menstrual disorders. Vidangarishta: lngredients are Vidanga, pippali mool, Rasha, Kutaja bark, Indrajau Patta, Elavaluk, Amla, honey, Dhatakipushpa, Trijatak, Priangu, Kachnar, Lodhra, Trikatu. Useful in abscess, fistula, scrofula (Kandamala), spermatorrhoea (prameha), worn, stone in the kidney (patri), urinary complaints, obesit5r, lockjaw (Mooka), locomotor ataxia. AYURVEDIC PREPARATIONS EXPLAINED t7t ASAVAS Dose: 1 oz (2/rtolas) twice daily afierfood. Dilute with /, ounce of uater. For children of six months quarter tea spoonful. For children of six Aears 2 teaspoonfuls. Aravindaaaava: Ingredients: White Kamal (lotus), Khus, Kesar, Neelotpal, Manjista, small cardamoms, Balamool, Jatamansi, Nagermotha, Krishna Sariba, Triphala, Bacha, Kachoor, Krishnanisroth, Patolpatra, Peetha Papada, Arjuna sal, liquorice, Mahuva flower, Mura, Munakka, Dhataki- pushpa, Sugar and honey. This is a tonic for children. This is useful for all diseases of children. This is beneficial in the vomiting of children, enlargement of spleen in children. This is Agnivardhak or Deepan for children. It increases the Jatharagni or digestive fire. This is useful in Raktapradhar (metarrhagra) of women. This is beneficial in the gonorrhoea of males. Ahiphenaasava: Ingredients: Opium, Nagermotha, Jaipal, Indrajau, big cardamoms, Mahuvasura. This is useful in acute diarrhoea and cholera, udarasoola (stomach pain, intestinal colic), vomiting, diarrhoea of children (Balatisara). It produces sleep. Chaadanaasava: Ingredients: Svetachandan, Netrabala, Nagermotha, Gualbari, Neelotpal, Priyanghir, Padmak, Lodhra, Mapit, Raktachandan, Patta, Chirayatha, Badkichal, Pippali, Kachoor, Pithapapda, Mulahati, Rasna, Patolpatra, Kachnarchal, Amkichal, Semalka . goand, Dhatakipushpa, Munakka, sugar, honey and old jaggery. This is useful in chronic gonorrhoea, gleet, sperrnatorrhoea, dysuria or difficulQr in passing urine and other urinaqr diseases, stone in tJe kidney (patri), heat in the body. It gives strength to the heart. Chavtka Asava: Ingredients are CharSra, Chitrak, Bacha, Hingupatri, Pushkarmoola, apusha, Kachoor, Patolmool, Triphala, Ajwain, Kutajbark, Indrayana, cough. Raktapittha vikar. Dalchini and Tejpatra. Dhatakipushpa. Devadaru. piles. dysmenorrhoea or difficulty in menstmation. phthisis. fistula. Vasaka jada. Drakshaasava: Chief ingredients are Draksha (Munakka). Raktasrava in women (bleeding after delivery). old fever fieerna jwara). Seetalcheeni. urinal troubles. Gudoochi. Marich. Pippali. Munakka. Dhatakipushpa.172 PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA Dania. dr5r cough. sudden fainting. Nagakesar. Jeyapal. abdominal complaints. Majit. consumption. honey. fever. Useful in asthma. Rasna. Tridosha prasa. Propetties: Stimulant. diseases of heart. hiccup. Vaividang. sugar. cough. diuretic and disphretic. lavang. honey. deepan and pachan. sleeplessness. dyspepsia. especially cardiac. alterative and bitter tonic. Maintains strength in acute diseases characterised by excessive debility. chronic wasting diseases such as Phthisis. asthma. loss of appetite. useful in constipation.a Asava: Ingredients are Dasamoola. nasal catarrh. sllgar. Chatur Jatak. Kathali. Dhatakipushpa. flatulence orwind in the bowels. Bharangi. Lavang and Seetalcheeni. Agnivardhak. Dhatakipushpa. Draksha. alcoholism. Taleesa patra. worns in the bowels. cold. phthisis. udara rog (diseases of stomach). Rrshkarmoola. This is stimulant. Properties: Expectorant. Dantimool. Nagermotha. pippali. It keeps the bile in a harmonious state (pittaprasamana). Sonth. Propetties: Deepan and Pachak. antip5rretic. It is useful in cough. Kanakaasava: Ingredients are Dhaturika panchang. stimulant. Lodhra. vomiting. sont. Amalaki. anorexia. hernia. It increases blood.mana. Dasamool. leprosy and pain in the kidney. Purana gud. . It is useful in anaemia. Lalchandan powder. Mulati. stimulant and laxative. Pippala. Katki. anaemia. flatulence. Useful in diseases of women. parswa soola (pain in the sides of trunk). Poha karmool. Nagarmotha. Indrajau. Nagkesar. agnimandya (loss of appetite). small cardamoms. This is an alterative. abdominal complaints. Ajwain. pachan. liver and spleen disorders. Pithapappada. Kharanj. Katha. sont. Pippali mool. vomiting. dyspepsia. Javitri. Lodhraasava: Ingredients: Patani Lodhra. Bharangi. Trayamana. Sampoorna Jeevaneeya Gana oushadi. Useful in Cholera. Tejpatra. pain in the teeth. Dhatakipushpa. laxative. Kutajbark. Chirayatha. indigestion. Suddha Loha Choorna. Bilvachal. piles and tympanitis. Kutajchal. udarasoola (stomach pain). Poha karmool. retention of urine. Mirch. It can be applied locally to teeth. black pepper. Asthma. Triphala. Marich. Propertles: Stimulant. (diseases of stomach). Karpuraasava: Ingredients: camphor. Patolpatra. leprosy. Kachoor. Majit. Sanoi. Atees Patta. choti ilachi. dyspepsia Lohaasava: Ingredients: Triphala. Nak. Lalchandan. Vidanga. Vidang. Red salt (senda nimak). Tejpatra. Neem bark. Triwit. alterative. small cardamoms. Madhoor Bhasma. pippali. Patta. Chitrak. Useful in Prameha (speirnatorrhoea. worrns. honey. Nagakesar. Haridra. Nagarmotha. Ajwain. It is an iron tonic for blood. Akarkara. Kusht. Bacha. Mahuva BUffi. Kutkee. Raktapittha. gud. diarrhoea. Conchroot. Giloy. cough. enlargement of liver and spleen. Raktapradhar. Haldi. colic pain. dysentery. Indrayana mool.AYURVEDIC PREPARATIONS EXPLAINED t73 Kumariasava: Ingredients: Ghrita Kumari. Charya. Priangu. rectified spirit. deepan. Kachur. Vidang. useful in anaemia. Raktavikar in children. piles. Dharu Haridra. cinnamon. Chikni supari. Javasa. Moorva. cough. Basa. Bawachi. veeryavikar). Indrajau. jaundice . tonic. Udar Rog. Nagarmotha. Chitrak mool. diabetes. Purana gud. dysentery. Damasa. consumption. sothanasak (removes swelling of the body). Vaividang. Friangu. pneumonia. Lalchandan. old or chronic fever. Useful in urinar5r . diseases of kidney. sugar and honey. Nimichal. Netravala. Harad. Dalcheeni. diarrhoea. Tejpatra. increase of Vata. Choti Ilachi. Rakta and Sveta chandan. Chitrak. Dalcheeni. Marich. Kachoor. Ingredients: Kasturi. Vasaka. sanai. Nadika Ksheernata. Jeyapal. Koot. Kshayaroga (T. It gives strengtli. Ajwain. hiccup. Hriday Asad (pain in the heart). Amla. Dhatakipushpa. Bibheetak (Baheda). worrns in the bowels (thread worms). Pippal. Amla. Mritasanjeevni sura or Rectified spirit. Purana gud. all kinds of fever. Jatamansi. Gokuru. Gaj apippali. Nagakesar. Bhada katteri.174 PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA (Kamla). Bhatki chal. dyspepsia and other stomach troubles. Useful in indigestion. Patta. Dhatakipushpa. Dharu Haldi. malaria. It is a tonic for women after delivery. sagar. Pippaliadyeasva: Ingredients: Pippali. Mriganadaasava: Dose: 10-30 drops with one ounce of water. chota katteri. Munakka. Rakta Sodhak (purifier of blood). dysentery. Dhatakipushpa. Kutki. dropsy fialodhara). Khus. Badi llachee. diseases of spleen and liver. Patha. amlapitta. Svetachandan. Nagarmotha. Damasa. Punarnava. Khus. Patolpatra. This is a general tonic for all. Chavya.B). lavang. Giloy. Propetties: Pittaprasamana (equalises the pitta). Pippalki chal. dropsy. Giloy. Useful in cholera. Marich. Marich. Pippali. typhoid fever. Sukhi Mooli. diseases of spleen and liver. Lodhra. Lodhra. hrnarnavaasava: Ingredients: Sonth. Irendramool. Nagermotha. Harad. Haridra. Madhu. Munakka. Gulmarog. Sharibadyaasava: Ingredients are Sveta-Krishna anantamool. Tejpatra. Choti [achi. Munakka. Pandurog (anaemia). piles. It is deepan and pachan. Kutake. Useful in enlargement of spleen and liver. lavang. padmak. old gud. Amla. Useful in cough. Neelotpal. dysuria (or diffi culty in passing urine). Patta. Munakka. Pippali. tonic. choti ilachi. AVALEIIAS (Confectionsf Oose:. diuretic. Lal Kamal (red lotus). Tejpatra. Damasa. bronchitis. eruptions. Raktapitta. gud. boils. relieves retention of urine. Milk should always be taken after taking Avaleha. anaemia.y"to 1 tola (one teaspoonful) to be taken tnrice a day with milk.rrana gud. jaundice. urinar5r disorders. sweet pumpkin. increases appetite (deepan). Kachoor. Dhatakipushpa. Nagkesar. chronic diarrhoea. bark.AYURVEDIC PREPARATIONS EXPLAINED t75 complaints. sour things. Properties: Alterative. Sugandwala. tamarind. leprosy. kachalu or Arabi or Seppan Kilangu. s5rphilis. sont. Pr. Kachnarkichal. Patolpatra. dropsy. Jammukichal. Moochras. destroys poison. Prameha or spermatorrhoea. s5philis. skin diseases. blood spitting (Raktapittha). gonorrhoea. black gram. potato should not be taken. astringent. itching. Majit. Dhatakipushpa. asthma. Priangu. phthisis and other chest affections. Ushlrasava: Ingredients are: Khus. mustard. . Gambhmari. Pitta samak (equalising of pitta). leprosy. Netrabala. seed. Propetties: Expectorant and antispasmodic. intestinal and pulmonary heamorrhages. Vasakaasava: Ingredients: Vasaka Panchang (root. Useful in bleeding piles. haemorrage. all diseases of lungs. hrrifies the blood. Padmak. liaf). sugar and honey. worrns. Bhadkichal. fistula. Goolarkichal.odhra. Oil. Chirayatha. Sitalcheeni. Marich. Pitha Pappada. Sweta Kamal. l. flower. gonorrhea. too much salt. Mootra krischra (dysuria or diffrculty in passing urine). srotanasak. Dalchini. dysentery. It is Raktapravardhak. Ksheera Kakoli. honey. epilepsy. Banslochan. Kakoli. Properties: Nutritive. nervous debility. spermatorrhoea. Properties: Alterative and nutritive. hoarseness of voice. pippali. Sataparni. Dasamoola: Bilwa. senile debility or debility on account of old age. Ashtavarga: Jeevak. Pippali. Dalcheeni. vitality. Yava. Gokuru are the five small mools. Ashtavarga. strengthens the constitution. Riddhi. Chyavanaprash: This was prepared by Chyavan Maharshi and was used by him. piles. Mahameda. talispatra. Syanak. Padal. Jeevanti. M eda. Agastya Hareetakl Avaleha: This was prepared by Agastya Rishi. Dasamoola. dhatudourbalya (semen becomes watery). cough. constipation. general debility. cow's ghee. Banslochan. Vriddhi. It purifies blood. Hareetaki. cow's ghee. spermatorrhoea (suklanasha). Kantakarika. Kachur. sugar. gives longevity. sugar. honey. It is the best nervine and brain tonic.176 PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA Aswagandhadi Lehyqr'r: Chief ingredients are Aswagandha. debility of old age. He lived for 1500'years. general debility. cow's ghee. tonic. good memory. Useful in sexual debiliSr. Chief ingredients: Amalaka. anaemia. phthisis. It gives enerry to the heart. general debility. dalcheeni. Very useful as a nutritive in phthisis. Chitraka. Plashtaparni. longevity. brain power. Rishabhak. hiccup. honey. Vartaki. constipation. Gambhari are five big mools. increases blood. . Dasamoola. Pippali. Gokaru. Hence the name. Pohakarmool. Chief ingredients are Hari. Useful in cough. gives vigour. Banslochan. all kinds of debility. It is Ayuruardhak. Ghanakarika or Arini. asthma. Choti Ilachi. Haemophysis. Maha Bilwadi Lehyam: Chief ingredients: Bilwa. cow's ghee. cools the brain. Take goat's milk. cough. chronic diarrhoea and dysentery. nervous system and the eyes. Trikatu. Chitraka. pachak. Baelgiri. jaundice. spermatorrhoea. giddiness. distaste for food. sug€rr candy. honey. consumption. Trikatu. Banslochan. antiperiodic. pippali. anaemia. sont. consumption. asthma. Vasatavdeha: Chief ingredients: Fresh Vasaka panchang. melaena. Kooshmandavaleha: Chief ingredients: fresh Kooshmanda. constipation. Propetties: astringent. vigour). nutritive. hematemesis. Propetties: Expectorant (kaphanasak). cow's ghee. chronic dyspepsia. Vatanasak (destroys wind). gtves enerS/ to lungs.AYURVEDIC PREPARATIONS EXPI. buttermilk. intestinal weakness. It is a tonic for old people and children. purifies the blood. diuretic and aperient.AINED 177 Kantakar5za Avaleha: Chief ingredients: Kantakari (Katteri). Bhallataka. Useful in all kinds of piles. diabetes. sugarcandy. shringi. It is also useful as a diuretic in dysuria and dropsy. tejpatra. Trikatu. pippali. vomiting. Deepak. fever. gives strength to lungs and heart. Banslochan Useful in indigestion. . dhatupushti. Raktapravardhak (increases blood). marich. Useful in cough. Fropetties: Shakti vardhak (promotes enerry. Vaividanga. gives Dehapushti. Chitraka. gastric troubles. Dalchini. dysentery. veerya vardhak. Bharinghi. Kutajavaleha: Chief ingredients are: Kutaj bark. Ilachi. honey. Rasanjan. Chitraka. Rasna. parsvasool. Triphala. honey. honey. Useful in Asthma. Nagermotha. excessive thirst. cow's ghee. cow's ghee. old gud. jeera. sugarcandy. Amlapitta. bronchitis. chronic diarrhoea. Baelgiri. hiccup and other chest diseases. Mahameda. loss of appetite. Riddhi. Dose: /o to 1 tola to be taken twice a day with sugarcandy. Mahameda. It is a sexual tonic. It is useful in phthisis. It is beneficial in aphonia or loss of speech and hoarseness of voice. Vriddhi). Aswagandha. Riddhi. A Brain tonic useful in Hysteria. Brahmi Svarasa (essence of fresh Brahmi leaves). It increases memory (Medha and Buddhi vardhak). phthisis and otfier chest alfections.r. Hasmopt5rsis (Rakta Pitta). cough. gives strengtJr to the lungs. Kakoli. GHRITAS Ashoka Ghrita: Chief ingredients: Cow's ghee. Vriddhi. Epilepsy. Meda. cow's ghee. It is useful in timira or night blindness (nictolopia). Masparani. Jeevak. Brihat Aswagandha Ghrita: Ingredients: Cow's ghee. Meda. It is taken with milk or sugarcandy twice daily. menorrhagia. It must be prepared fresh. astringent. alopecia or baldness. A general tonic and alterative for women. Ksheera Kakoli. Ashtavarga (Jeevaka. Rishabhak. leucorrhoea. Useful in asthma. goat's milk. Mirighi). Ksheera Kakoli. Brahmi Ghrita: Chief ingredients are Brahmi. loss of memory. antispasmodic. Kakoli. Chavya.178 PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA Propetties: expectorant (Kaphanasak). metritis. sont. malaria. sterility. Useful in amenorrhoea. bronchitis. Rheumatisrn. Rishabhak. Marich. g.r"1 debility. . Ashoka chhal. alterative. Jeevanthi etc. especially those attended with haemmorrhages. fever. Mudgaparni.. on an empty stomach in the morning and evening. Bacha. epilepsy (Apasmara. cough. . It is a st5ptic. badi khaterka Svarasa. Useful in ophthalmia. conjunctivitis and other eye diseases. Trichiasis. Neela tutha. escharotic. Amaltas. majit. jaundice. Badri quath. alterative. vasaka Svarasa. purifies the blood. Patol patra. Atees. Gaja pippali. red and white chandan. stomach pain. Rasa of chota Katteri. pippali. Deepak. Katuke. Bhangra Svarasa. grloy. Pachak. haldhi. wounds. It increases the digestive fire (Agnivardhak. Kantakari Ghrita: Ingredients: Cow's ghee (Goghrita). Useful in fever. Visarpa. Yavakshar. wax. itching. Katuki. local stimulant. Satavari Svarasa. Dharu haldhi. Draksha. gives strength to tJ e intestine. Triphala. Mahatikta Ghrita: Chief ingredients are Cow's ghee. ananta mool. sluggish ulcers. sont. amla pitta. Changeri Svarasa (juice). Triphala quath. Bhasaka. goat's milk. fever. fistula. It is intestinal tonic. Neempatra. night blindness. Amla Svarasa. appetizer and digestive. lachrymal fistula. Giloy Svarasa. Mulhati. heart diseases. cow's ghee. chaneres. deepak). Jatyadi Ghrita: Chief ingredients: Jatipatra. It is specially useful in prolapsed anus (Guda bhramsa). . Bitter tonic. etc. goat's milk. boils. scrofula. Useful in leprosy. Useful in cough and asthma. to be used with decoction ofVasaka. sour curd. Mahatrtphala Ghrita: lngredients: Cow's ghee. Ksheera Kakoli. Dharu haldi. Khus. Vasaka Svarasa. It cleanses the lower bowels. Gaja pippali.AYURVEDIC PREPARATIONS EXPLAINED t79 Changeri Ghrita: Chief ingredients are cow's ghee. This is useful in chronic ulcers. Marich. alterative. bharanghika Svarasa. This is for external use only. Chirayata. bleeding piles. pippali mool. neem chhal. Chiefly benelicial in the asthma and cough of children. Metal and metallic compounds are reduced to powder. Oil. decoction of a pulse called Kulattha (Dolichos uniflorus. Vacha. or buttermilk. Drishti prasarak. Useful in uterinb disorders. anaemia.. Bacha. Vansalochana. sour conjee. cow's urine. buttermilk. . Metals and metallic compounds are subjected to a process of purification to free them of their impurities. ristelity and prolapsed uterus.180 PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA Digestive. cow's ghee.. by soaking plates of heated metals in the juice of plantain tree. stimulant. It is practically reduced to powder either in the metallic state or after conversion into an oxide or sulphide. each seven times. appetizcr (Pachak). whey. Vaividang. Haridra. lavang. sugar. Rasna. Nisoth. Kushta. Phala Ghrita: Chief ingredients are Triphala. tamarind water. spermatorrhoea (prameha). the destruction of their metallic character. Kustha. Saraswati Ghrita: Ingredients: Haree Brahmi Svarasa. oil. increases the power of vision.e. pippali. BIIASMAS Bhasma is an oxidised or reduced metal mineral or jewel. horse gram). Bitter tonic. piles. Dharuhaldi. deepak. brain tonic. Otherwise they are likely to induce certain diseases or morbid s5rmptoms.. The metals are purified by heating the respective plates again and again. cough. The operation is called Marana. Kutaki. The thing is heated in a hot iron vessel and dipped in the oil etc. saindhava. Useful in aphonia and hoarseness of voice. They are then plunged in tlre following liquids viz. Amla. Sariva. leprosy. should be fresh for each time. There is yet another method of puriffing these metals i. there must be no smoke or smell. pearl. It must be very. Then it is kept in a mud pot and covered with an earthen lid. It can be taken safely. The pot is dried in the sun for a day. Then it is dried in the sun. the size of a rupee. Afterwards it is made into tablets. This is filled with dried balls of cowdung. There must be no shining when it is exposed to the sun after rubbing it on finger. Pieces of cloth dipped in Multani mitti. Ordinary Bhasmas like coral. 3. 500 times (Pancha Sataputi) and 1000 times (Sahasraputi). are covered over the pot. Test of a Rrre Bhasma 1. 5. This is burnt eleven times. 4. When it is put in fire. very light. Abhrak is burnt 100 times (Sataputi). After purification it is burnt. conch are burnt eleven times. When the Bhasma is put in water. It is rubbed in a mortar vrith the juice of Ghrit Kumari for 3 days and rose water for 3 days and Arkadhooth for 3 days and cow's milk for three days. . It is made one and a quarter cubits in depth length and breadth. Then it is properly burnt.AYURVEDIC PREPARATIONS EXPLAINED 181 The furnace for heating metals is usually a pit in the ground called Gajaputa. which are then set fire to and allowed to burn till consumed to ashes. Then it is put in Gajaput and burnt for 24 hours. The apparatus employed in preparing these chemical compounds consisted of crucibles of different sorts. it must float. The metals or metallic compounds to be roasted are enclosed in a covered crucible and placed in the centre of the pit within the balls of cowdung. Sukti. Then it is taken out and rubbed again. 2. glass botfles and earthen pots etc. It must be tasteless when applied to the tongue. It is useful in phthisis. spermatorrhoea. promotes vigour. Surya and Chandra puti. leucorrhoea. Cord (Pravaal Bhasma): There are three kinds of preparations Agni. It checks haemorrhage. mustard. Bhasma should not be given to children below 6. coryza. cream. asthma. black gr€rm. haemophtysis. thickens tl:e watery semen. urina4l disorders. bronchitis. diabetes. asthma. red chillies. tamarind. It gives strength to the heart and lungs. menorrhagra. piles. diabetes.rl in seminal impurities. nocturnal emission. debility of old age. Krishna Abhrak. It is Deepak (appetizer) and Pachak (digestive). cough. Usefi. palpitation of the heart. Oil. chronic fever. dhanurvata (tetanus). Haematatemes. spermatorrhoea. Take this with honey or butter or ghee. general debility. hard breathirrg. blood pressure. Drink half a seer of milk afterwards. cures leprosy. sulphur. It produces longevity (Ayurvardhak). sour things. a grain. It is useful in cough. Pancha Sataputi. Most popular remedy in sexual debility for Dhatu vriddhi. should be avoided. bhang. stricture urethra. Useful in phthisis. gud faggery). It is usually grven witlr honey. It cures old fever. Bhaaga Bhasma (black): tt is very diflicult to prepare this Bhasma. consumption.t82 PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA Hotr to administer? Dose: Adults I to 2 grains. Chandrodaya: It contains mercury. nervous debility. . Agnipradeepak (increases the digestive fire). asthma. ghee on an empty stomach in the early morning and evening. MutraAgad. leucorrhoea. asthma. Children from 6 to 12 years: /. Sahasraputi. butter. Mutra Krichra. Increases semen and power of retention. Gives strength to the body. Abhrat Bhasma (Mica): Sataputi. It increases the lustre in tJre eyes. rickets. It is useful in anaemia. cough. headache. general debility. It is given to pregnant women as it supplies vitamin A. increases red blood cells' Mukta Bhasma: It is a Veerya Vardhak' Gives strength to the heart. blood pressure (Raktachap)' It gives longevit5r. asthma. It is useful in . It is useful in It is prasamak)' (pitta leucorrhoea. heart diseases. blood impurity. sexual debility. sulphur. haemoptysis (Rakta pitta). Mandoor Bhasma: Useful in anaemia. phthisis. Shakti vardhak (increases strength and vitality). liver and spleen complaints. Mutra Agad. haemorrhage. It strengthens memory. heart's affections. malarial fever. It is useful in urinary diseases such as Mutrakrischra. \ MakaradhwaJa: It is Khoopipakwa rasayana' It is prepared in a glass bottle. Leprosy. It is a wonderful tonic. 