Republic of the PhilippinesDepartment of the Interior and Local Government NATIONAL POLICE COMMISSION NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS, PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE OFFICE OF THE CHIEF, PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE Camp Crame, Quezon City We need sustained economic growth and social development for our country to move forward. These can only be achieved in an environment of security and peace. For our government to implement development programs and set vital infrastructure projects, an atmosphere of peace must first be realized; terrorism and insurgency must be fully addressed. This is the crucial role of the PNP particularly the Regional Public Safety Battalions (RPSB), Provincial Public Safety Companies (PPSC) and Special Action Force (SAF) – to face the threats posed by the terrorists and insurgents. Their lives and limbs are always at risk. The PNP leadership acknowledges the danger in the lives of these men in the field, so it has taken actions to lessen the degree of risk by providing not only adequate training and equipage but guidelines to follow in the performance of their tasks. This is also part of our continuing endeavor to resolve organizational dysfunctions and improve the quality of police service with the end view of transforming the PNP into a more Capable, Effective and Credible Police Force. To the National Operations Center, Directorate for Operations, the brain endeavor, I commend you for your zeal in coming up with the PNP Combat Operations Checklist. It is a timely tool to guide our men especially the maneuver forces in making their operations against the enemies a success. Keep up the good work! NICANOR A BARTOLOME, CSEE Police Director General Chief, PNP i Republic of the Philippines Department of the Interior and Local Government NATIONAL POLICE COMMISSION NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS, PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE OFFICE OF THE DEPUTY CHIEF, PNP FOR OPERATIONS Camp Crame, Quezon City The enemies of the state - the insurgents, the terrorists and syndicated criminals - incessantly upgrade their equipage, train their men and employ new tactics to bring our men in the field down. But the PNP will not and does not allow this to happen. We make sure that if our enemies take two steps forward, the PNP maneuver teams will take two more steps ahead. The PNP Combat Operations Checklist created by the National Operations Center (NOC), Directorate for Operations is an essential tool for the PNP maneuver teams in defeating the enemies of the state. This checklist will definitely simplify their operations with the end in view of making each operation a success and success will not only mean the collapse of the enemy forces but having very minimal injury and damage to PNP maneuver teams. Kudos to the NOC, Directorate for Operations for another valuable achievement. RAUL L CASTAÑEDA Police Deputy Director General The Deputy Chief for Operations ii Republic of the Philippines Department of the Interior and Local Government NATIONAL POLICE COMMISSION NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS, PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE OFFICE OF THE DIRECTORATE FOR OPERATIONS Camp Crame, Quezon City “To plan and conduct special operations anywhere in the region particularly in the aspect of counter insurgency, counter subversion, unconventional warfare, anti-terrorism and other related operations”. This core mandate of the Regional Public Safety Battalions (RPSB), Public safety Companies and Special Action Force puts the life of each member in peril. Dangers are imminent but while this is inherent in their task, there is always a means to minimize them. Careful planning, vigilance and prudent preparations are the keys. These keys must be imbibed by each of these men in the battle field to ensure their safety while making certain of the enemies’ defeat. With the creation of the PNP Combat Operations Checklist, our maneuver forces are assured of a guide in their daily operations. This will serve as a compass to lead them to the right direction so they will not be lost in the middle of the battle against terrorists and insurgents, and criminal elements as well. The volleys of fire from the enemies are not reasons for our maneuver forces to move back because they are well equipped physically, materially, spiritually and mentally. LEOCADIO SC SANTIAGO, JR. CESE Police Director Director for Operations iii equipment and guidance so that they can carry out their jobs more effectively and safely. Thus this checklist was conceptualized by the National Operations Center (NOC). The PNP Combat Operations Checklist presents the basic combat rules for troop movement.The