Share0 More Next Blog» Create Blog Sign In The Somali Dir Clan's History: Codka Beesha Direed THE HISTORY OF SOMALI DIR CLAN: TAARIKHDA BEESHA DIREED DIR Wednesday, May 11, 2011 Pages PRE-ISLAMIC TRACES OF WAAQLE IN SOMALI AND OROMO RELIGION The Somali are definitely Kushitic. Despite numerous fictitious Quraish genealogical traditions which claim an Arab origin specifically, a Benu Hashim descent which makes them related to the Holy Prophet of Islaam, Muhammed S.A.W. The first and oldest traditions of the Somali which claim Arab and Quraish descent can be traced to the Dir Somali clan considered the oldest and noblest Somali group which many Maxay clans of North- Central Somali groups consider the founding nation. The Dir who entered from the West and invaded Zaila from Ethiopian region in the 700 AD imposed on the entire Somali region their culture and traditions which became know as the Xeer of Aji. Hence, even though their is evidence of at least 9 Pre-Dir Samaale Groups all Maxaay Speaking Somalis adopted the Aji Traditions which was a cultural and ways of behaving based on xeer, a strictly nomadic way of life, and egalitarian way of life. (The Invention of Somalia) Home Beesha Suure Xeerkii Hore ee Beesha Direed Odeyga Direed iyo Bilaawgii Samaale ---Abtiriska Guud Ee Beesha Beesha Direed Videos THE HISTORY AND CULTURE OF SOMALI DIR CLAN CODKA BEESHA DIREED Search This Blog The Oldest Dir traditions base their Arabian Quraish traditions on the arrival of Prophet Mohammed's followers to Ethiopia in the First Hijra when over 80 Ashaab landed in Djibouti Eritrea Search open in browser PRO version Are you a developer? Try out the HTML to PDF API pdfcrowd.com ports after fleeing pagan Quraish persecution. Somalis use: Waaqle in proper names and place names as well as major clans have waaqle names. Also it is used in the place of Allah or God the supreme creator: Waligaa iyo Waaqaa= Waligaa iyo Allahaa Gar Waqso= know the justice of God the Supreme Abdulwaaq= slave of God like Abdullah Tagaal Waaq one who fought in cause of God Gacal Waaq Bide Waaq Gudoom Waaq mahd waaq siwaaq rooon open in browser PRO version Are you a developer? Try out the HTML to PDF API pdfcrowd. Dira Dhabe. The Ashaab included Ruqiya Binta Rasuul (R.com . According to this story the Muhajirs left East Africa but established business and intermarriage relations with East Africans. Somalia History of The Somali Dir Clan View my complete profile Despite these Arab claims the common relation between the Afar. DIRSAME Djabouti. "Lafeeko lafaako"" your bone is mine as mine is yours since you are my cousine a descendent of Aqiil Abi Muttalib who is a brother of my Forefather the Harmalis and all Assayo Marra--the red men.A. The King of Aussa Ali Mirreh after Meeting a Somali Dir from Dolo who traveled up North told this Dir Dignitary of the Dir Ugaas Seed.W The Somali like other kushitics worshiped Waaqle. In Somali the word waaqle is not only associated with the sky but it also means God Illahey" the one supreme creator. Somali. SOMALI The Dir claim that Dir Aji Xiil was the Son of Aqiil Ibnu Abi Muttalib who came 35 years after the first Hijra. Somali and Oromo like other East Africans is a common past and common cultures and the Arab factor is used to unite these people with their prophet S.A)Uthman and many other popular Ashaab. Somaliland. The Afar or the Dankalli of Ethiopia claim their royalty The Harmalis who gave birth to Afar Royals Assayo Marra are related to the Dir through Aqiil and the claim they were the sons of a leading Ashaabi who debated the Pagen Quraish at the court of King Abraaha. com . The northerns claim there is an old oath waa igu tiniixi tin waaq Southerns wrote used waa igu Caq Waaq. 8 names from Dir. Waaqdacin Waaqlal and the North for Waaqooyi which is the direction the Oromo Kaaluu priests face. which is identification with the group. springs. The religious. 22 from Hawiye and over 30 names from the Daarood clans. Read the oromo Waaqfine they say Waaq is UUme Creator same term we Use --------------------------------------------------------------------------------Already a member? Sign in Follow ers Join this site w ith Google Friend Connect Members (31) More » What Are Their Beliefs? Gujji oromo These ethnic religionists worship a supreme being named Waqa. Waaq faal Astronomy or a from of Astrology. "Waaqa". "Wak". Cooperation is central to this system. and livestock is sacrificed in Waqa's honor. "Waq". In the traditional monotheistic religion ("Waaqa") of the Oromo. Wadaja feasts are organized on various occasions. One basic value of the Oromo is tokuma. and so on. "Waqa". Though they acknowledged a "superior being" called Wak.the Somalis today call north waaqooyi. the name of God is given variously in English letters as "Waaqayoo". social. Wak or Waaq open in browser PRO version Are you a developer? Try out the HTML to PDF API pdfcrowd. political. "Waaq". (Will post more evidence soon and over 60 Somali clan names associated with the term Waaqle.and economic life of the Oromo revolves around this. It is also believed that spirits called jinn may take possession of people.Barwaaqo Eel waaq Waaqfaal For the association of the sky the Somalis us Waqal daruureed. Many people still believe that objects such as trees. especially in work arrangements. and rocks have spirits. Wak then danced upon the place where the coffin was buried and man sprang forth. This is how the mountains were formed. Knowing of man's