1OO times (Sataputi) and 200 times.AYURVEDIC PREPARATIONS EXPLAINED 183 Godantl Hartal Bhasma: Useful in bilious fever. It is burnt 5O times. increases the digestive fire' It is useful in gonorrhoea. hysteria. lungs and the entire constitution. Usefi'rl in all kinds of debility' It gives vigour. haemorrhage. rheumatism' It is Deepak and Pachak. dry cough. jaundice. leucorrhoea. It promotes digestion. chlorosis. nervousness. vitality. jaundice. menorrhagia. scrofula. It equalises the bile Agnipradeepak. chronic fever. Louha Bhasma (Iron): It gives longevity. It improves blood. . liver and spleen complaints. mercury. seminal diseases. sexual debility. a special variety' It contains gold. visarpa. indigestion. Piles' It is a blood purifier. consumption. It is useful in palpitation of heart (Hridaya prakampan). bright'" disease.lt kit d" of debility. and gives lustre to the eyes. enerry to heart. general debility. pearl. chlorosis. liver complaints. old fever. R^qfata Bhasma (silver. chronic fever. intestines. impotenry. t5rmpanitis. Shringa Bhasma (stag's horn): Useful in pneumonia. brain and keeps them in fit condition. diabetes.It promotes memory and intellect. parsva soo[. anaemia. consumption. asthma. cough. hysteria. consumption. increases sexual vigour. general debility. acidity. Rasaslndhu: This is also a Koopipakwa rasayana prepared in a special bottle. nervous diseases. lustre of the eyes. It is useful in seminal diseases. It is a pittaprasantak. mercury. . Sankha Bhasma (conch shell): Useful in diseases of the stomach. asthma. It is pachak (digestive) and Deepak (increases the digestive fire). asthma. abdominal and pelvic tumours. chest pain. Svarna Bhasma (go1d): Useful in phthisis. lungs. It is a tonic. Useful in sexual and general debility. It increases the blood (Raktavardhak). leucorrhoea (svetapradar). spermatorrhoea. epilepsy. flatulence. It gives strength to heart. It is a Veeryavardhak. It purifies the blood. colic. bleeding piles. consumption. hectic fever.184 PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA It is Veerya vardhak and so is useful in impotency. It is useful in palpitation of heart. constipation. keeps the bile in a normal condition. It is a blood purifier. old fevers. general debility. It is useful for women after delivery. anaemia. bronchitis. Srarnaaahshtka (grite-Yellow) : Usefu I in spermatorrhoea. chorea. blood pressure. itching. . It contains sulphur. increases the digestive fire. asthma. loose stools. Roupya): It is Agnipradeepak. hemiplegia. It has the qualities of Swarna Bhasma. It strengthens memory. Veerya vardhak. increases sexual vigour. It is beneficial in enlargement of spleen. Pachak.) twice or thrice daily. flatulence or wind in the bowels. dysentery. emaciation of children. This should be taken witll buttermilk.AYURVEDIC PREPARATIONS EXPLAINED r85 Tamra Bhasma (copper): Useful in leprosy. Useful in diarrhoea. Moochras. water. anaemia. CHOORITA /rtola 124 to 48 grs. Usually the powders are taken with milk. piles. bronchitis. Gives Dhatupushti. spermatorrhoea. Aswagandha Chooraa: Ingredients are Aswagandha. alterative. all seminal impurities. honey. carminative. blood purilier. Dose: %to ghee. Chief ingredients are Saindhava. enlargement of spleen. diseases of stomach. Wherever the Anupan or vehicle is ghee or honey with milk. nervous diseases. zinc. Kala nimak. Amla vetasa. cough. liver trouble. sherbet or sugar. Pippalamool. loss of appetite. consumption. Dhatakipushpa. all kinds of stomach diseases. Gastric. stimulant. Deepak. constipation. Pippdi. nausea. Sonth. Tonic. Ajmodadi Choorna: The ingredients are Ajmoda. impotenry. Bhaskar Lavaa Chooraa: Lord Surya gave this recipe to Aswin Kumars. This can be taken before or with food or after food. blood impurities. Useful in sexual and general debility. It should be taken with milk. Anardana. Useful in indigestion. [t prevents the hairs from becoming grey. IHbhanga Bhasma (lead. . asthma. strengthens memory. fistula. bowel complaint. old age. colic. Trikatu. sterilit5l. Dhania. diarrhoea. Bhidara or Vriddhdarak. Vida. seesha): Useful in gonorrhoea. the celestial physicians. Souvarchala. all female diseases pertaining to the irregularity of menses. the powder should be first mixed with ghee or honey and milk to be taken afterwards. piles (to be taken with butter milk). It is useful in influenza. Marich. dyspepsia. Trapusha. Very useful in dysuria (mutra krischra). Useful in chronic diarrhoea. (In Tamil Induppu. Kala Jeera. Nagakesar. stomach pain. anorexia. Sambar (Souvarchala).186 PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA Chitrakadi Choorna: Ingredients are Chitrak root. Cloves. It is taken with honey. Nagarmotha. Kalluppu. Pachak. In acute gonorrhoea it makes the urine alkaline and non-irritating. Pippali. Pitha prasamak (Keeps bile in normal condition). tympanitis. Nagermotha. Kariuppu. Pippala mool. Agnivardhak (increases digestive fire). Diuretic. Sonth. Hinguashtak Choorna: Ingredients are Sonth. Very useful in loss of appetite. Ajwain. Kakkad Singi. indigestion. dyspepsia. Vida. Deepak. Useful in cough. It stops vomiting. carminative. White Chandan. Bheemseni Kapur. It can be taken before food. It is mixed with honey and then taken. Pachak. incontinence of urine. mutra samsodhak (purifies urine). rheumatism. Saindhava nimak. Dalcheeni. flatulence. asthma. Tridosha prasamak. Kala nimak. colic. Hingu. all stomach diseases. Saindhava nimak (red salt). Hingu must be fried. Gastric stimulant. gulma (stomach ache) Eladi Choorna: Ingredients are small Cardamom seeds.. with food and after food. Trikatu. Kachur. Pachak. Samudra. Pokkarmool. Pippali. Hing (asafoetida fried). phthisis. Chavya. Sveta Jeera. All these are powdered and pounded in the mortar along with big lemon juice and then dried in the sun. constipation. Valayaluppu). the five salts viz. bronchitis. Mutra Agad (pain in passing urine). vomiting. Katphaladi Choorna: Ingredients are Katphal. Pippali. Lavangadi Choorna: Chief ingredients are Lavanga (cloves). Deepak. Paraiuppu. Kaphanasak (destroyer of phlegm). . demulcent. Chota Ilachi. Deepak. Banslochan. Talispatra. Useful in indigestion. Nagarmotha. sugarcandy. vomiting. sakti vardhak. Nagarmotha. fever due to cold. dysentery. Useful in anorexia. whooping cough. stomatitis. Pachak. Pachak. Agni vardhak. anti spasmodic. Svet Jeera. Sonth. piles. leprosy. expectorant (Kaphanasak). Pohakar mool. fever. constipation. Dhatu vardhak. Pippali. Jatamansi. Maha l(handava Choorna: Ingredients are Marich. five salts. Danti. Trikatu. hiccup. mandagni . Gives strength to the heart. flatulence. 187 Pippali. Useful in piles with butter milk. Sonth. Vana T\rlasi. dysentery Navayas Choorna: Ingredients are Chitrak jada. Triphala. diarrhoea.AYLIRVEDIC PREPARATIONS EXPLAINED Jeyaphal (Jatiphal). Svedhak (diaphoretic). Trikatu. Narayana Chooraa: Ingredients are Chitrak root. Vaividang. carminative. To be taken with warm water when required as purgative. cough. worrns. Agni Vardhak. anaemia. sugar. Useful in fistula. Triphala. Dastavar (rechak). five salts. Pippda mool. acid eructation from stomach. diarrhoea. spermatorrhoea. Suruchikar (grves taste to the food). Kankola. dysentery. Tridosha prasamak. piles. Dalcheeni. Usefut in heart disease with honey. aruchi nasak. Agni pravardhak. cholera. flatulence. diarrhoea. Bacha. leprosy. Rakta pravardhak. Nagakesar. cough. Useful in wasp sting with ghee. Vaividang. Mutra Agad. consumption. Pippalamool. Kantha samsodhak (cleanses the throat and vocal cords). Useful in cold. hridaya rog (heart diseases). lumbago. asthma. Useful in fistula. stomach Pain. sedative. Snehak (makes the body shine). urinary diseases like Mutra krischra. Krimi Nasak. Loha Bhasma. Saktivardhak. Sugandawala. diseases of stomach. Deepak. diaphoretic. asthma. Atees. Vata prasamak. stones in the kidney. antilithic. Ilachi. diuretic. Hingu (fried). 2: Ingredients are Sonth. Patha. Pittahari (destroys bile). stimulant. Indrajava. five salts. Chitrak root.188 PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA (indigestion). Useful in chronic dia. Amkigiri. Atees. Javakshara. Useful in cough. Sakti pravardhak (gives strength and enerry). Hingu (fried). bilious fever. Alterative. dyspepsia. asthma. Bari Katteri. Sitophaladi Choorna: Chief ingredients are Sugarcandy. Suruchikar (that which gives good taste). sprue. Gheru. . hridaya rog (heart diseases). Anardana. phthisis. Jamun beej. Deepak. Pushyan"ga Choorna: Chief ingredients are Patha. phthisis. diuretic. Alterative. influenza. Ananta mool. Ananta mool (Sariva). Pachak. Chitrak jada. Pashana bhed. Banslochan. Red Sandal. mandagni nasak (destroyer of indigestion). Dhataki pushpa. Rasanjan. Nagarmotha. To be taken with honey or butter milk. anaemia. antacid. Rajodosha (menstrual troubles). Sontbyadi Chooraa No 1: Ingredients are Sonth. Useful in cough and asthma. Pippdyadi Choorna: Chief ingredients are Pippali. astringent. Dalcheeni. bronchitis. To be taken three times a day with honey before food. Lodhra. Nagarmotha. chest diseases. It is taken witJ: buttermilk or hot water. Kala nimak. worms. tonic.rrhoea and chronic dysentery. Indrajava. Useful in leucorrhoea. Sonthyadi Choorna No. Arjun chal. pneumonia. Amlavet. lumbago in females. Trikatu. Pippali. excessive thirst (daha santi). Jwaranasak (destroys fever). To be taken twice daily with rice water obtained from boiled rice or raw rice water with honey. burning of the feet. tonic. Kachoor. menorrhegia (raktapradhar). All these drugs are collected in Pushya Star. Chhoti Katteri. Kutaj. Expectorant (Kapha nasak). all female complaints. blood-purifier. Kachar. alterative. Jwara nasak. Rakta sodhak. Deepak. colic. Iktphal. Harad. Mutra krichra. Useful . Banslochan. blood purifier (Rakta sodhak). chest diseases. To be taken before meals thrice with honey or Brahmi or Anar Sherbet. chest pain. expectorant (Kapha prasamak). Mutra Agad. malaria. parsva sool. Swasa-Kasa nasak (destroyer of cough). dysentery. Triphala. laxative. Trikatu. Useful in fevers. Jaundice. nausea. Useful in dyspepsia. chronic diarrhoea. Bitter tonic. It should be taken twice daily before meals with honey or hot water or cow's ghee. Bhatkichal. cough. spermatorrhoea. Kapha prasamak. Da1chini. morning and evening. Sudarshana Chooraa: Chief ingredients are Kirata and 52 bitter tonics.AYURVEDIC PREPARATIONS EXPLAINED r89 Useful in dysentery and diarrhoea. to be taken with hot water. sugar. vomiting. asthma. fever. Amla Chavya. anorexia or loss of appetite. Mutra samsodhak. itch. Pitta-Kapha prasamak. Ilachi. lumbago. skin diseases. Bibhitaki (Baheda) and Amlaki Alterative. dyspepsia. Pithapapada. Tdisadt Choorna: Chief ingredients are Talispatra. Khus. Trikatu Choorna: Ingredients are Sonth. parsva sool. cough. gonorrhoea. Useful in anorexia (distaste for food). Marich. Pachak. typhoid fever (Sannipata Jwara). purgative (Rechak). Rakta shodak. dyspepsia. colic. Pippali. enlargement of spleen. bilious fever (Pitta Jwara). anaemia. Haldi. chronic cough. Triphala Choorna: Ingredients are Hareetaki. Choti and Bhada Katteri. hiccup. astringent. To be taken with hot water twice daily before food. Nagakesar. Banslochan. Pippali. Stimulant. Trikatu. Daru haldi. anaemia. Talispatra. Baheda. Useful in cold. Shoth (swe11ing of body). Guduchi. Deepak (increases digestive fire). stomach diseases. Tridosha prasamak. Satavarka Svaras. Amalaka. Gandawala. la4mgitis. gonorrhoea. Dalcheeni. rheumatism. Gokuru. catarrh. Triphala. Pachak. . Yastimadhu Choorna: Ingredients are Liquorice (Mulhati). Brihad Satavari Modak: Chief ingredients are Satavari.190 PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA in eye diseases for fomentation. Expectorant (Kapha prasamak). Svara samsodhak (improves the voice). Choti Ilachi. Amka gutli. internal haemorrhages. Harad. Vidari Kand. Useful in asthma. Sonth. One Modak to be taken with hot water or hot milk. Vriddha Gangadhar Choorna: Ingredients are Musta (Nagarmotha). wofins. pure Jamalgota (croton seeds or Danti Seeds). slightly laxative. Drastic. Bacha. purgative. Take with hot water or honey or sherbet. tonic. Banslochan. Triwik. . Dalchini. stomach pain. To be taken witll honey or sherbet. Pippali. Gives tone to tJ:e intestines. Trikatu. hoarseness ofvoice. Mochrasa. demulcent. Iodhra. Tejpatra. promotes appetite and increases digestive power. indigestion. Patha (patal). Useful in constipation. cough. Chitrak. old and weak persons and children. gout. sugar. Astringent (digestive). hridaya vikar (heart diseases). Amla. Bala. Kutaj twak. It is taken three times daily with whey or butter milk or raw rice water. Syonaka. ordinar5r diarrhoea. Dhatakipushpa. Vidari Kand Svaras. Krimi nasak. Kasturi. Dalchini. Ati-Bala. Not to be given to pregnant women. Baheda. Indrajava. Chief ingredients are Chitrak Jad. MODAK OR LADDU Abhayadi Modak: 48 grains. blood purifier. bronchitis. dropsy. Useful in chronic diarrhoea. Abhaya (Harad). spermatorrhoea. Deepak. sugar. vigour (Ojas). Pachak. Veeryapat (spermatorrhoea). elephantiasis of legs (sleepad). Marich. Jeera. Rati Vardhak (sexual excitement). sugarcandy. Daruhaldi. DeePak. Vidara seeds. dysentery. It should be taken with honey or milk. Maha Veerya Vardhak. Svarahit prada. Saktivardhak. Sonth. Vatapras amaka. impotency. It is taken with milk twice daily before food. sugar' Gives enerry. increases the milk in nursing mothers. Talispatra. anaemia. anaemia. Useful in spermatorrhoea. pure Kapoor (Bheemseni). hiccup. Raja Yakshma (consumption). Ilachi seeds. Guggulu. enlargement of spleen. Agnipradeepak. Useful in chronic fever. Nagakesar. Banslochan. indigestion. cow's milk. elephantiasis of [egs. piles. removes sterility in women. Stanya vardhak (lactagogue). Pippali. Jatamansi. consumption. Triphala. Usefu I in Bhasmak rog (excessive hunger). Pippali Modak: Ingredients are Honey. Madhu. Nagarmotha. dysentery. cow's ghee. Methi Modak: Chief Ingredients are Methi seeds. Agnipradeepak. Dalcheeni. asthma. Jeyaphal. It is Kapha. Useful in leprosy. Dalchini. Vata prasamak. Tejpat. cough. Pachak. poison in food. Dhania. Choti llachi. Jeyaphal. hoarseness of voice. . rheumatism. stone in the kidney. Buddhi Vardhak. Kalajeera. asthma. cow's ghee. cough. Mootragada. sugar. Ajwain.19r AYURVEDIC PREPARATIONS EXPLAINED Kismiss. pure Kapoor. Triphalamool. all kinds of piles. Triphala. Soth (swelling). Trikatu. It should be taken with milk twice dailY. Soth (swelling of body). Lavang. jaundice. Chitrak. Javitri. cough. A5rurvardhak. Brihat Sooran Modak: Chief ingredients are Jemi Kand (sooran). cough. It should be taken with milk frfteen minutes before food. Vata prasamak. Pippali. Vaividang. Nagakesar. Saindhava nimak. fissure in the tongue. Trikatu. PILIS Oil. Vaajeekarana (Ativeerya Vardhak). Triphala. Triphala. fever. Kantharog (throat pain). asttrma. It is taken with milk before food twice daily. Stambhak (retains the semen). chillies. Munakka. Useful in vomiting. Nagarmotha. Triphala Modak: Chief ingredients are Triphala. all kinds of spermatorrhoea. jaggery. Trikatu. Jatamansi. Dhania. Bavache. enlargement of spleen. Nisoth. Pachak. Ajamoda. sour things. sugar. Gajapippali. pumpkin. sugar. white Jeera. Chandraprabha Pill: (6 grains) Chief ingredients are Refined Kapoor (Bheemseni). Mandagni (indigestion). Bacha. Kapha Prasamak. Agnivardhak. Svabaghyaeoatl Modat: (48 grains) Chief ingredients are Trikatu. Talmakhana. cough. five salts.sool (heart pain). Marich. lumbago. Rakta prasodhak. tamarind. I(atphala. Gokuru. Vata. Useful in fistula. Pokkarmool. oil preparations. Pitta. leprosy. black gram. Deepak. Shilajit. mustard.'RVEDA Srt Kemeshwar ModaL: (48 grains) Chief ingredients are Aswagandha. Trikatu. Sonth. Kamagni Deepak (increases sexualvigour). Vidarikand. Dalchini. Lavang. rheumatism. headache. consllmption. Methikibeej. Parsvasool (side chest pain). Choti Ilachi.192 PRACTICE OF AYI. Chirayata. . Nagarmotha. Choti llachi. Satavari. Jeyaphal. Moosli. lataprasamak. Chitrak. Guduchi. pure Guggulu. Hridaya. Dalcheeni. Useful in impotency. One Modal( to be taken with milk. Jeyaphal. Tridosha prasamak. piles. too much sweets should be avoided when you take these pills. burning in the throat due to sour belching (Kanthadaha). Vaividang. sugarcandy. One pill twice daily with cold water or raw rice water before food. Alterative. pure Ballatak. Mutra Samsodhak. Pippal. Tridosha Prasamak. Dalchini. Useful in indigestion. enlargement of spleen. Rakta Samsodhak. sinus (Nasur Nadi Vrana). leprosy. leprosy. One pill twice daily before food. tonic. stomach diseases. cough. Sonth. Mutra agad. Mutra agad. cholera. tonic. vomiting and diarrhoea of children all stomach diseases of children. SanJeevani Vati: Chief ingredients are Vaividang. Marich. Highty beneficial in scrofula. leucorrhoea (Sveta Pratar). rheumatism. Nagarmotha. gonorrhoea.AYURVEDIC PREPARATIONS EXPLAINED 193 Shildit. typhoid fever. Tridosha Prasamak. Rakta Shodhak. Tejpatra. Pippali. Mutra krichra. Agni Vardhak. Tonic. itch. Useful in spermatorrhoea. Shakti Vardhak. diuretic. fistula. snake bite. Deepak. phosphaturin. rheumatism. Ilachi. pure Guggulu. bleeding piles. Sonth. lumbago. Kanchnar Guggulu: (6 grains) Chief ingredients are Kanchnar bark. Useful in fistula. Mutra Krichra (dysuria). Diuretic. asthma. Guduchi. pure Vatsanab. anaemia. Useful in spermatorrhoea. alterative. gonorrhoea. demulcent. stone in the kidney (patri). phosphaturia. pure Guggulu. albuminuria. Loha Bhasma. Triphala. Pachak. Varuna. Go Ghrita (cow's ghee). Tridosha Prasamak. Rakta Samsodhak. Mutra Samshodhak. Gokshuradi Guggulu: (6 grains) Chief ingredients are Gokuru. Guggulu. diaphoretic (Sveda Prada). chronic fever. Pachak. Deepak. Trikatu. 2 pills to be taken with hot water twice daily before food. ulcers (Vrana). One pill to be taken with milk twice daily morning and evening. . menstrual disorders. stone in the kidney. diseases of teeth. albuminuria. Triphala. Svarnamakshik Bhasma. Triphala. Trikatu. Shakti Pravardhak. spermatorrhoea. Take rice and buttermilk in diarrhoea. Kutaki. Marich. Rakta Samsodak. fistula. dysentery. Gaja Pippali. RASAS (Mercurid PreParations) Ananda Bhairava Rasa: Dose 2 to 4 grains (L to 2 Rattis) to be taken with honey or buttermilk or water.194 PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA In typhoid fever with ginger juice. Rakta Vata Prasamak. Useful in s5rrovitis. It is diaphoretic (Svedavardhak). all menstrual disorders. removes stomach pain. orjuice of KarpuraValliTriphala Guggulu: (6 grains) Chief ingredients are Triphala. Pippali. cough. rheumatism. tonic. bleeding piles. Vatsanabhi. Vaividang. Jeera. rheumatism. Ajmoda. dysentery. Chief Ingredients a. asthma. One pill twice daily before food with milk. leprosy. anod5me. Rakta Pravardhak. pure Guggulu. consumption' Reduces Vata. hemiplegia (ardit. dysentery. abscesses. Rakta Samsodhak. in snake bite with the juice of plantain root. wet dreams. Vacha. piles. Indrajav. in vomiting and diarrhoea of children with mother's milk or juice of mint. This is given in a pill form. Bharangni. indigestion. . epilepsy. It is useful in chronic diarrhoea. Patha. Alterative. Atees. in cholera with mint juice.re pure Hingul (Rasa Sindhura). lakua). PiPPali. carbuncles. Go Ghrita. tetanus. Sohaga (Tankan). pure Guggulu. One pill to be taken with milk twice daily before food' Yograj Guggulu: (6 grains) Chief ingredients are Triphala. sciatica. ulcer. Vata Prasamak. Mutra Samsodhak. orjuice ofAjwain. Kala Jeera. Hing (fried). Take this twice daily before food. Useful in fistula. Malaria. Take Ghritapakva rice in Malaria. sinus (Nadi Vrana). paraplegia. Punarnava Svarasa. This is taken with butter. Loha Bhasma. Dantimool choorna. milk. if you take six handfuls of water. you will have six motions. If you drink four handfuls of cold water you will get 4 motions. Pippali. This should not be given in feeble patients and inflammatory conditions of the stomach and intestines. chronic fever. worrns.AYURVEDIC PREPARATIONS EXPLAINED 195 Arshakuthara Rasa: This is given in a powder form. Lokaath Rasa: Dose: I to 2 Rattis (2 to 4 grains). Marich. It is a powerful purgative and Vataprasamak. Ichhabhedi Rasa: This is given in a powder form with water. It is useful in obstinate constipation. pure sulphur. dropsy. Yavakshara. Chief ingredients are pure Hingul. Danti bhij (pure Jamalgota). Sonth. It is alterative. Sohaga. Trikatu choorna. pure Kuchla. Take milk after taking medicine. Loha Bhasma. dysmenorrhoea. tonic. pure Sohaga. Chief ingredients are Rasa . pure sulphur. or honey. Raktaprasodhak. pure mercury. cough. asthma. or buttermilk. all conditions where a powerful purgative is needed. twice daily before food with honey and sugarcandy or Vasaka Svarasa or Durvarasa or Guduchika Rasa. spermatorrhoea. or pomegranate sherbet. Veerya Vardhak.laxative. Abhrak Bhasma. sexual debility. Bala pushtikar (gives strength and nutrition). Kalihari mool choorna. It is useful in consumption. This is specially prescribed in piles. Lakshmi Vilas Rasa: Dose: 4 grains (2 Rattis) with butter or honey or milk twice daily before food. It is Rativardhak. Ajwain Rasa. Sohaga. Motions stop if hot water is given. Dose 6 grains. Chief ingredients are pure Sourashtra mygritika. impotency. ginger Svarasa. tonic. Chitrakmool tvak choorna. Chief ingredients are purified mercury. Sat5ranasi root (Hemakshini mool). Peeluk choorna. Dose 4 Rattis to 6 Rattis (8 to 12 grains). Tamra Bhasma. dysentery. typhoid fever. Swarjikakshara. Jvarahara. gives strength to the heart (Hridaya ojas kar). Pachak. pure mercurY. pure Manashila. Chief ingredients are pure Harital. pure Manashila. Trikatu. malaria. Marich. It is Deepak. Tridosha prasamak. Svarabhanga (hoarseness of voice). dropsy. Sakti Vardhak. Balapushtikar. diseases of liver. Maha MrityunJaya Rasa: Dose: I to 2 Rattis 12 to 4 grains) with ginger juice or honey or T\rlasi juice or Guduchi juice before food twice daily. Abhrak Bhasma.t96 PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA Sindhur. Satyanasika jad. pure sulphur. Shankha Bhasma. It is useful in Rakta pitha. Viratika Bhasma. hiccup. anaemia. epilepsy. pure mercury. Yavakshara. pure sulphur. It is Seetaprada (cools the system). pure mercury. Jwarahara. pneumonia. Sheeshak Bhasma. sleeplessness. diarrhoea. indigestion (Mandagni). bleeding from nose. consumption. Shoth (swelling). It is useful in chronic fever. It is useful in fevers. It is useful in hiccup. wealooess due to fever. malaria. typhoid fever. Abhrak Bhasma. Adrak Svarasa. cough. vomiting. Pippali Svarasa. Maha Jivarankusha Rasa: Dose 4 grains to be taken in ginger juice or honey twice daily before food. general debility. Loha Bhasma. Chief ingredients are purified merculY. Tamra Bhasma. Vata Sleshmak Dosha prashamak. Loha Bhasma. Balapushtikara (gives strength and nutrition) and it is a nervine tonic also. jaundice. chronic fever. piles. . It is Tridosha Prasamak. rheumatism. Vatadhug. Svastiprada (gives good health). Pure Vatsanabh. pure Gandhak. asthma. Dhatura ka bij. Veerya Vardhak (aphrodisiac). Guduchi Svarasa. Sohaga. Chief ingredients are pure Vatsanabh. Manik5ra Rasa: Dose 1 to 2 Rattis {2 to 4 grains} with cow's ghee or butter twice daily before food. Agnivardhak. fever. Vanga Bhasma. asthma. Kapha-Vata prasamak. cough. Pachak. Tridosha Prasamak. Vacha. Balapushtikar. chronic dysentery. or butter. Panchamrit Parpati: Dose 2 to 4 Rattis (4 to g grains) twice daily with ghee. Jwarahara. pure Guggulu. anaemia. pure Vatsanabh. cow's ghee. cough. Tridoshaprasamak.AYURVEDIC PREPARATIONS EXPLAINED t97 anaemia. It is useful in rheumatism. Pratap Lankeswar: Dose: 1 Ratti (2 grains) to be taken with honey. tonic. RaJamriganika Rasa: Dose: 1 Ratti or 2 gratns to be taken with cow's ghee or honey or sherbet or butter. Manashila. butter. pure Gandhak. Loha Bhasma. Ojaskar. Nagarmotha. eye-diseases. Agnipradeepak. twice daily before food. Ramban Rasa: Dose: one to two grains. Pachak. Shoth (swelling of body). vomiting. Jwarahara. leucorrhoea. typhoid fever. pure mercury (parad). Deepak. or honey. Abhrak Bhasma. Raktaprasodhak. Amlaki choorna. Pachak. Tamra Bhasma. Tamra Bhasma. juice of bael leaves or Vasaka or coriander leaves or Punarnava two times daily before meals. Vaividang. chronic diarrhoea. grnger juice. Jwarahara. Chief ingredients are pure mercury $arad). Harital Bhasma. It is Deepak. twice daily before food. consumption. Netrahitakar (keeps the eyes in a healthy condition). asthma. Swarna Bhasma. enlargement of liver. Chief ingredients are pure sulphur (Gandhak). Anarka sherbet. chronic fever. pure Manashila. itch. spermatorrhoea. chronic piles. Tamra Bhasma. fever. all kinds of fever. enlargement of spleen. Chief ingredients are Rasa Sindhur. pure Gandhak. chronic dysentery. diarrhoea. To be taken with honey or butter or ghee or ginger juice. Veerya-pravardhak. Kshudha Vardhak. Trikatu. Chief ingredients are: Swarna . Veerya Vardhak. sandal sherbet. asthma. malaria. jaundice. It is Deepak. rheumatism. parsva sool. It is useful in sprue. It is useful in phthisis. puerperal fever (Prasoothi Jwar). Shwas Kuthara Rasa: Doee: 2 Rattis (a grains) with honey or ginger juice or butter twice darly before meals' Chief ingredients are pure Parad. Sangrahani (dysentery). pure Vatsanabh. Saktiprada. leprosy. Ragavart Bhasma. malaria. fever. Balawiddhikar. Svarnaparpaii: Dose: 1 Ratti to 3 Rattis (2 to 6 grains) twice daily before meals. wet dreams. lichen. tonic. Pure Gandhak. Pippali. anaemia. Jwarahara. erysipelas (visarpa). general debility. Tridosha Prasamak. pneumonia. Raktachancharak. spermatorrhoea. typhoid fever. pain in the body. It is useful in spermatorrhoea. psoriasis. Balaveerya Vardhak. pure mercury. pure sulphur. Sveda prad (diaphoretic). Rasasindur or Parad Bhasma. pure Gandhak. asthma. with cow's ghee or butter or honey or sherbet. astJrma. gout. Pippali. Nirgundi beej. It is Bala Veerya Vardhak. pemphigus. chronic nasal catarrh. Swarnamakshik Bhasma. Svarabheda. itch. Agnipradeepak. Jwarahara. apasmara). Rakta pravardhak. dysentery. Chief ingredients are pure Tamra Bhasma. Ojaskar. hemicrania (suryavartha). Tridosha Prasamak. Pachak. parsvasool. Manashila. tonic. Vaikrantha Bhasma.198 PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA Bhasma. cough. Sonth' Deepak. . Useful in phthisis. pure Gandhak. tonsillitis. Sohaga. Tribhavan Keetti Rasa: Dose 2 to 3 Rattis (4 to 6 grains) twice daily after food with cream or butter or honey or cow's ghee or ginger juice. Svarnapatra. weakness of memory. consumption. pure Vatsanab. Rakta pravardhak. gastric stimulant. Marich. sedative or pain reliever. gonorrhoea. chronic fever. Moorcha. fevers. weakness of heart. chronic rheumatism. Chief ingredients are pure mercury. scrofula. painful neuralgic affections. Useful in cough. neuralgia. epilepsy (mirigi. chronic skin diseases such as eczema. antiperiodic. leprosy. Rakta prashodhak. Take one tumbler of milk after taking the medicine. high fever. typhoid fever. wonns. diabetes. Pushtikar. visarpa. Vishavikar. Vasanta Malati: Dose I to 2 Rattis (2 to 4 grains) with honey and Pippali Choorna or butter or ginger juice. pneumonia. Jwarahara. Rakta Samsodhak. consumption. antiphilogistic. Veerya Vardhak. Mukta Bhasma. asthma. consumption. spermatorrhoea. Arograprada (Rasayana). Jwarahara (antipyretic). general debility. anod5rne (pain reliever).AYURVEDIC PREPARATIONS EXPLAINED t99 Tridosha Prasamak. Musk. malaria. Agnivardhak. Mutra Samsodhak. Abhrak Bhasma. tonsillitis. or bael juice or Punarnava juice or buttermilk twice daily before meals. Vasantakusumakar