PNP maneuver units are essential to the peace and security of our country. Provincial Public Safety Companies and the Special Action Force. Casualties are impending in any combat operations but our goal is to allay these casualties and damages. We have seen a number of our front liners in combat operations perish in the battle field and we do not want to see more of our men suffer the same fate from the hands of terrorists and dissidents. Directorate for Operations under the stewardship of PDIR LEOCADIO SC SANTIAGO. these men need all the assistance they can get from the PNP leadership. These men are never “offduty”. a guide to facilitate their operations. This is the rationale behind the crafting of the PNP Combat Operations Checklist – to provide our maneuver units. The checklist provides a clear-cut list to follow in carrying combat situation in the field. air assault and medical evacuation. our maneuver forces will develop more confidence every time the trumpets of the battle field are blown. We owe it to the men and women of these maneuver units and so we should provide them with better training. defend. For this very sensitive and crucial responsibility. JR. that with this checklist at hand. the Regional Public Safety Battalions. They are dedicated to protect our country from terrorists and insurgents at any time and place that the peace is threatened. We are optimistic. patrol. attack. NOC iv . withdraw. It also presents strategies to follow for urban area operations. The PNP leadership believes that there is always a way to assuage casualties. MELITO M MABILIN Police Chief Superintendent Chief. delay. We envision no more dwindling moves and no more deafening moans of pain but chants of victory. NUP Elena E Laudit. PCINSP CORNELIO D ORDANZA (RPSB. Assistant Chief. National Operations Center. Much of this work was initiated by PCSUPT MELITO M MABILIN. JR (OG3. LEOCADIO SC SANTIAGO. PINSP MICHAEL T VIRTUDAZO.I would like to acknowledge the efforts and contributions of all PNP and AFP officers. PCINSP MICHAEL JOHN MANGAHIS (SAF). PRO 3). PSSUPT MIGUEL C ANTONIO. NCRPO). SPO1 Maricel F Panahon. CESE Police Director Director for Operations v . PSUPT CONRADO L VILLANUEVA. PA). I would also like to acknowledge the assistance given by PSUPT CHRISTIAN V HAVERIA. NUP John Vincent Jose. my warmest gratitude. NOC and PSINSP JOHANNES GOLD L AQUINO. PCINSP EDGARDO A ANGELES. Chief. Chief. PSUPT RICO C BRACAMONTE. NOC. NUP Gina D Graza. PCINSP JOHNNY I CAPALOS. PCINSP IGMEDIO B BERNALDEZ. PCINSP BRYANT B DEMOT. JR. PSINSP JOHN DC ABREU (RPSB. PCINSP JOEL V CABURNAY. PSINSP GREGORIO C VILLAR. PCINSP IRENE C CAYETANO. JR. PCINSP HERALDO F DAPEG (RPSB. Ms Jean Palpalatoc and NUP Frederick G Malabo. PNCOs and NUP in the preparation of the PNP Combat Operations Checklist. PSINSP ARNEL R MADOR (SAF). MAJ MARCELO F VALDEZ. PSINSP ERICKSON B BORANES (SAF). PA). Contributions of the following officers and men are likewise highly appreciated: LTC EMMANUEL L CABASAN (OG3. PRO 4A). To all other men and women who have shared their knowledge in making this checklist possible. Operations Section. PNP COMBAT OPERATIONS CHECKLIST TABLE OF CONTENTS The Chief. PNP’s Message TDCO’s Message TDO’s Message Preface Acknowledgement BASIC COMBAT RULES PLAN Troop leading procedure Warning Order (WARNO) Operation Order (OPORD) TROOP MOVEMENT Actions before movement Actions for vehicular movement Actions for movement by foot Actions at halts on vehicular movement Actions at halts on movement by foot (short halts) Actions at halts on movement by foot (long halts) Harboring ATTACK Preparation for assault Post Assault Consolidation and Reorganization DEFEND Unit station security preparation Establish observation post (OP) Range card preparation Range card (blank) Range card (sample) Fire distribution and control DELAY Fundamentals of delay WITHDRAW Disengagement actions Unit Relief in Place PAGE i ii iii iv v 1 3 5 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 15 16 17 19 20 22 23 24 25 27 28 . PATROL/RECON Patrol planning steps Actions During Patrol Designating Rallying points After Patrol Report Selection and Establishment of a Patrol Base Occupation of an Established Patrol Base Conduct a raid Principles of an ambush Conducting ambush Reconnaisance mission Actions to be taken in danger areas AIR ASSAULT OPERATIONS Setting up of helicopter landing site MEDICAL Request for air MEDIVAC COMBAT IN CITIES Urban Area Operation Building Assault 29 30 33 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 49 51 52 53 . TROOP LEADING PROCEDURE STEP ACTION 1 Receive mission 2 Issue warning order (WARNO) 3 Make tentative plan Mission Enemy Troops Terrain and weather Time Possible courses of action 4 Initiate necessary preparation Offensive operation: Personnel Logistics and finance Defensive operation: Physical security 5 Conduct reconnaissance 6 Complete the plan Choosing the best course of action 7 Issue operations order 1 . 