loneliness.. the blood turning into a woman whom the man married. and the man was so bored at the end of it all that WAAQA created a woman to keep him company. His will is unshakeable and unbreakable. the children man hid away were turned into animals and demons.African (Ethiopian) god who dwelled in the clouds. honestly. WAAQA is exactly like every other monotheistic deity we know of. this is why man is awake for most of the day. The Sakuye a group closely related to the Somali of NFD particularly the Gaarre Dir and adopted Boorana cultural traits like gabra open in browser PRO version Are you a developer? Try out the HTML to PDF API pdfcrowd. WAAQA created the Heavens and the Earth. and there is little else to tell.com . He is supreme. For seven years he made fire rain down. He was sure he had slept for a brief moment only and was shocked to find it had been so long and earth had changed so much. He kept the heavens at a distance from the earth and ornamented it with stars. Man and woman had 30 children. He rewards the good and punishes the bad. Oh. except that WAAQA and his people have often been the target of missionaries and religious fundamentalists claiming: a) that WAAQA is ALLAH and should be worshipped as such b) that WAAQA is JEHOVAH and should be worshipped as such c) that WAAQA really is JEHOVAH. He is worshipped devoutly and frequently by his followers. Man did so and Wak shut him up in it and buried it. and then created the first human. WAAQA is still a Top God today. The process took seven long years. Untouched by missionary zeal. and as a result. so he buried the man in a homemade coffin to keep him safe while he added the finishing touches with fire and brimstone. Wak asked man to build himself a coffin. The man was a bit embarrassed by all this activity and tried to hide some of his kids. but WAAQA in his wisdom turned them into animals instead. Unfortunately the Earth wasn't quite finished. Waka-The bengign rain god of the Oromo of Ethiopia.. This certainly gave him something to do. Wak was angry at this. He rules over all. He was supreme and a benefactor god. and the result was thirty children. In other words. When the earth was flat. And he likes a great deal of attention. but man was so ashamed at having had so many that he hid fifteen of them away. alive. He is omnipotent. Eventually man grew tired of living alone. He is monotheistic. Wak took some of his blood and after four days. Islam and Christianity. the Oromo people practised their own religion. Although the office of Qaallu is hereditary. source of all life. Waaqayoo is often called Waaqa for short. while it not necessary to appease God. which possesses him at regular intervals. sin and all falsehood. Wak. where political debates are organized for the candidates for the Gadaa offices. The Galla DO believe in spirits. He must respect traditional taboos (safuu) and ritual observances in all situations and in all his dealings and must follow the truth and avoid sin. for they have no idols to worship. infinite. by putting sacrifices in special trees. M. Ayaana followers believe it is necessary to appease Satan because he brings harm to them. The Qaallu village is the spiritual centre.com . They never worshipped false gods or carved statues as substitutes. The Qaallu institution is one of the most important in the Oromo culture and society and is believed to have existed since mythical times. though just overlaid on their traditional beliefs and practices. as he does not harm people. a strong Oromo Satan appeasement and worship cult. The Galla (Oromo) also have reached a degree of ecumenism with Islam that is rare anywhere in the world. he is pure. An effective relationship is often maintained between ayyaana and Oromo by Qaallu (male) and/or Qaalitti (female). open in browser PRO version Are you a developer? Try out the HTML to PDF API pdfcrowd. intolerant of injustice. even though the Qaallu himself does not possess political power as such and religion is distinctly separated from politics. de Almeida (1628-46) had the following to say: 'the Gallas (Oromo) are neither Christians. The Qaallu institution has political importance. It is a very important preserver and protector of Oromo culture. incomprehensible. THE RELIGION OF OROMO There are three main religions in Oromia: traditional Oromo religion." The Oromo Waaqa is one and the same for all. He is considered pure and clean. he can do and undo anything. and they will run through the forest following the bird to see which way it turns in order to make a decision. crime. Over the last century aspects of Islam has come into their culture. He is a religious and ritual expert who has a special relationship with one of the ayyaana.Religion: Traditionally the Sakuye worshipped one God. in principle it is open to anyone who can provide sufficient proof of the special direct personal contact with an ayyaana. There are many saint-like divinities called ayyaana. omnipresent. In the Oromo society a Qaallu is regarded as the most senior person in his lineage and clan and the most respected in the society. A Qaallu is like a Bishop in the Christian world and an lmam in the Muslim world. and they hold a certain bird to be sacred. more or less in the same way the Abyssinian Orthodox Church is the preserver of Abyssinian culture. OROMO RELIGION OF ETHIOPIA Editor: Balaam's Ass Speaks: The following is filled with half-truths. Dabel is the center of the Ayaana. Before the introduction of