Rasa: Dose I to 2 Rattis (2 to 4 grains) with honey. urinar5r diseases. painful neuralgic affections. Tripur Bhairava Rasa: Dose I to 2 Rattis (2 to 4 grains) with Trikatu choorna and honey or ginger juice. sexual debility. Dantibeej. tonsillitis. twice daily before meals. Useful in malaria. A5nrrarorya Vardhak. Tridosha Prasamak. Pachak. spermatorrhoea. Tridosha prasamak. Useful in cough. pure Gandhak. Kanta-loha Bhasma. Seeshak Bhasma. Take one tumbler of cow's milk preferably goat's milk after taking . Praval Bhasma. Useful in high fever. intestinal colic. liver complaint. Sohaga. or Tulasi juice. piles. Chief ingredients are Swarna Bhasma. visarpa (erysipelas). Tulasi juice. eruptive fevers. anod5rne (pain reliever). indigestion (Agni mandya). Tamra Bhasma. Buddhi Vardhak. Jwarahara. Deepak. or butter. Rajata Bhasma. Svedaprad (diaphoretic). diaphoretic (Svedaprada). pneumonia. typhoid fever. Raktaprasodhak. Vanga Bhasma. prasuthi rog in women. Saktiprada. painful neuralgic affections. or bael juice. Chief ingredients are pure Vatsanab. twice daily before meals. Shoth (swelling). pure Hingul. It strengthens memory. Jatamansi. TAILIIS Amla Taila: Chief ingredients: Fresh Amla juice. Tridosha prashamak. Useful in chronic fever. Cooling and refreshing hair tonic. Khus Khus. Triphala. Brihat Vishnu Tailam: Til Tel (grngily oil). hemicrania or unilateral headache.PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA the medicine. Sugandhawala. Choora. Satavara Svarasa. Kshudhavardhak (promotes appetite). Tejpatra. Jwarahara. It makes curly hairs. Lalchandan. headache. It is useful in diseases of ear and eyes. Rishabhak. Chief ingredients are Swarna Bhasma. Netravala. It is used as Nasya for snuffing. It is useful in epilepsy. Jeevak. cures headache. . Padmak. malaria. Kasturi. Harad. cow's milk. sesame oil. Brahmi Taila: Juice of green Brahmi leaves or Brahmi quath. pure Hingul. Nagakesar. asthma. cough. excessive heat. cools the head and brain. cow's milk. cow's milk. Aswagandha. Dharu Haldi. highly beneficial in phthisis. It is also good for the brain. Manjishta. sleeplessness (Praj aagar) . eye ache. Baheda. Marich. sandal wood powder. This is a brain tonic. sesame oil. Rativardhak. It gives lustre to the eyes (Netra Jyotirvardhak). It removes burning sensation of eyes. Bala. A5rurarorya Vardhak. Panari. It is a brain tonic. It cools the head and strengthens the memory. Jeevanti. bark of small cardamoms. Bhringamalaka Taila: Sesame oil. Chandan. mental weakness. cow's milk. Bhringaraj Svarasa. Khas Khas. debility. Amla Svarasa. Mulhati. epilepsy. pure Karpur Bhasma. Nagarmotha. It prevents premature grey hairs and falling of hair. It is useful in sleeplessness. It is an excellent bathing oil for everyday use. Keeps the head cool and promotes the growth of hair. epilepsy. Saktiprada. Kadhir bark. useful in burning sensation in the head. Neelotpal. pruritus. Priyanthu. Sambalu. Mandarka dhoot. headache. Punarnava. Useful in scabies. Devadaru. Aswagandha. Brihat Mareechadi Tailam: Chief ingredients are mustard oil. headache. Madarki jad or milk. Trikatu. malaria. Bootkeshi. Katuki. Dashamool. cold. hemicrania or one-side headache. . angaruksha. Kusht. Dantimool. Kala Jeera. Lalchandan.AYURVEDIC PREPARATIONS EXPLAINED 2OT Useful in rheumatism. Marichi. psoriasis. Haridra. Moorva. ringworm. Useful in Karnasool. emaciation. Chitrakadi Taila'a: Chief ingredients are Til oil. Useful as a Nasya in ulcers of the nose. Sveta Chandan. cow's urine. Rasna. Daru Haridra. Chitra ka mool. hemicrania. cough. Rhithesis. anaemia. Sirkampan. rheumatism. Haridra. It strengthens the root of the hair on the head. Brihat Dasharnool Tailam: Oil of mustard. Choti Katteri. Kutaj bark. gallagraha.as a Nasya in bleeding of the nose. sinus and other deep ulcers. Laksha Svarasa. Mulhati. Haridradi Tailam: Chief ingredients are Til oil. Dharu Haldi. Darvi. asthma. red salt. Ajwain. itching. Charya. Dhatura. Netrasool. Soak a cotton wick in the oil and put it in the cavit5r of the ulcers. Chandanadi Tailam: Til oil. Guduchi. Devadaru. cleanses the ulcers. It is used. Lalchandan. Triphala. anguligraha. manniasthambha. leprosy. Cooling and refreshing to the head and eyes. eczema. epilepsy. leucoderma. Vasaka bark. Devadaru. rheumatism. Bringraj Svarasa. Karang Beej. Brihat Lakshadi Tailam: Chief ingredients are Til Tel. Rasna. cow's urine. Useful in fistula. It gives garbhapushti. Anantamool. burning of tJle feet. A very useful remedy as a massage in old fevers. bleeding of the nose. Karang Beej. Rasna. s5movitis. Aswagandha. Molesarika chal. Bivamoola bark. Saggkshar. a local massage in Hemiplegia. Hitg. phthisis. Ajwain. Karanja beej.PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA Kesar. Relieves pain in menstruation when applied to the trunk (massage). goat's milk. fistula. Jatyadl Tailam: Til oil.r. Nirgundi Svarasa. Useful in ulcer. hemiplegia. Saindhavanimak (red salt). paraplegia. Haridra. Sendanimak. Sankhpushpa. Marichi. rheumatism. Gokuru. rheumatism. Patala. stone in the kidney. Anantamool. Pippali. aconite. Sonth. Maha Vishgarbha Tailam: Ingredients are Til Tel. Sreyasi. Maha Narayana Tailam: Chief ingredients are Til Tel. Chitrak. Saindhava (Senda Nimak). s5movitis. Kadir. Bhringaraj Svarasa. Triphala. Neem bark. Trikatu Sindhur. Lalchandan. fever. Punarnava. Dhatura. It is a wonderfut remedy as sciatica. Aswagandha. Karanjadi Tailam: Til oi1. A useful apptication in acne. Majit (Manjistha). Padmak Agaru. Bhatpatra. all sorts of sores. impotence. rigid spasm. Agnimanthi. Trikatu. Amka gutli. lumbago. Useful in locomotor ataxia. Syonak. Sonth. Chameli Svarasa. Arkamool. cow's milk. Padma. headache. Put three or four drops in the nose. Ajmoda. . Pohakar mool. gives glow to the skin of the face. Satavari Svarasa. Parswa sool. This is useful in ozoerLa. Hinguadi Tailam: Chief ingredients are mustard oil (Sarson ki Tel). Dasamool. Neem bark. Maha Saindhavadi Tailam: Ingredients are lranda Tel. Atibala. Kutiki' Useful for application in ring worrn of the scalp. camphor. Choti Katteri. Bilwa bark. Dalcheeni. disease of nose. Atees. sciatica. Visarpa. goat's milk. Nasya strengthens the root of the hairs of the head and the root of the teeth and improves the vision and lustre of the eyes. Vyaghri Tallam: Til Tel. gout. Devadaru. Guduchi. Dhanihaldi. QUATH (Decoctionf Take /. used as Nasya in scrofula sinus. Trikatu. Ark Svarasa. to 2 tolas of coarse powder of quath. Useful in ozoena. Useful in itching. Vidang Tailam: Chief ingredients are Til oil. Svaradhigana quath. Triphala. Triphdadi Tallam: Ingredients are Til Tel. Vasaka chal. Rasna. Useful tremors. Chaturjat. Sindhur. cow's urine. Jeevanti. Iranda mool. Nirgundi Tailam: Ingredients are Til Tel. It is beneficial in itching. sedative. in arthritis. Mandar Patra Svarasa. For chest pain and cough apply to the chest and throat. Useful in headache as Nasya (drops in the nose). Nirgundi Svarasa (leaf and root bark). Chitrak. Chitrak mool. chronic rheumatism. cow's ghee. paraplegia. Trikatu. Vasaka. Kalajeera. Useful for application in skin diseases. Shad Bindu Tailam I: Ingredients are mustard oil. lumbago. Useful in leprosy. Useful in diseases of ear (to be used as ear drops). Bhringaraj Svarasa. Add water 16 times its proportion. sprain. Shad Bindu Tailam II: Chief ingredients are Til Tel.AYURVEDIC PREPARATIONS EXPLAINED Properties: anod5rne. Vaividang. Gheru. Boil and make it into a . catarrh. Trikatu. Nisooth. Triphala. Bala. laxative. Brihati.honey. Eranda root. Gokuru. bitter tonic. Bilus. It increases blood (Raktapravardhak). heart diseases. puerperal diseases like Soothikarog. When three fourth the quantity of water is evaporated. old fever. Damasa. This is a blood purifier. cough. Amaltas. cold. neuralgia. Useful in typhoid fever. Guduchi. Amritadl Quath: Chief ingredients are Guduchi. Dasamool Quath: Chief ingredients are Shaliparni. Gokshuraka. scrofula. Kustha. asthma. Nagarmotha. Kashmari and Patala. Shringi. Useful in spermatorrhoea. Katphala. Alterative. Arjunatwak Quath: Chief ingredients are Arjun bark. Guduchi. Shyonaka. giddiness. strain tl:e remaining portion. Useful in cirrhosis (liver disease). Tridosha Prasamak (equalises the three Doshas). bitter tonic and alterative. Devadatradi Quath: Chief ingredients are Devadaru. Prasniparni. chronic constipation. Vasaka panchang. Vacha. cough. Brihati. . Abhayadt Quath: Chief ingredients are Harad. Pippali. Dose: I oz. to be taken twice daily with /z oz. Dhania. Useful in long continued fevers. increases appetite. malaria. Sonth. The quaths are prescribed as Anupans or vehicles for other drugs. fevers. It purifies tJle blood (Rakta Shodak). parsva sool. Pashanabhedi. Always prep€rre fresh quaths. Agnimanthi. Kantakaritha (Choti Katteri). excessive perspiration. Kutuki. Chirayata (Kirata). Chitrak. You can prepare the decoction for the whole day. asthma.PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA decoction. It is a heart tonic too. etc. Tridosha Prasamak. Gokuru. Do not keep the decoction over night. Nagarmotha. Astringent and tonic. Gives strength to the heart. Maharasaadi Quath: Chief ingredients are Rasna. Chirata. influenza (sleshma jwara) and other fevers. Alterative. diuretic. Kutuki. Kiratadi Quath: Chief ingredients are Kirata (Chirayata). Bharanghi. diarrhoea. Pippali. Nagarmotha. aperient. stomachic. Useful for women after delivery or colic fever. Bacha. Baelgiri. Atees. Useful in all forms of leprosy. In all 45 drugs. Gokuru. Sonth. Guduchyadi Quath: Chief ingredients are Guduchi. Dharu Haldi. headache. Sariva. Punarnava. Satavari. atonia. Bitter tonic. boils. Badi Katteri. gives strength to the heart. Lakshmana. Neem bark. Dhania. antiperiodic. antiperiodic. moorcha (giddiness). dysentery. Devadaru. increases lustre in the eyes. stimulant. tonic. Vasaka. Nagarmotha.AYURVEDIC PREPARATIONS EXPLAINED Bitter tonic. astringent. Moorva. Nimkichal. skin diseases. Pithapapada. gonorrhoea (Upadamsa). It improves general health. Lalchandan. hemiplegia. Useful in malaria. alterative. Manjisthadi Quath: (Brihat) Chief ingredients a-re Manjistha. Gives foundation for pregnancy (Garbha sthapan). eye diseases. Guduchi. Highly useful in malaria. Kachur. etc. Bitter tonic. Netrabala. Rakta prasodhak (purifies the blood). Guduchi. Sonth. cough. Rakta prasodhak (purifier of blood). Drakshadi Quath: Chief ingredients are Draksha (Munakka). dyspepsia. Satavari. stimulant. Atees. Raktaprashodhak (blood purifier). diuretic. Give with half quantity of honey. Triphala. pains in the body and the joints. Pitha Prasamak (keeps the bile in the normal condition). Indrajav. acne. anti-periodic. Sonth. Harad. Pitta-prasamak (keeps tJle bile in a normal condition). Khus. cools the system. Guduchi. . Kutakchal. Bitter tonic. Trikatu. Amaltas ka gudha or PulP. Nagarmotha. tonic. Bitter tonic. Pitta-prasamak (keeps the bile in a normal condition). gives strength to the heart. bilious fever. Parpatadi Quath (Panchabhadra Kahada|: Chief ingredients are Pitha papada (Parpat). Bitter tonic. sciatica. Useful in debility. blood-purifier. cools the lungs in dry condition. Indrajav. itch. Guduchi. aperient. As a blood-purifier it is useful in skin diseases. Lodhra. anti-periodic. itch. Tridosha prasamak. Katphala. all diseases of stomach. Vasa. constitutional debility. asthma. Rakta Pitta. Useful in Malaria. Gandawala. spermatorrhoea. Katuki. jaundice. Alterative. Sonth. Blood purifier. s5philis. alterative. As a diaphoretic and tonic it is given in fevers . Palota. Nimbark. cachexia. paraplegia. anaemia. boil. diaphoretic. Nagarmotha. Raktaprashodhak (blood-purifier). Chirayata. hemiplegia. etc. antiperiodic. Guduchi.. bitter tonic. Sarivadi Quath: Chief ingredients are Anantamool (Sariva). black Til. Keeps the three Doshas in a normal condition. Patha. Mulati. Punarnavadi Quath: Chief ingredients are Punarnava. worrns. diuretic. stomach pain. Useful in fevers. cough. Take this with half quantity of honey. dropsy. moorcha (fainting).206 PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA Useful in all kinds of rheumatism. hepatitis. Shothahara (remover of swelling of body). lumbago. Nimbadi Quath: Chief ingredients are Nimba. Pittaprasamak. Pithapapada Quath: Rakta pravardhak (increases the blood). laxative. leprosy. bubo. Katuki. scrofula. Darvi. thirst. diuretic. tonic. malaria. Sonth. Useful in jaundice. bilious fever (Pitta jwara). chronic rheumatism. Parpat. Hareetaki. AYURVEDIC PREPARATIONS EXPLAINED with loss of appetite and disinclination for food. black pepper. Useful in jaundice. Raktaprashodhak laxative. Alterative. orchitis. flatulence or wind in the bowels. pain in the stomach. It purilies the urine. It is useful in the beginning stage of stone in the kidney. Guduchi. Chirayata. So it is useful in scanty and high coloured urine. Daruhaldi. Adusha (Vasaka). Pachak (digestive). Useful in obesity. Nagarmotha. Triphala. (blood-purifier). anaemia. . Deepak. first stage of stone in the kidney. It is a Mutrasamshodhak. headache. Kriminasak (killer of worms in the bowels). itch. Nirhoth. Mutra samshodhak (purifier of urine). Bolamool. purgative. Katuki. Pachak. Nimbark. tonic. Sanai. Mulati. Pippali). Haldi. Triphaladi Quath: Chief ingredients are Triphala. Trivritadl Quath: Chief ingredients are Triwit or Trikatu (Sonth. Tridosha prasamak (keeps the three Doshas in a normal condition). Life is complex. re-establishes the full potentialities of the senses and gives good health. That herbal preparation is known by the name Chyavanaprash which is still used by the people of India. He is restless. It solves the riddle of old age. He gets exhausted quickly. He is under great excitement. Kaya Kalpa is that form of treatment which restores the aged and debilitated body to its pristine youth and vigour. Kaya Kalpa. (208) . There is great struggle in the daily battle of life. Rivalry and competition are intense. There is undue strain on his nerves and brain. Kaya Kalpa adds new life to years and new years to life. The Sanskrit word 'Kaya'means body and 'Kalpa' means transformation or rejuvenation. vigour. He got perpetual youth through tJ:e use of drugs. A5rurveda shows you the way to attain a high standard of health. This is an age of scientific discovery and inventions. It gives a scientific description of the process of rejuvenation. Chyavana prepared a confection out of various herbs and took it. vitalit5r and longevity. It helps you to preserve the youth. Mandarrya Rishi who lived in the Vindhya mountains took an Elixir. Life is under great tension. vim. Chyavana and other sages ofyore who had a broken and debilitated constitution on account of old &g€.Chapter )O{I r(Ay4 r(AL-PA This is an age of science. renewed their vigour of life and lived for countless years by undergoing Kaya Kalpa treatment. There is great tension on his brain and nerues. Man exerts more. Nasya Karma (nasal purge). dyspepsia. 4. Asthma. brings the functions of Saptadhatus to a normal condition and cures many incurable diseases. AJa Ihlpa This is rejuvenation through goat's milk. . He lives on black cow's milk alone. Yamana Karma (emetics). 2. Anuvaasana Vasti (soothing Enemata). He should not take shave. He should not touch cold water. Kaya Kalpa should be conducted under the expert guidance of a very competent Ayurvedic physician. The life-long accumulation of various poisons in the system causes decay. He lives in seclusion.KAYA KALPA Scientists also are attempting to find out the Elixir of life which will combat against decay and produce vigour and youth in the old and conquer the fear of death. This gives complete rejuvenation. This Kalpa cures definitely diabetes. The Pancha Karmas are 1. Forms of Kalpa Treatment Kuti Pravesika Kalpa One remains in a dark celI. milk every Harad lhlpa Harad is Hareetaki or m5rrobalan. Therefore one should take recourse to Pancha Karmas for puri$ring the body before he begins Kaya Kalpa treatment. tea and coffee are forbidden. Kaya Kalpa restores the natural balance to Vata. Salt. The goat should yield a pounds of milk. Ghrita Ilalpa Pure cow's ghee is taken with cow's morning for two months in every winter. Virechana Karma (purgatives). 3. rheumatism and debility. old age and death. He is cut offfrom friends and society. chillies. One big Harad (Terminalia chebula) is taken in the morning for 4ldays. Niropa Vasti (clearing Enemata) and 5. Pitta and Kapha. lawyers and doctors. students and scholars. Impure and unholy places should be avoided in collecting Brahmi leaves . It can be taken for a week or more. This should be collected in Sisira Ritu and Vasanta Ritu (seasons) when it is full with beneficial juice. No Pancha Karma is necessar5r. etc. professors. Give up oil. He comes back to consciousness and becomes a blooming youth. Brahmi Kdpa Brahmi is one of the beautiful creeper herbs found in the Himalayan regions. There no Pancha Karma or food restriction. It should be is taken under the supervision of an experienced Ayurwedic physician. This is found in places which are moist on the wet sandy mountain regions. The skin peels off. Bodht lklpa One regains lost memory. ErS frqr {Rrfrtrr 6g{zura vfra isqrq qFr Ergqrfrrgqr rsrTn wqtr{ftrqr@l . It causes vomiting. Kesha Kalpa Grey hair becomes black through this Kalpa. During Vasanta-Greeshma Ritus (February to April) it flowers. sour things.2ro PRAC-TICE OF AYURVEDA Somdata Kalpa This process is a dfficult. chillies. delicate and drastic one. This is highly beneficial for all brain workers. This is available in plenty in winter. This is very easy. The patient becomes unconscious for some days. ice. The leaves should be collected from clean places with fresh airy regions. In rainy season it is almost extinct. In the dictionary of herbs Brahmi is known as Somavati or Saraswati. tea. After 3 or 4 days if there is difficulty in digesting the milk you can add a small quantity of dried ginger and Pippali (both powdered well). pneumonia etc. You can increase tJ:e quantity according to your capacity. The remaining half (3 mashas) should be taken at sunset. neryous debility. Fresh Brahmi abounds in wonderful life-giving strength and various beneficial qualities. It develops intelligence and improves memory. It transforms a man immediately. goat's milk can be taken. If it is dried in the sun it loses some of its vital qualities. branches) and grind it very nicely. The person undergoing the Kalpa should first of all clean his bowels. Three hours later you should take cow's milk half a seer or as much as you can digest. Take half at sunrise. It increases life.KAYA KALPA 2tl Wonderful are the characteristic qualities of Brahmi. In children's diseasespneumonia and cough-it should be made into a paste and applied to the neck. It makes the voice fine. It is effective in leprosy. in wet dreams. menstrual disorders. It is useful in blood impurities. It improves intellectual faculties. It develops bodily as well as mental faculties. It increases life and checks degeneration. loss of memory. roots. children's diseases. Apasmar (Mri$). . The next day after bath and other cleansings he should take 6 Mashas $rtola) of Brahmi (leaves. It purifies urine. The paste should be as fine as possible. Its taste is bitter. It is known as Gratila Monniera Hydrocotyle Asiatica. leucoderma. Even the Westerners have done great researches over Brahmi. It is very cooling in effect. In case pure cow's milk is not available. This is very effective. While heating the milk put 6 mashas of fresh Brahmi leaves and boil it well. Cool it and take it. Brahmi Kalpa is undertaken for 31 days. It is good in clearing tJ e bowels. In Brahmi Kalpa fresh Brahmi is to be utilised. They are of the opinion that this should not be dried in the sun. Cures headaches. If you want to take rest lie on your left side. tamarind (sour articles). On the completion of Kalpa. fevers. oils. First fruit juice should be taken. food should be gradually increased. Treatment extends to 30 days. consumption. non-vegetarian diet and seminal wastage.2r2 PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA During the Kalpa period take nothing prepared out of grains. The rule is: qrmrdq rifriE t SEHr qrEYRi rt-st Care should be taken to see that the milk is freshly drawn every morning. Have the senses under perfect control. Nothing other than milk should be taken. chillies. dysentery and constipation. . 1st day 3 mashas both morning & evening 2nd day 4 mashas both morning & evening 3rd day 5 mashas both morning & evening 7th day 9 mashas both morning & evening 15th day 17 mashas both morning & evening 2lst day 23 mashas both morning & evening 28th day 30 mashas both morning & evening 31st day 33 mashas both morning & evening From the 32nd day onward reduce 2 mashas each time and on the 45th day the quantity of Brahmi leaves Kalaa taken will be 3 Mashas morning and evening as on the first day of the Kalpa. Then green gram and then old rice and easily digestible articles of diet should be taken before taking to the fuIl normal diet. The entire course of treatment is for 45 days. Dugdha Kayakdpa Ensures good hedth and long life. chillies. The quantity of Brahmi should be increased in the following order. During the period following the treatment you should avoid onion. Devote more time to prayer and meditation. Avoid onions. etc. Add one tola of sugarcandy. Before commencement of the treatment have a clean purgative with Triphala or Myrobalan (Hareetaki). flowers and bark of the . It is capable of destroying to the root many incurable diseases. Other instructions as on the first day. On the first day take this milk only. You should not take any other food. Among herbs Neem occupies a very distinctive position. Take 9 Chataks (45 Tolas) pure cow's milk. Continue thus adding 4 Chataks of milk and juice of gourd or Triphala powder in the same proportion. During the treatment avoid all mental exertion. No other food should be taken. Leaves. Carry on the treatment for one full month (30 days). Maintain Brahmacharya. Note:-For fuller details refer my book Practice of Nature Cure. add one Masha in addition. It is beyond the power of words to describe the curative effect of this wonderful tree. long night vigils. Begin tlle Kalpa on a Suklapaksha (bright fortnight).Observe vow of silence. Add 3 Chataks of juice of bittergourd or 6 mashas of Triphala powder or 9 mashas of Trikatu Churna. You can take juice of mosumbi or orange if you feel hungry at other times. From very ancient times we have heard the glory of this tree. Heat and reduce the milk to half the quantity.KAYA KALPA 2t3 Spring season is particularly suited for undertaking this treatment. Neem Kalpa It is an admitted fact that herbs possess curative effect to a very high degree. Herbal treatment is unparalleled in effect. The benefits of Indian herbs are known throughout the world. Mix one third the quantity of bitter-gourd juice or if Triphala Churna. Every part of this tree is useful. Allow the milk to cool. On the second day have 13 Chataks of milk. Mix any of these in milk. moderately.2t4 PRAC-TICE OF AYURVEDA tree are highly useful. Rise up from bed early morning. Tuesday and Thursdays are favourable in commencing the treatment for men. Take milk at least 3 times daily. Pippali)with milk before taking. Care should be taken to see that nothing is done by the patient which will go against his interests. Mix 4 s6all quantity of Trikatu powder (Sonth. General rulestf health and hygiene should be adhered to. March.les enjoined in the observance of this Kalpa have to be strictly adhered to to ensure the maximum result. he should be careful in following the rules relating the treatment. April. The pills are to be taken with fresh water drawn from well or river. Mix them all. Make pills. These act unfailingly in giving the maximum benefit to the patient and make the treatment successful. People of good health derive the maximum benefit of this treatment as arecuperative tonic. Sunday. Friday and Saturday are days suitable for women. [n this Kalpa food of all descriptions should be given up. Before commencement of the treatment t]re bowels should be cleared by a purgative. Speak slowly. This helps digestion and increases strength. The observance of the following rules will be highly useful. October and November are the months highly beneficial in undertaking this Kalpa. Both men and women can derive the maximum benefit by undertaking the Neem treatment. i. Marich. flowers and bark of Neem). Monday. Wednesday. Three hours later take half a seer pure cow's milk. Maintain celibacy.e. Live in seclusion. The rr. .. Paste it well with water. Remain in well-ventilated rooms. Similarly in the evening prepare pills of weight one Masha and take them with fresh water. Take one Masha of the combined Trivarg (leaves. Neem Kalpa can be successfully carried out within 31 days. KAYA KALPA 2t5 On the second day add 4 rattis of leaves. Thus the quantity has to be increased 4 rattis daily. This rejuvenates the entire nervous system' Put 15leaves of Neem in one glass of water and keep it covered nea-ryour bed at bed-time. Be not moved by such experience. The lungs are cleared. During the course of treatment on account of little heat in the system you may feel weak. You should maintain mental equilibrium and not allowyourself to be led away by emotions. a little whirling of the head etc. flowers and bark of Neem. Thus the course of treatment comes to an end and the patient feels great strength. may be felt. filter it and drink the water. After Ushapan one should go for stroll in the early morning. This cleanses the bowels and the bladder. . This is known as Ushapan also. But those will not last long and they will pass away. The heat in the system is reduced. vigour and vitality.. On waking from bed at 5 a. This removes the heat in the system.m. It removes the defects of phlegm and bile. On return from walk take rest for half an hour and practise mild Pranayama or deep breathing exercises. The following table will give you an idea of the quantity of medicine to be taken. lst day 1 Masha morning and evening 2nd day L/rMasha morning and evening 7th day 4 Mashas morning and evening 15th day 8 Mashas morning and evening 20th day 101 Mashas morning and evening 31st day 16 Mashas morning and evening On the 32nd day the quantity of tJ'e pill should be reduced by one Masha and thus every day one Masha is to be reduced and on the 45th day the size of the pill comes to one Masha. You may suffer from a little'sleeplessness. The patient will do well to keep some green leaves of Neem under the pillow. thirst.216 PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA ffi srra eg. Once the Kalpa is successfully undertaken the patient gets immunit5r from the disease for a pretty long time.Jre q. worms in teeth. Soon after the treatment the patient should take care to see that he takes no such thingwhich gives rise to the disease once again. up of body cells. It removes phlegm. wind and bile. all fevers. It contains very important vitamin useful for the building diseases. It is helpful in cough. effective in curing skin diseases. cough. Buttermilk contains in itself all the strength-giving elements which could otherwise be had only from a number of other edible articles of daily life.flTuTi 5h rxrrg: tt qeft+r . infectious diseases.C qrfrl. It glves more strength and energz than ordinar5r articles of diet. loss of appetite. The oil of Neem is very useful in all skin diseases. and lightness of body. diabetes. This is very. very important. It is highly 3o11stnilk Treatment (Takra Kalpa) Takra Kalpa treatment is not merely a cure for It also bestows long life on the individual. Even the Western scientists have accepted the fact that of all medicines which help to cleanse the system Neem finds the first place. leprosy. etc. In the chapter on dietetics in A5rurweda we find a full description of buttermilk as an important part of our food.sfr{rnJq t t t The effect of Neem is cooling. 