8 Supervise and refine Rehearsals and final preparation Notes: 2 . equipment and mobility Provisions 3 . ammo.WARNING ORDER (WARNO) STEP 1 2 3 ACTION Situation: Area of operation Enemy forces Friendly forces Attachments and detachments Mission: Stated in terms of: Who (unit involved/taking actions) What (specific task of the unit taking actions) Where(objective) When (date and time) Why (purpose) General Instructions: Tentative time schedule Unit/s involved Movement plan Contingency plans Weapons. 4 Specific/special instructions 4 . General Instructions: Movement plan Contingency plans 5 .OPERATIONS ORDER (OPORD) STEP 1 2 3 ACTION Task Organization Situation: Area of operation Enemy forces Friendly forces Attachments and detachments Mission: Stated in terms of: Who (unit involved/taking actions) What (specific task of the unit taking actions) Where(objective) When (date and time) Why (purpose) Execution: Commander’s intent Concept of operations Tasks Coordinating instructions a. Logistics c. Personnel b.Operational schedule (reverse planning sequence) Deadlines b. Medivac Command and signal a. Special/specific instructions 4 5 Combat service support a. Signal Communication network/ diagram 6 . Command Command succession Location (CP/ACP) b. ACTIONS BEFORE MOVEMENT STEP ACTION 1 Give warning order (WARNO) 2 Preparation of troops. equipment and provisions 3 Recon route from unit headquarters to point of interest 4 Record time from unit headquarters to point of interest 5 Coordinate with friendly forces for passage and/or route security 6 Inspection of troops. equipment and provisions 7 Preparation and inspection of vehicles 8 Sequence of movement. loading and unloading plan 9 Mission briefing with personnel 7 . ACTIONS FOR VEHICULAR MOVEMENT ITEM ACTION 1 Check completeness of vehicles 2 Conduct briefing on drivers 3 Observe unit integrity during loading and unloading 4 Mount crew-served weapons advantageously 5 Observe sequence of movement 6 Maintain route security 7 Designate vehicle sectors of observation and fire 8 Report passage on pre-designated points/critical area (unless radio silence is in effect) 9 Report arrival at the point of interest 8 . maintain tapping distance 7 Designate sectors of observation and fire 8 Report passage on pre-designated points/critical area (unless radio silence is in effect) 9 Report arrival at the point of interest 9 .ACTIONS FOR MOVEMENT BY FOOT ITEM ACTION 1 Check completeness of personnel 2 Conduct briefing on team leaders 3 Observe unit integrity during movement 4 Position crew-served weapons strategically 5 Observe sequence of movement 6 Observe movement techniques (travelling. bounding overwatch) During night time. travelling overwatch. ACTIONS AT HALTS ON VEHICULAR MOVEMENT ITEM ACTION 1 Park at roadside – maintain vehicle formation 2 Establish/maintain security 3 Move stalled vehicles to the side of the road – set up early warning devices and direct traffic when necessary 4 Maintain observation/contact with other vehicles 5 Report status 6 Take appropriate actions/repair vehicles if possible 10 . ACTIONS AT HALTS ON MOVEMENT BY FOOT (SHORT HALTS) ITEM ACTION 1 Choose vantage positions 2 Observe noise discipline 3 Observe light discipline and tapping distance at night time 4 Stay alert 5 Cover approaches into sector with key weapons 11 . ACTIONS AT HALTS ON MOVEMENT BY FOOT (LONG HALTS) ITEM ACTION 1 Choose vantage positions 2 Observe noise discipline 3 Observe light discipline and tapping distance at night time 4 Maintain security 5 Cover approaches into sector with key weapons 6 The troops should occupy a security perimeter similar to the techniques used in harboring 7 Account personnel before resuming 12 . HARBORING ITEM ACTION 1 Select harboring sites which are concealed and defensible from all directions 2 Recon and clear primary and alternate harboring sites 3 Occupy harboring site only when it gets dark 4 Designate sectors (area of responsibility) and ensure cohesiveness of the troops 5 Enforce light and noise discipline 6 Observe Stand-to-Technique 7 Emplace sentinels/security 8 Emphasize buddy system and inform the patrol members when leaving the harbor site 9 Set up warning devices 10 Report position/location to your headquarters 11 Disseminate passwords and countersigns to all members 13 . 12 Remove traces of occupancy when leaving the harbor sites 14 . PREPARATION FOR ASSAULT TASK ACTION 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Issue warning order Assemble troops/personnel Perform communications check Check weapons Check key equipment Rehearse specific tasks Recon routes to objective Issue operation order Coordinate with higher. 