Christianity and Islam. moors nor heathens. each seen as manifestation of the one Waaqa or of the same divine reality. He is the creator of everything. They believed in one Waaqayoo which approximates to the English word God. such as the bokku (sceptre). The place of worship of Qaallu ritual house is called the Galma. (Knutsson. As the head of the council of electors. rivers. At this stage it faces complete eradication and Orthodox Church buildings are fast replacing Galmas. The national flag had three colours . The believers visit the Galma for worship once or twice a week. those in active life (Luba) and those who had passed through active five. For instance. thus disparaging the Qaallu socially and religiously by using the term depreciatingly. represented those yet to enter active life. The Qaallu institution was weakened with the advent of colonialism to Oromia. Religious Oromo often made Muuda-pilgrimages to some of the great Qaallus and religious centres such as Arsi's Abbaa Muuda (father of anointment). who has a very different. Each ayyaana has its own Galma and its own special ceremonies. The Qaallu institution was once a repository of important ceremonial articles (collective symbols) in the Buttaa (Gadaa) ceremony. Places of worship also include under trees. it became the policy to discourage and destroy Oromo cultural institutions and values. Just before the beginning of the harvest season every year. beside large bodies of water. during the fifth year of the Gadaa period. Among the Borana Oromo Muuda pilgrimages are still common.black at the top. The Galma is usually located on a hill top. by the side of big mountains. hills. which often culminates in possession. etc. The Abyssinian ruling class has confused the terms. it is beneath the dignity of an Oromo Qaallu to ask his ritual clients for gifts or payment. stones. red in the centre and white at the bottom. etc. This is the Muuda or anointment ceremony. On the other hand. red and white. the national flag. Many of these sites are now taken up by Abyssinian Orthodox Church buildings or Mosques. The pilgrimage was prohibited.com . The Oromo Qaallu must not be confused with the Amhara Qaallicha. All Oromo through whose village the pilgrims pass are obligedto give them hospitality. sing and beat drums to perform a ritual called dalaga in order to achieve a state of ecstasy. This has been misrepresented by outsiders claiming that the Oromo worship trees. The national flag is made in the colours of the Qaallu turban (surri ruufa). The Qaallu institution has suffered more during the last 14 years than it suffered during the previous 1 00 years. usually on Thursday and Saturday nights. He is a vagabond who resorts to conjuring and black magic for his own benefit. He is notorious for extracting remuneration by threats or other means. which reduced contacts between various Oromo groups. these Muuda pilgrims are cared Jila. hill side or in a grove of large trees.Thus he plays both a spiritual and political role in the Gadaa system. In the Gadaa. etc. the Qaallu organizes and oversees the election of Gadaa leaders. 1967). the Gadaa class in power honours the Qaallu by taking gifts and making their pledges of reverence. It is at the height of this that the possessing ayyaana speaks through the Qaallu's mouth and can answer prayers and predict the future. black. As the Mecca pilgrims are called Haj among Muslims. the three colours. Muuda pilgrimage is very holy and the pilgrims walk to the place of Abbaa Muuda with a stick in one hand and carrying myrrh (qumbii). The use of these symbols is prohibited by the colonial government. much lower. the Oromo have a prayer ceremony (thanksgiving open in browser PRO version Are you a developer? Try out the HTML to PDF API pdfcrowd. respectively. At this time the followers dance. social status. the Oromo's traditional modes of experiencing the divine have continued almost unaffected. One is obliged to pray to and to give offering by slaughtering an animal every so often to ones parents' ekeraa. For instance. Atseme wrote: "The Galla became Muslim for his hatred of Amhara priests. However. until very recently. Oromos in Arsi province accepted Islam in large number as a demonstration of anti-Amhara sentiment and a rejection of all values associated with imperial conquerors. not in Arussi Galla. The Oromo believe that after death individuals exist in the form of a spirit called the 'ekeraa'.. Ha!! So when Oromo Galla become Christians they still practice their pagan religion. There are many Oromo who are followers of Islam or Christianity and yet still practise the original Oromo religion. the Galma and pay due respect to their clan Qaallu. are abandoning the Oromo religion because they see that the Christians are healthier and happier. in favour and defence of their own traditional religion. including them. In fact. The ekeraa is believed to stay near the place where the person once lived. which is usually in a village. the Galla there. Well." Many used to visit.D. the 'timqat'. However." Bereket (1980) also noted. So let us take this rubbish with a grain of salt please..com . Oromo people have been in constant contact with other religions like Islam and Christianity for almost the last 1000 years. It once took place in river meadows where now the Abyssinian Orthodox Church takes its holy Tabot (tablets) for special yearly festivals. FOLKLORE Oromos believe that Waaqa Tokkicha (the one God) created the world. the Oromo