1ie qr rtfr: a* Frqsi ftEtt ffiar+* qert 6Erfu irfi?er:eErER trn: I qerrgwnFTi gqrq der. Just as nectar is prescribed for gods in heaven. ryIffi{irql Rasayana (tonic). Prepare curd in the early morning and keep it for one fullday. Prepare curd Cow's milk is itself a out of pure cow's milk. It is easy to practise and is highly fruittul. In Kalpa Kosha we find a beautiful description of Takra Kalpa for a happy and diseaseless life. But the following method is very useful.trcrr+q | | ffrui The person who takes buttermilk never falls sick. It should be administered with a thorough knowledge of the Pathyas (do's) and Apathyas (don'ts). In short it is useful in all diseases. It does not allow diseases to enter the system. This Kalpa is undertaken for 40 days. There are various methods of preparing curd and buttermilk. . It destroys all kinds of diseases. Nasya. This Kalpa is useful in dreadful diseases contracted by heredity. They are ever happy. For purposes of making curd cow's milk is the best. Amritakaran and many other varieties of Butter-milk treatment. Add the other half and make buttermilk. It is even harmful. Do not use old curd. It is highly injurious to health. Before commencing Takra Kalpa clear your bowels with Pancha Karma (Vamana. Do not preserve curd or buttermilk in brass or copper vessels. even so here in this world buttermilk is prescribed for human beings as a means for maintaining ffi healthy life. The most easy and useful method is described here. Take butter from one half of the curd. Add one part of water in 3 parts of curd. We find Chandrasamputi. The second day the curd is fit for use.KAYA KALPA 217 aiir nrfr u. The curd that is kept unused for 48 hours becomes unfit for use in Kalpa.qmrFi {Erg qr*li ug I gq fiur+ Eflir. Virechana. The next day increase it by 2 Chataks i. asafoetida mixed with a litfle Saindhava Nimak. 11 chataks at sunrise and 11 chataks at sunset. Kapha. Take bath in the early morning. louki. This Kalpa is not advisable in Varsha and Sarad Ritus (Rainy and winter seasons). It improves digestion. Take an equal quantity at sunset also. Then lake milk and then gradually the usual diet. By this not only the bowels but even the senses are purifred. . If it is sour in taste. Continue the Kalpa for 40 days. parval and green vegetables. On the 41st day onward reduce 4 Chataks every day until you come again to 1 seer and 4 chataks. you can add a small quantity of fried Jira. well powdered. If the buttermilk is light it is useful in stopping motions. At sunrise take 1O Chataks (50 tolaslof buttermil'k. It improves the movement of Nadis and makes it normal. it does not increase bile. If you frnd it diflicult to take simple buttermilk as it is. Thus increase 2 chataks daily. palak. It helps digestion. Do not take salt and chillies for some days. In the beginning take only fruit juice.e. Keep up the vow of Brahmachar5ra.. On the completion of Kalpa you should not commence your usual diet at once.218 PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA Niruhan and Anuvasan). In cold season it improves digestion and removes bad taste. strength and removes the evil effects of Vata. etc. This is the theory of Rasayanas. It strengthens the metabolic system. Rasayana is the science of removing old age and diseases which do not yield to ordinary treatment. This needs to be treated. So did Chyavana Rishi through the reputed Chyavanaprash. vomica seeds. The Rasayanas keep the physical body healthy and strong for a long time in order to achieve the goal or Self-realisation in this very life. Rasayana treatment mercury. the Yogic students have much time to attain the goal. Accidental deaths can be avoided. If the body is kept healthy and strong for a long time. prolonging life and rejuvenating it.asas' and other elements of the body. retentive memory. is called Rasayana. (2tel . This system has become a neglected science at the present moment. vitality. Whatever promotes longevit5r. old age is a disease. Those who attained longevity through Rasayana are called Rasayanas. nux is done through sulphur. Neem. Haritaki and Amalaka. The Rasayanas can immortalise the physical body. Life can be continued indefinitely through Rasayana treatment. According to this treatment. improves the blood and consequently the whole body. Mandavya Muni who resided in Vindhya mountains attained long life and Siddhis by herbs. health. Much time will not be lost in dyrng and being born again.Chapter )OilI THE RASAYANA TRFATMENT In the Ayurvedic system Rasayana treatment is prescribed for keeping death at a distance and attaining longevity. It is called Rasayana because it has a beneficial effect on the R. Aachara Rasayana' or rejuvenation and longevity through the practice of Yama and Niyama or right conduct (Ahimsa. etc. The patient is kept indoor (Kuti-pravesh) or out-door fVatepik). Padma.asayana' herbs and Aachara Rasayana. .' Eko Aso Rasa'rc. R. It will not bestow the desired results.j Shariram-aj ara Amara Kurute-Ihe only thing that can make the body ever young and immortal is the blessed Rasaraj. Nila. Nari. Longevity is also attained through Rasayana'herbs such as Soma. grve immense strength and virility and make it immune from many diseases. Sat5ram. if it is performed when old age or decrepitude has already set in. Brahmacha:r'la.PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA Three distinct processes are described in the A5rurreda to attain longevity and rejuvenation. They are Rasaraj Rasayana.'termed mercury which has first and foremost place among the ancient therapeutics.) is another kind of treatment by the Yogins and sages' According to Sushruta the Rasayana treatment should be performed on the subject either in youth or in the middle age. Hareetaki and Amala' Amala and Hareetaki tone the body. Make two holes on the upper portion of the mud pot across and pass a straight wooden or iron rod. Jarana Yantra. Adhapatana Yantra. Dhoopa Yantra and Tapta khal Yantra. milk. Niyamyatq Badhyate uaa Rakshyate ParadonenopaAena Tadyantram). Kashaya. Bhoodhar Yantra. Hamsapaak Yantra. Tiryakpaatan Yantra. Now heat the Dravadravya.) in a broad mud pot three fourth full. Kanji. protects and solidifies mercury and sulphur is called Yantram (Yantragate. Vidhyadhar Yantra (Oordhwapatan). Swedaneeya Yantra. Nabhi Yantra. These are useful in what are called Swedan. Very important ones from among the above are described here in fuller details.Chapter )UUI YANTRAS The Yantras deal with the science of mercury and sulphur. Prepare Swedan pak. Valabhee Yantra. Vaghbhata's Rasaratna Samuchya gives description of a number of useful Yantras. Koshtee Yantra. Ishtikaa Yantra. Somanal Yantra. mercury and decoction) Rasa. The pot (22rl. Kanji. Suspend the Swedadravya from the rod tied to a cloth. This is Dola Yantra. Kachchap Yantra. Chief among them are DoIa Yantra. etc. That which controls. Qwath. Swedaneeya Yantra Fill water or Dravadravya (Svaras. . Paatana Yantra. Pachan. Mardan. Paalika Yantra. etc. Dola Yantra Fill a mud pot half with Dravadravya (mixture of sulphur. Baaluka and Lavana Yantra. 222 PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA should then be covered with a cloth and tied Ught. This Yantra is called Paatana. In one pot mercury and other medicines are filled. Keep the Swedadravya which is to be cooked. Then it is dried properly. In the pot that is kept on the top have a coating of paste of mercury and sulphur. This is Adhah Paatana Vidhi. Take another with its mouth slighfly smaller than the previous one. Heat well. Fill the Jaladhar with water. the mercury gets melted and falls into the water in the pot kept within the earth. When the upper pot gets hot. Fit in the pot containing the paste well into the water pot in an inverted position. This is called Swedaneeya Yantra. Invert the pot. Adhah Paatana Yantra . in the previous Yantra. Have two pots as described. Paatana Yantra Take a pot with an internal measurement of 16 inches. Both the pots are then joined by Sandhilep. 8" broad and 4" high. Vidyadhara Yantra The Yantra prepared out of two pots of equal measurement is called Vidhyadhara Yantra. When it gets dry keep the pot on fire. In this Yantra a . New keep this over fire. When the kpan is dry have cow dung cakes on the top and set fire. Join them both with the paste referred in the previous Yantra. iron powder. Join both the pots nicely with buffalo's milk. In the second pot have mercury or sulphide of mercury. The down pot is kept within the earth with water as mentioned above. Now invert the first pot on the pot containing mercury. On the top of it make a Jaladhar 10" long. Fill the other pot half with water. which can fit in properly in the previous pot. Sira (paste) mixed together. Both the pots together wilI have a global appearance. Cover it with a similar mud pot (as one kept below). The other pot is kept inverted on the Iirst. Keep cow-dung cakes above this. Sun is known by the narne Hamsa. Above it keep a circular vessel filled with medicines (Moosha). keeping it on the Khappar containing sand. The frre should be as mild as the rays of the sun. Panchakshar.YANTRAS 223 Chula (firepot) is to be used which will supply fire on all four sides. grind them with cow's urine. Hamsapaaka. Hamsapaaka Yantra Fill a Khappar (earthen pot thin and broad) with sand. five kinds of salt. Again fill the remaining part (2 or 3 inches) of the pit with sand. Take another Khappar (Kunda). Fill it with sand to a height of 2 or 3 inches. This is known as Bhoodhar Yantra. Bhoodhar Yantra Dig a pit in the earth. Hence the significant name. . Heat it on mild fire. Take Javakhar. This is called by the name Hamsapaaka Yantra. Set fire to the cakes. Arishta Kalpaaa: Medicines useful in decoctions (Qwaths)...Appendix DEFINITIONS IN AYURVEDA Aapyayanak or Ghatayantra: An earthenware pot with a liquid content of 3 seers and 10 chataks water with its neck measuring 4 inches is called Aapyayanak or Ghatayantra. Apurnarbhav Bhasma Lakshan is the method of testing the quality of a Bhasma. (224) . and kept in a closed vessel is called Asava or Arishta. are well cooked and kept in pots with three times the quantit5r of water. Some call the process of Qwath combinations as Arishta and uncooked medical combination as Asava. This is called Amriteekaran. It is prescribed by the doctor or by the Ayurvedic text. Anupan is something which is taken along with or soon after taking a medicine. etc. barley etc. sugar.. The special process which is carried out in removing these defects is called Amriteekaran. Amriteekaran: When Bhasma (ashes) is preparad out of metals there are certain processes which remain incomplete which are detrimental from the point of view of health. AcchadanorAavap: The mixingof somewet and dry substances in the molten Dhatu (metal) as per A5mnredic rules is called Acchadan or Aavap. Aaranaal or Kanjik: Rice. This is preserved for particular purpose and this is called Aaranaal. increased with Agar. Learned Ayurvedic doctors maintain these subtle shades of differences. etc. pepper. In the case of copper Bhasma purification is done by ghee or Panchamrit. For example you have to take honey along with Abhrak Bhasma or take sugar Sherbat after taking the husk of Isafgol etc. ChaturbeeJ: Cumin seeds. Souvarchal. Samudrik (sea salt) these are the ChaturlavErn or four kinds of salt. Meda. Kakoli. Riddhi. Abhas Bandh. They are Hat Bandh. Bahiseet is the removing of Put from fire and cooling it in the open air. Susamskrit Bandh. Khot Bandh. Jala Bandh. Mahameda. Jaluka Bandh. Kumar Bandh.avan: Saindhav. There are two methods of doing it. Arot Bandh. Kalk Bandh. Srinkhala Bandh. Kriyaheen Bandh. Chaturooshan: Dried ginger. Pippali. pepper. Tarun Bandh. Kalojee (Mangroul) and Ajwain. Rishabhak. Ksheera Kakoli. pisthika Bandh. Pot Bandh. There are 26 methods of puri$ring mercury. Ashtavarga: Jeevak. Beej: The special process employed in colouring a metal is called Beej or Uttaran. these are called Chaturbeej. Chansur. Moorti Bandh. Vriddha Bandh. Dnrti Bandh. Sabeej Bandh. ChaturJaat: Dalcheeni. Sajeeva Bandh. Ilaichi (cardamom). Charana is the process of feeding goLd and other minerals into mercury. lt is called Triyakpatit Jal Ark. . They are Sumukh and Nirmukh Charana. Khar Bandh. Bandh is the method by which the impurities and unsteadiness of mercury is removed. Chaturl. Maha Bandh.DEFINITIONS IN AYURVEDA Ark is a combination of boiled water and Vanaspathi products. Bid. Vriddhi-these are the famous Himalayan Ashtavarga. Nirbeej Bandh. Agni Bandh. Avaleha Kalpana: The decoction of herbs well filtered and cooked and made into the shape of medicines fit to be taken in by licking is called Rasa Kriya or Avaleha Kalpana. Kajjali Bandh. Tejpatra and Nagakesar these are called Chaturjaat. root of Pippali-these four are called Chaturooshan. Dravanavarg: Gud (iaggery). Gambhari. Even when water is kept in such vessels there will be no leakage. Prisniparni. honey or water-these when mixed with any powder and made into equally shaped pills are called Gutika. Bijoure Swarasa. Make Kalka of Triphala. KajJal: Burn a ghee or oil light. ghee. honey. Pathal. Haridra. Heat it over mild fire titl the foam di""pp. Mulhati-these are called Jeevaneeya dravya. Gokuru-are the ten roots constituting Dasamool' Dravanapanchak: Gunja. Take /uttr portion of ghee and 4 times that water. Sonapaata. Any dry powder is Choorna. Gutika: Jaggery. ghee and jaggery are the five Dravanas. This is called Ghritamoorchana. sugar. Salaparni. The smoke that collects on the mud pot . These are utilisJd in melting things which are melted under special processes. Guggulu. Take powdered Mandoor. Kako1i. Ghritamoorchana: Put pure cow's ghee in an iron pan (kadayl. Guggulu.226 PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA Choorna is something ground in stone or pestle and mortar and then filtered through cloth. jaggery and lime. Riddhi. Kateri 12 varieties). Jeevanti. Mocha. Prepare Pak in ghee. This is called Jalamrittika. Mahameda. Filter it and make it sticlry. Rishabhak. Arani. Takkhan. Hold a mud pot (small) above it. Dasamool: Belgiri. honey. Mudgaparni."ts. Dwilavana: Saindhav and Souvarchal these two are indicated by Dwilavana. Jalamrittika: Prepare a decoction of the skin of Babul tree. Suhaga-these come under Dravanavarg. Mix the three powders well' Mix the powder and decoction well and make it stiff' This can be used to join broken vessels etc. Vriddhi. Ksheera Kakoli. Mashaparni. Jeevaneeyagan: Jeevak. When the water disappears by boiling. fresh mango.DEFINITIONS IN AYURVEDA is called Kajjal. the resulting lump is called Kalka. Ksharatraya: Javakshar. In the process of mixing you get a shining thing like Kajjal. Kantakapanchamool: Karonda. Palaas. . Satavari and Chridranakh these five are called Kantakapanchamool. Krishnavarg: Kela (plantain). tamarind. Filter and then use it. When dried again another coating of mud is given over it. Kappadmitti: Yellow mud. Ksharapanchaka: Mokhakshar. Tilakshar. Ksharashtaka: Sehud. these are the objects of Krishnavarg. Karela. Then fine pieces of cloth and then the mud is pasted on a glass sheet uniformly. Javakshar. Ksheerapalt: When you want to prepare Ksheerapak of an5rthing take 15 times of milk. Triphala. These are useful in changing the colour of mercury. This is useful in preparing ointment for various eye diseases. Neel. Heat it well. Sajji. This is then hung in a piece of wood and dried well. Palaasakshar. Narsal. Kasees. This is called Kappadmitti. Gokuru. This is called Kajjali. Apaamaarg. This is called Aavap or Prakshep also. bring it down from the fire. Kajiali: Take purified mercury and purified sulphur. Sajji. these are known by the name of Ksharapanchaka. It is then soaked in water. Multani mud or Khadia mud is powdered well and strained through cloth. China clay. Kalka: Any wet thing or any dry thing pasted with water on stone. Katsaraiya. Yava-these are known by the name Ksharashtaka. Mix them dry. Tilnal. Aak. Add equal quantity of water as the object of which Ksheerapak is prepared. Sajji and Suhaga. Kechad. these are called Ksharatraya. Maharas: Abhrak. TWo other authorities in A5rurveda have defined it in 2 other ways. Lahsuriayam. Maaran: Purified metals when treated with different Swaras and when Puta Samskar is performed on fire the resulting ash is called Maaran. silver. Gomed and Munga-these are the nine great jewels (Navaratnas). silver. Vimal. Manik.PRAC-TICE OF AYURVEDA Ksheeratraya: Aak. Laaksharas: Sealing wax tied in cloth is suspended in Dolayantra. Lajamand: The bran of rice is separated and cooked with 14 times water and filtered with cloth. Maharatna: Heera. Maakshik. Peepal. Bargad. buffalo. woman. Loh: Gold. Paakar. Vaikrant. camel. bhed (sheep). black led. Neelam. Then six times water is filled. This is called Lajamand. Some add water 21 times and then prepare Laaksharas. Moti. Ksheerashtak: The milk of cow. copper. When the rice is well-cooked collect the watery portion. This is Mand. Ksheeravriksha: Bargad. Samyak. Mand: Take rice and add 14 times of that waterCook it. Goolar. Paras. copper. . jaggery and honey-these three are called Madhuratraya. Chapal and Karpar are called the Maharas. These are useful in the process called Dhatumaaran. When one fourth water is teft over. Sehud-the milk of these are called Ksheeratraya. Kaansa and brass are called mixed metals. led. Pukhraj. Gold. it is filtered 21 times. Madhuratraya: Sugar.these are called Ksheerawiksha (trees from which milky white secretions are seen when cut). iron are the four pure metals. iron are the six kinds of metals. elephant and horse come under Ksheerashtak. goat. Panna. The urine of the female species of all these animals is meant here. This is done with respect to cow. Nlyaman is a process in mercury preparations done after purifications. Mukh: The process of treating mercury with /uoth part of gold or silver is called Mukh. Mardan: This is the process of puri$ring mercury. Panchaja is the . Medak is the sediment settling down in Asava. Masi: Fill Dravya in a small vessel with a narrow neck. This is thicker than Agal. This drink is called Paanak. Moorchan is the method of puri$ring and getting rid of all the impurities of mercury. sheep. Paanak: Well ripe fruits put in cold water and well mixed with sugarcandy and pepper etc. Keep it on fire. Nirvaap: Any hot thing when cooled by pouring water is called Nirwaap. urine and dung-these five are called Panchaja or Panchagavya. Cover it \ rith Sarav on the top. Mutrashtalr: The urine of cow. The liquid that is got out of it is called Mandh. This is also called by the narne Mandh. This is done with a variety of articles. This is undertaken to reduce the quickly changing nature of mercury. milk. goat. elephant. Panchaja: Curd. Paatan is the special t5pe of purification of mercury by the process of distilling etc. horse. Sattu (fried barley or wheat) fried in ghee to be mixed with water in such a way that the resulting substance is neither too watery nor to thick. ghee. camel. This is used in hot season. The charcoal-like thing that is formed by heating is called Masi. goat and buffalo.DEFINITIONS IN AYURVEDA Mandh: In four tolas of cold water add one tola of medicine and churn it with the churning rod. buffalo. and filtered. donkey is called Mutrashtak. turmeric. meagerly-described. Panchamaahish for that of buffalo and Panchagarya for that of cow. Saindhava salt. Parisnrt Jal: Water distilled and collected drop by drop is called Parisrut Jal. Panchalavan: Black salt. The watery portion of Mand is taken. Peepal. not properly expressed. Jamun. Patang and Mehndi (leaf) these are called Peetavarg and are used in colouring mercury.PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA 230 narne for the five of goat. honey and sugar are the five items in PanchamritPanchapallava: Mango. Peya: There are three kinds of Yavaagu. Some use Sambhar salt and Nausadar also. Then it is made into a sort of paste on plantain leaves and cow-dung. curd. Vijoura and Bael-the leaves of the five are called Panchapallava' They are utilised in GandhaPaak. This is called Parpati. In Sikth both the watery and solid portions are taken. The watery . Panchavalkal (five barks): Bargad. Peeparamool. Goolar. Chavya. Bid salt. Parpati: Kajjali that is prepared out of mercury and sulphur is melted in mild fire. doubtful describing them clearly in a well defined manner is called Paribhasha. Cheeta and dried grnger when mixed in a certain method and proportion it is called Panchakol. One is called Mand. These are also utilised in Abhraka-sattva-paatan' Panchakol: Peepal. Tosu. Paribhasha: That which is indistinct. Oudbhid salt and sea salt are the five salts (Panchalavan). Kaitha. another Peya and third Vilepi. Peetavarg: Kassum. Paaraspeepal and Paakar are called Panchavalkal or Panchaksheeri. Similar in Peya. Panchamrit: Cow's milk. ghee. Valkal is the name for their bark. This is used as a remedy for phlegm and Vaata diseases (rheumatism). One tola of Dravya is pasted and mixed with eight tirnes of water and well cooked. Pramathya is a drink. This drink is called