15 . adjacent units 10 Check/integrate augmentation 11 Rehearse coordinated action 12 Inspect troops 13 Feed troops 14 Rest troops Notes: Several steps may occur at the same time. supporting. if applicable 12 Continue planning to sustain the offensive (map recon. orders and request for resupply) Notes: 16 .POST ASSAULT CONSOLIDATION AND REORGANIZATION STEP ACTION 1 Neutralize all remaining resistance 2 Occupy hasty positions and prepare for enemy counterattack 3 Bring up base of fire element 4 Position key weapon systems 5 Account for personnel 6 Attend to the wounded and prepare for evacuation 7 Account for equipment 8 Redistribute ammunition 9 Check enemy casualties and recovered equipment 10 Develop quick fire plan 11 Prepare range cards. UNIT STATION SECURITY PREPARATION STEP TASK 1 Organize community network 2 Prepare sketches of areas/sectors defense positions 3 Designate squad and platoon sectors 4 Check communications systems 5 Emplace key weapons and vehicles to strategic position 6 Coordinate with adjacent units for interlocking sectors of fire 7 Clear fields of fire 8 Prepare range cards 9 Emplace warning devices and barriers 10 Observe fire discipline 11 Make sentinel and rest plan 12 Designate supply/evacuation routes 13 Maintain additional basic load of ammunition/food. water and first aid kits 14 Designate and maintain a reserve force 17 . 15 16 Rehearse actions that will be done during engagement Continue to improve positions 18 . ESTABLISH OBSERVATION POST (OP) ITEM ACTION 1 Select covered and concealed vantage positions 2 Designate personnel with security to occupy the posts 3 Establish reporting procedures 4 Prepare withdrawal plan (procedures and routes) 5 Use binoculars/Night Optic Devices (NODs). communications equipment and navigational devices (maps and compasses) 6 Change observers as often as situation permits 19 . Reference Points (RPs) and possible Engagement Areas (EAs) as ordered 6 Show and label areas that cannot be covered by fire 7 Draw maximum engagement lines 8 Draw terrain features and mark weapon reference point from terrain or map 20 .RANGE CARD PREPARATION Make card and copy for each primary. and supplementary position STEP ACTION 1 Draw symbol for weapon/position in center of circle 2 Draw/label left/right sector limits 3 Determine range value for each circle by dividing range to most distant terrain feature by number of circles and label card 4 Draw final protective lines/principal direction of fire 5 Draw and number Target Reference Points (TRPs). alternate. distance from weapon to position) in remarks Fill in marginal information. grid. magnetic azimuth. TRPs and reference points. TRPs. ammunition. not higher than company and direction of magnetic north arrow 21 . alternate or supplementary positions Date and time range card complete Identify weapon/vehicle List left/right limits. range (meters) to limits. reference points in numerical order Show gun elevation (mils). describe objects Fill in weapon reference data (description.9 10 11 Fill in data section in the standard form provided Identify primary. RANGE CARD STANDARD FORM SQD ________ PLT ________ CO ________ May be used for all types of direct fire weapons POSITION IDENTIFICATION DATA SECTION WEAPON NO. DIRECTION DEFLECTION ELEVATION MAGNETIC NORTH DATE EACH CIRCLE EQUALS ________________ METERS RANGE AMMO DESCRIPTION REMARKS: DA FORM 5517R 22 . SAMPLE 23 . terrain and weapon capability 5 Concentrate on long range targets if possible. considering range. conserve ammunition if possible 8 Avoid fratricide 9 Engage different threats simultaneously 24 . to gain standoff advantage 6 Take best shots. expose only systems actually needed 7 Control firing.FIRE DISTRIBUTION AND CONTROL ITEM PRINCIPLE 1 Engage critical targets first. engage laterally and in-depth 2 Avoid target overkill 3 Use fire distribution Incorporate indirect fires Use each weapon in its best role 4 Destroy most dangerous targets first. FUNDAMENTALS OF DELAY ITEM ACTION 1 Control is maintained at Hqs level but execution is left to the subordinate units Continue enemy engagement Secure the flanks against enemy maneuver 2 Maximize use of OAKOC Observation and fields of fire Avenues of approach Key terrain Obstacles and movement Cover and concealment 3 Disrupt enemy synchronization (plans and timing) Use snipers. ambushes to slow enemy forces Trade space for time 4 Use obscuration smoke or night moves to cover withdrawing forces 5 Use obstacles Natural and reinforcing Cover by observation/fire 25 . more heavily engaged forces move under cover of security force Mission: Delay the movement of enemy forces for specified time Assign sectors or avenue of approach for each unit 26 . Move less engaged