have resisted these religions for quite a long time. ". The offerings take place near the family or clan cemetery. today the majority of the Oromo people are followers of Islam and Christianity. have been very diminished or apparently submerged in new ritual cloaks. while the remaining few are still followers of the original Oromo religion. Editor: Balaam's Ass Speaks: Ha. The lrreessa has become illegal and anybody who attempts to practise it is now likely to be imprisoned. and Christianity even before that. If one commits sin he/she is punished while still alive." A somewhat similar situation in the west was the acceptance of Islam by many Afro-Americans in 1950s and 1960s. Ha. They call open in browser PRO version Are you a developer? Try out the HTML to PDF API pdfcrowd. This is more true in regions where Abyssinian Orthodox Christianity prevails.festival) called irreessa. The Amhara spy monk. They do not believe in suffering after death as in Christianity and Islam. It is said that the Islamic religion spread in Oromia as a reaction to the Ethiopian colonization. as a reaction to the racial discrimination and oppression they faced from the white community and in search of an identity different from that of the oppressor group. friend. Oromo religion is full of terror of devils who are believed to be able to kill babies and drown people in the lakes on the Rift Valley. Bartels (1983) expressed this reality as follows: 'Whether they (Oromo) became Christians or Muslims. the Islamic religion was reported to have been in eastern Shawa about 900 A. who do not become Christians. in spite of the fact that several rituals and social institutions in which it was expressed. The Oromo accepted Islam and nonOrthodox Christianity en-masse because they identified Abyssinian Orthodox Christianity with the oppressor and also to assert their identity vis-a-vis Abyssinians. The Oromo religious institution. Islam was imposed on other Oromos by Turkish and Egyptian colonizers.this supreme being Waaqa Guuracha (the Black God). Uuma includes everything created by Waaqa. are considered heroes and heroines. Oromo heroes and heroines are the people who have done something important for the community. Most Oromos still believe that it was this God who created heaven and earth and other living and non-living things. sunlight also appeared. and in water. with their existence and functions ruled by Waaqa. plants. Through each person's ayaana (spiritual connection). Today. Using the light of bakkalcha. Today. Islam. spiritual. in air. In other areas. In some Oromo regions. These ancestral spirits appear to relatives in the form of flying animals. or qallu. Waaqa also created ayaana (spiritual connection). uuma (nature). and other creatures that live on the land. and saffu (the ethical and moral code). those who have contributed to the Oromo national movement are considered heroes and heroines. for example. They have three major religions: original Oromo religion (Waaqa). some Oromos have continued to practice their original religion. The Oromo story of creation starts with the element of water. However.com . With this star. Oromos believed that Waaqa created the sky and earth from water. the society imposes punishment while the person is alive. With the rise of bakkalcha. The original religion sees the human. Waaqa created all other stars. The movement of this sunlight created day and night. Some Oromos accepted Islam in order to resist Ethiopian control and Orthodox Christianity. ayaana (spiritual connection) emerged. Saffu is a moral and ethical code that Oromos use to tell bad from good and wrong from right. Islam and Christianity are the major religions in Oromo society. Three Oromo concepts explain the organization and connection of human. through which he connects himself to his creatures. They attempt to contact them through ceremonies. since it was the only element that existed before other elements. Waaqa acts in the person's life. Oromos accepted Protestant Christianity in order to resist Orthodox Christianity. Some Oromos still believe in the existence of ancestors' spirits. Qallu leaders traditionally played important religious roles in Oromo society. The Ethiopian colonizers tried to ban the Oromo system of thought by eliminating Oromo cultural experts such as the raagas (Oromo prophets). and military leaders. and physical worlds: ayaana. If a person commits a sin by disturbing the balance of nature or mis-treating others. and bakkalcha (a star) to provide light. is the center of the Oromo religion. and oral historians. and Christianity. animals. and physical worlds as interconnected. Thinkers who invented the gada system. the ayaantus (time reckoners). When an Oromo dies. including ayaana. Eastern Orthodox Christianity was introduced by the Ethiopian colonizers. Both Christianity and Islam in Ethiopia have been greatly influenced by open in browser PRO version Are you a developer? Try out the HTML to PDF API pdfcrowd. He also created dry land out of water. raagas (prophets). 5 • RELIGION Oromos recognize the existence of a supreme being or Creator that they call Waaqa. he or she will become spirit. spiritual. Original Oromo religion does not believe in hell and heaven. young Oromos marry and start the lifecycle of adulthood. Member of Gadaa Melbaa The Origins of Waaqeffannaa As far as the investigation of human origin is concerned. open in browser PRO version Are you a developer? Try out the HTML to PDF API pdfcrowd. These children complete their teenage years in school. Children and teenagers participate in agriculture and other activities needed for survival.com . The birth of a child is celebrated because each newborn child will some day become a worker. Between the ages of one and eight. They learned about war tactics. 