Pramathya. made red-hot and strained. Strain it with cloth. One is called Pradeh. There is another method of preparing this with mercury and sulphur. Prasanna: The watery portion found in Asava on the top is called Prasanna. Phanit is prepared out of sugarcane juice. This is useful in Raktapitta. Prepare Paak on mild fire. plantain or banyan are taken and tied with weak string. . This is Phanit. The pasting should be done nicely' This is called Choorna Pishti or Pishtikaa. Rrtapaak: Those of the leaves from which it is hard to extract juice by grinding. quath (decoction) or Ark. Pishti: Mukta. The leaves of castor. phante. This is called Putapaak Vidhi or method. Pour water with a spoon made of Neem wood. wet and ttrick. they are crushed with water. Satadhoutaghrit: Take ghee or butter in a bell metal vessel (bronze). Trinakanta. When it is well stirred take it out. Six times medicated water is added and cooked and then we get what is called Peya. This is Peya Saarkar. This is Phand. Pravaal all these are well pasted in rose water. It is cooked well and made thick. Pralep: This is avariet5r of Lep. light and also dry. They are then shown in fire. Add twice the quantity of sugar to it. A coating of wet mud is given over the leaves. One fourth part of powdered medicine is added. Stir it well. This is cold. Saarkar: Take Hime. Phand: Well boiling water is poured in earthen pot.DEFINITIONS IN AYURVEDA 237 portion is much more. When only two tolas of water remains get it down from fire. Phanit is prepared in the shape of Avaleh also. Pradeh: There are two kinds of Lep. Cool it and strain it. It is prepared hot. Telvarg: Sesame (Til). Tandulodak: Take one tola of rice uncooked. Suklavarna: Lime. Keep it for four or five hours. This is called Snehapaak. Churn it well. Take away the butter. Trigandh: Gandhak. mother of pearl and Koudi (enamel) are the five Suklavarna. Neem seed and Alsee-oil of all these is called Telvarg. Bhallatak. This is Seethakashaya. Hartaal. Churn it well. Tejpatra-these three are called Trdaat or Trisugandh. Heating the object with water over fire is called Srita. Dhatura seed. Keep it for a whole night. TriJaat: Dalcheeni. Put the medicine in it. Srita: This is observed in Kwath Paribhasa. castor seed. When the bubbles come out during boiling bring it down from there. Add one fourth quantity of sulphur and Hartaal. . Manahsina-these three are Trigandh. This is called Svaras. This is Silatoya. Boil it well.PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA Repeat this process lOO times. Takra: Take some quantity of curd and half the quantity of water. Strain it. Put it on fire and prepare Sneha Siddhi. In the early morning churn it well and strain. Snehapaak: Take Sneha one fourth quantity of medicine Kalka and four times water. Seethakashaya: Take water six times the quantity of medicine. the Kachuprishta. Sankha (conch shell). Put it in 8 tolas of water. Svaras: Fresh herbs put in mortar and well pounded gives out fresh juice. The watery buttermilk which is sweet. This water is called Tandulodak. slightly sour and Kashaya is called Takra. Silatoya: Take a mud pot full of water. Ilaichee (cardamom). Water may be hot or cold. This is called Satadhoutaghrit. mustard. Geru. Apheem-all these are Upavisha. Sehund. Uparasa: Gandhak. Daabh. Upavisha: Kalihari. Phaalsaa-these are Swalpa Triphala. Motha and Chitrak are called Trimad. oil. Yamak: Ghee. Peetal. Sindhur and Silajit-these are called Upadhaatu. Close the mouth. . Kankush-these are the Uparasa. Souvarch and Bid. Gunja. Kasees. Trina Panchamool: Kusa. This is one of the items of Pathyaprakarana. Aak. Bhilaava. Kuchala. Kaans. Trimad: Vidang. phitkari (alum). pour four times water in a pot. Hartaal. Bhang. Anjan. Allow it to remain and become sour. Kambhari fmit. Sonth (dry ginger) and pepper are called Trikatu. Put the barley in it. When one-eighth. rice and black gram all the three cooked together. bring it down. Basaa. Trivrit: Ghee. Khajoor. This is Ushnodak. Kaansa. oil. Ushnodak: Boil water. Dhatoora. Tushodak: Take barley with husk. Kaner. Baheda. Basa and Majja-any three of these is called Trivrit. sugarc€rne root-these are called Trina Panchamool.DEFINITIONS IN AYURVEDA Trikatu: Pippal. Trilavan are Saindhav. T\rtiya. Upadhaatu: Senamaahki. Triphaladwaya: Harra. Roopamaakhi. one-fourth or half the quantit5r remains in the boiling pot. Trisiraa is sesame. Manasila. Sarkanda. Majja-mixing any two of these is called Yamak. When it becomes sour the water is called Ttrshodak. Amla-these are Mahatee Triphala. But in the case of women born in aristocratic families and who take rich and nutritious diet this is seen to continue up to the age of 60. Rajodharma is seen in women to continue till the fiftieth year except during " Tadu the time of pregnancy and after delivery for about six months. . Rajodharma is described in Sushruta-Samhita by Sri Sushrutacharya in the chapter dealing with Saareera-sthana. One fourth the quantity of the Yavaagu is taken and mixed with the quantity of rice that he takes and Yavaagu is prepared. He describes the subject in the following words: ar shat dw aadaastkaale uarthnmaannmasruk putal\ Jara pakua sareeraanaarn gaati panchasatha kshayam-" Beginning with the twelfth Y€ff. Mens means month in Latin. There is a mixture of three kinds of Kalpa.Samhita. RAIO DHABMA (MenstnrationI In A5rurveda menstruation is known as Rajodharma. These changes in the womb take place in response to some functional changes in the ovaries. But in the opinion of Sushrutachar5ra this takes place on account of a peculiar quality of the phlegmatic conterits of the blood. and hence called the monthly course or menstrual flow. Peya and Vilepi- Yavaagu is particular diet in a particular disease (Pathya). This occurs in women every month. They are Mand. In women generally the menstrual flow is seen to exist till the 50th year only. the author of Kasyapa.PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA Yavaagu is a kind of Kalpa. One or the other of the two ovaries produces an ovum every month. the venus blood has the natural quality of dischargrng Rajas periodically. Menstruation is a flow of reddish fluid consisting of blood and other substances. In the opinion of Kasyapa Rishi. the flow stops for a day or so. This napkin is held by a belt round the waist and a suspensory bandage. The female sexual parts should be kept scrupulously clean during menstruation. The girls of rich families who are well-nourished mature sooner than the girls of poor families. The ladies should use sanitar5r towels or napkins to absorb the menstrual discharge. It may vary a litfle in different women and in the same women at different times. Generally weaker women lose more blood than tJe stronger. which lasts generally from the twelfth to about the fiftieth year. In every woman the menstrual cycle is repeated every month from puberty to menopause. The quantity varies in different women.RAJO DHARMA 235 A woman is considered nubile during the menstrual period. in some others in a litfle over one month. The usual period is 28 days. The menopause takes place at the age of 45 or 50. Slight variation should not cause any worry or anxiety. But this is not a rule. . In some women menstruation takes place irl 26 days. In some women it may last only 2 days and in some others as long as a week without any disease. During the period of lactation there is no ovulation and no menstruation in many cases. In some women after 3 or 4 days. Normally the flow is of dark red colour. Then again it manifests and lasts for a day or so. The flow lasts 4 or 5 days usually. In hot countries the girls mature earlier and also the boys. Healthier women begin earlier and menstruate up to a more advanced age than weak ones. Some women begin to menstruate during lactation also. Unclean organs may become a seat of disease. the stage at which the reproductive capacit5r is lost due to old age. specific diet. She feels a sudden wave of heat and perspiration with palpitation of heart and dizziness with a tendency to faint. impulsive and capricious. If she cries during the monthly period. There is headache. Digestion and appetite may be upset.PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA Shortly before the period is to begin usually there is some pain and discomfort in the abdomen and the back. The menstrual blood can have defects similar to semen. Embryolory In the first month the foetus is a collected small mass. tired and heavy. the child will become dull and sluggish. Pradara (menorrhagia). If she sleeps during the day. Nutritive and sweating remedies. the child will contract an eye disease. and to take no bath. Excessive flow of blood during and after the menses is called Asrgdhara. a woman is strictly prohibited from intercourse with her husband. At this period the woman is more excitable. This period in a woman's life is known as climacteric or menopause. In the fourth month all parts of the body and the heart take a . Any disregard of these rules is injurious to the offspring. She should not apply oil or sandal to her body. Menstruation also becomes irregular. At about 45 the functions of the ovaries begin to fail. The menstrual blood is pure if it has the colour of lac and leaves no stains in washed clothes. She should not expose herself to inclement weather. She should not pare her nails and should neither run or speak loudly. The women may feel exhausted. During the menstrual flow. to shed no tears. In the second month it becomes a solid ball. pastes and douches are recommended for cure. There is a general feeling of being unwell. They are not able to produce ova regularly. She is enjoined to sleep on a grass bed. bones. From the father are created the hard parts of the body viz. . When the mother sleeps it sleeps. marrow. This tube is called the umbilical cord. lungs. From the mother are created the soft parts of the body. It takes the shape of a disc. spleen. when she rises it rises. The distance between the upper end of the vagina and the ovarian end of the fallopian tube is 8 inches. antls. The heart of the embryo begins to beat in the fifth week. bladder. sperm. because it does not take for itself any food except the blood of the mother. In the sixth month hair on the head and body. nails. sinews. omentum. nerves. navel. It does not cry because the throat is filled with phlegm. In the seventh month the foetus is provided with all limbs' A child born in this month is capable of living. It contains some veins and arteries. intestines.. It is over an inch thick. liver.ttre blood.RAJO DHARMA 237 definite shape. viz. arteries are formed. It is stored in the seminal bags. heart. teeth. The embryo is connected with this soft and supple mass by a tube through which it sucks its nourishment and discharges its waste products. flesh. kidneys. A new growth composed of blood-vessels develops on the wall of the womb where the embryo has attached itself. It is discharged into the vagina during sexual intercourse. The spermatozoawill take 80 minutes to reach the newly discharged ovum. Semen is secreted by the testicles. nails.. After some time it can be felt by the stethoscope. vessels. peritoneum. rectum. because the foetus is not independent' The foetus excretes neither urine nor faeces. sinews. It is called the placenta. The spermatozoa in the semen travel a distance of one inch in 10 minutes. the hair. retina. bones. The spermatozoa can live for 7 days in the female orgarls. The second month. In the fourth month the differentiation of the limbs is much more definite and well-manifested.. growth and healthy functioning of the male sex organs depends on this hormone. because it is the seat of the senses. attraction towards the female. The sex hormone secreted by the testes gives man his male characteristics. the female foetus is elliptical. This hormone is the cause of the characteristic male feelings viz.PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA The movements of the foetus can be felt after the fourth month. The clitoris in the female is the seat of sexual feeling and sensitive nerves and experiences erection being . the foetus has a jelly like form. A thin membrane forms a sac or bag round the foetus and is filled with liquid. In the seventh it becomes complete with all its limbs. etc. according to Kritaveerya the heart appears first because this is the seat of consciousness.. viz. larger stature than the female. In the first month. In the third month five special eminences are seen and also tJ:e eight differentiation of limbs. The male foetus is spherical. hair on the face etc. The foetus develops its human face by the 4th month. According to Kumarasiras and Saunaka the head appears first. stronger muscles. It is called amniotic sac. deeper voice. This water cushion saves the foetus from external shock and hard pressure in case some thing strikes or presses against the woman's abdomen. The weight of the average child at birth is over 3 seers. love. desire for intercourse. During the ninth month it measures 20 inches. and of intellect and mind. The development. it becomes hard. The child is l/rinches long at the end of the second month and 6 inches at the end of 4 months. In the sixth month intelligence begins to develop. This impulse is weak till he attains his fourteenth year. At puberty the sexual urge begins to assert itself from within even if there are no external causes to arouse it. You will understand now that the whole sexual apparatus of the man and woman is based on a common design. When puberty approaches.RAJO DHARMA engorged with btood when the woman is sexually aroused. Finally it asserts itself with all its intensity. The definite sexual feeling first appears in a child in his eighth year. It is only the sex hormone that causes it to develop into male or female form by checking the growth of breasts in men and penis in women and encouraging the growth of scrotum in men and womb in women' In the beginning the sexual urge is not noticeable' It is latent and dormant. Thymus situated over the heart has an internal sexual secretion and retards sexual development and allows children to grow in stature. But the craving remains till' death. Though a single spermatozoon is only needed to impregnate a woman. In old age it gradually wanes and vanishes. Bartholin's glands in women are the Cowper's glands in men. . It is about 1/soOth inch long. It manifests itself vaguely and then more and more clearly. It can be seen only with the help of a microscope. Even after puberty it takes 4 years for the organs to mature or develop properly. a man discharges 2O crores of them at a time. th5rmus de generate s and gradually vanishe s altogether. ConcePtion and PregnancY Spermatozoon is a very minute worm-like structure with a tiny head and a comparatively long tail. In hot countries puberty is reached a year or so earlier than in cold countries. an internal secretion of the ova4l gives the characteristic feminine appearance. If it is to be a boy.PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA Ovarian hormone. At this stage ovaries and testicles have not been differentiated. if a girl they produce female hormone and begin to develop into ovaries. it has sex organs that resemble those of both sexes. This secretion prevents the growth of hair in her face and helps a woman to develop a broader pelvis. and temperament in a man or a woman is due to the internal secretion or hormone. The first sign of maleness or femaleness appears in the gonads. The ducts of the gonads resemble both fallopian tubes and casa deferentia. When a child in the womb is only a few weeks old. The hormone gives a male or female nature to the t5pe of sexual apparatus and it develops into male or female organs. The development of breasts and other sex-organs is due to this hormone. Gonad is a common narne for an ovary or testicle. When the gonads lean towards the form of testicles. from the position of the ovaries into the scrotum shortly before . Even the perfect male retains the original rudiments of the female sex organs. The stature. There is a very small womb in his abdomen. Both male and female sex organs have a common basis. the gonads produce male secretions and begin to develop into testicles. There are nipples in place of breasts. fatness or thinness. But either sex even when fully developed retains the original rudiments of the opposite sex or of the common sex. they begin to descend from up in the abdomen. growth of hair on the head. larger hips. The whole sexual apparatus is of a common design. Gonad of a young embryo are neither male nor female. The tissues of the gonads produce their secretion and pour them into the blood stream. when the embryo is six weeks old. . sweet. The semen that is capable of generating is fluid. it dies on the 27th day from the beginning of the last menstrual flow. The semen is the product of six kinds of fluids (Rasa). sticlql. Such a union can produce the foetus only when the Atman with its subtle body becomes connected with it by means of its Karma. The sperm is not capable of creating a foetus.RAJO DHARMA birth which is formed as vagina together. whitish. The ormm is waiting for a sperrn to fertilise it. . brown. The sperm and the menstrual fluid must be clean and of normal condition in order to create a normal foetus. because her son will resemble the first man she sees after her bath. 241 if by stitching the lips of the hrberty A boy attains his puberty at the age of sixteen. heavy. If a spern does not reach the ovum within 15 days. He is virile till he attains seventy. They are fully developed now and can create strong progeny. The foetus cannot be produced simply by the union of the semen of the father and the blood (Shronita) of the mother. scant5r. This is ovulation. if it is thin. A young man of 2\ carr marry a girl of 18 years. The cavity left by the ormm is filled up and this rounded solid body is called corpus luteum. At the age of 25 he can bring forth a son. An ovum ripens and is discharged by the ovarJr. if it does not sink in water. she must immediately see her husband. she must wear new clothes and ornaments. frothy. It has the smell of honey and the colour bf butter. After taking bath after the course of three days. The ovulation usually occurs on the 12th day from the beginning of the last menstrual flow. 242 PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA The secretion of the Pituitary gland has a power to make the womb contract itself and expel its contents. The period for impregnation is the first sixteen days after the appearance of the menses. The first four days are not recommended. The best period for conception is from the fifth to the sixteenth day. Conception takes place by the union of the fecundating Retas (sperm, Shukla) of the male with the Rajas or Shronita of the female. Sex of the Child If the conception be on even days-that is to say on the 6th, 8th, l0th or l2th day-the sex of the infant will be male, if on an odd day, the sex will be female. Some are of the opinion that a male child is formed when the mixture has a stronger element of semen and that when R.ajas'of a female predominates a female child is formed. If the semen is divided into two by the local wind twins develop. The sex of the infant in the womb can be determined by certain signs. The form of the uterus is round in the case of a male foetus; the right eye appears larger than the left; the right breast begins to secrete milk before the left; the right thigh becomes more plump; the countenance look bright and cheerful; the woman desires food of a masculine kind and dreams of mangoes and water lilies. She starts walking with the right leg. In the case of a female foetus the form of the uterus is void. There is a medium depression alone the abdomen if it is a case of twins. When the sides of the abdomen become fulland the belly protuberant, and when the form of the womb is hemispherical, the womb contains an impotent foetus or child. RA*IO DHARMA 243 If semen and Shronita exist in equal quantity a Napumsaka or a creature incapable of generating is born. After the period of Ritu, the womb does not allow the semen to penetrate. The mouth closes. If the conception takes place on one of the first three days, the child dies at or after the birth. Or it becomes crippled or short-living. The child becomes blind if the mother uses eye-ointment. It becomes a leper if she anoints her body with oil, becomes deaf if she hears a loud noise. Care in Pregnancy Vomiting in the morning (morning sickness), loss of taste for certain foods, special taste for some other foods, swelling of the abdomen and the breasts are the signs of pregnancy. It is desirable to gratiff a woman during pregnancy with everything she wishes to have. If her wishes are not granted the child may probably become deformed and defective. There will be abortion. She should be kept happy and contented. She should wear nice clothes and ornaments. She should avoid disagreeable sights and smells, and sexual and other excitements. She should take easily digestible food. She should neither remain hungry nor eat too much. She should not touch a dirty, ugly or defective woman. She should not live in a lonely house. She should not have her bed very high. After pregnancy is sure, the ceremony Pumsavana is performed in order to get a son according to the Grihya Sutras under the Pushya constellation when four drops of milk mixed with an extract of Ficus Indica and other herbs are dropped in the right-nostril of the woman as a snuff. She should not allow the fluid flow out. If the PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA 244 husband desires a daughter, he puts the fluid in the left nostril of the woman. Food A woman in her confinement should be very particular about her food. She should abstain from all bodily exertion, from sexual intercourse and from anger. She should eat moderately. A woman can improve her milk by taking green gram gruel for food and a decoction of Patol, Nimba, Asana, Daru, Patha, Murqra, Guduchi, Katukarohini and dry ginger. She may take with advantage milk mixed with black pepper. This will promote the secretion of milk. Powdered long pepper, dry ginger and Hareetaki with clarified butter and treacle, taken in the form of an electuary or confection will assist the formation of milk considerably. A preparation of dry ginger, long pepper, black pepper, the three myrobalams, dhana, Yavani, Satavari, Vacha, Brahmi and Bharsi, given with honey to the child, will accelerate the power of speech and improve the voice. The memory and intelligence of the child can be greatly improved by gMng it an electuar5r of Guduchi, Apamerga, Vidanga, Sankapushpi, Vacha, Hareetaki, dry ginger and Satavari with clarified butter. NOMENCLATURE OF DISEASES NOMENCUTTURE OF DISEASES English Abdominal Sanskrit tumour Abortion Abscess Achylis Dyspepsia or Gulma Garbhasrava Vidradhi Ajeernaroga Hindi Havagola Garbhpatam Puranaphoda Badhajmi Indigestion Amla Pitta Acidity After pains Mukhadooshika Makkal sool Ague Joodi Acne Albino Albuminuria Laalaameha Alcoholism Madatyaya Ksharameha Alkaline urine Anaemea Anorexia Anychea Aphasia Ascites Asthma Atony of bladder Atrophy Panduroga Arochaka Tilkalak Mookatwa Jalodara Swaasaroga Dama Ganja Dakar Saas Kshudraswas Kaas Vidarika Bubo Calculus Asmaree Cancer-Palatal Carbuncle Caries of teeth Talvarbuda Pramehapidka Catalepsy Cataract Catarrah ofnose Linganaasa Cellulitis Cellulitis Chancrehard,s5ryhilis Chancre soft Chicken pox Chlorisis urine) diarrhoea fever Choluria (Bile in Chronic Chronic Goongapan Jalodara Kunchan Bronchitis Cholera Kamla Arochaka Vastikundal Bald Belch Tritiya Jwar Benign tertian fever Black or necrosed tooth Syavadanta Nimesha Blepharsposm Breath Breathlessness Soorajmukhi Prameha Vikar Patharee Krimidantak Sannyas Motiabindu Pratishyaya Kardamavisarpa Mahapadma visarp Phirangopadamsa Upadamsa la.ghumasoorika Matarog Vishoochika Haija Halimaka Haridrameha Atisara Jeernajwar 245 246 PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA Chylurea Pishtameha Co1ic Sool Sool Coma Conjunctivitis Constipation Consumption Aank aana Koshabaddhata Raja Yakshma Kabj Kshaya rog Continuous fever Convulsions Corn Corneal ulcer Coryza Cough Cracks of lip Akshepaka Alasa, Kadar Kaasa Proshta bheda Khansi Hont katna C5rncope Murcha Behoshi Cystitis Mootrasada Day blindness Deafness Pithavidagdhadrishti Badhirya Delirium Pralapa Dermatoses (diseases of skin) Diabetes Insipidus (polyuria) Diabetes Mellitus Diarrhoea Diarrhoea (bloody) Diplegia Diptheria Disease of vagina Diseased milk Diseases of children Eczema Elephantiasis Elongated uvula Emprosthotonus Enlarged lymphatic gland Enlargement of prostate Bakvaas Kustha Udakameha Bahumootra Madhumeha Athisara Raktatisaara Sarvanga vatha Sarkaraprameh Dasth Khoonidasth Mamsatan Yonivyapada Sthanya dushya Balarog Sandhi vislesha Kathurtha kaviparyay Satatajwara Dislocation Double quartan fever Double quotidian fever Tandri Drowsiness Dumb Dyschezia or intestinate obstruction Pravaathikaa Dysentery Swasarog Dyspnoea Mahaswasa Dyspnoea of failing heart or respiration ?