forces first.6 7 8 Keep free to maneuver Avoid decisive engagement Displace to next position. maneuver and fires 2 Use cover-fire elements to keep enemy pressure from disengaging forces 3 Maintain secrecy discipline in movement and communication 4 Recon/prepare routes 5 Recon/prepare new positions 6 Move wounded 7 Move equipment 8 Move support elements ahead of the main group 9 Move during limited visibility 10 Use obstacles to slowdown the enemy 27 .DISENGAGEMENT ACTIONS ITEM ACTION 1 Deceive the enemy with smoke. UNIT RELIEF IN PLACE ITEM ACTION 1 Incoming leader recons area 2 Incoming and outgoing leaders coordinate 3 Exchange liaison personnel 4 Coordinate positions of weapons and vehicles 5 Exchange range cards and fire plans 6 Exchange relief or organic fire support elements 7 Coordinate obstacles locations 8 Coordinate routes into and out of positions 9 Coordinate vehicle guides 10 Coordinate communications during relief 11 Coordinate enemy situation and intelligence 12 Coordinate sequence of relief 13 Coordinate schedule of change of responsibility for the area Notes: 28 . brief and rehearse 29 . weapons and equipment 6 Issue Warning Order 7 Conduct Reconnaissance 8 Complete Detailed Plan 9 Issue Patrol Leader’s Order 10 Supervise. inspect.PATROL PLANNING STEPS STEP ACTION 1 Make a plan for a given period of time (Plan the use of time) 2 Analyze the situation in the area of interest 3 Make a map study or map recon (include enemy route of withdrawals after a possible engagement) 4 Coordinate (with other friendly forces) 5 Select men. ACTIONS DURING PATROL STEP ACTION 1 Security Considerations Move along terrain that offers cover and concealment Use the proper movement formation and technique Move as fast as the situation will allow to degrade the enemy’s ability to detect the unit Enforce noise and light discipline Anticipate and prepare for any contingency as you move Plan your actions in case of an engagement and designate rallying points Stay alert at all times Avoid being predicted. If unavoidable. Never use same route 2 Avoid danger areas. follow SOPs 3 Crossing danger areas SOP Designate near and far RP (Rallying Point) 30 . go around the area Use combination of travelling over watch or bounding over watch depending on the situation 31 .4 5 6 Secure the near side Secure the far side Cross the danger area River Crossing SOP Ensure that it is safe for your troops to cross Prepare necessary equipment for crossing i. utility ropes Tie down loose equipment and rifles to the raft Water proof your packs and essential equipment Follow SOP same as crossing danger areas Crossing Linear Open Areas SOP Recon and secure the near side Recon and secure the far side Cross by bounding over-watch Crossing Large Open Areas SOP If with ample time. Poncho raft.e. 7 Crossing Small Open Areas SOP Detour Bypass Method – turn right or left 90 degrees then continue mission Contouring around the open area Establish reference point and azimuth, then proceed thereat At reference point, recomputed or redirect movement towards objective. One or more consecutive reference points maybe used. Consider the distance, time, terrain, cover and concealment 32 DESIGNATING RALLYING POINTS ITEM DESCRIPTION 1 Selection Easy to find/locate Offer cover and concealment Away from natural lines of drift Defendable for short periods 2 Types Initial RP – inside friendly lines En route RP – every 100 to 400 meters based on terrain, vegetation, visibility Objective Rally Point (ORP) – outside friendly lines but away from enemy sight, hearing and small arms range Re-entry Rally Point - outside friendly final protective fire (FPF) Near and Far Side Rally Points – located at the near or far side of rivers and open areas which are considered danger areas 33 AFTER PATROL REPORT A. Rank and Name of Patrol Leader __________ ___________________________________________ B. Patrol size and composition (unit size and nr. of personnel)______________________________ ___________________________________________ C. Vehicle/s used (nr, description and plate nr) ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ D. Mission (type, location, purpose of patrol) ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ E. Time and date of Departure and return_____ ___________________________________________ F. Routes out and back (objectives, prominent/key terrain features, grid coordinates, map overlays)________________ ___________________________________________ G. Description of terrain and enemy position ___________________________________________ H. Results of enemy encounters (if any)________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ I. Misc information/map corrections__________ 34 Condition of personnel ____________________ ___________________________________________ K. Observations/recommendations ___________ ___________________________________________ 35 .