6 • MAJOR HOLIDAYS The Oromo celebrate ceremonial rites of passage known as ireecha or buuta. Nowadays. 7 • RITES OF PASSAGE Since children are seen as having great value. Oromo male children did not participate in politics and had little responsibility. Africa is proved to be the Origin of Man. literally means Black. they served as soldiers and prepared to take over the responsibilities of leadership. 4 but symbolically stands for Waaqa´s tolerance. follee (ages sixteen to twenty-four). They identified the Supreme Being. these grades were dabalee (ages one to eight). it brings members of the community together to say goodbye. culture and history. 2 It was on this continent that one of the earliest ancestors of Black African Families known as the Oromoo 3 had come to recognise the existence of a Supreme Being. Between ages sixteen and twenty-four. invisibility. Traditionally Oromos had five gada (grades) or parties. qondaala (ages twenty-four to thirty-two). compassion. and dorri (ages thirty-two to forty). They attributed to Him the symbolic quality of the colour Gurraacha. 8 • RELATIONSHIPS By Getachew Chamadaa Nadhabaasaa. Marriage is celebrated since it is the time when boys and girls enter adulthood. rogge (ages eight to sixteen). gracefulness. These rites of passages were called ireecha or buuta. Death is marked as an important event. they were not yet allowed to take full responsibility and marry. They shared their knowledge with the qondaala group and carried out their leadership responsibilities. There were rites of passages when males passed from one gada to another. Men thirty-two to forty years old had important roles. The Oromos have also begun celebrating an Oromo national day to remember their heroines and heroes who have sacrificed their lives trying to free their people from Ethiopian rule. apart from them. they took on the responsibilities of hard work. as a Transcendental Reality. most Oromo families are large. When young men were between twenty-four and thirty-two years of age. 1 It was the continent where the human being had begun to form simple and complex social organisations. When they were between eight and sixteen years old.Oromo religion. Between the ages of sixteen and twenty-four. in peace and war. In one area. law and management. and hunting big animals. by giving Him the name Waaqa. as well as Islamic and Christian holidays. politics. those who can afford it send their children to school. The names of these grades varied from place to place. through the first Qaalluu Booranaa (Mana Booranaa) . 7 Since then. interaction with other peoples. Waaqeffannaa is manifested by Oromummaa 11 as part of the cultural domain of the Gadaa Oromo Society. which cannot be perceived separately from the Gadaa System. Waaqa is frequently invoked. could be one among the earliest peoples of the world.com . among other symbolic qualities ascribed to Him. Hereupon was grounded the History of the organised social. As a public affair. as a programme. in seeking peace. who had long ago recognised Waaqa as the only Supreme Reality. in testifying witness etc. and in bestowing socially meaningful names upon the newly born Oromo children. and as a religious practice of the Gadaa-organized Oromo people. sprung out of the Oromo concept of Waaqa.they were able to institutionalise a highly elaborate egalitarian social system known as Gadaa. as a religious thought. in mediating conflicting parties for reconciliation. and the Teachings of Waaqeffannaa In the daily life of every Oromo. According to Oromo mythology. 6 Which Waaqa granted them . Since the emergence of Waaqeffannaa as a public religious affair. 12 The ceremony is conducted by offering thanks and greeneries to Waaqa. In morning and evening prayers. ritual. political military and economic activities of the people. voluntary or involuntary conversion to the ´written´ religions 15 of the Muslim and Christian worlds. the time crops and plants are furnishing colourful flowers. 10 Thenceforth. in giving an errand of blessing and oath. and as an ideology 8 in checking and balancing the entire lives of the Oromo nation as one family.. in defending the Gadaa-based moral qualities of the Oromo families. spring. 9 The Oromo people. not only in Africa. in maintaining social harmony. this does not necessarily indicate that those who invoke are all on the Avenue of Peace open in browser PRO version Are you a developer? Try out the HTML to PDF API pdfcrowd. their early ancestors were inspired by Waaqa. in shaping the behavioural system of the Oromos (from blessing ceremonials to etiquette of socialising). the Oromos have been organising "Thanksgiving Ceremony" (Irreecha/Irreessa) near a body of water (lake. Who helped them pass through the 'dark' rainy winter season 13 to the bright sunny season. Gadaa has been used not only as a system but as a method. 16 Invoking Waaqa. or stream) or at the Galma of the Qaalluu every year. the Creator of everything. Waaqeffannaa has made remarkable contributions in conflict resolutions. helpfulness. crater. in making peace. 5 Guided by the Law. to develop the doctrine of monotheism. 