#ln" Mamsa Ganthi Sukla Jukaam Jagomeeti Gunga Peches Dama Mootrakrischra Peshab ka lagke Paamaa Khujlee Medoja vriddhi Pheelapav Kandhasunti Antaraayaam Granthi Ashteelaa Hungerpain Granular conjunctivitis Purana bukhar Bhootabhishana Aswakarna Giddiness Glycosuria Goitre Gonorrhoea Gout Bukhar jwara Fracture spiral Gastritis Mrigee Visarspa Granthi visarpa Gulma Bhramaroga Chakkar Ikshumeha Galaganda Ushnavaatha Vaatharalcta Kantamala Sujak Vartmarsha Ret Sarkara Palita Snayuk Danta pupped shoushir Oordhwaga rakta pitta Raktaja widdhi Raktameha Moukhikaratkapitta Khooni Prameha Bhavaseer .247 NOMENCLATURE OF DISEASES Epidemic parotitis Epilepsy Erysipelas Erythema nodozum Excoriated wound Exenthymeta Extra tooth Facial paralysis Fatty tumour Fever Fever Fever Fever Fever Fever Fever Fever (emotional) (Hayfever) (pyrexia) Chronic Hectic inJlammatory malaria malarial (intermittent) Fever Malignant tertian Fever ofevil spirits Fever Fever Fever Fever Fever Fever of lactation puerperal quarton quotadian Traumatic typhoid Fistula Fracture Fracture green stick Fracture Impacted Paashanagardabha Apasmaara Ghruta Visphoda Khalivardhan Akladad Aarditha Lakua Medorbuda Kama-bhaya-krodha.soka Jwara Obshadhicandhaajwara Jwara Jeerna jwara Pralepaka jwara Vidaha jwara Vishama jwara Santata jwara Tritiyaka Viparyaya Sthanyottha jwara Sootikaa jwara Prasoota jwara Anyedlru jwara Chaturthaka Haematemesis Haematocele Haematuria Haemopt5rsis Haemorrhoids jwar Chothia taaP Vaari daa taaP Abhighata jwara Saannipatikajwara Sirsam Bhagandhara Asthibhagna Asthichallika Majjageda Parinaamasoola Gravel Gray hairpremature Guinea worm Gum boil Kaamboo taaP Bhootna taaP Gastralgokenosis. Vasaa Kamlaa Swetakustha Dant Baitna Dooradrishti Ioss of sensibility to taste Chot Visphotaka Mootrateet Kafa azar Loss ofappetite Loss of smell Rasajnana Agnimandya Ghraananaasa Malignant tumour Malpresentation of Arbuda the Foetus or dilficult labour Mammory abscess Moodhagarbha Sthanaroga kopa Mastitis or inllammation of breasts Measles Romanthika Melcna Adhog raktapitta Menstruation Aartava Metiarism Metrorrhagia Kachraili Hichkee Gala Bhaitna Kubja Hurt jacquet Inflammation Paasa marna Peelya Raktpradara Ajeerna .248 PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA Headache Sirassoola Ardhavabhed Parshavata Hemicrania Hemiplegia Hepatitis Yakrudvikar Hernia-Inguinial Antra vriddhi Kaksha Hikkaa Svarabhanga Herpes Zoster Hiccup Hoarseness Hunchbacked Hydrocele H5ryochlorhydrea Hysteria Andawiddhi Idiopathic ulcer Sareera wana Yusaapasmara Impetigo Incontinence Indigestion Infantile eqrthema of Inflammation of the Inflammed knee ear Influenza InsanitSr Insomnia Jaundice Lachrymal fistula Lechen l.eprosy Leucoderma Leucorrhoea Lipuria Lock jaw Long sight Ajeerna Sthriyonki mrigee Badhajmi Ahipootana Vrana shodha Karnashodha Kroshtu ka seersha Sleshmalajwara Kaphkajwar Unmada Nidranaash Kaamalaa Paagalpan Neend na aana Netranadi Alsaka Mahakushta Kilasaa Raktapradara Lala. consumption Pulmonary tuberculosis Piles Piles (bleeding) Pining Plague fever Plenosthotonos Pneumonia Po\pus Niruddhaprakasa Rajayakshma Arga Raktarsa Parigarbhika Granthikajwara Dandapatanaka Sannipaathika Talukantaka Sirotpat Ponnus Presentation Gati Presentation of the head with two hands Kaph Tapedik Bavaseer Khooni bavaseer Mahamaari . Amsasosha Karnasoola Ovaritis Rakta gulma Pratyashteela Paraphimosis Parivartika Kan ka dard Oz-aena Peenasa Naakadurgandhi Palpitation Hridkampa Hridapa dhataken Pappiloma of skin Padmini kantak Paralysis agitans Kampavaat Kamban vaa Paralysis of the tongue Jihvasthambha Javaan bandi Paraplegia Pangu Lulapan Parasitis Kimigranthi Peritonitis due to perforation of the bowel Mahamari Pestilence Phimosis Phlegm Phthisis.NOMENCLATUREOFDISEASES Mico-colitis Miscarriage Mixed calculus Aamaatisaara Mole Mashaka Sandrameha Mucus in urine Mumps (fever) Muscular spasm of hand and feet Myoma 249 Kachcha dast Garbhapaata Pittasmari Karnamoolikajwara Hachappu Khatli Khalli Mamsarbuda Sleshma vidagdha Night blindness Numbness offeet Nyctalopia Paadaharsha Obesity Medovriddhi Drishti micturition Mootraghata Odontitis Dantaharsha Onychia Nakhabhed Ophthalmia Abhishyanda Ophthalmia in children Kukoonaka Opistonos Baalgrayaama Orchitis-Acute Pittaja widdhi Orchitis-Chronic Vaataja vriddhi Obstructed iyeronka sona Mootra band hona Nakoon phatna Osteoarthritis of the shoulder otalgia Ovarian tumour Otitis. Masoorikaa Sarpavisha Cheenk Kshavadhu Upadamsa Vaatakundalikaa Prameha Aswakarna Thook Seetada Samghrani Vandhyatwa Nas chatakna Pechis Aincha . itch Kachhu Sciatica Scorpion poisoning Scrofula Scrotal enlargement Grudhrasee Dad visesh Dadrasie Amovaatha Vrischikavisha Gandamaalaa Scurv5r Virddhi Raktapitta Seminal calculus Sukrasmaree Short-sight Sinus. fistula Sinus Sinus in the gums Sleeping sickness Smallpox Snake poisoning Sneezing Soft Chancre Sore buttocks Spasmodic stricture Spermatorrhoea Spiral fracture Spittle Spongz gums Sprain Sprue Squint-eyed Sterility.250 PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA Prolapsins or head with both hands Prolapsus Psoriasis Pterigium Ptosis Ptyriasis versicolor Puerperal fever Pulmonary cavitation Pustule in the nose (Suppurative rhinitis) Pratikhura Gudabhamsa Kitibha Arm Vatahata vartma Sidhma Soothikaajwara Urakshata Nassapak $rorrhoea Pooyadantha Quarten fever Chaturthajwara Quotidian. Double Quotidian fever Radio ulcer paralysis Rats bite fever Renal calculus Retention of urine Rhagades Urakshat Peep daant Sathata jwara Anyodyauksha jwara Dusredin ka bukar Viswachee Aakhuish Asmari (stone in kidneys) Vaatavasthi (crack in the sole) Rheumatic fever Rheumatism Ring worm Vaipadaik kusth Sandhikajwara Dadrr Daad Scabies. barrenness Gatiyaa Alpadrishti Naadi vrana Nassoor Dandanaadi Nidraavyadhi Seethala. NOMENCLATUREOFDISEASES 25I Stiffneck Stomatitis Stone Stone of phosphotes Stricture of rectum Stricture of urethra Stye Sublingual abscess Sunstroke Suppression of urine Suppuration ofthe ear Manyastambh Mukharoga Patthari Slaishmikasmaree Sanniruddha guda Mootrotsangh Anjananaka Allas Athapavyaapad Amshughata Mootrakshaya Karnapaak Suppurative gingivitis Behoshi Morrchcha S5rnocope Phirangopadamsa Gharme Syphilis Dantasarkara Tartar Tarticolis Avapathikaa Tear in the prepuce Thriteeyaka jwara Tertian fever Dhanushtambha Tetanus Trishnaa Thirst Bas Pakshmasaat Tinea tarsi Kukre Pothakee Trachoma Parigha Transverse Traumatic erysipelas Visarpa Traumatic fever Abhigatajwara Sadyovrana Traumatic wound Pakshmakop Trichiasis Hanuka jakdahat Hanugrah Trismus (Lock jaw) Kaphaja Vriddhi Tubercle Testes Nasvikar Arbuda T\rmour Tumour of the bladder Mootragranthi Aadhmaan Aphaara Tympanitis Vaatasheetla Typhilitis Tlphoid fever Sannipaathikaanthrika jwara Ulceralion of the bowel .Kshatodar Sikatameh Urates in urine Prameha Prameha Urinary anomalies Ulti Chherdi Vomiting Karmakeela Lingarsha Warts Karnaguthak Wax in the ear Chhipki Whitlow Chippala Krimi Worms Krimikarnaka Worms in the ear Katha Wound contused Wound crushed Pinchata Wryneck Yawning Zerodirma Jhrimbha Charmakushta Jambhayi . Puya Visha vartma Trichiasis. Rakta Srava Srava Shleshma-Srava Shonitarsa Shuskrsas Utsangini Vaatahata vartma Vartma-Bandha Vartmasharkara Puyaalasa. watering Chronic dacryocystitis Dacryocystitis with mucoid discharge Soft and fleshy growth on inner lid Follicles Syphilis of eyelid. Entropion.PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA 252 DISEASES OF THE EYES Eyelids Saaskrit Anjananaka Artma Kardama Euglish Arvuda Ashruvartma Bahala vartma Klishtavartma Kumbhika Lagana Nimesha Pakshmakopa Parvani Alaji T\rmour of lid Trachoma Vegetation of small pustules on eye lid Inflammatory swelling of lid Stye Swelling of lids with mucoid discharge (conjunctivitis) Blepharitis Big cyst BlepharosPasm Pathaki Pitta Srava. Ectrapion Small Phylectanular Keratitis Bigger Phylectanular Keratitis Herpes Zoster (a number of red pustules resembling red mustard seeds) Ephiphora. carbuncle Diseases of Sclera and Conjunctive fllrhite part of the eyel Adhimaanasarma Arjuna Lohitarma Prastaryaarma Pishtaka Shirapidaka Shuklaarma Sirajala Snavarma Suktikaa Pterygium symblepherdu Selaritis Fleshy growth Early Pterygium Vesicle on conjunctiva Phylectanular conjuctiva Zerosis conjunctiva white-pterygium Extensive redness Pinguicula Sub conjunctival haemorrhage . suppurative chalasion Ptosis Oedema of the lid A large pustule surrounded by other small pustules covering the entire lid Eczema-swelling with minute holes in it. headache. Hemicrania Swelling of eye due to acid fruits or acid reaction Neuralgic pain Loss of sight. excruciating pain develops. Anterior S5rnechia. reflex pain. silent glaucoma. opacity cornea Ajaka Staphyloma Akshipaakaatyoga Panophthalmitis Sa-wana sukra Ulcer cornea Disease of the tr/hole Eye-ball A-sopha Akshipaala Abhishyanda Adhimantha Amladhyashita Drishti Anyato vata Hataadhimantha Sasopha Paaka Shiraaharsha Shirotapaata Shushkaakshipaaka Without swelling opaque-cornea Ophthalmia Ch. Acute iritis. etc. deformed pupilno reaction pupil. higher grade ofPaunus Deep infl ammation.DISEASES OF THE EYES 253 Diseases of Cornea A-vrana sukra Keratitis. Uveitis Vision cloudy and difliculty in opening the eyelids. Posterior Synechia Small things dim in daytime while clearer in night or cold atmosphere Cataract-glaucoma Multicoloured objects in daytime Objects appear yellow Night blindness . Acute inllammatory glaucoma. Early Panophthalmitis with swelling Redness in the eye with complete loss ofvision. Cyctitis. lids dry and hard Diseases of Dhuma Drishti Gambhirikta Hrasa Jaadya Linga-maasha Nakulaandhya Pitta Vidagdha Drishti Shleshma Vidagdha Drishti hrpil Smolry vision Contracted. Ophthalmia. Optic Atrophy. iritis. Breathing Diflicutty: Camphor and asafoetida pills. Apply a thick ipecacuantia paste. Neem bark or Gulancha. Hip bath with seszrmum seeds. painful affection and irritable states: Decoction of Abelmoschus. Bltes: Venomous and stings of scorpion. Liquor Ammonia is useful. inhalation of the fumes of nitre paper or Datura. descent of: Wash the protracted part. cloves. external application of a bag of heated salt or betel leaves smeared with some oil. Asokamritam. External application of brown sugar is useful in scorpion sting and wasp sting. cinnamon. careful regulation of diet. Suspension or irregularity): Aloes. Bowel Lower. Lubricate the fore-frnger with some oil and push the protracted part into anus. strong coffee. Replace it by gentle pressure with the hand. isafgul seeds or rice conjee. If there is pus apply rice or wheat flour poultice. asafoetida. loss of: Chiretta. Bladder. Avoid all straining when you pass motions. Remain in the recumbent posture. sweet flag root. turpentine stupes or mustard poultice to the chest. hot bath. Amenorrhoea (Menstrual Discharge. Extracts of Gulancha is useful in chronic inflammation of the bladder. count4l sarsaparilla. capsicum. wasps and centipedes.PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA 254 rNpil To qlsEAsEs AND TBEATMENT Abscess: Apply hot water fomentation in the early stage. Asthma: Camphor. Soda also is beneficial. Apply cloth saturated with decoction of galls or Babul bark with some alum powder. Apply vinegar or alum or a strong solution of salt and water. . a cup of hot. Appetite. Wear a pad in the anus. internally. decoction of Abelmoschus. croton liniment. country ipecacuantia. . honey or soda-bi-carb solution soon after the accident has occurred. Infusion of Jatamansi. Aloes for women suffering from irregularity or suspension of the menstrual discharge. debility of: Milk. Burns and Scalds: Apply lime liniment or carron oil. Carbolic oil is beneficial. chronic: Decoction of sweat fl"g. Turpentine stupes to the abdomen. Catarrh or cold: Take hot infusion of ginger. dill seeds or cloves. Dust rice flour thickly over the skin. asafoetida. country ipecacuantia. turpentine stupes. Inhale the vapour of hot decoction of abelmoschus. Colic: Omum water. ice to suck if there are vomiting and thirst. hot water bottle to the feet and hands. Externally rice poultice. infusion of sweet flag. Apply glngrly oil. Chlldren. m5rrobalans and Kaladana for healthy persons. orange juice. syrrp of Iiquorice. Cough: Country ipecacuantia. Inhale the fumes of burning turmeric. Cholera: Omum water. country sarsaparilla. asafoetida. Burning of feet: Apply Henna or Mehandi (Maruttani) poultice. Constipation: Castor oil and Senna for children and delicate females. Prevent access of air to the burnt surface. hot water fomentation on the abdomen.DISEASES OF THE EYES 255 Bronchitis. Habitual constipation is treated by Aloes and sulphur. enema of turpentine or asafoetida. infusion of ginger. Constipation of hysterical females is best treated by Aloes and asafoetida pills. Croton pills or Croton oil when strong and quick purgation is indicated. cubebs. turpentine stupes to the belly. diligent friction of the hand and feet. a dose of castor oil. give cubebs. alum. bael. Gulancha. Mudar. a litfle dried ginger. infusion of Kariyat. Kariyat. Gonorrhoea: Give decoction of Abelmoschus. isafgul seeds or sesamum leaves. Rice conjee for allaying the pain and burning in passing urine. Gulancha or cinchona febrifuge. Flatulence: Give omum water. decoction of sweet flag. Catechu. castor oil or myrobalans. Gleet (Chronic gonorrhoea): Give cubebs.256 PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA Deblllty: Chiretta. sandal wood oil. Balls. capsicum. omum water. Neem bar. A combination of Chiretta or sweet flag root is very beneficial. Give Tulasi tea with a little black pepper. During convalescence give one of the following tonics. infusion of sweet fl"g. Kariyat. decoction of Babul bark. soups containing mucilage of Abelmoschus. galls. Atees. decoction of pomegr€rnate. isafgul. decoction of pomegranate rind. . Give turpentine stupes externally. Diarrhoea: Isafgul seeds with a dose of castor oil. gu{an balsam. country sarsaparilla. Pedalium is useful. In chronic dysentery grve bael. Dnrnkenness: To allay the craving for alcohol give omum water. infusion of ginger or Jatamansi. Butea BUil. Then give medicines as infusion of Pedalium. gurjan balsam. Dysentery: Hot fomentation or turpentine stupes to the abdomen. Dropsy: Purgatives like Kaladana in the young and strong persons. sweet flag root. Fever: Commence treatment with a purgative. Alum injection externally. In the early stage gle countqi ipecacuantia. decoction of Asteracantha which increase the flow of urine. Chiretta. Give an enema of asafoetida. When tJle inflammation subsides. bonduc. Neem bark. galls. vinegar. externally vaginal injections containing Babul bark. alum. chewing ginger or Catechu. gargles containing capsicum. For diminishing or arresting the secretion betel leaves or jasmine flowers. Mosquito Bites. ice. to relieve irritation: Lime juice or vinegar. externally. Catechu. or decoction of Abelmoschus. Hysteria: Asafoetida. Kidney irritable state: Plenty of diluents as decoction of Abelmoschus. Jatamansi. alum. alum. To relieve chordee (painful erection at night) give camphor 2 or 3 grains with a glass of milk. Sweet Flag root. cassia. alata ointment. poultice of Hydrocotyle or Neem leaves. Milk. Gums. ulceration and sponginess: Decoction of Babul bark. Leprosy: Internally chaulmugra oil. Ringworm: Apply borax. and Gulancha with cloves or cinnamon. hot hip bath. gu{an balsam. Apply pressure with finger. unripe Papaya fruit. aloes and asafoetida pills. Piles: Enema of decoction of Babul bark or galls. alum solution. omum water. country sarsaparilla. or lime juice for gargling. isafgul seeds or rice conjee. Leucorrhoea (Whites): Cubebs. black pepper or moringa root. . Hoarseness of voice: Inhalation of the vapour of hot vinegar. Mudar. Hydrocotyle. Lice on the hair: Paste ofveronia seeds. Indigestion or dyspepsia: Chiretta.DISEASES OF THE EYES sandal wood oil or galls. for increasing the secretion: leaves of castor plant oil or of physic nut plant. Haemorrhage or bleeding from cuts: Apply cold water. Kariyat. capsicum and omum water. gudan balsam. Kariyat. galls. Extract of Gulancha. AYURYEPI9 QUoIArloNs A5rurveda is said to be endless and to have three main branches. to relieve pain and burning: Rice conjee. black pepper or pomegranate rind. Catechu. Worms: For tape worm give Kamala. Remove thread worrns and constipation. The discharge may be due to irritation set up by thread worms and constipation. For rela<ed or ulcerated sore throat use gargle of alum. Mudar. Vaginal Discharges: Give injection of alum. salt or turpentine. For thread worrn give enema of lime water. omum seeds. Skin Diseases: Country sarsaparilla. lCharaka Sutra) . Urine. sulphur ointment. m5rrobalan ointment. veronia seeds or papaya juice. asafoetida. decoction of Babul bark. or turpentine. moringa. Spleen Enlargement: Papaya juice. ginger. Mudar' Externally. cassia alata. pomegranate root bark. Throat. kerosene oil or petroleum Spermatorrhoea: Camphor in milk at bed time. A5rurveda has two purposes. galls. turpentine. dry and irritable state: Inhale vapour of hot decoction of Abelmoschus. Tongue fissures or cracks: Use borax or alum gargle. Hydrocotyle. Give hip bath. barley water. orange. inhalation of hot vinegar or simple hot water. Scurv5ri Lime juice.PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA 258 Salivation: Use gargles of alum or borax or Catechu. capsicum. For round worrn give Butea seeds. chaulmugra lime ointment. decoction of Abelmoschus or of isafgul seeds. Syphilis : Countr5r sarsaparilla. tamarind. and Sneha (sweating and fomentation etc.) the Pancha Karmas are to be administered after carefully studying the appropriate time and the suitable dose. Kama (desires) and Moksha (liberation). sweat. dirt. (Charake The essential constituents of the human body consists of Doshas. It destroys itching. creates entfrusiasm and gives strength. The constituting elements of the human body are innumerable because they consist of minute particles (minute cells) which are so numerous and so minute that they cannot be seen by the naked eye or other sense orgErns. again. massage etc. is due to the Eternal Energr (Karma) which by its own nature causes the changes of integration and disintegration. {CharakaVimane The fragrance of a garland of flowers or a handkerchief impregnated with certain drugs is made use of as a purgative for a king with soft bowels. Artha (wealth). Dhatus and Malas. (Charaka Vimanq Charalca Sutral Good health is the vital cause for the practice of Dharma (virtue). Sudha Kalpanl On account of the multifarious complex combinations of the three Doshas the methods of medical treatment may also become complicated. (CharakaSutra) A good bath improves appetite. (Charaka Sareera) Having first made the Doshas exhibit themselves as loose and fit for easy elimination by the previous administration of suitable Sneha (lubrication). prolongs life.AYURVEDIC QUOTATIONS 259 A physician who cannot enter into the innermost Soul of the patient with the aid of the bright lamp of his own knowledge (of Yoga according to a different reading) cannot successfully treat any disease. fatigue. (Charaka Kalpa Sthanam. (Charaka SareerQ The action of Va5ru. generates vigour.. thirst. sleepiness. . mind and sense-orgarls. (VagblntQ Bathing the head with hot water is injurious to eye-sight and that bathing the head with cold water improves eyesight. 5. Pitta and Kapha are the causes of all bodily diseases. Vata. No hot drink or warm water should be taken either before or after taking honey.PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA 260 burning sensation and sin. The qualities of Rajas and Tamas are the causes of mental diseases. Physicians who practice Ayurveda for making a living only give up the heap of gold and run after the heap of dust. The three Doshas. is considered as an impurity of the heart or mind. Just as the trees exist by the strength of the main stem and roots. so also man exists in health by the . Langhanam Param Oushadham-Fasting is foremost of all medicines. Dhattis. 2. The difference is perhaps due to the counting of teeth and nails. Health according to A5rurveda indicates a normal condition of the Doshas. 3. 4. Charakacharya holds them to be ihree hundred and sixty.y to be three hundred. (CharakQ. The minimum age of a girl and a man for a conceivable coitus is 16 and 2O respectively' Bones in the BodY Sushrutha considers the number of the bones in the bod. the seven Dhatus and the various Malas such as stool and urine and the 6 Rasas-these in the normal state hold together the corporal frame. Agni (digestive fire). which. AYunvqplc JorrlNG9 1. as well as a serene state of the body. Malas. The . Jivaka studied medicine in the Takshasila Universit5r under Atreya. Akasagotto. Nalak pervades the remaining parts of the body. The Ayunredic physician of yore knew ages ago many things which are nowadays being brought to light as new discoveries. lower jaw. specific and remote action after digestion. Veerya. and bones of the head. Sankh (bones by the side of the ears). A5rurveda can cure certain diseases for which the Allopathic Pharmacopoeia has no remedy. A5rurvedic Doctors At the time of Atharva Veda there were hundreds of pharmacopoeia. Valaya are bones of the ribs and the back. Vipaka and Prabhava. upper jaw. Tarun bones are those of the nose and ear. Flesh and skin are seen to grow once again. Kapal bones are those above the feet. Ruchak are those of the teeth and those on which teeth are set. Valaya. This classification helps the physician very much in the treatment of diseases. Tarun. Ruchak. Bones are of five kinds.AYURVEDIC JOTTINGS 261 strength of the bones. They are Guna. chemical and physical properties. Great emphasis is laid on the heating and cooling properties. Mirapagandha is a very good substitute for quinine. it is seen that man gets back his original strength by the strength of the bones in course of time. Ndak. They are Kapal. It is a known fact that even when the skin and fleshy part of the body is dried up or injured accidentally. gullet and eyes. Rasa. physicians and an elaborate Classification of dnrgs In A5rurweda drugs and edible articles are classified under five heads according to their food value. a surgeon made surgical operations (Sattha Kamma) on fistula in anus (Bhagandara). the specific or dynamic action of the drugs. leucoderma. Some Useful Remedies Seeds of the marking nut (Bhallatakasemicorpus anacardium) soaked and ground well in cow's urine and the milk of Snuhi (Euphorbium) is strongly recommended internally and externally in 1. antibiotics. juice of the dung of an infant increased metabolism. Powdered lac (Laksha)with goat's milk has been strongly recommended in consumption. In cough with a predominance of Pitta i'e'. They could split . A large number of drugs used in Ayurweda are still awaiting research and discovery. SurgerY in A5rurveda The scientific attitude of Sushruta as a surgeon is astounding. 2. Theywere very sharp. Kutaja and Sarpagandha by scientific analysis. The instruments used for operation were made of best steel. The above samples of treatment show the power of observation and the spirit of research of the Ayurvedic scholars. a critical study of Ayurvedic preparation willbe highlY useful. vitamins. the calf of a cow (drinking its mother's milk) has to be administered with honeY. Yeast and Penicillia Yeast and penicillin enter into the preparation of a large number of Ayurvedic drugs both for internal and external use. Modern scientists too have acknowledged the efficary of certain drugs like Punarnava.PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA 262 action of the food materials depends largely upon the taste (Rasa) and Prabhava. In these days when great importance is given to organo-therapy. bacteriophages and shock therapy. 