___________________________________________ J. ridges. communication signals.SELECTION AND ESTABLISHMENT OF A PATROL BASE STEP ACTION 1 Pick tentative patrol base site from map then conduct area recon by air. vehicle or foot 2 Plan for alternate site. slopes) 4 Establish patrol base and plan for Observation Posts (OPs)/commo with Observation Posts (OPs) 5 Plan for defense of patrol base. roads/trails. built up areas. terrain. movement accessibility and water supply (avoid enemy strongholds. withdrawal routes. recon and observe until you occupy or no longer needed 3 Select site considering strategic and tactical advantage over the enemy. rally and rendezvous points 36 . camouflage. and observe noise/light/litter discipline 37 .6 Provide security/alert plan. OCCUPATION OF AN ESTABLISHED PATROL BASE STEP ACTION 1 Before occupying (approach) – patrol halts at approximately 200 meters from site 2 Patrol leader and element leaders conduct recon 3 Actions during recon Patrol leader designates single entry point and Command Post at center of base Element leaders recon sectors and return to Command Post Patrol leader sends 2 personnel to bring patrol forward 4 Occupation must be in single file and undercover 5 Patrol leader checks perimeter by meeting element leaders one by one 6 Recon and Surveillance team will clear the surroundings within the 500 meters to 1 km radius moving clockwise or counterclockwise direction 38 . Observation Posts. Rallying Points and withdrawal routes Patrol leader designates routes and Rallying Points outside of the patrol base Each element establishes communications and Observation Posts 39 .7 8 9 Recon and Surveillance team report enemy activity. CONDUCT A RAID STEP ACTIONS 1 Patrol move to Objective Rallying Point (ORP) for recon Recon and secure ORP then patrol leader will conduct recon of the objective Patrol leader synchronizes movements of elements to objective 2 Security elements (blocking force) duties: Move to positions and secure ORP Block avenues of approach of enemy reinforcement and prevent enemy escape from the objective Cover withdrawal of assault and support elements from ORP Engage only when detected or when ordered 3 Support element (base of fire and/or snipers) duties: Move into position prior to assault element 40 . 4 5 Cover the withdrawal of assault elements from the objective Withdraw on order/signal Assault element duties: Move to objective for immediate assault Seize and secure objective to protect demolition/search teams Withdraw on order/signal Reorganize patrol 1km from ORP Account personnel Treat casualty/ies (if there is any) Redistribute ammunition (if necessary) Check equipment Disseminate instructions/order 41 . PRINCIPLES OF AN AMBUSH ITEM PRINCIPLE 1 Place primary weapons (crewserved) for effective fire within the kill zone 2 Assign sectors of fire for maximum casualty 3 Use well-trained teams 4 Maintain security especially when returning to friendly position 5 Consider concealment and field of fire in the deployment of elements and equipment 6 Ensure clear command/signal in open. shift and cease fire 7 Point ambush When enemy is attacked in a single kill zone 8 Area ambush When there are two or more related point ambushes in an area Provide security elements/teams on the flanks and its rear Leader should organize elements 42 . destroy armoured vehicles first Night ambush similar to day Control elements/issue clear orders and signals Use reference points to determine sector of fire Move to position during limited visibility to avoid enemy detection Plan illumination 43 . support.9 10 into 3 groups: assault. and security Use manmade obstacles or natural boundaries to isolate target in the kill zone Use indirect fire to seal off area and prevent enemy withdrawal Use primary weapons to produce maximum casualty Vehicular ambush Engage and stop lead and trail vehicles in the kill zone. CONDUCTING AMBUSH Ambush formation considerations: Ambush formation of elements is dependent on the available terrain Easy control of elements must be considered in choosing an ambush formation Vulnerability of the target must also be considered STEP ACTION 1 Patrol designates and occupies Objective Rallying Point (ORP) Secure ORP then confirm location Recon possible ambush site Leave security team at selected ambush site Return to ORP and make ambush plan 2 Leave elements to secure ORP and then secure the flanks of ambush site 3 Support and assault elements leave ORP 44 . Assault elements occupy ambush positions when security is in place 4 5 6 7 8 9 Support elements to overwatch the movement of the assault elements The patrol waits for the target after all the elements are in