14 In spite of problems confronting the Oromos in course of their history. which begins to shine in the month of Birraa/Fulbaana. Waaqeffannaa as a religion.purity. Waaqeffannaa continues to offer pertinent answers to its adherents. 17 However. height or weight. as it has been witnessed in the past ten decades. Oromos' fairness. a socially inconsiderate. 19 Falsehood invocations are believed to be signals of calling misfortune upon one's own life. physical character. 18 There could be individuals who might have gone far from the Avenue of Peace and committed themselves to a tricky invocation. a flagrant violation of the spiritual quality of the Gadaa Oromoo Society. openness and honesty have given ample opportunities to the ´closed´ Monophysitic 26 Amhara and Tigray people. According to Waaqeffannaa. Waaqeffannaa rather adheres to teaching human compassion. a defection and flight from being a faithful citizen of the Gadaa-based indigenous republican form of Oromo governance. Waaqeffannaa teaches the invocation of Waaqa to be held at the right time. care for strangers. language. for the right reasons. respect to the Law of Waaqa. who worship 44 types of ´Tabots´. and hospitality to foreigners etc. selfish and deceptive person is understood as existing against the Law of Waaqa.(Karaa Nagaa) that Waaqa brightened for the Oromo people to walk on. to devise the strategy of divide and rule. open in browser PRO version Are you a developer? Try out the HTML to PDF API pdfcrowd. who constitute the core part of the Abyssinian society. 25 However. 20 Falsehood invocations are a blatant rejection to walk on the Avenue of Nagaa. have greatly helped the successive colonial regimes of Abyssinia to carry out wars and perform all sorts of military and police activities. at the right place. hair texture. fairness to individual and public opinions. ostracising and segregation of man by man because of differences in faith. ethnicity. conformity to facts of truth. 22 Waaqeffannaa teaches its followers to abhor practices like persecution. No one can ever trust such person as a faithful citizen of the Republic of Gadaa Oromoland. a renegade.com . 21 Hence. beside their blasphemous connotation. honesty to the legitimacy of social taboos. the leaders of the Monophysitic Abyssinian religion. a cheeky person of sneaky behaviour. 23 The most important quality for Waaqeffannaa is the "Tone" of the man and the coherency of his tone with his activity 24 that can defend the Nagaa Oromoo Family for the development of the "WeOromo society" together. Religious Terrorism and Intolerance carried out by Monophysitic Abyssinians In order to uproot Waaqeffannaa. including the Monophysitic Eritreans. Waaqeffannaa refrains from approving a 'certificate of integration' into the religious life of Gadaa Oromoo Families. skin colour. a counterfeiter. the Muslim Arabians 37. 32 vindictive. to be able to conquer the 'beauty of life after death'. victory etc. That is why. the Evangelical European missionaries. modesty. and succeeded in diverting numerous Oromos from the path of their original faith to the imported 'Cross Worshiping' religion 27 by giving priorities to selected Oromo localities. a person is totally responsible for all sins he committed while on earth. purity and humanity as open in browser PRO version Are you a developer? Try out the HTML to PDF API pdfcrowd. the greedy-espionage of European missionaries. the inculcation of an illusive life on the part of its followers. Waaqeffannaa does not believe either in the existence of an eternal joyous life in heaven after death or a miserable life in hell. the missionaries 29 have been able to manipulate Oromo's local psychology.". compassion. have taken the advantage of Oromos' openness. Waaqeffannaa always advocates honesty. who also preach the 'beauty of life after death´. 39 It attributes virtue of success. meat. when one is born to live on earth. peacefulness. They teach how the very nature of man is aggressive. and their followers are in the same category in rejecting Waaqeffannaa as a Human Faith. too. scrutinise their mental faculty. The worst side of Pentecostalism is the creation of self-alienation. as a direct consequence of man's close communion with the Law of Waaqa and his constant walk on the ever-luminous path He cleared for man to travel on. happiness.com . so as to damage the indigenous values. 28 Helped by Oromos' generosity. the teachings of the Euro-centrists are not different from those of the Monophysitic Tewahido 31 Ethiopianists.In addition. On this point. 36 The Monophysitic Coptic Abyssinians. Hence. Its teachings are based on the existence of Life before death on earth. egg etc. It teaches "holy slavery" 34 to the Arabian 35 Supreme Being called Allah. notably the Pentecostal sects. 