4. practised cranial surgery with success. The following are some of the commonly seen herbs in India particularly near about the city of Chennai (Madras)-l. to Ptolomy. Punarnava. A cur4r prepared from a mixture of these leaves is very tast5r at the same time. 6. Grafting of skin and live flap of a tissue as in plastic surgery are described in detail. 3. Changeri. the practical utility of Ayurveda is so deeply rooted in the soil that the science cannot be rooted out of the country. Operation was performed very successfully for taking out a living child from the uterus of pregnant mother in distress by skilfully operating the abdomen. He was rendered insensible by a fine powder called Sammohini. The uses of herbs are manysided and highly effective in curing diseases. Matyakshi. Kuppakoora and 8. The last mentioned of them is reputed to be a remedy for rheumatic pains by internal use.D. was recognised. Jeevanti. Even if allthe books of Ayurveda are lost today. Mudakathan. It is said that Emperor Bimbisara sent Jeevaka. 5. Pitta and Kapha. They are very good for health. the brain surgeon.AYURVEDIC JOTTINGS even a hair. They check Vata. namely of cutting the nerve at its root for a quick and radical cure of the disease. . Jeevaka. Some Important Herbs India abounds in herbs. the personal physician of Buddha. They are called Moolikas. Sushruta's antiseptic precautions during and after a surgical operation cannot fail to excite the admiration of the present-day surgeons. Bala. Dissection of the dead human body was very systematically conducted. Laparotomy was performed for the removal of foreign bodies from the intestines. the King of Egpt. 2. 7. In surgical operation Anaesthesia was used. Bhoja Prabandha refers to a cranial operation performed on King Bhojain92T A. Apamarga. The principle of neuro-surgery. These instruments can only measure the properties of inert objects with accuracy. they have enunciated certain hypotheses. One of the purposes of science is to classify the accumulated knowledge. Heaviness or lightness. perhaps they fail to give correct information. is unable to evaluate the subtle theories of Ayurveda. They deal with their effect on Tridoshas-Vata. It consists of a number of disconnected observations. articles of diet and the factors of time and space exhibiting dissimilar properties may be grouped into several categories. They are to be systematised and laws framed which are applicable to them generally. But when they have to deal with living matter. Every substance has some property of the five elements called Bhutas.264 PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA Etderly women of the village are keen observers of nature and its various useful gifts. Ayuruedic scientists formulated certain theories based on their observations. The delicate processes of life are very likely to alter by the very existence of light or even the gentlest pressure exerted by the manipulation of the instruments. They framed laws by the aid of which the herbs. Broad PrinciPles in AYunreda According to the science of Ayurweda. It is they who supply traditional information for research workers today. Pitta and Kapha. These constitute the physical and mental basis of man' To explain certain definite factors observed by the authors of A5rurveda. Modern science. . Their gross materialistic and mechanistic attitude do not allow them to do so. heating or cooling and such other qualities are pointers in practical treatment. \Mith all the delicate apparatus handled by the scientists. there is not a substance which is not a medicine in the broadest sense of the term. Some of these hypotheses are shared in common with allopathy. Some of them are not yet adopted by the modern scientists. It is stated in the A5mnredic texts and we know by clinical experience that drugs having bitter taste (Tikta Rasa). Refined Methods Usually a garland of flowers was fully saturated with powerful purging agents. History says that Buddha was given a lotus to smell when his physician wanted to administer a purgative to him. In olden days in certain cases purgatives and emetics were administered through smell or the fragrance of a medicated flower or a medicated handkerchief. They were able to classi$ almost all the articles of diet according to the taste and smell. their heating and cooling properties. is recognised. When the patient happens to be of a very delicate constitution such as a king with soft bowels these methods are resorted to.AYURVEDIC JOTTINGS 265 Ayurvedic Dictionary The power of the special senses. let it be of any drug or even of an article of food. Pitta-prakriti (constitution) is diagnosed by raw meatish smell and pungent and acid taste and so on. has not been so finely developed in the West as is in the East. They actually published dictionaries called Nighantus codi$ring the results of their observations. according to A5rurveda. such as taste and smelI. Guduchi or Nimba. Mere bitterness. It may be also quinine or such other drugs. as . Modern science has not reached such a stage of perfection that different tastes and fragrances may be analysed by the chemistry or measured by any instrument devised by science. are Jwara Hara or capable of relieving suflering due to fever. The ancient Ayurvedic physicians have been able to differentiate very delicate differences in tastes and smell. Sweet fragrance (Sugandha) improves the digestive power. The bitter substance may be Chirata. pungent and astringent in taste are the least nutritious.. we have to be guided only by A5rurvedic observations. Even the bitter Neem brings forth a sweet fruit in the end. Experience is a better guide in such matters. so as to analyse taste and smell. Charaka is of the opinion that an able physician who can plan the combinations of Rasas (articles having different tastes) in suitable proportions and who can correctly estimate the correct proportions of the combinations of the Doshas and who can apply the . biological or pharmacological experiments may or may not throw light on this subject. Unless modern science advances further. It is then slightly bitter and then gradually develops a sour taste and finally a sweet taste. This is an acknowledged clinical observation. We thus notice a progressive evolution in nature culminating in sweetness. Let us take the analogr of the m€rngo in the various stages of its development. the mango is at first tasteless. They found that substances having a sweet taste are generally more nutritious than sour and saltish substances. Combination of Tastes (Rasa| Ay. They have also found that substances which are bitter. It is no surprise therefore. The fruit utilises more and more of the sun's rays and more nourishment from the soil and air from day to day and so on. Modern chemical. It is a fine art.266 PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA having the property of reducing fever. We observe that in the very tender stage. tJrat mango as a fruit with sweet taste has more energising elements in it than in early stages of astringency. Ayurvedic experts found that there is some order in the apparently dissimilar substances having different tastes. bitterness and sourness. but these facts are well known.rveda is more than a science. Then it is astringent. The constitutional tendencies of the Tridoshas which are natural to every man do not ordinarily harm .. that those who live a hard life generally keep good health in spite of certain irregularities that occur in their life. sSrmptoms or treatment of the several diseases. The future constitutional type of an individual is thus determined for him even at the time of fertilisation of ovum in the mother's womb. Medicine is a double-edged sword with its own injurious effects affecting the particular system. But. It is a life-long concern. Pitta and Kapha. is an inherited condition that can hardly be altered.AYURVEDIC JOTTINGS 267 suitable Rasas in such a way as to bring about the harmony of the Doshas. Their very mode of life keeps the Doshas in a subdued state. Others have delicate health and are ever easily liable to disease. The difficulty of the use of purgatives etc. In so doing. It is of very great significance in determining the conditions of health and disease in man. they have to take care to use such of the articles having Rasas which are the antidotes of the predominant Dosha that is natural to tl:em. Sareera-prakriti. those in whom any one of the Doshas is predominant have to keep up the Tridosha equilibrium. From the moment of conception some are equibalanced in respect of the Tridoshas-Vata. Those who have an equilibrium of the Doshas enjoy perfect health. Those who have the equilibrium of tJ e Doshas may use any article having any of the six Rasas. Constitutional Tendencies Charaka holds the view. to keep up health arises in the case of t}re lazy and ease loving. The Tridoshas Individual constitution. cannot fail to determine the causes. They do not suffer from diseases ordinarily even if they take wrong food. 3. 2. excessive food.264 PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA an individual because they are habituated to the changes of increase or decrease of these Doshas from birth. Predominantly Kapha constitution or anabolic type. This can be said to be the result of Poorva Samaskaras of the individual. . Sama constitution or balanced-type. The usual purificatory processes such as purgatives.. They are: 1. Predominantly Pitta constitution or catabolic type. Four Importalrt Constitutions A knowledge of the constitution or the personalit5r factors is very important both in physiolory as well as patholory. They are not affected by diseases to which others of sedentar5r habits easily fall a prey to. These constitutional factors affecting one's personalit5r are classifred into four t5pes in A5rurveda. 4. A11 the traits and qualities of the individuals are due to these inherited tendencies. They need only the use of oils occasionally to protect them for the exposure to heat and air. Predominantly Vata constitution or nervous type. are not necessary for them. But when the time of death comes those Doshas exhibit themselves in a disproportionate manner and cause his end. Diet Those who are used to regular manual labour have a keen appetite and their food is also not fatty (Rooksha). etc. For example we see that the poison in which an insect lives all its life does not injure it. They keep good health. They subsist with his life and end with his life. Their power of digestion is very good due to their physical exertion. The good effects of manual labour keeps their Doshas suMued bytheir exposure to sun. In this there are innumerable permutations and combinations. air and heat. although it may be a deadly poison to others. In fact. If at the present moment it is not functioning so efficiently now the doctor is not . Doctor's PersonalitY The physician should develop to a high degree his personality by steady concentration and by the acquisition of the superior knowledge. Sattva is light or purit5r. One may like to term this as personal magnetism. It is here the faith and confidence of the patients work' This faith goes a longway in the curing of a disease.AYURVEDIC JOTTINGS 269 every man or woman is a type of his or her own. It removes fear and infuses faith. The Patiert's Confidence One may argue that the gastro colic reflex was responsible for causing the action. How is the reflex produced?The patient's mind has been influenced by the personality of the doctor. This will enable him to command the respect and confidence of his patients. Their mental factors depend upon their Sattvic. Rajas is emotion or activi$r and Tamas is depressing bewilderment or stuPefication. The same medicine which works very effectively in the hands of an able doctor does not do so well in ttre hands of his assistants. If the experience of such doctors and patients are recorded. it will cover the pages of big volumes. It is said that a paralytic patient could be made to walk in the state of what is called hypnotic trance. Every doctor will know this for himself. The patients develop a superior faith and confidence in the doctor which they cannot in the case of others who might be equally qualifred. It can raise or reduce btood-pressure. It has the power to control the vasomotor system of the patient. The success of the physician depends mainly on this. Rajasic and Tamasic natures which go to make up their constitutional make-up. Instances of such cures are numerous. Such an unshakable faith can cause even organic changes in the patient's body. In the present the doctor depends more on his instruments. very easy. A doctor with a working knowledge of the Yoga system of the ancient seers can do this more effectively than others who merely place more confidence in mere personality. Only advanced Yogins can do this. He may succeed ih treating many diseases with nominal medicines or even no medicines. They are blinded by the modern scientific researches and scientific inventions. Of course the help of science can be taken to a certain extent for certain observation. laboratories and dnrgs than the development of his intuition and soul-force.PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA developing his superior personality by training his mind and senses. he is able to find many ready-made prescriptions with the few drugs that he has at hand. We should realise that the science of A5rurveda is Adhyatmic in effect. Glamour of Science Influenced by the glamour of the Western science many doctors look down upon the ancient system of A5rurveda. They were very regular in their daily Sandhya. the harmony of the body and the mind. The instruments that we use should be our serwants but not our masters. The doctor or the Guru sends Pranic currents by his mere Sankalpa and effects a cure for many diseases. In other words it points to the science of the soul through the upkeep of the physical body in perfect order. In the Yoga science we have what is called Pranic healing and Sakti-sanchar. When one develops the power of intuition.. Ancient Ayurvedic doctors were highly advanced in soul-force. . pooja and Svadhyaya.e. When one realises the importance of the equilibrium of the Doshas i. diagnosis and treatment become very. It is the science of sciences. You will be free from old age." Hearing this the Aswins after deep thought replied. Kindly prescribe for me some such body ' -.dicit. great one of excellent virtues and unrivalled penance! "o Weltratt give you a prescription for a rare tonic' By this the entire humanity will be benefited. Fresh Myrobalan (Amla) forms the prominent . The time for the preparation of this Rasayana is winter and spring seasons. With this object in view he invoked the divine Aswini Kumaras. The Rishi paid homage to the Kumaras and said.-There will be new flow of blood. Pleased with the invocation of the Rishi. This medicine will acquire world-fame and will be famous by your name' By taking this medicine your body will be rejuvenated in 30 days. At one stage he found that his body was weak due to the great penance' His desire for penance was still fresh in him' So he thought of finding out some method by which he could improve his health.AYURVEDIC JOTTINGS 271 MAHARSHI CHYAVANA AND CIIYAVANA-PBASH Those devoted to the Science of A5rurveda and followers of this great science look upon Maharshi Chyavana with great respect and adoration. "O Divine healers! I did and acquired great mental powers but my great penance -is weak. unprecedented tonic Chyavanaprash for the good of humanity. by taking which my body will resume its long to pursue the purpose original strength and maylive of my life. During these seasons the medicines will be fresh and highly benefrcial in their effects." So saying the Kumaras disappeared. Once Maharshi Chyavana practised severe unbroken penance for a very long time. the Aswini Kumaras appeared before the Rishi and enquired him of the reason for his summoning them. It was he who invented the unrivalled. This tonic is one of the excellent gifts of Rishi Chyavana unto mankind. You will be filled wiih new vigour and vitality. A detailed description of this tonic can be had from Charaka Samhita." By the use of this wonderful drug Chyavana never became old. It wards off a number of diseases. D arusita. By the spreading of the knowledge of this wonderful tonic. The unripe fruit cures Vata. Properties: The Bilwa is bitter. etc. It keeps the person in good health. pure honey.272 PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA ingredient in Chyavanaprash. astringent and dry. kishmish.re some of the general properties of the Bael. Maharshi Chyavana prepared this tonic as per the instructions of the Aswins. Dashamool. After administering the medicine on himself the great Rishi regained his health. Pippali. It wards off debility and builds the body wonderfully. Kapha. Ashtavarga. cardamom. This is a wonderful preventive tonic. bronchitis and consumption. Vams aks he eri. Rishi Chyavana. indigestion. Nagakesar. Chyavana did a great service to humanit5r. This keeps the three humours in equilibrium. form the important ingredients in this tonic. It cures all diseases caused by Vata (wind) and gives strength to the body. The Charaka Samhita (l-221 says: "Asya prayogan Chyauanah Suuriddho'bhoot Punaryuua" "By the use of this. Pure sugar. This is stomachic to a higher degree and causes constipation . certain portions of the tree possess special properties. He became a youth once again. ghee. It is very useful in Asthma. rHE HLWA_IFEE: lrQ P_R_9_IEBTIF9 AND_USES The Bilwa (Bael) tree grows in almost all parts of India irrespective of the nature of the soil. difficulty in breathing.. though old. causes constipation but promotes digestion. stomach-ache and dyspepsia. once again regained his youth. sandal. Though the above mentioned a. leaves. Such drops of oil. The same oil warmed and poured into the ear will cure earache. if collected. The fruit. Take a well cleaned root of Bael and at one of its tips ro11 a piece of silk and after dipping that portion in oil. set fire to the tip of the root holding it in such a way as to allow drops of the oil from the burning part to fall down. suppuration that is caused in the ear and deafness' The decoction of the root is useful in intermittent fever. A decoction made out of the root of Bael with the tuberous root of Padha(cissempelos pereira) will be efficacious in persons suffering from piles. The very same preparation is found to be useful in cases of dysentery and diarrhoea. Eight ounces of oil mixed with 32 ounces of the express juice of Bilwa leaves. The leaves possess the excellent property of alleviating diseases caused by Vata and Kapha. vomiting and thirst. cooled and poured into the ears will cure ear-ache. fruits and flowers out of which some of the simple preparations may be enumerated.THE BILWA TREE: ITS PROPERTIES AND USES 273 more than the root.\rill have splendid results if applied on the head of persons suffering from nasal catarrah and diseases of the ear. the mixture boiled till the water is completely evaporated and the oil got out of it. Uses: There are various medicinal preparations making use of the root. In Kerala. and when diluted with water or honey. the roots are used for medicine after casting away the bark on it. it is highly-praised remedy in catarrah and feverishness' a . The flowers of the tree are found to cure diarrhoea. The fresh juice of the leaves is given with the addition of black-pepper in anasarca with costiveness and jaundice. '. flowers and the leaves are also medicinal. A decoction made out of the root of Bael with dried ginger and roasted paddy if taken in small doses will cure vomiting. Parts Used: The root of the tree is the most important. The unripe fruits. Mix rock salt (Saindhava Namak)with one teaspoonful of this juice and put it into the nose or ear of the patient. Its root is cathartic (that which causes violent purge). Therapeutic Uses: The juice of the fresh leaves is a reliable emetic and is used in Group (cough with guru. The Varthi is to be made out of the leaves. i. They possess very many medicinal properties which are astonishing. Though in almost all cases the fruits of the plants are found to bewith the best results while they are ripe. KpPPA[!4Nt Indlan Acal5qpha.. When the juice is used as Nasyam it relieves insanit5r. guru). One of the very commonest and very useful drugs which grows in abundance ever5nvhere is Acalypha Indica. if sun-dried will be far better. Cat's Stnrggle I Telugu: Kuppi chettu Malayalam: Kuppamani ( Sanskrit: Canarese: Arittamanjaree Hindi: Kuppigida Kuppi Latin: Acal5rpha Indica There are many indigenous drugs which will work wonders and of which we are quite ignorant.e. Milk boiled with the pulp of the fruits taken in according to digestion will cure dysentery. a . the leaves are to be turned into a cigarette and to be inserted into the anus of the child. the unripe are more medicinal. It is a valuable laxative. It cures snake-bite or insect poison.-1 274 PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA There are manypreparations that could be made out of the fruits also. The pulp inside the fruit taken and a confection made out of it in combination with Amita (Tensopora cordifolia) with a little honey will suddenly stop vomiting. This was for long time a Yogic secret. It can be used as Varthi for a free motion to children. This possesses hypnotic effect. Laghu Sodhanam. CANCER 275 The important thing to note is its effect on scorpion poisons. The bleeding continues and it assumes a serious condition Slving rise to enorrnous pain. bile and phlegm) and bythe contraction (Sankocha) of blood there arises a kind of stiff fleshy growth in the particular place. This is called Sanghatika or Raktajanya Arbud. This is caused by the impurity of blood and various other diseases. You will have a radical cure. Apply the juice of the leaves with Ananthavairava and Seethamsurasa (both Ayurvedic Preparations) and take three or four fresh leaves internally. There are six kinds of cancers. Thus the cancer patient loses much of his blood and gradually he becomes pale in colour. . In the latter case there is bleeding. CANCEB (Rakta Janya Arbud) Cancer is a very painful disease. one of the foremost exponents of Ayurveda describes it thus: On account of the unbalancing of the three humours in the body fVata. This is seen to affect mostly the private parts. the breasts of women and the armpit. Pitta and Kapha-wind. This boil remains stiff as well as soft. Achaqla Sarangadhara. When cancer affects the fatty portion of the body it is known by the narne Fatty Tumour and when the flesh is affected it is called Myoma. It is also called Malignant tumour when it is acute. the tongue. Susrutacharya has described cancer thus: The patient whose sex organ is covered by boils of black colour and small pimples of red colour attended witfr severe pain then it should be known that he is suffering from cancer. Powder these welI. one tola of Harad (Myrobalan). oil. curd. In the absence of Triphala the juice of Bringaraj can also be used for cleaning. Clean the cancer with Triphala water first. It kills germs. fresh mooli. Diet Great care should be taken in respect of diet. one tola of seed of sirees. 4 tolas of T\rlasi leaves. Do . arbi. Take one tola of Rasanjan (Rasaut). Mix 4 Chataks of pure grngily oil. When the water is evaporated bring it down and preserve it in a glass vessel. Take 4 tolas of Daru Haldi. Sendanamak. and Raktachandan each. Take 22 tolas of honey and mix the powder well. Powder them well. Darwee tel is also very useful. This will become an ointment. Heat it in slow fire. Filter it. Doorva. apple. It should be pure and SatMc. old rice. When the decoction is reduced to 16 tolas get it down from the fire. Avoid jaagery (gud). Take barley. Take half a tola Mulati. chillies. meat. Mix it in 5 tolas of honey. Chandanadi lepan is also another effective medicine. onions. A decoction of Triphala or margosa leaves (Neem) if drunk both morning and evening is very usefuI. 