position Security team alerts assault elements on enemy direction of movement. target size and special weapons or equipment Patrol leader alerts and initiates command when most of the target are inside the kill zone Leader commands ceasefire when enemy has been neutralized Leader commands assault/search Withdraw to ORP for accounting and dissemination then return to friendly position for debriefing 45 . communications and other equipment needed) Deceptive measures (activities that will divert enemy attention) Task organization to support mission (command group and support elements like the quick reaction force) Rehearsal of critical tasks Inspection of recon elements and equipment 2 Execution Team insertion/infiltration (the entry of recon elements inside the target area) Recon proper Gathering of Priority Information Requirements (PIR) – specific 46 .RECONNAISANCE MISSION STEP ACTION 1 Planning Current intelligence (Intelligence summary from friendly units and info from intel/action agents) Capabilities of unit (personnel. special weapons. other prominent terrain features and mobility corridors Use Surveillance.location. strength of enemy and firepower Gathering of Other Information Requirements (OIR) – natural and man-made obstacles. Target Acquisition and Night Observation (STANO) devices to enhance gathering of PIRs/OIRs When recon elements are compromised and detected extricate immediately In case of enemy contact avoid decisive engagement and coordinate with support elements Team extraction/exfiltration (return of recon elements to friendly lines) 3 Debriefing Reporting of gathered information Recommend possible courses of action based on initial assessment Notes: 47 . ACTIONS TO BE TAKEN IN DANGER AREAS STEP ACTION 1 Halt upon recognition of a danger area (disembark when onboard a vehicle) 2 Occupy covered and concealed position 3 Establish security 4 Observe and assess the situation 5 Designate rallying point for possible withdrawal in case of engagement 6 Send recon and clear the perceived danger area 7 Move to the designated rallying point in case of engagement 8 Advance to objective when danger area is clear 48 . if 7-15 degrees. Ensure sufficient runway to clear obstacles: for every 1 meter of vertical obstacle. If the slope is less than 7 degrees. provide 10 meters of horizontal distance as clearance 49 . avoid dust and sand Ensure that the ground is firm enough to keep helicopter in stable position during loading/unloading Remove obstacles on approach/ Departure ends and clearly mark Obstructions that cannot be removed.SETTING UP OF HELICOPTER LANDING SITE STEP 1 2 3 4 5 ACTION Select and secure landing site. land upslope. land side slope Ensure surface conditions free of rocks and debris. Size depends on number and type of helicopters Ground slope of site must not be more than 15 degrees. mark touchdown point with inverted “Y” composed of 4 lights.6 Mark landing site and touchdown point using smoke. signalman and lights. 50 . at night. REQUEST FOR AIR MEDIVAC LINE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ITEM Location of pick-up site Pick-up site radio frequency. panel. and suffix Number of patients by precedence (urgent. routine) Special equipment required Number of patients by type (litter. prominent features. Ambulatory) Security of pick-up site Method of marking pick-up site (smoke. lights) 51 . priority. call sign. buildings and basements Clear each house thoroughly and then consolidate assault elements Mark cleared structures Plan for casualty armored vehicle evacuation Keep equipment light 52 .URBAN AREA OPERATION ITEM 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 PRINCIPLES To dominate the situation. use armored vehicles as transports/moving shield Employ expertise/equipment of combat engineers Clear streets. attack rapidly and thoroughly with the aid of smoke Employ shock-producing weapons to reduce enemy strong points Wear body armor. houses. armored vehicle. 53 .BUILDING ASSAULT STEP 1 2 3 4 5 6 ACTION Organize unit into assault force and support force Designate special weapons/ teams Support force ISOLATES building from over watch position. covering smoke and fire Support force suppresses enemy in building and nearby to cover assault force’s move Support force resupply ammunition. thermal – torch. evacuate wounded Assault force ENTERS building at highest level possible or mouseholes into unexpected wall to gain foothold Assault force ENTERS building at the main door or back door using breaching equipment (mechanical – battering ram. replace personnel. ballistics – shotgun. by grenade or burst of fire as the case may be Assault force marks each room/ each building when cleared 54 .7 8 explosives – detonation cord. shape charges) Assault force CLEARS building room-by-room.