38 According to Waaqeffannaa. It only believes in the virtual existence of the dead person in the form of Ekeraa (Ancestor´s Holy Ghost) where the person was buried in his ancestor's cemetery. too. They preach what they call preparedness for 'the best life after death' 30 which does not exist in the Oromos´ Waaqeffannaa creed. hospitality. they preach means to control such tendencies through long fasting that requires abstention from nutritious food like milk. and deceptive. and succeeded in establishing Euro-centric 'Cross Worshiping Centres' among Waaqeffataa Oromos. and frankness. chicken. Islam and Waaqeffannaa Islam. teaches the existence of a 'wonderful life after death in paradise' 33 but it conditions it "if all peoples accept Islam as the only true religion of the world. truth. inherent qualities of the Gadaa-based Oromo Society. The origin of the religion and the word Waaqeffannaa is Waaqa. Waaqeffannaa teaches that 1. the Invisible Supreme Power. Waaqa blessed the Oromos to be men of justice and law-abiding citizens of the Republic of Gadaa Oromoland. The message has become a self-assertive declaration in rejecting and fighting any form of internally assumed dictators and the Abyssinian colonial rules and rulers. this so-called satan is full of power. who had been anointing Oromo pilgrims from all over Gadaa Oromoland at Haroo Walaabuu before colonisation. there is no other power that could contend Waaqa´s infinite power. Waaqa blessed for them with the Gadaa Rule of Law. Hence. Caffee/Gumii. Waaqa strictly warned them never to cultivate persons of dictatorial ambitions nor to allow the growth of such person among them and so on. 46 According to their teachings. if they follow the Avenue of Peace. 43 5. He blessed them to be a victorious and prosperous nation of numerous progenies. Followers of ´revealed´ religions call this power satan. which can lead them to successful achievement for the endeavours they are constantly undertaking. as promulgated and declared by the Supreme Legislative Organ. Karaa Nagaa. More specifically. 40 2. wisdom and supreme authority.. Waaqa endowed the Oromos with the Avenue of Peace. 44 These and other messages of Waaqa are believed to have been delivered through the mouth of the first Qaalluu Booranaa. to walk on. The Oromo Concept of Evil Waaqeffannaa preaches that there is no other power to dares challenge Waaqa's Supreme Authority. 41 3. when they stood in the light of Seera Waaqa and Safuu Oromoo. 42 4. Waaqeffannaa teaches the abhorrence of the root causes that emit cataclysmic social disorders and defile the established social norms with which the Oromos have been living in the longest period of their history.com . 45 This is diametrically opposed to the ´revealed´ religions of the Christian and Muslim worlds which preach too opposite to Waaqeffannaa´s fundamental religious creed. has the ability to instigate man open in browser PRO version Are you a developer? Try out the HTML to PDF API pdfcrowd. can be attributable to the work of seexana. In Greek. unhappy lives. In Hebrew language. crime. the word satan had not existed in the vocabulary of Afaan Oromo.com . this so-called seexana is blamed and condemned to death for their weaknesses and failures. it is known as sa-tan. particularly followed by some Islamic sects. everything. madness. the spirit of the satan interwoven with that of God. war. social vice. Adam. narrating that Satan had spoken through the mouth of a serpent and succeeded in seducing Eve into disobedience to God. since God found him challenging His power. for their delinquent. to become king of the world on earth and king of paradise in heaven. 56 Waaqeffannaa attributes the occurrence of sadness. they say. madness. In great contrast with the Waaqefataa Oromo religious doctrine of altruism.against Waaqa. they preach egoism within the context of Pentecostalism as the only means to achieve the desired self-centred objectives etc. being hence condemned to demolition and destruction. injustice. Thereon. all material cultures pertaining to Oromo traditional religion are ´idols´ 53 serving the will of seexana. breach of oath. dishonesty. 51 As the case of Pheenxee Oromos clearly demonstrated to us. 54 For them. the objects are devil´s invention moulded and embellished to worship satanic authorities. vagrancy. 50 The disobedient Eve in turn seduced her husband. and the recognition of its decisive role in JudeanChristian and Muslim religious beliefs. They categorically reject any values that are indigenous and relevant to African origin. the hell". came into existence as ´Holy Scriptures´. Waaqa against man. as sa-ta-nas. The Oromos call it seexana. illness. Karaa Nagaa irraa jallachuu. 48 According to the Bible and the Qur ´an. They identified it as a chief adversary of "Their God". unsuccessful achievements. deviancy. sadness. 47 To the question they are often asked "who created the satan?". natural disaster. they reply: " God created him. war. 57 open in browser PRO version Are you a developer? Try out the HTML to PDF API pdfcrowd. Oromo ritual objects are not human beings´ creativity to help the Oromos provide a meaning of life and satisfy their needs. disgracefulness etc as a consequence of man's departure from the Avenue of Peace. madness. satan is the cause of all conflicts. social vice. to follow the same rebellious action like her. 55 As they are officially preaching. delinquency.. disharmony. conflict. deviant and sneaky misbehaviours. conflict. etc. In their views. etc. unsuccessful achievements. delinquency. 49 Unfortunately. disobedience. it has become one of the foreign words that existed in a corrupted form in Afaan Oromoo. robbery. and his violation to observe and respect Seera Waaqa and Safuu Oromoo. 52 According to Pheenxee Oromos. He restricted him to be king of eternal damnation. Before the introduction of the colonial religions into the belief systems of the Gadaa Oromoo Society. deviancy. However. man against man. resisting the Abyssinian church's sword on the right side. Waaqeffataas are reviving the genuine Oromo Religion. The Oromos have had direct relationship with their Creator. inferior. therefore. backward. 