4 tolas of Mulati and 4 tolas of Haldi.276 PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA Treatment It is advisable to treat the disease in the early stages. Prepare decoction in 64 tolas of water. Apply this oil twice or thrice daily with cotton wool. moong (green gram). Make a fine powder of all these. Sariva. karela. There will be no pus in the wound. Keep it in a glass vessel and apply it to the cancer twice daily. anar. pickles. Then apply the above ointment twice daily morning and evening. parval. wine. black gram. kakdi. The cancer should be cleaned at first with a decoction of Triphala. It is prepared as follows. garlic. At first the patient should be given a purgative. By excessive fasts. Every movement of the body is related to the vibration of Vata. by loss of semen. by taking in stale and cold foods. by over-exertion.LUMBAGO 277 not sleep in day time.rigil. LUMBAGO Of the three humours Vata. Three different bones join at this point. Eighty different types of diseases are seen to arise out of Vata alone. do not wake at night. Here. Cause Irregular and wrong diet and living cause the disturbance of the three humours and rheumatic pain takes hold of the body. Bhallataka with milk and ghee and with grape juice as diet has been found to be very useful in cases of inoperable cancer. by cold water baths and by excessive fat in the body. In the development and growth of the body. by accidental hits on vital parts. the Nadis carrying the different kinds of air (Vata) are disturbed in their normal function and cause the pain. Vyana (one of the five branches) takes a prominent part in the development and growth of the organs. worries and anxieties. by old age. Vata functions by dividing itself into five different branches. by constant sitting in one and the same posture. Pitta and Kapha. by exposure to cold-draughts. Vata (wind) sets the first place. Lumbago is one of the eighty diseases due to Vata. by cares. by excessive jumping and activif. . This particular part is called Trikasthan. They bestow health and longevity. by restraining calls of nature. by excessive. Do not suppress calls of nature. Lumbago is seen to affect the back hip portion of the body where there is a combination of several Nadis. lumbago is caused. Lumbago. The condition of a convalescing person after a particular disease becomes very delicate. milk. aggravation pain in the hip region. dry fruits like grapes and dates.. It is also caused by carelessness after the cure of any chronic disease. External Treatment: Apply Mahanarayana Taila' to the affected part and massage thrice daily. By wrong diets. Hot fomentation with cotton pad can also be given. Symptoms General pain all over the body. palak. green grerm. a of decrease in the vigour of the senses. After massage. change of climate etc.278 PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA This trouble is seen to be aggravated in rainy season and winter and autumn as well. honey. both mixed together can be . the digestion gets impaired and this is followed by rheumatic disorders. Drinking cold water during meals is harmful. sleeplessness. During this treatment the patient should completely relax in bed. tomato. Treatment The patient should avoid exposure to cold and excessive walking. ghee. The patient should have good rest and maximum relaxation. arhar dal. Cold and sour articles that have a tendency to aggravate rheumatism should be avoided. Lumbago is an immediate effect of this. massor gram. Wheat bread. Regular sleep at night and ample sweating gives relief. tastelessness a. Fresh fruits and light and easily digestible food should be taken. and Mahanarayana oil 2 tolas. parval. and old jaggery can be given. mild pain as the limbs move. This annoylng disease gives more trouble in old age. peas.re some of the common sSrmptoms. Dalia. laziness. thrice daily. Nternate Treatment: Vishagarbha Oil9 tolas. the affected part should be well wrapped with a woolen cloth. Apply a coating of Shilajit over the affected part. This is a very effective remedy. three hours prior to food. Repeat the process once in three hours. Shilajit quickly reduces pain. Mildly heat them over a genfle fire in an iron pan. morning and evening. since only at night.LUMBAGO 279 used for massage. This cures the eighty different tSrpes of diseases arising out of Vata. Continue the treatment for two to three days. the patient gets severe attacks of lumbago. It can also be glven with two tolas of fresh cow's butter or one ounce of pure honey. Tie the hot salt in a woolen cloth and foment the affected part slowly. Ask the patient to lie down \Mith the painful part facing downwards. Massaging at bed time is very effective. TWo such decoctions can be prepared so as to keep the vapour treatment continuous. twice a day. This should be continued for at least a week hre ShilaJit Treatment: Administer 4 to 8 rattis of pure Shilajit. Shilajit is powerful enough to cure the rheumatic affections of the bones even. Treatment by sea-salt: Powder half a seer of sea-salt and heat it in an iron pan. Simha Vasa Treatment: Warm half to one tola of Simha Vasa (Lion's Fat) over a gentle fire. cow's milk. Internal Treatment: Administer Mahayograj Guggulu. Fomentatlon with Castor-leaves: Collect old and new leaves and apply fresh cow's ghee on them. in the morning and at bed time. Massage the affected part and wrap it as before preventing exposure. of fresh Akasavalli herbs in one and half seers of water in a lead-coated vessel. Vapour treatment: Boil to three-fourth 8 ozs. with one pav of pure. Cover the lead vessel (after removing from fire) with another clean vessel and make the steam coming out of the boiled leaves to strike the affected parts. Give one pill each time with one pav of hot cow's milk. When the . morning and evening. This is useful in all pains arising out of rheumatism and phlegm. How to get rid of these excess of salts? Reduce your daily allowance of common salt. To cite an instance. little by little. This rejuvenates the tired nerves. The excess will be appropriated and made use of in the economy of nature. Remove the boiling milk from the fire and filter. and an enduring frame. withhold it. The men of tl is age. lifeless.280 PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA to the affected part. Keep the milk in a lead coated vessel. It brings fresh strength to the body and cures lumbago without a trace. Add to the boiling milk a tola of Pippal powder. Add sugar. we all know. are puny. Take this instead of the usual food. for the whole day. Continue this treatment for two weeks. Then apply cotton fomentation over it. To prescribe a saltless diet for a long period for men of such nature is really a torture. SALTTESS DIET The Pathgamor saltless diet was intended by our old doctors of antiquated ages for men of robust constitution. In these cases Pathyam is an incalculable boon and a blessing. The native doctors of the present age have entirely failed to comprehend the spirit underlying it and as a routine treatment they prescrlbe Pathgaminvartably in almost all cases. who were like Rakshasas. living skeletons. Milk Treatment: Heat on a mild fire three seers of fresh goat's milk. The Pathyam is no doubt of much use and advantage in certain cases. Have a number of leaves and continue the leaves become hot enough. Do not take any other food. good physique. Tie the hot leaves over the affected part. in gout and rheumatism certain salts as urea and uric acid accumulate in the blood in enormous quantities. Let the patient be put on saltless diet. You must know that salt is an indispensable . half a tola of Kesar and half a Masha of Sont powder. apply them fomentation for half an hour. Cover the part well with a blanket. Alcohol is a poison and proves highly deleterious to health by its injurious action on the liver. These native doctors are practicing the ancient Dutch custom of killing prisoners guilty of capital offenses by feeding them on food which contained no salt. Failure to answer the calls in time poisons the system and exerts as bad an effect on the health of man as an obstructed drain or a sewer and retention of solid refuse of a town on the health of the communit5r at large. Being aware at night is a strain on the nervous system. these are the causes of illness. nerves. putting off answering Nature's call. blood vessels and stomach. Sexual excess shatters the nervous system altogether. semen. save that of contracting a disease. Disease manifests. excessive venery. When the Dhaht and Rasa are disturbed. CAUSES OF DISEASES Immoderate drink. Overloading the stomach upsets digestion and causes loss of tone. The passion wastes the nervous powers. Sleeping in the day-time is unnatural and it interferes with the sleep that naturally supervenes after day's hard labour. Pitta (bile) . chgle. etc. But these poor innocent persons have not committed any serious crime at all. serious or otherwise. Whentheir equilibrium is upset. Theg are blood. Rasa rs chgle.CAUSES OF DISEASES 2al requisite to keep up a healthy condition of the body and the absence of it in food soon leads to a morbid state of the body. The seuen Dhatus support this bodg. sleep by day and wake by night. WhenVata (wind). Vaishamg a b disturb ance. overloading the stomach. sweet. etc. They are food. Food has very great connection wittr the building of body. In fact a man's nature itself is dependent on his food. "Yuktaahara viharasya"-the food and recreation should be moderate. Rajasic and Tamasic foods like meat. There are many schools of thought regarding diet. Pitta is Sattwa (fire). The Sruti says. Disease manifests. Measured food maintains the body in good condition. A1l the three are very important for health. nYa eva dehasya samaavivriddhyaista eva doshaa vishamaa vadhaaya"-those articles of food which go to build up the bodywhen taken in abnormal quantities become cause for its destruction. For a child there is the mother's milk to live upon. It is said. When their equilibium b upset. €BBS. It is this Ojas Shakti that is the greatest treasure of man. which do not upset the working of the organs and do not give room for diseases to make their appeara. easily digestible food builds up the body and bestows long life. fhrs xs according to Agurueda. Food is very important for the growth and maintenance of the body. Rishi Charaka says: Those foods. They build up the body and supply the necessary vitamins. they are fit to be taken. juicy. THE THREE PILIARS !N AYIJBVEDA Rishi Charaka has drawn our special attention to the three important pillars of the body. But simple.282 PRAC-TICE OF AYURVEDA And Sleshma (phlegm) are dbturbed. Vata us Ray'as. He can make himself . sleep and Brahmacharya. and keep the body strong. The food is converted into blood and then to what is called the Ojas Shakti. make the body weak and an easy prey to diseases. Some months after birth the child begins to take solid food in addition to mother's milk.nce. Sleshma (Kapha) is Tamas. The digestive fire remains active.. Loss of Veerya is the cause of many diseases. you can keep up youth. Sleep The second most important pillar of the body is sleep. fear. You will be free from diseases. They also suffer from tastelessness. Bhishma. loss of vigour. Much of the digestive process takes place in sleep at night. reeling of the head. weak digestion.THE THREE PILLARS IN AYURVEDA strong and 283 full of vigour and vitality. You can have mastery over old age. You derive new strength. man attains power. They suffer from Prajagar. because the digestive fire is weak at this age. a Naishtika Brahmachari (throughout his life). Brahmacharya The preservation of the vital enerry (semen) is Brahmacharya. power and vitality. early death. Sleep confers joy and happiness and the much needed rest. swoon. Veerya is the subtlest essence of food. forgetfulness. With the preserwation of Veerya. they are subject to sorrow. who go to bed at very irregular hours. In Veerya there is a predominance of Sattva Guna (purity). vigour and rest in sleep. etc. torpor. He works wonders with the strengtJr of Ojas or the power of Brahmacharya. In old age. It removes the weariness of the hard day's labour. had death under his control. and various other diseases. By the preservation of Veerya. Such a marl becomes famous in his life. It acts as a tonic to the tired nerves. Those who are not regular in their sleep. head-ache. . it is advisable to rest for half an hour after food. By Veeryayou can increase your life-span. By sleep the old man finds it easier to digest his food. Sleep is considered to be evolved out of the power of Vishnu Maya. pain in limbs. pain in the body. glow in the face and keen memory. pain in the eyes. etc. breaking of voice. excessive flow of tears. in the same way Veerya pervades the whole body. digestion of food and all such functions of the body derive strength from Veerya. the senses. Happiness in life depends upon the control of the senses and contentment. {Charaka SutraJ) . The attention to the part or organ assumes gfeater importance than the consideration of the whole man. The methods of investigation in Ayurveda are more synthetic leading to oneness. strengthening it from within. whereas the tendency in Modern Medicine is more analytical leading to dissipation of ideas. He becomes unfit for this world and also for the other world beyond. Adwaita. Pervading the entire body. which should be set right by adjusting or repairing the damaged parts. just as sugar (sweetness) penzades the entire sugarcane. the mind and the soul. and any disease was considered to be a breakdown in the machine. which are the sources of knowledge in the Modern Sciences. Just as butter is pervading the entire milk. Veerya protects it from all diseases. AYURVEDA ALTHOUGH ANCIENT IT CAN BE EVER NEW SOURCE OF KNOWLEDGE In addition to the methods of experiment and observation. Ayurveda accepts concentrated meditation and intuition fYoga) as a method of acquiring knowledge. The mechanistic view of man prevailed progressively during the last two or three centuries. The power to contract and expand in the various parts of the body. A5rurveda considers marl as a complex and inseparable combination of the material body. just as oil pervades in seasarnum seeds. He who relies solely on observation. thinks more of differences than of similarities. There is no part of the body where Veerya is absent.PRAC]TICE OF AYURVEDA Such a man leads a miserable existence. man has mind.Manaua is one who has a mind. Manas. Pitta and Kapha are the nutritive fluids that feed the living organisms through the nervous. The constitutional factors leading to emotions are due to Rajoguna. The physiolory of A5rurveda begins where the physiolory of Modern Science . Trigunas. digestive and lymphatic systems respectively. which deals with his mental and physical states including the effects of the vitamins. Tridosha Theory Vata. It is often transmitted to the offspring. Their equilibrium is health and imbalance is disease. He has the power of thinking and deciding his future conduct. these theories are very helpful to the diagnosis and successful treatment of the multifarious diseases of the mind and the body. The constitutional factors leading to equilibrium or harmony are due to Sattwaguna. toxins.AYURVEDA The Factor of PersonalitY Unlike the machine. Vata is constituted predominantly of Rajas. Clinicalty. These theories represent the synthetic psychosomatic conception of man. hormones. The mental and physical characteristics of every individual in health and disease are determined by the predominance of one or the other of these three qualities. Pitta of Sattwa and Kapha of Tamas. antibodies and all factors relating to the self and the environments of time and place. The decision depends upon the personality of every individual. Triguna Theoty Constitutional traits or inborn tendencies or categories into three qualities are classified in Ayurveda called Trigunas. The constitutional factors leading to inertia are due to Tamoguna. which is unborn in all living creatures and persists as long as the organism lives. Even the illiterate people and particularly women in India understand theories which they apply in their daily life. This means that the Ayurveda deals with both the known and the unknown as well. asafoetida and musk. The people are able to classi$r the s5rmptoms of the predominance of Vata. which are like axioms as A5rurveda is concerned. Modern Medicine appears to be concerned . pepper. The practitioner of Modern Medicine refuses to understand them. According to Ayurveda. This brings about the equilibrium which makes the invading agent powerless to grow in the unsuitable soil. whose properties are well-known to them. pitta and Kapha respectively and apply some domestic remedies such as ginger. because he has lost his moorings in the Indian Culture on account of the bias that he has been taught to acquire by his new education. Modern Research should help to enlighten us on the rationale of these domestic remedies. garlic. through its philosophy. when they have to deal with living matter. The theories of A5rurveda have not been so far verified by modern research. Further research is sure to establish the truth of these assumptions. some of which are not yet recorded in the text books on A5rurveda. It all depends upon tJ e capacit5r of the physician to discover and utilise the available material as a medicine or as an article of diet or otherwise. Neem.286 PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA ends. because the instruments of Science have their own limitations. Immunity is thus acquired in many instances. to check the respective fault in the earliest stage (Ikiyaakaala) of the disease. there is nothing in this world which may not be used as a medicine-Na Jagati Anotshadham (Charaka). Domestic Medicine It is not always that the aid of the physician is sought in our countr5r immediately after the appearance of the first symptoms of disease. Asanas. our ignorance of colossal. mind and intellect are the seats for these 'emotions. a system of organisation of the whole human life into defrnite self. manual labour. the proud young doctor is fulI of egoism (Ahamkara). oil baths. regulated exercises and walks. Anger results in infatuation. in A5rurveda. The senses. Ayurveda teaches not only how to live a happy life. but also how to die a happy death with detachment. Instead of feeling humilitated by his utter powerlessness in mzrny situations in his daily life.AYURVEDA with advertisement of more and more medicines of doubtful value to cure diseases. recreation and prayer are. whereas the long term purpose of the medical science should be to empty the hospitals. both have their origrn in Rajas (Gita). Colossal Ignorance and Pride Even after the advance of Science. Therefore one should develop control over these emotions which are the worst enemies of man. contentment and peace. Many medical practitioners do not seem to realise the vastness of their the secrets of nature is ignorance. included in the daily routine (Dinacharya) of every citizen. Otherwise. greed and hurry are potent sources of disease. Emotions Cause Disease Emotions like anger. due to his materialistic mentality. Physiotherapy which promotes positive health is badly neglected in modern hospitals. all material and spiritual knowledge will be useless-Jnr:na Vijnana Nashanam In Ayurveda prevention of disease is effected through strict discipline of man to develop self-control. For this reason. all . A5rurveda advocates Varnashrama Dharma. Desire produces anger. Valuable aids to health such as massage. games. A5rurveda was traditionally taught to every man and woman in India. sweating. so that.adjusting socio-economic units. Artha-acquisition of wealth or power. Dharma*Virtue or duty to self and societ5r. that a third-rate practitioner of Modern Medicine spreads into the villages of India. untouched by commercial interests.PRACTICE OF AYURVEDA people may be happy without any strife for selfish ends and may reach the supreme goal of spiritual progress-Paramaartha. to replace the ennobling system of ASrurveda by materialistic and outlandish ideas quite unsuitable to our habits. I shudder to think. Guna. Charaka says: . The causes of diseases are beautifully summarised in A5rurveda into three groups. Every man has to strive his best for the full attainment of the four values or aspirations of life namely. I have great respect for the truly scientific research worker.) of food-materials and drugs. the methods of investigation of diseases are lop-sided giving no real attention to the man as a whole. uiz.. The physician who depends too much on instruments and laboratories is unable to develop tJ:e most valuable faculty of intuition. But. Diagnosis The physician should develop an inquisitive outlook towards the less obvious signs of ill-health so as to warn the patients from getting i11. (iil faulty judgement-Prajnaa Aparaadha and (iii) The effects of time-Pannaa. (il Unsuitable use of the senses-Asaalmya Indiyaartha Samyoga. Today. Kama-satisfaction of desires and Moksha-liberation from the bondage or attachment. Life has thus the great purpose of progressive spiritual evolution.ma Research should be conducted on the incidence of the seasons (Ritus) in India and their influence on the onset of diseases and of the pharmacological properties (Rasa. etc. It is the spirit of A5rurveda that saves the Indian civilisation. I have laid emphasis on four points which are fundamental to the study of Ayurveda. The Siddha and Unani systems also follow the same fundamental principles and are popular with certain sections of the people. As the word A5rurveda implies.It has no limitation of race. biochemical.289 AYURVEDA Erf. it is the Science of Ltfe.4qr{t+dqffirsfuq s{rg{wraffiqFi a u I tt a ftrffi t t "A physician who cannot enter into the innermost soul of the patient with the bright light of the lamp of his own knowledge cannot successfully treat any disease. clinical. A5rurveda and Conclusion Herein. Modern Medicine. pharmacological. Its door is open to all true knowledge from any source. The methods of research in Ayurweda should not be to imitate what is done in other countries. The application of Modern Methods of Pharmacological technique conducted in collaboration with experienced Ayurvedic scholars is sure to result in the advancement of bot]. Ayurveda has a good working hypothesis which has helped the successful practice of Ayurveda through the centuries and it is still a living force today with the A5rurvedic physician and the patient. The research should be based upon the fundamentals assumed by Ayurveda. climate or country." (Charaka Vimana IV-14) Methods of Research We should conduct research in A5rurveda in order to make it the best system of treatment in the world. Literally. psychological and philosophical research should all be conducted side by side. (i) Ayurveda is superior to modern science in some respects and can incorporate all the advances of Modern . proficient in A5rurveda. with the co-operation of modern Scientists. it has the capacity to grow and be ever new. unless soul in mErn as the Director of the several processes of life. unless it is integrated with Ayurveda by adopting its basic principles of self-control to prevent disease (iv) Research in Ayurveda should be conducted by adequatc personal of the right t5pe. . cannot adopt all that it accepts the existence of the A5rurveda teaches. The factor of personality is greatly responsible for the happiness or misery of the individual (iii) Modern Medicine should not be extended into the villages. but Modern Science. puranama cha Punarnauam (Charaka Siddhi) . (ii) Man is not to be treated as machine. The scope of Ayurveda is endless. Although ancient.PRACTTICE OF AYURVEDA Science. . . . are the same as that of Allopathic treatment. Vagbhata. lt has been classified as the fifth Veda. Sushruta. Besides. eradicating the cause.1052- t] ts9- 9 iltilllll illlilfl lill iltil il[ilililil1iltlil { lll 1'15/- A DIVINE LIFE SOCIETY PUBLICATION . ffi *# I SBN 8 l . They were Yogis and had great power of observation. Their students made wonderful researches. The difference lies in the methods of detail adopted by different systems.Ayurveda is the Veda or knowledge of Ayus or life. in the main. Madhava and Sarangdhara were the great Rishis or Fathers of Ayurvedic medicine. soothing the infured body and mind. symptoms and treatment of diseases. generalisation and analysis. Ayurveda serves as the best guide for the healthy as well as for the sick. in Ayurveda great importance is given to the study of the various stages of variation of the three Doshas or humours of the body-Vaata. Pifta and Kapha. They consist of removing the injurious agent. Charaka. The principles of Ayurvedic treatment. There are three main branches of Ayurveda and they deal with the causes. lndia's fertility for medicinal herbs and plants contributed a great deal to the prosecution of their study of medicine. 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