62 The emperor's decree had clearly justified the nature of their religion and its role in provoking violence instead of peace. they begin to pray and appeal to His help for resilience. They know no other super power. 60 They are competing with each other for the scramble of the Gadaa-based Oromo Society. They have become the major cause for the destruction of human lives. the government's arm on the left side. They are offering "Thanksgiving Ceremony". it is only Waaqa Who is to be praised or to whom either displeasure or resentment is to be expressed. Waaqeffannaa has testified to its survival to this day.com . open in browser PRO version Are you a developer? Try out the HTML to PDF API pdfcrowd. Waaqa. be it in time of happiness or in moments of sadness. In the 2nd half of the 19th century. the Abyssinian empire builders had effectively used their Coptic Monophysitic Abyssinian religion as a weapon to colonise the Oromo people. and imbued with a 'monopoly of falsehood'. Then. why He withdrew His protection away from them. to Waaqa Who created them as one of a peace-loving people of African societies. The Survival and Revival of Waaqeffannaa The colonising religions of Coptic centred Monophysitic Abyssinians. and the Mecca-centred Muslims are claiming a 'monopoly of truth' 59 over Waaqeffannaa. and the government is like an arm. human heritages. 61 Such derogatory connotations have tried to molest the noble functions of Waaqeffannaa. They believe that. Then. they might have committed Cubbuu (sin) that could anger the Creator and Tolerant Waaqa. the Euro-centred Evangelists. However. the sword cannot cut by itself without the use of the arm". 58 Whether the Oromos confront problems or pursue happiness. Irreecha/Irreessa. Pheenxee's and Sheikhs´ assault from the rear and front lines. derailed to follow the main chapters of Waaqa´s law. They blame the misfortune and bad-omen they have encountered in their daily lives and activities as a result of their own negligence.The Oromos express their resentment directly to their Creator. despite systematic harassment by the colonial regime and despite open condemnations by the fundamentalist sections of the followers of the aforementioned religions. they directly complain to their Waaqa. by labelling this indigenous African religion as pagan. Emperor Haile Sellasie declared that "the church is like the sword. peace and peaceloving peoples of African origin in which the Waaqaafannaa-led Oromo concept of Nagaa has been deliberately interpreted as a 'violent pagan faith'. animist. They are thus demonstrating to the world the continuity of their stiff resistance to the colonising religions. and it is still open. Phillipson. a certain missionary. which is followed by millions of people. This man could not conceal the true nature of Waaqeffataa Oromos. instead of restoring social harmonies among the Oromos. the Oromo prayers. who have recently begun to be addressed by the Gadaa title 'Luba'. convincing. for the religions of the indigenous peoples of African origin can better satisfy their needs. 63 Conclusion To sum up. The door of Waaqeeffannaa was open. 65 Therefore. and the Oromo Sheikhs. even if he was sad that the Oromos did not accept the ´written´ colonial religion that was ravaging the peoples in Kenya at that moment. not merely Waaqeffannaa. which are detrimental to the religious function of Nagaa Oromoo. Waaqeffannaa is an indigenous religion of African origin. visited the Oromo communities around the coast of Indian Ocean and said: "To their [Oromos] beautiful custom of hospitality. their religion teaches them to take care for strangers bound on an errand of peace". At the beginning of the 20th century. though they admire and preach the monopoly of their own colonial faiths. 66 Posted by DIRSAME at 12:46 AM open in browser PRO version Are you a developer? Try out the HTML to PDF API pdfcrowd. the various mushrooming sects of all colonial religions in Oromoland endanger the revival of Waaqeffannaa. and because of this they rather continue nurturing social conflicts. if they start taking seriously into account the absolutely prominent and greatly beneficial role Waaqeffannaa has been playing in protecting Oromummaa throughout the ages.com . the preservation of sacred places. need to develop moral judgements and human compassion by respecting and deeply exploring the values of the indigenous religions.. Waaqeffannaa does give holistic. it would be a wise judgement on the part of Oromo Qeeses (priests). These colonial religions run for the monopolisation of 'truth'. and historically remarkable answers to its followers. it must continue to be open to those constructive ideas and various innovations that help enhance the creative capacity of the Oromo people. Such a wise act would help them avoid any further jumping into various forms of hasty generalisation. and the institutions. 64 The various missionaries. their followers and disciples in particular. Nonetheless. based on their texts. . open in browser PRO version Are you a developer? Try out the HTML to PDF API pdfcrowd.com ..Labels: SOMALI WAAQLE DIR No comments: Post a Comment Newer Post Subscribe to: Post Comments (Atom) Home Older Post Blog Archive ► 2009 (2) ► 2010 (65) ▼ 2011 (268) ► April (33) ▼ May (125) ► May 01 (2) ► May 04 (10) ► May 10 (15) ▼ May 11 (7) PRE-ISLAMIC TRACES OF WAAQLE IN SOMALI AND OROMO R. ..... Powered by Blogger. open in browser PRO version Are you a developer? 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